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Van, Amberg Joel. "A real presence: Religious and social dynamics of the eucharistic conflicts in early modern Augsburg, 1520-1530." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290052.
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This dissertation explores the nexus of religious, political, and economic issues that led to the socially and religiously divisive intra-Protestant dispute over the proper interpretation and celebration of the Eucharist during the first years of the German Reformation. This dispute roiled cities and territories throughout Germany beginning around the year 1524 as lay men and women began organizing and agitating to promote a symbolic understanding of the Eucharist. The laity saw in this initially academic debate a vehicle through which they could articulate and fight for their own bundle of religious and social concerns. The imperial free city of Augsburg, one of the wealthiest, most populous and most politically powerful cities in the Empire, serves in the dissertation as the case study for a German-wide phenomenon. Chapter one contextualizes the Augsburg eucharistic disputes both by laying out the course of the academic eucharistic debates that raged among Martin Luther, Huldreich Zwingli, and their various supporters and by describing the social and economic tensions unique to Augsburg. Chapter two investigates the Augsburg preaching of the Franciscan friar Hans Schilling, whose congregation began to make connections between the adoption of a symbolic understanding of the Eucharist and their political and economic interests. Chapter three explores the reasons behind the spectacular success of the Augsburg preacher Michael Keller. Keller articulated a symbolic understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist which resonated with the concerns of many Augsburg residents that the clergy were denying them the right of self-determination in religious issues, that the political elites were driving them out of their traditional role in civic life, and that the large Augsburg merchants were destroying their economic independence. Chapter four discusses the role of marginalized groups in Augsburg who formed sectarian cells, articulating their alienation from society through their doctrine of the Eucharist. Eventually these groups transitioned to Anabaptism as they found that their doctrine of the Eucharist would not carry the full weight of their sectarian agenda. Chapter five interacts with a series of historiographical questions in light of the evidence presented in the foregoing chapters.
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Gow, Andrew Colin. "The Red Jews: Apocalypticism and antisemitism in medieval and early modern Germany." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186270.
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The Red Jews are a legendary people; this is their history. From the late thirteenth to the late sixteenth century, vernacular German texts depicted the Red Jews, a conflation of the Biblical ten lost tribes of Israel and Gog and Magog, as a savage and unnaturally foul nation, who are enclosed in the 'Caspian Mountains', where they had been walled up by Alexander the Great. At the end of time, they will break out and serve the Antichrist, causing great destruction and suffering in the world. The hostile identification (c. 1165) of Jews with the apocalyptic destroyers of Ezekiel 38-39 and Revelation 20 expresses a new and virulent antisemitism that was integrated into the powerful apocalyptic traditions of Christianity. None of the few scholars who have noticed the Red Jews in medieval and early modern vernacular texts has sought out, collected and examined the complete body of medieval and early-modern sources that feature the Red Jews. This study provides a long-term analysis of the intimate connections between antisemitism and apocalypticism via a forgotten and submerged piece of German 'medievalia', the Red Jews. The legend gradually dissipated. Until the beginning of the seventeenth century it was a medieval lens through which Germans saw events relating to the Turkish threat in the East; after that time, the Red Jews disappeared from European texts.
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Pihl, Christopher. "Arbete : Skillnadsskapande och försörjning i 1500-talets Sverige." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182392.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore work as an idea and a practice for the construction and maintenance of differences and power relations, and to examine what the consequences were for the individual and society in early modern Sweden. The period saw an expansion of the state apparatus which created numerous new opportunities for employment. There also exists a body of literature from this period, in the form of instructions relating to work and households. The thesis draws both on these instructions and descriptions and on sources produced by the crown. The thesis shows that gender was a crucial factor for the organisation of work. Operating The service of the crown was characterised by two principal organisational forms: the household, and a precursor of a bureaucratic system. The household had its basis in the couple, and had a clear gendered division of power, the couple together constituted the management of the household, at the same time there was an element of male superordination. The other form was exclusively male and based on delegation of power within the organisation and on an attempt to formalise relations by written instructions. The majority of the jobs created were held by men. In crafts and administration, men took over a number of female areas of competence. In this process was occupational positions created for these men. Women’s opportunities to work were heavily affected by an idea of a female area of expertise, ‘womenfolk’s work’ which never become specialiced, but the investigation also shows that work created in the crowns households in positions of leadership created livelihoods for married adult women. Among employees that were young and unmarried the similarities between the genders were often more striking than the differences. Greater differences emerge from a comparison of the entire workforce of the crown, which shows women’s annual wages to be 75 per cent of those of men. Overall women had few opportunities to make careers and get well paid employments.
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Glover, Victoria E. C. ""To Conceive With Child is the Earnest Desire if Not of All, Yet of Most Women": The Advancement of Prenatal Care and Childbirth in Early Modern England: 1500-1770." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5694.
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This thesis analyzes medical manuals published in England between 1500 and 1770 to trace developing medical understandings and prescriptive approaches to conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. While there have been plenty of books written regarding social and religious changes in the reproductive process during the early modern era, there is a dearth of scholarly work focusing on the medical changes which took place in obstetrics over this period. Early modern England was a time of great change in the field of obstetrics as physicians incorporated newly-discovered knowledge about the male and female body, new fields and tools, and new or revived methods into published obstetrical manuals. As men became more prominent in the birthing chamber, instructions in the manuals began to address these men as well. Overall these changes were brought about by changes in the medical field along with changes in culture and religion and the emergence of print culture and rising literacy rates.
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McKeogh, Katie. "Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605) and early modern Catholic culture and identity, 1580-1610." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6d9ffcd-570e-4334-acd4-735c656c0a1f.
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What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.
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Griffiths, Paul. "Some aspects of social history of youth in early modern England, with particular reference to the period c.1560-c.1640." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273130.
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Hirsch, Brett Daniel. "Werewolves and women with whiskers : figures of estrangement in early modern English drama and culture." University of Western Australia. English and Cultural Studies Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0175.
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Each chapter of Werewolves and Women with Whiskers: Figures of Estrangement in Early Modern English Drama and Culture explores a particular figure of fascination and fear in the early modern English imagination: in one it is owls, in another bearded women, in a third werewolves, and in yet another Jews. Drawing on instances from drama and other cultural forms, this thesis seeks to examine each of these phenomena in terms of their estrangement. There is a symbolic appositeness in each of these figures, whether in estranged and estranging minority groups, such as Catholics, Jesuits, Jews, Puritans, Italians, the Irish, and the Scots; or in transgressive behaviours, such as cross-dressing and gender trouble, infidelity and apostasy, intemperate passion and unnatural desire. Essentially unfixed and unstable, these emblematic figures are indicative of cultural uncertainty and therefore are easily adapted to suit changing political, religious, and social climates. However, adaptability and fluidity come at a price, since figures of difference have an uncomfortable way of transforming themselves into figures of resemblance. Thus, this thesis argues, each of these figuresowls, bearded women, werewolves, Jewsoccupies an undefined and undefinable space on the precarious boundary between the usual and the unusual, between the strange and the strangely familiar, and, most strangely and paradoxically of all, between us and them.
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Mansell, Charmian Holly. "Female servants in the early modern community : a study of church court depositions from the dioceses of Exeter and Gloucester, c.1550-1650." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26481.
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This thesis explores the demographic, geographical, economic and social experiences of service for early modern women. Considering service as a holistic experience, it challenges several orthodoxies in existing literature on service, including the typical profile of the female servant, the organisation and structure of service and the experiences of female servants in the early modern community. Using depositional evidence from the church courts of the dioceses of Gloucester and Exeter, it calls for a reinterpretation of service, reintegrating female servants into community economies and social networks. The first section of this thesis provides an outline of the methodology used and, importantly, analyses patterns of litigation and the demographic, social and economic profiles of witnesses and litigants who appeared in the church courts. The second section focuses on demographic and economic patterns of female service, demonstrating the significance of other experiences outside the ‘life-cycle’ model. It considers the economic conditions in which women entered service and the social backgrounds from which they came. The third section focuses on service as a form of work, unpicking what is meant by ‘service’, and considering how female servants found employment, how much they were paid and how long they remained with particular employers. The section challenges the traditional gendered dichotomy between service in husbandry and domestic service by analysing the types of work that they undertook. The fourth section considers female service from the perspective of geography and space, examining the distances travelled by female servants to show the varied experiences of mobility in service. The section also explores mobility on a parish level, exploring the spaces and locations in which female servants were described within the depositions to highlight the social and economic presence of these women within community spaces, not just the household. The final section moves away from the historiographical focus upon the relationships that female servants built with members of the household, in which the vulnerability of these women is consistently stressed. This section demonstrates that this was but one experience of service, and instead considers relationships forged outside the household with neighbours, friends and other community members.
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Whelan, Fiona Elizabeth. "Morals and manners in twelfth-century England : 'Urbanus Magnus' and courtesy literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ccb50b9-7e0e-49c8-b9c5-104dfefa3fea.
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This thesis investigates the twelfth-century Latin poem entitled Urbanus magnus or 'The Book of the Civilised Man', attributed to Daniel of Beccles. This is a poem dedicated to the cultivation of a civilised life, aimed primarily at clerics although its use extends to nobility, and specifically the noble householder. This thesis focuses on the text as a primary source for an understanding of social life in medieval England, and uses the content of the text to explore issues such as the medieval household, social hierarchy, the body, and food and diet. Urbanus magnus is commonly referred to as a 'courtesy text'. This thesis seeks to understand Urbanus magnus outside of that attribution, and to situate the text in the context of twelfth and thirteenth-century England. Thus far, scholarship of courtesy literature has focused on later texts such as thirteenth-century vernacular 'courtesy texts' or humanist works as exemplified by Erasmus's De civilitate morum puerilium. This scholarship looks back to the twelfth century and sees texts such as Urbanus magnus as 'early Latin courtesy texts'. This teleological view relegates such earlier texts to positions at the genesis of the genre and blindly assumes that they belong to the corpus of 'courtesy literature'. This neglects both their individual importance and their respective origins. This thesis examines Urbanus magnus as a didactic text which contains elements of 'courtesy literature', but also displays moral and ethical concerns. At the heart of the thesis is the question: should Urbanus magnus be considered as part of the genre of courtesy literature? This question does not have a simple answer, but this thesis shows that some elements and sections of Urbanus magnus do conform to the characteristics of courtesy literature. However, there are further sections that reflect other literary traditions. In addition to morals and ethics, Urbanus magus reflects other genres such as satire, and also reveals social issues in twelfth-century England such as the rise of anti-curiale sentiment and resentment of upward social mobility. This thesis provides an examination of Urbanus magnus through the most prevalent themes in the text. Firstly, it explores the dynamics of the medieval household, along with issues such as social mobility and hierarchy. Secondly, it focuses on the depiction of the body and bodily restraint, covering topics such as speech, bodily emissions, and sexual activity. Thirdly, it discusses food and diet, including table manners, food consumption, and dietary effects of foodstuffs. The penultimate chapter looks at the manuscript dissemination of the text to investigate the different uses which Urbanus magnus found in subsequent centuries. The delineation of Urbanus magnus as part of the genre of courtesy literature ignores the social, cultural, and literary impact on the creation of the text. In response, this thesis has two aims. The first is to minimise the notion of genre, and treat Urbanus magnus as a text in its own right, and as a product of the twelfth century. The second shows that Urbanus magnus reflects both continuity and change in society in England following the Norman Conquest.
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Gracia, Guillermina-Itzel de. "De Tierra Firme a Natá: La Retaguardia de la Conquista de Centro y Sudamérica (1501-1560)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672648.
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La dominación española en América se caracterizó por ser un proceso de ensayo y error, que se materializó en la sucesiva creación de ciudades, como espacios físicos donde debían adaptarse nuevos y diferentes modos de vida, a la vez que servían para concentrar a la mano de obra indígena a evangelizar. De esta manera, los conquistadores dominaron rápidamente la zona, mientras registraban información de carácter etnográfico sobre la población indígena y se cartografiaban los nuevos territorios.
Fundar ciudades fue decisivo para la conquista de las nuevas tierras. Los cambios drásticos para las poblaciones que entraron en “contacto” sucedieron en dos vías: la dominante y la dominada, aunque sin duda esta última se llevó la peor parte. Más de cinco siglos han pasado y todavía sigue despertando un gran entusiasmo en quienes nos encargamos de utilizar la historia como una herramienta para entender el presente de las sociedades.
Esta investigación se centra en indagar los primeros años de vida colonial de la Ciudad de Natá, fundada por Pedrarias Dávila, quien había llegado en 1513 a la zona del Darién con las ordenanzas establecidas por Rey Fernando, convirtiéndole en su representante en la Gobernación de Castilla del Oro de Tierra Firme. Los acontecimientos que aquí se narran revelan cómo en las primeras décadas del siglo XVI la principal máxima era poblar y es que “solo poblando, se conquistará la tierra”, como bien apuntó el historiador Francisco López de Gómara.
La ciudad de Santa María la Antigua del Darién fue el lugar para comenzar las expediciones de reconocimiento y es desde allí que en 1514 Gonzalo de Badajoz emprendió camino hacia el centro del istmo. Así es como otro colonizador de nombre Gaspar de Espinosa, con su título de alcalde mayor, siguió el sendero abierto por su antecesor. Las expediciones de Badajoz y Espinosa son referentes para conocer aquellas primeras pesquisas sobre Natá como cacique y cacicazgo; sus descripciones nos dan a conocer esa parte del istmo como una zona bien poblada y de fértiles suelos, siendo ambas características necesarias para la permanencia continua.
Quizás una de las mayores cualidades de la gestión de Pedrarias fuera su cautela, esto se asevera porque la segunda expedición de Espinosa de 1519 tenía una doble función: por un lado, obtener y hacer llegar rápidamente los alimentos a la recién fundada ciudad de Panamá; y por otro, ir consolidando la posibilidad de seleccionar el sitio ideal para fundar otra ciudad. Esto último, solo se podía garantizar tras la experiencia de haber vivido en esas tierras. Un año le tomó a la hueste de Espinosa comprobar las cualidades de la zona y asegurar el suministro de los suficientes bastimentos, necesarios para la manutención de los vecinos y de la gran Ciudad de Panamá.
Es así como el 20 de mayo de 1522, el mismísimo Pedrarias, en un evento protocolar, llevó a cabo la fundación de Natá, como la segunda ciudad del litoral del Mar del Sur. Este hecho ha llegado hasta nuestros días gracias a los sucesivos gobernantes que han resguardado y realizado oportunas y fieles transcripciones de su Acta de Fundación, documento valioso como ninguno, que nos permite hoy en día poder interpretar los acontecimientos que se llevaron a cabo hace ya casi 500 años.The City of Natá was founded on May 20th, 1522, by Pedrarias Dávila, Governor of Castilla del Oro. For a year before its foundation, the high mayor of said governorship, Gaspar de Espinosa, had been living there with his host of men to guarantee the good disposition of the land. In this area of the isthmus of Panamá where Natá is, there is evidence for human occupation from at least a thousand years before the arrival of the Spanish. At the moment of the invasion, the area was governed by chief Natá, whose name was kept when the colonial city was founded. This dissertation references that Prehispanic past and the transformation of the indigenous settlement into a colonial city. The official recording document of the foundation has been relied upon to partake in this historiographical narrative, which allows us to recreate the first moments of life of the city and analyze its purposes besides serving as a “granary city”. At the same time, this work analyzes the different depopulation periods, such as the most acute crisis the colonial city lived through in those first few years of life. In 1534 part of its inhabitants left for the conquest of Perú and in the mid-16th century the elimination of the indigenous “encomienda” system drove its citizens to live in their rural estates or farms, establishing new population strategies in the zone. Natá is located in the same place were it was founded by the Europeans almost 500 years ago. This research encourages us to reflect on how the reconstruction of historical memory can further the comprehension of the development of today’s Panamanian population.
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Van, Vleet Eric. "Truffles Have Never Been Modern: An Actor-Network Theorization of 150 Years of French Trufficulture." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3679.
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Contemporary scholars seeking to increase Tuber Melanosporum truffle production rely almost exclusively on technological advancements to increase yields, while failing to place the cultivation of truffles, trufficulture, in its historical or local landscape contexts. In this dissertation, I describe how truffle scholars’ conceptualization of trufficulture and landscapes has changed over 150 years in France, while focusing on the French département of Lot. I examine changing relations between humans and nonhumans and how they impact truffle harvests. I analyzed the history of French trufficulture through a close reading of historic truffle manuals, archival research and the classification of remotely sensed images. Shifting from the past to the present, from July 2014-August 2016, I conducted semi-structured survey interviews with working truffle-growers (trufficulteurs) and participant observation at meetings of trufficulteurs, truffle hunts and truffle markets. I utilize actor-network theory (ANT) as both a theory and methodology. Actor-network theory allowed me to follow the impacts made by both humans and nonhumans on trufficulture. I found that truffle harvests in the 1880s dropped by 90%. Highly populated, intensively worked landscapes of viticulture, silvopastoralism and cereal cultivation created conditions suitable to truffles. By the 1870s the phylloxera aphid ravaged grapevines, which made trufficulture an important source of revenue. These advantageous conditions would not last. Post-WWI, yields fell for decades because of an ongoing rural population exodus and consequent agricultural abandonment, which promoted reforestation and closed canopy forests in Lot, France. By the 1960s, French trufficulteurs organized associations to share knowledge and promote local truffle markets to revive production. Trufficulteurs’ utilization of tractors, ‘inoculated’ plants and irrigation systems produced a new form of “modern” trufficulture. State subsidies helped trufficulteurs adopt “modern” practices, in hopes of increasing yields. “Modern” trufficulture has not dramatically increased yields. A few highly-capitalized trufficulteurs dominate production in Lot. Many others practice trufficulture as a hobby. Instead of relying on “modern” technological fixes, my findings suggest that trufficulteurs, farmers and states should reinvigorate extensive polyculture farming practices that maintain open canopy forests, which were beneficial to trufficulture in the past. Actor-network theory allowed me to rethink human and nonhuman relations, and to propose alternatives to “modern” trufficulture.
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Gandelman, Luciana Mendes. "Mulheres para um imperio : orfãs e caridade nos recolhimentos femininos da Santa Casa de Misericordia (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Porto - seculo XVIII)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279860.
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Orientador: Leila Mezan AlgrantiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gandelman_LucianaMendes_D.pdf: 1139080 bytes, checksum: 42e240d59bcbfe48f01c7ef9a7fe02fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Ao longo do século XVIII um número crescente de instituições, tanto no Reino como em Ultramar, voltou-se para o recolhimento e dotação de meninas órfãs. A maioria destes recolhimentos estava sob a administração da irmandade da Misericórdia. As Santas Casas da Misericórdia eram irmandades leigas, de direto patrocínio régio, restritas a homens que se organizavam em torno da realização de obras de caridade. Criada originalmente em Portugal, sua influência e poderio se espalhou por todo império português, tornando-as palco das disputas em torno da expressão da caridade pessoal, de estratégias locais de poder e clientelismo e de projetos de colonização. Através da comparação dos casos dos recolhimentos do Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Porto a presente tese procura discutir o auxílio prestado às órfãs conjugando as implicações religiosas e morais, os valores e as relações de poder e hierarquia social que estavam em jogo no estabelecimento e funcionamento dessas instituições de recolhimento e casamento de meninas órfãs presentes no Reino e no Ultramar
Abstract: Throughout the XVIII century an increasing number of institutions, both in Portugal and overseas, began to shelter and to give out dowries to orphan girls. Most of theses shelters were managed by the Irmandade da Misericórdia. The Santas Casas da Misericórdia were lay brotherhood under the auspices of the Portuguese Crown. They were restricted to male individuals who aimed to carry out charitable work. Originally created in Portugal, its power and influence were spread throughout the Portuguese empire. The present thesis focuses on the comparative analysis of the shelters established in Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Porto
Doutorado
Doutor em História
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Tissot, Allan. "Une abbaye de renom à l'époque moderne : l'Abbaye aux Dames de Saintes (fin du XVe siècle - début XIXe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909678.
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Entre la fin du Moyen Âge et la Révolution, l'histoire de l'abbaye de Saintes, deuxième communauté féminine de France par ses revenus, grand seigneur de sa province, s'avère incontournable tant pour la connaissance des communautés religieuses que celle de la Saintonge. Avoir recours aux actes notariaux et à toutes les sources externes disponibles permet de pallier la destruction des archives du monastère à la Révolution pour en établir une histoire globale.Le pouvoir royal ne parvient à y imposer la nomination des abbesses qu'en 1544, laissant se mettre en place une longue dynastie de supérieures de lignages du Sud-ouest. Après l'échec, en 1511 et 1530, de deux réformes de la communauté imposées par les autorités civiles, suite à une longue préparation dès le XVIe siècle, Françoise II de Foix, réussit durablement à mettre fin à des abus remontant au Moyen Âge. Rapportés par un journal janséniste, les épisodes mystiques extrêmes vécus par les moniales (1777-1787) défraient la chronique. Révélant l'isolement spirituel d'une communauté contemplative à l'époque des Lumières, ils sont riches de sens pour la connaissance de l'existence de pratiques surannées et de l'évolution des mentalités. C'est l'occasion pour l'évêque et la noblesse locale d'un projet de remplacement de l'abbaye par un chapitre de chanoinesses. Si des filles de parlementaires puis de négociants entrèrent à l'abbaye respectivement aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, la vieille noblesse du Centre-ouest domina constamment l'effectif. La prise d'habit doit être située dans le cadre de stratégies familiales et servait à marquer une ascension sociale lignagère. Toute-puissance des abbesses, moniales vivant dans un relatif confort, la lecture tenant une grande place. Faisant preuve de ferveur, l'abbaye reçoit les courants spirituels successifs. A la Renaissance, elle protège des humanistes. Au XVIIe siècle, elle adhère de manière passionnée au jansénisme puis suit la voie du rigorisme avant de choisir une direction jésuite. Le monastère conserve son patrimoine à l'issue de nombreux procès. Il mène une politique de charité limitée eu égard à ses revenus mais s'avérant efficace. S'appuyant sur des receveurs ou des fermiers bien renseignées et ambitieux, il met en valeur efficacement ses biens, développant les brûleries à Oléron et faisant précocement assécher des marais en Poitou au prix de conflits. Les fermiers, souvent des proches des abbesses, connaissent une ascension qui les amènera à occuper les principales fonctions politiques après la Révolution, établissant ainsi une continuité inattendue entre Ancien et Nouveau Régime.
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Fersing, Antoine. "Idoines et suffisant : les officiers d'Etat et l'extension des droits du Prince en Lorraine ducale (début du XVIe siècle - 1633)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG009.
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Entre le début du XVIe siècle et le commencement de la guerre de Trente Ans en Lorraine, en 1633, les conditions d’exercice du pouvoir d’État se transforment profondément dans les duchés de Lorraine et de Bar : un droit écrit et des procédures judiciaires formalisées sont élaborés, un impôt permanent est créé et une armée régulière est mise sur pieds. Ces évolutions impliquent une augmentation du nombre des officiers qui composent le service du Prince, officiers dont il est possible de connaître la carrière grâce aux lettres patentes de provision en office et aux registres des comptes depuis lesquels ils sont rémunérés. Pour ces hommes, le service du Prince est l’occasion d’un enrichissement personnel et d’un avancement dans la société lorraine, aussi s’efforcent-ils d’étendre les droits de leur maître pour obtenir de lui des faveurs diverses (dons, pensions,anoblissement, érections de terres en fief noble, etc.). À mesure que le nombre et la technicité des affaires à traiter s’accroissent, le Prince laisse à ces hommes une autonomie accrue, ce qui modifie considérablement les modalités de fonctionnement de l’État ducalBetween the first years of the 16th century and the beginning of the Thirty Years War in Lorraine, in 1633, the shape of State power is deeply transformed in the duchies of Lorraine and Bar: a written law and judicial proceedings are defined, a system of permanent taxation is established and a standing army is raised. All these evolutions implies a higher number of State officers, for whom careers in the service of the prince can be known using the letters establishing them in office as well as the account books recording the payment of their wages. For those men, the service of the prince can be a mean to get rich and to improve their social position, which is the reason why they try to extend the rights of their master, hoping that he will reward them with favours (such as bounties, pensions, letters of ennoblement, conversions of land in fiefs, etc.). As the number and the technicality of the cases involving the State raise, the prince gives to those men an increasing autonomy, which leads to a drastic change in the operating processes of the ducal State
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Allsopp, Niall. "Turncoat poets of the English Revolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72c956c3-ec8b-4b07-ad91-a05b0e72fd39.
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Edmund Waller, William Davenant, Andrew Marvell, and Abraham Cowley were royalist poets who changed sides following the English Revolution, attracted to Cromwellian military power, and the reforming aims of the Independents. This thesis contributes to existing scholarship by showing that the poets engaged strongly with theories of allegiance, self-consciously returning to first principles - the natures of sovereignty and obligation - to develop a concept of allegiance that was contingent and transferrable. Their crucial influence was Hobbes. Hobbes collapsed partisan perspectives into a general theory of sovereignty constituted by a de facto protective and coercive power; this was grounded on a psychological analysis of humans' restless appetite for power. The poets' approach to Hobbes was crucially mediated by Machiavelli, who provided a less abstract account of the relationship between individual agency and collective institutions, and whose concept of virtù offered a model for how restless ambition could be harnessed to political order. An introductory chapter sketches out the intellectual background to this body of theory and reflects on the methods used to show how the poets dramatized it in their works. Chapter two considers the disintegration of Waller's courtly poetry under the pressure of civil war, and his resulting turn to rationalist theory. Chapters three and four focus on the immediate aftermath of the revolution, considering the synthesis of Hobbes' and Machiavelli's theories of military power ventured by Davenant, and the influence of Davenant's ideas on Marvell's Machiavellianism. Chapter five focuses on Cowley and his more religiously-inflected account of Hobbesian psychology and political obligations. Chapter six asks how the poets responded to the Restoration of Charles II, and in particular charts their influence on the younger poet John Dryden. With their emphasis on materialist psychology, the turncoat poets abandoned allegory in favour of a mode of dramatization which observed the contingent circumstances in which allegiances could be generated, dissolved, and transferred. They possessed a political conservatism, but a conceptual radicalism which presented a serious challenge to Anglican and constitutionalist discourses of Stuart monarchy.
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Malinowski, Teresa. "La République de Pologne dans les imprimés français (1573-1795) : penser les relations entre gouvernants et gouvernés à l’époque moderne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100026/document.
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La République de Pologne-Lituanie, par sa forme de gouvernement unique, a suscité l’intérêt d’auteurs français fondamentaux tels que Théodore de Bèze, Jean Bodin, Montesquieu, Voltaire et Jean-Jacques Rousseau, mais aussi de penseurs aujourd’hui moins connus, comme Jean Boucher, Claude de Rubis ou Nicolas Baudeau. La Pologne apparaît dans la littérature politique française dès 1573, date à laquelle Henri de Valois fut élu roi de Pologne, jusqu’en 1795, moment de la disparition de la carte de l’Europe de l’État polono-lituanien. Malgré cette présence continue, elle ne fut que très peu étudiée dans l’historiographie française. Pourtant, elle représente une clé de lecture passionnante pour éclairer les débats politiques français de l’époque moderne, ce qu’entreprend de démontrer cette thèseThe Republic of Poland-Lithuania, with its unique form of government, aroused the interest of fundamental French authors such as Théodore de Bèze, Jean Bodin, Montesquieu, Voltaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but also the attention of less known thinkers like Jean Boucher, Claude de Rubis or Nicolas Baudeau. Poland appeared in French political literature in 1573, when Henri of Valois was elected king of Poland, until 1795, when the Polish-Lithuanian state disappeared from the map of Europe. Despite this continuous presence, it has been insufficiently analyzed in the French historiography. Yet, it represents a fascinating key for reading the French political debates of the modern era. This thesis aims at demonstrating it
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Montojo, Montojo Vicente. "Cartagena a principios de la edad moderna, (1500-1580) : comportamientos económicos y sociales de la evolución de una ciudad portuaria del sudeste español y su comarca." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96087.
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A partir del análisis de la evolución demográfica experimentada por la población de Cartagena entre 1480 y 1650, aproximadamente, caracterizada por un largo periodo de crecimiento (1480-1620). Se profundiza en las derivaciones económicas y sociales de dicha evolución. En la primera parte, tras el análisis demográfico, se procede a la explicación de las diversas coyunturas de cada actividad economía, desde la agricultura, la ganadería y la pesca, hasta el artesanado y el comercio, abordando los problemas del crecimiento de efectivos humanos y de la producción junto con los componentes que en ellos inciden (problemas de los coste en la expansión agrícola, de los arrendamientos de pastos en la actividad ganadera), y los conflictos que de ellos derivan. La industria artesanal se caracteriza, por contraste, en una gran debilidad de efectivos y una escasa organización gremial que no logra impedir la formación a finales del XVI de una industria más libre y de tipo portuario (jabonerías, tenerías, hornos bizcocheros, etc.). El comercio por su parte, muestra una evolución singular en tres etapas: una de escaso crecimiento (1520-1560) y otra de recesión (1620-60). Aparte de los elementos que caracterizan a esta evolución, como la progresiva instalación de genoveses, que se intensifica entre 1560 y 1620.
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Robson, Eleanor Dezateux. "Improvement and environmental conflict in the northern fens, 1560-1665." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290033.
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This thesis examines 'improvement' of wetland commons in early modern England as a contested process of rapid environmental change. As a flagship project of agrarian improvement, drainage sought to alchemise pastoral fen commons into arable enclosed terra firma and promised manifold benefits for crown, commoners, and commonwealth alike. In practice, however, improvement schemes generated friction between the political and fiscal agendas of governors and projectors and local communities' customary ways of knowing and using wetland commons, provoking the most sustained and violent agrarian unrest of the seventeenth century. This thesis situates the first state-led drainage project in England, in the northern fens of Hatfield Level, in the context of the local politics of custom, national legal and political developments, and international movements of capital, expertise, and refugees; all of which intersected to reshape perceptions and management of English wetlands. Drawing on the analytic perspectives of environmental history, this thesis explores divergent ideas and practices generating conflict over the making of private property, reorganisation of flow, and reconfiguration of lived environments. This thesis argues that different 'environing' practices - both mental and material - distinguished what was seen as an ordered or disordered landscape, determined when and how water was understood as a resource or risk, and demarcated different scales and forms of intervention. Rival visions of the fenscape, ways of knowing land and water, and concepts of value and justice were productive of, and produced by, different practices of management, ownership, and use. Drainage disputes therefore crossed different spheres of discourse and action, spanning parliament, courtroom, and commons to bring improvement into dialogue with fen custom and generate a contentious environmental politics. In seven substantive chapters, this thesis investigates how improvement was imagined, legitimised, and enacted; how fen communities experienced and navigated rapid environmental transformation; and how political, social, and spatial boundaries were reforged in the process. By grounding improvement in the early modern fenscape, this thesis reintegrates agency into accounts of inexorable socio-economic change, illuminates ideas at work in social contexts, and deepens understandings of environmental conflict.
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Geschwind, Rachel L. "MAGDALENE IMAGERY AND PROSTITUTION REFORM IN EARLY MODERN VENICE AND ROME, 1500-1700." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1302019358.
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Andrieu, Elodie. "Le choix du régime politique dans les temps modernes : Machiavel et sa postérité (XVIE-XVIIIE siècles)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32094.
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Les récentes révolutions du « Printemps des pays arabes » attestent de la vivacité de l’idéal démocratique. Or ce régime est caractéristique d’une manière philosophique de penser le droit et les institutions. En effet, il se conforme mieux que nul autre à l’essence de l’Homme. Alors, malgré le succès des méthodes quantitatives en sciences humaines et l’autonomie désormais incontestée de la science du politique, nos temps contemporains seraient les héritiers d’une vision métaphysique plutôt que scientifique de la matière politique. Pourtant, la thèse explore l’histoire de la première « science des institutions » qui naît et se développe dans les Temps Modernes. Courant méconnu au cœur de l’histoire des institutions, ses tenants sont pourtant des figures incontournables et emblématiques de la pensée politique moderne, qu’il s’agisse de Machiavel, Hobbes, Montesquieu ou encore Hume. La thèse dévoile alors l’ambitieux projet de ces penseurs : proposer des institutions adaptées à la variété des mœurs, des histoires et des sociétés qu’ils étudient. Le choix du régime politique se doit d’être à la fois respectueux de l’humain et adapté à la variété des populations existantes. Dès lors l’universel et le particulier se rejoignent pour servir la première « science » de la Modernité. La thèse serpente les siècles et le continent européen. Au bout de son périple, une rencontre surprenante : celle de philosophes fascinés par les découvertes de ces premiers scientifiques du politique. De cette rencontre devait naître un nouveau régime politique, différent de son homologue athénien : la Démocratie moderneThe recent revolutions of the « Arab Spring » attest of the vivacity of the democratic ideal. Yet, this regime is characterised by a philosophical questioning on law and on institutions. In fact, it fits better than any other regime the essence of mankind. So despite the success of quantitative methods and the now undisputed autonomy of political sciences, modern times inherited a metaphysical point of view rather than a scientific way to address political questioning. However, the thesis explores the history of the first “science of institutions” that was born and developed in Modernity. Unknown current in the history of institutions, its proponents are paradoxically emblematic figures of modern political thinking, such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Montesquieu or even Hume. The thesis unveils their ambitious project: to propose institutions adapted to the variety of the customs, behaviours, histories of the societies they study. The choice of the political regime should be respectful of human nature and at the same time adapted to the variety of the existing people. Therefore, the universal and the specific merge in order to serve the first real science of the modern era. The thesis research progresses through Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries. At the end of its journey: a surprising encounter: the meeting of philosophers fascinated by the discoveries of these first political scientists. This encounter bore a new type of political regime, different from its Athenian counterpart: modern Democracy
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Lecoutre, Matthieu. "Ivresse et ivrognerie dans la France moderne (XVIème - XVIIIème siècles)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562667.
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Du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, une culture de l'enivrement héritée, mémorielle et complaisante est fortement enracinée dans le royaume. La société considère que l'enivrement collectif, festif et sociabilisant est permis. Mais de nombreux opposants réprouvent l'ivresse et l'ivrognerie. Dans la France moderne, monarchie absolue de droit divin en construction, l'opposition fondamentale provient des pouvoirs religieux et civils. L'enivrement apparaît, selon les cas, comme un péché ou comme une faute plus ou moins grave qui pousse à en commettre d'autres. À partir de 1536, la correspondance est faite entre le péché et le crime : s'enivrer devient un crime secondaire et intermédiaire. Mais, face à la force de la culture de l'enivrement, les autorités religieuses et politiques agissent avec pragmatisme et n'essayent pas d'éradiquer réellement l'ivresse et l'ivrognerie du royaume. Malgré le développement parallèle de discours moraux, économiques et médicaux qui font de l'ivresse et de l'ivrognerie des vices, des dépenses ruineuses et des maladies, la sobriété ne triomphe pas à l'époque moderne. Au contraire, du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, s'enivrer est de plus en plus fréquent. L'enivrement d'Ancien Régime se déroule essentiellement le dimanche, de l'après-midi au cœur de la nuit, et dans les cabarets. Il touche surtout des hommes de vingt à trente-quatre ans, paysans ou artisans. Mais toutes les catégories sociales sont concernées. La pluralité et la concomitance des normes religieuses, juridiques, morales, économiques, médicales et sociales, parfois contradictoires et souvent évolutives, compliquent l'opposition et favorisent le compromis.
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Botelho, Lynn Ann. "English housewives in theory and practice, 1500-1640." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4293.
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Women in early modem England were expected to marry, and then to become housewives. Despite the fact that nearly fifty percent of the population was in this position, little is known of the expectations and realities of these English housewives. This thesis examines both the expectations and actual lives of middling sort and gentry women in England between 1500 and 1640.
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Phillips, Harriet. "Uses of the popular past in early modern England, 1510-c.1611." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648360.
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Streete, Adrian George Thomas. "Calvinism, subjectivity and early modern drama." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12800.
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This thesis examines the connections between Calvinism and early modern subjectivity as expressed in the drama produced during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. By looking at a range of theological, medical, popular, legal and polemical writings, the thesis aims to provide a new historical and theoretical reading of Calvinist subjectivity that both develops and departs from previous scholarship in the field. Chapter one examines the critical question of 'authority' in early modern Europe. I trace the various classical and medieval antecedents that reinscribed Christ with political authority during the period, and show how the Reformers' conception of conscience arises out of this movement. In chapter two, I offer a parallel reading of Reformed semiotics in relation to the individual's response to two specific loci of power, the Church and the stage. Chapter three brings the first two chapters together by outlining the development of Calvinist doctrine in early modem England. Chapter four offers a theoretical reading of the early modern 'unconscious' in relation to the construction of England as a Protestant nation state against the threat of Catholicism. In the next four chapters, I show how the stage provided the arena for the exploration of Calvinist subjectivities through readings of four early modern plays. Chapter five deals with Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus and in particular the Calvinist conception of Christ interrogated throughout the play. Chapter six looks at The Revenger's Tragedy in relation to the question of masculine lineage and the Name-of-the-(Calvinist)-Father. Finally, in chapters seven and eight, I examine two of William Shakespeare's plays, Macbeth and Antony and Cleopatra. In the first, I demonstrate how the play's concern with witchcraft brings about a parody of providential discourse that is crucial to an understanding of Macbeth's subjectivity. And in the second, I excavate the use of the biblical book of Revelation in Antony and Cleopatra in order to show how an understanding of the text's 'religious' concerns problematises more mainstream readings of the drama.
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Laughton, Jane. "Aspects of the social and economic history of late medieval Chester, 1350-c.1500." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273128.
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Walker, Garthine Melissa. "Crime, gender and social order in early modern Cheshire." Thesis, Online version, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.240797.
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Murray, Kylie Marie. "Dream and vision in Scotland, c.1375-1500." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669934.
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Canepari, Eleonora. "La construction du pouvoir local : élites municipales, relations sociales et transactions économiques dans la Rome moderne (1550-1650)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675360.
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La thèse a pour objet les liens entre l'élite municipale de Rome et les classes " populaires " au cours des XVIe et XVIIe siècle. On se propose de montrer que les liens qui unissaient l'élite à la population des quartiers ont joué un rôle fondamental dans le processus de construction du pouvoir local et d'accès au pouvoir politique municipal. Le travail s'attache à démontrer que la base locale du pouvoir municipal était constituée par les élites à la faveur des transactions tant économiques que sociales qu'elles passaient avec la population des quartiers : locations, échanges commerciaux, services domestiques, embauches de salariés, etc. Ces relations se développaient autour du patrimoine immobilier et foncier, et particulièrement autour du complexe résidentiel des familles de l'élite. Dans la Rome des siècles XVIe et XVIIe, la classe nobiliaire municipale était caractérisée par une forte mobilité sociale ainsi que par son ouverture à de nouveaux arrivants ; d'où l'absence d'une définition univoque et explicite du " gentilhomme ", ainsi que d'une liste d'inscription des membres de l'élite (le livre d'or de la noblesse romaine ne fut établi qu'en 1746). Pour obtenir un office municipal, le candidat était censé être un " homme illustre " du quartier où il résidait : mais par qui la qualité d'illustre était-elle conférée ? Auprès de qui le candidat devait-il être connu, et reconnu, en tant que gentilhomme ? Ce travail voudrait mettre en évidence le rôle joué par les échanges entre le " haut " et le " bas " du monde social urbain dans le processus de construction du pouvoir local et donc, en dernière analyse, dans la formation des élites : les charges politiques du Capitole ne seraient que la formalisation d'une autorité effective qui se construisait et s'exerçait tout d'abord dans le territoire. Une formalisation certainement importante si l'on considère que l'obtention d'un office municipal se voyait retenue comme une preuve de noblesse. On voit donc très clairement l'intérêt que les candidats au Capitole avaient à se construire une base de pouvoir local. Ce travail s'insère dans le contexte historiographique de la micro-histoire. Il met en oeuvre un cadre interprétatif qui se nourrit de concepts et modèles empruntés à l'anthropologie politique, et notamment ceux qui décrivent le pourvoir comme une construction relationnelle. La nature relationnelle du pouvoir est le point de départ des études qui ont identifié des modèles de gestion du pouvoir centrés sur les individus, dont l'autorité est construite et reconnue tout d'abord au sein d'un réseau social particulier. Trois modèles ont été particulièrement utiles pour étudier les élites de la Rome moderne : en ordre croissant d'importance, la relation patron-client, l'entrepreneur et le big-man. Plan de la thèse : Une première partie présente certains des éléments-clés de la recherche, ainsi que les débats historiographiques dont ils font l'objet : le patriciat urbain (chapitre I), le fonctionnement du gouvernement municipal (chapitre II) et les modèles de carrières municipales (chapitre III). Cette partie a semblé nécessaire afin d'introduire des concepts et des catégories - telles que l'élite municipale, le Capitole et les carrières politiques - qui sont centrales dans l'ensemble de ce travail. Avec la deuxième partie, on aborde la construction du pouvoir local, en analysant l'ancrage des acteurs dans le quartier d'un point de vue socio-topographique. Les chapitres IV et V analysent la présence des familles de la noblesse municipale dans l'espace du quartier, en se focalisant sur le palais - et ce qui l'a précédé, le complexe résidentiel médiéval -, et ceux qui y habitaient et qui le fréquentaient. Le but est de montrer que, tout au long de la période examinée, le palais a continué d'être un centre d'agrégation d'un groupe informel qui se créait autour du noble, selon un modèle qui peut évoquer, mutatis mutandis, les fiefs urbains de la Rome médiévale. Dans le chapitre V, on étudie aussi le rôle topographique du palais sur les alentours, et la formation d'îlots, des espaces semi-privés de " propriété " de la famille. Les formes de l'autorité personnelle et son rôle dans les quartiers sont décrits dans le chapitre VI, qui présente les différents moyens mis en œuvre pour garder l'emprise sur le territoire : de la violence à la charité. Avec la troisième partie, on aborde le sujet des transactions économiques et sociales qui liaient les membres de l'élite municipale aux habitants des quartiers, pour montrer la logique sociale des échanges. On a découpé le thème en trois chapitres, qui portent sur les biens immobiliers et les relations entre locataires et propriétaires (chapitre VII), la gestion de domaines et vignes et les rapports avec les salariés (chapitre VIII) et les relations de crédit (chapitre IX). Enfin, une quatrième partie est consacrée à une étude de cas, celui de la famille Velli et du quartier Trastevere. Le rione a été choisi parce qu'il était le plus " populaire " de la ville, un territoire urbain à vocation agricole et commerciale. Les Velli y étaient parmi les familles les plus importantes. Divisée en deux chapitres (le X, qui traite de l'ancrage de la famille dans le quartier et le XI qui porte sur les transactions des Velli avec les habitants du Trastevere), cette dernière partie voudrait reprendre l'ensemble des aspects du modèle qui ont été présentés au cours de la thèse, autour d'un cas familial. Ce faisant, on souhaité proposer une vue d'ensemble des mécanismes de construction du pouvoir local au sein d'un quartier.
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Pearce, Michael. "Vanished comforts : locating roles of domestic furnishings in Scotland, 1500-1650." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/30341c43-2f2d-48d9-a893-7dd9c8b9a13b.
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Household inventories record objects that can be compared with surviving artefacts contributing to the study of material culture and social history. However, this thesis shows how heterogeneous inventories found in early modern Scottish sources resist quantification and aggregation. Instead, qualitative use of inventory evidence is advocated. Inventories can contribute information on the locations of activities in the home. These activities may be preferred to the object as evidence of historical change and as units of international comparison. Furnishing a house was cultural activity, and a construction of culture. In this study, objects are regarded as participants in cultural activities, strategies, and the construction of values. Sixteenth-century inventories are often impersonal and tend to show similarities in content, encouraging mechanistic interpretations of domestic life. The seventeenth century saw a proliferation of household equipment and furnishing for elites throughout Europe due to changes in production and consumerism. Some of this new furnishing was bought in London, some in France. While national difference was apparently maintained in architecture, new furnishings may have effaced distinctions within elite rooms. Scottish and English culture was merged by aristocratic intermarriage. This new culture is seen in the inventories of Mary, dowager Countess of Home. She maintained houses in England and Scotland. Some of her furnishings represented the style of an inner circle at court. Her inventories are also significant because they detailed equipment for a range of activities. She personally prepared medicines and sweetmeats, and had a number of scientific instruments. Pursuits reconstructed from the detail of later inventories can illuminate other domestic situations where clues are more subtle or absent. The level of autonomy Lady Home and her daughters exercised over their homes is a reminder of the agency exercised by women over furnishings, gardens, architecture, and estate policy.
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Nielson, James. "Elizabethan realisms : reading prose from the end of the century." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74597.
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This thesis basically has a twofold aim: on the one hand, to make a somewhat neglected body of Renaissance prose more readable, by adding, in a punctual and miscellaneous manner, to our historical, philological and thematic understanding of it and by examining it in the light of some of our current theoretical preoccupations; and, on the other hand, to problematize the "realistic" rubric assigned to these works and to do so by cultivating a more thoroughgoing textual realism on the part of readers.These works, traditionally grouped together because of the interaction of their authors at the end of the 16th century, include Robert Greene's "cony-catching" and "confessional" pamphlets, the texts of the controversy between Thomas Nashe and Gabriel Harvey, and Harvey's manuscript drafts, as well as more familiar works such as Nashe's Unfortunate Traveller.
The theoretical issue of "the real" as a textual effect has been divided up according to the three nominal categories of persons, places and things, but the thesis falls methodologically into two halves. The opening chapters aim at reintroducing the figures of Greene, Nashe and Harvey, and exploring the quasi-genres of confession, invective and rough draft as exemplary models of the textual construction of a realistic person. They also attempt an alternative form of reading which is an amalgam of cento, summary, close reading, theoretical aside, and running commentary. In the second half, microreadings of the Marprelate Tracts, the cony-catching pamphlets, and texts by Nashe are used to shed light on theoretical issues of textual "place" such as the rhetorical construction of "presence" and metaphorical "movement." Once the relationship between premodern and postmodern textuality has been sketched, the final chapter offers a critique of the unreflexive academic practice of doing "readings," and argues for a new literalism and the self-subversion of the figurative in an "extrarhetorical" reading of Nashe's Lenten Stuffe.
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Anderson, Jennifer Lee. "Gender role construction, morality and social norms in early modern Russia." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394475979534.
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Majumdar, Jeeon Kumar. "Social Knowledge and Globalization." Thesis, Prescott College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539490.
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An individual narrative relating subjective experience with communal social norms and practices is the modern way of understanding identity. Modern science also bridges the gap between a subjective experience and theoretical knowledge. In translating from the micro-social level of direct experience to the macro-social or collective experience, the particular and the subjective tend to be drowned out by conceptual totalities. Consumer capitalism however, at its extreme virtual limits, makes subjective experience central, and pushes metaphysical idealism back. The artist's knowledge, acquired through the juxtaposition of the human self at its most intimate level with the general or objective order of materials, also erodes a modern metaphysics. Language in psychoanalysis allows us to engage in self-identification and discover the subject within the spoken or written word by uncovering traces of an illicit desire that is repressed in metaphysics and rationalism. Psychoanalysis provides insight into how the decoded social space of capitalist production can be reconfigured as a meaningful space of subjective desire. Today's ubiquitous digital discourse, coupled with the universality of a machine time in the increasingly mechanized market, gives us globalization. A form of consciousness defined by the operations of the market recognizes the interwoven functions of humans and technologies/materials in a wide and complex production—including economic and social/cultural aspects. Outside of the dialectical structure of modern knowledge, social identity can only be a temporary coalescence of a subject that is staked upon a set of events of a specific and foundational significance. As a modern polarity of identity and negation is closed with globalization, social identity becomes situated with respect to a global information economy that increasingly reflects, not commodity objects and alienated subjects, but difference as such: capitalist production is nothing but the unbreakable rhythm that rearticulates a homogeneous Globality with each of its cycles. Under these conditions, otherness is an intelligible difference, rather than a repressed periphery of the ego ideal. As difference or alterity beyond the identity of subject and object, the Other is the counterpart of the void that is subjectivity itself. In the knowledge economy primarily constituted as the production of difference, subjectivity and otherness are modalities of a more thorough ecological integration with the environment.
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Bider, Noreen Jane. "Tudor metrical psalmody and the English Reformations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/NQ50115.pdf.
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Romero, Ramírez Martha Elena. "Limp, laced-case binding in parchment on sixteenth-century Mexican printed books." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2013. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/6224/.
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With the arrival of the Spaniards in the New World, the way of living of the indigenous population who habited Mesoamerica was blended with the traditions and customs of the European settlers who arrived as conquerors, and the emigrants from Europe that arrivedlater searching for fortune or a better kind of life from the one they had left behind in their land of origin. This encounter of cultures gave rise also to a technical and cultural exchange, and in the case of Mexico, this clash of cultures and techniques is well represented by the printing press, which was established in 1539 with the specific aim of accelerating the evangelisation and education of the Indians. As a consequence of this development, Mexico was turned into a centre of innovation, with the first printing press using movable metal type to be set up outside Europe, and other trades that support printing, such as bookbinding, were also developed. This thesis investigates the influence of the Spanish and other European bookbinding practices on sixteenth-century Mexican limp, laced-case parchment bindings by the analysis of the features of the bindings of Mexican printed books from that period. In addition, by the analysis of the materials and techniques used to bind these books, as well as the specific structural characteristics of the bindings, the patterns of work that could be described as typically Mexican in the sixteenth-century, are also identified. The research is divided into two parts: the first, theoretical, explains the historical context of Mexico during the sixteenth century when the printing press and bookbinding were developed. The second part concerns the archaeological study of the books as artefacts. For this purpose, thirty-nine sixteenth-century Mexican printed books bound in limp, laced caseparchment covers were analysed. The analysis of the features of these bindings, which form the majority of the whole sample, made possible the identification of Mexican patterns of work in the sixteenth century. Given the lack of information and of complete studies of the craft of bookbinding in Mexico in the sixteenth century, this thesis aims to enhance our current knowledge of the historyof bookbinding as well as of the booktrade and the market for books in Mexico.
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Wong, Alexander Tsiong. "Aspects of the kiss-poem 1450-1700 : the neo-Latin basium genre and its influence on early modern British verse." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708782.
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Puentes-Blanco, Andrea. "Música y devoción en Barcelona (ca. 1550-1626): Estudio de libros de polifonía, contextos y prácticas musicales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666286.
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Esta Tesis Doctoral estudia los libros manuscritos de polifonía sacra renacentista copiados entre ca. 1550 y 1626 que se conservan en dos bibliotecas de Barcelona, examina su repertorio y explora su relación con la vida musical en Barcelona durante ese periodo. Esta investigación se centra en dos áreas hasta ahora insuficientemente consideradas en los estudios sobre la música en Barcelona durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y principios del siglo XVII: por un lado, los libros de polifonía conservados, que carecen, la mayoría, de estudios exhaustivos y actualizados, y, por otro, la exploración de la vida musical religiosa en la ciudad adoptando una perspectiva urbana, distinta al enfoque institucional y biográfico que ha prevalecido en trabajos previos.
La Tesis consta de cuatro capítulos estructurados en dos partes (Volumen I: Estudio), y de diecisiete apéndices (Volumen II: Apéndices). La Parte I (Capítulos I y
II) está dedicada al estudio de los libros manuscritos de polifonía de la época que se conservan en bibliotecas de Barcelona y de su repertorio. El Capítulo I investiga en detalle veinte manuscritos de polifonía sacra (ca. 1550-1626) de la Biblioteca de Catalunya y del Centre de Documentació de l’Orfeó Català. Cada manuscrito se analiza a partir de su codicología y de su contenido musical, lo que conduce a presentar hipótesis razonadas sobre su origen y cronología. Los veinte libros analizados muestran conexiones con instituciones eclesiásticas de Barcelona, pero también con otras localidades de Cataluña: Vic, Mataró, Tarragona, La Seu d’Urgell, Girona y Castelló d’Empúries. El Capítulo II estudia las características y circulación de la polifonía sacra en Cataluña entre ca. 1550-1626 a través de las más de 500 obras copiadas en los manuscritos estudiados; el Capítulo se organiza por géneros musicales: misas, motetes, salmos, himnos, magníficats, antífonas, pasiones, lamentaciones y responsorios. Este estudio se complementa también con la evidencia que proporcionan tanto inventarios de libros redactados en la época como los 119 libros impresos de polifonía conservados en bibliotecas de Barcelona.
La Parte II (Capítulos III y IV) explora la vida musical religiosa en la ciudad. El Capítulo III muestra cómo el estatus privilegiado de la Catedral respecto al resto de instituciones eclesiásticas de la ciudad se concretó en prerrogativas específicas en materia musical, litúrgica y ceremonial. Mediante el análisis de los calendarios litúrgicos diocesanos y otras fuentes se realiza una aproximación a cómo los cambios litúrgicos propugnados por el Concilio de Trento incidieron a nivel local, y se explora la presencia de la música en el ceremonial de la Catedral, enfatizando la proyección que éste tenía en el espacio urbano. A continuación, se estudian, por una parte, el rol de la música en distintas tipologías de ceremonial funerario y, por otra, rituales festivos, de acción de gracias y de rogativas en los que el canto del himno Te Deum laudamus constituía la principal actividad musical. El Capítulo IV explora prácticas musicales vinculadas a la devoción mariana en el contexto de las cofradías de la Barcelona de la época. Al inicio del Capítulo se realiza una aproximación a la topografía de la devoción mariana en la ciudad, identificando los lugares de culto a la Virgen que existían en el espacio urbano y prácticas musicales que tenían lugar en algunos de estos espacios. Empleando fuentes documentales muy diversas, se muestran las actividades musicales de las que posiblemente fueron las dos cofradías marianas más destacadas en la ciudad: la cofradía de la Concepción en la Catedral y la cofradía del Rosario en el convento de Santa Caterina. El Volumen II contiene diecisiete apéndices que incluyen inventarios detallados de los veinte manuscritos estudiados, un censo completo de los libros impresos de polifonía en bibliotecas de Barcelona y abundante documentación relacionada con la investigación.This Doctoral Dissertation studies manuscript books of Renaissance sacred polyphony extant in two Barcelona libraries copied between ca. 1550 and 1626, examines their repertoire, and explores their relationship with sacred musical life in Barcelona during that period. This research focuses on two areas hitherto insufficiently considered in music studies about Barcelona during the second half of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century: on the one hand, the books of polyphony, which lack, most of them, exhaustive and updated studies, and, on the other hand, the investigation of the sacred musical life in the city adopting an urban perspective, different from the institutional and biographic approach that has prevailed in previous research. The Dissertation consists of two volumes: Volume I (Study), with four chapters structured in two parts, and Volume II (Appendices). Part I (Chapters I and II) is devoted to the study of manuscript books of sacred polyphony (ca. 1550-1626) in two Barcelona libraries and their repertoire. Chapter I investigates in detail twenty manuscripts of sacred polyphony at the Biblioteca de Catalunya and the Centre de Documentació de l'Orfeó Català. The codicology and repertoire of each manuscript is analyzed, which leads to establish reasoned hypotheses about its origin and chronology. The twenty books of polyphony are related to ecclesiastical institutions in Barcelona and in other Catalan locations: Vic, Mataró, Tarragona, La Seu d’Urgell, Girona y Castelló d’Empúries. Chapter II analyses the characteristics and circulation of sacred polyphony in Catalonia from ca. 1550-1626 through more than 500 works copied in the studied manuscripts; the Chapter is organized by musical genres: masses, motets, psalms, hymns, magnificats, antiphons, passions, lamentations and responsories. This study is also complemented by the evidence provided by book inventories of the time and by the 119 printed books of polyphony preserved in Barcelona libraries. Part II (Chapters III and IV) explores religious musical life in the city. Chapter III shows the Cathedral’s privileged status —with particular musical, liturgical and ceremonial prerogatives— with respect to the other ecclesiastical institutions of the city. Through the analysis of the diocesan liturgical calendars and other sources, Chapter III explores how the changes promoted by the Council of Trent affected local liturgy, and describes the Cathedral’s music ceremonial, emphasizing its projection in the urban space. Chapter III studies the role of music in different types of funerary rituals, and the celebratory events, as well as processions for thanksgiving and rogations in which the singing of the hymn Te Deum laudamus was the main musical activity. Chapter IV is devoted to the study of musical practices linked to Marian devotion, a subject that leads to explore the world of the confraternities of Barcelona at that time. The chapter presents an approach to the topography of Marian devotion in the city, identifying places of Marian worship and musical practices that took place in some of these places. Chapter IV explores the musical activities of what were possibly the two most important Marian brotherhoods in the city: the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception in the Cathedral and the Confraternity of the Rosary in the convent of Santa Caterina. Volume II contains seventeenth appendices that include detailed inventories of the twenty studied manuscripts, a complete census of printed books of polyphony in Barcelona libraries, and abundant documentation related to this research.
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Floe, Hilary Tyndall. "The Museum of Modern Art, Oxford (1965-1982) : exhibitions, spectatorship and social change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ecada55-921a-4e6f-a279-92fd2313d459.
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This thesis examines the first seventeen years of the history of the Museum of Modern Art Oxford (MOMA), from its founding in 1965 until c. 1982. It is concerned with the changing relationships between the museum and its audience, focusing on those aspects of the museum's programming that shed light on its role as a public mediator of recent art. This provides a means to consider the underlying values and commitments that informed MOMA's emergence as a leading contemporary art institution. Chapter one examines the museum's relationship to utopian countercultures through the metaphor of the museum as 'garden'; chapter two considers the erstwhile 'permanent' collection and its connection to corporate patronage; chapter three investigates the parallel forces of institutional critique and institutionalization; and chapter four addresses didactic strains in the museum's representation of an emergent multiculturalism. Although dedicated to the history of a single regional gallery, the thematic structure of the thesis provides entry points into historical and theoretical issues of broader relevance. It is based on primary research in the previously neglected archive of what is now known as Modern Art Oxford, supplemented by interviews with artists and former staff members, and by close attention to British art periodicals and exhibition catalogues of the period. It is also informed by critical writings on museums and displays, and by artistic, social and museological histories, allowing the museum's activities to be situated within the cultural politics of these turbulent decades. The thesis suggests that institutional identity - as exemplified by the history of MOMA from 1965-1982 - is porous and discontinuous: the development of the museum over this period is animated by multiple and often contradictory ideals, continuously shaped by pragmatic considerations, and subject to a rich variety of subjective responses.
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Costa, Lopez Julia. "The legal ordering of the medieval international." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35f4ee39-8773-4f3f-8890-7ea04ca94e9c.
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Although International Relations scholars make frequent reference to the Middle Ages, most of our ideas about the period are not based on extensive empirical studies. Instead, they rely on a common imaginary of Medieval Europe as an unspecified and idealised system of overlapping authority and multiple loyalties. This thesis recovers a historical understanding of the late-medieval international order by focusing on the fundamental conceptions of the organization of the social held by medieval international practitioners. In particular, it examines a specific community of practice: lawyers of the ius commune from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. In doing so, this thesis makes three contributions to the IR literature. From a theoretical point of view, it adds to both English School and constructivist studies of historical international order by focusing on the process of differentiation through representation, as well as on contestation within it. In doing so, it argues for a move from a static understanding of order to the more dynamic notion of ordering. Secondly, it contributes methodologically to the historical study of ideas by proposing a methodological emphasis on communities of practitioners as a middle-ground between abstract constructivism and narrow Skinnerian analysis that facilitates the historically grounded consideration of the ordering role of language and ideas. Finally, empirically, this thesis demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from these theoretical moves by providing a detailed account of the international order from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries, focusing not only on stability, but also on the contentious process of ordering. As a result, this thesis provides a new understanding of late-medieval notions of political authority, community, polity, and identity, while simultaneously highlighting the politics of representation behind them.
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Farley, Stuart. "Copious voices in early modern English writing." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11904.
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This thesis takes as its object of study a certain strand of Early Modern English writing characterised by its cornucopian invention, immethodical structure, and creatively exuberant, often chaotic, means of expression. It takes as its point of departure the Erasmian theory of ‘copia' (rhetorical abundance), expanding upon it freely in order to formulate new and independent notions of copious vernacular writing as it is practised in 16th- and 17th-century contexts. Throughout I argue for the continuity and pervasiveness of the pursuit of linguistic plenitude, in contrast to a prevailing belief that the outpouring of 'words' and 'things' started to dissipate in the transition from one century (16th) to the next (17th). The writers to be discussed are Thomas Nashe, Robert Burton, John Taylor the ‘Water-Poet', and Sir Thomas Urquhart. Each of the genres in which these writers operate–prose-poetry, the essay, the pamphlet, and the universal language–emerge either toward the end of the 16th century or during the course of the 17th century, and so can be said to take copious writing in new and experimental directions not fully accounted for in the current scholarship. My contribution to the literature lies principally in its focus on the emergence of these literary forms in an Early Modern English context, with an emphasis on the role played by copiousness of expression in their stylistic development and how they in turn develop the practice of copia.
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Nast, Heidi J. (Heidi Joanne). "Space, history and power : stories of spatial and social change in the palace of Kano, Northern Nigeria, circa 1500-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41055.
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The dissertation records changes in the Kano palace landscape between 1500 and 1990. Patriarchal practices that shaped the initial palace layout at vernacular domestic and state levels are outlined. Royal women were secluded and male slaves occupied public household domains, state strongholds. Later increases in eunuchs' and slave women's powers and spaces are also recorded. The demise of slave women's political realms and the rise of an autocratic and militaristic male state structure following the Fulani jihad of 1807 are then detailed. Lastly, the impact of British imperialism on the landscape of male and female slavery is presented. Because male slaves were placed publicly, they were the main receivers and negotiators of colonial change, and their spaces underwent the most forceful change.Throughout the analyses, landscapes are seen as politically created and communicative material structures. Examination of epistemological relations used in landscape analyses demonstrates important linkages between how field research is structured and relations of power.
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Hammerton, Rachel Joan. "English impressions of Venice up to the early seventeenth century : a documentary study." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2792.
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The first Englishmen to write about the city-state of Venice were the pilgrims passing through on their way to the Holy Land. Their impressions are recorded in the travel diaries and collections of advice for prospective fellow pilgrims between the early fourteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the most substantial being those of William Wey, Sir Richard Guylforde and Sir Richard Torkington, who visited Venice in 1458 and '62, 1506, and 1517 respectively. In the 1540s arrived the men who saw Venice as part of the new Europe--Andrew Borde and William Thomas. Thomas's study of the Venetian state emphasized the efficiency of its administration, seeing it as an example of constructive government, where effective organisation for the common good led directly to national stability and prosperity. The mid-sixteenth century saw the beginnings of Venice as a tourist centre; the visitors who came between 1550 and the end of the century described the sights and the people, the traditions and way of life. Fynes Moryson's extensive account details what could be seen and learned in the city by an observant and enquiring visitor. In addition to information available in first-hand accounts of Venice, much could be learned from the work of the late sixteenth-century English translators. Linguistic, cultural, geographical, historical and literary translations yielded further knowledge and, more importantly, new perspectives, Venice being seen through the eyes of Italians and, through Lewkenor's comprehensive work, The Commonwealth and Government of Venice, of Venetians themselves. Finally, to assess the general impressions of Venice and the Venetians, we consider the literature of the turn of the sixteenth-seventeenth century; what, and how much, of the three-hundred year accumulation of knowledge of the city and people of Venice had most caught the attention and imagination of the English mind, and how close was the relationship between the popular impression and the documentary information from which it had largely developed.
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McMurtry, Charlotte. "Witchcraft and Discourses of Identity and Alterity in Early Modern England, c. 1680-1760." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40915.
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Witchcraft beliefs were a vital element of the social, religious, and political landscapes of England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. English society, buffeted by ongoing processes of social, economic, and religious change, was increasingly polarized along material, ideological, and intellectual lines, exacerbated by rising poverty and inequality, political factionalism, religious dissension, and the emergence of Enlightenment philosophical reasoning. The embeddedness of witchcraft and demonism in early modern English cosmologies and quotidian social relations meant that religious and existential anxieties, interpersonal disputes, and threats to local order, settled by customary self-regulatory methods at the local level or prosecuted in court, were often encompassed within the familiar language and popular discourses of witchcraft, social order, and difference. Using trial pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, and intellectual texts, this thesis examines the imbrications of these discourses and their collectively- determined meanings within the increasingly rationalized legal contexts and widening world of Augustan England, demonstrating the often deeply encoded ways in which early modern English men and women made sense of their own experiences and constituted and re-constituted their identities and affinities.
Disorderly by nature, an inversion of natural, religious, and social norms, witchcraft in the Christian intellectual tradition simultaneously threatened and preserved order. Just as light could not exist without dark, or good without evil, there could be no fixed state of order: its existence was determined, in part, by its antithesis. Such diacritical oppositions extended beyond the metaphysical and are legible in contemporary notions of social difference, including attitudes about the common and poorer sorts of people, patriarchal gender and sexual roles, and nascent racial ideologies. These attitudes, roles, and ideologies drew sharp distinctions between normative and transgressive appearances, behaviours, and beliefs. This thesis argues that they provided a blueprint for the discursive construction of identity categories, defined in part by alterity, and that intelligible in witchcraft discourses are these fears of and reactions to disruptive and disorderly difference, otherness, and deviance—reactions which could themselves become deeply disruptive. In exploring the intersections of poverty, gender, sexuality, and race within collective understandings of witchcraft in Augustan England, this thesis aims to contribute to our understandings of the complex and dynamic ways in which English men and women perceived themselves, their communities, and the world around them.
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Miller, Isabel A. M. "The social and economic history of Yazd (c. AH 736/AD 1335 - c. AH 906/AD 1500)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410211.
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Cast, Andrea Snowden. "Women drinking in early modern England." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc346.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415) Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women.
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Lattouf, Mirna. "The history of women's higher education in modern Lebanon and its social implications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288958.
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Much has been theorized about the positive correlation between education and the change in women's status in society. Yet, in 1995, a United Nations report on women showed that although there has been much effort to eliminate discrimination based on sex, with greater opportunities and access to education, or formal learning, the most bias was due to socialization, or informal learning, as expressed through cultural values, norms and traditions. The report also showed that although governments claimed to be dedicated to erasing illiteracy and improving educational opportunities, they are very quick to claim cultural relativity when asked to review other elements of concern, such as harmful laws and customs. Education of girls and women has not accomplished the anticipated social transformation, especially the socially constructed patriarchal ideology which places them as primarily providers of biological and sexual services and unpaid labor. In a study on women and higher education in Modern Lebanon one finds the Lebanese case mimics international trends in the unwillingness to confront and reinterpret the strict ideology which impose on women the primary and at times sole function as "mother and wife." In Lebanon, one also finds that this hegemony has obviated the transformation of much female educational progress into change in the role of women in society. Although education has become more accessible, the hierarchy of opportunities is maintained and is more complex as it now intertwines class, religious affiliations and gender. Girls' formal education at the primary level was introduced into Lebanese society in the early nineteenth century. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the doors of higher education were opened to them. Today, women make up half of the student population at the tertiary level. Not only are they able to enter and compete with young men, they are exceeding all expectations by graduating at higher rates. However, there are a few points of concern. First, most women still register and graduate from traditionally female fields. Second, although there has been a tremendous increase of women attending universities, participating in the labor force and the political sphere, there is little change in the way society views women. Women and men regard education and work as secondary functions to women's primary purpose as "wife and mother." Third, when efforts are made to change harmful laws and customs, women are accused of trying to divide their community by placing mundane women's issues before national interest. Even worse, they may be accused of conspiring with the West to destroy Lebanese or Arab identity and traditions. Fourth, in the last six years, the initiation of various policies seem to thwart the advancement of women in the marketplace as government plans push women back into the home. Finally, one must not underestimate the role of the religious authorities in the continuous attempt to shape the strict division of labor between the sexes in Lebanon. The question remains, how can Lebanese women actively and cautiously participate in the formation of new truths, which will generate more inclusive and empowering myths for both girls and boys in the future?
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Bucknell, Clare. "Poetic genre and economic thought in the long eighteenth century : three case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71e97b4d-c009-487c-8efb-fdb71eefa080.
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During the eighteenth century, the dominant rhetorical and explanatory power of civic humanism was gradually challenged by the rise of a new organising language in political economy. Political economic thought permitted radically different descriptions of what laudable private and public behaviour might be: it proposed that self-interest was often more beneficial to society at large than public-mindedness; that luxury had its uses and might not be a threat to liberty and political integrity; that landownership was no particular guarantee of virtue or disinterest; and that there was nothing inherently superior about frugality and self-sufficiency. These new ideas about civil society formed the intellectual basis of a large body of verse written during the long eighteenth century (at mid-century in particular), in which poets engaged enthusiastically with political economic arguments and defences of commercial activity, and celebrated the wealth and plenty of Britain as a modern trading nation. The work of my thesis is to examine a contradiction in the way in which these political economic ideas were handled. Forward-looking and confident poetry on public themes did not develop pioneering forms to suit the modernity of its outlook: instead, poets articulated such themes in verse by appropriating and reframing traditional genres, which in some cases involved engaging with inherited moral values and philosophical preferences entirely at odds with the intellectual material in hand. This inventive kind of generic revision is the central interest of the thesis. It aims to describe a number of problematic meeting points between new political economic thought and handed-down poetic formulae, and it will focus attention on some of the ways in which poets manipulated the forms and tropes they inherited in order to manage – and make the most of – the resulting contradictions.
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Egan, Clare Louise. "Community conflict in early-modern South-West England : provincial libels and their performance contexts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377822/.
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With a particular emphasis on Devon, this thesis examines cases of early-modern libel as performances devised and enacted in the provincial communities of South-West England. In particular, it focuses on the Star Chamber records of libel from the counties of Devon, Cornwall, Dorset and Somerset during the reign of James I between 1603 and 1625. Whilst the performance-nature of libel has previously been acknowledged, there has not been any full scale analysis of early-modern provincial libels in terms of performance. This thesis argues that it was the performance of libel which made it a growing concern to those in authority and that provincial libel should be viewed in terms of a spectrum of performance. It also critically considers the view of this kind of libel that is currently implied by the selected publication of libel cases in the Records of Early English Drama volumes. The thesis includes an exploration of the uses of space and place by performance-based libel through the mapping of a sample of cases from Devon onto their contemporary landscape. The roles of women as spectators and engineers of libel performances are also examined, and this, in turn, necessitates careful consideration of the nature and limitations of the records through which accounts of provincial libel are received. Finally, the thesis applies literary analysis to the contents of those performance-based libels which used texts, in verse or prose, to defame their targets. From this analysis emerge features which can begin to define a genre of performance-based textual libel characterised by a distinctive authorial voice and a complex system of generic association. The study of the offence of libel at a local level in the South-West counties of England reveals sophisticated uses of performance in early-modern communal conflicts from all levels of society during a period of wider cultural, social and political change.
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Spicksley, Judith Mary. "The early modern demographic dynamic : celibates and celibacy in seventeenth-century England." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5409.
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By interpreting marriage as a life-cycle phenomenon with procreative sex as its ultimate aim, historians have given primacy - whether wittingly or unwittingly - to the act of intercourse between man and a woman, and relegated a range of other sexual activities to a position of lower value. In contrast, this chapter argues not only for the presence of other forms of sexual gratification within Tudor and Stuart society, but suggests in addition that rather than view them as the precursor to full penetrative intercourse, they should be understood as satisfactory and fulfilling expressions of sexuality in their own right. The final chapter examines the role of the marriage discourse in directing the employment opportunities, social status and cultural identity of single people in seventeenth century England. Here the effects of the discourse, which sought to promote the inevitability of entry into marriage as a general truth, are revealed in a gendered approach to training and employment, differential levels of access of men and women to land and property, and a concept of personal and social identity that for women was linked almost exclusively to marriage as a lifecycle phenomenon. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the extensive social and cultural ramifications of a rise in the proportion of lifelong celibate females, a situation that, regardless of its causes, required single women to reassess the image of themselves as wives and mothers and construct an alternative personal and social identity outside the standard marital paradigm.
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Maxson, Brian. "Review of The Early Modern Italian Domestic Interior, 1400-1700: Objects, Spaces, Domesticaries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6192.
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Chow, Po-fun Wendy, and 周寶芬. "Carnivalization and subversion of order in comic plays, with referenceto Shakespeare's Twelfth night and Herry IV." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948996.
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