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Lee, Dalbyul. "The impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change:longitudinal data analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50113.
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This dissertation seeks to explore the association between natural disasters and neighborhood change and further to examine the differential impact of natural disasters on neighborhood change according to the disaster itself, the rehabilitation efforts of local jurisdictions, and the characteristics of the affected neighborhoods. Using the longitudinal model, it examines the shifts in neighborhood change trajectory before and after natural disaster for three indicators (home values, poverty rate and racial diversity). The results find that natural disasters have a significant impact on the trend of neighborhood change, reducing variation in the indicators within neighborhood. Home values and racial diversity of neighborhoods are likely to immediately decrease after natural disasters but not to shift in subsequent rate of change,while poverty rates are likely to instantly increase in the aftermath of the disasters and to annually decline over time. This dissertation also explores the differential effects on neighborhood change according to intensity of natural disaster, neighborhoods? average income and the location. The results of the analyses are like the following: 1) the neighborhoods which the more intense disasters hit are more likely to experience the rapid decline in home values and an instant increase in their poverty rates than those which the less intense disaster hit. On the other hand, the more intense natural disasters are more likely to increase neighborhoods? racial diversity than the less intense natural disasters, while natural disasters themselves are likely to decrease it. 2) natural disasters might have the more adverse impacts on low- and high-income neighborhoods than moderate-income neighborhoods and that the impacts on low-income neighborhoods are most severe. More importantly, the adverse impacts in low-income neighborhoods might be long lasting. 3)neighborhoods in suburban areas, compared to neighborhoods in the central cities, are likely to decrease in their home values after natural disasters and to increase in their poverty rates. Finally, the findings of this dissertation confirms its main arguments that a natural disaster affects the trend of neighborhood change and intervenes in the path of change over time and that natural disasters differentially shift neighborhoods according to their characteristics. Further it suggests that these neighborhood changes, once accelerated by a natural disaster, further polarize residential populations on a metropolitan neighborhood scale.
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Albrecht, Frederike. "The Social and Political Impact of Natural Disasters : Investigating Attitudes and Media Coverage in the Wake of Disasters." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320680.
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Natural disasters are social and political phenomena. Social structures create vulnerability to natural hazards and governments are often seen as responsible for the effects of disasters. Do social trust, political trust, and government satisfaction therefore generally change following natural disasters? How can media coverage explain change in political attitudes? Prior research suggests that these variables are prone to change, but previous studies often focus on single cases, whereas this dissertation adopts a broader approach, examining multiple disasters. It investigates the social and political impact of natural disasters by examining their effect on social and political attitudes and by exploring media coverage as a mechanism underlying political consequences. The results reveal that natural disasters may have a comparatively frequent, although small and temporary, effect on social trust. Substantial effects are less likely. Social trust was found to decrease significantly when disasters cause nine or more fatalities (Paper I). Political attitudes were expected to be prone to change after natural disasters, but Paper II illustrates that political trust and government satisfaction among citizens are generally hardly affected by these events. Finally, media framing and the political claims of actors explained the variation in political consequences after disasters of similar severity. Paper III also illustrates the importance of the political context of natural disasters, as their occurrence can be strategically exploited by actors to further criticism towards the government in politically tense situations. This dissertation contributes to existing disaster research by investigating more cases than disaster studies typically do. It also uses a systematic case selection process, and a quantitative approach with a, for disaster research, unique research design. Hence, it offers methodological nuance to existing studies. A broader analysis, factoring in the variation of disaster severity and the increased number of cases offers new answers and tests assumptions about underlying patterns. The main contribution of this thesis is that it examines how common political and social effects of disasters are. Furthermore, this dissertation contributes to existing disasters research by emphasizing contextual and explanatory factors, e.g., properties of disasters and the political context that affects the media coverage of natural disasters.
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Jara, Valencia Benjamin Andres. "Social and Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468519136.
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Stephane, Victor. "Three essays on the economic impact of natural disasters." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD004.
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Les désastres naturels ont des conséquences particulièrement dévastatrices dans les pays en développement où les individus sont hautement vulnérables et les institutions inefficaces. Néanmoins, leurs impacts sur le bien être des ménages et le rôle des autorités publiques restent encore mal compris. En outre, alors que la plupart des études se focalisent sur le risque climatique, les désastres géologiques, et les éruptions volcaniques en particulier, restent peu étudiés. Pourtant, même si elles représentent une fraction marginale des désastres naturels au niveau mondial, les éruptions volcaniques sont une menace majeure dans certains pays tels que l’Indonésie ou l’Equateur. La présente thèse tente donc de contribuer à la littérature à travers trois essais empiriques traitant de l’effet à long terme du risque volcanique sur l’accumulation de capital des ménages, de l’impact d’une éruption sur le capital social ainsi que du rôle des autorités publiques dans les décisions de migrationNatural disasters have particularly devastating consequences in developing countries where people are highly vulnerable and institutions remain inefficient. Nevertheless, their impacts on households’ well-being and the role of public authorities are, yet, not fully understood. In addition, while most studies focus on climatic risk, geological disasters, and volcanic eruptions in particular, are clearly understudied. However, despite representing a marginal share of natural disasters at the global level, volcanic eruptions are a major threat in some countries, such as Indonesia or Ecuador. The present dissertation tries to contribute to the literature by investigating the long-term effect of volcanic hazard on farmers’ capital accumulation, the impact of an eruption on social capital, as well as the potential mitigating role of public authorities on migration decisions
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Jencik, Alicia. "Deconstructing Gender in New Orleans: The Impact of Patriarchy and Social Vulnerability Before and After a Natural Disaster." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1136.
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On August 29th, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall near New Orleans, LA, causing catastrophic damage to the metropolitan area. The hurricane also exposed many of the racial, ethnic, and class-based vulnerabilities experienced by many New Orleanians. However, as is typically the case, gender was ignored in most media accounts in the aftermath of the disaster. This project examines the gendered dimensions of the disaster experience using New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina as a case study. Evidence from University of New Orleans Survey Research data indicates various gender differences from the initial response to the recovery efforts months later. Few gender differences were found regarding physical loss and displacement after the storm; however, psychological effects did often differ along gender lines, with women more likely than men to experience psychological symptoms directly after the storm, while men were likely than women to be affected approximately one year later. Interestingly, gender differences in evacuation plans and behavior varied according to whether or not a disaster had recently occurred. Prior to Hurricane Katrina, women were more likely than men to report having evacuated for Hurricane Georges, though no other variable was statistically significant. After Katrina, men were more likely than women to have an evacuation plan in place, while women were more likely than men to report a willingness to evacuate when recommended by local level officials, which they did when Hurricane Rita threatened the area. Public policy implications are discussed.
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Williams, Brian Don. "An Investigation of the Impact of Social Vulnerability Research on the Practice of Emergency Management." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011783/.
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This dissertation examines the extent to which social vulnerability, as studied by researchers across multiple disciplines, has influenced the practice of emergency management at the local level. This study addresses two major research questions to accomplish this goal. First, how do local emergency managers perceive and define social vulnerability? Second, what strategies do local emergency managers employ to reach and meet the needs of socially vulnerable populations? Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or by phone with a sample of local emergency managers, city managers, and American Red Cross personnel from the Houston - Galveston and the South East Texas regions as defined by the respective Councils of Government. A modified grounded theory approach was used with a constant comparative method to identify themes for each research question. Triangulation was accomplished through secondary census data and supplemental interviews. The interview data reveal that social vulnerability research has had an indirect influence on the practice of emergency management at the local level. This influence is facilitated through state and federal policy, training, and plans development. Based on the interview data, four themes were identified that capture the various ways in which local emergency management officials perceive and define social vulnerability. These include vulnerability as poverty and culture, vulnerability as a lack of security, vulnerability as a moral imperative, and vulnerability as a lack of awareness and knowledge. In terms of strategies employed to address social vulnerability, the data suggest four themes: leaving it to the professionals, bringing in volunteers, leveraging protocols to build buy-in, and fostering flexibility. The findings reveal the importance in closing the knowledge gap between research and practice, because increased damage, harm, and death can occur when the social inequalities of everyday life are not addressed in the planning process by emergency managers. The findings also reveal that state and federal policy, training, and plans development are the most trusted sources by emergency managers to transfer knowledge to practice. Additionally, with the proliferation of emergency management degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels, higher education can potentially play a more active and visible role in bridging the gap between research and practice, particularly as it relates to social vulnerability.
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Milella, Elisabetta. "The social impact of a flood on workers at a Pretoria hotel / E. Milella." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10312.
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In South Africa, January 2011 was characterised by above average rainfall which
resulted in many provinces being flooded. On the 17th of January 2011, the
government of South Africa declared the City of Tshwane a National Disaster Area. It
is in the city of Tshwane where a hotel was flooded causing great damage and
disruption to the lives of the hotel workers. Given the lack of existing research
focusing on the social dimensions of natural disasters, this provided an opportunity
to study the social impact of the flood on the community of hotel workers at a
Pretoria hotel. Four sub-aims were set for the study, which involved an exploration of
the strengths that were exhibited, discovered or developed as a result of the flood;
investigating the subjective experiences in relation to the flood; exploring the
interactional patterns and relationships of the hotel workers; as well as investigating
how the leadership of the hotel impacted on the manner in which the hotel workers
dealt with the flood. A qualitative methodology, guided by a social constructivist
epistemology was adopted as basis for the study. Data was gathered by means of
individual semi-structured interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, and a focus
group interview with a number of employees at the hotel. The data was subjected to
qualitative content and grounded theoretical analysis. Five main themes emerged
from the analysis, which include: Emotional responses, which included negative
emotions such as shock, fear, frustration and anger, as well as positive emotions
such as happiness and appreciation; a variety of interactional patterns and
relationships; increased cohesiveness; enhanced leadership, and the development
of group resilience.MA, Medical Sociology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Covaciu, Andra-Iustina. "Missing out on childhood - the impact of natural disasters on Haitian children's rights." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21723.
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Children’s rights are human rights, regardless their vulnerability and dependence on adults. However, the situation of children’s rights in Haiti has always been delicate and it became even more fragile in the aftermath of the 2010 Earthquake and the 2016 Hurricane Matthew. Within this paper, the sociology of disaster theory together with case study and legal analysis as methods aim at analysing the effects of the two natural disasters on Haitian children’s rights. The paper also seeks to understand whether any differences could be noticed between the outcomes of the two catastrophes as well as to analyse the international and national institutional response to the aforementioned disasters. It is concluded that the two natural disasters had an enormous impact on the most important rights of Haitian children. Not many differences could be noticed, between the two events, and regardless the aid provided by the international community, Haitian children’s rights are still neglected, as we speak.
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Oliveira, Dafne Rosane. "Crianças em situações de riscos e desastres: atenção psicossocial, Saúde mental e direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-04092018-103504/.
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A ocorrência de diversos tipos de desastres nas últimas décadas tem aumentado a concentração de estudos e pesquisas sobre a atuação profissional no gerenciamento de riscos e na gestão de emergências e desastres. O efeito de um desastre é proporcional à vulnerabilidade tanto do ambiente atingido (que compreende a parte física e humana), quanto da capacidade e recursos do local, dos afetados e das equipes de apoio. De acordo com a Política de Proteção e Defesa Civil, as ações são divididas em cinco etapas: prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta e reconstrução. A atuação da Psicologia, nestas situações, pode ser implementada em todas as fases e, embora constitua uma área relativamente recente dentro da Psicologia, a criação de órgãos e eventos no Brasil, bem como a busca por intervenções eficazes fizeram crescer o apelo para seu crescimento. Uma das demandas está ligada às possibilidades de violações de direitos de crianças e adolescentes, tais como violência sexual, negligência, trabalho infantil, práticas de ato infracional e uso de drogas. Existem documentos institucionais e referências científicas que abordam essa temática, ressaltando a importância da Atenção Psicossocial, a qual deve ser oferecida aos afetados, principalmente a populações vulneráveis, como crianças, adolescentes, pessoas com deficiência e idosos. O presente trabalho se constituiu em estudo exploratório, descritivo e explicativo, com uma metodologia etnográfica e qualitativa. O objetivo foi investigar as percepções e perspectivas de profissionais, crianças e responsáveis, sobre os cuidados oferecidos às crianças que vivem em áreas de risco para desastres, especialmente inundações, em um bairro na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados documentos de referência e a literatura científica sobre crianças em situações de riscos e desastres. Por meio de entrevistas e grupos focais, foi verificada a percepção de crianças afetadas, responsáveis, e profissionais envolvidos no apoio a desastres. Destaca-se que o oferecimento da Atenção Psicossocial, somada aos cuidados em Saúde Mental e a proteção e garantia de Direitos Humanos, constitui cenário providencial para o bem-estar infantil e pleno desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo, social, espiritual e emocional de crianças no contexto de riscos e desastresThe occurrence of several types of disasters in the last decades has increased the concentration of studies and research about the professional performance in the management of risks as well as emergencies and disasters. The effect of a disaster is proportional to the vulnerability either of the affected environment (which includes the physical and human aspects) or the capacity and resources of the place, the affected individuals and the support teams. According to the Protection and Civil Defense Policy, the actions are divided into five stages: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response and reconstruction. The Psychology´s operation in these situations can be implemented in all phases, and although it constitutes a relatively recent area within this field, the creation of organs and events in Brazil and the search for effective interventions have increased the appeal for its growth. One of the demands is linked to the possibilities of children and adolescents´ rights violentions, such as sexual violence, neglect, child labor, practices of infraction and drugs use. There are institutional documents and scientific references that address this issue and raise the importance of the psychosocial support that should be offered to those affected, especially vulnerable populations such as children, adolescents, people with disabilities and the old-aged. The present work constitutes an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory study, with an ethnographic and qualitative methodology. The goal was to investigate the perceptions and perspectives of professionals, children and parents about the care offered to children living in areas at risk of disasters, especially floods, in a neighborhood in the east end of São Paulo city. Reference documents and the scientific literature on children in risks and disasters situation were analyzed. The perception about disasters support were investigated by means of interviews and focus groups. It is noteworthy that the provision of psychosocial support, with care of mental health, plus protection and guarantee of human rights, is a providential scenario for children\'s well-being and complete physical, cognitive, social, spiritual and emotional development of children in the context of risks and disasters
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Brown, Christina A. "Latent newspaper functions during the impact phase of Hurricane Katrina." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003277.
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MASSI, JUNIOR LUIZ. "Abrigo temporário para desabrigados em situações emergenciais, com suporte de energia elétrica a partir de células a combustível a hidrogênio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23513.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-03-03T14:44:05Z
No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T14:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo
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Walton, Todd R. "Wading through the Storm Surge| The Impact of Social Media on Emergency Communication during a Disaster." Thesis, University of Maryland University College, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806069.
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An increased number of widespread disasters ranging from storm surge flooding to sprawling wildfires, has increased the pressure on emergency communication. Social Media, through mobile technology combined with volunteer geographic information (VGI), has the potential to enable disaster impacted populations to send and receive crucial information thereby reducing the impact and loss associated with widespread disasters. This study examines how social media impacts emergency and disaster communication by analyzing the results of thirty-three case studies where social media had an impact on communication. Thematic synthesis conducted through the identification of themes derived from study findings indicates that while there are many challenges to implementing a social media enhanced emergency communication strategy, when authorities adopt such a strategy, stakeholders affected by the emergency have more actionable information and situational awareness. Additionally, awareness of the emergency by non-affected stakeholders, such as disaster relief agencies and fundraisers increases exponentially when social media is included in the communication strategy. Findings also suggest that challenges such as information overload, and the dissemination of false information can be overcome when authorities cooperate with affected stakeholders to moderate social media posts.
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Gan, Cai Ru. "Future-proofing Hospitals Against Disasters in a Changing Climate: Opportunities and Strategies for Health Promoting Hospitals." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413313.
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Considerable scientific evidence showing climate change will amplify disasters and cause adverse health impacts. If not mitigated, climate change will push health systems beyond their limits and capacity. The projected trend of increasing climaterelated disasters will intensify existing health risks arising from more frequent and severe extreme weather events like floods, bushfires, poor air and water quality, and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This incidents place enormous demands on the future of the healthcare sector, especially on hospitals. To prepare for and deal with the immense challenges ahead, hospitals need to incorporate climate change adaptation (CCA)1 strategies into planning for disaster risk reduction (DRR)2. It is, thus, timely to investigate the feasibility of and pathways to future-poof hospitals against disasters in a changing climate. Hospitals are no stranger to climate change as an issue. They are at the forefront of addressing the health impacts of disasters, treating the illnesses and injuries caused by them, and upholding critical response roles during and after disasters. This role will continue to expand as hospitals struggle to cope with the additional demands of climate change-related disasters. Many hospitals have in place their own emergency response procedures, but little information is available in terms of the extent of how they have incorporated CCA measures into their risk management plans. While hospitals are affected by climate change there is also the reality that they are in part responsible for accelerating climate change. Studies estimate that the healthcare sector is responsible for approximately 4.4% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is important therefore for healthcare to start shifting to renewable and reliable energy sources and adopt environmentally responsible waste management practices. The problem remains to facilitate this; it would require leadership commitment, and full participation of other healthcare sector stakeholders. The organisation Health Promoting Hospitals Network (HPH), with members worldwide, promotes an integrative, eco-friendly partnership approach to improving hospital practices. The HPH is well-suited to leading the way to integrate DRR and CCA to future-proof hospitals, making it an ideal partner for this research. Among its network members, Taiwan, with its extensive HPH network and supportive government policies, was chosen for this study. Therefore, this study aims to examine opportunities and strategies for developing HPH’s work in Taiwan ensuring that hospitals are geared towards being future-proof against disasters brought about by climate change. The research began with an extensive critical literature review and then applied quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct a case study on Taiwan’s Health Promoting Hospitals. The study adopted the participatory action research (AR) approach, commonly used in health promoting settings, because it enables participants to develop strategies and actions for change and improve knowledge, strategies, and actions in the process. Overall, the study found that the AR process enabled HPH participants to lead the climate movement in the healthcare sector in Taiwan. This has led Taiwan’s health promoting hospitals to transform towards a sustainable future. Using the AR process, key challenges to effectively implement DRR and CCA efforts were identified, and it was determined that these issues could be addressed through standards that regulate hospitals. Therefore, the researchers and partners created and advocated for a new climate action standard under Taiwan’s Healthy Hospitals 2.0 Accreditation Program. As the study was being conducted, the whole world was affected by the COVID-19 and soon after a pandemic was announced. This led to the AR to modify its priorities in response to emergency needs. The result is the co-design of eco-friendly measures that could ensure healthcare workers’ protection and safety and to make healthcare reduce hazardous waste given that the pandemic has produced many unintentional health care wastes in the process of battling the virus. The research and its findings first synthesise the literature on the rationale for linking CCA and DRR in the hospital sector to inform health authorities and hospital decisionmakers on the need to incorporate these into future action plans. Second, it identifies useful indicators and strategies to guide climate action for building future-proof hospitals, especially in Taiwan. Third, it addresses organisational changes and ways HPH networks could advocate for and facilitate these changes, including strategies to leverage that hospital accreditation scheme to enhance adherence. Finally, the research adds to the evidence that HPHs can use participatory AR to deal with complex issues to better prepare for the future. This is not only timely but has practical implications for other settings-based health promotion movements such as Healthy Cities, Workplaces, and Health-Promoting Schools to help them integrate CCA and DRR into their future action plans in the pursuit of sustainable development.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine & Dentistry
Griffith Health
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Favero, Eveline. "O impacto psicossocial das secas em agricultores familiares do Rio Grande do Sul : um estudo na perspectiva da psicologia dos desastres." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55063.
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O trabalho investigou, através de dois estudos, a seca e suas implicações psicossociais para as famílias de agricultores da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. No estudo qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas tendo participado sete agricultores de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 33-51 anos (M=42; DP=5,22). O objetivo foi verificar como a perda de recursos desencadeada pelas secas exerce influência sobre o bem-estar familiar. Constatou-se que as secas afetam recursos de sobrevivência familiar e causam implicações psicológicas para esta população, como insegurança quanto ao futuro, desânimo e tristeza. Os participantes utilizam estratégias de coping a partir do uso de recursos pessoais e do apoio social disponível no cotidiano de vida, sendo prevalente o uso do coping ativo. Políticas públicas em caráter permanente poderiam contribuir para reduzir o tempo de exposição ao estresse decorrente do desastre e, consequentemente, melhorar níveis de saúde e bem-estar nesta população. No segundo estudo, participaram 198 agricultores, com idade entre 18 e 77 anos (M=44,38; DP=10,04), sendo 104 (52,5%) homens e 88 (44,4%) mulheres. O objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre o grau de impacto da seca na família e as variáveis crenças básicas, apoio social, saúde geral e percepção do desastre. Os participantes responderam a um questionário composto por itens relacionados aos impactos psicossociais das secas e percepção do desastre, além das escalas World Assumptions Scale (WAS), Social Support Appraisals (SSA) e o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12). Os grupos de alto e médio impacto da seca apresentaram percepção mais negativa do desastre em relação ao grupo de baixo impacto, no que se refere às suas consequências no bem-estar, além de perceberem-se mais responsáveis pelos seus impactos. Além disso, esses grupos apresentaram menores médias nas crenças de justiça, controlabilidade e aleatoriedade dos acontecimentos. Em relação ao apoio social, o grupo com alto impacto do desastre percebe-se mais apoiado pelos grupos primários (família, amigos, vizinhos, comunidade), enquanto que o grupo de baixo impacto percebe-se mais apoiado pelos grupos secundários (governo, técnicos, grupos religiosos). Constatou-se ainda, menor percepção de saúde no grupo de alto impacto da seca, nas dimensões depressão, autoeficácia e autoestima. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão da relação entre seca e bem-estar nos agricultores, bem como, com discussões no âmbito da psicologia dos desastres no contexto brasileiro.This work investigated, through two studies, the drought and its psychosocial implications for families of farmers in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participating farmers of both sexes, aged 33-51 years (M = 42, SD = 5.22). The goal was to understand how the loss of resources triggered by droughts influences family well-being. It was found that droughts affect family survival resources and has psychological implications for this population, such as uncertainty about the future, hopelessness and sadness. The use of active coping through personal resources and informal social support is prevalent. Public policies could help to reduce the time of exposure to stress caused by the disaster, and consequently, improve the levels of health and well-being in this population. In the second study, 198 farmers participated, aged 18-77 years (M = 44.38, SD = 10.04); 104 (52.5%) men and 88 (44.4%) women. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between the degree of impact of drought upon the family and the variables of world assumptions, social support, general health and perception of the disaster. The participants answered a questionnaire (beyond the World Assumptions Scale (WAS), Social Support Appraisals (SSA) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) instruments) comprised of items related to the psychosocial impacts of droughts and the perception of the disaster. The groups of high and medium impact had more negative perceptions of the disaster, with regard to its consequences on well-being, than had the low impact group. They also perceived themselves as more accountable for it. Moreover, these groups had lower mean belief in justice, controllability and randomness of events. Regarding social support, those in the high- and medium-impact groups perceived themselves to be more supported by the primary groups (family, friends, neighbors, community); while those in the low-impact group perceived themselves to be more supported by secondary groups (government, agricultural technicians, religious groups). Additionally, there existed a decreased perception of health in the high-impact group, related to the following dimensions: Depression, self-efficacy and self-esteem. The work contributes to the understanding of the relationship between drought and well-being among farmers; as well as to discussions within the psychology of disasters in the Brazilian context.
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Bhandari, Roshan Bhakta. "Analysis of Social Roles and Impacts of Urban Ritual Events with Reference to Building Capacity to Cope with Disasters: Case Studies of Nepal and Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126795.
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Rahman, Mohammad Aminur. "Impact of structural development projects on vulnerability of coastal communities to disaster." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132705/1/Mohammad_Rahman_Thesis.pdf.
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This research helps understand the complex human-environment relationships in an ecologically sensitive deltaic plain in the southwest coast of Bangladesh. It explores how large-scale physical infrastructure leads to transformation of an entire social-ecological system through alteration of natural environments, which eventually causes vulnerability of the community to disaster. This research also sheds light on development planning processes and their implications from a political ecology perspective. The findings highlight that, nature-humans coexistence is essential for development to be sustainable. The study proposes Social-Ecological System to be considered as a unit in formulating development plans for limiting the unintended negative consequences of infrastructure development.
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Batool, Kaneez. "IMPACT OF A NATURAL DISASTER ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF A RURAL MAYA COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/207.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of a natural disaster on the mental health of a rural Maya community in the Philippines. Specifically, the study assessed how an individual’s housing conditions, the household size, and general utilities can have an impact on a person’s mental health.
The study used a quantitative survey design with self-administered questionnaires. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Modified Community Assessment survey was used for this research investigation. A total of 84 participants completed the survey. Participants were asked of their perceptions regarding the habitability of their own homes, the safety of their homes, whether there was mold or water damage, the size of the household, whether the household was harboring guest and the presence of general utilities such as: running water, electricity, garbage pickup, natural gas, sewage service, and cell. Descriptive (e.g. mean and frequency,), chi-squares tests, and t-test were used to analyze the data.
Findings of the study showed that there was a relationship between safety of the home, the presence of mold, water damage, and running water and whether one develops symptoms of anxiety/stress. The study also found a relationship amongst garbage pickup, sewage service and whether one develops symptoms of agitated behavior. Findings of the study suggest a need for advocacy to implement mental health programs as a relief effort to disaster victims.
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Page, Ashley. "Unnatural and Unequal: Social Determinants of Gender Inequality and Health and Their Impact on Disaster Management Interventions in Bangladesh." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33186.
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Disaster vulnerability and health status are determined by the intersecting social identities individuals possess in a given context. Based on two months fieldwork in Bangladesh, this study employs a comparative exploratory case study methodology to understand the way in which the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Oxfam and Gonoshasthaya Kendra construct and deploy the concepts of gender, empowerment and women’s health within their disaster management policies and programs. It finds that disaster management interventions that fail to understand the intersectional nature of women’s vulnerability risk entrenching or creating forms of both privilege and oppression. Combining intersectionality, Moser’s Practical and Strategic Gender Needs and Sen’s Capability Approach, this study aims to deconstruct the embedded view of women in disaster management by suggesting that a social determinants of health approach, paired with intersectionality, could provide important insights into disaster management interventions and their effectiveness in addressing the gendered realities of women facing disasters.
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Kennedy, David R. "The impact of non governmental organisation disaster response on local communities: Perspectives of responders." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2511.
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Introduction: Recent trends indicate disasters are increasing in frequency globally. Improved mitigation, preparedness and enhanced resilience have reduced the number of people killed by these events, but population growth and distribution, increased population density and urbanisation, and overlapping vulnerability coupled with a changing climate mean that disasters are increasingly affecting more people. Consequently, there is a greater proportion of the global community requiring humanitarian aid following disasters. Key in delivering this aid are non-governmental organisations (NGOs). However, at a time when NGOs should eschew competition and instead focus on cooperation and coordination to achieve better results for the impacted communities, the sheer scale of the NGO community and historical lack of collaboration – and indeed competition – continues to raise serious questions regarding the real impact of their post-disaster activities. The objective of this research was to address this question by exploring disaster responder perspectives regarding NGO impact in post-disaster local communities.
Methods: An explorative qualitative design underpinned by a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was conducted. Eight research participants were recruited using a multimodal recruitment strategy.
Results: Five key themes emerged: (1) “It felt good”: The subjective experience of impact (2)” We did good”: The objective experience of impact (3) “It meant something”: Meaningfulness (4) “It worked”: Appropriateness, and (5) “We left something behind”: Building local capacity.
Discussion: Impact was experienced as both a subjective and objective concept. Consequently, future attempts to measure NGO impact in post-disaster communities should utilise evaluations designed to capture both qualitative and quantitative elements of community experience.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that post disaster evaluations need to include both subjective and objective evidence to be as comprehensive as possible. This should also include the experiences of disaster responders and locals to ensure accuracy and robustness. Including responders’ perceptions in the evaluation process enhances their mental health resilience and better prepares them for future adversity.
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Faisal, Saman. "Mental Health Impact of Disasters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/56.
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It is very important to study the mental health impact of disasters to provide adequate mental health services when there is an increased demand of mental health services and a concurrent deterioration of mental healthcare capacity after disasters. This study examined the mental health impact of 9/11 attacks among the individuals living close to the disaster area and compared them to the individuals living farther from the disaster area. New York (NY) state and Washington DC were selected as the disaster areas and Illinois (IL) was selected to study individuals living farther from the disaster area. The study also assessed the effects of mental health on risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and how they vary based on age, gender and proximity to the disaster. Ten year Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1996-2005 was obtained for NY, DC and IL. Significant increase in mental distress was observed in NY and DC but not in IL. Increased use of alcohol was found among DC and NY residents but the increase in IL was not significant. Logistic regression showed that increase in alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health. An overall decrease in cigarette smoking was observed and there was no impact of disaster on smoking rates. Mental distress was much higher among the female respondents as compared to the male respondents. Mental distress was highest among 35- 49 year old respondents as compared to other age groups. In future longitudinal studies should be conducted in order to establish the causal relationship of mental health and risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption after disasters. Most of the interventions regarding post-disaster mental health focus on PTSD but other mental disorders should also be addressed.
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Keerthiratne, Wendala Gamaralalage Subhani Sulochana. "Economic impact of natural disasters." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70405/.
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Tveit, Thomas. "Essays on the Economics of Natural Disasters." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0950/document.
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Natural disasters have always been and probably always will be a problem for humans and their settlements. With global warming seemingly increasing the frequency and strength of the climate related disasters, and more and more people being settled in urban centers, the ability to model and predict damage is more important than ever.The aim of this thesis has been to model and analyze a broad range of disaster types and the kind of impact that they have. By modeling damage indices for disaster types as different as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, the thesis helps with understanding both similarities and differences between how disasters work and what impact they have on societies experiencing them. The thesis comprises four different chapters in addition to this introduction, where all of them include modeling of one or more types of natural disasters and their impact on real world scenarios such as local budgets, birth rates and economic growth.Chapter 2 is titled “Natural Disaster Damage Indices Based on Remotely Sensed Data: An Application to Indonesia". The objective was to construct damage indices through remotely sensed and freely available data. In short, the methodology exploits that one can use nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity. Then the nightlights data is matched with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling. The data is then used to construct damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami. The chapter is forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017a).Chapter 3 utilizes the indices from Chapter 2 to showcase a potential area of use for them. The title is “The Reallocation of District-Level Spending and Natural Disasters: Evidence from Indonesia" and the focus is on Indonesian district-level budgets. The aim was to use the modeled intensity from Chapter 2 to a real world scenario that could affect policy makers. The results show that there is evidence that some disaster types cause districts to move costs away from more general line items to areas such as health and infrastructure, which are likely to experience added pressure due to disasters. Furthermore, volcanic eruptions and the tsunami led to less investment into more durable assets both for the year of the disaster and the following year. This chapter is also forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017b).The fourth chapter, titled “Urban Global Impact of Earthquakes from 2004 through 2013", is a short chapter focusing on earthquake damage and economic growth. This chapter is an expansion of the index used in the previous two chapters, where we use global data instead of focusing on a single country. Using a comprehensive remotely sensed dataset of contour mapsof global earthquakes from 2004 through 2013 and utilizing global nightlights as an economic proxy we model economic impact in the year of the quakes and the year after. Overall, it is shown that earthquakes negatively impact local urban light emissions by 0.7 percent.Chapter 5 is named “A Whirlwind Romance: The Effect of Hurricanes on Fertility in Early 20th Century Jamaica" and deviates from the prior chapters in that it is a historical chapter that looks at birth rates in the early 1900s. The goal was to use the complete and long-term birth database for Jamaica and match this with hurricane data to check fertility rates. We create a hurricane destruction index derived from a wind speed model that we combine with data on more than 1 million births across different parishes in Jamaica. Analyzing the birth rate following damaging hurricanes, we find that there is a strong and significant negative effect of hurricane destruction on the number of birthsNatural disasters have always been and probably always will be a problem for humans and their settlements. With global warming seemingly increasing the frequency and strength of the climate related disasters, and more and more people being settled in urban centers, the ability to model and predict damage is more important than ever.The aim of this thesis has been to model and analyze a broad range of disaster types and the kind of impact that they have. By modeling damage indices for disaster types as different as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, the thesis helps with understanding both similarities and differences between how disasters work and what impact they have on societies experiencing them. The thesis comprises four different chapters in addition to this introduction, where all of them include modeling of one or more types of natural disasters and their impact on real world scenarios such as local budgets, birth rates and economic growth.Chapter 2 is titled “Natural Disaster Damage Indices Based on Remotely Sensed Data: An Application to Indonesia". The objective was to construct damage indices through remotely sensed and freely available data. In short, the methodology exploits that one can use nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity. Then the nightlights data is matched with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling. The data is then used to construct damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami. The chapter is forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017a).Chapter 3 utilizes the indices from Chapter 2 to showcase a potential area of use for them. The title is “The Reallocation of District-Level Spending and Natural Disasters: Evidence from Indonesia" and the focus is on Indonesian district-level budgets. The aim was to use the modeled intensity from Chapter 2 to a real world scenario that could affect policy makers. The results show that there is evidence that some disaster types cause districts to move costs away from more general line items to areas such as health and infrastructure, which are likely to experience added pressure due to disasters. Furthermore, volcanic eruptions and the tsunami led to less investment into more durable assets both for the year of the disaster and the following year. This chapter is also forthcoming as a World Bank Policy Research Paper under Skoufias et al. (2017b).The fourth chapter, titled “Urban Global Impact of Earthquakes from 2004 through 2013", is a short chapter focusing on earthquake damage and economic growth. This chapter is an expansion of the index used in the previous two chapters, where we use global data instead of focusing on a single country. Using a comprehensive remotely sensed dataset of contour mapsof global earthquakes from 2004 through 2013 and utilizing global nightlights as an economic proxy we model economic impact in the year of the quakes and the year after. Overall, it is shown that earthquakes negatively impact local urban light emissions by 0.7 percent.Chapter 5 is named “A Whirlwind Romance: The Effect of Hurricanes on Fertility in Early 20th Century Jamaica" and deviates from the prior chapters in that it is a historical chapter that looks at birth rates in the early 1900s. The goal was to use the complete and long-term birth database for Jamaica and match this with hurricane data to check fertility rates. We create a hurricane destruction index derived from a wind speed model that we combine with data on more than 1 million births across different parishes in Jamaica. Analyzing the birth rate following damaging hurricanes, we find that there is a strong and significant negative effect of hurricane destruction on the number of births
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Ghannam, Mohamed Ziyad. "Challenges and Opportunities of Having an IT Disaster Recovery Plan." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137266.
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There are various types of disasters and no one can expect when they will occur. IT disaster recovery plan (ITDRP) became one of the most important contingency plans for organizations in the event of disasters. Organizations started realizing the importance of having IT Disaster recovery plan but many hesitate to apply this plan before a disaster occurs. However, even when the importance of ITDRP is acknowledged in the IS field, most scholarly work has focused on the process and strategies while briefly looking at the challenges and benefits of the DRP. This paper aims to investigate the most common challenges associated with having an effective ITDRP and the opportunities associated with this plan. A qualitative study was conducted which consists 6 interviews within several organizations which have developed an ITDRP. The results show that top management support, staff issues, maintenance, and disaster recovery sites are the main challenges organizations face during DRP. While the benefits were data protection, reducing the interruption for business functions, enhancing the reliability for staff and IT services and speeding up the decision-making process.
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Garcia, Sharon Louise. "THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A STUDY OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2002t00032/00Garcia.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 150 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-149).
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Koffa, Morris Tennesse. "Emergency Management: A Qualitative Study of Flood Disaster Vulnerability in Liberia." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5018.
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Abstract
Flood disasters have been a challenge in Liberia for the past 15 years. The result has been hardship for residents, which has created major disruptions to social and economic services. Global warming, poor environmental conditions and weak disaster management policies among other factors are largely blamed for the floods. The conceptual framework for this study was Barton's collective stress theory and Edwards' varied response theory, which guided this exploration of how flood victims perceive the effectiveness of the Liberian government's flood disaster management strategies. A total of 25 participants were recruited for this grounded theory study. Twenty participants were victims of flooding and 5 participants were managers from government and non-governmental organizations (NGO) entities. Data were collected from open-ended semistructured interviews with the participants. Multiple sources such as individuals and group interviews, field notes were used to support the study. Data analysis utilized descriptive coding. Results suggest community and government needs include: (a) policies on zonal regulations to reduce the problem of flooded drainages, (b) funding and other support for disaster emergency management institutions, (c) decentralizing and empowering local government agencies for disaster emergency management, and (d) empowering communities themselves through funding and training to become the first line of defense when floods occur. This dissertation may support positive social change by highlighting the need for government to strengthen disaster management policies to include zoning and building permit regulations, funding for disaster emergency management institutions, and flood control.
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Benson, Charlotte. "The economy-wide impact of natural disasters in developing countries." Thesis, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409221.
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Naqvi, Asjad. "Deep Impact: Geo-Simulations as a Policy Toolkit for Natural Disasters." Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.015.
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Adverse post-natural disaster outcomes in low-income regions, like elevated internal migration levels and low consumption levels, are the result of market failures, poor mechanisms for stabilizing income, and missing insurance markets, which force the affected population to respond, and adapt to the shock they face. In a spatial environment, with multiple locations with independent but interconnected markets, these transitions quickly become complex and highly non-linear due to the feedback loops between the micro
individual-level decisions and the meso location-wise market decisions. To capture these continuously evolving micro-meso interactions, this paper presents a spatially explicit bottom-up agent-based model to analyze natural disaster-like shocks to low-income regions. The aim of the model is to temporally and spatially track how population distributions, income, and consumption levels evolve, in order to identify low-income workers that are "food insecure". The model is applied to the 2005 earthquake in northern Pakistan, which faced catastrophic losses and high levels of displacement in a short time span, and with market disruptions, resulted in high levels of food insecurity. The model is calibrated to pre-crisis trends, and shocked using distance-based output and labor loss functions to replicate the earthquake impact. Model results show, how various factors like existing income and saving levels, distance from the fault line, and connectivity to other locations, can give insights into the spatial and temporal emergence of vulnerabilities. The simulation framework presented here, leaps beyond existing modeling efforts, which usually deals with macro long-term loss estimates, and allows policy makers to come up with informed short-term policies in an environment where data is non-existent, policy response is time dependent, and resources are limited.
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Gaythorpe, Katherine. "The impact of natural disasters on the dynamics of infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681058.
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Over the course of this thesis we will build and develop a model for the dynamics of an environmentally transmitted disease such as cholera. We will also develop methods to analyse and understand that model. The dynamics of a disease in a heterogeneous developing world city have not yet been fully explored, particularly when those dynamics are affected by a natural disaster. Yet, natural disasters such as floods alter infrastructure and population characteristics in a manner that affects disease transmission. Therefore, we shall address this omission from the literature. We will also develop a novel model analysis framework for 'systems epidemiology' where we combine systems biology techniques with epidemiological modelling.
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Wishart, Hannah. "The Economic Impact of Natural Disasters on Food Security and SNAP Benefits." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492706056382996.
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Connor, Wilbert [Verfasser]. "The Impact of Natural Disasters on Labor Shortage in Dominica / Wilbert Connor." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219802476/34.
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Borden, Lynne. "Understanding the Impact of Disasters on the Lives of Children and Youth." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/157031.
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Sickmiller, Adam Byron. "Social vulnerability to natural disasters a study of Skopje, Macedonia /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1179513447.
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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 16, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: Earthquakes; International Development; Disaster Planning; Disaster Preparedness; Community Preparedness; Albanians in Macedonia; 1963 Skopje Earthquake Includes bibliographical references.
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SICKMILLER, ADAM BYRON. "SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS: A STUDY OF SKOPJE, MACEDONIA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179513447.
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Kim-Chung, Ye-Ryung (Claire). "Social Network Model for Accessing and Sharing Expertise During Disasters." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17701.
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Whether human-made or natural disasters, both could typically followed by chaos, this often results from an inadequate overall response. Preparedness is the best response to emergencies, and a multi-agent-based approach to coordination decision support systems often plays a significant role in disaster management and response. Using an integrated approach to facilitate coordination is considered important in dealing with disasters. Often, there are different kinds of coordination, such as physical coordination between emergent agencies or local agencies, and administrative coordination. While traditional disaster management studies have focused on coordination of managerial or government policy approaches, this study focuses on the direct local-based advice network used by emergency personnel (such as managers and volunteers) to understand how the properties of such human networks affect the ability to access and share expertise during a disaster incident in order to ensure prompt and accurate decisions. The key motivating question guiding this research is: how can the multi-level study of properties of social networks at network, actor and tie level help us understand the coordination that enables expertise access and sharing during disasters? Moreover, this study also asks: To what degree is this relationship associated with expertise coordination in a negative or positive manner? How are centralisation and efficiency in an individual’s social network associated with coordination? Do network constraints and tie strength in an individual’s social network negatively or positively affect coordination? This study uses novel theoretical approaches to suggest an empirical-based framework and methodology for exploring the relationship between the properties of social networks and coordination of expertise during disasters.
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Boyd, Ezra. "The Political Determinants of the Impact of Natural Disasters: A Cross-Country Comparison." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/41.
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While people all over the world are vulnerable to natural disasters, the available data clearly demonstrate a great deal of cross-country variance in the impact of catastrophic events. For example, while Hurricane Mitch took an estimated 13,000 lives when it struck Honduras and Nicaragua, the stronger Hurricane Andrew took only 26 lives when it impacted the United States. What factors explain this difference? Thus far, disaster researchers have emphasized economic and social vulnerability as determinants of disaster impact; the conventional wisdom accepts that poor and underdeveloped countries are more vulnerable than wealthy, developed countries. I argue that the political institutions of a country also matter and then examine the relative importance of political vulnerability as a determinant of disaster impact. I present evidence from case studies and large-N statistical analysis that demonstrates that, like social and economic vulnerability, political vulnerability is an important determinant of the impact of a natural disaster.
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Wang, Qi. "Human Mobility Perturbation and Resilience in Natural Disasters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51955.
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Natural disasters exert a profound impact on the world population. In 2012, natural disasters affected 106 million people, forcing over 31.7 million people to leave their homes. Climate change has intensified natural disasters, resulting in more catastrophic events and making extreme weather more difficult to predict. Understanding and predicting human movements plays a critical role in disaster evacuation, response and relief. Researchers have developed different methodologies and applied several models to study human mobility patterns, including random walks, Lévy flight, and Brownian walks. However, the extent to which these models may apply to perturbed human mobility patterns during disasters and the associated implications for improving disaster evacuation, response and relief efforts is lacking. My PhD research aims to address the limitation in human mobility research and gain a ground truth understanding of human mobility patterns under the influence of natural disasters. The research contains three interdependent projects. In the first project, I developed a novel data collecting system. The system can be used to collect large scale data of human mobility from large online social networking platforms. By analyzing both the general characteristics of the collected data and conducting a case study in NYC, I confirmed that the data collecting system is a viable venue to collect empirical data for human mobility research. My second project examined human mobility patterns in NYC under the influence of Hurricane Sandy. Using the data collecting system developed in the first project, I collected 12 days of human mobility data from NYC. The data set contains movements during and several days after the strike of Hurricane Sandy. The results showed that human mobility was strongly perturbed by Hurricane Sandy, but meanwhile inherent resilience was observed in human movements. In the third project, I extended my research to fifteen additional natural disasters from five categories. Using over 3.5 million data entries of human movement, I found that while human mobility still followed the Lévy flight model during these disaster events, extremely powerful natural disasters could break the correlation between human mobility in steady states and perturbation states and thus destroy the inherent resilience in human mobility. The overall findings have significant implications in improving understanding and predicting human mobility under the influence of natural disasters and extreme events.Ph. D.
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Fugate-Whitlock, Elizabeth. "Natural Disasters and Older Adults: The Social Construction of Disaster Planning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2617.
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Examining older adults’ experiences with and response toward hurricanes within the context of the community of residence is key to both understanding their experiences and planning for future hurricanes. Specific to this research, the objective was to understand the current social network of older adults, or who provides care for whom under what circumstances, using the social constructionist perspective. Grounded theory combined with action research was the theoretical orientation guiding the study. Sources of data included the collection of household disaster plans, semi-structured interviews with older adult residents of housing authority neighborhoods, semi-structured interviews with community planners, and observation of community planning meetings. Data were gathered from older adults living in housing authority communities in Southeastern North Carolina using guidelines established by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to develop individual disaster plans. The individual disaster plans were completed during face to face meetings with the older adults, as were semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews were also completed with area planners. Agendas, minutes, and observational notes from disaster planning meetings were collected. The content of the individual disaster plans, semi-structured interviews, and observation notes were then analyzed to determine gaps that must be addressed in order to meet the overall needs of the community. Working with participants, the housing authority disaster response committee, and county planners, a neighborhood plan will be developed that reflects the social construction of all concerned for use in response to future hurricanes. The impact of the multiple levels of communities was apparent in this research. While common thematic processes emerged in data analysis, planners, housing authority personnel and residents of housing communities define community differently. There is discordance when they identify needed resources, and when they reflect on past experience. A power differential which resulted in stifling was also observed.
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Blawn, Janet L. "Preparing individuals with mental illnesses for disasters| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527678.
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Natural disasters and catastrophic events have devastated hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide. While governmental and disaster relief agencies attempt to respond as quickly as possible, individuals can be cut off from resources and services for extended periods, increasing stress and health complications. Individuals with mental illnesses are even more vulnerable in the aftermath of a disaster when they are cut off from vital medications and therapeutic services. Disaster preparedness promotes resilience and empowers individuals to take personal responsibility for their safety. The purpose of this project was to identify potential funding sources and write a grant proposal that funds the development and implementation of disaster preparedness classes for individuals living in the community with mental illnesses. Actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.
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Khalili, Sanaz. "A Temporal Social Resilience Framework of Communities to Disasters in Australia and Social Network Enabled Social Resilience." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16840.
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The frequency and impact of disasters is on an upward trajectory and, given considerations of climate change and population growth, is projected to continue to increase. There is therefore an imminent need to advance research on factors of disaster resilience and recovery in order to reduce the impacts of these future extreme events on society. This research focuses on identifying social resilience indicators and providing a novel framework for quantifying social resilience with the aim of enhancing the ability of communities to withstand disaster. Although there has been considerable research interest in various aspects of community resilience to disasters, there have been no studies to the author’s knowledge that have gathered all social resilience indicators and constructed a unified holistic framework to cover the three phases of the disaster management cycle (i.e., pre-disaster, response and recovery). Similarly, there have not been any studies that have used social network analysis to explore the impact of the role of social network positionality and structure on social resilience. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) identify the most essential social resilience indicators within communities from previous similar studies in all phases of disaster, (ii) assess these indicators against different case studies, through interviews with subject matter experts within the New South Wales State Emergency Service, then (iii) provide a unified and novel model for social resilience through the addition of (iv) data collected through an online survey within the SES volunteers from which the author (v) propose a framework for the effect of social networks on social resilience. To this effect, the author conducted two phases of research, the first relying on literature review and in-depth interviews and the second relying an online survey for data collection. The results of these were then used to propose the addition of social network analysis. The study seeks not only to advance the state of knowledge on social resilience to disaster, but also to produce actionable knowledge that can improve community preparation for and response to disaster.
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Ho, Clara Wing-chung, and 何劉詠聰. "Ideas of "women as roots of disasters" in the Han period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231585.
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Rajdev, Meet. "Fake and Spam Messages: Detecting Misinformation During Natural Disasters on Social Media." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4462.
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During natural disasters or crises, users on social media tend to easily believe contents of postings related to the events, and retweet the postings, hoping that the postings will be reached by many other users. Unfortunately, there are malicious users who understand the tendency and post misinformation such as spam and fake messages with expecting wider propagation. To resolve the problem, in this paper we conduct a case study of the 2013 Moore Tornado and Hurricane Sandy. Concretely, we (i) understand behaviors of these malicious users; (ii) analyze properties of spam, fake and legitimate messages; (iii) propose at and hierarchical classification approaches; and (iv) detect both fake and spam messages with even distinguishing between them. Our experimental results show that our proposed approaches identify spam and fake messages with 96.43% accuracy and 0.961 F-measure.
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Zhang, Yachen. "Social Identity and Depersonalization in Dark Tourist Experience." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404459.
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Social identity is part of an individual’s self-concept. A sense of social identity helps meet the demand of people for seeking social identification, alleviate ontological insecurity amongst general public and bring about positive attitudinal and behavioural changes in favour of the corresponding social group. Dark tourism, defined as activities of traveling to places associated with death and tragedy, is a burgeoning and fertile ground to ponder social identities. However, a comprehensive and systemic analysis of how social identities permeate tourist experience is missing. Moreover, empirical research with appropriate theoretical foundations to identify factors contributing to salient social identities is yet to be explored. Drawing upon Multifaceted model of the visitor experience and Self-categorization theory, the current research adopts a socio-psychological approach and aims to address those gaps. This thesis employs three studies reported in three chapters to address three main research questions. In Study 1, the thesis addresses the first research question, i.e., Does social identity exist in the tourist experience at post natural disaster sites? and examines the existence of different social identities in post natural disaster dark tourism context. Study 2 of this thesis approaches the second research question, i.e., How are social identities manifested in the tourist experience at post natural disaster sites? and unpacks visitors’ multi-layered experiences at post natural disaster sites, thereby laying a foundation for exploring the manifestation of social identities. Study 3 expands our understanding of what factors underpin the salience of social identities, answering the third research question, i.e., What triggers the salience of social identities at post natural disaster sites? Data were obtained from four post-disaster sites and semi-structured interviews were conducted in situ, with approximately 200 visitors (n=42 participants in the Beichuan Earthquake Ruins of Sichuan Province, China, n=69 participants in the Quake City (museum) of Christchurch, New Zealand, n=44 participants in Pompeii Excavations of Naples, Italy and n=41 participants in Tangshan Earthquake Memorial Park of Tangshan, China). Thematic and network analysis were performed using NVivo 12 and Gephi 0.9.2 software to depict the category, interaction and direction of themes.
This thesis has four major contributions. First, this research verified the existence of social identity and a full spectrum of salient social identity in post natural disaster dark tourism context, moving from a personal, to an intermediate and a superordinate level of social identity. Second, this research outlined social identities, including human identity, national identity and family identity, interweaving with cognitive, emotional, introspective, sensory and relational experience aspects. Third, this research identified various triggers of multilevel social identity, with cognition of identity attributes and external stimuli as fundamental triggers shared by all three social identities. Finally, a framework, synthesizing all above findings, has been proposed for understanding salient multi-levelled social identities in the post natural disaster dark tourism context. This thesis therefore offers an empirical, timely and pragmatic guideline that can be applied by academics and/or practitioners to further deepen our understanding of social identity phenomenon and enhance the meaning-making work at post natural disaster dark tourism settings.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Arabaci, Okan. "Blockchain consensus mechanisms : the case of natural disasters." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355715.
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Blockchain is described as a trustworthy distributed service for parties that do not fully trust each other. It enables business transactions to be handled without a third party or central governance. For this distributed and concurrent communication to work, a consensus mechanism needs to be implemented into the blockchain protocol. This mechanism will dictate how and when new blocks can be added and in some cases, by whom. The medical industry suffers from many informational inefficiencies. Data is scattered across many different databases and the lack of coordination often results in mishandling of the data. This is especially clear when a natural disaster hits and time is of the essence. The purpose of this thesis is to assess how much a blockchain solution and its consensus mechanism can resist unusual behavior before they behave erratically. This involves analyzing design parameters and translating parameters from a disaster into a simulation to run tests. Overall, this thesis will explore if blockchain is a compatible solution to the difficulties in natural disaster response. This was obtained by conducting a qualitative study and developing a prototype and simulating disaster parameters in the prototype blockchain network. A set of test cases was created. The results show that the resilience differs significantly depending on consensus mechanism. Key parameters include consensus finality, scalability, byzantine tolerance, performance and blockchain type. Blockchain is well suited to handle typical challenges in natural disaster response: it results in faster allocation of medical care and more accurate information collection, as well as in a system which allows seamlessly for the integration of external organizations in the blockchain network.
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Bertiz, Maria Paula Vincent. "Social vulnerability and adaptation to natural disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601459.
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My thesis analyzes the determinants of the differential impact of natural disasteIS in Latin America and the Caribbean identifying the political, social and economic structures that determine social outcomes of narural disasters. It studies two adaptation tools, one individual (social capital) and one institutional (public spending and humanitarian aid) that could reduce the social impact of natural disasters. At aggregate level (countries) I conduct a time-series cross-section (I'SCS) analysis, between 1960 and 2010, to analyze the impact of social capital. international aid, and public spending on the number of deaths caused by natural disasters. At individual level, I use logistic regression models to predict the probability of becoming poor aft:er the Haitian and Chilean earthquakes in 2010. Findings at aggregated level confirm that higher the levels of social capital. disaster relief aid and public spending lower the number of casualties due to a natural disaster. However, the efficacy of these tools depends on the institutiorul framework of the country. Countries with higher democratization levels public spending is more effective in reducing the death roll after natural disasters. On the contrary, in more autocratic governments humanitarian aid becomes more efficient in reducing the death rate. The individual level results show that the social pamclpation and network ties are fundamental in reducing the impact of the earthquakes on the levels of poverty "With some differences between the countries. Regarding institutional mechanisms. both in Haiti and Chile the previous levels of public spending and aid within societies do help in mitigating the impact of disasters, however, results demonstrate the funding distributed afterwards encounter several limitations.
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Alshehri, Adel. "A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Community Engagement on Social Media During Disasters." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7728.
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The use of social media is expanding significantly and can serve a variety of purposes. Over the last few years, users of social media have played an increasing role in the dissemination of emergency and disaster information. It is becoming more common for affected populations and other stakeholders to turn to Twitter to gather information about a crisis when decisions need to be made, and action is taken. However, social media platforms, especially on Twitter, presents some drawbacks when it comes to gathering information during disasters. These drawbacks include information overload, messages are written in an informal format, the presence of noise and irrelevant information. These factors make gathering accurate information online very challenging and confusing, which in turn may affect public, communities, and organizations to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. To address these challenges, we present an integrated three parts (clustering-classification-ranking) framework, which helps users choose through the masses of Twitter data to find useful information. In the first part, we build standard machine learning models to automatically extract and identify topics present in a text and to derive hidden patterns exhibited by a dataset. Next part, we developed a binary and multi-class classification model of Twitter data to categorize each tweet as relevant or irrelevant and to further classify relevant tweets into four types of community engagement: reporting information, expressing negative engagement, expressing positive engagement, and asking for information. In the third part, we propose a binary classification model to categorize the collected tweets into high or low priority tweets. We present an evaluation of the effectiveness of detecting events using a variety of features derived from Twitter posts, namely: textual content, term frequency-inverse document frequency, Linguistic, sentiment, psychometric, temporal, and spatial. Our framework also provides insights for researchers and developers to build more robust socio-technical disasters for identifying types of online community engagement and ranking high-priority tweets in disaster situations.
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Bui, Uy Ngoc. "After the storm : natural disasters and development in Vietnam /." Bergen : Department of Social Anthropology, University of Bergen, 2008. https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/3014/1/47689501.pdf.
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Javed, Yielmaz. "Economic Impact of Natural Disasters : Tracking the Medium-Short term Growth Time Path in Asian Countries." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12743.
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Past decades have witnessed evidence to large-scale upheaval caused by natural disasters. Thus, there is a need for determination of mechanisms through which natural disasters may influence growth, especially for developing countries. This paper traces the medium-short run time path of agricultural and industrial output growth response to four types of disasters in Southern and Southeastern Asian countries. Disasters considered are floods, droughts, storms and earthquakes. The empirical results suggest heterogeneous effects for disasters as well as different economic sectors. In many cases disaster impact was delayed. Generally speaking, floods and droughts have a stronger effect while earthquakes and storms have a weaker one on disaggregated output growth. Floods have a predominantly posi-tive effect while droughts have a negative one on both agricultural and industrial sectors. Storms seem to show a stronger negative effect in the agricultural sector than in industrial sector hinting at existence of short lived indirect effects. Earth-quakes, on the other hand, presented ambiguous growth responses.
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Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem Ademola. "Mitigating and Preparing for Disasters: A Survey of Memphis Organizations." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28187.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. William L. Waugh; Committee Member: Dr. Ronald G. Cummings; Committee Member: Dr. Douglas S. Noonan; Committee Member: Dr. Robert B. Olshansky; Committee Member: Dr. Christopher M. Weible
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Hamra, Jafar Sadeq Abdulhadi. "Network Effects on Learning during Disasters: The Case of Australian Bushfires." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9408.
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Understanding factors that enhance or diminish learning levels of individuals and teams is significant for achieving both individual (low level) and organisational (high level) goals. In this study, the effect of social network factors at all levels of analysis (actor level, dyadic level and network level) on learning attitudes of emergency personnel in emergency events is investigated. Based on social network concepts of structural holes and strength of weak ties, and the social influence model of learning, a conceptual model is developed. To test and validate the model, data was collected from the transcripts of the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission reports in conjunction with the 2008 Australian Inter-Service Incident Management System (AIIMS) survey. Secondly, network measures were applied for exploring the association with learning from a sample of people working within Incident Management Teams, combat roles and coordination centres across Australia and New Zealand. Empirical results suggest that social network factors at all levels of analysis (actor, dyadic and network levels) of emergency personnel play a crucial role in individual and team learning. The contextual implication from the quantitative and qualitative findings of this research is that when approaches for improving the emergency response at an interpersonal level are contemplated, the importance of social structure, position and relations in the networks of emergency personnel needs to be considered carefully as part of the overall individual and organisation-level goals. With this model of learning-related work activity, based on network connectedness, emergency staff members can strengthen their capacity to be flexible and adaptable. The findings of this study may be appreciated by emergency managers or administrators for developing an emergency practice culture to optimise individual and team learning and adaptability within an emergency management context.
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Southard, Nicole. "The Socio-Political and Economic Causes of Natural Disasters." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1720.
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To effectively prevent and mitigate the outbreak of natural disasters is a more pressing issue in the twenty-first century than ever before. The frequency and cost of natural disasters is rising globally, most especially in developing countries where the most severe effects of climate change are felt. However, while climate change is indeed a strong force impacting the severity of contemporary catastrophes, it is not directly responsible for the exorbitant cost of the damage and suffering incurred from natural disasters -- both financially and in terms of human life. Rather, the true root causes of natural disasters lie within the power systems at play in any given society when these regions come into contact with a hazard event. Historic processes of isolation, oppression, and exploitation, combined with contemporary international power systems, interact in complex ways to affect different socioeconomic classes distinctly. The result is to create vulnerability and scarcity among the most defenseless communities. These processes affect a society’s ideological orientation and their cultural norms, empowering some while isolating others. When the resulting dynamic socio-political pressures and root causes come into contact with a natural hazard, a disaster is likely to follow due to the high vulnerability of certain groups and their inability to adapt as conditions change. In this light, the following discussion exposes the anthropogenic roots of natural disasters by conducting a detailed case analysis of natural disasters in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Nepal.