Dissertations / Theses: 'Social impacts of mining'

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Schwab, Julia. "Undermining the Local: Power, Acceptance, and Confidence surrounding a Chilean Mining Operation : Social Impacts of the Mining Operation Los Pelambres on the Cuncumén Community." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413487.

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The present ethnographic research explores the socio-economic repercussions of a copper mining operation in Chile on its host community. By examining the development of the relationship between this local community and the mining company since the latter’s arrival, this thesis sheds light on the possible (secondary) impacts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures and participatory spaces on intracommunal dynamics. Previous work has emphasized that enduring relationships involving participatory decision-making are crucial to build up trust and acceptance towards mining operations. However, these studies have not sufficiently focused on how such participatory mechanisms and ‘friendly’ relationships play out within the communities, on an intracommunal level. This research has addressed this gap by conducting an ethnographic fieldwork in a local community and capturing the community member’s view on the role of the mining company and their CSR measures for them and their community as a whole. This thesis found that the troublesome past with the mining operation has damaged the host community’s trust and acceptance in the involved mining companies. While disappointment and distrust were carried into more recent negotiations, community members also build up confidence and hope for a more harmonious relationship bearing new opportunities for their community. However, tracing back the history between the local community and the mining company, the thesis found that relations between the mining company and locals oscillated between protest against and dialogue. This shows that while (in-) direct economic benefits are recognized and appreciated, detrimental environmental impacts are not overlooked and still denounced. Furthermore, the rather corporate- than community-centered approach of the mining company’s CSR is criticized because it (1) neglects the common good, and (2) treats some groups/individuals in the community as more entitled to receive benefit than others. A general lack of reflection on the part of the mining company is attested: the mining company’s CSR leads to unwanted intracommunal discontent. The majority of the community leaders have full-time jobs and other obligations in addition to the time-consuming roles and related engagement on behalf of the community. On top of that, they lack sufficient support and participation of other community members to advance the work in the participatory spaces more efficiently and address the shortcomings of the commitments of the mining company accurately. However, there are historical reasons, rumors about corruption related to the mining company, and a violent discussion culture which step by step lead to a withdrawal of many community members from participating. In general, distrust, disunity, and disinformation dominate the atmosphere when it comes to the participatory spaces – but also more and more when it comes to community life itself. This in turn was observed to be both a product of and precondition for a prevailing victim mentality among the community which is characterized by demotivation, passivity, and pessimism. Valuable energy is trapped in a vicious circle rather than channeled towards action: there is no unified effort to address the problems on a community-mine level, the community stays overwhelmed, and in turn, has a hard time focusing and targeting the different issues they are facing systematically.
Mining of copper and molybdenum are crucial for our modern lifestyle: they are used for example in electronics, construction, alloys, and transport. Often, the use and consumption of such minerals are alienated from their extraction and production. There is an extensive body of literature on the environmental impacts of mining operations on the ground, however, there is also a need for a more sophisticated analysis which goes beyond the notion of the mere ‘ecological environment’. In this sense, anthropology can make an important contribution in the (re-)presentation of local realities. Therefore, this thesis critically examines, over time, the social and economic repercussions of a mining operation on its host community. Also, it discusses the so called ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) measures implemented by the mining company to gain more acceptance within the local community. By conducting an ethnographic fieldwork in a local community in Chile, I captured the community member’s opinions of the mining operation next door and the CSR program. The thesis found that relations between the mining company and locals oscillated between protest against and dialogue. While economic benefits, for example through jobs or donations for the community, are recognized and appreciated, detrimental environmental impacts are denounced. The rather troublesome past with the mining company has damaged the host community’s trust in and acceptance of the mining operation. However, some community members are still confident and hope for new opportunities through the CSR measures conducted by the mining company. Yet, the CSR approach is also criticized because it (1) neglects the common good, and (2) treats some groups/individuals in the community as more entitled to receive benefit than others. A general lack of reflection on the part of the mining company is attested: the mining company’s CSR leads to unwanted intracommunal discontent. In general, the thesis found that the scope and severity of the environmental and socio-economic problems the host community is facing is overwhelming its capacity to engage and respond effectively. The majority of the community leaders have full-time jobs and other obligations in addition to the time-consuming roles and related engagement on behalf of the community. On top of that, many community members have withdrawn from participatory decision-making spaces. Rumors about corruption have spread distrust among the community and a violent discussion culture has fostered demotivation and disunity. This atmosphere is affecting not just these participatory spaces, but more and more community life itself. This in turn was observed to be both a product of and precondition for a prevailing victim mentality among the community. Such a victim mentality is characterized by passivity and pessimism. Valuable energy is trapped in a vicious circle rather than channeled towards action: there is no unified effort to address the problems with the mining company, the community stays overwhelmed, and in turn, has a hard time focusing and targeting the different issues they are facing systematically.

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Mengwe, Moses Seargent. "Towards social impact assessment of copper-nickel mining in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1443.

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This research study is more of an initiative towards Social Impact Assessment of copper-nickel mining in Botswana. The specific objectives of the study were centred on the assessment of the social impacts of copper-nickel mining in Botswana from the initial mining stage of exploration, surveying and mine site development to mine closure. The study was carried out under the broad hypotheses that mining influences population movement that impact on areas of mining; mining activities have both economic benefits and deleterious social impacts on the local communities found in the areas where mining is taking place; and mine closure has far reaching socio-economic, investment and developmental implications over and above the obvious interests of project owners. To achieve the broad aim as summarised above, the research study used a multi-disciplinary methodology and approach that required several kinds of expertise and sources of information. Hence it used both primary and secondary sources centred on interactive informative interviews, site visits and observations, questionnaires, census data records, mining companies’ publications, published textbooks and journal articles. The research study comprised of three different mines operated by three different mining companies in three varied socio-cultural and ethnic regions of Botswana. First was a detailed Social Impact Assessment of the initial phase of exploration, surveying and mine site development represented by Mowana mine project operated by African Copper in the rural areas of Dugwi and Mosetse. This case study yielded results showing that the social impacts of mining in the area are diverse and extensive. The findings suggest that the impacts relate not only to the possible economic benefits of foreign exchange, employment, the optimal use of available mineral resources and the possible development of Dugwi and Mosetse villages, but extends to the deleterious social impacts. The results also indicated that the social impacts have just begun in the two communities. Hence they point towards a possible disruption within the socio-cultural system of the local people if serious mitigation measures are not put in place; thus suggesting that the early stages of exploration and mine site development results in the most conflict between the mine and the local people. Second was a comprehensive Social Impact Assessment of Tati-Nickel Phoenix mining project in the peri-urban areas of Matshelagabedi and Matsiloje areas representing the mining stage of mine production and expansion. The results from this case study suggest that during vi mine production and expansion, many people were relocated. However, the overriding impression gained from the case study was Tati-Nickel Mining Company’s elaborate corporate policies that suggested good corporate governance and best practices that promote sustainable development. A notable milestone on good corporate governance and best practice that the other two case studies (mining company) could benchmark on is Tati-Nickel’s corporate social responsibility programme that has been designed to ensure that the communities within a fifty kilometre mine radius benefit from the mine. The results from the case study also distinguished the mining stage of production and expansion from the other two because it is associated with the deep entrenchment of the social impacts into the communities near to mining areas. Third was a detailed Social Impact Assessment on Bamangwato Concession Limited mine in the industrial town of Selebi-Phikwe. The case study represented the stage of mine closure. Through the findings of this case study, it became apparent that the economic dependence of Selebi-Phikwe on mining has seen the town developing into a mining town, increasing its vulnerability at mine closure. The results from the case study further suggest that mine closure will degrade the socio-economic sector of the town with ever far reaching socio-economic implications as many people lose their gainful employment, hence suggesting that a possible complete mine closure will be the most traumatic phase leading to major social conflict within the area. Thus the results suggest that at mine closure, the deleterious social impacts will overspill to other areas in Botswana with disastrous effects for the economy of the country. The results yielded through this study established in clear and passionate language that copper-nickel mining in Botswana influences population movements that lead to positive and negative impacts on the communities found in mining areas. Another major finding of the study is that copper-nickel mining activities have both economic benefits and deleterious social impacts on the local communities, hence the recommendation that the copper-nickel mining companies should embrace the concept of sustainable mining for sustainable development to avoid most of the negative impacts of their operations on the local communities.

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Godard, Michel. "Enjeux et impacts de l'exploitation minière du bassin houiller de Ronchamp (1810/1870)." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010900.

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Le petit bassin minier de Ronchamp Champagney, situé dans les Vosges saônoises à environ soixante-dix kilomètres au Sud de Mulhouse, a été exploité de 1750 à 1958. Ce mémoire retrace l'histoire de l'exploitation charbonnière de 1812 à 1867, période de basculement technique au moment de la première révolution industrielle. Le mode d'extraction change de technologie et d'échelle pour stabiliser à la fois ses structures techniques et son espace d'exploitation. L'analyse prend le parti d'un double regard celui des enjeux de fond et des contraintes de surface, appréhendés principalement à partir des procès-verbaux des délibérations des conseils d'administration et des assemblées générales. Cette histoire reste liée à la vision entrepreneuriale de quelques notables locaux et à la persistance de relations familiales et personnelles. Ignorée par une métallurgie comtoise agonisante, paradoxalement la concession houillère contribue fortement au processus d'industrialisation alsacien, fournissant du charbon aux chaudières des machines à vapeur. L'histoire du bassin minier de Ronchamp, bien qu'enclavé dans son territoire, atteste néanmoins la réalité d'une modernité technique, et la quête permanente d'une rationalité productive.

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Flores, Jose Cruz do Carmo. "Fechamento da mina : aspectos tecnicos, juridicos e socioambientais." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286759.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flores_JoseCruzdoCarmo_D.pdf: 3690114 bytes, checksum: 115eb3898eda96859bdbb86ae31dfa21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: o fechamento de mina insere-se como uma nova fase na vida do projeto de mineração. Seus principais objetivos são garantir que a saúde e a segurança públicas não serão comprometidas no futuro; que os recursos ambientais não serão expostos a posterior deterioração biológica, física e ou química; que o uso pós-mineração da propriedade será benéfico à comunidade e sustentável no longo prazo; e que quaisquer impactos socioeconômicos adversos serão mitigados. Os conceitos e procedimentos relativos ao fechamento de mina vêm se expandindo rapidamente, em termos de escopo e responsabilidade dos principais grupos interessados, dentre eles governo, empresas, comunidades impactadas e organizações não-governamentais (ONGs), instituições financeiras de crédito e outros componentes da sociedade civil. O Direito - como ciência social que o é - vem explicitando a consciência e a preocupação da sociedade com o adequado e seguro fechamento das minas, e internalizando as melhores práticas par.a se atingir seus objetivos. Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo e análise da arte do fechamento de mina sob os seus diversos aspectos. Ressalta-se a importância econômica e social da mineração, através da análise dos aspectos positivos e negativos desta atividade humana. Introduz-se o fechamento de mina como uma nova fase do projeto de mineração. Apresentam-se os conceitos de alguns termos usualmente encontrados nos trabalhos relativos ao tema fechamento de mina. Apontam-se as principais causas que conduzem ao fechamento, os tipos de fechamento que podem ocorrer e as etapas que integram o processo. Analisam-se os principais impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais advindos do fechamento. Abordam-se os aspectos técnicos, jurídicos e socioambientais inerentes ao fechamento de mina na legislação de alguns países selecionados. Sintetiza-se a regulamentação do tema na legislação brasileira. Expõem-se os programas de fechamento de algumas minas brasileiras, de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Ao final, recomendam-se algumas questões inerentes ao evento, como sugestões para futuros estudos e pesquisas, e apresenta-se, como apêndice, a proposta de um conjunto de diretrizes, como contribuição ao estudo do tema e à progressiva regulamentação desta fase do projeto de mineração no Brasil
Abstract: Mine closure is a new stage in the life of a mining project. Its main objectives are guarantee that the future public hea1th and safety are not compromised; environmental resources are not subject to further physical and chemical deterioration; the post-mining use of a site is beneficial and sustainable in the long-tenn; and any adverse socio-economic impacts are minimized. The concepts and principIes surrounding mine closure are rapidly evolving in tenns of the supposed scope and responsibility of the major interested groups, among them government, industry, impacted communities and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), financial institutions and other components of civil society. The Law - as a social science - has highlighted the society conscious and preoccupation with the proper and safe mine closure and intemalized the best practices to achieve its purposes. This thesis focuses in the study and analysis of the evolution of mine closure art - under its several aspects. Highlight the economic and social importance of mining, through the analysis of positive and negative aspects of this human activity. Mine closure is introduced as new stage of the mining project. It is presented the concepts of some tenns usually employed in studies related to mine closure. Emphasize the main causes that can direct to closure, the types of closure that can occur and the steps part of this processo The main environmental, economic and social impacts from the mine closure process are analysed. Deal with technical, legal, social and environmental aspects in the law of some selected countries. Synthesize mine closure regulation in the Brazilian Law. Approach the programmes in course for closure of some small, medium and large size Brazilian mines. At the end recommends some points inherent to mine closure as suggestions to future researches and presents, as an appendix, a proposal of guidelines as a contribution to the study and the progressive regulation on mine closure in Brazil
Doutorado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Doutor em Ciências

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Schünke, Marco Aurélio. "Aplicação de algoritmos de classificação para análise dos fatores que influenciam na predição do fator de impacto nas redes sociais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134588.

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Atualmente empresas como Google e Facebook fazem parte da lista das maiores companhias do mundo. O investimento em publicidade e criação de páginas para a divulgação de anúncios e marcas, tem levado o Facebook a uma posição de destaque neste cenário. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar e predizer o número de interações em notícias divulgadas em cinco páginas de fãs, que se constituem nas mais acessadas da Rede Social Facebook no Brasil. Como contribuição propõem-se determinar o fator de impacto de publicações, considerando a média de três características mencionadas, o número de curtidas, o número de comentários e o número de vezes que a notícia foi compartilhada. Serão avaliados resultados da aplicação de diferentes técnicas para a classificação, além da influência de características relacionadas a palavras e termos mais frequentes, verificando qual combinação produz melhores resultados no processo de gerar um modelo de aprendizado para prever o Fator de Impacto de notícias publicadas nas páginas de fãs da Rede Social Facebook. Apresenta-se também os motivos que podem exercer influência no fator de impacto através do processo de descoberta de conhecimentos em base de dados e também fazendo uso de técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural com o objetivo de atender a expectativa do trabalho.
Currently companies as Google and Facebook are on the top of the largest companies in the world and according to news released on the website tecmundo the main reason that led to this privileged position, in particular Facebook, appears to be the result of its investments in publicity focused on mobile devices through general advertisements in its own social network. In this context the present research aims to estimate the number of news interactions published on the five most accessed fans pages of Facebook Social Network in Brazil. Are considered examples of interactions in this study the number of likes, the number of comments and also the amount of times a message was shared. As also disclose attributes that influence interactions. As a contribution is proposed the impact factor of a publication, considering the average of three mentioned interactions, the number of likes, the number of comments and also the number of times the news was shared, in order to improve the results in predicting interactions of a fan page of Facebook Social Network. In addition to analyze the results of prediction algorithms applying different techniques of text pre- processing checking which combination produces best results in generating a learning process model to foresee the impact of news published on Facebooks fan pages and exhibit reasons that may influence the impact factor through the discovering process of database knowledge, from the feeling analysis as well as making use of processing of natural language techniques in order to fulfill work expectation.

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Turton, David John. "The changing social geography of energy impacted communities with particular reference to coal mining in Eastern England : an investigation into the social interaction of mining families in village communities across the Selby Coalfield." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285875.

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Assefa Hassen, Yohannes. "The Impacts of Mining on Arctic Environment and Society from Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Perspectives : The Case of Jokkmokk (Kallak) Iron Mines in Northern Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130518.

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Extractive industry in Arctic is controversial due to the ecosystems and communities in the region are highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances as it is one of the world’s global change hot-spots, as well as its uniqueness and distinctive social and ecological significance. As mining industry has developed into sophisticated operations, yet the basic causes of environmental pollution and degradation and impacts on the natural environment of the Arctic region remain unchanged. Mining in this environment may be faced with dilemmas as the result of adverse impacts they may cause and their escalating environmental footprints; as well as reactions from pressure groups and indigenous peoples, which in turn may have a detrimental effect on their reputations and financial performances. This may further have social, environmental and political risks in their present and future roles and operations. Thus, the mining industry ought to recognize the impacts in their operations, and are required to work towards minimizing the adverse impacts and maximizing the substantial benefits of their actions on the environment, the community and local people. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability are supposed to be two of several principles used to examine the social and environmental endeavours and results of business activity. The aim of this thesis is to assess the environmental and social impacts associated with major mining operations Arctic region, and to conduct preliminary review of the perspectives of CSR and sustainable development in countries across the Arctic region and subarctic, especially the United States of America (USA), Finland and Sweden. As well as conduct comparative study and analysis on how corporate entities in these countries dealing with the two theoretical frameworks and how they are approached in practice and managed, and information are disclosed. The study also concentrates on how these issues can be handled in the case of Jokkmokk (Kallak) Iron Mines in Sweden. Different methodological approaches and techniques have been adopted in this study. The literature review is supplemented by interviews with strategically important stakeholders. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statement is reviewed and conceptual modeling is also employed to demonstrate the dynamic effects and consequences of the Kallak North Iron Mines. The findings in this thesis propose that the corporations’ in the USA show differences from those of the European countries in defining and addressing social and environmental concerns; as well as managing CSR and sustainability issues and communicating them as there are qualitatively different practices and approaches to CSR in these countries. In conclusion, main points are suggested as important recommendations entailing of some clear expectations to fulfill on how CSR and sustainability issues may be handled by extractive industry including the case of Jokkmokk (Kallak North) Iron Mines.

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Lagercrantz, Hedvig, and Shima Khabbaz. "The Platinum Boom in Rustenburg and the Bust of the Community : A case study of the Natural Resource Curse in South Africa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87940.

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The dependence on natural resources is not a new phenomenon and it has posed issues in undiversified economies. The social impact that the booming of the mining industry has on the local level is still an area in need of investigation. The case study seeks to understand how the platinum mines of the boomtown Rustenburg have impacted the local social fabrics through 22 qualitative interviews in Rustenburg. The city is situated on the North West Province Platinum Belt and produces half of the world's platinum. The boom in the platinum industry is responsible for Rustenburg's influx of people and economic growth. The analysis adopts the assumptions of the Linear Model of the Social Disruption theory and the Psychological Process of the Place Person Process Framework. The central assumption of the Linear Model is that population growth and population density leads to the informal ties of the population being weakened. Meanwhile, the psychological process assumes that groups and individuals relate to a place through psychological interaction. The study finds that the boom of the platinum industry has disrupted the social fabric through a loss in informal ties and the phenomenon of broken families has become common. The influx of people in a combination of weak institutions has led to an unhealthy society where unemployment and the crime rates are high and people are suffering from bad health conditions. It is understood that mining has changed the attitudes of the people toward Rustenburg, and has created a mining mentality. The study contributes to the understanding of the social impact of the resource curse on a local level by investigating how booms in mining industries impact the social fabric on a local level and how the impact is expressed locally. The empirical findings of the study can be beneficial for local stakeholders of Rustenburg with the purpose of improving local policies.

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Du, Plessis Wympje. "The social responsibility of the South African mining companies dealing with HIV/AIDS employees / Wympje du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/693.

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Organisations play a major and increasingly important role in the lives of us all, especially with the growth of large-scale business and the divorce of ownership from management. The decisions and actions of management in organisations have an increasing impact on individuals, other organisations and the community. The power and influence which many business now exercise should be tempered, therefore, by an attitude of responsibility by management. The importance of the exercise of social responsibility can no longer be based on the assumption that the self-interest of the owner of the property will lead to the public good, or that self-interest and public good can be kept apart and considered to have nothing to do with each other. On the contrary, it requires of the manager that he assume responsibility for the public good, that he subordinate his actions to an ethical standard of conduct, and that he restrain his self-interest and his authority wherever their exercise would infringe upon the common weal and upon the freedom of the individual. South Africa is one of the countries with the fastest growing incidents of HIV/AIDS in the world. More people are living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa than in any other country in the world. Just in the past decade, the life expectancy in South Africa has dropped from 67 to 43 years. The social and economic impact of the disease is hard to overstate. HIV/AIDS affect companies through its impact on costs, on productivity, and on the demand for products. Competitiveness can be directly and adversely affected as companies are obliged to increase worker-related expenses for health benefits or insurance that are utilised more as result of the epidemic. Even without monetary outlays, the economic costs can be substantial. Absenteeism rises both directly, as workers begin to show HIV/AIDS symptoms and require more sick leave, and indirectly, as HIV/AIDS deaths increase and co-workers take leave to attend increasingly frequent funerals. In the medium term, company productivity will be hit, as the death of so many workers means that companies must constantly hire replacements, which raises training costs and lowers the average work experience - and hence productivity - of the labour force. The objective of this study is to determine the social responsibility of the South African mining companies dealing with HIV/AIDS employees and included the following aims: To develop a comprehensive HIV/AIDS intervention strategy to manage HIV/AIDS at the workplace. To guide the employer in implementing the anti-HIV/AIDS programme in the workplace. To support the employer in addressing the HIV/AIDS-related health, living, safety and working conditions of employees. The most important conclusions that could be drawn from this study are: Resistance to change is found even when the goals of change are highly desirable. The change process involves learning something new, as well as discontinuing current attitudes, behaviours, or organisational practices. The recognition of the importance of the social responsibility can be gauged in part by the extent of government action and legislation on such matters as, for example, employment protection, equal opportunities, companies acts, consumer law, product liability, health, and safeguarding the environment. More information is needed on the social, political, and economical costs of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Many managers fear that if information about HIV prevalence, and programmes are made public, their company's image will suffer. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the workforce especially on productivity, absenteeism, health, safety, working conditions and intervention programmes.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Xingwana, Lumkwana. "The impact of organisational culture on gold mining activities in the Free state." Thesis, Welkom Research Collection: CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FREE STATE, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/216.

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Thesis (M. Comm.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007
From the Stone Age, each nation or group of people has had a distrust of those different from themselves. This is evidenced in various ways, for example, social welfare given to local residents only, scornful names given to foreigners and other ethnic groups and rituals designed to keep themselves separate from others. These incidents of diversity resulted into an unplanned and emergent set of norms, values and beliefs that exert enormous influence on the way in which an organisation operates, how organisational structure is developed, the integration and adaptation of internal and external relationships, as well as the orientation of the underlying values of the organisation. The main aim of changing culture is to improve organisational performance. To achieve this aim, it requires an understanding of the underlying assumptions and values that determine what is important in an organisation as well as assessment of the impact of culture on operational efficiency. The impact of organisational culture is identified through the negative and positive outcomes of mining activities, and is illustrated by employee satisfaction, job commitment, organisational loyalty, turnover, absenteeism and productivity. The aim of this research study was to identify the characteristics of organisational culture and evaluate the impact of organisational culture on gold mining activities in the Free State. The methodology used in this study comprises of empirical as well as a literature study. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather information for the empirical study. The empirical study revealed that firstly, organisational culture is created partially by leaders, and that one of the most critical functions of leadership is the creation and the management of culture. Lastly, organisational culture emerges when employees think, believe and act according to the pressures and priorities of their environment. Unfortunately, employees do not set aside their cultural values and lifestyle preferences when they come to work. It is the responsibility of the management to create an environment that is conducive to a healthy working environment. This study established that the necessity to control the workforce productivity need not be accompanied by ruthless or aggressive exploitation of cultural management, but by reliance on employees’ capability to exercise judgement to cope effectively with environmental uncertainty. Rules, norms and strategies developed cannot “fit” every circumstance but encourage conformity rather than creativity, and compliance rather than commitment.

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Mbana, Phiwe Thando Vuyo. "A social work study on the impact of legislation on the practice of Employee Assistance Programmes in the South African mining industry." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05062009-153805.

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Marques, Cátia Sofia Gomes. "Cidades criativas - projectar em áreas abandonadas ou deprimidas para reestruturação social cultural e económica." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5983.

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Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com Especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial.
As pedreiras são fenómenos singulares ilustrativos das relações entre o homem e os valores do território. São paisagens exclusivas, identitárias da cultura das regiões em que se inserem, tal como dos recursos endógenos do meio, e neste sentido afirmam-se como fenómenos singulares pelo que devem ser defendidas e preservadas. Estas paisagens pela sua própria natureza e dimensões, na ausência de tratamento ambiental e paisagístico, podem repercutir-se pejorativamente. A não sustentabilidade das actividades extractivas impõem um limite ao seu desenvolvimento. Pelo que, após as explorações, a recuperação da área afectada é um imperativo legislativo. Assegurando o equilíbrio ecológico e a qualidade paisagística do local. As mesmas características e especificidades das pedreiras que incitam ao prejuízo atribuem, por outro lado, um carácter excepcional a estas paisagens. As áreas extractivas após o término da sua função genérica podem representar a oportunidade de serem reconvertidas em novos valores. A reabilitação de uma pedreira pode perpetuar o propósito útil do espaço, valorizando as especificidade da paisagem e a sua competitividade. A sua reconversão em novos atractivos pode beneficiando a região e da população e, simultaneamente, assegurar o equilíbrio e qualidade do meio e da paisagem.

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Delgado, Villanueva Kiko Alexi. "Methodological proposal for social impact assessment and environmental conflict analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/64063.

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[EN] Social impact assessment (SIA) is a part of environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is characterized by a high level of uncertainty and the subjective aspects that are presents in the methods used during its conduction. In addition, environmental conflict analysis (ECA) has become a key factor for the viability of projects and welfare of affected populations. In this thesis, an integrated method for SIA and ECA is proposed, by the combination of the grey clustering method and the entropy-weight method. SIA was performed using the grey clustering method, which enables qualitative information coming from a stakeholder group to be quantified. In turn, ECA was performed using the entropy-weight method, which identifies the criteria in which there is greater divergence between stakeholder groups, thus enabling to establish measures to prevent potential environmental conflicts. Then, in order to apply and test the proposed integrated method, two case studies were conducted. The first case study was a mining project in northern Peru. In this study, three stakeholder groups and seven criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the urban population group and the rural population group, the project would have a positive and negative social impact, respectively. For the group of specialists the project would have a normal social impact. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflicts in order of importance were: access to drinking water, poverty, GDP per capita, and employment. The second case study considered was a hydrocarbon exploration project located in the Gulf of Valencia, Spain. In this study, four stakeholder groups and four criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the group of specialists the project would have a negative social impact, and contrary perceptions were shown between the group of those directly affected by the project and the group of citizens in favour. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflict were the percentage of unemployment and GDP per capita. The proposed integrated method in this thesis showed great potential on the studied cases, and could be applied to other contexts and other projects, such as water resources management, industrial projects, construction projects, and to measure social impact and prevent conflicts during the implementation of government policies and programs.
[ES] La evaluación del impacto social (SIA) forma parte de la evaluación de impacto ambiental (EIA), y está caracterizada por su alto nivel de incertidumbre, y por los aspectos subjetivos presentes en los métodos usados para su realización. Por otro lado, el análisis del conflicto ambiental (ECA) se ha convertido en un factor clave para la viabilidad de los proyectos y el bienestar de la población afectada. En esta tesis, se propone un método integrado para la SIA y el ECA, mediante la combinación de los métodos grey clustering y entropy-weight. La SIA fue desarrollada usando el método grey clustering, el cual permite cuantificar la información cualitativa recogida de los grupos de interés o stakeholders. Sucesivamente, el ECA fue realizado usando el método entropy-weight, el cual identifica los criterios en los cuales existe gran divergencia entre los grupos de interés, permitiendo así establecer medidas para prevenir potenciales conflictos ambientales. Luego, con el fin de aplicar y testear el método integrado propuesto fueron realizados dos casos de estudio. El primer caso de estudio fue un proyecto minero ubicado en el norte de Perú. En este estudio se identificaron tres grupos de interés y siete criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo población urbana y el grupo población rural, el proyecto tendría un impacto social positivo y negativo, respectivamente. Para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social normal. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental en orden de importancia fueron: acceso al agua potable, pobreza, PIB per cápita, y empleo. El segundo caso de estudio considerado fue un proyecto de exploración de hidrocarburos ubicado en el Golfo de Valencia, España. En este estudio se identificaron cuatro grupos de interés y cuatro criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social negativo, y contrarias percepciones se encontraron entre el grupo de los directamente afectados y el grupo de los ciudadanos a favor. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental fueron el porcentaje de desempleo y el PIB per cápita. El método integrado propuesto en esta tesis mostró un gran potencial sobre los casos estudiados, y podría ser aplicado a otros contextos y otros tipos de proyectos, tales como gestión de recursos hídricos, proyectos industriales, proyectos de construcción de obras públicas, y para medir el impacto social y prevenir conflictos durante la aplicación de políticas y programas gubernamentales.
[CAT] L'avaluació de l'impacte social (SIA) és una part de l'avaluació de l'impacte ambiental (EIA), la qual està caracteritzada pel seu alt nivell d'incertitud i els aspectes subjectius presents en els mètodes amprats durant la seua conducció. A més, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental (ECA) s'ha convertit en un factor clau per a la viabilitat dels projectes i el benestar de la població afectada. En esta tesis es proposa un mètode integrat per a l'avaluació de l'impacte social i la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental, mitjançant la combinació del mètode grey clustering i el mètode entropy-weight. L'avaluació de l'impacte social ha segut realitzada usant el mètode grey clustering, el qual permet que la informació qualitativa arreplegada dels grups d'interès siga quantificada. Successivament, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental ha segut realitzada usant el mètode entropy-weight, el qual identifica els criteris en els quals existeix gran divergència entre els grups d'interès, la qual cosa permet establir mides per a prevenir conflictes ambientals potencials. Després, amb la finalitat d'aplicar i testejar el mètode integrat proposat han segut realitzats dos casos d'estudi. El primer d'ells ha segut un projecte miner al nord de Perú. En aquest estudi, tres grups d'interès i set criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup població-urbana i el grup població-rural, el projecte experimentaria un positiu i un negatiu impacte social respectivament. Per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social normal. Per altra banda també va ser reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental en orde d'importància foren: accés a l'aigua potable, pobresa, PIB per càpita, i ofici. El segon cas d'estudi considerat va ser un projecte d'exploració d'hidrocarburs ubicat al Golf de València, Espanya. En este estudi, quatre grups d'interès i quatre criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social negatiu, mentre que entre el grup dels directament afectats i el grup dels ciutadans a favor es mostraren percepcions contraries. Va ser també reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental foren el percentatge de desocupació i el PIB per càpita. El mètode integrat proposat en aquesta tesis mostra un gran potencial sobre els casos estudiats, i pot ser aplicat a altres contexts i altres tipus de projectes com gestió de recursos hídrics, projectes industrials i projectes de construcció d'obres públiques. A més pot fer-se servir per mesurar l'impacte social i prevenir conflictes durant l'aplicació de polítiques i programes governamentals.
Delgado Villanueva, KA. (2016). Methodological proposal for social impact assessment and environmental conflict analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64063
TESIS

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Knuuttila, Jussi. "Exploring the potential of cultural ecosystem services in social impact assessment of Finnish mining projects : Assessment of local cultural values in the municipality of Kolari in Finnish Lapland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162223.

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Large-scale mining modifies the existing physical environment and has multiple long-term impacts on landscape but also on communities, and their cultural values. In Finland, social impact assessment has become a customary practice in assessing and estimating mining impacts that cause changes to the well-being of individual people and their livelihoods. However, the assessment is often lacking notions of social dimensions of the environment, neglecting discussing aspects such as localities and subjective well-being. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of considering the cultural benefits of the environment to human well-being in environmental decision-making. The purpose of this study is to explore and illustrate how cultural ecosystem services could contribute to the current practice in social impact assessments in Finnish mining projects by highlighting the relation between local people and environment through the valuation of cultural services. The study used a conceptual framework approach of cultural ecosystem services and conducted eight qualitative semi-structured interviews in two villages in Finnish Fell Lapland. The aim was to explore how the local people themselves describe their non-material benefits from the environment. Six out of the eight interviews were conducted walking with the participants. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed for analysis against the conceptual cultural ecosystem services framework. The results show how the well-being of local people was strongly linked to cultural benefits such as sense of place, enabled by meaningful activities in places that were often happening in mundane everyday places. The study implies the importance of considering cultural ecosystem services such as sense of place in the current social impact assessment practice as they help unveiling connections between people, the natural environment and subjective well-being.

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Terrazas, Cosio Bresia Rosalid, Echarri Manuel Gonzalo Rivas, and Antonio Krizia Estefania Hurtado. "Current challenges of mining investment in Peru: Interview with Dr. Luis Carlos Rodrigo Prado." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118909.

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In this interview, our guest responds to current and controversial issues related to environmental matters and the mining sector. First, the author talks about the variability of numbers for investment in mineral exploration in our country along recent periods. Also, the problem of social unrests, tax issues, permits and licenses, known as «permisología» and their impact on the sector. Similarly, and inevitably, some comment on the widespread use of Contracts Tax Stability and new measures of environmental control, taken by the recently enacted and controversial Law N° 30230 – Law Establishing Tax Measures, Simplification of Procedures and permits for promotion and revitalization of investment in the country, also called «Paquetazo Castilla». Furthermore, about the EIA and the recent creation of SENACE, as part of the Ministry of Environment Agency is analyzed. Finally, our interviewee continues to review the controversial «contribution by regulation» to OEFA and disciplinary proceedings.
En la presente entrevista, nuestro invitado responde a temas vigentes y controvertidos, relativosa materia ambiental y del sector minero. En primer lugar, él habla sobre la cuestión referida a la variabilidad de las cifras de inversión en exploración minera en nuestro país durante los últimos periodos. Asimismo, se analiza el reticente problema de los conflictos sociales, temas tributarios y la conocida «permisología», así como sus correspondientes impactos en el sector. Del mismo modo, e inevitablemente, se comenta sobre la extensión del uso de los Contratos de Estabilidad Tributaria y las nuevas medidas de fiscalización ambiental, adoptadas por la recientemente promulgada y polémica Ley N° 30230 – Ley que establece Medidas Tributarias, Simplificación de Procedimientos y Permisos para la promoción y dinamización de la Inversión en el País, llamada también «Paquetazo Castilla». Siguiendo la misma línea, se analiza lo correspondiente a los EIA y la reciente creación del SENACE, como organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Ambiente. Por último, nuestro entrevistado no deja de opinar sobre el discutido «aporte por regulación» al OEFA y el procedimiento sancionador.

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Terlien, Damien. "A social and economic impact assessment of the South African mineral and petroleum resources development act on the small-scale diamond mining sector." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7971.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The small-scale mining (SSM) sector in South Africa has been overshadowed by the wealth generating capacity of the formal mining industry. To address the disparity between the SSM sector and the large formal mining industry, a number of government initiatives have been introduced, the latest being the preparation of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28, which was finalized in October 2002. The Act, which has not yet been implemented, is expected to redress some of the sector's current obstacles. Two case studies conducted in the Northern Cape and North West Provinces, provided the basis for this social impact assessment (SIA). The aim of these studies was to identfy the most serious issues faced by the SSM sector and to assess the likely socio-econiomic impacts of the Act.

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Kabila, Jaynet Desire. "Impact assessment and quality analysis of corporate social responsability (CSR) programs of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development in the communities they operate: case study Tenke Fungurume Mining SA in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16574.

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Purpose – This case study presents an impact assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs of the TFM Company in order to understand how they contribute to the sustainable development of communities in areas in which they operate. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data for this study was collected using qualitative data methods that included semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions most of them audio and video recorded. Documentary analysis and a field visit were also undertaken for the purpose of quality analysis of the CSR programs on the terrain. Data collected was analyzed using the Seven Questions to sustainability (7Qs) framework, an evaluation tool developed by the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) North America chapter. Content analysis method was on the other hand used to examine the interviews and FGDs of the study participants. Findings - Results shows that CSR programs of TFM SA do contribute to community development, as there have been notable changes in the communities’ living conditions. But whether they have contributed to sustainable development is not yet the case as programs that enhance the capacity of communities and other stakeholders to support these projects development beyond the implementation stage and the mines operation lifetime need to be considered and implemented. Originality/Value – In DRC, there is paucity of information of research studies that focus on impact assessment of CSR programs in general and specifically those of mining companies and their contribution to sustainable development of local communities. Many of the available studies cover issues of minerals and conflict or conflict minerals as mostly referred to. This study addressees this gap.

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Alimam, Mayla. "The place of enterprise social media platforms in today’s enterprises : evaluation of usage and impact on workplace tools." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0007/document.

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De plus en plus, les entreprises incitent aujourd’hui leurs employés à adopter des modes de travail agiles et flexibles. Cette transformation est outillée par de nouvelles plateformes informatiques intitulées "plateformes de média sociaux d’entreprise" (de l’anglais "Enterprise Social Media platforms – ESM platforms"). Ces plateformes portent la promesse d’améliorer la communication des employés dans leur environnement de travail tout en outillant leurs liens sociaux. Néanmoins, le bénéfice de l’usage de ces plateformes par leurs employés demeure vague et peu mesurable pour les entreprises, dont les dirigeants ont pourtant besoin d’évaluer cet usage et de mesurer ainsi tangiblement le succès de leurs investissements. De plus, le fait d’introduire des plateformes ESM dans les environnements de travail impacte la façon dont les outils existants, tels que la messagerie électronique, sont considérées et utilisés. La question qui se pose est alors de savoir si ces nouvelles plateformes pourraient remplacer l’usage des outils existants. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse adresse la problématique de la place des plateformes ESM dans les entreprises d’aujourd’hui. Elle examine l’usage réel de ces plateformes en offrant une analyse quantitative des réseaux sociaux, établie à partir de l’usage actuel de ces plateformes. En s’appuyant sur un modèle de recherche conçu pour caractériser l’activité, la thèse applique des tests d’hypothèse qui permettent de comparer l’usage prévu de ces plateformes à leur usage réel, et ainsi de mesurer le succès du déploiement de ces plateformes. De plus, cette thèse étudie, à travers une approche déductive et expérimentale, la capacité des plateformes ESM à remplacer l’usage des outils existants dans les environnements de travail. Ces plateformes fonctionnent aujourd’hui plutôt en tandem avec d’autres outils tels que la messagerie électronique. Cette thèse propose ainsi d’améliorer la messagerie par une fonctionnalité de tagging social afin que l’utilisateur puisse bénéficier de son réseau social sous-jacent. Ce service de tagging est ensuite testé et validé via un prototype. Pour conclure, cette thèse propose des scenarios pour les futurs systèmes sociaux, englobant la totalité des outils de l’environnement de travail au sein des entreprises
Today’s organizations are increasingly promoting a shift of employees’ ways of working towards more agility and flexibility. This shift is empowered by new IT tools commonly known as “Enterprise Social Media” (ESM). Taking mainly the form of integrated platforms, these tools are deployed with the promise of enhancing employees’ communicative activities at the workplace while capitalizing on their social connections. Yet, it remains unclear for companies how their employees benefit from the use of these new tools (i.e., ESM platforms). Managers are unable to evaluate the use of these platforms and thus, tangibly measure the success of their investments. Moreover, introducing ESM platforms to the workplace impact the way the existing tools, such as email, are regarded and used. This leads to the question of whether these new platforms may be substitutes for the use of the existing tools. This thesis tackles the mentioned polemical questions about the place of ESM platforms in today’s enterprises. Carried out jointly with Orange labs, the thesis assesses the role ESM platforms could play in supporting organizations in reaching their objectives and hence sustaining their businesses in an extreme competitive context. It explores the real use of these platforms by offering a quantitative social network analysis and data mining of an established ESM platform currently in use. While relying on a proposed research model that characterizes the activity, the applied hypothesis tests allow determining the correct use of ESM platforms, which in turn indicates the success of their deployments. Moreover, the thesis argues through a reasoning approach that the ESM platforms are not capable of substituting the use of existing workplace tools. Instead, they work in tandem with certain tools such as email. Based on the latter argument, the email tagging service is introduced as an example of how existing workplace tools may be enriched with social features to derive increased benefit for the workforce. The thesis finally validates the service through implementation and testing. To conclude, it proposes and discusses scenarios of future social systems that involve the overall set of workplace tools in enterprises

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Tinoco, Bruno Miguel Aleixo. "O impacto da comunicação social na tomada de decisão da compra e venda de acções." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8114.

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Mestrado em Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Com a realização deste estudo procurou-se aferir a influência da comunicação social na tomada de decisão no momento de comprar e vender acções, determinando quais as notícias que mais influenciaram a tomada de decisão. O estudo ao índice PSI 20. Os dados que permitiram a realização do estudo foram recolhidos no período de 15-12-2008 a 16-05-2011 tendo sido consideradas todas as notícias presentes na primeira página do Jornal de Negócios e Diário Económico e as cotações de fecho em bolsa dos títulos da EDP, ALTRI SGPS e BES, empresas estas que se encontram ambas cotadas no índice PSI 20. A análise foi iniciada com a categorização das notícias recolhidas, através do software IBM SPSS Modeler. Após a conclusão deste processo e tendo em conta a possível relação existente entre algumas das categorias, foi utilizada a análise das componentes principais, tendo sido obtidos componentes formados por duas ou mais categorias, que na prática podem ser vistas como temas de notícias publicadas nos referidos jornais. Por fim e com o intuito de aferir a relação existente entre as componentes obtidas e as decisões dos investidores, os dados existentes foram analisados através de uma regressão linear múltipla, utilizando para o efeito o software IBM SPSS Statistics, que permitiu constatar que a decisão de compra e venda de acções é influenciada por notícias relacionadas com a crise actual, por negócios inerentes à compra ou venda de uma percentagem considerável de participações de empresas nacionais e por casos de crime e corrupção mediáticos em Portugal.
The goal of this work is to review and prove the existence of influence of the social communication on decision making when buying or selling market stocks and to determine which news influence such decisions. The work was applied in the real conditions of the Portuguese market and its primary stock market index PSI 20. The necessary data for this study was collected between 15 December 2008 and 16 May 2011 including three major stocks EDP, ALTRI SGPS and BES and all the related news published on the first pages of the most influent Portuguese economical-financial journals, namely Jornal de Negócios and Diário Económico. At the beginning of the analysis, the collected data has been categorized with the IBM SPSS Modeler. After concluding this process, having in mind that relations may exist among some categories, the component analysis was performed. Naturally there were components formed by two or more categories which can be seen as different topics published in referred journals. Finally, in order to assess an existing relationship between obtained components and decisions made by investors, the data was analysed through a multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics. This analysis allowed to conclude that a decision whether to buy or sell a stock is influenced by news related to the actual financial crisis on the world market, by news inherent to a purchase or disposal of considerable amount of participations owned by large national companies and by "medialized" cases of crime and corruption in Portugal.

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Shepard, Michael. "Shale and Family Through the Boom and Bust: Shale Employment’s Impact on Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523873757214608.

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Bouhini, Chahrazed. "Impact des réseaux sociaux sur le processus de recherche d’information." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4027/document.

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L’émergence des réseaux sociaux a révolutionné le Web en permettant notamment aux individus de prolonger leur connexion virtuelle en une relation plus réelle et de partager leurs connaissances. Ce nouveau contexte de diffusion de l’information sur le Web peut constituer un moyen efficace pour cerner les besoins en information des utilisateurs du Web, et permettre à la recherche d’information (RI) de mieux répondre à ces besoins en adaptant les modèles d’indexation et d’interrogation. L’exploitation des réseaux sociaux confronte la RI à plusieurs défis dont les plus importants concernent la représentation de l’information dans un modèle social personnalisé de RI et son évaluation, en l’absence de collections de test et de compétitions dédiées. Nous proposons dans ce travail de bénéficier de l’exploitation des informations issues des réseaux sociaux pour personnaliser la recherche d’information de l’utilisateur en se rapprochant le plus de ses centres d’intérêt et de ses préférences. Les principales contributions de notre travail consistent dans un premier temps à établir un profil social de l’utilisateur à partir du contenu informationnel généré au sein du réseau social. Nous présentons par la suite des modèles de recherche sociale personnalisée d’information (RSPI) permettant d’intégrer le profil social de l’utilisateur à différents niveaux du processus de RI. Dans l’objectif de permettre l’évaluation des modèles de RSPI sur une collection de test dédiée, nous proposons une collection de test de RSPI que nous avons construite à partir du réseau d’annotation collaborative "Delicious" contenant en plus des données classiques d’une collection de test de RI, des données centrées-utilisateur
The emergence of social media has revolutionized the web by allowing individuals to extend their virtual connection in a more real relationship and share knowledge. This new context of information dissemination on the Web can be an effective way to identify the information needs of Web users, and allow information retrieval (IR) to better meet these needs by adapting the indexing and querying models. The information retrieval faced several challenges with the use of social networks, the most important concerns the representation of information in a personalized social IR (PSIR) model and its evaluation in the absence of a social test collections with the user-centered data (user-centered queries and user-centered relevance judgments). We propose to benefit from the use of the user generated content (UGC) on the social networks to personalize his social search in order to better fit his interests and preferences. The main contributions of our work consist of, on the one hand, building a social profile from the UGC within the social network. We propose then a personalized social information retrieval models which integrate the user’s social profile at various levels of the IR process. On the other hand, with the objective of evaluating our PSIR models on a dedicated test collection, we propose a PSIR test collection "DelRSI" we built from the collaborative social bookmarking network "Delicious" ; a PSIR test collection containing in addition to the classical IR test collection’s data, a user-centered data

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Kirby, Laura Rebecca. "Surface Water Impacts from Active Underground Mining." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23290.

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High extraction mining techniques have produced the need to mitigate and understand ground movements associated with this technology. Tools such as the Surface Deformation Prediction System (SDPS) facilitate sound scientific decision making in the industry and has continually improved since its inception in 1987. The capabilities of SDPS have expanded on an as-needed basis. Currently, the regulatory climate has emphasized the need to understand the impact of underground mining on surface waters, physically and chemically.

The SDPS program is used to conduct an analysis of ground movements to assess optimal barrier pillar size for stream protection. Typical analytical and empirical methods used in mine planning were compared against SDPS methods to ensure the validity and advantage to the use of SDPS for this purpose.

Finally, underground mining effects on stream chemistry and health were explored by studying the heavily mined and industrialized watershed of Dumps Creek located in Russell County, Virginia. This watershed has been identified as being impaired since the Virginia 303(d) List of Impaired Waters was created in 1994. Currently, there are two pumps staged in the headwaters region of Dumps Creek that help to maintain water levels in an inactive underground mine. The pumping is necessary to control methane levels that rising water could force into an active underground mine that lies stratigraphically above the inactive mine. Water is pumped on an as-needed basis and discharges directly into Dumps Creek. Historic measurements of stream conductivity and benthic health scores were compared to assess whether a correlation exists between the two measurements. These measurements were compared based on regulatory decisions that emphasized that conductivity is a direct indicator of stream health in all watersheds.

Scientific contributions associated with this research include: Further developments in the use of SDPS programming in order to account for stream protection on a case by case basis for both mine panel and surface water protection by optimizing barrier pillar size in relation to a nearby stream; the analysis of available and currently obtained water chemistry data in a mining impacted watershed in attempt to further research to appropriately characterize and mitigate specific problems in order to improve stream health; and, assessment of the complexity of water chemistry impacts from underground mining as related to stream health indicators in different chemically dominated watersheds.

Master of Science

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Marais, Anel. "Assessing corporate social responsibility in terms of its impact on sustainable community development : Anglo American PLC programmes as case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4214.

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Thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master for Philosophy in Community and Development at the University of Stellenbosch
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mining industries significantly influence the societies within which they operate. They have been responsible for causing a wide range of negative environmental and social impacts at local, regional and global levels. Disruption of river flows, degradation of land and forest resources, negative impacts on the livelihoods of local communities near mines and disturbance of traditional lifestyles of indigenous people are some examples. Historically, the mining industry has taken a ‘devil may care’ attitude toward the impacts of its operations, inter alia by operating in areas without social legitimacy, by causing local devastation, and by leaving when an area has been exhausted of its economically valuable resources. Cost benefit language has often been used to justify damage caused in one place by arguing that it is outweighed by overall financial benefits. In recent years however the global mining industry has started to address its social and environmental responsibilities, visible in current debates about social and environmental sustainability. As a result, various mining companies have launched corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes that tend to focus on local community initiatives as their impact in economic, social and environmental terms, they believe, is felt most at local level. Yet the question remains, can CSR on its own make a substantial contribution to local sustainable community development? The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defined CSR as “…the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large...” (WBCSD, 2003). Despite this clear definition, there is still great diversity within the mining sector in perceptions of what CSR constitutes and what its key tenets should be. Without a consistent definition or understanding of CSR and sustainable community development, planned efforts and programmes will do little to contribute to the overall improvement and well-being of the intended beneficiaries. The research focuses on defining sustainable community development and how it relates CSR. It identifies three characteristics of sustainable community development and uses these to assess the CSR programmes of Anglo American Plc, as case study company, to determine whether the company’s programmes have the potential to contribute to the sustainability of the communities associated with its operations. The research results in three main conclusions drawn from the case study – in a phrase that CSR is able under certain conditions to contribute positively to community sustainability. The conclusion also offers a few suggestions regarding ways companies can increase the contribution their CSR programmes make to local sustainable development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynbou industrieë het ‘n definitiewe en sigbare impak op die gemeenskappe waar mynbou aktiwiteite bedryf word. Hierdie industieë is verantwoordelik vir ’n groot hoeveelheid negatiewe omgewings- en sosiale impakte op plaaslike, distriks en provinsiale vlak. Die versteuring van tradisionele lewenswyses van inheemse bevolkingsgroepe, natuurlike vloei van riviere, grond en water besoedeling, asook tradisionele bestaans praktyke is almal areas wat negatief deur mynbou industrieë beïvloed is. Die mynbou industrie het deur die geskiedenis nie baie aandag gegee aan die negatiewe impakte wat mynbou aktiwiteite op gemeenskappe het nie. Die positiewe ekonomiese impak is afgespeel en as belangriker en van meer waarde beskou, as die negatiewe sosiale en omgewingsimpakte wat dit veroorsaak. Dit is maar onlangs dat die mynbou industrie begin het om die negatiewe impakte wat mynbou aktiwiteite op gemeenskappe en die omgewing het aan te spreek. Dit is ook ’n onderwerp wat meer prominent geraak het in huidige internasionale debatte rakende volhoubare ontwikkeling en die impak wat mynbou op die volhoubaarheid van die omgewing en sy mense het. Verskeie mynbou maatskappye het korporatiewe sosiale investerings (KSI) programme in plaaslike gemeenskappe begin om as mitigerende aksie vir die negatiewe impakte dien. Die vraag is egter of hierdie programme enigsins sal kan bydrae to die langtermyn volhoubare ontwikkeling in hierdie geaffekteerde gemeenskappe? Die Wêreld Besigheids Forum vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling beskryf KSI as die voortgesette onderneming deur die besigheidsektor om te alle tye besigheidaktiwiteite op ’n etiese wyse te bedryf om ‘n daadwerklike bydrae tot die ekonomie te lewer en daar deur nie net ’n positiewe impak te hê op die lewens kwaliteit van hul werknemers nie, maar ook die van die plaaslike en ander gemeenskappe. Alhoewel die definisie baie eenvoudig en self-verduidelikend is, is daar nog baie verskillende interpretasies binne die mynbou industrie oor wat presies korporatiewe sosiale investering is en wat die kern aktiwiteite binne die veld moet wees. Sonder ’n konstante definisie en die eenvormige interpretasie daarvan, wat ook die begrip volhoubare gemeenskapsonwikkeling (VGO) insluit, sal initiatiewe en programme wat ten doel het om die lewenskwaliteit van geïdentifiseerde begunstigdes te verbeter, weinig effek hê. Die navorsing fokus op daarop om VGO beter te definieer, asook die verwantskap daarvan met KSI. Dit identifiseer drie kern eienskappe van VGO en gebruik dit as basis om die KSI programme van Anglo American Plc, as gevalle studie maatskappy, te evalueer om te bepaal of die betrokke programme wel ’n bydrae lewer to VGO in die gemeeskappe in en om die maatskappy se myne wat deur die mynbou aktiwiteite beïnvloed word. Die navorsing lewer drie kern gevolgtrekkings vanuit die gevalle studie – KSI onder seker omstandighede kan wel ’n positiewe bydra lewer tot VGO. Die gevolgtrekking word verder toegelig met ’n paar aanbevelings aan maatskappy rakende moontlike aksies om die impak van KSI programme op VGO te vergroot.

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Kim, Hyo-Sun. "Environmental impacts of mining on Green Valley, Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186992.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to estimate an empirical model of demand for environmental characteristics for the Green Valley community and to evaluate environmental impacts of mining on the community. Environmental impacts are estimated by two different methodologies: An hedonic price model for housing and a contingent valuation based upon a sample survey of Green Valley residents. Variables that serve as proxies for environmental characteristics in hedonic prices and willingness to pay equations are distance from mining complex and orientation of house (viewscape). These variables are proxies for environmental air quality and scenic quality. Inverse demand equations for environmental variables are derived from the hedonic and contingent valuation analysis. Using these demand relations, environmental impact of mining is estimated as the consumers surplus from environmental quality improvements in Green Valley. In this dissertatlon, consumer surplus is an approximation to the sum of individual surpluses, which allows for variations in specific levels of the specific variables across the individual household. Based upon the number of detached single family homes, the environmental impact of mining on the Green Valley community is estimated by the contingent valuation approach to be approximately $44,000,000 and by the hedonic price approach to be approximately $94,000,000. When impact is based upon total units (detached and nondetached), the environmental impact is estimated by contingent valuation to be approximately $88,000,000 and by the hedonic price approach to be approximately $191,000,000. Perhaps, these estimates bound the actual impact.

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PINHEIRO, CÁSSIA RAINNY PIRES. "ELECTORAL ALGORITHMS: DATA MINING IMPACTS ON A DEMOCRACY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=37222@1.

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Este trabalho apresenta como estudo de caso a eleição Norte Americana de 2016 e o uso de propaganda eleitoral como forma de ilustrar a nova Economia de Dados. A era da sociedade informacional Castells (1999) faz uso das tecnologias de comunicação para se informar fazer compras, manter contatos, e parte desse processo requer que se forneçam informações que serão armazenadas em grandes bancos de dados. A empresa Cambridge Analytica é uma das participantes desse mercado recém-formado, que conseguiu colocar um valor econômico a vasta quantidade de dados, e que por meio da mineração e analise de dados conseguiram formar perfil de eleitores, e este é o produto da empresa: a propaganda direcionada. Com surgimento da Internet foi possível ampliar a intensidade com que as informações são transferidas, a capacidade de alterar a rapidez e reduzir distâncias é o que diferencia a nova fase da história do mundo. Em vista o surgimento da precificação das informações dos usuários- que acabam se tornando produtos nesse mercado- o artigo pretende apresentar a necessidade do fortalecimento da legislação que prescreve como essas empresas devem atuar. Sobre tudo porque na ausência de leis que exigem o consentimento, a transparência da mineração, e como é feita a analise de dados, os direitos dos indivíduos acabam sendo minados, e nos deparamos com a possível manipulação da parcela da sociedade que são atingidas pelas propagandas. E se uma vez que a democracia é pautada pela liberdade de informação e por uma sociedade livre, a desinformação dessa sociedade torna-se uma ameaça.
This paper presents as a case study the North American election of 2016 and the use of electoral propaganda as a way to illustrate the new Data Economy. The era of the information society (Castells, 1999) makes use of communication technologies to inform, make purchases, maintain contacts, and part of this process requires that information be provided that will be stored in large databases. Cambridge Analytica is one of the participants in this newly formed market, which has been able to put an economic value on the vast amount of data, and through mining and analysis of data have been able to form a profile of voters, and this is the company s product: targeted advertising. With the rise of the Internet it was possible to increase the intensity with which information is transferred, the ability to change speed and reduce distances is what differentiates the new phase of world history. Giving the appearance of pricing the user information - which eventually become products in this market – this article intends to present the need to strengthen the legislation that prescribes how these companies should act. Especially because in the absence of laws that require consent, the transparency of mining, and how data analysis is done, the rights of individuals are undermined, and we are faced with the possible manipulation of the share of society that is affected by the advertisements . And if democracy is governed by freedom of information and a free society, the disinformation of that society becomes a threat.

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Kalamandeen, Michelle. "Forest loss dynamics and impacts from gold mining in Amazonia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22904/.

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Amazonian rainforests are home to Earth's largest reservoir of biodiversity, providing crucial ecosystem services and storing approximately 17% of all global terrestrial carbon. Today, these forests are experiencing rapid, unprecedented changes due to climate impacts and anthropogenic disturbances. In recent decades, the region has experienced marked variability in deforestation, and after a long period of increase, the deforestation rates in countries like Brazil have sharply declined in recent years. However, little is known about the forest trends and the impact of different drivers in other Amazonian countries. The aim of this thesis, therefore, is to better understand and examine the current dynamics of forest loss across Amazonia and how intensive land uses such as gold mining influence forest loss, nutrient cycling and recovery patterns. Using remote sensing coupled with field observations, this research highlights new spatial patterns in Amazonian forest loss which point to a more complex pattern where new smaller-scale drivers of forest loss are becoming progressively more important (Chapter 2). The expansion of small-scale events were primarily driven by gold mining activities, particularly in northern Amazonia, with underestimation of forest loss occurring at sites driven by a mosaic of small-scale clearings (Chapter 3). Nutrient depletion was found to be the most important factor driving low biomass recovery in previously mined areas, with mercury contamination being of secondary importance (Chapters 4 and 5). Overall, small-scale gold mining can severely impair the forest's ability to recover at abandoned mining pits and tailing ponds while recovery rates of woody biomass on the overburden zone were comparable to other secondary forests across the Neotropics following abandonment of pastures and agriculture (Chapter 5). Gold mining across the Amazon could potentially result in ~90,000 t C yr-1 less carbon being accumulated in relation to what would have accumulated under agriculture/pasture. Important conclusions from this work suggests that (1) national deforestation statistics need to include these small-scale events which are currently excluded from important official estimates such as Brazil's PRODES, and (2) active rehabilitation and restoration are required in order to assist the disrupted successional processes at gold mining sites. The results presented here highlight the vulnerability of Amazonian forests to newer, more intense types of land uses such as small-scale gold mining.

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Piekkari, M. (Markus). "Nitrogen in mining runoff waters of the Suhanko mining project:methods to reduce emissions and their environmental impacts." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201401151011.

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Most of the nitrogen load from a mine originates from nitrogen-containing explosives used in the mining that do not explode perfectly. Some of the chemicals in the enrichment process may also contain nitrogen and these compounds may dissolve in the process water. A certain amount of the dissolved explosive residues and process chemicals will be discharged in runoff and excess water into downstream water bodies, where the resulting increase in nutrients may cause eutrophication. The thesis first presents the Suhanko mine expansion project and its current situation. The literature review that follows then takes up several central themes. It begins with a description of the explosives generally used in rock blasting and their dissolving properties, noting that the water resistance of different explosives varies significantly. Next, the review presents the principles of open pit mining, the reasons of nitrogen emissions in blasting, and methods for reducing emissions. In this connection, the thesis provides an account of the techniques currently used for nitrogen removal in operating mines and the range of possible techniques. One objective of the research was to determine the nitrogen mass balance of the Suhanko mine when it is extended as planned. The estimates presented draw on calculations of the water balance for the project’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) as well as on the values in the literature for the proportion of undetonated explosives in mining. The consumption of explosives at Suhanko estimated in the thesis uses data from a pre-feasibility study of the project and from the EIA report. The calculations of nitrogen loads are based on monitoring data from an operating metal ore mine similar to that planned in Suhanko; for example, the reference mine uses the same types of explosives. The results indicate that most of the explosive residues at Suhanko will migrate to the waste rock stockpiling areas; the second largest proportion will end up in the concentrator plant in the extracted ore and recirculated drainage water; and the third most significant percentage will migrate to the stockpiling areas for low-grade ore. The results of the nitrogen balance calculations show that runoff waters from the waste rock stockpiling areas will contain a maximum of 11 mg N/l. The annual nitrogen load from the different waste rock areas will vary between 0.43 and 8.02 t. Excess mine water will be discharged from the flotation tailings pond into Takalampi Pond, and the annual nitrogen load from this operation under different water balance scenarios will vary from 17.6 to 74.3 t. The experimental part of the research studied the extent to which the peatland areas near the proposed waste rock areas might be suitable for wetland treatment of mine runoff water. The related fieldwork involved measuring in situ hydraulic conductivity and taking peat samples. The samples were analyzed to determine the degree of humification, water content and ash content of the peat, and a chemical characterization was performed as well. The slopes of the peatland areas with potential as treatment wetlands were estimated using laser scanning data from the Suhanko area and their surface areas were calculated based on the aerial photographs. In situ measurements indicated higher hydraulic conductivity in the uppers layer of the peatlands; the values decreased significantly below depths of 50 cm. The degree of humification varied at different depths: in the upper layers, the peat was generally weakly decomposed or undecomposed; in the deeper layers, it was more decomposed. For the most part of peatlands, the slopes are less than 10‰, but in some areas they exceed 25 ‰. The field studies identified peatlands near the Ahmavaara and Konttijärvi South waste rock areas that meet the technical requirements for conversion into treatment wetlands
Suurin osa kaivoksen typpikuormituksesta on yleensä peräisin louhinnassa käytettävistä typpeä sisältävistä räjähdysaineista, jotka eivät räjähdä täydellisesti. Jotkin rikastusprosessissa käytettävät kemikaalit saattavat myös sisältää typpeä, ja typpiyhdisteitä voi liueta rikastusprosessin vesiin. Osa räjähdysainejäämien ja kemikaalien sisältämästä typestä kulkeutuu ympäristöön kaivosalueelta ulos johdettavien vesijakeiden mukana ja ravinteiden määrän kasvaminen voi aiheuttaa rehevöitymistä vastaanottavassa vesistössä. Aluksi tässä työssä esitellään Suhangon kaivoshankkeen laajennusprojekti ja sen nykytilanne. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa käsitellään louhinnassa yleisesti käytettäviä räjähdysaineita ja niiden liukenemisominaisuuksia ottaen huomioon, että eri räjähdysaineiden vedenkesto-ominaisuudet poikkeavat merkittävästi. Työssä esitellään avolouhintamenetelmän periaatteet ja louhinnan aiheuttamien typpipäästöjen syitä sekä niiden vähentämiskeinoja. Lisäksi työssä käsitellään kaivostoiminnassa nykyisin käytössä olevia typenpoistotekniikoita ja käytettävissä olevia mahdollisia tekniikoita. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli muodostaa typpitase Suhangon kaivoshankkeen laajennukselle. Typpitase perustuu kaivoksen YVA-selostuksessa esitettyihin vesitaselaskelmiin ja kirjallisuuden pohjalta tehtyyn arvioon louhinnassa räjähtämättä jäävän räjähdysaineen määrästä. Räjähdysaineen käyttömäärää Suhangon kaivoksella on arvioitu esikannattavuusselvityksessä esitettyjen louhintasuunnitelmien ja YVA-selostuksessa arvioitujen tuotantomäärien pohjalta. Kuormituslaskelmissa on hyödynnetty louhintamenetelmältään vastaavan metallimalmikaivoksen tarkkailutuloksia, jossa louhinnassa käytettävä räjähdysaine on vastaavantyyppinen kuin mitä Suhangon kaivoksella on suunniteltu käytettävän. Tehtyjen laskelmien perusteella suurin osa räjähdysainejäämistä kulkeutuu sivukivialueille, toiseksi suurin osa rikastamolle sekä malmin että kuivanapitoveden mukana ja osa kulkeutuu myös marginaalimalmin varastointialueelle. Typpitaselaskelmien perusteella sivukivialueilta purettavien aluevesien typpipitoisuus on enimmillään noin 11 mg/l. Aluevesien vuosittainen typpikuormitus eri sivukivialueilta toimintavaiheen aikana vaihtelee 0,43 tonnin ja 8,02 tonnin välillä. Vaahdotuksen rikastushiekka-altaalta typpeä poistuu vesistöön ylitevesien mukana Takalammen suuntaan ja ylitevesien vuosittainen typpikuormitus eri vesitaseen tarkastelutilanteissa vaihtelee 17,6 ja 74,3 tonnin välillä. Työn kokeellisessa osiossa tutkittiin suunniteltujen sivukivialueiden läheisyydessä sijaitsevien turvealueiden soveltuvuutta sivukivialueiden valumavesien kosteikkokäsittelyyn. Maastokäynnin aikana turvealueilta mitattiin in situ hydraulinen johtavuus ja alueilta otettiin turvenäytteitä. Turvenäytteistä määritettiin turpeen maatuneisuus, vesipitoisuus ja tuhkapitoisuus. Potentiaalisten turvealueiden kaltevuuksia arvioitiin laserkeilausaineiston pohjalta ja niiden pinta-alat määritettiin ilmakuvien perusteella. In situ mittausten perusteella hydraulinen johtavuus on korkeampi turpeen yläkerroksissa ja laskee huomattavasti alle 50 cm syvyyksissä. Turpeen maatuneisuus tutkituilla turvealueilla vaihteli eri syvyyksillä. Pintakerroksissa turve oli pääsääntöisesti heikosti maatunutta ja syvemmissä kerroksissa voimakkaammin maatunutta. Laserkeilausaineiston pohjalta määritetyt kaltevuudet osoittavat, että turvealueiden kaltevuudet ovat pääosin alle 1 ‰, mutta joissain osissa turvealueita kaltevuus on yli 25 ‰. Kenttätutkimusten perusteella Ahmavaaran ja Konttijärven eteläisen sivukiven läjitysalueen lähellä on kosteikkokäyttöön soveltuvia turvealueita, koska ne täyttävät kosteikoille annetut tekniset vaatimukset

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28

Huang, Ganlin. "Mining and Tourism: Comparing Spatial Patterns, Socioeconomic Contributions, and Environmental Impacts in China." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/113.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of mining and tourism industries in China with a goal of understanding whether or not these two sectors are mutually compatible in achieving sustainable developme nt. Yunnan, a province in southwest China was selected as the study area because of its high potential for growth in both sectors. A macro-level Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and a case study were employed to understand patterns of change and linkages. Paper 1 addresses the spatial patterns of mining and tourism activities by a GIS analysis. Spatial cluster analysis of major tourism attractions and mining sites concludes that 1) mining sites tend to be clustered, whereas locations of tourism attractions do not exhibit any significant evidence of aggregation. 2) Mining and tourism sites tend to cluster at the scale of 25 kilometers to 45 kilometers. However, 3) mining/tourism sites relatively far away from each other attain more economic income. Incorporating the social context and development history of the study area, the results imply that although mining activities may have some negative impact on tourism attractions making those nearby a mining site earn less income; some factors tie the two industries together such as investing capacity of and policy support from local government. Paper 2 considers the environmental health and socioeconomic status of the areas where mining or tourism activities cluster. Statistical analysis on prefecture level and county level detects no significant difference between areas of mining and tourism in terms of economic status (GDP and poverty rate) and social development (ratio of researchers, agricultural technicians, teachers and doctors, and access to pipe water, major roads and telephone). For environmental indicators, the air pollution and soil erosion index perform better in tourism areas than mining areas, while other variables including forestry coverage, water quality and an overall ecological health index detect little difference between mining and tourism areas. The paper concludes that sector difference in economic and environmental performances may be over-emphasized. How mining and tourism contribute to or impact the sustainability of regional development needs to be further studied within the local context. Paper 3 develops a case study of a Tibet village called Jisha in northwest Yunnan to explore management as a factor influencing tourism impacts on environment and local economic productivity. Jisha village experiences two types of tourism development. A community based small-scale tourism development project, initiated by a local nongovernment organization, aims to partner with Jisha residents to build a Tibetan style hostel which will bring tourism income to the villagers. An external company plans to construct a hotel, golf course and chair- lift by making a large investment in the community. Although some aspects of this project are likely to benefit the local community better than others, local residents are resisting all development efforts. Results of the ethnographic study show organization- led projects work better in benefiting local people and conserving environment than corporation businesses. However, such ventures may not have the multiplier effect on the local economy as external corporate businesses because of the moderate size of the investment.

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Bergami, Giacomo. "Hypergraph Mining for Social Networks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7106/.

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Nowadays, more and more data is collected in large amounts, such that the need of studying it both efficiently and profitably is arising; we want to acheive new and significant informations that weren't known before the analysis. At this time many graph mining algorithms have been developed, but an algebra that could systematically define how to generalize such operations is missing. In order to propel the development of a such automatic analysis of an algebra, We propose for the first time (to the best of my knowledge) some primitive operators that may be the prelude to the systematical definition of a hypergraph algebra in this regard.

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30

Neary, Daniel G., and Pablo Garcia-Chevesich. "Climate Change Impacts on Municipal, Mining, and Agricultural Water Supplies in Chile." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296691.

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31

Selman, Paul Harry. "An approach to the assessment of the agricultural impacts of coal mining." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1787.

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Contentions that expansion of the British coal mining industry into predominantly rural areas may pose serious threats to agriculture and food production are reviewed in the light of the available evidence. It is considered that, whilst the severity of impacts and rate of future development may have been overstated, the conflicts are sufficiently significant to warrant close examination. Further, land use planners are responding for the first time to mining proposals affecting entire coalfields, thus making it essential to establish the correct principles of development from the outset. It is noted that past assessments of agricultural impacts have failed to reflect their diverse and pervasive nature, thus necessitating the identification of more appropriate methods of forecasting. In the light of current weaknesses in practice, it is argued that a formal system of impact assessment may prove necessary. Those characteristics of mining operations and associated end-uses which are likely to affect agriculture are analysed, as are those aspects of the farm enterprise most vulnerable to disruption. These various characteristics are then used as a basis for the assessment of mining-agriculture impacts. A review of the strategic nature of impacts arising from mining programmes is considered desirable, and limited proposals are made regarding assessment at this scale. More detailed consideration is given to an appraisal framework for individual mining proposals, and this is tested in relation to part of the 'Vale of Belvoirl coalfield. It is concluded that, although further methodological refinements and field investigations are necessary, the early implementation of an impact assessment procedure is nevertheless justified.

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Mikkonen, M. (Miia). "Mining impacts on the image of a tourist resort: case: Ylläs, Kolari." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201305201308.

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A mining boom is taking place in Northern and Eastern Finland. Mining may cause land-use conflicts with existing activities in the area. This paper studies the impacts mining has on the image of the Ylläs tourist resort in Kolari in Northern Lapland. The image of Ylläs relies strongly on nature. This study studies the image building process and things that have an impact on it. The main focus of the study is the perceptions of tourists about mining in the vicinity of a tourist resort. The theoretical framework uses the concepts of place, place promotion, landscape, identity and image. In Kolari there are plans to reopen the Hannukainen iron-gold-copper mine, which concerns the tourism industry due to its possible impact on the image of Ylläs. Empirical material was gathered with a questionnaire realized in cooperation with DILACOMI -project during spring 2012 at the Levi and Ylläs tourist resorts. Information on tourists’ attitudes towards mines, especially in cases where mines are located close to a tourist resort was collected. The interviewees’ thoughts in regards potential mining in the area were slightly negative. Mining might reduce tourists’ willingness to revisit the area. Both the threats and opportunities that mines bring were recognized. Mining and tourism can exist next to each other. Finding the balance between possible mining activities and tourism is the key to decreasing the negative impact on the image.

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Ditsele, Ofentse. "Application of life cycle assessment to estimate environmental impacts of surface coal mining." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Ditsele_09007dcc807d4fd7.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 15, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).

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Bode-Jimenez, Gabriel. "ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO SUBSURFACE BODIES OF WATER DUE TO UNDERGROUND COAL MINING." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/35.

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Underground coal mining operations induce ground movements, which may impact overlying hydrogeologic systems. Potential impacts mainly include changes in the hydraulic conductivity of overlying strata, decreasing of the hydraulic head and changes in water flow. The present research quantifies potential hydrogeologic impacts caused by underground mining through modeling of pre- and post-mining hydrogeologic systems. Three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic models were constructed with the Processing Modflow for Windows software package (PMWiN). The models are based on an actual case study, but were simplified in terms of geometry and material properties. Water flow was simulated under changing hydrogeologic properties. A number of scenarios were investigated including models with horizontal or inclined topography, featuring an aquifer overlying two longwall panels. The hydrogeologic properties of the models were estimated based on empirical relationships between the post-mining hydraulic conductivity and strain in the overburden. The strain regime in the overburden was estimated using the Surface Deformation Prediction System (SDPS) package, which allows calculation of surface deformations due to underground coal mining. The research focuses on changes in hydraulic heads; results indicate that hydraulic heads may decrease over undermined areas and may rebound as mining ceases. Water infiltration may occur from higher located overburden formations to lower formations due to mining induced changes in hydrogeologic properties.

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Vilhena, Marlene dos Santos. "A responsabilidade socioambiental das empresas mineradoras instaladas nos municípios de Pedra Branca do Amapari e Serra do Navio no Amapá: reflexão sobre a atividade mineradora e as práticas ambientais sustentáveis." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6462.

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This dissertation has as objective the characterization of mineral sector in the municipalities of Pedra Branca do Amapari and Serra do Navio both located in the State of Amapá, identifies the possible environmental impacts and socioenvironmental responsibility of mining companies installed in the municipalities mentioned above and, check the environmental impacts arising from the environmental management of mining enterprises, with a view on the contribution to sustainable development these municipalities and their environments. As referential framework, analyse the contemporary doctrine in order to enable the verification of the evolution of social and environmental development as a form of contribution for the discussion of effective guarantees of preservation of the environment and, in addition to different approaches how to prevent and repair from the possibility of application of principles applied to mining considering, as a the fundamental elements for the implementation of policies relating to sustainable mining. The importance of this study lies in fact the environment suffer consequences from human actions, having in wiew the harnessing and exploitation of natural resources. The study proposes a as aspect innovative/contribution is the economic production with the sustainability of mining companies where the actions within a socio-environmental compensation as an instrument "miner" in environmental licensing. It would be a variable (Institute of prior environmental compensation) that he should comply (art. 170, caput, VII of CF/88) in accordance with the legal device "prior environmental compensation" regulated by law No 9,985/2000. Where the entrepreneur in reason the potential activity and significantly detrimental that want to develop, which will cause environmental impacts. In addition to the constitutional definitions and infra-constitutional concerning to principles and fundamental values the system of preservation of the environment, the Brazilian legislation passed also counting with the National Environmental Policy, instituted by Federal Law No 6,938/81, of August 31, 1981. Which elected as important instrument environmental impact study (EIA) for the installation of any and all work or even activity that potentially could cause significant degradation of the environment in the face of those who wish to lawfully explore mineral resources
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a caracterização do setor mineral nos municípios de Pedra Branca do Amapari e Serra do Navio ambos localizados no estado do Amapá, identifica os possíveis impactos socioambientais e a responsabilidade socioambiental das empresas mineradoras instalados nos municípios supracitado e, verificar os impactos socioambientais decorrentes da gestão ambiental dos empreendimentos mineradores, com vista na contribuição para o desenvolvimento sustentável desses municípios e seus entornos. Como marco referencial, analisa-se a doutrina contemporânea de forma a possibilitar a verificação da evolução do desenvolvimento socioambiental como forma de contribuição para a discussão de garantias efetivas da preservação do meio ambiente e, além de diferentes abordagens como prevenir e reparar a partir da possibilidade de aplicação de princípios aplicados a mineração considerando, como um dos elementos fundamentais para a efetivação de políticas atinentes à mineração sustentável. A importância desse estudo reside no fato do meio ambiente sofrer consequências a partir das ações humanas, tendo em vista o aproveitamento e exploração de recursos naturais. O estudo propõe um como aspecto inovador/contribuição é a produção econômica com a sustentabilidade das empresas mineradoras onde as ações dentro de uma compensação socioambiental como instrumento minerador no licenciamento Ambiental. Seria uma variável (instituto da compensação ambiental prévia) que Ele deveria cumprir (art. 170, caput, VII da CF/88) em conformidade com o dispositivo legal compensação ambiental prévia regulado pela Lei n. 9.985/2000. Onde o empreendedor em razão da atividade potencial e significadamente degradadora que queira desenvolver, a qual provocará impactos ambientais. Além das definições constitucionais e infraconstitucionais concernentes aos princípios e valores fundamentais do sistema de preservação do meio ambiente, a legislação brasileira passou a também a contar com a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, instituída pela Lei Federal n. 6.938/81, de 31 de agosto de 1981. Que elegeu como importante instrumento Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para a instalação de toda e qualquer obra ou mesmo atividade que potencialmente possa causar significativa degradação do meio ambiente em face daqueles que pretendem licitamente explorar recursos minerais

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Shen, Yelong. "Social Network Mining and Its Applications." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1426778906.

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Neary, Daniel G., and Pablo Garcia-Chevesich. "Hydrology and Erosion Impacts of Mining Derived Coastal Sand Dunes, Chañaral Bay, Chile." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296690.

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Herlaar, Sjoerd. "Exploring Consumer Expenditure And Environmental Impacts Across European Nations : A Data-Mining Approach." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264518.

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As the pressures on the environment created by humanity increase, understanding how products influence a person’s overall impact becomes more important in order to make choices about how a person chooses to consume. Recent literature shows that household consumption is responsible for 51% to 81% of a nation’s total emissions (Ivanova, Stadler, et al. 2016). This study investigates whether expenditure is a viable proxy measurement for consumer impacts in Europe. Without knowledge about the relative impacts of consumer expenditure on the environment, European citizens cannot make conscious choices regarding their expenses and how they relate to environmental impact, while policy-makers have no basis to develop tailored environmental policy mechanisms. This study combined Input-Output Analysis, Data Mining, and Regression Analysis to check if a correlation between expenditure and impact exists. The results are contextualised in consumption categories. Results from Input-Output Analysis suggest that Housing, Food, and Transport are the largest categories of expense throughout Europe. While expenses vary significantly throughout Europe, common trends emerge. Pattern Recognition and Cluster Analysis algorithms show that expenditure habits differ especially between north-west, east, south, and coastal Europe. Each of the four groups consists of between six and eleven nations. In general, lower economic development indicates higher expenditure in Housing and Food, while higher economic development indicates higher expenditure in Recreation & Culture, and Goods & Services. Coastal Europe spends more on Restaurants & Hotels, and Education. The expenditures were translated to four environmental impacts; Global Warming Potential, Land Use, Material Use, and Blue Water Consumption. Next, correlation between expenditure and environmental impact was checked using Regression Analysis. The analysis showed that out of the twelve expenditure categories, Clothing & Footwear and Furnishing & Household, showed a significant correlation between expenditure and the four impact categories. Food, Alcohol & Tobacco, and Recreation & Culture showed significance in two impact categories, and Transport showed significance in one category. In total 15 out of the 48 (31%) tested impact categories showed significance. Using the identified groups, the amount of impact categories that show correlation with expenditure grows to 44%, and up to 68%. Unfortunately, given the size of these groups, these results are not statistically significant. That said, the method shows promise, and further research with a larger scope could produce statistically significant results.
Allt eftersom trycket på miljön som skapas av mänskligheten ökar blir det mer och mer viktigt att ha förståelse för hur produkter påverkar en persons totala påverkan för att göra val om hur en person väljer att konsumera. Senare litteratur visar att hushållens konsumtion är ansvarig för 51% till 81 % av landets totala utsläpp (Ivanova, Stadler, et al. 2016). Denna studie undersöker om utgifterna är en genomförbar proxy-mätning för konsumentpåverkan i Europa i hopp om att ge konsumenterna mer kunskap om sina konsumtionsvanor och hur dessa påverkar miljön. Detta görs genom att kombinera inputoutput-analys, datamining och regressionsanalys för att kontrollera om det finns en betydande korrelation mellan utgifter och effekter. Resultaten är kontextualiserade i COICOPkategorier. Resultaten från analysen för input-output tyder på att bostäder, mat och transport är de största kostnadskategorierna i hela Europa. Utgiftsbeloppet varierar avsevärt i hela Europa, trots att trenden dyker upp. Mönsterigenkänning och klusteranalys algoritmer visar att utgiftsvanor skiljer sig särskilt mellan nordvästra, östra, södra, och kusten av Europa. Var och en av de fyra grupperna best˚ar av mellan sex och elva nationer. I allmänhet indikerar lägre ekonomisk utveckling högre utgifter f¨or bostäder och livsmedel, medan högre ekonomisk utveckling indikerar högre utgifter inom rekreation & kultur och varor & tjänster. Europas kust spenderar mer på restauranger & hotell och utbildning. Miljöpåverkan av alla utgifter beräknades med fyra kategorier för miljöpåverkan; Global uppvärmningspotential, markanvändning, materialanvändning och blå vattenförbrukning. Därefter kontrollerades sambandet mellan utgifter och miljöpåverkan med hjälp av regressionsanalys. Analysen visade att utav de tolv utgiftskategorierna hade kläder & skor samt inredning och hushåll betydande samband mellan utgifterna och de fyra effektskategorierna. Mat, alkohol & tobak och rekreation & kultur var signifikanta i två effektskategorier, och transport visade var signifikant i en kategori. Totalt var 15 av de 48 testade påverkanskategorierna signifikanta. Det här är 31%. Med hjälp av de identifierade grupperna ökar beloppet av effektskategorier som korrelerar med utgifterna från 44% upp till 68%. Det är viktigt att notera att med tanke på storleken av dessa grupper är dessa resultat inte statistiskt signifikanta. Däremot verkar metoden vara lovande. Ytterligare forskning med större omfattning skulle kunna ge statistiskt signifikanta resultat.

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Sakuwaha, Kabangu Grace. "Impacts of mining on land use - A case (study) of Luanshya district, Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29856.

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Copper mining is the main driver of Zambia’s economic growth and development and plays a significant role in the global supply of materials for electrical, plumbing, heating and transport equipment among other benefits. However, primary production and beneficiation of copper pose serious risks to the mining districts such as environmental pollution, landscape alterations, land degradation and social economic challenges to the host communities. This research looks at the landscape alterations in the mining district of Luanshya, and how these alterations are related to mining and other land uses. Using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the landscape alterations were mapped and analysed to identify the processes causing these alterations and their impacts on land use. Secondly, stakeholder interviews were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the mapped landscape alterations, what the approach has been to land use planning and the stakeholder roles in this planning. Analysis of the findings identifies that landscape alterations in the district have been caused by different inter-related mechanisms stemming from a number of causes. These causes include high dependency on copper mining; inadequate enforcement of environmental legislation; lack of state involvement in land use planning of mining districts; and also global factors such as commodity market conditions. As a result, boom and bust commodity cycles have had significant impacts on the wellbeing of both mining communities and the environment. These impacts are not limited to the mine sites alone but extend to entire districts. This research also identifies that while mining plays a vital role in the economic development of Zambia, adequate enforcement of environmental legislation and adoption of inclusive land use planning may stimulate sustainable development of mining districts and foster sustainable land use patterns. Furthermore, this study recommends that future land use planning must be dynamic in terms of adopting postmining restoration of landscapes and infrastructure while also taking the direct and indirect impacts of mining into account.

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Zhou, Lu. "Mining and Understanding Regret Tweets." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1418248175.

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Elias, Amber. "Nanticoke, Pennsylvania: Impacts of the Anthracite Coal Industry: A Case Study." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/333.

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The story of Nanticoke, Pennsylvania from 1747 to 2006 is at the same time a look into the economic, political, and social aspects of America. From the birth of the American Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, Nanticoke played an important role in the economic health of the country. Profits from capital investment brought great wealth to the elite of the Wyoming Valley and financiers in New York and Philadelphia. The use of immigrant labor to maintain labor costs would presage corporate use of other groups. With the change in technology and the movement of capital elsewhere, Nanticoke faced the trauma of economic hardship and the need to address the human and social cost of the loss of coal mining. The actions taken by the local leadership failed to meet the challenge. Confronting the harsh reality of possible further decline, the community of Nanticoke must take action upon a plan that holds out a possibility of stopping the hemorrhage of its decline, and perhaps even begin a recovery. The people of Nanticoke and their problems are now one being repeated elsewhere in America. The questions raised by what happened in Nanticoke lie at the core of the economic, political, and social questions facing the United States today. Corporate responsibility, quality of life, immigration, and effective urban planning are just some of the issues that Nanticoke's story poses for the rest of America.

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Williams, Jennifer Mravintz. "Impacts on terrestrial and streamside herpetofauna by mountaintop removal mining in southern West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3231.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 153 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).

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Herath, Dulana Nilupul. "Fire impacts on restored shrublands following mining for heavy minerals near Eneabba, southwestern Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116352.

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Following mineral-sand mining in the northern sandplains near Eneabba, southwestern Australia, rehabilitation managers have the difficult task of restoring shrubland communities of exceptional plant species richness. Management aims to restore a fully functional and self-sustaining shrubland community with similar vegetation and resilience properties to that of the surrounding natural vegetation. This thesis examines the performance of the restoration program by Iluka Resources Ltd. (and their predecessors) by comparing current vegetation properties and their response to fires on previously mined land versus the surrounding natural shrubland. As biomass accumulates post-restoration, fires will return as a natural disturbance factor and, as a result, a desirable measure of restoration success might include the ability of the postmined lands to recover from disturbance. Pre-burnt plant species diversity, composition, structure and key functional attributes in four mined sites rehabilitated 8 (R8) to 24 (R24) years ago were compared with those of surrounding natural areas classified on the basis of substrate type (low and high sand dunes, shallow sand swales, sand over laterite and sand over limestone). The rehabilitated sites (except R8) had more species (about 140) than natural sites (about 100) with 12–37% species in common with natural sites. Floristic composition was most similar to the local swales and dunes (physically closest).
Two strong colonizers, the fire-killed Acacia blakelyi and the fire-tolerant Melaleuca leuropoma, were universally present. Plant densities were about a quarter to half those of natural sites. Fire-resprouters were under-represented. Growth-form distributions were most similar to those of the dunes, with some woody shrubs up to 2.5 m tall present. Greater iron levels and soil hardness (penetrability) were the only soil factors consistently greater in rehabilitated sites. Following experimental fires at the same study sites, species richness fell by 22–41% in rehabilitated sites but increased by 4–29% in natural sites. Species present before fire were reduced by 40–56% in rehabilitated sites and 4–12% in natural sites. Only 42–66% of resprouting species recovered in rehabilitated sites, whereas 96–100% recovered in natural sites. Nonsprouting species recruitment was also lower in rehabilitated (18–57%) than natural (67–85%) sites. Seedling mortality over the first summer after fire was higher in rehabilitated sites (59-86% death of individuals) than in natural sites (14-60%). PCoA ordination showed that fire altered the floristic composition of rehabilitated sites much more than it did in natural sites, mostly attributable to the loss of the extant resprouter species. It was found that the smaller lignotuber size (source of dormant buds) recorded in rehabilitated (vs. natural) resprouters was responsible for their higher post-fire mortality. For equivalent crown size in ten common lignotuberous shrub species, lignotuber circumferences were, on average, 50% smaller at rehabilitated sites.
As a result, overall persistence in these species was much lower in rehabilitated (mean of 52% alive, range of 11–93%) versus natural sites (mean of 96%, range of 79–100%), but improved with time since restoration for five of the ten selected species. Apart from differences in the age of the plants (natural sites having much older plants recruited after previous fires), the lower soil penetrability at rehabilitated sites may have restricted lignotuber development. A tradeoff favoring a higher crown volume to lignotuber size ratio was also apparent in nine of the ten species with greater crown volumes (by 37%) and smaller lignotubers (by 36%) in rehabilitated sites. Demographic attributes for six selected woody species were compared between rehabilitated and natural sites (~3-30 years since disturbance) to investigate growth patterns and optimum fire-return intervals. At matched years since restoration or last fire, nonsprouter species in rehabilitated sites grew larger (1.1 to 4.7 times) and produced/stored more viable seeds per plant (1.1 to 10.9 times). Despite older aged individuals in natural sites at matched years since restoration vs. last fire, restored resprouters were larger (1.1 to 3.6 times) and produced/stored more viable seeds (1.1 to 6.9 times). Although greater growth and fecundity rates were recorded in rehabilitated sites, the estimated optimum fire-return interval based on maximum seed production was similar in rehabilitated and natural sites for five out of six species.
However, mean fire intervals typical of surrounding natural vegetation near the Eneabba area (13 years over the last 40 years) may not be suitable for rehabilitated minesites at Eneabba, whereby longer initial fire intervals (20–30 years) would better ensure persistence of resprouter individuals via the seedling recruitment strategy and resprouting strategy. Iv My study indicated that the returned vegetation can at present be classified as “rehabilitated” or “partially restored” but not “completely restored” since the original plant diversity, composition, structure, and resilience properties to fire have not yet been achieved. It may not be possible/realistic to achieve complete restoration since mining is such a destructive disturbance type that some complex ecological attributes may take centuries to develop. I discuss six key factors as important in improving the overall restoration success at Eneabba: 1) restoration of a deeper topsoil and looser subsoil profile; 2) collection of appropriate amounts of only local provenance species, mulch and topsoil; 3) control of highly competitive species; 4) management of fertilizer additions; 5) reseeding and replanting in subsequent years after the initial restoration treatments, including after initial fires; and 6) delaying the introduction of management fires until the restored vegetation develops sufficient fire-resilience properties.

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Mansfeld, Christina. "Environmental impacts of prospecting and mining in Namibian national parks : implications for legislative compliance." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1646.

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Msimanga, Bongani. "Exploring the impacts of renewable energy and energy efficiency policies on the mining sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96668.

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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Worldwide, energy has been, and continues to be, key to economic development. However, the current global consensus is that energy-related carbon dioxide emissions would, at current rates, put the world onto a potentially catastrophic trajectory which could lead to global warming of 5 degree Celsius or more compared to pre-industrial times. There is a critical need for a low-carbon development or a move away from conventional fossil fuels energy sources. This study explores impacts of policies that South Africa developed in order to champion sustainable energy strategies based on energy efficiency and non-conventional energy sources, including renewable energy. The mining sector, because of its energy-intensive nature, was chosen. In order to achieve this objective three approaches were carried out: (i) a critical review of literature on energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) ; (ii) two case-studies that demonstrate the impacts of the policies; and (iii) action research on a sample of mines using survey questionnaire and interviewing. The research results show that the need to have security in energy and the need to be competitive and grow revenue are significant in deciding to carry out EE and RE initiatives in the mining sector. The results also show that safety followed by production are the priorities and are accompanied by a range of other demands, such as cost reduction and legislative requirements. It is, therefore, within this context that EE and RE initiative will always be carried out in the mining sector. The research concludes that, under the current market framework, South African EE and RE policies are not as effective as hoped they would be. The research, therefore, recommends that a percentage of the mines’ revenue could be dedicated to EE and RE initiatives. In addition, South Africa needs to come up with a new type of productive endeavour that would lead to less extractive industries, including mines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Energie is, was en sal wereldwyd altyd die sleutel wees tot ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Nieteenstaande, word dit wereldwyd aanvaar dat die huidige energie opwekking se koolstofdioksied vrystelling moontlik kan lei tot aardverwarming van 5 grade Celsius of meer wanneer vergelyk met word met pre-industriële tye. Daar is ‘n kritiese behoefte aan lae koolstofdioksied vrystelling ontwikkelings of ‘n beperking van konvensionele fossielbrandstof energiebronne. Hierdie studie analiseer die impak van die Suid Afrikaanse beleid wat ontwikkel is om volhoubare energie te bevorder wat effektief en onkonvensioneel is, insluitend hernubare energie. Die mynsektor, as ‘n groot verbruiker van energie, vorm die kern van die studie. Die studie is voltooi in drie fases naamlik: (1) kritiese oorsig van die literatuur oor energiedoeltreffendheid (EE) en hernubare energie (RE); (2) twee gevallestudies wat die impak van die beleid bevestig; en (3) praktiese navorsing deur middel van vraelyste en persoonlike onderhoude met seker myne. Die navorsing bevestig dat die behoefte aan bestendige energie teen kompeterende pryse wat die mynsektor in staat stel om inkomste te groei ,‘n beduidende invloed het op die besluit om EE of RE inisiatiewe te onderneem. Die resultate bevestig verder dat beroepsveiligheid en produksie uitsette die eerste prioriteite vir die myne is. Dit word verder beinvloed deur kostebesparings en wetlike vereistes. Enige EE en RE inisiatiewe wat onderneem word sal in hierdie konteks plaasvind. Die navorsing kom tot die slotsom dat, onder huidige marktoestande, Suid Afrika se EE en RE beleid nie so effektief is as waarop daar gehoop is nie. Die navorsing beveel derhalwe aan dat ‘n persentasie van myne se inkomste geoormerk moet word vir EE en RE inisiatiewe. Verder meer , Suid Afrika moet strewe na tipes produksie wat minder natuurlike grondstowwe onttrek, insluitend die myne.

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La, Cava Edward. "Mining for a Gilded Age: Social Media and Social Phenomena." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/253.

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Kibanov, Mark [Verfasser]. "Social Network Mining for Analysis of Social Phenomena / Mark Kibanov." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193090261/34.

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Corley, Courtney D. Mikler Armin. "Social network simulation and mining social media to advance epidemiology." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11053.

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Corley, Courtney David. "Social Network Simulation and Mining Social Media to Advance Epidemiology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11053/.

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Traditional Public Health decision-support can benefit from the Web and social media revolution. This dissertation presents approaches to mining social media benefiting public health epidemiology. Through discovery and analysis of trends in Influenza related blogs, a correlation to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) influenza-like-illness patient reporting at sentinel health-care providers is verified. A second approach considers personal beliefs of vaccination in social media. A vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in May 2006. The virus is present in nearly all cervical cancers and implicated in many throat and oral cancers. Results from automatic sentiment classification of HPV vaccination beliefs are presented which will enable more accurate prediction of the vaccine's population-level impact. Two epidemic models are introduced that embody the intimate social networks related to HPV transmission. Ultimately, aggregating these methodologies with epidemic and social network modeling facilitate effective development of strategies for targeted interventions.

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Wang, Guan. "Graph-Based Approach on Social Data Mining." Thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668648.

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Powered by big data infrastructures, social network platforms are gathering data on many aspects of our daily lives. The online social world is reflecting our physical world in an increasingly detailed way by collecting people's individual biographies and their various of relationships with other people. Although massive amount of social data has been gathered, an urgent challenge remain unsolved, which is to discover meaningful knowledge that can empower the social platforms to really understand their users from different perspectives.

Motivated by this trend, my research addresses the reasoning and mathematical modeling behind interesting phenomena on social networks. Proposing graph based data mining framework regarding to heterogeneous data sources is the major goal of my research. The algorithms, by design, utilize graph structure with heterogeneous link and node features to creatively represent social networks' basic structures and phenomena on top of them.

The graph based heterogeneous mining methodology is proved to be effective on a series of knowledge discovery topics, including network structure and macro social pattern mining such as magnet community detection (87), social influence propagation and social similarity mining (85), and spam detection (86). The future work is to consider dynamic relation on social data mining and how graph based approaches adapt from the new situations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social impacts of mining'

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