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1
Stipelman, Brooke A. "Social skills deficit versus performance inhibition in socially anxious individuals." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3093.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Xu, Kun. "Media are social actors: Individuals' social responses to social robots and mobile phones." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/534502.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
The Computers are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm was proposed more than two decades ago to understand humans’ interaction with computer technologies. Today, as emerging media technologies including social robots and smartphones become more personal and persuasive, questions of how users respond to them socially, what individual factors leverage the relationship, and what constitutes the social influence of these technologies need to be addressed. As an expansion of the CASA paradigm, the Media are Social Actors (MASA) paradigm was applied in the current dissertation to understand users’ social perception, social attitudes, and social behavior in their interactions with humanoid social robots and smartphones. Two lab experiments with between-subjects factorial design were conducted. A total of 110 participants were asked to interact with a humanoid social robot and a smartphone respectively in a socio-emotional context and a task-oriented context. Four pairs of social cues were compared to understand their influence on users’ anthropomorphism of the technologies. Multivariate analyses and textual analyses were conducted. Results suggested that users developed more trust in the social robot with a human voice than with a synthetic voice. Users also developed more intimacy and more interest in the social robot when the robot was paired with humanlike gestures. However, individual differences such as users’ attitudes toward robots, robot use experiences, and suspension of disbelief affected users’ psychological responses to the social robot. Although users’ responses to the smartphone did not vary based on the language styles and the modalities, factors such as individuals’ intensive smartphone use, mobile use habits, and their source orientation and re-orientation moderated the social influence of the smartphone. The dissertation has theoretical value in expanding the CASA paradigm to social robots and smartphones. It also tests the validity of the propositions of the MASA paradigm. The results can lead to more comprehensive, nuanced, and exciting discoveries of the social implications, ethical implications, and practical guides of using these emerging media technologies in the future.
Temple University--Theses
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Marineau, Joshua Eric. "INDIVIDUALS’ FORMAL POWER AND THEIR SOCIAL NETWORK ACCURACY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/management_etds/2.
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Previous research has suggested that individuals differ in their accuracy of perceptions of the social environment, and some research suggests that powerful individuals in particular tend to be lazy, disinterested observers of the social world. A handful of field studies and lab experiments linking power with individuals’ perceptions of others’ social networks have generally supported this view. However, recent theory addressing the psychological consequences of power for the power-holder claim that in certain circumstances and for some kinds of social information, power is linked to increased accuracy of social information. This dissertation tests this idea by drawing on social network theory and the situated focus theory of power. I examine the relationship between individuals’ formal power and their perceptual accuracy of social network relationships. I propose that individuals’ perceptual accuracy is affected by 1) their formal power in the organization 2) the type of relationship being perceived (expressive/instrumental, positive/negative), and 3) the dependence relationship with the target of perception (whether the perceiver is dependent on the perceived to get their work done). Predictions were tested using cognitive social network data collected from a call center within a division of a large corporation in the US. Results showed that formal power was linked to increased accuracy for some relationship content (particularly negative expressive relationships), and managers tend to be more accurate when perceiving their own incoming relationships than non-managers.
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White, Sam. "Recollections of humiliation in individuals with social phobia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275296.
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Baker, Jessica N. "Siblings of Individuals with Autism: Levels of Social Anxiety and Social Skills." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/258.
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Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders characterized by the presence of three core features: impairments in communication and social interaction, the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Estimates from the Center for Disease Control indicate that 1 in 88 individuals in the United States will be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Siblings are especially affected by the birth of an autistic sibling because of increased stress related to living with an autistic sibling. Increased environmental stress and the genetic component of autism has led to the hypothesis that typically developing siblings may be at a risk for behavioral, emotional and social maladjustments, even in the absence of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. The current study sought to compare social skills and levels of social anxiety, as measured by self-report scales, of siblings of individuals with ASD to siblings of typically developing individuals across two age ranges. Results indicate that social skills and levels of social anxiety did not differ between individuals with siblings on the autism spectrum and those with typically developing siblings, for both individuals under the age of 18 and over the age of 18. The current results indicate that unaffected siblings of individuals with autism do not differ from their peers with typically developing siblings in measures of social skills, social anxiety and qualitative autistic traits. Environmental factors associated with living with an autistic sibling and the genetic component of autism does not appear to negatively affect the development of neurotypical siblings at any age.
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Brennan, Erin Ann. "Stigmatization of HIV positive individuals." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1574154001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Borsuk, Alexandra M. "Social and Behavioral Characteristics of Individuals with Celiac Disease." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366232495.
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Ray, Justine. "Implicit and Explicit Social Isolation in Eating Disordered Individuals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343181674.
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Walby, Gary W. "Associations between individual, social, and service factors, recovery expectations and recovery strategies for individuals with mental illness." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002203.
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Triche, Amy B. "Characteristics of Shy and Socially Phobic Individuals." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/373.
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Thesis advisor: Donnah CanavanThis study examines the relationship between shyness/social phobia and other personality traits, as manifested in college students. Very few studies have compared shyness and social phobia, and even fewer have contrasted them. However, we believe that there are several important differences between the two. Mainly, one hypothesis is that social phobics long to be more extroverted and, thus, are more conflicted in many aspects of their personalities. Moreover, very few studies have found a conclusive link between shyness or social phobia and self-esteem. One of our main hypotheses is that there is a link between shyness/social phobia and low social self-esteem, although not necessarily overall self-esteem. We sought support for these hypotheses and others in the analysis of data obtained through a survey, composed of several standard questionnaires, as well as original material covering areas of self-image, behaviors, emotions, and personality traits. The results did indicate substantial differences between shyness and social phobia, with social phobics having higher levels of extraversion and, overall, more conflict within themselves
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Cappe, Shauna. "Social Barriers to Physical Activity for Individuals with Physical Disabilities." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23339.
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The purpose of this thesis was to explore socially constructed discursive barriers to physical activity for people with physical disabilities. This research was informed by a critical disability studies framework. Eight interviews were conducted, split between end-users and stakeholders. The end-user article discusses their perspectives with regard to their own PA participation, their use of PA resources, and their views of how disability is constructed. The stakeholder article deals with their views with regard to Canada’s progress in creating inclusive PA guidelines, the research process as it effects people with physical disabilities, and how disability is constructed. The results showed awareness among both groups of the social model of disability, but that the medical model is still firmly rooted. Work is needed to create inclusive promotional materials and disseminate them effectively. An effective advocacy and lobbying effort was suggested as one avenue towards a possible solution to this issue.
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Denver, John William. "The social engagement system functional differences in individuals with autism /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1351.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Orozco, Danielle Marie. "JOB READINESS OF SOCIAL WORKERS SERVING INDIVIDUALS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/809.
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The present study explored advance year Master of Social Work (MSW) candidates and graduated social workers perceived preparedness to serve individuals with developmental disabilities (DD). There has been minimal of studies that have explored perceived preparedness in serving individuals with DD, more specifically in the field of social work. Due to the lack of research on the topic and the recent growth of the DD population, the present research was an exploratory project that utilized qualitative techniques. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews that analyzed advance year Master of Social Work candidates and graduated social workers perceived preparedness serving individuals who are developmentally disabled. The findings of this study suggested that Master of Social Work candidates and graduated social workers are not prepared to serve the DD population. Based on the qualitative analyses, four themes emerged about social workers serving the DD population. The implications of this study include the need for reevaluation of the Council on Social Work Education accreditation standards and ethical standards put forth by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW).
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Hagstrand, Simon. "Social Knowledge Exchange : How Individuals exchange and interpret information to recieve correct understanding." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13016.
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Kamlager, Carolee. "Identity Making Process of Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/8.
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The shadow of stigma theory typically surrounds the research investigation of the lives of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities. McAdams’ life story theory and methodology provide a human development framework as an alternative to the prevailing framework in the field of disability. This study moves out of the shadow of otherness and examines the personal identity making process of twelve individuals with mild intellectual disabilities in the light of human development theory. Findings dispel the assumption that individuals with mild intellectual disabilities construct their lives solely through their disability. Rather, the identity making process includes the influences of socio-cultural events, religion, mentoring, advocacy, and the lived experience of disability.
In this study, twelve adults with mild intellectual disabilities completed adapted life story interviews and four quantitative measures to explore the themes and patterns of agency, communion, redemption, contamination and generativity. Additional qualitative analysis expanded the range of discovery for influences in the identity making process. Following analysis of the quantitative scores, interviewees were placed in either the Higher Generativity Group or Lower Generativity Group. Analysis occurred at three levels: within case, within group and between group.
Differences between the groups emerged, such as, involvement in human rights advocacy, presence of mentors and spiritual guides, and religious beliefs. Human rights advocacy provided a rich source of generativity and meaningful connection to others, politically, socially and emotionally. Turning point narratives often contained religious and redemptive content themes. While interviewees did not narrate the majority of scenes with disability centric content, one-half of the interviewees narrated disability content in their high point scenes, suggesting the positive internalization of their disability into their personal identity. The major findings confirm the importance of studying the life stories of this population from the perspective of human development theory. This study presents conclusions that impact research methodology for this population, as well as, social work research, policy development, practice and education.
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Chahine, Jennifer. "Social workers' perceptions of individuals who use drugs and alcohol problematically." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523096.
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Objective: Studies have shown that people often report stigma as a barrier to entering treatment for substance related conditions. This study attempted to determine whether if using stigmatizing language when referring to individuals with substance related conditions would perpetuate stigmatizing attitudes among social worker and other behavioral health professionals.
Methods: Participants were asked to read a vignette that contained one of two terms substance abuser or substance use disorder to rate their agreement with a number of related statements. N = 65, Master's level Social workers (25%) and other behavioral health professionals (75%). A likert-scale questionnaire with three subscales (perpetuator-punishment, victim-treatment, and social threat) was used to assessed whether the character was a social threat, able to regulate substance use, and should receive punitive or treatment option.
Results: No significant differences were found on the social-treat or victim treatment subscales. However, a difference was detected on the perpetuator-punishment scale. Those who responded to the substance abuser vignette in specialization Other were more likely to perceive the character as culpable.
Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that there is chance that it may matter how we refer to individuals with problematic substance and/or alcohol use. The term substance abuser may influence stigmatizing attitudes.
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Carbo, Brigid Clark. "The use of social stories with individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.43Mb, 152 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428191.
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Green, Mary Willa A. "How Attention is Affected by Anxiety Among Individuals with Social Phobia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/437.
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Social phobia is the fear that one’s behavior in a social situation will be inappropriate and will lead to humiliation and rejection. The purpose of this study was to learn more about how individuals with social phobia direct their attention when they are experiencing social anxiety. Previous research shows that such individuals focus their attention on negative self-evaluation during a feared social event, while other research shows that an individual with social phobia focuses on picking up negative cues in the environment during a stressful event. Fifty participants from a region in Southern California completed the study. Participants completed a computer task in which targets to be identified were preceded by negative or neutral social cues. Participants were then given an anxiety induction before completing another block of the computer task. Results showed that neither level of social anxiety nor manipulation of anxiety affected performance on the computer task. Regardless of social anxiety level, all participants showed slower reaction times when prompted with a negative social cue whether at the target location or elsewhere. Future research should explore the effects of negative social cues on attention.
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Piggot, Judith Innes. "Emotion attribution from facial expressions in individuals with social communication impairment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30896/.
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Social communication impairment (SCI) is recognised as the core deficit in all autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Social communication involves the perceptual, emotion and cognitive processing of the facial expressions of other people to attribute the correct emotion. Activation in these three regions of interest (ROI) is, potentially, informative when investigating the underlying aetiology of SCI. Therefore, they were chosen a priori as ROI during the attribution of emotion attribution from facial expressions with the categorical and dimensional studies respectively. In the categorical studies, 16 high functioning individuals with an ASD diagnosis and 10 typically developing controls attributed emotion from static facial expressions while neural activation in these three hypothesis-driven ROI was measured. Individuals with ASD demonstrated comparable expertise and had comparable ROI activation during the emotion attribution task that required configural processing [the emotion label task]. However, these same individuals demonstrated reduced expertise and reduced right FG activation during the emotion attribution task that did not require configural processing [the emotion match task], and reduced right FG activation in a task that required them to attend to the eyes region of the face to attribute gaze direction. The findings provided evidence that individuals with ASD configurally process face percepts when necessary for the completion of the task, but use atypical face processing strategies in tasks that have greater perceptual load and do not necessitate configural processing. These findings support that task-dependant perceptual processing abnormalities in ASD are not related to reduced attention to the eyes region of the face per se; however, did not rule out that these abnormalities may relate to reduced configural processing/ attention to the whole face stimuli in individuals with ASD. The dimensional studies were undertaken to further investigate the relationship between FG responsivity and expertise in the attribution of emotion from facial expressions. These facial expressions, which were presented in a paradigm called the Dynamic Facial Expression Paradigm (DFEP), required configural processing and continuous attention to the whole face. Individuals with SCI had a similar capacity to accurately attribute emotion from non-inverted dynamic facial expressions as their brothers. Although there was no statistically significant difference in expertise between the proband and brother group, the trend toward increased response time in the non-inverted condition of the DFEP in the SCI group suggests the use of an accuracy/ response time trade-off strategy. SCI was directly correlated with right FG activation across the groups and the proband group activated significantly greater right FG activation to achieve a comparable level of performance as the brother group in the non-inverted condition of the DFEP. This finding may be related to increased configural processing and/ or the greater attentional demands inherent in attributing emotion from non-inverted dynamic facial expressions. The inverse was found in the inverted condition of the DFEP providing evidence for different perceptual processing strategies between groups when also processing inverted dynamic facial expressions. Both the categorical and dimensional studies provide evidence in support of the functional specialisation of the right FG for the configural processing of facial expressions, and atypical task-dependent perceptual processing in these high functioning individuals with SCI. Differing configural processing and attentional demands inherent in the experimental paradigms and atypical perceptual strategies offer possible explanations for atypical perceptual processing and differing right FG activation seen in these and other studies of face and facial expression processing (6-8). In the future, larger studies are required to further investigate accuracy/ speed trade-offs and determine if high functioning individuals with SCI are less expert in the attribution of emotion from facial expressions. Connectivity and fMRI studies utilising experimental designs such as parametric load analysis and incorporating eye-tracking technology are also required to further elucidate the relationship between behaviour, cognition, and neural function in individuals with SCI. Specifically, further integrated research is needed to determine the relationship between right FG activation, configural processing of facial expressions and attention to faces in individuals with SCI.
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White, Grace Angela. "Implications of relationship social comparison tendencies among dating and married individuals." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/905.
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The current study examines the construct of relationship social comparison orientation, which deals with an individual's propensity to compare his or her romantic relationship to that of others' romantic relationships on various dimensions, in both dating and married samples. The study also examines the role of relationship uncertainty and self uncertainty as an inducement or precondition to relationship comparison tendencies in both groups. 204 married individuals were recruited through The University of Iowa employee pool and 270 dating individuals were recruited to participate using the Elementary Psychology research pool. Dating and married individuals completed questionnaires related to relationship social comparison orientation, general social comparison orientation, and personality traits. A subset of married individuals' spouses also completed questionnaires to report as informants on their partners' relationship comparison tendencies, general social comparison orientation and personality.
Findings show that married individuals report higher levels of relationship and self certainty and satisfaction than dating individuals. Factor analyses of the Relationship Social Comparison Measure (RSCM; Smith LeBeau & Buckingham, 2008) and relationship comparison tendencies items produced an interpretable and replicable three factor structure, in both samples, of: 1) general relational comparisons, 2) relational comparisons with positive affect and 3) relational comparisons with negative affect. Dating individuals reported more frequent engagement in general relational comparisons and relational comparisons with negative affect. General relational comparisons and negative affect relational comparisons factor scales were significantly, negatively associated with satisfaction in both dating and married samples; in contrast, however, general social comparison orientation was unrelated to satisfaction. Findings, additionally, show significant convergence on self-reported and spouse ratings of personality, in the married sample, for Big 5 traits as well as for relational comparison tendencies and general social comparison orientation. Positive affect relational comparisons were found to have a small positive association with satisfaction, suggesting that some comparison processes are not maladaptive and may serve to bolster relationship functioning.
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Davis, Carol Louise. "Social work education as preparation for working with individuals with disabilities." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1924.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the question of whether or not graduate schools in social work have adequately prepared social workers to deal with the changing needs of individuals with disabilities.
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Brown-Hall, Earlie Simone. "Social-sexual Autonomy, Person-Centered Planning, and Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5988.
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Abstract
Sexual autonomy is the right and capacity of each individual to decide and make choices
about whom, when, and how they express themselves sexually. Individuals with
intellectual disabilities have frequently been marginalized, oppressed, and left out of
discussions about sexuality placing them at risk of abuse, unsafe sex practices, and
unplanned pregnancies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the
usefulness of person-centered planning techniques in the development of an individual
service plan that address the social-sexual needs of individuals with intellectual
disabilities. Purposeful sampling was used to select 8 participants for this study. Specific
participants were selected because they possessed personal perspectives and experiences
regarding person-centered planning techniques. Data collection included semi-structured,
open-ended questions with face-to-face interviews and document review. Code
development began with systematic organization of narrative data that was thematically
analyzed using open-coding. Findings showed the person-centered individual service
plan is a tool that can empower and promote social-sexual autonomy for individuals with
intellectual disabilities if service and support administrators initiate a conversation about
social-sexual activity. Implications for social change include increased advocacy for
sexual autonomy, greater social acceptance of relationships, inclusive sexuality
programming for individuals with intellectual disabilities and professional development
training for service and support administrators.
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Cohen, Jessye. "SOCIAL SUPPORT RECEIVED ONLINE AND OFFLINE BY INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2509.
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Life after treatment for cancer has become a primary focus for health service provider communities as the number of individuals living longer grows. The medical and psychosocial needs of cancer survivors have been prominent in the popular and scientific literature. A major focus for psychologists has been the relationships and social support networks of individuals diagnosed with cancer. The current study explored a recent phenomenon within this realm, the use of Internet resources for online support. The purpose of this study was to compare social support received online and social support received offline among people diagnosed with cancer who use the Internet for cancer-related support. Specifically, the study first compared types of support received online and offline. Based on the existing literature, the study then explored relationships between offline and online social support and other psychological variables, including positive affect, health-related quality of life, and coping. The research design was cross-sectional, and self-report data were collected from 102 participants who had been diagnosed with cancer. Participants reported a variety of reasons for using cancer-related websites and online communities and provided information regarding types, frequency, and intensity of online activities. Most hypotheses were supported for traditional social support but were not supported for online support. Consistent with hypotheses, total social support received offline was higher than support received online. Emotional support and informational support were significantly higher offline than online. As predicted, participants experienced fewer unsupportive interactions online than offline. Also consistent with the hypotheses, emotional support received from the main support person was positively associated with positive affect and health related quality of life, whereas online emotional support was only positively associated with Focus on the Positive coping. Contrary to the hypotheses, hierarchical regression equations indicated that received informational support was positively associated with avoidant coping. This study contributes to the literature as one of the first studies to explore social support received online in a systematic manner. The results have important research and clinical implications for understanding the distinct and overlapping elements of social support received online and offline by individuals with cancer. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Cage, Eilidh Alison. "Mechanisms of social influence : reputation management in typical and autistic individuals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021751/.
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Other people greatly influence behaviour – a phenomenon known as social influence. One reason people change their behaviour when others are present is to manage their reputation. Individuals with autism have social and communicative difficulties, which may result in difficulties in reputation management. This thesis aimed to examine reputation management in autistic individuals, the development of reputation management, and the cognitive mechanisms underpinning reputation management. In Chapter Two, autistic adults managed their reputation in a donation task when it was explicitly clear that they should manage it. Despite this ability, the autistic adults demonstrated a reduced propensity for reputation management, which results suggested was due to low expectations of reciprocity. In Chapters Three and Four, reputation management and potential mechanisms – theory of mind, social motivation, reciprocity, and inhibitory control – were examined in typical children aged 6 to 14. Two forms of reputation management were tested: an automatic or implicit form and a deliberate or explicit form. Implicit reputation management appeared in adolescence, while explicit reputation management occurred at 8-years-old. Theory of mind and social motivation underpinned explicit reputation management. In Chapters Five and Six, autistic children did not implicitly manage their reputation, although some were able to do so explicitly. Autistic children who were fairer and more sensitive to reciprocity were more likely to explicitly manage reputation. None of the suggested mechanisms underpinned implicit reputation management in either typical or autistic children. Finally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with autistic adolescents and school staff (Chapter Seven). Thematic analysis showed that autistic adolescents were concerned about their reputation; however, many preferred to stay true to themselves rather than appear “cool”. Overall, this thesis noted autistic individuals do have the ability to manage reputation, yet there was variation in this ability, due to a number of factors. These results suggest autistic individuals are not completely immune to social influence.
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Joffe, Risha D. "The temporal stability of social responses to depressed and nondepressed individuals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26543.
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The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the findings of previous research addressing Coyne's (1976a) interactional model of depression. The nature and temporal stability of the social responses elicited by mildly depressed and nondepressed individuals were examined. One hundred and thirty-five female undergraduate volunteers were assigned, on the basis of Beck Depression Inventory scores to groups of depressed and nondepressed targets and nondepressed subjects. At Time 1, mildly depressed targets and nondepressed targets were randomly paired with individuals from the subject group. Measures of pre-interaction mood were taken, and each target-subject dyad carried out a 5-minute videotaped "getting acquainted" conversation. Following the conversation, the subject in each dyad completed questionnaires assessing self-reported reactions to her target partner. Approximately 3 weeks later, targets returned for a second (i.e., Time 2) interaction. Depression levels were reassessed at this time and targets were divided into three groups: those who were depressed at Time 1 and remained depressed at Time 2 (n = 15), those who were nondepressed at Time 1 and remained nondepressed at Time 2 (n = 15), and those who were depressed at one time and nondepressed at the other time (n = 15). On this second occasion, targets were paired with new randomly assigned subjects; the procedures followed were identical to those at Time 1. Within- and between-times analyses were carried out on subjects' verbal and nonverbal conversational responses, as well as on their post-interaction self-reports of emotional and cognitive responses to their partners. Results were not supportive of Coyne's interactional model of depression and did not replicate the results of previous investigations. There were only minor differences in subjects' responses to groups of depressed and nondepressed targets at Time 1 and across the two testing occasions. Depressed individuals were not responded to in a more negative fashion than were nondepressed individuals in terms of observed verbal and nonverbal behaviors or self-reported reactions. Results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that social responses to mildly depressed and nondepressed target groups are essentially the same, and that these responses do not change over a 3-week interval, even though the moods of target individuals may change. The validity of laboratory investigations as tests of Coyne's interactional model is questioned, and a "developing relationships" approach to assessing interactional patterns of depressed and nondepressed individuals is proposed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Alhidari, Ibrahim. "Investigating individuals' monetary donation behaviour in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/62661/.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual model which will help to understand individuals’ monetary donations to Charitable Organisations (COs) in Saudi Arabia. Although individuals are one of the main funding sources for many COs, research in this area is limited. Most of the previous studies have been conducted in Western countries and they have principally investigated the relationship between individuals’ demographic characteristics and their monetary donation behaviour. The present study fills the gap in the literature by conducting a substantive research on Muslim donors’ behaviour. This study examines Saudi individuals’ intentions and the extent to which these intentions are related to individuals’ self-reported donation to COs. It also investigates the role of individuals’ trust in the COs, as well as their behavioural differences with regards to the level of their religiosity and demographic characteristics (e.g. income, age and gender). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to rigorously test the validity of the measurement models in order to examine the comprehensive set of hypothesised interrelationships among the variables and their comparative effects on individuals’ intentions and self-reported monetary donation to COs. The data were collected through drop off questionnaires. A survey was administered to a convenience sample of respondents and 221 completed questionnaires were received. Firstly, the empirical results show that behavioural intention to donate to COs translate over time into self-reported behaviour. Secondly, they show that attitudes toward helping others and attitudes toward giving monetary donation to COs have a significant effect on behavioural intention. Thirdly, moral responsibility and social norms have a significant impact on behavioural intention. Fourthly, perceived behavioural control has a significant impact on behavioural intentions but not on self-reported behaviour. Fifthly, trust in COs has a significant impact on both behavioural intention and self-reported behaviour. Sixthly, an individual’s perceptions of the ability, integrity, and benevolence of COs are direct antecedents of his or her trust in the COs, making trust a multi-dimensional construct. Seventhly, an individual’s trust disposition has a direct impact on his or her behavioural intention. And finally, Saudi individuals do not differ in their monetary donation behaviour on the basis of their religiosity and most of the demographic characteristics. The main theoretical implication of the study is that while the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour are useful in explaining Saudi individuals’ monetary donation behaviour to COs, extending the theory to include the combined effect of new variables and moderators increases our understating of the underlying phenomenon. An individual’s monetary donation behaviour is still a complex, elusive, yet extremely important phenomenon. The model proposed and validated in this thesis advances the theory and research on monetary donations to COs and provides a comprehensive understanding of donors’ behaviour for practitioners in charitable and not-for-profit organisations.
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Neely, Joanne Grace. "Attention shifting to social and non-social cues in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1664/.
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Donaldson, Nadine. "Visually Impaired Individuals' Perspectives on Obtaining and Maintaining Employment." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3984.
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The employment rate among people with visual impairment is very low compared to sighted individuals. Negative attitudes, stereotypes, and misconceptions are held against people with visual impairment by employers, family members, and the general public. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of 10 people with visual impairment regarding challenges in obtaining and maintaining employment. A transcendental phenomenological conceptual framework was used to guide the study. Data from semistructured interviews were coded and categorized to identify themes. Results revealed 5 essential themes, which showed to be barriers to employment. The themes are: travel difficulties, closed-minded employers, lack of support, lack of accommodations, and job search difficulties. Results also showed a high level of discouragement among individuals with visual impairment regarding interest in seeking employment. Findings may be used to promote awareness and provide insights among employers and the general public to support individuals with visual impairment in seeking and maintaining employment.
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Comptois, Tiffany, and Brianda Villa. "Social Work Students' Views and Attitudes Towards Working with Previously Incarcerated Individuals." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/688.
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Due to the lack of literature on social worker involvement with the rehabilitation of previously incarcerated individuals, this study was designed to explore social work student’s views and attitudes towards working with this population in the future. This study used a web-based quantitative survey design containing one open-ended question to survey 77 CSUSB social work students. Findings reveal that most social work students recognize previously incarcerated individuals as a vulnerable and marginalized population that is deserving of services and expect to work with this population in the future. Additionally, this study identified that having children may impact social work student’s views and attitudes towards working with previously incarcerated individuals. Common themes that emerged were dignity and worth of persons, intersectionality of this population with social work, and concerns regarding skills, training, and experience which reflected social work students’ adherence to professional social work values and ethics as set forth by the NASW. This study highlights the need of social work students to be provided with the tools necessary in making them feel equipped to work with the rehabilitation of previously incarcerated individuals. Future research identifying barriers that prevent social worker involvement with this population can generate information that can be used to develop trainings to provide further education and knowledge to promote social work student’s competency with this population.
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Galvin, Sarah Lynn. "The impact of familiarity with individuals with mental illness and sense of coherence on social distance from individuals with mental illness /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000563/02/2003FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009.Thesis advisor: Carolyn R. Fallahi. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-54). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Cameron, Alasdair. "Stigma, social comparison and self-esteem in transition age adolescent individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and individuals with Borderline Intellectual Disability." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5758/.
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Background: Young people who have intellectual disabilities (ID) or Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may experience stigma which can lead to them developing negative views about themselves. However, it has been shown that individuals with ID can mediate the impact of stigma through the comparisons they make with other people. People with ASD might have difficulty making these “social comparisons” because of their social cognitive difficulties. The current study explores whether a group of young people with ASD who do not have an ID or borderline/mild ID, recognise and report experiences of stigma similarly, whether they have similar levels of self-esteem, and whether individuals with ASD make social comparisons in a similar way to individuals with borderline/mild ID. Method: A group of young people with ASD, without learning disability, and a group with borderline/mild ID were recruited. Measures of stigma, self-esteem and social comparison were completed with participants. The social comparison measure was completed in relation to a person described as having a developmental disability and a typically developing individual. A subsample of participants in each group were asked to provide more detailed examples of the types of stigma they experienced to confirm that their reported experiences accurately reflected experiencing stigma. Results: Participants in the ASD group reported more experiences of being made fun of, whereas those in the borderline/mild ID group reported more experiences of being treated differently to their peers. The specific examples of stigma experiences were similar between the groups. Despite experiencing stigma, the self-esteem scores of both groups were positive. The social comparisons that both groups made in relation to developmentally disabled and typically developing peers were also positive. However the ASD group compared themselves significantly less positively to a typically developing peer than to a developmentally disabled peer. Conclusions: Young people with ASD were aware of facing stigma and compared themselves positively to individuals with intellectual and social difficulties, and less positively to typically developing individuals. The study demonstrates that individuals with ASD are able to understand situations and to make comparisons that appear to require a degree of social understanding. It remains uncertain whether making positive social comparisons helped participants to manage the impact of stigma, therefore this is an area that requires further investigation.
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Lundholm, Kristoffer, and Renaud Richard. "Engaging Individuals to act Strategically Towards Sustainability." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3347.
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In order to reach sustainability, all parts of the system “individuals within organisations within society within the biosphere” must change. Individuals are major leverage points, and being more efficient in engaging them to act strategically towards sustainability is and will be of critical importance. To explore how to help the engager improve this engagement process, the authors did a broad transdisciplinary literature review; structured their information in a “Five Elements Guide – Structured information to help engage individuals to act strategically towards sustainability”; and used three brief examples to illustrate how to use their results. Based upon a deeper awareness about determinants of human behaviour and about how individuals change and become engaged, the results are structured into five interdependent elements: - ‘The Fifth Element’ – Think ‘Systems’. - ‘Earth’ – Understand yourself and what you want to achieve. - ‘Water’ – Understand the other’s behaviour and the influence of context. - ‘Air’ – Understand how change happens. - ‘Fire’ – Design an approach and perform it. This structure also allows for the addition of further findings that might be helpful for engaging individuals to act strategically towards sustainability.För att nå ett hållbart samhälle måste alla delar av systemet "individer, inom organisationer, inom samhället, inom biosfären" förändras. Individen är mycket viktig i detta avseende och därför är det extremt viktigt att man blir bättre på engagera individer till att agera strategiskt för en hållbar utveckling. För att öka kunskapen om hur detta kan göras så har författarna av den här rapporten genomfört en transdisciplinär litteraturstudie, strukturerat informationen i guiden ”the Five Elements Guide” och använt tre exempel för att illustrera resultatet. Resultatets struktur är baserat på en förståelse av olika faktorer som påverkar mänskligt beteende, hur individer förändras och hur individer blir engagerade. Strukturen består av fem sammankopplade och av varandra beroende element: - ‘Det Femte Elementet’ – Tänk ‘System’. - ‘Jord’ – Förstå dig själv och vad du vill åstadkomma. - ‘Vatten’ – Förstå den andres beteende och kontextens inflytande. - ‘Luft’ – Förstå hur förändringar sker. - ‘Eld’ – Forma en plan och genomför den. Den här strukturen tillåter även att framtida upptäckter som kan vara hjälpsamma för att engagera individer att agera strategiskt för ett hållbart samhälle kan adderas till guiden.
renaud@systeme-change.fr kristoffer.lundholm@gmail.com
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Scofield, Sherri. "Perceptions of the Cognitive, Social, and Physical Competence of Speech Impaired Individuals." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/803.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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Norton, Galway Parisa. "The role of social factors in determining outcomes in individuals with psychosis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-social-factors-in-determining-outcomes-in-individuals-with-psychosis(50e08cdf-c33e-4f4e-a7f9-237e2243062c).html.
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The Association between Quality of Social Support and Symptom Severity in Individuals with Psychosis: A Systematic Review. To systematically review the research exploring the association between quality of social support and symptom severity in individuals with psychosis, a literature search was conducted on three databases (PsychINFO, Web of Science and PubMed). A narrative synthesis of twelve studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. Results of the review indicated relatively consistent findings, with greater symptom severity associated with lower quality of social support. The possible mechanisms underlying these findings are explored, including a hypothesis that social support is a protective factor that promotes resilience. The limitations of the review and clinical implications of findings are outlined with possible directions for future research suggested. Exploring Childhood Trauma and Social Capital as Predictors of Depression in Individuals with Psychosis. The exploration of depression in psychosis is essential due to the potential impact on the individual. Childhood trauma and social capital, comprised of measures of social support and neighbourhood cohesion, were explored as predictors of depression in individuals with psychosis. Using a cross-sectional design, 52 participants were recruited from mental health services in Northern Ireland. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Neighbourhood Cohesion Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Whilst childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse was predictive of depression in individuals with psychosis, the remaining subscales along with social capital were not associated with depression. These findings suggest a relationship between emotional abuse in childhood and depression in individuals with psychosis and are discussed in relation to attachment theory. Clinical implications, including the need for routine assessment of childhood trauma are highlighted along with limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research.
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Richardson, Brian T. "Social Vulnerability and Bio-Emergency Planning: Identifying and Locating At-Risk Individuals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248413/.
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In 2006, the United States Congress passed the Pandemic All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) which mandated that all emergency preparedness planning shall address at-risk populations. Further, in 2013, the reauthorization of this act, known as PAHPRA, defined at-risk individuals as "children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals who may need additional response assistance." This vague definition leaves emergency managers, planners, and public health officials with the difficult task of understanding what it means to be at-risk. Further, once identified, the geographic location of at-risk individuals must be obtained. This research first uses the concept of social vulnerability to enhance the understanding of what it means to be "at-risk." Then, by comparing two data disaggregation techniques, areal weighted interpolation and dasymetric mapping, I demonstrate how error of estimation is affected by different scenarios of population distribution and service area overlap. The results extend an existing framework of vulnerability by stratifying factors into quantifiable and subjective types. Also, dasymetric mapping was shown to be a superior technique of data disaggregation compared to areal weighted interpolation. However, the difference in error estimates is low, 5 percent or less in 72 percent of the test cases. Only through local collaboration with community entities can emergency planners access the appropriate data to both: 1) understand the nature of at-risk individuals in their service areas and 2) spatially target resources needed to ensure all individuals are planned for in case of a bio-emergency.
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Anderson, Heather Lynn. "Rural Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals' Experiences With Social Media During Adolescence." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7212.
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Suicide attempt and completion rates are significantly higher for the transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) population. TGNC adolescents experience many challenges and adversities, which are compounded when they live in rural communities. The lived experiences of rural TGNC adolescents with social media were unknown and created a gap in the research. This study was grounded in transgender, gender minority stress, and resiliency theories, along with the conceptual frameworks of rural communities and grit. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological qualitative research study was to explore the lived experiences of rural TGNC individuals (18-24-year-olds) with social media during adolescence. Data was collected through a brief online survey and face-to-face interviews with 9 participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis included clustering of themes into textual and structural descriptions, as described by Giorgi. Results explored the lived experience and the essence of social media for rural TGNC adolescents. Rural TGNC adolescents reported emotional awareness and insight with both positive and negative aspects of social media, along with frustration and isolation. These results and implications may inform mental health professionals and providers about the social media experiences of rural TGNC adolescents, including how to incorporate these findings, better serve the rural TGNC population, and increase grit. These findings were also a voice for a hidden population of TGNC individuals living in rural communities during adolescence.
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Anderson, Chelsi. "Using Kidpower® Social Narratives to Teach Individuals with Autism about Bullying." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752405/.
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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk to be victims of bullying due to the core characteristics of the disorder. Prior research has focused on understanding bullying from the perspectives of individuals with ASD, parents, and practitioners through interviews and questionnaires. However, limited evidence exists using interventions to teach individuals with ASD about how to identify and respond to bullying. This study employed Kidpower® bullying narratives to teach individuals with ASD how to identify and respond to various bullying scenarios. Kidpower was selected to provide practitioners with a pre-established curriculum to utilize, rather than creating materials for each student. A multiple probe design across three participants was utilized to (a) teach individuals with ASD how to identify and respond to bullying drawings on Kidpower narratives, and (b) add an experimental study to the limited literature base pertaining to strategies for teaching about bullying to individuals with ASD. A fourth participant was also included as a case study. Progress for all participants was measured using the percentage of correct responses to 10 questions. Three out of four participants reached the mastery criterion of 90% over two consecutive sessions. Sessions for the fourth participant concluded after seven intervention sessions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many modifications were made to the original study design including changing the wording of the dependent variable and using more simple stories. No modifications were made to the actual stories. This study indicates the Kidpower narratives are helpful in teaching individuals with ASD who also meet certain criteria based on verbal comprehension. However, additional information is necessary in order to assess understanding of bullying.
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Nicolette, Myrna K. (Myrna Kay). "Anger Reduction in Closed Head Injured Individuals with Group Social Skills Training." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331164/.
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In the present study, an anger management treatment program was compared to a pseudo-social skills training program (self-help group) and waiting list control group to determine its effectiveness in reducing irritable/angry behavior in head injured subjects. Subjects consisted of 28 adults with previous head injury trauma who had difficulty with excessive irritability and anger. Subjects averaged 35.4 years of age and had an average of 8.9 years post head injury. Treatment consisted of 10 group sessions over a five week period. Anger management training was designed to teach subjects self management skills aimed at reducing the frequency of angry acting out behavior. Training methods included role playing, relaxation training, assertiveness training and cognitive restructuring. The pseudo-social skills training group was a self-help group designed to encourage discussion of irritability problems without teaching specific coping techniques. To assure some degree of homogeneity in cognitive abilities among subjects, minimum eligibility scores were required on five subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Dependent measures were pre and posttreatment scores obtained from five categories of the Katz Adjustment Scale - Relative form: belligerence, negativity, general psychopathology, social obstreperousness, and social role functioning. In addition, pre and posttreatment recordings of observed angry/irritable behavior in the subjects were obtained from a significant other. Results failed to reveal statistically significant differences on the dependent measures between the three study groups. In addition, analysis failed to reveal any significant variables that predicted outcome. It is evident that much more organized research is needed to further investigate the possibilities of treatment for various problems encountered by those with head injuries.
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Lindahl, Christina. "Judgments of Social Dimensions of Faces in Individuals with High-Functioning Autism." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144370.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate if individuals with high-functioning autism differ from typically developing (TD) individuals in judgments of social dimensions from faces. Thirty-two individuals with high functioning autism and sixty-seven TD individuals rated 196 synthetic faces representing 7 social dimensions. Overall, both groups performed similarly on the judgment tasks. However, some group differences emerged for ratings of Competence and Likeability in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) group. Furthermore, alexithymia, or emotion-blindness, was found to be a possible indicator of ability to judge social dimensions in the ASD group. Implications of present results in relation to prior and future research on social interaction on the autism spectrum are discussed.
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Eng, Theary C. "Aging developmentally disabled individuals and their caregiver needs| A curriculum." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1587894.
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The growing trend for housing individuals who are developmentally disabled has been focused on community based housing; giving them an opportunity to live a less restricted lifestyle. With this shift of care, families who take on caregiving roles deal with insurmountable issues because of limited support and lack of services. Caregivers are faced with challenges such as impulsive behaviors, daily caregiving duties, and concerns about the future. These in turn take a toll on their physical and mental health. The purpose of this project was to develop a curriculum for current and future family caregivers; with the aim of helping them to empower themselves and care recipients, to ultimately reduce barriers of communication within families, to address caregiving concerns, and to provide peer support throughout the curriculum. This curriculum includes three modules that educate caregivers about planning for the future, legal concerns, and community resources.
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Gahr, Jessica L. "Risky Decision-making among Subgroups of Socially Anxious Individuals." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1352949163.
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Blawn, Janet L. "Preparing individuals with mental illnesses for disasters| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527678.
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Natural disasters and catastrophic events have devastated hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide. While governmental and disaster relief agencies attempt to respond as quickly as possible, individuals can be cut off from resources and services for extended periods, increasing stress and health complications. Individuals with mental illnesses are even more vulnerable in the aftermath of a disaster when they are cut off from vital medications and therapeutic services. Disaster preparedness promotes resilience and empowers individuals to take personal responsibility for their safety. The purpose of this project was to identify potential funding sources and write a grant proposal that funds the development and implementation of disaster preparedness classes for individuals living in the community with mental illnesses. Actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.
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Harmon, Rebekah Brittany. "The Beliefs of Self-esteem among Biracial Individuals." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/333.
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With the increase in interracial marriage researchers have begun to thoroughly assess how self-esteem and racial identity are affected. Recent studies have revealed that the construct of biracial identity is complex in forming a sense of self and racial identity. This inability to identify with a specific race is not only an issue to our entire population but especially to the biracial community. The social work profession has an array fields and services that become flexible to diverse populations; yet, the biracial population has not be explored in depth which may result in not fully understanding the dynamics of the culture that play into the individual.
This study utilized a qualitative analysis consisting of interviews with nine participants who shared their experiences of self-esteem as being a biracial individual.
The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of self-esteem among biracial individuals. Biracial in this current study refers to an individual being biologically mixed with two different races, yet one biological parent is African American. Biracial females, not to exclude biracial males, are dealing with a complex issue because they are placed in a predicament of trying to parallel their identity from Western culture. The findings of the study will increase the awareness and cultural humility within a new growing population, impact future social work policy, practice, and research.
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McClean, Stuart David. ""We're all individuals" : postmodernity and alternative health practices in Northern England." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5590.
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This thesis explores the use and practice of crystal and spiritual healing - therapies located on the fringe of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) - and what these 'represent' in the context of a profound socio-cultural transformation, characterised by the shift in Western societies from modernity to postmodernity. I explore this theme in relation to the empirical example of a healing centre in the North of England. The methodological stance I took was that of ethnography; data was largely gathered using participant observation. A central theme is that healing practice and ideas which emerge at the Centre reflect individual concerns and therefore healing practices themselves are often highly personalised. In addition, I explore how, from a Centre that celebrates highly personalised practices, healing knowledge becomes institutionalised and consensuses emerge. Furthermore, I explain that the Centre collectively sanctions this personal expression. This tension between individual expression and the formalisation of group practice is, I argue, indicative of our times. Therefore. what emerges from this study is that the Centre fosters an ethos of the individual, but it is a collective ethos. In addition, crystal and spiritual healing usage and practice reflects levels of dissatisfaction with biomedicine. the medicine of modernity. Though challenged by these healing practices, biomedicine has not been significantly weakened by this emergence. Even within the more esoteric healing practices, I point to the continuing influence of materiality, science and biomedicine. The appropriation of biomedicine can be witnessed in the Centre's attempts to professionalise and systematise practices, but it can also be seen in less obvious ways, in that healers seemingly infuse their practice with some of the language and science of biomedicine. This throws into question the conventional biomedicine/alternative medicine interface and offers some insight both into the common metaphorical basis of healing and medicine. and biomedicine's continued hegemony.
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Maposa, Diana R. "An exploratory study of the employment prospects of Deaf individuals in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32521.
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The purpose of this research was to explore the employment prospects for Deaf individuals in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is known to have one of the highest numbers of educated people in Africa. However, this does not include the deaf people who are often informally employed because of the poor quality of education afforded to them. The research explored the employment prospects for Deaf individuals using a quality research design to understand their experiences in this context. Twenty participants were purposefully selected in two cities, namely Bulawayo and Gweru. They had completed their secondary level of education and sat for the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) ordinary level exams which are Zimbabwe's national exams, while others sat for Higher Education Examination Council (HEXCO). The findings revealed limitations and inconsistencies in the education process, which restricted their progress for further studies as well as future employment prospects. These limitations include that Deaf learners are required to write exams that are separate from other hearing learners in terms of content. Educators do not take into consideration the Deaf leaners' limited comprehension of the English language. There is a lack of knowledge of sign language by educators and limited exposure to training to get the knowledge. These factors affected their work prospects as they were more likely to end up working in the informal sector, where they also faced oppression and exclusion based on their unique mode of communication. They also experienced the latter when accessing public services like hospitals. The challenges they face leave them disempowered, excluded and incapable of personal and social development. The research offers knowledge on issues that need to be addressed in order to foster empowerment amongst the deaf individuals as social development is for the Deaf too.
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Jauregui, Jacqueline. "Psychoeducation for Latino caregivers of individuals with mental illness| A curriculum." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264415.
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The purpose of this psychoeducational curriculum is for Latino caregivers to enhance their awareness in the Mental Health field, as advocate for their family members. Educating caregivers on how to access services, and overcome stigma, language barriers, and cultural insensitivity also to enhance quality services. The curriculum specifically addresses outreach. The curriculum will expand caregivers? understanding the symptoms of mental illness including diagnosis, and the importance of self-care to prevent burnout. It will include activities that will promote group discussions, and concepts for learning enhancement. Additionally, handouts will be provided with resources for support services for caregivers. A facilitators? guide is also included to assist with the implementation of the curriculum.
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Benavides, Ida. "Stress Among Caregivers of Individuals with Special Needs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/864.
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This research study focuses on gathering data on stress among caregivers caring for an individual with special needs. The participants selected were from three agencies in Southern California. Once the participants were selected, an interview was conducted using an audio recording device to gather and analyze the data collected. The researcher dictated the responses provided during the interview if the participants did not wish to be recorded. All participants received a $5 Starbucks gift card for their participation. This study was conducted to inform clinicians and any reader on the daily struggles and challenges caregivers face by caring for individuals with a disability. This study had a sample size of eight participants. Themes that were used were service utilization, social support systems, mental and physical health and self-care. Social workers working with individuals who care for individuals with special needs should be knowledgeable in coping strategies.
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Schnebelt, Bryan A. "Art Therapy Considerations with Transgender Individuals." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/154.
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This qualitative research study examines the use of art therapy as a treatment modality with transgender individuals, as well as provides a brief background into transgender identity, in order to recognize considerations for enhanced care of this population. A semi-structured interview approach was applied with art therapists who have utilized art therapy with transgender clients. This study focuses on areas of identity development, aspects of trauma and transphobia and their effects, treatment approaches, and cultural components to working with transgender individuals. Through this research, a recognition of transgender identity as its own cultural entity was found to be important in providing increased awareness and visibility of transgender treatment concerns.
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Conner, Dianna Holden. "Social skills training for individuals with schizophrenia: Evaluation of treatment outcome and acquisition of social and cognitive skills." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4713/.
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Social and cognitive skill acquisition were evaluated in 33 (male=24, female=11) outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A social skills training treatment group (n=19) was compared to a wait-list control (n=14). Participants' mean age was 41 years, mean number of hospitalizations 10.4, and mean number of years with diagnosis 15.8. Assessment measures included WAIS-III Picture Arrangement subtest, Social Cue Recognition Test, COGLAB, WMS-III Word List subtest, and SADS-C. Results did not support the main hypotheses of improved social and cognitive skills in the treatment group. Participants with better memory and attention at pre-testing also did not show an advantage in social skills improvement. Contrary to hypotheses, the control group improved the most on some social and cognitive measures. Several supplemental hypotheses yielded the following results: lack of volunteer participation from paranoid schizophrenia individuals; evidence that schizoaffective disorder participants may be less cognitively impaired and better able to benefit from social skills training; and younger, less chronic participants with better attentional capacities may benefit most from social skills training. Findings are discussed in light of the possibility that improving social skills might not improve social and cognitive functioning, at least with the dosage of social skills training provided in this study. Limitations such as a sampling bias and small study size are also considered as possible explanations for the pattern of findings. Clinical and research implications are discussed to apply and extend the current findings.
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Edwards, Shannan M. "The Relation between Homework Compliance and Treatment Outcome for Individuals with Social Phobia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/81.
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Homework compliance has been identified as a robust predictor of treatment outcome for depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety disorders, including social phobia. The current study tested the following hypotheses: (1) homework compliance is positively related to ratings of global improvement, (2) homework compliance is negatively related to symptom reduction, (3) the relation between homework compliance and treatment outcome varies according to the nature of the homework exercise, and (4) expectancy is positively related to early homework compliance, in a clinical sample of individuals with social phobia. Results provided limited support for the relation between compliance and ratings of improvement, but did not support a negative relation between compliance and symptom reduction. Further, the results provided limited support for the hypothesis that compliance with exposure versus non-exposure homework would differ significantly in terms of their relation to treatment outcome, but did not support the relation between compliance and expectancy.