Academic literature on the topic 'Social inequality. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Social inequality. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
Elenbaas, Laura, Michael T. Rizzo, and Melanie Killen. "A Developmental-Science Perspective on Social Inequality." Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, no. 6 (November 18, 2020): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420964147.
Full textAbstract:
Many people believe in equality of opportunity but overlook and minimize the structural factors that shape social inequalities in the United States and around the world, such as systematic exclusion (e.g., educational, occupational) based on group membership (e.g., gender, race, socioeconomic status). As a result, social inequalities persist and place marginalized social groups at elevated risk for negative emotional, learning, and health outcomes. Where do the beliefs and behaviors that underlie social inequalities originate? Recent evidence from developmental science indicates that an awareness of social inequalities begins in childhood and that children seek to explain the underlying causes of the disparities that they observe and experience. Moreover, children and adolescents show early capacities for understanding and rectifying inequalities when regulating access to resources in peer contexts. Drawing on a social reasoning developmental framework, we synthesize what is currently known about children’s and adolescents’ awareness, beliefs, and behavior concerning social inequalities and highlight promising avenues by which developmental science can help reduce harmful assumptions and foster a more just society.
2
Fatke, Matthias. "Inequality Perceptions, Preferences Conducive to Redistribution, and the Conditioning Role of Social Position." Societies 8, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8040099.
Full textAbstract:
Inequality poses one of the biggest challenges of our time. It is not self-correcting in the sense that citizens demand more redistributive measures in light of rising inequality, which recent studies suggest may be due to the fact that citizens’ perceptions of inequality diverge from objective levels. Moreover, it is not the latter, but the former, which are related to preferences conducive to redistribution. However, the nascent literature on inequality perceptions has, so far, not accounted for the role of subjective position in society. The paper advances the argument that the relationship between inequality perceptions and preferences towards redistribution is conditional on the subjective position of respondents. To that end, I analyze comprehensive survey data on inequality perceptions from the social inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (1992, 1999, and 2009). Results show that inequality perceptions are associated with preferences conducive to redistribution particularly among those perceive to be at the top of the social ladder. Gaining a better understanding of inequality perceptions contributes to comprehending the absence self-correcting inequality.
3
Brown, Riana M., and Maureen A. Craig. "Intergroup Inequality Heightens Reports of Discrimination Along Alternative Identity Dimensions." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 869–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219880186.
Full textAbstract:
How do members of societally valued (dominant) groups respond when considering inequality? Prior research suggests that salient inequality may be viewed as a threat to dominant-group members’ self and collective moral character. However, people possess multiple social identities and may be advantaged in one domain (e.g., White) while concurrently disadvantaged in another domain (e.g., sexual minority). The present research tests whether individuals may reduce the moral-image threat of being societally advantaged in one domain by highlighting discrimination they face in other domains. Four experiments with individuals advantaged along different dimensions of inequality (race, social class, sexuality) reveal that making such inequality salient evokes greater perceived discrimination faced by oneself and one’s ingroups along other identity dimensions.
4
Balmer, Randall. "“An End to Unjust Inequality in the World”." Church History and Religious Culture 94, no. 4 (2014): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09404002.
Full textAbstract:
Since the emergence of the Religious Right in the late 1970s, American evangelicalism has commonly been associated with conservative politics. An examination of nineteenth-century evangelicalism, however, suggests a different affinity. Antebellum evangelicals marched in the vanguard of social change with an agenda that almost invariably advocated for those on the margins of society, including women and African Americans. Evangelicals were involved in peace crusades and the temperance movement, a response to social ills associated with rampant alcohol consumption in the early republic. They advocated equal rights for women, including voting rights. Evangelicals in the North crusaded against slavery. Although Horace Mann, a Unitarian from Massachusetts, is the person most often associated with the rise of common schools, Protestants of a more evangelical stripe were early advocates of public education, including leaders in Ohio, Michigan, and Kentucky. Some evangelicals, including Charles Grandison Finney, even excoriated capitalism as inconsistent with Christian principles.
5
Warren, John Robert. "Does Growing Childhood Socioeconomic Inequality Mean Future Inequality in Adult Health?" ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 663, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 292–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215596981.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past half century, American children have experienced increasingly unequal childhoods. The goal of this article is to begin to understand the implications of recent trends in social and economic inequalities among children for the future of inequalities in health among adults. The relative importance of many of the causal pathways linking childhood social and economic circumstances to adult health remains underexplored, and we know even less about how these causal pathways have changed over time. I combine a series of original analyses with reviews of relevant literature in a number of fields to inform a discussion of what growing childhood inequalities might mean for future inequalities in adult health. In the end, I argue that there is good reason to suppose that growing inequalities in children’s social and economic circumstances will lead to greater heterogeneity in adults’ morbidity and mortality.
6
Sorando, Daniel, Pedro Uceda, and Marta Domínguez. "Inequality on the Increase: Trajectories of Privilege and Inequality in Madrid." Social Inclusion 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3845.
Full textAbstract:
In Spain, housing is one of the main axes of social inequality. Its position within Spain’s economic model and welfare system is key to understanding why its financialization at the beginning of the 21st century had such different consequences among residents as well as territorially. In this context, from 2001 to 2011, Madrid became one of the most segregated metropolitan areas in Europe. This article delves into how both housing and its location organise inequality in different social spheres and reproduce it over time. To this end, the geography of this inequality is analysed in different social residential trajectories, along with how segregation produces its own dynamics of inequality. The analysis is based on census data and applies a combination of factor and cluster analyses. The results reveal important processes of social residential marginalisation articulated by the interaction between high international immigration and the spatial manifestation of the housing bubble. The main socio-spatial result of this process is the disappearance of mixed social spaces in Madrid, previously located in the centre of the city. This dynamic produces opposite territories in terms of advantage and disadvantage in different spheres linked to social inequality such as education, health, leisure, care and even prejudice. In the process, impoverished immigrants disperse towards the neighbourhoods that concentrate the greatest disadvantages in each of these spheres.
7
Delhey, Jan, and Leonie C. Steckermeier. "Social Ills in Rich Countries: New Evidence on Levels, Causes, and Mediators." Social Indicators Research 149, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 87–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02244-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe income inequality hypothesis claims that in rich societies inequality causes a range of health and social problems (henceforth: social ills), e.g. because economic inequality induces feelings of status anxiety and corrodes social cohesion. This paper provides an encompassing test of the income inequality hypothesis by exploring levels and breeding conditions of social ills in 40 affluent countries worldwide, as well as pathways for a subsample of wealthy European countries. Our aggregate-level research is based on a revised and updated Index of Social Ills inspired by Wilkinson and Pickett’s book The Spirit Level, which we compile for both more countries (40) and more years (2000–2015) and combine with survey information about experienced quality-of-life as potential mediators. We get three major results: First, cross-sectionally income inequality is indeed strongly and consistently related to social ills, but so is economic prosperity. Second, while longitudinally changes in inequality do not result in changing levels of social ills, rising prosperity effectively reduces the amount of social ills, at least in Europe. Finally, whereas the cross-sectional analysis indicates that aspects of social cohesion most consistently mediate between economic conditions and social ills, the longitudinal mediation analyses could not ultimately clarify through which pathway rising prosperity reduces social ills. Overall we conclude that the income inequality hypothesis is, at best, too narrow to fully understand health and social problems in rich countries.
8
Singh, Mudit Kumar, and Jaemin Lee. "Social inequality and access to social capital in microfinance interventions." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 7/8 (April 2, 2020): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2020-0024.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the inequality perpetuated through social categories in accessing the social capital generated through the microfinance interventions in India as the country has pronounced economic inequality by social categories like many developing stratified societies.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses survey data collected from 75 villages in rural India and tests whether the formation and maximization of social capital through self-help groups (SHGs) is dominated by social categories, e.g. high-caste groups, males and superior occupation classes. Using logistic regression framework, the study assesses the formation and maximization of social capital through multiple SHG membership.FindingsThe paper finds that the microfinance approach of empowering weaker sections is considerably limited in its success, in the sense that it provides them with the opportunity to the credit access and support through SHGs. But, the empirical model further indicates that social capital in form of these SHGs may fall prey to the dominant social categories, and thus, these institutions may potentially enhance inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is derived from the secondary data set, so it is unable to comment field reality qualitatively.Practical implicationsMicrofinance policy makers will have an improved understanding of inherent social inequalities while implementing group-based programs in socially stratified societies.Originality/valueSocial capital, if treated as an outcome accumulated in form of groups, provides with an important framework to assess the unequal access through the microfinance interventions. Overlooking the inherent unequal access will deceive the purpose of social justice in the group-based interventions. The microfinance and other welfare policies engaged in group formation and generating the social capital need to be more sensitive to the disadvantageous sections while focusing on multiple group access by disadvantaged social groups.
9
Connor, Walter D., and David Lane. "The End of Social Inequality? Class, Status and Power under State Socialism." Russian Review 45, no. 4 (October 1986): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130496.
Full text
10
Kristensen, Jytte, and Jørgen Elm Larsen. "Fattigdom, social eksklusion og boligforhold." Dansk Sociologi 18, no. 4 (November 3, 2007): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v18i4.2305.
Full textAbstract:
Formålet med artiklen er primært at belyse, hvordan boligforholdene for fattige og socialt ekskluderede i Danmark har udviklet sig i perioden fra 1976 til 2000. Artiklen viser, at boligforholdene udgør en helt afgørende markør på socioøkonomiske uligheder i det danske samfund. Dem, der er fattige, socialt ekskluderede og som har et dårligt helbred, har langt ringere boligforhold end andre, og der er en klar intersektionalitet mellem forskellige, sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Artiklen viser endvidere, at der er en klar skillelinje mellem ejere og lejere i forhold til disse sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Lejere har for det første ringere boligforhold end ejere, og for det andet er de økonomiske uligheder mellem ejere og lejere øget markant inden for de seneste år på grund af stigende uligheder i indkomster og formuer. Artiklen giver således som noget nyt i dansk socialforskning et samlet overblik over økonomiske, sociale og boligstandardmæssige uligheder mellem dels ejere og lejere og dels mellem fattige og socialt ekskluderede og resten af befolkningen.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Jytte Kristensen & Jørgen Elm Larsen: Poverty, Social Exclusion and Housing Conditions
The purpose of this article is to examine how housing conditions for poor and socially excluded people in Denmark have developed between 1976 and 2000. The article shows that housing conditions are a decisive marker of socio-economic inequalities in Danish society. People who are poor, socially excluded, and have poor health have poorer housing conditions than others. There is a clear intersectionality between the different vulnerable socio-economic positions. The analysis indicates that there is an unmistakable dividing line between owners and tenants as regards these vulnerable socio-economic positions. Firstly tenants have poorer housing conditions than owners, and secondly the economic inequalities between owners and tenants have increased in recent years primarily due to increasing inequalities in income and wealth. The article contributes to existing scientific knowledge about housing and inequality by drawing together both existing and new evidence about the economic, social and housing inequalities between owners and tenants and between poor and social excluded people and the rest of the population.
Key words: Housing conditions, poverty, social exclusion, health conditions, inequality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
Belani, Márcio Roberto Laras. "Plínio Marcos e a marginalidade urbana paulista : história e teatro (1958-1979) /." Assis : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93443.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Zélia Lopes da SilvaBanca: David Ferreira De Paula
Banca: Tania Regina de Luca
Resumo: Concentrando-se na dramaturgia de Plínio Marcos num entrecruzamento com outras fontes documentais, este trabalho analisa a questão da marginalidade urbana paulista no período de 1958 a 1979. Buscando promover uma interação entre o conteúdo e a produção dessas peças teatrais em convergência com as vivências deste autor, buscou-se a percepção e o exame analítico das diversas representações produzidas por este dramaturgo sobre este segmento social no período delimitado, num trânsito contínuo entre o real e o ficcional, fazendo emergir uma diversidade de significações sobre os indivíduos desse universo e a época no qual se inscrevem no quadro de transformações históricas desse recorte cronológico. Ao abordarmos os diversos aspectos desse submundo marginal enunciado pelas diversas fontes utilizadas, nos deparamos com uma imagem singular construída a respeito desses marginalizados, observados sob um novo prisma, revelando as dimensões recônditas desse universo relegado às margens e pouco compreendido pela sociedade em geral. Nesta empreitada, procuramos perceber e discutir o conjunto de práticas culturais, valores morais e costumes diversos arraigados nesses meios, bem como seus códigos de sociabilidade postos em funcionamento no interrelacionamento entre iguais enquanto marginais, e no contato com indivíduos e instituições localizados fora desse circuito cultural, econômico e ecológico da marginalidade. Perpassando a totalidade desse estudo, encontra-se o enquadramento desses excluídos numa determinada época, com características peculiares que tendem a se esmaecer no processo de metamorfose que sofrem esses indivíduos em consonância com as transformações do período, principalmente na década de 1970, quando é possível captar as rupturas de uma época para outra.
Abstract: Through Plínio Marcos' drama theater in an intercrossing with other documental sources, this paper analyzes the subject of São Paulo urban marginality in the period from 1958 to 1979. Trying to promote an interaction between the content and the production of those plays in convergence with the living of this author, it was seeker the perception and the analytic exam of the several representations produced by this play writer on this social segment in the delimited period, in a continuous traffic between the real and the fictional, making a diversity of significances to emerge about the individuals of that universe and the time in which enroll in the picture of historical transformations of that chronological cutting. To approach the several aspects of that marginal under world enunciated by the varied used sources, we came across a singular image built to respect those marginalized, observed under a new prism, revealing the hidden dimensions of that universe relegated to the margins and little understood in general by the society. In that task, we tried to notice and to discuss the group of cultural practices, moral values and ingrained several habits in those means, as well as your put sociability codes in operation in the interrelationship among same while emarginated, and in the contact with individuals and institutions located out of that circuit, economical and ecological circuit of the marginality. Over passing the totality of that study, is the framing of those excluded in a certain time, with peculiar characteristics that tend to turn pale in the metamorphosis process that those individuals suffer in consonance with the transformations of the period, in the decade of 1970, when it is possible to capture the ruptures of a time for another.
Mestre
2
Zhang, Min. "Social mobility over three generations in Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-mobility-over-three-generations-in-britain(3a1a3b67-3074-44e1-ba6d-001f54d32d32).html.
Full textAbstract:
Social mobility has been extensively documented based on two-generational associations. Whereas a few studies suggest that the approach related to social inequalities should be open to multigenerational associations, the topic of social mobility over multiple generations is still at its blooming stage. Very little is known about multigenerational effects on education in Britain and about empirical evidence of the mechanisms that underlie multigenerational effects. Drawing on the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Longitudinal Household Study, this thesis examines social mobility over three generations in Britain. The central aims of the thesis are to explore direct grandparental effects on grandchildren's educational and class attainments independent of parental influences. In particular, it focuses on mechanisms through which grandparental effects operate. The thesis finds that grandparental class is significantly associated with grandchildren's educational achievement, despite parental class, parental education, and parental wealth being taken into account. Regarding the mechanisms, the evidence suggests first that the impacts of grandparental class on education remain even though grandparents have passed away at the time of the survey, and second that the impacts disappear only when grandparents have only infrequent contact with the family. Furthermore, I find that grandparental effects are significantly stronger on grandchildren originating from advantaged parents than on those from disadvantaged parents, indicating the strong persistence of inequalities at the top of social stratification. The research also highlights significant, albeit modest, effects of grandparental class on grandchildren's class attainment over and above parental influences. For grandsons, maternal grandparental class still matters even after grandsons' education has been controlled for. In particular, self-employed grandparents have a strong impact on grandsons' likelihood of engagement in self-employment, a pattern that holds true even when parents are not self-employed. For granddaughters, neither paternal nor maternal grandparental class is found to have a direct substantial impact on granddaughters' class after granddaughters' education has been controlled for. The thesis suggests that the conventional social mobility approach based on parentchild associations may overestimate the effects of parental characteristics and underestimate the effects of family origins. Family advantages run deep; they are maintained over generations in Britain.
3
Bourne, Mary Joan Ryan. "Social-class inequality in educational attainment and participation in England." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/socialclass-inequality-in-educational-attainment-and-participation-in-england(089d81d7-88c3-474a-b73f-1d00432fbd6e).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines social-class inequalities in educational attainment. The central aims of the thesis are to assess the applicability of Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory and Goldthorpe’s rational choice theory. Drawing on the Millennium Cohort Study and the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, the thesis conducts rigorous analyses on class differences in educational attainment (termed ‘primary effects’) and in educational decision making, controlling for previous attainment (termed ‘secondary effects’). The analyses find support for Bourdieu’s notion that cultural competence and particular class-characterised dispositions can generate educational advantage. For young children, however, these are not found to mediate the link between class and cognitive performance substantially, and are unable to account for the growing divergences that occur in the first few years of compulsory schooling. For older children, these are shown to be the main mechanism through which those from advantaged homes realise educational success. The thesis also examines trends in continuation in post-compulsory academic study and evaluates the usefulness of rational action theory for understanding the secondary effects of social class. Choice-based differences are shown to be of little importance for understanding the further disadvantage some pupils face once attainment has been controlled for. However, this finding is subject to the important caveat that the secondary effects of social class differ for white and non-white pupils. The thesis considers the implications of this finding for the Breen–Goldthorpe (1997) model of educational decision making and suggests the important assumption of relative risk aversion may not be appropriate for non-white groups. A range of statistical methods are used in this thesis, including some advanced techniques such as multilevel growth curve modelling. The thesis also makes a series of methodological recommendations for future studies. Finally, the analyses in this thesis show the overriding importance of parents’ education for children’s cognitive and educational attainment. This is demonstrably the most influential way in which social origin perpetuates differences between the advantaged and disadvantaged, at all stages of pupils’ educational careers. This thesis contributes to existing knowledge in this field in the theoretical, substantive and methodological domains.
Books on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
1911-, Mensh Harry, ed. The IQ mythology: Class, race, gender, and inequality. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991.
Find full text
2
Nekrasov, Stanislav. Social dialectics of prehistory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1078147.
Full textAbstract:
The author of the monograph, written on the original material, restores the classical scientific social philosophy, which allows the means of dialectical methodology and materialism in sociology to predict the end of the prehistory of antagonistic epochs and the beginning of the true history of a single humanity.
The new industrialization at the moment of transition from prehistory to history creates civilizational neo-industrialism as a dialectical synthesis of traditional civilization and progressive formation in the form of new socialism. The global project of neo-industrialism civilizes humanity — saves it from barbarism, wars, social inequality, and the destruction of nature. In historical Russia, civilizing development is realized at the expense of new industrialization and the solution of general democratic tasks with the transition to post-capitalist tasks.
Conceptually, civilizational neo-industrialism acts as the fifth world theory, which makes it possible to understand the future of the dialectic of new social forces in the transition from prehistory to history.
It is of interest to postgraduates, researchers and a wide range of readers in order to determine the worldview position, clarify the philosophical base of science and search for scientists, understand the dialectics of social existence and social consciousness.
3
Inequality by design: Cracking the bell curve myth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Find full text
4
Income Inequality, Social Inclusion and Mobility. OECD, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/g2g7ae77-en.
Full text
5
Hurtado, Aída. Intersectional Understandings of Inequality. Edited by Phillip L. Hammack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199938735.013.12.
Full textAbstract:
To address the increase in social and economic inequalities requires complex paradigms that take into account multiple sources of oppression. This chapter proposes the concept of intersectionality elaborated through social identity theory and borderlands theory as a potential avenue for research and policy to speak to and solve multiple sources of disadvantage. The multiple sources of inequality produce intersectional identities as embodied in the social identities constituted by the master statuses of sexuality, gender, class, race, ethnicity, and physical ableness. By applying intersectionality to inequality one can examine both intersections of disadvantage (e.g., being poor and of Color) or intersections of both of disadvantage and privilege (e.g., being male and of Color). Intersectionality also permits the study of privilege when advantaged social identities are problematized. I conclude with reviewing the possible ways of empirically studying intersectionality and the advantages in applying it to the understanding of social and economic inequalities.
7
Abramson, Corey M. The End Game: How Inequality Shapes Our Final Years. Harvard University Press, 2017.
Find full text
8
High Stakes Education: Inequality, Globalization, and Urban School Reform (Critical Social Thought). RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.
Find full text
9
High Stakes Education: Inequality, Globalization, and Urban School Reform (Critical Social Thought). RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.
Find full text
10
Ethnic Stratification and Economic Inequality Around the World: The End of Exploitation and Exclusion? Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
Britwum, Akua O., and Ben Scully. "Social reproduction at end moments." In Inequality Studies from the Global South, 184–202. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge inequality studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429282447-14.
Full text
2
Lander, Edgardo. "The End of Liberal Democracy : Inequality in Post-democratic Capitalist Societies." In Sociology and Social Justice, 34–47. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529714500.n3.
Full text
3
Martínez García, José Saturnino, Eriikka Oinonen, Rafael Merino, and Graziela Perosa. "Education and Inequality in Finland, Spain and Brazil." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 105–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFinland, Spain and Brazil are three very internally complex and heterogeneous realities, with contradictions and permanent reforms to their education systems. In a first quantitative approach each country can be placed in a continuum of the education system that goes from most successful in terms of reaching a high level of education all across the population, in conditions of equity and facilitating youths’ incorporation into the labour market, to least successful, with Finland and Brazil occupying either end of the spectrum respectively and Spain occupying an intermediate situation. Although there are differences, they share certain tensions in their respective education systems. On the one hand, about the conception of education, ranging from more utilitarian, human capital theories, to the more humanist and civic-minded perspective. On the other hand, the challenge of comprehensiveness between an academic and a vocational path. In addition, there is also the challenge of improving the education level of the population while also improving equality. The tensions differ from country to country, since their education traditions and cooperation and conflict strategies between the education agents, with varying levels of resources and different alliances with political actors vary, as does the social consensus.
4
Ballard, Richard, and Christian Hamann. "Income Inequality and Socio-economic Segregation in the City of Johannesburg." In The Urban Book Series, 91–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter analyses income inequality and socio-economic segregation in South Africa’s most populous city, Johannesburg. The end of apartheid’s segregation in 1991 has been followed by both continuity and change of urban spatial patterns. There is a considerable literature on the transformation of inner-city areas from white to black, and of the steady diffusion of black middle-class residents into once ‘white’ suburbs. There has been less analysis on the nature and pace of socio-economic mixing. Four key findings from this chapter are as follows. First, dissimilarity indices show that bottom occupation categories and the unemployed are highly segregated from top occupation categories, but that the degree of segregation has decreased slightly between the censuses of 2001 and 2011. Second, the data quantifies the way in which Johannesburg’s large population of unemployed people are more segregated from top occupations than any of the other employment categories, although unemployed people are less segregated from bottom occupations. Third, over the same period, residents employed in bottom occupations are less likely to be represented in affluent former white suburbs. This seemingly paradoxical finding is likely to have resulted from fewer affluent households accommodating their domestic workers on their properties. Fourth, although most post-apartheid public housing projects have not disrupted patterns of socio-economic segregation, some important exceptions do show the enormous capacity of public housing to transform the spatial structure of the city.
5
"Wage inequality." In Social Panorama of Latin America, 97–108. UN, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/dd0a0c4b-en.
Full text
6
"Poverty and inequality." In Arab Society: A Compendium of Social Statistics, 37–41. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4e7b40cd-en.
Full text
7
"Poverty and inequality." In Arab Society: A Compendium of Social Statistics, 57–60. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/c587ef2c-en.
Full text
8
Hill, Shirley A. "Health behaviors in social context." In Inequality and African-American Health. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447322818.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Racial disparities in major chronic illnesses are documented in this chapter, along with an exploration of the health behaviors of black people. Focusing on individual responsibility for maintaining health resonates with the neoliberal agenda for curtailing social spending, but often overlooks how structural barriers and inequalities shape health behaviors and outcomes. This chapter looks at the health belief model and the theory of health behaviors to examine factors that facilitate (e.g., religion) or impede (e.g., neighbourhood disadvantage) healthy behaviors among African Americans.
9
"Inequality: Where we stand today." In World Social Report 2020, 19–56. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/0de44c44-en.
Full text
10
"The impact of inequality." In Report on the World Social Situation, 63–73. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4b2465a5-en.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
Raycheva, Iva. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN INCOME INEQUALITY." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.49.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper are presented selected results from an empirical analysis of the income inequality in Bulgarian regions. As we know from the economic theory the income that people receive is a basic measure of living standards. Which from your end is related with the risk of poverty or social exclusion? Disparities of the regions is an actual question which is investigated by many researchers. The current research is investigating inequality and related indicators.
2
Mamakos, Michail, and Georgios Chalkiadakis. "Probability Bounds for Overlapping Coalition Formation." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/47.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we provide novel methods which benefit from obtained probability bounds for assessing the ability of teams of agents to accomplish coalitional tasks. To this end, our first method is based on an improvement of the Paley-Zygmund inequality, while the second and the third ones are devised based on manipulations of the two-sided Chebyshev’s inequality and the Hoeffding’s inequality, respectively. Agents have no knowledge of the amount of resources others possess; and hold private Bayesian beliefs regarding the potential resource investment of every other agent. Our methods allow agents to demand that certain confidence levels are reached, regarding the resource contributions of the various coalitions. In order to tackle real-world scenarios, we allow agents to form overlapping coalitions, so that one can simultaneously be part of a number of coalitions. We thus present a protocol for iterated overlapping coalition formation (OCF), through which agents can complete tasks that grant them utility. Agents lie on a social network and their distance affects their likelihood of cooperation towards the completion of a task. We confirm our methods’ effectiveness by testing them on both a random graph of 300 nodes and a real-world social network of 4039 nodes.
Reports on the topic "Social inequality. eng"
1
Ruiz, Susana. ¿Quién paga la cuenta? Gravar la riqueza para enfrentar la crisis de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Oxfam, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6317.
Full textAbstract:
Las previsiones de retroceso económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe son alarmantes. La COVID-19 golpea con fuerza la región marcada que tendrá que afrontar una contracción del 9,4%, una de las más severas en todo el planeta. La desigualdad, la informalidad y la insuficiente dotación sanitaria lastran las posibilidades de hacer frente a la pandemia. Pero son los más vulnerables quienes asumen el costo, hasta 52 millones de personas que podrían caer en la pobreza y 40 millones podrían perder sus empleos, un retroceso de 15 años para la región. Pero la COVID-19 no afecta a todos por igual, una élite se mantiene inmune al contagio de la crisis económica. Desde el principio de los confinamientos, hay 8 nuevos milmillonarios en América Latina y el Caribe, personas con un patrimonio superior a los mil millones de dólares. Las personas más ricas han aumentado su fortuna en US$ 48 200 millones desde marzo 2020, lo que equivale a un tercio del total de los paquetes de estímulo de todos los países de la región. Para hacer frente a esta crisis tan profunda, Oxfam propone una serie de reformas que recaigan sobre quienes más tienen y menos han sufrido la pandemia. Entre otros un impuesto sobre el patrimonio neto de las personas más ricas con el que se podría recaudar al menos US$ 14 260 millones, 50 veces más de lo que ahora se estaría recaudando sobre esta élite de grandes fortunas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts for economic and social decline in Latin America and the Caribbean are alarming. The region will face a 9.4% contraction in its economy, among the most severe in the world. Coping with the pandemic is hindered by inequality, weak and insufficient social protection and limited public health capabilities. Up to 52 million people could fall into poverty and 40 million could lose their jobs – a 15-year setback for the region. Yet, an elite remains ‘immune’ to the contagion of the economic crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been 8 new billionaires in LAC: 1 every 2 weeks since the lockdowns began. The richest people have increased their fortune by $48.2bn since March 2020, equivalent to a third of the total stimulus packages of all countries in the region. In this paper, Oxfam proposes a series of reforms targeting those who have being less affected by the pandemic. They include a net wealth tax that could potentially generate $14.3bn, 50 times more than billionaires in the region pay now in theory, under current tax systems.