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Watts, Christina. "Exploring Experiences of Information Overload: The Influence of Computer-Mediated Communication in the Workplace." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35062.
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Without question, it is apparent that organizations are predominantly dependent on the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) to conduct their daily operations. As a result, information is rapidly flowing throughout the workplace and being exchanged at a rate unlike ever before. Unfortunately, this rapid flow of information has increased the potential for information overload to occur among employees. Through a phenomenological based approach, this study explored the experiences of information overload that occur as a result of CMC use in the workplace, from the subjective point of view of ten participants. Findings indicated that the experiences described among these participants can be understood through the examination of four descriptive themes: Constant Communication, Unpredictability, Miscommunication, and lastly Increased Workload and Responsibilities. Furthermore, two theories: Media Richness Theory (MRT) and Social Influence Theory (SIT), served as the theoretical framework for this study.
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Sommer, Alexandra, and Hanna Svensson. "The usage of CLIL in the classroom and its influence on L2 learners’ motivation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32611.
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In Swedish schools the education should stimulate students’ creativity, curiosity and self-confidence, as well as provide security and generate the will and desire to learn. Therefore, the aim of this case study is to investigate the area of motivation and how motivation is affected by the usage of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Initially, the theoretical foundation for the research, including scaffolding and important theories of second language learner motivation, are outlined and defined. The Process Motivational Model (PMM), is used as a framework to investigate key aspects of motivation in language learning by using two different pedagogical approaches. Our findings show a rise in key aspects of motivation when using CLIL. The learning environment changes positively, and the learner engagement increases when the content of the lesson is fun and authentic. The major conclusions from the results of the case study are that (i) the students were more intrinsically motivated during CLIL-lessons and the L2 learners efforts improved, (ii) the combination of the curricular subject matter Geography and English increased the interest to learn, (iii) the motivation of the students that were passive or interruptive during the non-CLIL lessons increased significantly during the CLIL-lessons (iiii) and the feelings of competence and self-worth increased after the CLIL-lessons. This study is a qualitative case study based on observations, focus groups and a teacher interview in an elementary school in Sweden.
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Hollander, James Fisher. "Reformulating a link between social influence network theory and status characteristics theory and a method for testing that link." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5271/.
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The impact of social influence from others on choices made by subjects and how this influence accumulates was studied by secondary analysis of reported experimental data. To explain this impact a link is proposed between social influence network theory (SINT) and status characteristics theory (SCT). The link formula transforms stay probabilities for different status relationships of subject with one disagreeing other agent into horizontal axis coordinate values while stay probabilities of subject given two disagreeing others are transformed into vertical-axis coordinate values corresponding to the horizontal axis values for further analyses. The results support the utility of the proposed link between the two theories.
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Kramer, Samuel Louis. "The Influence of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Subsystems on Social Interaction and Social Observation Anxiety." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1429.
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Evidence suggests that both the BIS and the BAS play a role in the individual differences seen in social anxiety disorder; however, findings concerning the role of the BAS have been mixed. To date, the role of RST subsystems underlying social anxiety has been measured with outdated scales. This study addressed this issue by using a measure purpose-built for the revised RST. The current study was able to replicate past findings that the BAS is differentially related to social interaction anxiety and social observation anxiety (Kimbrel et al., 2010; Kimbrel et al., 2012). While using a newer measure based on the revised RST; however, results indicated that BAS sensitivity related to both subdimensions of social anxiety. In addition, findings indicate that the RST systems remain good predictors of social anxiety symptoms even after accounting for the influence of levels of positive and negative affect. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Holmgren, Hanna. "Plant-based diets on social media : How content on social media influence for maintaining a lifestyle." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35973.
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Plant-based food has recently been a frequently addressed topic for scientific research, mainly because of its benefits for the environmental sustainability, human health and animal welfare. Nonetheless, there is limited research on how people maintain a plant-based diet, as well as research gaps on the topic in relation to media and communication studies. The purpose of this research is to provide new empirical data on how social media can inspire and/or influence a person to maintain a plant-based lifestyle. Using a qualitative method of in-depth interviews, the aim is to understand how content on social media motivates people to make sustainable movements in their real life. In other words, the research will provide insights on how a lifestyle can be upheld with the help of social media. As a theoretical basis for the study, the following theories have been applied: The uses and gratification theory, cultivation analysis theory and social cognitive theory. The findings suggest that social media is a useful tool for a person that wants to maintain a plant-based diet. Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are preferred online platforms for seeking and sharing information about the lifestyle and the most interesting contents for upholding a plant-based diet are food pictures, personal blogs and vlogs, documentaries about the environment and animal welfare, as well as product news and different discussions in virtual groups. The result also shows that people are most likely to change a behaviour after seeing content on social media that makes them emotional, in a positive or negative way.
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Danielsson, Anna, and Jennifer Pettersson. "Corporate Social Responsibility - En konkurrensfördel för att attrahera framtidens arbetskraft? : En studie om hur dagens studenter värderar CSR hos framtida arbetsgivare." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176586.
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Konkurrensen om kompetent personal ökar och flertalet faktorer används därför för attattrahera och rekrytera kvalificerad arbetskraft. Företag lägger idag stort fokus på corporatesocial recponsibility (CSR) och studier har visat att CSR spelar stor roll för potentiellamedarbetare i sökandet efter arbetsgivare. Syftet med denna uppsats är således att undersöka,beskriva och analysera huruvida studenter på avancerad nivå vid ett svenskt universitet,värderar CSR som en attraktiv faktor hos en framtida arbetsgivare. Den teoretiskareferensramen utgår från tre områden vilka berör CSR, employer branding samt social identitytheory (SIT). Uppsatsen baseras på en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökningbland 230 studenter på avancerad nivå vid ett av Sveriges största universitet. Resultaten ochslutsatserna visar, till skillnad från tidigare studier, att CSR inte ses som en attraktiv faktorhos en framtida arbetsgivare samt att andra faktorer överlag ses som både mer attraktiva ochviktiga än CSR.
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Nyström, Robin, and Mathias Öhman. "Samhälleligt ansvarstagande : En komparativ fallstudie av det samhälleliga ansvarstagandets mening och betydelse för medarbetaren." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138830.
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Bakgrund I dagens samhälle är CSR, samhälleligt ansvarstagande, en viktig fråga för företag. De studier som undersökt medarbetare i företag som arbetar med CSR har visat på ett positivt samband mellan detta arbete och medarbetarnas motivation. Däremot har få kvalitativa studier fokuserat på medarbetaren och ingen studie har tidigare använt meningsskapande som perspektiv för att skapa förståelse om detta fenomen. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att med en komparativ utgångspunkt belysa vilken mening medarbetare skapat i deras arbetsgivares samhälleliga ansvarstagande för att skapa förståelse för betydelsen av arbetsgivares förhållningssätt till samhälleligt ansvarstagande för medarbetares självbild, motivation och organisatoriska engagemang. Metod Studien har antagit en komparativ fallstudiedesign. En kvalitativ metod och en iterativ ansats med deduktiva inslag har använts. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare på respektive fallföretag. Slutsatser Medarbetare ser att arbetsgivarens samhälleliga ansvarstagande finns till för att tillgodose medarbetarnas behov av att vara en del av något som gör gott för andra intressenter. Medarbetares motivation och organisatoriska engagemang kan härledas ur deras arbetsgivares samhälleliga ansvarstagande såvida medarbetarna själva tycker att den typen av arbete är viktigt. Detta förklaras av att individens självbild och arbetsgivarens organisatoriska identitet och båda parters underliggande värderingar överensstämmer.Background In our society, the question of social responsibility is of importance for most companies and it has long been a subject for scholars. Studies of employees in social responsible companies indicate a positive correlation between CSR activities and motivation. However, only a few have focused on the employee and none of the previous studies have used sensemaking as a theoretical perspective to deepen our knowledge and understanding of employees’ behavior within a socially responsible company. Aim The aim of this study is to illustrate, with a comparative approach, what meaning employees have given to their employer’s social responsibility to provide an understanding of the significance of employers’ various approaches to social responsibility for the social identity, organizational engagement and motivation of employees. Methodology The research design is a comparative case study. A qualitative methodology was used with an iterative approach, although the initial approach was deductive. The empirical data was gathered through three semi-structured interviews with employees on each company. Conclusions Employees consider that the purpose of their employer’s social responsibility is to fulfill their need to belong to a company that does good for other stakeholders. Employees’ motivation and organizational commitment may be derived from their employer’s social responsibility if the employees themselves consider these activities important. This is explained by congruence between the individual’s social identity, the employer’s organizational identity and the underlying values of these identities.
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Straub, Brianne. "LOOKING THROUGH ROSE COLORED GLASSES:THE MEDIA'S INFLUENCE ON PERCEPTIONS OF ROMANCE AND MARRIAGE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3387.
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This study examined the relationship between different media and expectations about romantic relationships and marriage. Participants were asked to complete a survey that measured different romantic constructs and the types of media exposures on a daily and weekly basis. The variables were measured to determine the effect the media play in a person's perceptions on romantic relationships and marriage. The results of the study concluded that although general television viewing does not predict perceptions about romance and marriage, the romantic genre of television programs as well as magazines do have a role in predicting romantic perceptions.M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Arts and Sciences
Communication
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Garris, Bill R., and Amy J. Weber. "Relationships Influence Health: Family Theory in Health-Care Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12294.
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This article reviews the presence of family theory in health-care research. First, we demonstrate some disconnect between models of the patient, which tend to focus on the individual, and a large body of research that finds that relationships influence health. We summarize the contributions of family science and medical family therapy and conclude that family science models and measures are generally underutilized. As a result, practitioners do not have access to the rich tool kit of lenses and interventions offered by systems thinking. We propose several possible ways that family scientists can contribute to health-care research, such as using the family as the unit of analysis, exploring theories of the family as they relate to health, and suggesting greater involvement of family scientists in health research.
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Smith-Weber, Sheila Marie. "The influence of social cognitive career theory on African-American female adolescents' career development /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924940.
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Hackbarth, Heather. "MEDIA INFLUENCE ON YOUNG ADULTS SEXUAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3414.
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Research has shown that sexual content is prevalent in television programming and that this content can have an effect on the viewer's attitudes about sex. This study examined this relationship within the theoretical framework of cultivation and social cognitive theories. This study used a survey to examine these relationships in young students at a large southeastern university. The researchers targeted freshmen, many in their first semester, for this study to get the best measure of attitudes, before they were influenced by college life. In addition to examining the effects of television viewing, the researcher looked at the effects of exposure to other media that may contain sexual content, such as magazines, Internet, DVD's, video games, and music. The study did not find significant relationships between television viewing and students' sexual attitudes and behaviors, but it did find several strong relationships among sexual attitudes and behaviors and students' exposure to other forms of media that may contain sexual content, including music, films, video games, and DVDs.M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Arts and Sciences
Communication
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Levy, Philip A. "Exemplars of Taking Liberties: The Iroquois Influence Theory and the Problem of Evidence." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625994.
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Ali, Maimunah Binti. "Group level influence on blog's design behaviour." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7347.
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The purpose of this research is twofold. Firstly, this research aims to investigate whether the design preferences of bloggers in selected countries from different cultural backgrounds are influenced by national culture traits. The investigation involves two categories of blogs selected within a country where the bloggers share similar attributes such as language or geographical location. Secondly, simultaneously, this research intends to discover the possibility of the impact of group level influence on design preferences of bloggers who are linked together in a network through bloggers’ linkage or blogrolls. To achieve the said purposes, observations on both the global and local blogs of six selected countries are conducted using the content analysis method. This method allows this research to observe web pages and rate design preferences of bloggers via a coding system, similar to the method used to analyse documents or manuscripts to find common themes or keywords. A total of 612 blogs (306 global and 306 local) are observed for a period of nine months to identify cultural traits on design behaviour based on national culture indicators chosen from prominent literatures. To prevent a systematic error, an independent second observer was appointed and the results obtained are compared using a statistical methodology. In addition, translators were also engaged to verify that the translations are of a correct meaning and comprehension since blogs use various national languages on their web pages. The data were statistically tested using SPSS engaging in statistical analysis of frequency table, Cross-Tabulation and cluster analyses and MANOVA. Results shown that design preferences between both the global and local blogs in each country, has significant differences in most of the design indicators chosen. The findings indicate that the national culture influence on design preferences in linked networks of blogs is weakening indicating another type of influence might be in existence. The results also provide evidence that blogs in linked networks are statistically significant as a cluster or a group by themselves and are independent from one cluster to another. The research, however, studies only six countries from six different cultural dimensions. The inclusion of other countries, similar to or different from the countries under investigation, would be an added advantage. Furthermore, the use of only a single type of global blog provider (blogspot.com) in this research could be extended to other global blog providers such as wordpress.com to give fairer coverage of major and popular global blogs as well as providing a wider generalisation effect of the research findings.
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吳玉儀 and Yuk-yee Jessie Ng. "The influence of social labelings on the self-esteem of delinquent girls: a reflection on social work dilemmaswith social deviants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247520.
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Wilcox, Shelby. "The Influence of Social Distance and Attitudes on Processing Health Messages about Electronic Cigarettes on Social Media." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1561759035574032.
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Van, Geem Stephen G. "Status and Slaughter: The Psyco-social Factors that Influence Public Mass Murder." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/470.
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Even though public mass shootings are relatively rare, they represent an atypical form of violence that is both sudden and yields an unprecedented amount of carnage; for these reasons, an inordinate amount of scholarship has been produced in order to isolate both the causes and effects of these rampages. As there is no clear cut and universal cause, over the past forty years numerous factors have been offered to account for these types of shootings, including bullying, peer relations, family problems, cultural conflict, demographic change, mental illness, gun culture, copycatting, and the media. While there appears to be an element of truth in each of these perspectives, all of these isolated factors focus upon only one or two surface-level influences, thus ignoring the possibility that multiple and distinct causes are interacting with one another.
The aim of this study is to construct a meaningful model of motivation that is common to each situation, is to build upon psycho-social theories of crime, and to highlight which combination of specific background factors and processes is necessary to produce these vicious massacres. To answer the underlying research question, "Why do certain individuals elect this specific line of action?" this thesis will first provide a review of the relevant literature, will then emphasize three key social and psychological predisposers that combine together to negatively influence the individuals involved, and will subsequently highlight five separate and unique case studies in order to examine the proposed model.
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Hudson, Sheri L. "The influence of program theory-based evaluation on the use of evaluation information : a longitudinal study /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091002.91837.
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POSTERNAK, LEO. "HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY IN BRAZIL: PIONEERING, RESISTANCES, AND RECENT INFLUENCE ON THE FORMULATION OF SOCIAL POLICIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24509@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA Teoria do Capital Humano defende que a educação formal é necessária para aumentar a capacidade de produção de uma população: uma população educada é uma população produtiva e dotada de maior nível de bem-estar social, o que, por sua vez, proporciona a diminuição da pobreza e da desigualdade de renda. Na década de 1970, Carlos Geraldo Langoni estudou, de forma pioneira e com o auxílio da Teoria do Capital Humano, a variação da desigualdade de renda no Brasil na década de 1960. Seu trabalho demonstrou que a variável educação possuía a maior correlação para explicar os resultados observados de desigualdade nos rendimentos do trabalho. Desníveis provenientes do sistema educacional brasileiro, envolvendo crianças e adolescentes, resultavam em desníveis salariais entre os trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho. Langoni contribuiu para a formação de um grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros que, influenciados por aquela perspectiva teórica, participaram a partir da década de 1990, do debate público envolvendo a formulação de programas de transferências de renda condicionadas à frequência escolar. Embora as teses baseadas na Teoria do Capital Humano apresentadas por Langoni, em 1973, fossem consistentes e representassem importante contribuição para a compreensão da desigualdade de renda, o ambiente político e acadêmico dos anos de 1970 terminou por inibir a repercussão e o reconhecimento de seu trabalho. Apenas a partir de 1990, tendo à frente seus seguidores, aquelas ideias e a própria Teoria do Capital Humano passaram a influenciar governos, políticas sociais, e, de alguma forma, as escolhas da própria sociedade brasileira.
Human Capital Theory proposes that formal education is necessary to increase a population s productivity: an educated population tends also to be a productive one and to present a higher level of social well-being that provides reduction of poverty and income inequality. Based on Human Capital Theory, Carlos Geraldo Langoni pioneered, in the 1970s, a study on the variation of income inequality in Brazil during the 1960s. His work demonstrated that education was the variable that best correlated with future income inequality. The inequality gaps involving children and adolescents in the Brazilian educational system were reproduced in wage gaps among workers in the labor market. Langoni contributed to the formation of a group of Brazilian researchers who were influenced by this theory. As of the 1990s, these researchers were involved in the public debate regarding the issuance of cash transfers conditional on school attendance programs. Although these conclusions based on Human Capital Theory presented by Langoni in 1973 were consistent and represented an important contribution to the understanding of income inequality, the political and academic environment of the 1970s ended by inhibiting the impact and recognition of the work. Starting in the 1990s, headed by his followers, those ideas and Human Capital Theory influenced governments, social policies, and somehow the choices of Brazilian society.
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Herzog, Charles. "The Death of Camelot: Myth, Rhetoric, & the Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy Theory." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2462.
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The nature of the popular allegation that President John F. Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy is addressed in this thesis. An answer is sought to the question, "What qualities of the Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory account for its relatively widespread popular appeal?" The author seeks to demonstrate that the Kennedy conspiracy theory has attained the status of myth in contemporary culture. First, a theoretical framework based upon previous research in the area of myth and rhetoric is constructed. This framework is designed to aid the researcher in identifying mythic discourse by establishing both formal and functional criteria.
Next the framework is applied to the Kennedy conspiracy theory as manifested in various articles of popular culture including the Oliver Stone film, JFK.
Finally, the ascendancy of the Kennedy assassination to the status of myth is explained through a demonstration of its consistency with both contemporary and ancient mythic themes.
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Richardson, Roslyn C. "Using Motivational Systems Theory to Explore Factors that Influence the Teaching Strategies of Undergraduate Social Work Faculty." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238790333.
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Duke, Christopher Chandler. "Social identity and the environment : the influence of group processes on environmentally sustainable behaviour." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/116130.
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The state of the natural environment is a topic of increasing concern, with climate change, loss of biodiversity, and diminishing natural resources all posing eminent threats to the well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. Much of this environmental degradation is caused by human behaviour that can be changed. Psychologists have realised their role in understanding and influencing pro-environmental behaviours to help (see Chapter 1). Most psychological research of environmental behaviour has focused on the individual person as the unit of analysis. While this has been helpful, less attention has been given to how group memberships, and the social influences these create, affect environmental behaviour. Because environmental behaviour often occurs within a social context, understanding the social element may be critically important to promoting environmentally sustainable behaviour (see Chapter 2). Using the social identity approach, this research investigates how various aspects of social group membership interact with individual attributes to influence environmental behaviour. Three related strands of research explore this issue (see Chapter 3 for an overview). In Chapter 4, two studies (Studies 1 and 2) examined how group feedback in the form of social comparisons affect individual behaviour. Based on social identity theory, it was predicted that positive social comparisons would lead to more positive behaviour, and less positive comparisons to less positive behaviour, especially among individuals who identified strongly with the target ingroup. Results from both studies found some support for these hypotheses on certain (but not all) behavioural dependent measures, both at the time of manipulation and one week later. This supports the notion that individual social identification strength can moderate behavioural response to group-level feedback on environmental topics. In Chapter 5, Study 3 considered how interaction within groups via discussion might induce group norms about environmental behaviour that over-ride the effects of intergroup comparisons. A design similar to Study 1 was used, with the addition of a small-group discussion following the feedback manipulation. Discussion content was hypothesised to predict environmental behaviour, with the feedback manipulation having less impact than in Study 1. Results found that the more participants discussed environmental behaviours, the more they engaged in them one week later. This effect was independent of pre-existing environmental values, suggesting that the effects of group interaction were not merely a reflection of existing individual orientations. Following the discussion, values were also found to be very strong predictors of behaviour, a result not found in Study 1, suggesting that group interaction not only shapes individual behaviour but also reduces the classic value-action gap. Together, these findings point to the powerful role that intra-group interaction can play in forming norms of environmental behaviour and shaping individual responses. In Chapter 6, two studies (Studies 4 and 5) explored how comparisons within a group over time (i.e., intra-group comparisons) may function differently to comparisons between groups (i.e., inter-group comparisons), which were explored in Chapter 4. Based on the findings in Chapter 4, positive intergroup comparisons were predicted to result in more positive individual intentions, whereas negative intergroup comparisons were expected to result in reduced intentions. With respect to intra-group comparisons, however, the opposite pattern of effects was predicted. The results of Study 4 did not support these hypotheses. However, feedback from participants suggested that the experimental design may have produced reactance. To address this, Study 5 made use of a revised design, and the results of this study indicated support for the hypotheses. Importantly, in addition to negative and positive comparisons having opposing effects depending on whether these were intra- or inter-group, the processes behind these effects also differed. The effects of intra-group comparisons were mediated by shared responsibility whereas the effects of intergroup comparisons were mediated by environmental value centrality. These results are integrated and discussed in Chapter 7. The recurring theme of these results is that group-level feedback can interact with individual-level variables in subtle but powerful ways, leading to differing outcomes of environmental behaviour. These findings highlight the socially imbedded nature of individual environmental actions, and suggest new avenues for theoretical and practical work in the environmental domain. In particular, on the basis of the studies included in this thesis it is recommended that psychologists who are interested in understanding and changing individual environmental behaviour should incorporate an understanding of intra- and inter-group processes into their theorising and future research.
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Phillips, Michele. "Exploring the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility and its Influence on Branding: A Grounded Theory Case Study of Hydro Ottawa." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32396.
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The following research examined the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its influence on branding in the energy sector. This research took place at Hydro Ottawa because it is a power distribution and a power generation company, with a mixed private and public business model operating in a monopolistic context, which is a well-rounded example that can be transferred to other organizations and other sectors. This research followed a case study approach guided by Strauss and Corbin’s (1990, 1998) grounded theory. This study attempted to answer the following research question 1) Who are the main stakeholders at Hydro Ottawa and what type of influence do they have on the development of their CSR and branding strategies? 2) How is CSR enunciated and applied at Hydro Ottawa? 3) How does CSR shape the brand image of Hydro Ottawa? In order to explore the research questions, the data collected for this study consisted of interviews, organizational documents, as well as observation. Due to the time limitation for a master’s thesis, six participants were chosen for interviews, which were later transcribed, coded and analysed by the researcher. The findings indicated that building a CSR strategy based on a healthy organizational culture, stakeholder needs, and the triple bottom line (financial, social, environmental) led to CSR essentially becoming the brand. The brand can then be communicated and shaped from and inside-out (from the employees to the external stakeholders)/outside-in (from external stakeholders to inside the organization) approach. Based on a grounded theory analysis, the researcher created a step-by-step prescriptive model that could be used to advance corporate social responsibility into Hydro Ottawa’s brand as well as offer a critical perspective of the findings.
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Spillane, Debra L. "Ribbon reign: 20 years of postmodern influence on a cultural phenomenon." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/489.
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Diverse sociology theoretical constructs serve as the lens to examine the evolution of two popular symbols of US culture in the last 20 years: yellow ribbons displayed as decoration and awareness ribbons worn as personal accoutrement. This research was motivated by society's weakened state of "collective consciousness," whereby shared beliefs and values have declined and some have completely disappeared, and sought to determine whether symbols will survive in a culture without commitment to the social. Invoking Christopher Lasch's Culture of Narcissism, Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation, David Riesman's theory of other-directedness from The Lonely Crowd, and Stjepan Mestrovic's Postemotional Society, this work examined the significance of public displays of ribbons (whether on animate or inanimate objects), theorized why certain diseases and social causes "earned" their awareness ribbons and others did not, and demonstrated that these ribbons have served as multivalent symbols to accommodate our culture in a postmodern world. These symbols have not maintained their unifying function and now serve at the whim of the individual participant or observer. Ultimately, the act of wearing or displaying awareness ribbons and yellow ribbons, like so many other symbols, has been severed from the idea and is a freefloating, simulacrum to be used in whatever mode our postmodern, postemotional society requires.
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Lambert, Nicole M. "The Influence of Identity and Opportunity on the Nicaraguan Women's Movement." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1279229099.
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Utermark, Tamisha L. "Cohort Differences in Perceptions of Helpful Counselor Characteristics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3201/.
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The present study examined age cohort differences in older and younger adults as they relate to perceptions of helpful counselor characteristics. The present study also assessed whether previous help-seeking behavior influences perceptions of what counselor characteristics would be helpful. The social influence model is used as basis for predictions. The first research hypothesis for the present study was that there would be an age by cohort interaction in perceptions of helpful counselor characteristics at both Time 1 (1991) and Time 2 (2001). The second research hypothesis was that there would be a main effect for cohort, with more recently born cohorts preferring more interpersonal counselor characteristics. The third research hypothesis was that there would be a main effect for age in endorsement of the social influence model. The fourth research hypothesis was that there would be a significant difference between the perceptions of those individuals who had previously sought help from a mental health professional and those individuals who had not sought help, regardless of age and cohort. A revised Adjective Check List (Gough, 1965; Gough & Heilbrum, 1983) was used to assess perceptions of helpful counselor characteristics. Chi-square analyses, MANOVA/supplementary ANOVAs, and exploratory factor analyses were used to test the research hypotheses. The first and second research hypotheses were supported. The third research hypothesis was not supported. The fourth research hypothesis was supported for Time 1, but not for Time 2. Limitations of the present study and implications of this research are discussed.
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Divilbiss, Marielle Kathleen. "The Influence of Alexithymia on Empathic Ability in Schizophrenia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1318807285.
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Corbett, Jaynee LeAnn. "Parental Influence on Juvenile Delinquency." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1558524002978951.
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Quinonez, Bonnie D. "Influence of Dual Process Decision-Making Theory in Patients Diagnosed With Cancer." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4402.
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Each year millions of people face the medical decision-making cycle that comes with a diagnosis of cancer. For patients and their families, this can be a rollercoaster of confusion and fear. Researchers have indicated that the complexity of the decision-making process is underrepresented in the current approach of informed decision-making. The purpose of this study was to add to scientifically-validated research expanding the identification of factors that influence decision-making for individuals diagnosed with cancer. Fuzzy trace theory (FTT) is the dual process memory theory used as the framework for this study. Qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews with 10 participants. The sampling strategy included purposeful sampling and snowball or chain sampling. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Software tools were used to aid in the creation of word mapping and clusters and a naming structure emerged. A comprehensive thematic analysis was completed. Participants detailed experiences with family and social dynamics, psychological or emotional stress, external influencing factors to the decision-making process, and experiences with cancer advertising. This research can create positive social change through the advancement of scientifically-validated research to support patients during the decision-making process.
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Lopez, Rachel. "Migrant-Funded Development: The Influence of Mexican Hometown Associations on Development Indicators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77015.
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This thesis examines development as a catalyst for the decision to migrate. Specifically, the two complementary theories of relative deprivation and social networks are examined to explore possible associations between level of household development and migrants' designation of savings or remittances towards development-related purposes and whether remittances are positively affected by migrants' participation in a hometown association (HTA). The study relied on data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), using the historical Mexican sending state of Jalisco. The MMP, using an ethnosurvey method, gathers data on individual migrant experiences, including border-crossing methods, jobs held, and participation in migrant hometown associations, amenities found in individual households, and available services in communities. No support was found for the first hypothesis, which predicted that relative deprivation was a catalyst of migration. Support was found for the second hypothesis, that migrant participation in HTAs, specifically in social clubs, positively influenced designation of savings or remittances for development-related purposes. This same support was not the case for migrant involvement in sport clubs. This thesis contributes to social network theory, pinpointing the positive effect that migrant participation in hometown associations has on designating money towards development.Master of Arts
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Lee, Guijin. "The Influence of Social Cohesion, Sense of Belonging, and Community Safety on Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use Among Asian American Adolescents." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593478772659169.
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Seely, Natalee. "Social Indicators in Online News Environments: The Influence of Bandwagon Cues on News Perceptions." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397729796.
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Lucas, Warren Covelé. "An investigation into the social factors that influence sport participation : a case of gymnastics in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5078.
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Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)Gymnastics is a sport code that develops basic motor skills, hand-eye coordination and provides participants with an opportunity to socialize and learn new skills. There are various social factors, such as a family’s socioeconomic status or accessibility to sports facilities that may play a role in affecting levels of participation. The aim of this study is to investigate the social factors that have an influence on gymnastics participation in the Western Cape. To this end, a qualitative approach is adopted to collect data. This study also adopts the ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1995) as the theoretical framework, and is used to analyse and interpret current social factors that directly or indirectly influence participation in gymnastics. The study’s objectives were to ascertain which social factors hinder participation, and which social factors promote participation, thus, coaches, parents and gymnasts participated in focus group discussions. Key informant interviews took place with experts in the field of gymnastics in the Western Cape. A thematic analysis was conducted on transcriptions from the focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Social factors investigated in this study occurred in the chronosystem, macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem, and had both a direct and indirect influence on the gymnast’s continued participation. These systems are defined by Bronfenbrenner (1995), as the environment of the individual, in which they grow and develop. The research findings of this thesis are used to draw conclusions and make specific recommendations for practice and further research. The information gathered in this study can assist all stakeholders within the field of gymnastics, such as parents, judges, coaches, gymnasts, and the supporting community which surround the participating gymnast.
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Krome, Lesly R. "Attracting women to STEM programs: the influence of goal-orientations and the use of gendered wording in recruitment materials." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32487.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Patrick Knight
Recruiters and recruitment materials can signal to job seekers certain aspects of the organization which may affect how attractive the organization appears as a potential employer (signaling theory; Rynes, Bretz, & Gerhart, 1991). Some signals received during recruitment can indicate that social-based inequalities and hierarchies may exist (social dominance theory; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). It is possible that women might perceive themselves as part of a subordinate group in fields where they are underrepresented, such as the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The current research examines participant gender and the effects of using traditionally feminine words, masculine words, or neutral words in recruitment material on participants’ ratings of STEM program attractiveness and perceptions of institutional belonging. Furthermore, one’s goal orientation can influence the type of goal one is attracted to and whether it will be adopted; the current research looks at the effects of one’s goal orientation and how that is related to the person’s efficacy regarding STEM recruitment materials (Elliott & Dweck, 1988). Additionally, a goal orientation intervention was conducted in an attempt to influence participants’ situational learning goal orientations and measured efficacy. While the gendered wording of the recruitment material did not influence participants’ ratings of attraction and perceived belongingness, women rated the STEM recruitment material as more attractive than men. Additionally, participants’ learning goal orientation was found to have a significant influence on their measured efficacy. The results of this research have implications for recruiting female applicants to STEM programs/careers and suggestions for organizational interventions and best practices in order to positively affect job outcomes.
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Robinson, Natalie G. "Young Women's Sun-Protective Attitudes and Behaviours: The Role of Social Influence Factors." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16042/.
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Sun protective attitudes and intentions were investigated in 2 experiments and 1 field study. Participants in the first experiment were female Caucasian university students between the ages of 17 and 35 years (N = 102). A 2 x 2 experimental design manipulated message frame and the normative context and measured the level of identification with the ingroup (university students) to examine intentions to engage in sun protective behaviour within the next fortnight and within the next month. To manipulate levels of ingroup normative support, participants studied bar graphs and testimonial statements showing ostensible information on the percentage of recreational sportswomen engaging in sun-protective behaviours in comparison to non-sporting women. To manipulate the message frame, messages were presented in either a gain or loss frame format. Regression analyses revealed significant effects for prior attitudes towards engaging in sun-protective behaviour in the next fortnight and also in the next month. Contrary to expectations, no interactive effects involving norms were found in the prediction of intentions. The lack of significant results were attributed to the unsuitability of the sample population (university students) in relation to sun-protective behaviours. To test third person perceptions, two measures of perceptions of influence were assessed. The first measure assessed perceptions of how much the target groups would be affected by the sun-protective advertisement and the second assessed perceptions of how much target groups would engage in regular sun-protective behaviour after reading the sun-protective advertisement. Results of the repeated measures mixed ANOVAS revealed reversed third person perceptions between self and other when participants were exposed to a supportive ingroup norms and a Sun-protective attitudes and behaviours vi classic third person effect when participants were exposed to a non-supportive ingroup norm. Similar patterns of results were found for perceptions between ingroup and outgroup members. It was concluded from study one that the manipulations due to ingroup norms may not have been effective for a sample of participants whose personal relevance for sun-protective behaviour was not strong. In study 2, sun protective attitudes, intentions and behaviour at a 2-week follow-up were investigated in an experimental study using a population more likely to engage in decision-making in relation to the target behaviour; Caucasian sportswomen between the ages of 17 and 35 years (N = 101). The 2 x 2 experimental design manipulated the normative context and image norms and measured the level of identification with ingroup (young recreational sportswomen). Ingroup norms were manipulated in a similar manner to study 1. Image norms were manipulated through the inclusion of a colour photograph featuring a sportswoman whose skin tone had been manipulated via a computer imaging program (Photoshop 6.0) to appear either pale or tanned. Regression analyses revealed a significant 2-way interaction for ingroup norm x identification on intentions. When decomposed, the interaction showed that participants who identified strongly with their ingroup had stronger intentions to engage in sun-protective behaviour in the next fortnight when exposed to a supportive ingroup norm. The findings lend support to the impact of social influence on intentions to engage in sun-protective behaviours. A trend was also revealed for the 2-way interaction for group norms x image norms on attitudes towards engaging in sun-protective behaviour in the next fortnight. The trend suggested that participants exposed to a pale image norm had more positive attitudes towards engaging in sun-protective behaviour when exposed to a supportive group norm in comparison to those exposed to a non-supportive group norm. Sun-protective attitudes and behaviours vii Thus, study 2 provided support for the interactive effects of ingroup norms and identification on intentions to engage in sun-protective behaviours suggesting that group norms, conceptualised from a SIT/SCT perspective, may be important in the sun-protective decision-making process. Study 2 also provided some support for the interactive effects of ingroup norm and image norms on attitudes towards engaging in sun-protective behaviours, highlighting the importance of investigating the effects of social influence factors in young sportswomen's sun-protective decision making processes. In study 3, participants were Caucasian women between the ages of 17 and 35 years (N = 123) who were visitors to beaches on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. A model based on the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) was developed incorporating additional normative factors (i.e., image norms, group norms and personal norms). The revised TPB model was then compared to two models previously tested in the context of health behaviours. The first comparative model was based on Jackson and Aiken's (2000) psychosocial model of sunprotection and, the second model was based on Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton and Russell's (1998) prototype/willingness model. The models were examined using the EQS structural equation modelling program which revealed that the TPB-based model provided the most parsimonious fit to the data. The results support the inclusion of different sources of social influence (i.e., group norms and personal norms) in a TPB-based predictive model for sun-protective intentions and behaviours. Results revealed it is important to consider the impact of group norms, from a SIT/SCT perspective, on young women's sun-protective decision-making processes. Results also showed that it is important to consider the impact of young women's personal norms (i.e., internal moral rules and expectations about their own Sun-protective attitudes and behaviours viii behaviour) in the sun-protective decision-making process. Overall, the findings of the program of research suggested that it was specific referent norms that were important in the sun-protective decision-making process rather than more broad and general societal norms. Overall, the program of studies established the important role of social influence factors in young women's sun-protective decision making processes. The program of studies highlighted important theoretical and practical contributions that can aid in the development and implementation of more effective sun-protection messages to motivate young women to engage in sun-protective behaviours. The current program of research adds to the field of research by providing a comparison of the impact of various sources of social influence on attitudes and intentions to engage in sun-protective behaviour. The current research also empirically elucidates the core dimensions, mechanisms and relationships underlying the formation of sunprotective attitudes, intentions and behaviours.
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Wetmiller, Rebecca J. "The Copycat Effect: Do social influences allow peer team members' dysfunctional audit behaviors to spread throughout the audit team?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88464.
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Staff auditors often rely on team members as a source of information to determine the behaviors that are normal and acceptable. This may be one cause of the prevalence of audit quality reducing dysfunctional audit behaviors (DAB) within the profession. Social influence theory, applied in an auditing context, posits that staff auditors are influenced not only by the preferences of their superiors (i.e., compliance pressure) but also by their peers' DAB (i.e., conformity pressure). Given the importance of the work performed by staff auditors, I conduct an experiment to identify the role that a peer team member's behavior and a superior's preference plays in influencing staff auditors' behavior. I predict, and find, that staff auditors with a peer team member who engages in a DAB are more likely to engage in a DAB. I also predict, and find, that staff auditors with a superior who has a preference toward efficiency are more likely to engage in a DAB. Finally, I predict that a superior's preference toward efficiency will amplify the influence of a peer team member's involvement in a DAB. Interestingly, I find that a superior's preference amplifies the effect of a peer team member's behavior when it is toward efficiency only, not effectiveness, for a face-to-face request from the client, but not for an email request. These results suggest that peer behavior influences the effect of a superior's preference of staff auditors in the intimidating situation of having a face-to-face interaction with the client. This could be because of the cognitive dissonance staff auditors experience when their general understanding of the standards does not align with their peer's behavior. The results of this study provide insights into a potential risk introduced to the audit engagement through audit team dynamics.Doctor of Philosophy
Financial statement audits conducted by public accounting firms are frequently performed in a team setting. Most of the audit team consists of younger, inexperienced staff auditors who perform much of the testwork that informs the final audit opinion. Staff auditors’ lack of knowledge requires them to seek information to complete their testwork, from both their peer team members and their superiors. Peer team members may engage in behaviors that reduce the quality of the audit, which shows staff auditors that these dysfunctional behaviors are acceptable. At the same time, superiors often display a preference toward effectiveness (i.e., improving audit quality) or efficiency (i.e., saving time). I perform an experiment to determine if staff auditors mimic the audit quality reducing behaviors of their peer team members, while also considering the preference of their superior. I find that staff auditors are more likely to engage in audit quality decreasing behaviors when their peer team members have done so previously. I also find that staff auditors are more likely to engage in audit quality decreasing behaviors when their superior has a preference toward efficiency. I find that a superior’s preference toward efficiency, but not effectiveness, amplifies the effect that a peer team member’s behavior has on the likelihood that a staff auditor engages in an audit quality increasing behavior of requesting information from the client in a face-to-face interaction, but not for an email request. These results suggest that peer behavior influences the effect of a superior’s preference of staff auditors in the intimidating situation of having a face-to-face interaction with the client. In general, I find that peer behavior and superior preference influence staff auditors’ chosen behaviors.
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Steele, Jennifer L. "Adolescent Substance Use and General Social Strain Theory: The Influence of Race/Ethnic-Related Strains and Protective Factors." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1307735817.
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Karmakar, Monita. "The Health Impact of Survivorship Care Plans among Breast Cancer Survivors: The Influence of the Social Cognitive Theory." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564566737077347.
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Munro-Faure, Amy Louise. "Causes of variation in human cooperative behaviour." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31376.
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This thesis investigates variation in human cooperative behaviour in naturally occurring contexts. I critically assess the prevailing consensus on human cooperation derived from laboratory games (such as the dictator and public goods games), by identifying real life analogues and conducting extensive field observation and experiments. My second chapter investigates the importance of context on social behaviour by taking a commonly used laboratory game, the dictator game, and studying analogous behaviour, giving to mendicants in the street. I conclude that individuals cooperate less in the wild than they do in the laboratory and that monetary pay-offs are important in cooperative decision-making. My third chapter examines how social cues influence peoples' likelihood of giving to mendicants. I conclude that increased group size and crowd density negatively affect donation behaviour. My fourth chapter investigates dog fouling in public parks to understand the causes of variation in cheating in a naturally occurring public goods game. I conclude that despite evidence that a social game is being played, the cues that influences decisions are unclear, and behaviour may depend on local social norms. My fifth chapter investigates social influences on red light jumping by cyclists at pedestrian crossings. I find that the probability of cheating is higher with fewer observers and when other cyclists also cheat.
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Castilla, Theresa Marie. "The Effect of Social Influence Strategies on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: An Application to Exercise." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/609.
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Proposed associations between social influence strategies (i.e., persuasion, coercion, and relationship referencing), Kelman's (1958; 1961) processes of change (i.e., internalization, identification, and compliance), and types of motivation derived from self-determination theory were examined. Proposed associations between social influence strategies and relationship satisfaction were also examined. A sample of 194 undergraduate students answered various questionnaires to measure relationship satisfaction, motivation to engage in exercise, Kelman's processes, and forms of social influence. Results indicated significant associations between social influence strategies and Kelman's processes, as well as significant associations between Kelman's processes and motivation. Results supported one mediation path (i.e., persuasion is associated with intrinsic motivation via internalization). Results also indicated an association between persuasive influence strategies and relationship satisfaction.
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Ellis, Audrene Janell. "Influence of Collectivistic and Individualistic Values on Probation Officers' Retention." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7969.
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Probation officers are departing their employment before retirement at a high rate depending on the agency, location, and type of position, which impacts society. The cost associated with training a new officer could consume a large portion of an agency's yearly budget, leaving many inexperienced officers to supervise dangerous offenders and defendants. Thus, it is important to examine factors influencing retention such as whether individualistic and collectivist values predict a relationship between retention intent of probation officers. The purpose of this quantitative research study, guided by Hofstede's cultural theory, was to determine whether family embeddedness influences retention intent of probation officers. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the variables. The Sobel test was used to determine if family embeddedness mediated retention-intent. Federal probation and pretrial services officers (n=85) from 5 regions completed online survey questionnaires (Individualistic values scale, Employee Retention scale, Global Measure of Job Embeddedness, and Auckland Individualism and Collectivistic Scale). The results showed that family embeddedness is not a mediator for probation officers that possessed individualistic or collectivistic values. The social change implication of this study includes a recommendation for the development of an employee screening instrument that identifies employees' values to increase retention of probation officers, which can be used to select and train staff.
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Diaz, Eduardo Diego. "Identifying Functional Characteristics that Influence Team Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/259.
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Industry and research have shown that, in addition to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals, other factors play an influential role in the efficiency of a team. The research questions for this study examined the influence of functional characteristics, defined as the cognitive and evaluative processes such as intentions, emotions, planning, and perception that influence decisions, on team outcomes and the time it takes to complete a task. Using a quantitative, experimental research design, the research questions were grounded in personality systems interactions as the theoretical framework. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the hypotheses with an independent measure used to analyze 114 student participant responses to an online assessment and a team task. Results of a test of between-subjects effect identified their functional characteristic levels. Findings displayed statistical significance with main effect for (a) action orientation and (b) the time it takes to complete an assigned task, F(2, 57) = 3.24, p = 0.047. These findings could serve to decrease organizational costs such as those associated with human resource selection processes, team training, or team performance outcomes. The findings support positive social change by increasing social and behavioral psychologists' understanding of human-to-human behavioral interactions and the influence of functional characteristics on organizational teams.
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Comerford, Boyes Louise. "Signifying creative engagement : what is the influence of professional identity on the values that people ascribe to creative partnership projects in education?" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4452.
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This qualitative study examines the relationship between professional group belonging and what individuals deem valuable within the creative partnership projects they carry out together in schools. There were three consecutive stages to the research. The first stage was the phenomenographic analyses of interview transcripts from twenty three teachers and twenty three creative practitioners who partnered each other to run year long projects. The second stage was the aggregation of the resulting forty six analytic outputs into formats permitting inter-group comparisons to be made. This stage included three separate analyses: not only was an individual's professional group belonging shown to impact on what they deemed valuable, but partnership type, i.e. new versus established, also had a substantive impact. The influence of school type was examined and shown to have a lesser effect. The third stage was the use of formal, academic theories to interrogate trends appearing in the results: social identity theory and social representations theory, alongside discursive psychology and readings of identity from cultural studies, were mobilized as consecutive lens on the analytic outcomes. These theories were found to be apposite and a deeper comprehension of creative partnership dynamics was arrived at. This study evidences not only a difference between what teachers and creative practitioners respectively value, but shows how the application of theory is a valuable aid in understanding the variations. This represents a major contribution to the field as the use of formal academic theories does not, as yet, feature in the discourses underpinning creative partnership work.
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Arendse, Najuwa N. "Adolescents’ perceptions of the onset of their cigarette smoking behaviour and the factors that maintain their habit." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4027.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychTobacco smoking remains the largest preventable behavioural cause of chronic disease and premature death. Many people continue to engage in this behaviour, despite the well-known negative health consequences. The most common form of smoking is cigarette smoking, which is a type of risk-taking behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent among adolescents. Cigarette consumption rates are increasing among adolescents in various parts of the world; each year nearly a million adolescents start to smoke. This behaviour, if continued into adulthood, may lead to a range of debilitating diseases of lifestyle. In an effort to contribute to the success of adolescent smoking cessation programmes in South Africa, this study looks at the factors that motivate and support adolescents‘ decision to start and continue with their cigarette smoking behaviour. Utilising a qualitative framework, individual interviews were carried out with six boys and six girls from an English-medium high school within Cape Town. The participants‘ ages ranged from 16-18 years. Through the use of thematic analysis, the results show that adolescents smoking are not determined by knowledge, beliefs and attitudes alone, but by social and environmental influences as well. Risk and protective factors for adolescent smoking was identified on a psychological, physical, social/environmental level cross-cuttingly on the different stages of the smoking cycle. Of importance was the adolescents‘ common misinterpretation of 'smoking out of habit‘ for 'addiction‘. Essentially, this study focused on the importance of adolescent health and how it is affected by factors associated with tobacco use in South Africa. Therefore, a key recommendation of this study would be for these underlying risk and protective factors needs to be integrated to strengthen current smoking cessation programmes.
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Sharber, Shelli K. "Blogging and Tweens: Communication Portal to Reading Selection and Engagement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115155/.
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The ethnographic study utilized the research techniques of observations, content analysis, and semi-structured interviews with tween participants (i.e., 9 through 13 year-old youth) during an 8-week literary blog project. Twenty-six participants created individual blog pages within a member-only classroom blog site that allowed for online communication between members. the blog project incorporated social networking applications with which youth frequently engage. the research questions ensured data regarding what facets participants found appealing and motivating during the project was collected. the questions allowed for determining if participants utilized peer blogs for reading material selection or repurposed the blogs to discuss other topics. Components of self-determination theory and engagement theory underlay the project design and aided in identifying motivational aspects of the data. Frequency tables outlined the identified patterns and structures of participants’ online activity. Participants found the ability to change the colors of their blog backgrounds and to design their individual blogs and the giving and receiving of feedback to be the two most appealing features of the project. Participants chose books from peer suggestions in the online world but also selected materials from recommendations they received in face-to-face interactions with their peers, their teacher, and the school librarian. Little evidence of repurposing the blog for social topics was observed. Participants engaged in discussions predominantly based around the books they were currently reading or had read. Implications for incorporating social networking applications within the classroom environment are discussed.
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Smith, Marisa A. "“Dark-Skinned People Be Like”: How Colorism-Promoting Internet Memes and Audience Feedback Influence African Americans’ Intragroup Attitude and Perception of Skin – Tone Bias." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431002424.
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O'Donnell, Aisling Therese. "Who is watching you, and why? : a social identity analysis of surveillance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/90698.
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The underlying theme that draws together all the chapters presented in this thesis is that surveillance, like any feature of our social world, is not imposed in a vacuum; and that information pertaining to the origin and purpose of surveillance is vital in determining how it will be perceived and evaluated (and how it will then impact on behaviour). The key aims of this thesis are, first, to demonstrate how a social identity approach can account for varying reactions to surveillance originating from different sources; second, to investigate how various contextual features exert their impact, resulting in the disparate perceptions of surveillance that exist in our society; and finally, to demonstrate how the imposition of surveillance can itself impact on the broader social context, including the relationship that is understood to exist between those watching and those being watched. These aims are broken down into ten research questions that are addressed in seven chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on perceptions of surveillance and that on social identity, and attempts to illustrate how they may be theoretically combined, resulting in the advancement of both fields. In Chapter 2, we present two studies which demonstrate a negative relationship between shared identity and the perception of surveillance as an invasion of privacy. This relationship was mediated by perceptions that the purpose of surveillance was to ensure safety. In Chapter 3, two studies demonstrate how level of surveillance moderates followers’ responses to leaders with whom they either share identity, or not. Imposing high surveillance where identity was shared with a leader undermined perceptions of the leader as a team member and affected willingness to work for the group, reducing levels to that of leaders without a shared identity. Chapter 4 presents a study that aimed to investigate the role of social identity and surveillance in affecting both discretionary behaviour and task performance. High surveillance led to higher productivity on a task, but this was associated with lower quality of work. Additionally, when identity was shared with the person in charge, helping this person was detrimentally affected by high, as opposed to low, surveillance; whereas no such differences were found where identity was not shared. Chapter 5 presents two studies which showed that framing surveillance as targeting the in-group led to outcomes such as increased privacy invasion, lower acceptability of surveillance, and reduced levels of trust in the implementers of surveillance, as compared to when surveillance was framed as targeting an out-group. However, a third study failed to replicate these results. In Chapter 6, we address how level of threat in the environment can affect evaluations of surveillance. Two studies showed that high levels of threat led to surveillance being seen as less privacy-invading, more necessary, and as having a safety purpose. Finally, in Chapter 7, we review and integrate our findings, discuss the limitations of the research, and consider the implications it has, both theoretically and practically. We conclude that, overall, the findings presented in this thesis support the notion that the source of surveillance and the perceived purpose for it are integral to the perception and interpretation of the surveillance.
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Bukowski, Mark. "Men and College Enrollment: A Grounded Theory Study on Understanding how Gender Stereotypes Influence Men and Their Decision-Making." Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/48.
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The male to female gender gap in higher education continues to average around 40% to 60%. This is a significant societal statistic that will continue to define generations to come and influence the demographics of the workforce and social roles. This Conflict Resolution study strove to find an answer to what are the societal influences impacting male enrollment in a community college in southwest Florida and to explore the role of conflict in prospective male students’ decision-making related to higher education. This question was broken down into sub-areas involving gender roles and society. The study was conducted using a grounded theory approach with an intensive interviewing style. From a larger group of potential interviewees, 17 volunteer participants were selected. The selected participants were enrolled at a southwest Florida community college. As with a grounded theory study, initial coding was used to study fragments of data. This was followed by the second phase of focused coding. During the focused coding phase, the most significant and/or frequent codes were used to sift through and analyze large amounts of data. Memo writing was used to help informally track and chart the important records and data findings thus far in the research process. This study will help high school and college administrators better understand how young males can be better prepared to make a decision to go to college or how to skillfully identify another path to a meaningful life after high school without the conflict of societal views.
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Molzhon, Andrea. "Exploring the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Executive Function and Theory of Mind Skills of Preschoolers." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4226.
Full textAbstract:
Executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) skills develop rapidly during the preschool years and have been found to directly and indirectly contribute to school readiness. Evidence indicates that EF may influence ToM development, though this relation may not be consistent across children from different backgrounds. Additionally, socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to affect preschoolers’ EF, while the literature is mixed regarding the effects – if any – that SES may have on ToM development. Though the relation between EF and ToM appears robust across the literature, the possible effects of SES on this relation have yet to be fully explored. As children from low-SES homes are more likely to fall behind at the start of school, and this achievement gap is likely to widen through the school years, it is important to understand how the cognitive components that contribute to school readiness develop and are affected by SES so that we may work toward improving preschool education for children across all socioeconomic backgrounds. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether SES affected the relation between EF and ToM among urban preschool children (ages 3-5 years) from various SES backgrounds. In addition to examining the EF-ToM relation, relations among SES, general cognitive skills, EF, and ToM, as well as relations among age, EF, and ToM, were examined. Results from correlational and regression analyses indicated that SES was related to EF but not ToM, and that EF was not related to ToM after controlling for age. Inconsistent with the majority of previous findings, the results did not support the hypothesized link between EF and ToM. However, the findings from this study do add support to the large body of literature pertaining to the positive relation between SES and EF, and provide evidence that ToM may be relatively protected from the negative effects of low-SES among preschoolers. Results also support previous reports of large age-related changes in EF and ToM that occur during the preschool years. The implications for preschool development and education are discussed.
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Torstensson, Lillemor. "Kommunikation mellan företag : förutsättningar för bruket av sociala medier i en företag-till-företagskontext." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17290.
Full textAbstract:
The study examines how social media can be used in a business-to-business context. To understand the communication conditions, factors has been identified that affects the choice of communication channels for different types of information transferred between parts. Furthermore, the study investigates the underlying reasons for why certain communication channels are chosen before others, in different situations. The study results are based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with employees in a small engineering consulting company. The investigation has focused on employee communication and choice of communication tools primarily in relation to the business relationship. The study answers the following questions: What factors may contribute to the selection of different communication tools in business-to-business? What are the conditions and reasons for employees to use social media in business-to-business? What opportunities can social media pose for managing knowledge exchange with customers in business-to-business? The theoretical framework is based on Media Richness Theory and Social Influence Theory. The results show that factors that affect use of social media between businesses are 1) social environmental influences on attitudes towards social media (positive or negative), 2) individual analogue and digital values, 3) social media are primarily used in a private context 4) individual's role and level within the company. It is proposed that companies require strategies and increased knowledge to operate efficiently with social media in business to business. The results also shows that factors affecting the choice of communications channels between employees and business relationship are: 1) context-dependent, 2) the availability and accessibility, 3) the role and level in the company, 4) customer relationship development, 5) the information degree of ambiguity, 6) communication channel degree of "richness", 7) urgency, 8) confirmation of agreement.Program: Magisterutbildning i strategisk information och kommunikation
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Rule, Deirdre Margo. "Factors that influence the reporting of child sexual abuse amongst primary school teachers in South Africa: an application of the theory of planned behaviour." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24926.
Full textAbstract:
Child sexual abuse is a prevalent problem in South Africa – one in every three children is sexually abused before the age of 18. Sexually abused children have serious psychological, physical and social problems which cause further difficulties into adulthood. Most abusers are known to their victims and thus, victims do not always disclose the abuse. Therefore, the law compels the reporting of child sexual abuse suspicions by third parties. However, past research shows that mandated reporters do not always report child sexual abuse suspicions. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse amongst primary school teachers in South Africa. A cross-sectional research study, using self-administered survey questionnaires, was conducted amongst foundation phase teachers in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Grounded on the theory of planned behaviour, this study investigated the relationships between various independent variables with the teacher's intention to report child sexual abuse. The independent variables tested included the teachers' attitude towards reporting, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, knowledge on mandatory reporting, past reporting behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics of teachers. From a total population of 1118 public primary schools (and estimated 9542 foundation phase teachers), using stratified random sampling, a total of 2032 questionnaires were hand-delivered to 200 schools randomly selected across the Western Cape. A total of 399 foundation phase teachers participated in this study, representing a 20% response rate. This study found that about 25% of teachers had reported at least one case of child sexual abuse during their teaching career. About 7% of the teachers in this study had encountered instances in which they had failed to report suspected child sexual abuse. Subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (but not attitude towards reporting) was found to predict intention to report amongst teachers. A teacher who reported child sexual abuse in the past as well as a teacher with more accurate knowledge on mandatory reporting, was more likely to have intention to report in the future. Contrary to that posited by the theory of planned behaviour, attitude towards reporting did not mediate the relationship between past reporting behaviour and intention to report nor the relationship between knowledge on mandatory reporting and intention to report. The study further found that older teachers with more years teaching experience, although having a lower education level, were more likely to report their suspicions. Younger teachers, with less teaching experience, although better educated than their older counterparts, indicated less likelihood of reporting. The theory of planned behaviour, although significant, could not on its own effectively be applied to teachers' intention to report child sexual abuse and further investigation identified other explanatory factors that influenced teachers' intention to report. Given the high prevalence of child sexual abuse, the results have important implications. Whilst the teachers' age, years teaching experience or past reporting behaviour cannot be controlled, teachers must be adequately trained and supported. Knowing how to recognize and report child sexual abuse must be integrated into the tertiary education qualifications of student teachers as well as in continuing in-service training initiatives of current teachers. Furthermore, schools and the entire child protection system, must be supportive to teachers in their reporting duties.