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Paris, Bethany L. "INSTITUTIONAL LENDING MODELS, MISSION DRIFT, AND MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/9.
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Microfinance is a development tool used to reduce poverty among extremely poor households. Impoverished households can access lines of credit through microfinance institutions (MFIs), in order to create a new business, smooth household consumption, fund medical emergencies, etc. Many authors postulate that MFIs are drifting from a welfarist to an institutionalist approach to lending.
Using MIXMarket data on specific MFIs in 118 countries between 1995 and 2011, the average loan balance of these organizations will be regressed against measure of outreach and sustainability of these institutions by charter type through a series of four, fixed effects models. The main research question is: given that a positive, overall shift in average loan balance indicates an institutionalist shift in mission, how does this impact microfinance institutions and the demographics they target on the intensive and extensive margins? These analyses will test the theory that MFIs with larger average loan balances serve households closer to the subsistence poverty level, a manifestation of mission drift toward the institutionalist philosophy of lending.
The phenomenon of mission drift directly impacts the outcomes of microfinance institutions and the target demographic of the organization. The results of this study indicate that the mission of these organizations is drifting toward the institutionalist philosophy of lending. With this general result, mission drift can be observed within both the internal and external margins of the microfinance industry, which influences the chosen target market, profit generated, and structure of MFIs, as determined by the mission of the organization.
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Leung, Ambrose. "Delinquency, capital and social institutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60962.pdf.
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Ryan, Joe. "Art, institutions and social control." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5303/.
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This document charts my development as an artist over the last five years on the Professional Doctorate in Fine Art at the University of East London. It begins with a reflection on the work done on B.A and M.A. in Fine Art, at Middlesex University and the University of East London respectively. The origin of my work lies in traumatic and painful life experiences that at the time of their occurrence almost effectively ended my practice. In hindsight it is clear that these experiences have provided the continuing motivation for my research and art practice, as well as its content. The report presents in chronological order of my engagement with theories of the mechanisms of societal power and control, and describes the assimilation of these ideas into my developing visual projects. The report begins with the autobiographical background to my practice, followed by the Creative Practice and Theory section which contextualizes the different strands of my research, and concludes with my Professional Practice which outlines the artistic activities I embarked on during the five years of the doctorate programme.
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Brauer, Tony. "The equitable construction of social institutions." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262760.
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ZULETA, FERRARI MARIANA. "SOCIAL CAPITAL, TRUST AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215991.
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During the last decades there has been a growing perception that institutional frameworks, such as political regimes, the welfare state and economic systems, which had once been taken for granted, are now showing their flaws and inefficiencies. Nowadays, it is not surprising to read and feel that modern democracies are undergoing a crisis of trust in the institutions that once would have granted them stability. These circumstances have created a sense of uncertainty, discomfort and reaction from different societies. The implications of this situation on legal theory cannot be disguised. Some scholars have ventured in saying that such declining trust in institutions shows a failure of law, in the sense that the existent legal system has not been able to support or foster the legitimacy framework suitable for the efficient functioning of the public sector. In this sense, the present Ph.D. thesis proposes the social capital theory as an innovative approach to address the described circumstances, with particular focus on the issue of trust in legal institutions. To this end, the present thesis firstly analyzes the theory of social capital and its implications in modern sociology of law. Secondly, the social capital approach is applied to the study of the legal institutions in a concrete case: the Argentina case. In this sense, a specific quantitative survey on social capital, institutions, trust and law was carried out in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The results obtained provide a better illustration of the main hypothesis proposed in the initial chapters of the present work.
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Mariger, Heather Ann. "The Social Validation of Institutional Indicators to Promote System-Wide Web Accessibility in Postsecondary Institutions." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/903.
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The Internet is an integral part of higher education today. Students, faculty, and staff must have access to the institutional web for essential activities. For persons with disabilities, the web is a double-edged sword. While an accessibly designed website can mitigate or remove barriers, an inaccessible one can make access impossible. If websites that provide necessary information are not accessible, those with disabilities will be unable to independently complete their daily tasks or compete in the modern world.
Project GOALS (Gaining Online Accessible Learning through Self-Study) has developed a document outlining a set of four institutional indicators of Web accessibility. Postsecondary institutions can use this document in their efforts to ensure that online content is accessible to all users.
This dissertation evaluated the social validity of the document to determine if it was appropriate, understandable, usable, and satisfactory to provide a framework for implementing and promoting institution-wide web accessibility across a variety of demographic markers including job type (administrator, faculty, and technology specialist) and institution type (2- and 4-year).
Ninety-seven participants reviewed the document and completed an online survey. All four indicators with their subsequent benchmarks were found to be "good" or "very good" based on the evaluation criteria. Administrators rated the document somewhat lower than faculty or technology specialists. Participants from 2-year schools consistently rated the document higher than their 4-year counterparts. In general, the longer participants had been in their positions, the less favorably they rated the document.
The median ratings for all questions of appropriateness, understandability, usefulness, and satisfaction were a 6 or 7 on a 7-point scale across the board. This result would indicate that while different aspects of the indicator document may appeal to different groups, participant ratings across job and institution type show that these criteria achieve acceptable levels that validate the use of the indicators as a tool to assist institutions in their web accessibility efforts. This dissertation utilized the multiple-paper format recommended by the committee.
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Wang, Shun. "Social capital, institutions, and economic development in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43300.
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This thesis investigates the impact of social capital and institutions on economic development in China. Specifically, Chapters Two and Three address issues regarding social capital and cooperation, and Chapter Four studies the effect of a specific institution on economic status. In Chapter Two, I study whether social capital has an effect on household decisions to participate in Rotating Labor Associations (ROLAs) in rural China. I find that households in communities with higher levels of social capital are more likely to participate in ROLAs using household data collected from the Gansu province in China. The presence of village temple prior to 1949 is employed as an instrument for social capital. Numerous falsification exercises are performed to evaluate the efficacy of the instrumental variables approach. In Chapter Three (joint with Kathy Baylis and Yazhen Gong), we compare the effect of bridging versus bonding social capital on the management of a common pool resource. We develop a theoretical model and show that bonding social capital increases vulnerability to social sanction, while by giving communities an outside option, bridging social capital can reduce people’s vulnerability to social sanction, and reducing the enforcement capability of the community. However, bridging social might decrease people’s consumption by providing financial support to those who have few options to self-insure against risk. We then show that the empirical analysis using household level data on firewood collection from the Yunnan province in China supports the theoretical findings. In Chapter Four, I study the long-term impact of class identity (chengfen) on individuals’ income and households’ wealth in urban China. The Chinese government launched movements to make income and consumption in cities substantially homogeneous and assigned an inheritable class identity to each family in the 1950s. The government then implemented class-based discriminatory policies against the rich and middle class until 1978. This chapter shows that individuals with poor class origins have significantly lower income and family assets per capita than those from the rich class in 2002, however individuals with revolutionary background and Chinese Community Party (CCP) members from the poor class do not have lower income than those from the rich.
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Schmied, Julian. "Financial performance and social goals of microfinance institutions." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6769/.
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Critics argue that there has been a trend among Microfinance Institutions (MFI) to focus on profitability in order to stay financially sustainable. This made some institutions neglect the social mission of microfinancing. In this paper I intend to examine if empirical evidence supports this so called mission drift hypothesis as well as other claims in this context. Using the global panel data set of the MIX (Microfinance Information Exchange), which gathers from 1995 to 2010 and contains up to 1400 institutions with a high variety of organizational forms, I was able to identify a world-wide mission drift effect in their social goal of reaching out the poorest part of the population. Furthermore, I find that, on average, the outreach of an MFI has a significant negative influence on its short and long term financial performance. Despite that, I eventually proved that the probability that an MFI worsens its social performance substantially increases if its profitability has decreased in the previous years.Das Konzept der Mikrofinanzierung wurde, insbesondere im Zuge der Mikrofinanzkrisen in Asien und Südamerika zunehmend kritisiert. Dabei stand vor allem die Kommerzialisierung der Branche im Zentrum der Kritik. In dieser Studie soll daher unter anderem die sogenannte „Mission Drifts”-These also dass das eigentliche Ziel des Mikrokreditwesen aus den Augen verloren wurde, empirisch überprüft werden. Mit Hilfe des Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) Datensatzes, wurden Paneldaten von bis zu 1.400 Kreditinstitutionen, mit unterschiedlichen (Rechts-)formen, aus den Jahren 1995 bis 2010 ausgewertet. Die Regressionsanalyse hat gezeigt, dass Profitablität in der Tat einen negativen Einfluss auf das Ziel hat, möglichst arme Menschen zu erreichen. Auch der Trade-off zwischen der Reichweite von Mikrokrediten und kurzfristiger sowie langfristiger Profitabilität konnte nachgewiesen werden. Die Daten zeigten aber auch, dass Mikrofinanzinstitution dazu tendieren soziale Ziele zu vernachlässigen, wenn es im vergangenen Geschäftsjahr finanziell bergab ging.
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Paul, Bénédique. "Le capital institutionnel dans l'analyse du changement économique et social : application au secteur de la microfinance en Haïti." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10006.
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Les développements théoriques de l'économie (néo-)institutionnelle ont gagné récemment le débat sur le développement. En même temps, le rôle des institutions est progressivement intégré dans l'analyse des stratégies de développement. Notre recherche dont le champ empirique est le cas de la microfinance en Haïti s'inscrit dans cette optique. Elle part de l'idée que le changement économique et social à la base du développement implique l'articulation d'un ensemble d'actifs matériels et immatériels. Le développement apparaît alors comme étant le processus sinon le résultat de la mobilisation d'un ensemble de capitaux. Aussi, nous avons cherché à montrer que les institutions économiques qui structurent les interactions entre les individus constituent une forme de capital : le capital institutionnel. Appliquée à l'analyse de l'intermédiation microfinancière en Haïti, le capital institutionnel s'est révélé un élément déterminant dans la mise en oeuvre des stratégies de développement. Il apparaît comme un apport des organisations de microfinance. Il agit sur les comportements des bénéficiaires des services microfinanciers et se traduit par des conséquences économiques et sociales mesurables. A la lumière de preuves empiriques, nous sommes parvenus à la conclusion suivante : le capital institutionnel compte, à la fois comme outil analytique et comme actif véhiculé par les acteurs pour guider les comportements dans le sens du changement souhaitéTheories in (New) Institutional Economics won recently the development debate. Meanwhile, the role of institutions is being taken into account progressively in development strategies analysis. Our research in Haitian Microfinance follows the same logic. Its fundamental idea is that development implies economic and social change and this is the result of a pattern of material and immaterial assets. Then, development is viewed as the process or outcome from the interaction of several capitals. In this study, we show that economic institutions structuring relations between economic agents are constitutive of a form of capital: the institutional capital. With an analysis based in the Haitian microfinancial intermediation, we find that institutional capital is a determinant condition for development strategies implementation. In microfinancial intermediation, institutional capital is a production of microfinance organizations. It influences users' behaviors of microfinancial services and generates economic and social outcomes. The main conclusion of our study using empirical evidence is the following: institutional capital matters, either for analytic purpose or as an asset used by economic agents to modify behaviors for change
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Ibáñez, Díaz Marcela. "Social dilemmas : the role of incentives, norms and institutions /." Göteborg : Dep. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg Univ, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/555808858.pdf.
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Maitrot, Mathilde Rose Louise. "The social performance of microfinance institutions in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-social-performance-of-microfinance-institutions-in-rural-bangladesh(19928eac-5064-4610-b163-a852371cf7f1).html.
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Microfinance was rapidly hailed as a poverty alleviation tool by development agencies, researchers and practitioners. Despite the increasing capacity of MFIs to manage their financial sustainability, impact studies available report disappointingly low social achievements. Social performance assessment tools available struggle to combat a narrow MFI-centric approach which often overlooks contextual issues and institutional characteristics which can influence MFIs’ poverty reduction potential. This research’s main objective is to identify which and explain how organisational structures and management systems impact on MFIs’ social performance. This work uses a bottom-up research strategy, based on a 10-month extensive fieldwork in Bangladesh, a 490 household data-set, an ethnographic community study in Modhupur and institutional analyses of ASA and PDBF. It analyses the livelihoods, capitals and strategies of rural households in Bangladesh, explores their perceptions and experiences of microfinance and examines the management of socio-financial trade-offs within MFIs at different hierarchical levels. The research’s main findings seriously question the poverty reducing potential of standardised commercialised microfinance in settings characterised by vulnerability, shocks and seasonality, such as rural Bangladesh. It finds that although most MFIs have similar poverty reduction missions it is the way in which their organisational structures, managementsystems and working cultures are arranged that shapes their financial and social achievements. There is strong evidence that commercial MFIs can experience a silent practice drift at the field level in Bangladesh and that the commercialisation of MFIs provides strong incentives for the field staff to prioritise the achievement of their financial targets to the detriment of social performance, discouraging them from reporting low social performance. There are therefore few reasons why MFI senior managers should question their model and policies. This drift can manifest itself through malpractices hard-selling of loans, poor client selection and follow-up procedures, forcing clients into borrowing more and larger loans, using extreme forms of pressure through abusive language and behaviours and micro-collateral. This process usually has longer-term negative impacts on clients, especially the very poor who adopt successive short-term coping tactics to meet inflexible repayment schedules. This thesis concludes that commercial microfinance should not be targeted to the poorest and that more consideration should be given to clientselection and follow-up procedures. This thesis argues that the commercialisation of the global microfinance industry serves the interests of diverse stakeholders who contribute to maintaining the industry’s reputation though the media. This can be deemed an iceberg industry (that shows little of its actual workings and impacts to the public) which is sustained through considerable support from an increasing number of private investors for whom MFIs’ commercial expansion (regardless of its social achievements) serves their financial and political interests.
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Díaz, Marcela Ibáñez. "Social dilemmas the role of incentives, norms and institutions /." Sweden : Göteborg University, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/192042468.html.
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Russo, Alessia <1982>. "An essay on institutions and contracts for social welfare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4129/1/Thesis_AlessiaRusso.pdf.
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Russo, Alessia <1982>. "An essay on institutions and contracts for social welfare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4129/.
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Salimath, Manjula S. "Social institutions and culture as drivers of cross-national entrepreneurial activity application and extensions of Institutional Anomie Theory of Entrepreneurship /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/m%5Fsalimath%5F122605.pdf.
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Bunting, Lisa. "Measuring institutional change : the application of two theoretical models to two South African higher education institutions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13913.
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Bibliography: leaves 87-90.The purpose of this study is to compare and assess two theoretical models of higher education institutional change: the policy response and the adaptational model. The policy response model is essentially a measurement of policy impact, and through the application of an indicator framework allows the evaluation of the extent to which a higher education institution has applied a government policy directive. The adaptational model is based on the idea that institutional change can be explained in terms of the categorisation of the strategic choices an institution makes in order to adapt to and survive in a constantly changing environment. The application of the two models is demonstrated through case studies of two South African higher education institutions: the University of Port Elizabeth and Peninsula Technikon.
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Fujiwara, Hikojiro. "Culture, institutions and economic performance." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8282/.
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The role of cultural diversity in various aspects of society has been theoretically and empirically investigated. Prevailing measures of cultural diversity mainly focus on diversity of ethnicity, religion and language. However, there has been little discussion about diversity in human values. We construct cultural diversity measures based on human values and seek to examine its role in economic development. This thesis demonstrates the significance our measure plays in estimating the impact of formal institutions (rule of law) and informal institutions (respect for others) on economic performance.
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Clavesilla, Brooke J. "Intimate partner violence| Survivors' perceptions of experiences with social institutions." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527906.
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This study qualitatively explores women survivors of intimate partner violence and their perceptions of experiences with social institutions when seeking support. Specifically, this study explored their experiences with a) social service organizations, b) health care providers, c) law enforcement, and d) the judicial system, examining the differences between ethnic minorities and the dominant culture. While individual themes for helpful and unhelpful practices for service providers were identified for each institution, across all social institutions, common helpful practices included being resourceful and using an empowerment approach. Services that were considered unhelpful or influenced disclosure of abuse included lack of knowledge and understanding of how to serve survivors of intimate partner violence, victim-blaming, the fear of children being taken away, immigration status, indifference, and difficulty obtaining services. African American women reported being treated unfairly and community distrust.
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Johnson-Krojzl, C. "The social institutions of Turkish migrant workers in West Berlin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384752.
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Martinez, David. "Habermas's project of social criticism : between normativity, institutions and practices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68219/.
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This thesis maintains that Jürgen Habermas‘s moral and political theories rely on a modified version of Kant‘s notion of normativity. Taking this as a starting point, it examines this component in light of criticisms inspired by Hegel‘s critique of Kant. The thesis shows that Habermas can answer most of the criticisms that could arise from Hegel‘s critique. That said, Hegel‘s criticism of the will as a tester of maxims does apply to Habermas. This criticism states that Kant cannot connect the universal will of morality and the particular will of the empirical subject because he rules out particular contents as susceptible of being universalized. And it can apply to Habermas because he set strict limits to what can count as a content which may bleed into the justification of moral norms and, following Kenneth Baynes – in his interpretation of Habermas‘s theory –, of legal and political norms. To be justifiable, – according to Habermas – these norms need to embody generalizable interests and they cannot be based on particular interests. However, Habermas infers from this that norms can only be justified with impartial, that is agent-neutral reasons, and cannot be justified with agent-relative reasons. From this, emerges the question whether and to what extent a theory of this sort can successfully include particular contents (for example a particular agents‘ real interests, inclinations and needs). The strict version of the generalizability of norms seems to occlude this possibility. Nonetheless, it is possible to rebut this criticism by slackening the strong version of normative justification that Habermas has built into the theory. By means of an analysis of two elements that he incorporates into his reconstruction of the normative point of view, namely, the concept of ideal role taking and the notion of mutual recognition, it is possible to argue that the loosening of the strict notion of generalizability is a modification that does not contradict and actually coheres with Habermas‘s Kantian concept of moral reason, and this operation fortifies the theory in the face of the Hegelian criticism of the will as a tester of maxims. To develop these issues, this work is divided in two parts with two chapters each part. Part I is an analysis of Habermas‘s notion of moral reason and autonomy and it reconstructs its normative Kantianism. After that, it discusses Hegelian criticisms of Habermas‘s moral theory. Part II focuses on Habermas‘s political Kantianism in Between Facts and Norms and in the debate with Rawls and it examines Hegelian criticisms of that Kantianism.
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Young, Susan L. "Cross-National Differences in Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Apparel Industry." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345481244.
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Narkawicz, Melanie G. "Marketing Acceptance and Its Relationship to Selected Institutional Characteristics in Higher Education Institutions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1994. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2757.
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This study examined the level of acceptance of marketing by colleges and universities in the United States. It was based upon the "Four Stage Model Reflecting the Acceptance of Marketing in Higher Education Institutions" developed by Simmons and Laczniak (1992). The primary purposes of this study were to validate the model and to identify the operational level of marketing acceptance at colleges and universities. Secondary purposes were to determine if the level of acceptance differed according to source of control/affiliation (public v. private), highest level of degree awarded (associate, baccalaureate, master's, doctors), regional location, urban location, and institutional size. Variables were measured through a survey instrument developed by the researcher. A pilot test was conducted for reliability and validity testing of the instrument. It was then sent to a random sample of institutions which was chosen from the population of all nonproprietary colleges and universities in the United States. Responses from 243 institutions were used for data analysis. Major findings include: (1) stage completion was associated with the source of control (public v. private), a greater percentage of private institutions have completed each stage; (2) source of control/affiliation should be controlled for when comparing marketing of institutions; (3) most colleges have completed Stage One (marketing as promotion), with fewer than half completing Stage Two (marketing as market research), and about a quarter completing Stages Three (marketing as enrollment management), and Four (strategic marketing management); (4) there were no differences in stage scores based on the highest level of degree awarded, regional location, urban location, and institutional size when controlling for the source of control/affiliation; (5) the Four Stage Model has some validity, but more research is needed, particularly regarding the latter stages. Several recommendations were made. They primarily focus on the model, sampling and measurement, and future research needed on marketing acceptance.
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Orihuela, José Carlos. "Institutions and institutional change: rethinking the ‘resource curse’ from the news institutionalisms and the Peruvian experience." Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92375.
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The "resource curse" is a term that refers to a heterogeneous set of theories about why natural resource abundance undermines the path of a political economy. For each type of "curse", we argue that moving from asking "why" to consider "how" and "when" it permits a more refined conceptual and empirical approach to the link between natural resources and social change, be it economic or political development. Specifically, the micro study of actors and institutions in historical context sheds light on areas where aggregate macro statistical study cannot provide. To do this, the critical use of the conceptual frameworks of the new institutionalism in the social sciences enhances the depth of empirical research. The contemporary Peruvian experience shows the variety and variability of economic and political challenges of development based in resources.La ‘maldición de los recursos’ es un término que refiere a un conjunto heterogéneo de teorías sobre el por qué la abundancia de recursos naturales perjudica la trayectoria de una economía política. Para cada tipo de ‘maldición’, argumentamos que pasar del preguntar ‘por qué’ a examinar ‘cómo’ y ‘cuándo’ permite una más afinada aproximación conceptual y empírica al vínculo entre recursos naturales y cambio social, sea este el desarrollo económico o el político. Concretamente, el microestudio de actores e instituciones en contexto histórico aporta luces en áreas donde el macroestudio de agregados estadísticos no puede aportar. Para ello, el uso crítico de los marcos conceptuales de los nuevos institucionalismos en las Ciencias Sociales potencia la profundidad de la investigación empírica. La experiencia peruana contemporánea muestra la variedad, y variabilidad, de los desafíos económico-políticos del desarrollo basado en recursos.
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Sairally, Beebee S. "A study on the corporate social responsibility of Islamic financial institutions : learning from the experience of socially responsible financial institutions in the UK." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7851.
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In order to fulfill the Shari'ah objective of promoting the welfare of society, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are expected to consciously align their decisions and actions so that they are `socially responsible'. An integral policy approach towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) would constitute assigning explicit social objectives to IFIs over and above their economic, legal, Shari'ah, and ethical responsibilities. Alternatively, the task of undertaking socially-oriented projects could be argued to be a discretionary responsibility of IFIs, with the objective of CSR being sought merely as a peripheral practice. Recent debates on the evolution of the practice of Islamic finance highlighted the profit and economic efficiency motives of IFIs rather than a concern for socio-economic equity and welfare. A divergence between the economics literature on Islamic finance and the course taken by the practical field of Islamic banking and finance has been argued to be arising over the years. An assessment of this contention motivates this study. The study seeks to assess the Corporate Social Performance (CSP) of a sample of forty six financial institutions offering Islamic products (FIIPs), located worldwide, which have responded to a questionnaire survey and whose CSR practices have been further verified by content analysis. The findings revealed that the majority of the Islamic financial practitioners believed in attributing an integrated social role to FIIPs. However, the practices of the FIIPs reflected a more limited approach to CSR. Most of the FIIPs were observed to be focused on meeting their legal, economic and Shari'ah responsibilities, that is, were concerned with the goals of profit maximisation and for their transactions to meet Shari 'ah compliance. Concurrently, the study appreciates the lessons that can be learnt from the socially responsible financial (SRF) movement that has evolved in the West to promote ethical finance. The ethical worldview of these socially responsible financial institutions (SRFIs) is guided by secular humanistic values which are largely socially determined rather than being drawn from a religious philosophy. The CSR practices of twelve British SRFIs - comprising mainly banks and asset management firms - have therefore been critically analysed through content analysis of their published and electronic materials. The analysis revealed that a sophisticated understanding of CSR shaped the culture of SRFIs which have mostly embedded CSR within their business transactions. CSR constituted an integral, explicit and strategic decision of management, with appropriate management system in place and, in some cases, with indicators developed to assess CSR performance against planned targets.
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Schom, Anne-Clémence. "« L'institution suffisamment bonne ? » : à partir de la clinique quotidienne des pouponnières à caractère social." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB028.
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Face aux mouvements actuels dits de « désinstitutionalisation » et en référence aux propositions de nombreux auteurs faisant état de la faillite des métacadres et du mal-être contemporain, cette thèse se veut une étude et une exploration de ce qui persiste et survit de l'institution au quotidien dans les établissements du soin et du travail social. À partir de la clinique des pouponnières à caractère social, considérées comme des analyseurs potentiels et pertinents, nous avons proposé dans ce travail trois visions différentes mais complémentaires de l'institution et de ce qui fait institution en et pour chacun, collectivement et individuellement. Nous proposons ainsi de penser : - L'institution-environnement - L'institution comme un groupe - L'institution et les valeurs instituantes. Dans chacune de ces déclinaisons, nous avons travaillé les articulations à l’œuvre entre les sujets et les groupes, les réalités matérielles et psychiques, les imaginaires individuels et collectifs, etc. Nous avons également tenté de proposer des dépassements de certaines oppositions conceptuelles afin de promouvoir une pensée des articulations et maintenir un raisonnement processuel. À partir d'une épistémologie principale basée sur la psychanalyse des groupes, des familles et des institutions, nous nous sommes inscrit dans une recherche clinique qualitative intégrant et analysant les implications du chercheur à/dans ses terrains d'étude. Le recueil de données a été réalisé au sein de deux pouponnières durant une période de 3 mois pour chacune, avec une présence effective de deux jours par semaine minimum. Pour chacun de ces terrains d'étude, un dispositif méthodologique original a été conçu pour allier différentes sources de données (observation participante du quotidien institutionnel, observation des pratiques professionnelles dans les unités de vie, observation des réunions institutionnelles, entretiens individuels semi-directifs avec les professionnels des différents corps de métiers, lecture et analyse de documents institutionnels). La démarche de recherche a également bénéficié des apports d'une supervision individuelle afin de dégager et d'utiliser les ressentis, attitudes et contre-attitudes du chercheur au profit du recueil et de l'analyse des données. Parallèlement aux deux terrains d'étude, cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une Convention Industrielle de Formation par la REcherche (CIFRE) avec l'Observatoire National de la Protection de l'Enfance (ONPE, anciennement Oned). À partir de l'analyse de scènes et pratiques quotidiennes, les résultats de ce travail se veulent à la fois des apports complémentaires aux théorisations et conceptualisations déjà existantes, ainsi qu'aux pratiques de terrain déjà à l’œuvre. Si elles sont résolument ancrées dans le champ spécifique des terrains d'étude (les pouponnières et la protection de l'enfance), nous pensons toutefois que les propositions peuvent éclairer aussi avec pertinence l'ensemble des secteurs médico-sociauxFaced with current movements known as "deinstitutionalization" and in reference to the proposals of many authors on the failure of "metaframes" and contemporary disorder, this thesis is a study and an exploration of what persists and survives the institution in everyday life in care and social work institutions. Base on the example of institutionalized Foster Care on Babies (nursery), considered as potential and relevant analyzers, we have proposed in this study three different but complementary visions of the institution and of what makes it in and for each one collectively and individually. We propose to think: - The institution-environment - The institution as a group - Institution and institutional values. In each of these variations, we have worked the articulations between subjects and groups, material and psychic realities, individual and collective imaginaries, etc. We have also tried to propose the overtaking of conceptual oppositions in order to promote a reflection upon the articulations and maintain a dialectical reasoning. Starting from a main epistemology based on groups, families and institutions psychoanalysis, we entered into a qualitative clinical research integrating and analyzing the implications of the researcher to/in his study fields. The data collection was carried out in two nurseries during a period of 3 months for each, with an effective presence of two days per week minimum. For each of these fields of study, an original methodological device was designed to combine different sources of data (participative observation of the daily institutional, observation of professional practices in the units of life, observation of institutional meetings, semi-structured individual interviews with professionals from different trades, reading and analysis of institutional documents). The research approach also benefited from the contributions of individual supervision in order to identify and use the researcher's feelings, behaviors and counter- behaviors in order of collecting and analyzing data. In parallel to the two fields of study, this thesis was carried out within the framework of an Industrial Convention of Training by Research (CIFRE) with the National Observatory for the Protection of Childhood (ONPE, formerly Oned). From the analysis of everyday scenes and practices, the results of this work are intended to be complementary contributions to the existing theorizations and conceptualizations, as well as to the field practices already at work. If they are firmly rooted in the specific field of study areas (nurseries and child protection), we believe, however, that the proposals can also shed light on all the medico-social fields
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Rafanell, Irene. "The sexed and gendered body as a social institution : a critical reconstruction of two social constructionist models : Bourdieu's theory of habitus and the performative theory of social institutions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27229.
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By highlighting the embedded forms of social life contemporary debates in Social Sciences have made it necessary to newly explore two major binary oppositions, that of nature and society and structure and individual. In the current atmosphere of tension between constructivist and materialistic positions, it is fundamental to offer detailed analysis and definition of these core issues. The aim of this thesis is to explore new understandings of social constructionist accounts by focusing on sex/gender identity and critically comparing two constructionist views: Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and its core notion of habitus, and The Performative Theory of Social Institutions, the social theory of the Strong Programme, (a sociology of scientific knowledge developed by Barnes, Bloor). The Performance Theory claims that the realm of the ‘social’ is the result of the constitutive nature of self-referential performing practices (verbal or otherwise). Its basic tenet that social life is a collective achievement, that is, the result of the continuing realignment among individuals which occurs in the interactive, and its emphasis on the performative nature of the individuals’ self-referential inductive inferences, stands in stark contrast with that of Bourdieu’s notion of the stability of the habitus as the internalization of pre-existing macro-structures. I argue that whereas Bourdieu’s novelty is that he locates social effects at the level of the body, his theory, by envisaging this socialization as a Parsonian model of early internalization resulting in permanent fixidity, suffers from a macro-structuralist bais of ‘externality’. The Performance Theory, although not specifically concerned with the body, provides an analytical framework which resolves Bourdieu’s tacit reification of the ‘social’. By introducing Kusch’s notion of Artificial Kinds, closely connected with the main tenets of the performative theory of social institution, I develop a definition of an embodied habitus as a ‘social institution’, that is, as the result of the constitutive power of the dispositions, as a self-referential collective achievement, and to achieve a more accomplished synthesis of the dualisms individual/structure and nature/society.
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Di, Cataldo Marco. "Regional and local development in Europe : public policies, investment strategies, institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3715/.
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The development strategies being promoted in the EU – Europe 2020 and the 2014-2020 Cohesion Policy – aim to supersede the presumed incompatibility between efficiency and equity through a policy approach tailoring interventions to the key specificities of all territories, including the most disadvantaged. In this view, the socio-economic progress of lagging regions would help keeping under control any increase in inequalities potentially associated with the economic development process. However, the idea of promoting spatially-targeted interventions in economically backward areas has been conceptually questioned, and the effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy programme in poorer regions is yet to be convincingly proven. In the policy framework underpinning EU strategies, a key role is assigned to the quality of regional and local government institutions. Public institutions are conceived as instrumental for identifying and solving the bottlenecks inhibiting economic growth and perpetuating social exclusion in poorer places. Nevertheless, local governments may also be responsible for wastes and misallocations of financial resources. While theoretical contributions on the importance of government institutions for regional and local development abound, empirical evidence on their functioning is scarce. Through which mechanisms they influence the design and outcomes of public policies is unclear. Drawing from cross-country investigations and case-studies in the European context, the four quantitative studies composing this Thesis contribute to shed light on these related issues. Focusing on the United Kingdom, the first paper evaluates the economic and labour market impact of EU Cohesion Policy. Counterfactual analyses demonstrate that EU regional policies may have a beneficial impact on the labour market and growth path of peripheral regions. The study warns over possible negative repercussions of a discontinuation of EU financial support to poorer areas, a result of obvious relevance for the country after ‘Brexit’. By exploiting panel samples of EU regions, the second and third papers shed light on the role of government institutions for the returns of regional investments and for labour market and social conditions in Europe. The second paper examines the link between institutional quality, transport infrastructure investments, and economic growth. It shows that improvements in secondary (local) roads are conducive to a better economic performance only in presence of sound regional governments. The third paper investigates the extent to which the factors at the centre of European growth strategies – institutions, innovation, human capital and transport infrastructure – contribute to the generation of employment and to social inclusion in EU regions. The evidence produced suggests that regional government institutions have been essential to mitigate social exclusion issues in EU regions. The fourth paper focuses on Southern Italy to examine how public finances are distorted by ‘local governments captures’ operated by organised crime. Collusions between mafia and local politics have a significant impact on the selection of investments and on the collection of fiscal revenues. The local policy agenda is modified to the advantage of the interests of organised crime. Overall, the evidence emerging from this Thesis suggests that policy interventions have the potential to boost the economic and labour market performance of the less developed EU regions. However, any favourable policy outcome (both in terms of efficiency and equity) is conditioned by the competence and the goodwill of government institutions responsible for defining development targets and enforcing investment plans. When politicians are conditioned by illegal pressures from criminal groups, investment decisions follow special interests rather than general welfare goals. In turn, inadequate governance harms the economic impact of selected interventions. The results are particularly relevant for the lively debate, within economic geography, on the pre-conditions and policy measures enabling ‘smart and inclusive’ development at the sub-national level.
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Heijboer, Claire. "L'expertise usagère : un défi pour les institutions sociales et médico-sociales du 21ème siècle : l'usagent et le maïeuticien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1246&f=22902.
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L'action sociale et médico-sociale du 21ème siècle est en crise. Cette dernière s'origine dans le désajustement usager/institution qui s'est engagé de manière très visible dans ce champ social et médico-social dès le début des années 2000 avec la déflagration provoquée par la loi 2002-2 qui fait de la participation des usagers l'axe majeur de la rénovation - et donc du déséquilibre - des modes de gouvernance et du régime de légitimité des institutions de la solidarité à la française. La refondation de l'action sociale et médico-sociale par la participation des usagers à la vie des institutions qui s'est amorcée il y a 15 ans se fond dans le sens de l'histoire de notre démocratie moderne d'une égalisation en droit, en condition matérielle d'existence et aujourd'hui en reconnaissance citoyenne des individus. Produit - à la fois processus et résultat - de l'adaptation du travail social à la société moderne, cette refondation et les bouleversements institutionnels qu'elle dévoile renseignent sur la société des individus, des mouvements sociaux et des connaissances dans laquelle elle se déploie et permet de poser une question sociologique aujourd'hui fondamentale : comment les institutions de la solidarité s'adaptent-elle à la mise en réseau de l'individu, de ses cadres organiques de vie et à la montée des formes de participation sociale et citoyenne des minorités devenues centrales dans la formation du lien social aujourd'hui ?The 21st century's social welfare and medico-social action is going through a crisis, which is originated by the imbalance in the relationship between welfare institutions and their beneficiaries. This disturbance emerged quite clearly in the social and medico-social fields in the early 2000s in the wake of the watershed of the 2002-2 French piece of legislation. This law makes user's participation the major reform axis - and as such, a disturbance - of the governance system and the endemic legitimacy of the French institutions of solidarity. The rebuilding of social and medico-social action through users' participation in the care-providing institutions' day-to-day started fifteen years ago and is in keeping with the evolution of our modern democracy toward an equalization of legal and social rights and access to public ressources, today attempting to level out civic recognition of individuals. Being simultaneously a process and a product of the adaptation of social work to modernity, this reconstruction and the institutional upheavals it reveals provide information on a society of individual claim, social movements and shared knowledge. This society being the grounds on which the social work reconstruction is laying its foundations, it raises a fundamental sociological question today : how do traditional institutions of solidarity adapt to the global networking of individual life environments, and the increasing possibilities in terms of social and civic involvement from the minorities, which have become essential to social cohesion?
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Berlioz, Sophie. "Vers un réalisme social des êtres collectifs : du mode d'existence des objets sociaux, des institutions et des entreprises." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0106.
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Ce travail d'ontologie sociale porte sur la nature et la dynamique des collectifs sociaux tels que les objets sociaux ordinaires, les institutions, les entreprises. Il vise à comprendre si des êtres sociaux distincts des individus qui les composent peuvent exister et si oui, comment cette existence se manifeste. Plus précisément, il entend mettre au jour les liens qui existent dans la réalité sociale entre individus et collectifs à partir de l'examen du mode d'existence des objets sociaux et du mode d'être ensemble des collectifs. L'approche adoptée est réaliste : elle soutient que les objets sociaux et les institutions, même s'ils sont dépendants des êtres humains, impulsent des processus dynamiques, des interactions, voire des états qui sont réels et autonomes par rapport à nos manières de les penser. Pour comprendre cela, nous posons la distinction théorique entre deux types d'êtres sociaux collectifs. Les êtres collectifs de type 1 (EC1) correspondent aux objets sociaux collectivement reconnus : une entreprise, un billet de banque, une œuvre d'art. Les êtres collectifs de type 2 (EC2) correspondent aux groupes sociaux qui agissent, se coordonnent en vue d'un objectif commun, agissent et forment, sous certaines conditions, des agents collectifs. C'est le cas, par exemple, des entreprises ou de tout groupe organisé en vue d'une fin qui survit à la variation de ses membres. Après avoir successivement étudié la nature - mixité, rétroactivité, processus- et les modes d'existence - survenances-, de ces deux types d'êtres collectifs, nous montrons qu'ils sont étroitement liés dans les institutions. Les institutions sont à la fois un objet social collectivement reconnu et un lieu d'action collective. Nous montrons à partir d'analyses et d'exemples que la compréhension des activités qui y ont cours suppose la prise en compte de ces deux aspects. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail, les outils ontologiques dégagés dans les analyses précédentes sont appliqués à l'entreprise. Ainsi, nous proposons une ontologie de l'entreprise analysée comme organisation hiérarchique, lieu d'actions, de pouvoir, et de réseaux formels et informels. Les questions d'intégration des agents dans le tout qu'est l'entreprise, de la possibilité de la formation d'un agent collectif et enfin de la permanence de. L'entreprise dans le temps, font l'objet d'un examen détaillé permettant de dégager les propriétés fondamentales de cet être socialThis work in the area of social ontology concerns the nature and the dynamics of collective social entities such as, social ordinary objects, institutions and firms. The aim is to understand whether social entities that are distinct from individuals that make them up can exist, and if so how they can exist and be real. More specifically, the aim is to evidence the links within social reality between individuals and collectives, from an exploration of the modes of existence of social objects and modes of "togetherness" in collectives. Our approach is realist: we defend that social objects and institutions are mind-dependant, but that the dynamics and the interactions processes that it enables are real. For this purpose, we propose a theoretical distinction between two types of collective social entity. Typel collective entities (EC1) correspond to objects that are collectively recognised, such as firms, bills, work of art. Type 2 collective entities (EC2) correspond to groups of individuals who can associate, coordinate with a view to a common objective, and in certain conditions act as collective agents. For instance, it is the case for the business enterprises which survives to the substitution of its members. After successively considering the nature and modes of existence of these two types of collective entity (mixed compositions, retroactivity, processes) we will show that they are closely linked within institutions. Institutions are both social objects that are collectively recognised, and places of collective action. Using different analyses and examples, we will show that the understanding of the activities occurring within these settings requires two aspects to be taken into account. In the last part of this work the ontological tools identified in the earlier analyses are applied to the business enterprise, analysed as a hierarchical organization, place of power, action and formal and informal networks. The questions of integration of agents into the entity formed by the business enterprise, of the possibility of acting as a collective agent and of the sustainability of the business enterprise over time are also examined in detail, outlining the fundamental properties of this specific social entity
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Jarron, Christina. "More nearly social institutions legal regulation and the sociology of corporations /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/81460.
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"October 2008"Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology 2009.
Bibliography: leaves 273-293.
Introduction -- Patterns of corporate activity as patterns of corporate dominance: legal, organisational, and economic features of corporations -- Representations of corporate dominance in insidious injuries -- The legal basis of corporate dominance: History of the corporation -- Legal individualism and corporate personhood -- Theories of the corporation -- The legal regulation of corporations - corporate liability laws -- Conclusion.
Corporations are no longer simply a type of business structure; they are dominant social institutions. As institutions, corporations are archetypes of contemporary complex social organisation and should, therefore, be a central concern for sociology. Yet with few notable exceptions, sociologists have failed to address their increasingly dominant position in contemporary societies. In this thesis I argue the importance of a renewed sociological interest in corporations. This must acknowledge, but go beyond, the political-economic outcomes of corporations to address the profound consequences of the legal foundations of the corporate form. Corporations are created and regulated by legal doctrine; it is only with a legal mandate that corporations are able to act as employers, suppliers and investors. On this basis, I claim that any understanding of corporate dominance and its effects must commence with an appreciation of the laws that enable the corporation to exist and operate. -- While contributing significantly to wealth creation, corporate dominance also increases the potential for harm to occur to individuals and communities who fall within a corporation's scope. The contemporary proliferation of industrial illnesses is a prime example of this and is examined through a case study of the operations of an Australian asbestos corporation, James Hardie. This case study is timely and unique in its specification of the link between corporate activity and law in contemporary society. -- I argue that corporate activity such as that in the case study is enhanced and legitimated by the legal description of the corporation that assigns to it the capacities of a human individual through corporate legal personhood. Corporate personhood is examined as an example of the legal individualism endorsed in liberal common law countries. By exploring accounts of corporate structure, decision-making and work processes, I explain how the individualised description of the corporation is at odds with its collective realities; the largest and most successful corporations are collectives of human and monetary resources. -- In light of this, I question the extent to which the effective regulation of corporations can be achieved within existing legal frameworks. Building upon research into workplace health and safety in the United Kingdom, the regulation of workplace deaths in Australia is examined to demonstrate the various approaches to regulating corporations and to identify their shortcomings. This is a striking example of the problems law faces in regulating corporations by virtue of its individualistic design. -- The thesis concludes with an affirmation that sociology needs to grapple with issues of corporate activity and that an understanding of the legal basis of the corporation is the foundation of such studies.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
295 leaves
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Szymanska, Maria. "Elder abuse and neglect in institutions, recognition by social work practitioners." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ45159.pdf.
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Mani, Ankur. "Bilateral exchanges in social networks and the design of public institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91435.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2014.120
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [169]-180).
In this thesis, I study bilateral exchanges in social networks. I integrate the market based approach in economics and network based approach in sociology. I also give a joint model of externalities and peer pressure in networks and propose mechanisms to control externalities in networked societies. The study of exchanges in networks is big and growing. In this thesis, I focus on exclusive exchanges or matching in bipartite networks where the matched couples perform an economic exchange with each other. This thesis makes three contributions to matching theory. First, I relax the standard assumptions of costless transfers between matched couples and introduce a new algorithm to compute stable matchings or core with proofs of correctness and convergence. Second, I introduce a new distributed dynamics and show that it converges to stable matching. Third, I give an axiomatic characterization of fair outcomes in bipartite matching based upon a collective bargaining argument and give a fast algorithm to compute it. I also introduce a joint model of externalities and peer pressure in networks and propose new design of public institutions that are more efficient in the control of externalities in networked societies. The design principles I propose are well suited for environmental policies, and health policies. The same design principles can also be used for marketing and revenue management for products and services with network externalities. I demonstrate the efficiency of my policies in two experiments. The first experiment showed that my proposed policies give better outcome in promoting higher physical activity among people than traditional policies such as Pigouvian subsidies. The second experiment showed that my proposed policy can help promote energy conservation and I report much higher conservation than any achieved through price shocks or any other energy conservation experiment in my knowledge.
by Ankur Mani.
Ph. D.
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Matos, Luís André Pinheiro de. "Fiscal federalism, institutions and social capital : lessons from the italian mezzogiorno." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4964.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeuaThe aim of this paper is to investigate whether fiscal federalism can represent an effective barrier for regional development. We discuss the relationship between decentralization, lack of appropriate institutions and feeble economic growth, based on the existing literature. In order to identify the conditions that can hinder a successful progress towards fiscal federalism, we study the case of the Italian Mezzogiorno, exploring complementary ways to explain this reality. We review literature on fiscal federalism, institutions and social capital, and we critically discuss the previous findings, trying to disentangle the main features of this region that obstruct the possibility of looking at fiscal federalism as a good solution for development, without previous institutional improvements. Decentralization comes then as a potential danger, representing an additional problem rather than a solution to the region. We observe that the process of decentralization can be part of the explanation for the non-convergence of the Mezzogiorno, as it fostered the magnitude of low levels of institutional capacity and social capital of the region and turned them into an effective barrier to economic growth, creating a steady fiscal dependence and letting regional administrations exposed to free-riding, rent-seeking and corruption. In this vein, we suggest a set of substantial institutional and economic reforms. The lessons from this case study can be useful for assessing the potentials and bottlenecks of Portuguese regions’ economic development.
O presente estudo tem como objectivo averiguar em que medida poderá o federalismo orçamental representar uma barreira efectiva ao desenvolvimento regional. Debatemos a relação entre descentralização, carência de instituições apropriadas e frágil crescimento económico, com apoio na literatura existente. A fim de identificar as condições que podem obstruir um avanço próspero em direcção ao federalismo orçamental, estudamos o caso do Mezzogiorno italiano, explorando diversas formas de explicar esta realidade. Revemos a literatura sobre federalismo orçamental, instituições e capital social, e discutimos criticamente os resultados anteriores, tentando discernir as características essenciais desta região que possam obstruir a possibilidade de olhar para o federalismo orçamental como uma solução para o desenvolvimento, na ausência de melhorias institucionais prévios. A descentralização apresenta-se assim como um perigo potencial, representando um problema adicional e não uma solução para a região. Observa-se que o processo de descentralização pode ser parte da explicação para a não-convergência do Mezzogiorno, tendo sustentado a magnitude dos baixos níveis de capacidade institucional e de capital social da região, tornando-os numa barreira efectiva ao crescimento económico, criando uma dependência orçamental firme e deixando as administrações regionais expostas ao free-riding, ao rent-seeking e à corrupção. Nesta linha de entendimento, sugerimos um conjunto de reformas substanciais, no plano económico e institucional. As lições deste estudo de caso poder-se-ão demonstrar profícuas para avaliar as potencialidades e os riscos para o desenvolvimento económico das regiões portuguesas.
La présente étude vise à enquêter si le fédéralisme budgétaire peut constituer une barrière effective au développement régional. La relation entre décentralisation, défaut d’institutions appropriées et croissance économique faible est débattue, sur la base de la littérature existante. Afin d’identifier les conditions qui peuvent prévenir un progrès fructueux dans la direction du fédéralisme budgétaire, le cas du Mezzogiorno italien est étudié, en explorant des moyens complémentaires d’explorer cette réalité. Nous passons en revue la littérature sur le fédéralisme budgétaire, les institutions et le capital social, et les résultats précédents sont discutés de manière critique, en essayant de percevoir les principales caractéristiques de cette région qui puissent obstruer la possibilité de considérer le fédéralisme budgétaire comme une bonne solution pour le développement, sans des améliorations institutionnelles préalables. La décentralisation apparait alors comme un danger potentiel, représentant un problème additionnel plutôt qu’une solution pour la région. Nous observons que le processus de décentralisation peut être une partie de l’explication pour la non-convergence du Mezzogiorno, étant donné que ceci a soutenu les bas niveaux de capacité institutionnelle et de capital social de la région et les convertis en effectives barrières à la croissance économique, créant une dépendance budgétaire constante et laissant les administrations régionales exposées au free-riding, au rent-seeking et à la corruption. Dans cette optique, nous suggérons un ensemble de substantielles réformes institutionnelles et économiques. Les leçons de cette étude peuvent être utiles pour évaluer les potentiels et les risques au développement économique des régions portugaises.
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Tai, Hing Paul. "A framework to implement social entrepreneurship activities in higher education institutions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15923.
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The development of social enterprises are recognised by the broader community as an effective tool for addressing social problems. As a result, the development and emergence of social enterprise sectors have taken various paths in different geographic regions in the world. For the African context, the withdrawal of funding from the state as a result of external conditions imposed by foreign actors as well as the institutional support provided by foreign aid organisations were the key drivers behind the emergence of the social enterprise sector in Africa. Within the South African context, job creation and poverty alleviation are pressing priorities, both politically and economically, so providing an environment that is conducive for the development of social enterprises or social entrepreneurship. Implementing social entrepreneurship activities in higher education is important as universities are under increasing pressure to become responsive to student needs, and there is a growing scrutiny of their engagement, supportive, and economic role in local communities. By supporting local communities, institutions can broaden the student experience and create an economic impact. In addition, as the student experience entails more than curricular learning opportunities, social entrepreneurship practices are an important dimension for higher learning. This study used a series of case studies of social entrepreneurship projects that were implemented in the classroom of the first and second year Management students on the 2nd Avenue Campus of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). These case studies highlighted the possibilities of how classroom space and students can be utilised to set-up social enterprises to improve the conditions of the many disadvantaged and disenfranchised communities within which the university functions. At the same time, learning takes place through the practical application of the theory taught in the classroom. From the seven case studies highlighted in the study, a framework was developed to implement social entrepreneurship activities in the context of higher education. This framework includes five steps, namely, motivation and inspiration to develop social enterprises in the classroom, student involvement in creating and developing a product for sale, use of appropriate teaching strategies to provide the learning experience, provision of adequate mentoring and control of the social enterprises and, finally, assessment of the social enterprises. With the funds generated from the projects, communities benefited, for example, the upgrading of community facilities. Educators in higher education institutions are responsible for developing future business leaders. Given the increasing importance of social issues, especially poverty, this educational experience ensured that the students were made aware of the importance of using the powers yielded by business to solve some of these social issues, and thus contribute to the improvement of the South African economy. As a result, social entrepreneurship has a role to play in addressing social and economic issues. For example, the entrepreneurship part of the business will help to alleviate the unemployment strain placed upon the South African economy, whereas, the social part of the business will assist in alleviating poverty. Regarding the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities within the environment of higher education, it is evident from the case studies that successful social enterprises can be established within the classroom and sufficient funds generated to effect positive change within disadvantaged communities. Other higher education institutions in South Africa may find the implementation of social entrepreneurship activities more problematic as they might not possess a similar university culture as the NMMU.
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Ucer, Ahmet Suheyl. "The role of public institutions in creating social capital : Turkey's experience." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383994/.
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Rusakova, Y. "The role of organizational culture in the work of social institutions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46901.
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The successful development of any social institution is impossible
without systematic renewal, establishing relationships in the team, without
a clear mission. So an organizational culture plays very important role in
the work of any company and organization.
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Ozernova, Elizaveta. "Equally (mis)trusted? Trust in Media and Trust in Social Institutions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414747.
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The phenomenon of media trust has been on the agenda of researchers for a long time. Today, with the growing amount of information and sources of information in the era of post-truth, the issue of trust in the media is becoming even more relevant. The previous research in this regard was presented by case studies and comparative studies of democratic, most often European states and the USA. The goal of this study is to look at the phenomenon of trust in the media through the prism of political regimes, democratic and undemocratic. The study aims to answer two research questions: What is the relationship between trust in media and trust in social institutions in different regimes? What affects media trust in different regimes? The theoretical framework is built, first, on the individual-level characteristics of people and how they affect media trust. And second, on the institutional theories that claim that the system in which individuals live also affects their level of trust. The World Value Survey data is used in the analysis. There are several important findings that the research makes. There are no clear patterns regarding the variation of media trust depending on a political regime. Trust in media and trust in social institutions correlate in both regimes, but more strongly in non-democracies. The same individual-level characteristics affect trust differently depending on the regime. Out of all the macro-level variables only perception of corruption seems to influence media trust.
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Abdelnour, Samer. "Actorhood and institutions : three studies of social intervention in the Sudan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3143/.
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This thesis consists of three studies of social intervention in Sudan. The first offers a critique of institutional voids, a concept used to describe contexts lacking neoliberal market institutions, intermediaries, and practices. Notions of voids underpin much liberal peace thinking and justify postwar interventions that seek to build institutions to support peace and recovery. Similarly, the concept of voids is increasingly used in management and organization studies to describe emerging market and poverty contexts. The question 'What institutional arrangements exist in institutional voids?' motivates an in-depth examination of a state-led intervention to remobilize thousands of fighters through agricultural cooperatives in the Blue Nile. The analysis suggests settings conceptualized as 'voids'are in fact rich in state institutions, bureaucracy, and disinterested agency.' The second study employs the institutional theory notion of actorhood—templates of social identities, roles, and practices—in a thematic analysis of a postwar intervention to reintegrate thousands of fighters using agricultural cooperatives in the Blue Nile. The analysis points to a postwar professions narrative, where formerly warring actors adopt new roles as agents of development and former combatants are reclassified as beneficiaries. Postwar intervention resources, such as tractors, finance, and the cooperative enterprise model are theorized to be institutional anchors, or techniques for organizing specific practices. Findings also point to a postwar intervention paradox: though institutional anchors may be effective for promoting new social practices, they risk reproducing institutional inequalities in intervention settings. The third study critically deconstructs how a simple domestic technology—fuel-efficient stoves—came to be promoted a global solution to sexual violence in conflict zones. Using the concept of problematization—the process linking problems with solutions—as an analytic tool in combination with a discourse analysis of humanitarian advocacy documents. The analysis reveals a set of racial, spatial, gendered, and interventionist frames that enable stoves to emerge a viable intervention to reduce sexual attacks against displaced women and girls, first in Darfur then globally. This study postulates a significant role for advocacy and discourse-infused technology in the emergence of humanitarian 'solutions' and the unintended consequences for beneficiaries.
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Skyrme, Julian. "Contextual admissions and social justice in selective English higher education institutions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contextual-admissions-and-social-justice-in-selective-english-higher-education-institutions(fe04df15-04f1-4259-a26e-74c34c3bab6c).html.
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The policies that higher education institutions (HEIs) operate when choosing whom to select for admission raise profoundly important issues of social justice. Until recently, HEIs in England have selected applicants for admissions offers primarily on predicted and actual examination achievements. However, newer approaches to selection called ‘contextual admissions’ have emerged in some HEIs that attempt to view the examination achievement of applicants in a wider social context. For example, an increasing number of England’s most selective HEIs are prioritising admissions offers to applicants from less advantaged backgrounds, such as state schools students or those living in areas of low participation in higher education (HE). Despite increasing attention by government and HEIs to enhance ‘fairness’ in admissions through the use of contextual admissions policies, academic studies of this important phenomenon are curious by their absence. Using a policy scholarship approach, this study explores, describes and explains the contextual undergraduate admissions policies of England’s most selective HEIs in relation to the concept of social justice. Documentary content analysis of the policies of 20 English universities in the Russell Group is employed to originate an ideal-type classification system for how selective HEIs are enacting social justice through contextual admissions. Drawing principally on the work of Sharon Gewirtz and Alan Cribb, in-depth interviews with senior policy actors and qualitative documentary analysis are used across three purposively selected sites to suggest social justice can be thought about in three ways. Firstly, it is a multi-dimensional concept (having distributive, cultural and associational forms) where different dimensions can conflict with each other. Secondly it is mediated by structural constraints and other norms, which limit the pursuit of justice. Thirdly, it is context- and level-dependent. This study suggests that no philosophical resolution can be found for what counts as social justice in contextual admissions. Instead, justice in admissions should be understood in its real contexts of enactment and through its propensity to provide empirical outcomes in admissions-offers for less advantaged students that are at least equivalent to their more advantaged counterparts. A number of macro, meso and micro-level factors, that enable or constrain the pursuit of just outcomes for less advantaged learners through contextual admissions, are suggested. These provide the basis for a fruitful range of new potential quantitative and qualitative studies by scholars of social justice, stratification and mobility to an important but under-researched area of education policy.
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Hansson, Johanna, and Scala Dan Spinelli. "Social Adjustment at a Decentralized EU Institution." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106970.
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This study investigates which out of seven predetermined factors influence the social adjustment of expatriates at a decentralized EU institution. Much of the existing literature that deals with expatriate adjustment departs from the assumption that the expatriates are entering an organization which is greatly influenced by the culture and customs of the country in which it is located, and that the expatriate is in minority in terms of nationality. In the decentralized EU institutions on the other hand (1) the culture of the organization and host country are markedly different from each other, and (2) the organization consists of mostly expatriates rather than host country nationals.
Three sources of data are used; secondary sources, questionnaires and interviews. The results show that all seven factors which were investigated to some extent influenced social adjustment. The unique nature of the decentralized EU institutions could be the reason to why organizational cultural novelty was perceived as more important for interaction adjustment and general cultural novelty more important for general adjustment. The unique nature also could also be the reason to the negative relationship between spouse adjustment and general adjustment, possibly because the expatriate families are more inclined to live in an international "bubble" when both work and social connections are multicultural.
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Anderies, John M., Marco A. Janssen, and Edella Schlager. "Institutions and the performance of coupled infrastructure systems." IGITUR, UTRECHT PUBLISHING & ARCHIVING SERVICES, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622578.
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Institutions, the rules of the game that shape repeated human interactions, clearly play a critical role in helping groups avoid the inefficient use of shared resources such as fisheries, freshwater, and the assimilative capacity of the environment. Institutions, however, are intimately intertwined with the human, social, and biophysical context within which they operate. Scholars typically are careful to take this context into account when studying institutions and Ostrom's Institutional Design Principles are a case in point. Scholars have tested whether Ostrom's Design Principles, which specify broad relationships between institutional arrangements and context, actually support successful governance of shared resources. This article further contributes to this line of research by leveraging the notion of institutional design to outline a research trajectory focused on coupled infrastructure systems in which institutions are seen as one class of infrastructure among many that dynamically interact to produce outcomes over time.
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Cheng, Wai. "Development without slums : institutions, intermediaries and grassroots politics in urban China." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3244/.
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This thesis studies the institutional foundations and micro-mechanisms by which social order is regulated and public goods are delivered in China’s urban grassroots communities. This study is motivated by the seemingly deviant phenomenon that massive internal migration and rapid urbanisation during China’s market reforms have not resulted in chaotic and familiar third world urban diseases. Instead, relatively governed, less contentious, highly dynamic yet ultimately soft migrant enclaves contrast sharply with what often feature most developing countries. Based on the case studies of four urban villages – which categorically housed the majority of China’s 274 million rural migrants – I trace the interplay among the remaining socialist institutions, dominant market forces and various intermediaries in managing migrant contestation and serving state functions. I consider both objective criteria and migrants’ perceptions to explain why China’s migrant enclaves demonstrate distinct characteristics compared with the migrant enclaves in many developing countries. I also consider why China’s migrant enclaves share similar patterns of transformation with its formal cities. The findings contest the conventional approaches that are used to explain China’s structural stability and territorial cohesion despite local disturbances and conflicts, which are mainly attributable to the authoritarian regime, state corporatism or an underdeveloped civil society. Although China’s land, danwei and hukou systems are nationally configured, I argue that these institutions are also conducive to protecting an intermediate realm that comprises residential committees, joint-stock companies and clan associations by providing a safety valve and nurturing localised engagements. I then examine how these intermediaries have adopted coercion, patronage and exit-point mechanisms to deliver public goods, enforce communal order and broker urban renewal through less coercive and predatory means. I further assess the ways in which these engaging but parochial, resourceful but dependent, and exclusive rather than inclusive intermediaries have mediated the boundaries between despotic power and infrastructural power and among state agenda, market forces and grassroots interests. This thesis thus re-visits China’s authoritarian resilience concerning not only how migrant contestation is managed but also what institutions and mechanisms are most effective to articulate multiple interests and ensure social compliance during the processes of urbanisation and decentralisation in the absence of electoral politics.
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Lundgren, Frans. "Den isolerade medborgaren : liberalt styre og uppkomsten av det sociala vid 1800-talets mitt /." Hedemora : Gidlund, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391432973.
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Martin, Robin. "African American Leadership in Urban Institutions of Higher Education: A Case Narrative of the Social, Cultural, and Institutional Impact of an Individual Leader at a Historically White Institution." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368024654.
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Perez, David M. "Native Subordination Through The Franciscan Institutions During The Sixteenth Century." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/189.
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My thesis, building on over two centuries of scholarly research on colonialism and evangelism in Mexico, seeks to heighten the visibility of the Franciscan order in New Spain. I intend to clearly establish how the Virgin de Guadalupe’s influence on native conversions was mediated through, and controlled by, the Franciscan institutional systems between 1523 and 1572.
Many scholars have argued that the most influential factor in converting the Nahua populations was the apparition of the Virgin de Guadalupe, in 1533. These scholars have argued that at the time of her appearance the conversion of the country had been incomplete, but following her appearance Guadalupinist Catholicism spread rapidly in Central Mexico and became the “focal value of Aztec culture” (Madsen 1967, 378), resulting in some nine million baptisms by 1537.
Although the Virgin de Guadalupe proved to be a substantial contributing factor for conversion in New Spain, I will argue that these scholars have given disproportionate emphasis to the Virgin, in the process neglecting the institutional systems implemented by the Franciscans between the years of 1523 and 1572.
This thesis will discuss the desire of the Franciscan administration to establish a moral order, defined by leading scholar of Globalization Christopher Chase-Dunn as, people’s agreements about definitions of right and wrong, obligations, and legitimate conflicts (Chase-Dunn 2014, 176). Using Michel Foucault’s theories about power and the subjected I will expand on this definition and argue that the moral order helped define the relationship and the roles of the Franciscans and the Natives; the Franciscans becoming the administrators of a new society that they largely defined and managed, while using the institutions they developed as tools of social regulation and control to produce docile native subjects, deprived of a unique cultural heritage.
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Veselov, Dmitry A. "Private interests, endogenous institutions and Schumpeterian growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010045.
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Cette thèse étudie les effets des régimes politiques et de l'inégalité socioéconomique sur les institutions économiques et la croissance. Le chapitre 1 considère une version du modèle d'échelles de qualité avec des agents hétérogènes dans le niveau de richesse, de revenu et de savoir-faire. Les instruments de politique économique incluent des barrières à l'entrée sur les marchés des biens et le niveau de la redistribution. Trois types d'équilibres politiques sont considérés. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'effet de la démocratisation sur l'émergence des barrières à l'entrée et la redistribution des revenus. On montre qu'une distribution plus égale du pouvoir politique parmi les individus diminue les barrières à l'entrée seulement si les savoir-faire sont à un niveau élevé et si l'inégalité des savoir-faire et des revenus est faible. Le cas contraire, où les plus riches et les plus pauvres constituent une majorité, conduit à une redistribution élevée, mais aussi à la présence des barrières à l'entrée. Ce chapitre peut expliquer les trajectoires différentes de pays en cours de démocratisation. Le chapitre 3 considère un modèle de croissance endogène, qui décrit la transition de la stagnation pré-industrielle à une croissance stable. Selon le modèle, la qualité des institutions économiques est déterminée par le conflit entre les deux composantes de l'élite (propriétaires fonciers et capitalistes). Le modèle explique les sources politiques de la stagnation et de la croissance, ainsi que la relation entre le conflit social et le développement pendant la période de transitionThis thesis studies the effect of political regimes and economic inequality on the level of barriers to entry, redistribution, and economic growth. Barriers to entry are economic institutions, which protect incumbent firms from competition with new entrants. This is one of the form of economic institutions, which provide gains for a narrow group of agents at the cost of economic efficiency. In Chapter 1 I consider the problem of finding sufficient conditions for political support of liberal, growth-enhancing policy in a quality-ladders model with heterogeneous agents differing in their endowment of wealth and skills. The policy set is two-dimensional: agents vote for the level of redistribution as well as for the level of entry barriers preventing the creation of more efficient firms. I show that under the majority voting rule there are three possible stable political outcomes: full redistribution, low redistribution and free entry (liberal order), high redistribution and high barriers to entry (corporatism). Key variables that determine political outcome include an expected gain from technological adoption, the ratio of total profits to total wages, and the skewness of skills distribution.Chapter 2 extends the analysis of the previous chapter by considering the effect of democrati-zation on barriers to entry and economic outcomes. Democratization shifts the political power from the narrow class of wealthy elites to a broader group of agents. Even if political institutions change towards democratization, under certain conditions this leads only to the rise of redistribution, rather than to the elimination of barriers to entry. This argument is particularly relevant for countries with low human capital level and high inequality in incomes and skills.Chapter 3 considers the two-side relationship between the level of industrialization and the quality of economic institutions, which stimulate the technological adoption and growth. It provides a simple two-sector endogenous growth model of transition from pre-industrial stagnation to modern economic growth regime. The model underlines the role of political conflict between new elite (capitalists) and old elite (landowners) during the whole period of transition. The level of efforts in the political conflict is chosen endogenously by both groups. The model generates a long period of stagnation with a low-intensified conflict between capitalists and landowners, which is followed by industrial revolution with high conflict intensity and higher probability of institutional changes. The model describes political origins of stagnation and growth and interconnections between the political conflict and economic structure
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Hong, Sounman. "Online Institutions, Markets, and Democracy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10370.
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In this dissertation, I explore the implications of the advances in information and communication technology on democracy. In particular, I examine the roles of online institutions—search engines, news aggregators, and social media—in information readership and political outcomes. In Chapter 1, I show that information consumption pattern is more concentrated and polarized in online news traffic than in offline newspaper circulation. I then show that this pattern occurs not because online traffic better reflects people’s demand, but because online institutions generate a cascade. Using this evidence, I argue that online institutions produce a trade-off between the benefits involved when people access information and the costs of the cascade. In Chapter 3, I compare information consumption pattern on various online institutions. In Chapter 2, I explain why the cascade may become increasingly significant over time. An increase in Internet users suggests not only a reduced digital divide but also an even more concentrated and polarized online information consumption pattern as, ceteris paribus, the magnitude of the cascade will increase with an increase in the number of Internet users. I then empirically show a positive association between the traffic to an online institution and the estimated magnitude of the cascade observed on that site. In Chapter 4, I show that the observed concentrated and polarized online information consumption may affect political outcomes. For instance, if such an information consumption pattern affects political behaviors, we can expect the same pattern in measurable political outcomes. I test this prediction by investigating the association between U.S. Representatives using Twitter and their fundraising. Evidence suggests that, after politicians started using Twitter, their individual collected contributions became more concentrated, ideologically polarized, and geographically diverse. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for political equality, polarization, and democracy. In sum, online institutions may result in political outcomes becoming more concentrated and polarized. Given that a significant part of the observed concentration and polarization can be attributed to the cascade effect, this paper challenges the notion that Internet-mediated political actions or communications will necessarily promote democracy.
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Abrutyn, Seth Brian. "A general theory of institutional autonomy." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1871850211&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 425-458). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Zergawu, Yitagesu Zewdu. "Empirical Essays on the Political Economy of Heterogeneity, Migration, and Institutions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664783.
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Aquesta tesi es compon de quatre assaigs empírics que estudien l'economia política de l'heterogeneïtat social, la migració internacional i la qualitat institucional. El primer assaig analitza l'impacte dels xocs de preus dels productes bàsics i l'heterogeneïtat social sobre la incidència de conflictes civils. Amb l'ús de dades del panell per als països en desenvolupament, aquest assaig mostra que els xocs dels preus dels productes bàsics influeixen en els conflictes intraestatals en relació amb les estructures de diversitat social preexistents, així com els tipus de productes bàsics. El segon assaig analitza les tendències de la migració internacional centrades en els immigrants africans a Europa. Mitjançant dades de panell sobre migració bilateral, es mostra que els fluxos migratoris estan determinats per factors polítics i socials, a més de factors econòmics. Els resultats suggereixen que les intervencions polítiques per part de la Unió Europea i l'associació amb països africans haurien d'abordar els factors polítics i socials, a més dels econòmics, per gestionar les migracions internacionals. El tercer assaig examina l'impacte conjunt del capital d'infraestructura i la qualitat institucional en el creixement econòmic mitjançant un gran conjunt de dades de 120 països. Els resultats mostren que els termes d'interacció entre el capital d'infraestructura i la qualitat institucional tenen un impacte positiu i significatiu en el creixement econòmic. Això posa de manifest el paper de la qualitat institucional en la productivitat econòmica del capital d'infraestructura. Finalment, el quart assaig, que és un treball en curs, examina com els emigrants – concretament els emigrants africans, en aquest context – afecten l'estabilitat política i les reformes institucionals dels seus països d'origen. Junts, aquests assajos contribueixen a comprendre els conflictes civils, la migració internacional i la qualitat institucional en contextos caracteritzats per relacions multilaterals entre països.Esta tesis comprende cuatro ensayos empíricos que analizan la economía política de la heterogeneidad social, la migración internacional y la calidad institucional. El primer ensayo analiza el impacto de los choques de precios de los productos básicos y la heterogeneidad social en la incidencia de conflictos civiles. Utilizando datos de panel para países en desarrollo, este ensayo muestra que los choques de precios de productos básicos influyen en los conflictos intraestatales en relación con las estructuras de diversidad social preexistentes, así como los tipos de productos básicos. El segundo ensayo analiza las tendencias de la migración africana internacional hacia Europa. Usando datos de panel sobre migración bilateral, se muestra que los flujos migratorios están determinados por factores políticos y sociales además de factores económicos. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones políticas de la Unión Europea y la asociación con los países africanos deben abordar los factores políticos y sociales, además de los económicos, para gestionar las migraciones internacionales. El tercer ensayo examina el impacto conjunto del capital de infraestructura y la calidad institucional en el crecimiento económico utilizando un gran conjunto de datos de panel de 120 países. Los resultados muestran que los términos de interacción entre el capital de infraestructura y la calidad institucional tienen un impacto positivo y significativo en el crecimiento económico. Esto resalta el papel de la calidad institucional en la productividad económica del capital de infraestructura. Finalmente, el cuarto ensayo, que es un trabajo en desarrollo, examina cómo los emigrantes –concretamente los emigrantes africanos– afectan la estabilidad política y las reformas institucionales de sus países de origen. Juntos, estos ensayos contribuyen a nuestra comprensión de los conflictos civiles, la migración internacional y la calidad institucional en contextos caracterizados por relaciones multilaterales entre países.
This dissertation comprises of four empirical essays looking at the political economy of social heterogeneity, international migration, and institutional quality. The first essay analyzes the impact of commodity price shocks and social heterogeneity on the incidence of civil conflicts. Using panel data for developing countries, this essay shows that commodity-price shocks influence intrastate conflicts in relation to pre-existing structures of social diversity as well as the types of commodities. The second essay analyzes international migration trends focusing on African immigrants to Europe. Using panel data on bilateral migration, it is shown that migration flows are determined by political and social factors in addition to economic factors. The results suggest that policy interventions by the European Union and partnership with African countries should address political push factors in order to manage international migrations. The third essay examines the joint impact of infrastructure capital and institutional quality on economic growth using a large panel dataset of 120 countries. The findings show that interaction terms between infrastructure capital and institutional quality have a positive and significant impact on economic growth. This highlights the role of institutional quality on the economic productivity of infrastructure capital. Finally, the fourth essay, which is a work in progress, examines how emigrants – specifically African emigrants, in this context – affect the political stability and institutional reforms of their home countries. Together, these essays contribute to our understanding of civil conflicts, international migration and institutional quality in contexts characterized by multi-lateral relationships between countries.
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Rodriguez, Donna Ashe. "The examination of faculty subcultures within institutions of higher education." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30936.
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