Journal articles: 'Social mask'

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조한선. "The Awakening: Unveiling Edna’s Social Mask." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 61, no. 2 (2019): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2019.61.2.005.

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Alshifa, S. "Face Mask and Social Distancing Detection Using ML Technique." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 3218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37021.

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Detecting Mask and Social Distance is our main motive in this project.Face detection plays important roles in detecting face mask. Face detection means detecting or searching for a face in an image or video. For face and mask detection we use viola jones algorithm or Haar cascade algorithm using Open CV. For social distancing we use YOLO algorithm. We have created a system which detect the face and then, it will detect nose and mouth to confirm that the person wear mask or not.

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Casola, Allison R., Brianna Kunes, Amy Cunningham, and Robert J. Motley. "Mask Use During COVID-19: A Social-Ecological Analysis." Health Promotion Practice 22, no. 2 (2021): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839920983922.

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To limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued recommendations that individuals wear face masks in public. Despite these recommendations, the individual decision to adhere and wear a mask may not be a simple decision. In this article, we examine the decision to wear a mask from a social-ecological perspective. Through critical analysis of societal, interpersonal and community, and intrapersonal influences, it is clear that the decision to wear a mask is multifaceted and influenced by constructs including public health recommendations and government mandates, racism and cultural norms, geography, household income, age, and personal attitudes. Understanding the multifactorial influences on mask wearing during COVID-19 is crucial for informing the creation and distribution of inclusive public health messaging regarding mask wearing now in the midst of an unprecedented health crisis, and in future unforeseen public health emergencies.

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Powdthavee, Nattavudh, Yohanes E. Riyanto, Erwin C. L. Wong, Jonathan X. W. Yeo, and Qi Yu Chan. "When face masks signal social identity: Explaining the deep face-mask divide during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253195.

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With the COVID-19 pandemic still raging and the vaccination program still rolling out, there continues to be an immediate need for public health officials to better understand the mechanisms behind the deep and perpetual divide over face masks in America. Using a random sample of Americans (N = 615), following a pre-registered experimental design and analysis plan, we first demonstrated that mask wearers were not innately more cooperative as individuals than non-mask wearers in the Prisoners’ Dilemma (PD) game when information about their own and the other person’s mask usage was not salient. However, we found strong evidence of in-group favouritism among both mask and non-mask wearers when information about the other partner’s mask usage was known. Non-mask wearers were 23 percentage points less likely to cooperate than mask wearers when facing a mask-wearing partner, and 26 percentage points more likely to cooperate than mask wearers when facing a non-mask-wearing partner. Our analysis suggests social identity effects as the primary reason behind people’s decision whether to wear face masks during the pandemic.

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Pagare, Reena. "Face Mask Detection and Social Distancing Monitoring." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 1 (2021): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.32823.

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Nawa, Nobutoshi, Yui Yamaoka, Yuna Koyama, et al. "Association between Social Integration and Face Mask Use Behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094717.

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Face mask use is a critical behavior to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the association between social integration and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, Japan. Data included 645 adults in the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic, between 14 June 2020 and 5 July 2020, in Utsunomiya City. Social integration before the pandemic was assessed by counting the number of social roles, based on the Cohen’s social network index. Face mask use before and during the pandemic was assessed by questionnaire, and participants were categorized into consistent mask users, new users, and current non-users. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between lower social integration score and face mask use. To account for possible differential non-response bias, non-response weights were used. Of the 645 participants, 172 (26.7%) were consistent mask users and 460 (71.3%) were new users, while 13 (2.0%) were current non-users. Lower social integration level was positively associated with non-users (RRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82). Social integration may be important to promote face mask use.

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Sirisha Deepthi Sornapudi et al.,, Sirisha Deepthi Sornapudi et al ,. "Face Mask For Covid-19, A Social Responsibility." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasrjun20201.

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Devi, D. Gayatri. "COVID Safety Measures Alert System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36288.

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The corona virus COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global health crisis so the effective protection method is wearing a face mask and maintaining social distance in public areas according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments across the world to impose lockdowns to prevent virus transmissions. Reports Indicate that wearing facemasks and maintaining social distance while at work clearly reduces the risk of transmission. An efficient and economic approach of using AI to create a safe environment in a manufacturing setup. So we are doing a Project on detecting whether a person wears a mask or not, also giving an alert message to the person to wear a mask, and maintain social distance or not. A hybrid model using deep and classical machine learning for face mask detection will be presented for face mask detection, a face recognition model is used to identify faces and an object detection algorithm is used to identify persons and also calculate social distance between each other. We collected face mask detection dataset consisting of mask and without mask images, and person photos to identify the person. We are going to use OpenCV to do real-time face detection from a live stream via our webcam. We will use the dataset to build a COVID-19 face mask detector with computer vision using Python, OpenCV, and TensorFlow and Keras, use a face recognition module to identify faces and a YOLO algorithm to detect objects and calculate social distance. Our goal is to identify whether the person on a video stream is wearing a face mask or not, if not give an alert message to wear a mask and check for social distance between each other with the help of computer vision and deep learning.

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Varma, Roli. "Asian Americans: Achievements Mask Challenges." Asian Journal of Social Science 32, no. 2 (2004): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568531041705103.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the existence of the "glass ceiling" to upward career mobility experienced by Asian Americans in professional occupations. It questions the recent portrayal of Asian Americans as a "model minority" who have "made it" in America. Instead, it shows that despite their good record of achievement, Asian Americans do not reach a level at which they can participate in policy and decision-making responsibilities. This article builds on the emerging glass ceiling literature by Asian American scholars, while examining social/cultural complexities, peculiarities, and nuances in private companies, government agencies, and institutions of higher education.

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Wibowo, Arining. "Malang Mask Puppet in Era of Globalization: Social and Cultural Impact." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 19, no. 1 (2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v19i1.16101.

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This article discusses socio and cultural impact as an effect of the commercialization of Malang mask puppet in the era of globalization. Padepokan Seni Asmoro Bangun located at Kedungmonggo Hamlet Malang Regency modifies the art of Malang mask puppet in order to turn the function of traditional art from ritual to the commodity. This research method is qualitative by using observation, interviews, and documentary studies for data collection. The result shows that modification creates three impacts, social and cultural impacts, also the occurrence of new senses in terms of Malang mask puppet includes creativity, prosperity, education, aesthetic, conservation, and identity sense.

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Barceló, Joan, and Greg Chih-Hsin Sheen. "Voluntary adoption of social welfare-enhancing behavior: Mask-wearing in Spain during the COVID-19 outbreak." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0242764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242764.

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With the spread of COVID-19, more countries now recommend their citizens to wear facemasks in public. The uptake of facemasks, however, remains far from universal in countries where this practice lacks cultural roots. In this paper, we aim to identify the barriers to mask-wearing in Spain, a country with no mask-wearing culture. We conduct one of the first nationally representative surveys (n = 4,000) about this unprecedented public health emergency and identify the profile of citizens who are more resistant to face-masking: young, educated, unconcerned with being infected, and with an introverted personality. Our results further indicate a positive correlation between a social norm of mask-wearing and mask uptake and demonstrate that uptake of facemasks is especially high among the elderly living in localities where mask-wearing behavior is popular. These results are robust when controlling for respondents’ demographics, time spent at home, and occupation fixed effects. Our findings can be useful for policymakers to devise effective programs for improving public compliance.

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Roelofs, Joan. "Foundations and Social Change Organizations: The Mask of Pluralism." Insurgent Sociologist 14, no. 3 (1987): 31–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089692058701400303.

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Shanley, Mary Lyndon, and Adrienne Asch. "Involuntary Childlessness, Reproductive Technology, and Social Justice: The Medical Mask on Social Illness." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 34, no. 4 (2009): 851–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597141.

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Li, Meng, and Helen Colby. "Association Between Actual and Perceived U.S. COVID-19 Policies and Preventive Behavior." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 55, no. 4 (2021): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab021.

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Abstract Background COVID-19 related policies in the USA can be confusing: some states, but not others, implemented mask mandates mid-pandemic, and states reopened their economies to different levels with different timelines after initial shutdowns. Purpose The current research asks: How well does the public’s perception of such policies align with actual policies, and how well do actual versus perceived policies predict the public’s mask-wearing and social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic? Methods We conducted a preregistered cross-sectional study among 1,073 online participants who were representative of the U.S. population on age, gender, and education on Monday–Tuesday, July 20–21, 2020. We asked participants which locations they visited in the past weekend, and their mask-wearing and social distancing behaviors at each location. We also measured participants’ beliefs about their state’s policies on mask mandate and business opening and obtained objective measures of these policies from publicly available data. Results Perception about the existence of mask mandate was 91% accurate in states with a mask mandate but only 46% accurate in states without one. Perception of state reopening level did not correlate with policy. It was the perceived but not actual state mask mandate that positively predicted both mask-wearing and social distancing, controlling for state COVID-19 cases, demographic factors, and participants’ numeracy and COVID-19 history. Conclusions The public’s perception of state-level mask mandates erred on the side of assuming there is one. Perception of reopening is almost completely inaccurate. Paradoxically, public perception that a mask mandate exists predicts preventive behaviors better than actual mandates.

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Hopfer, Suellen, Emilia J. Fields, Yuwen Lu, et al. "The social amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception shaping mask wearing behavior: A longitudinal twitter analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257428.

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Introduction Twitter represents a mainstream news source for the American public, offering a valuable vehicle for learning how citizens make sense of pandemic health threats like Covid-19. Masking as a risk mitigation measure became controversial in the US. The social amplification risk framework offers insight into how a risk event interacts with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural communication processes to shape Covid-19 risk perception. Methods Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 7,024 mask tweets reflecting 6,286 users between January 24 and July 7, 2020, to identify how citizens expressed Covid-19 risk perception over time. Descriptive statistics were computed for (a) proportion of tweets using hyperlinks, (b) mentions, (c) hashtags, (d) questions, and (e) location. Results Six themes emerged regarding how mask tweets amplified and attenuated Covid-19 risk: (a) severity perceptions (18.0%) steadily increased across 5 months; (b) mask effectiveness debates (10.7%) persisted; (c) who is at risk (26.4%) peaked in April and May 2020; (d) mask guidelines (15.6%) peaked April 3, 2020, with federal guidelines; (e) political legitimizing of Covid-19 risk (18.3%) steadily increased; and (f) mask behavior of others (31.6%) composed the largest discussion category and increased over time. Of tweets, 45% contained a hyperlink, 40% contained mentions, 33% contained hashtags, and 16.5% were expressed as a question. Conclusions Users ascribed many meanings to mask wearing in the social media information environment revealing that COVID-19 risk was expressed in a more expanded range than objective risk. The simultaneous amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception on social media complicates public health messaging about mask wearing.

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Gde Puasa, I. Made. "Topeng Pajegan sebagai Media Penerangan Agama Hindu." Widya Duta: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Agama dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya 15, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/wd.v15i1.1405.

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<p>Pajegan Mask is one of the many arts in Bali. Pajegan Mask Dance is a performance art which in its performance is a symbol of human life that talks about life and human behavior and character. The Pajegan Mask performance is motivated by the Pajegan Mask Performance as a guardian, bebali and balih-balihan whose roles still need to be improved as a medium for illuminating Hinduism.<br />Based on this, what will be discussed in this paper include: (1) The form of the Pajegan Mask Performance as a medium for illuminating Hinduism. (2) The function of the Pajegan Mask Performance functions as a medium for illuminating Hinduism. (3) The meaning contained in the Pajegan Mask Performance as a media for the illumination of Hindu religion.<br />Analiisis Pajegan Mask dance form shows the physical understanding of a work of art that functionally contains life characteristics related to religious rituals, while the form of Pajegan Mask Dance performance consists of: (1 ) The form of Pajegan Mask Dance performance, (2) the Pajegan Mask performance function, namely: (1) Communication and information media, (2) Entertainment media, (3) Social criticism function. The meanings of the Pajegan Mask are: (1) The religious and social meaning, (2) The spiritual meaning. So the Pajegan Mask Dance performance is not only used as a ritual complement in Hindu religious ceremonies, but its role really needs to be maximized and enhanced as a medium for illuminating Hinduism.</p>

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Tayibnapis, Radita Gora, Tarsani Tarsani, and Risqi Inayah Dwijayanti. "The Dynamics of Communication on the Identity Crisis of Malangan Mask Art in the Cultural Adaptation of Malang People." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 10 (2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i10.2090.

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The bias of Malangan mask art is starting to fade. This mask art originating from Malang has lost its authenticity so that it is difficult to distinguish it from the same mask art from other regions. The social changes of the people of Kedungmonggo, as the center of the Malangan mask art, have an impact on the neglect of the authenticity of the local traditional culture. This condition ultimately invalidates the interpretation of the symbols of Malangan mask art and even threatens the sustainability of the Malangan mask art itself. This study aims to rediscover the true meaning of the characteristics of Malangan masks using semiotic and ethnographic approaches to trace the social life of the people of Kedungmonggo and to adapt Malangan mask art as a symbol of Malang traditional culture. The results show that the identity crisis of Malangan mask art occurs because of the lack of cultural literature, especially historical literature. Many stories are hidden from their true meaning as a form of story camouflage so that people believe in myths more than in histories. The life of the Kedungmonggo community is based on cultural symbols that have experienced a cultural crisis due to the flow of modern culture.

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Jones, Harvey P., Renee R. Testa, Nola Ross, Marc L. Seal, Christos Pantelis, and Bruce Tonge. "The Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids: A Useful Measure of Childhood Schizotypal Personality Disorder." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/635732.

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Despite being identified as a high risk cohort for psychosis, there has been relatively little research on the clinical presentation and assessment of Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) in childhood. The current study aimed to develop a measure of childhood SPD (Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids (MASK)) and assess discriminant validity against another neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixty-eight children aged between 5 and 12 (21 SPD, 15 ASD, and 32 typically developing) and their parents were administered the MASK. The MASK is a 57-item semistructured interview that obtains information from the child, their parents, and the clinician. The results showed high internal consistency for the MASK and higher scores in the SPD group. A factor analysis revealed two MASK factors: social/pragmatic symptoms and positive schizotypal symptoms. Both factors were associated with SPD, while only the social/pragmatic factor was associated with ASD. Within the two clinical groups, a receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the MASK (cut-off score: 132 out of 228) was a good indicator of SPD diagnosis. These preliminary MASK findings were reliable and consistent and suggest that childhood SPD is characterised by complex symptomology distinguishable from ASD.

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Blana, Maria-Nikoleta. "Mask and face." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 6, no. 1 (2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00043.bla.

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Abstract Im/politeness scholars have highlighted the significance of ideology in the use of im/politeness phenomena, as the very notion of im/politeness presupposes a mental filtering of discourse through preconceptions that already exist in the mind (Terkourafi 1999, 2001, 2005; Mills 2003; Culpeper 2011; Kádár and Haugh 2013). The study aims at demonstrating how im/politeness can be manifested in two Greek versions of a dramatic dialogue that has its roots in the ancient theatre, where masks may be thought to undertake functions of face/identity formation in (im)politeness theory. The focus is on Eugene O’Neil’s dramatic trilogy Mourning Becomes Electra (1931) and on two Greek stage translations of the play that are twenty-one years apart (1986 and 2007). The study adopts both a second/ first order (Grainger 2011, or etic/emic) approach to the data, to gain further insight into how im/politeness plays out in the target versions and also considers in/appropriateness of social behaviour (Locher and Watts 2008) to further understanding of aspects of the relational work enacted by the protagonist. The analysis accentuates the significance of the narrative or the point of view of the target versions of the play. Findings highlight the use of different im/politeness strategies in the translated interaction between the siblings, Orin and Lavinia, which affect respondents’ appropriateness judgements. Respondents appreciated a higher tension between intimacy and aggression as manifested in one of the two translations. The study underscores the value of translation data in im/politeness research by drawing attention to intra-cultural variation with regards to the use of im/politeness manifesting a different narrative/point of view (e.g. non/religious, non/allusive to the ancient theatre). Conversely, im/politeness research contributes to translation practice by showing that im/politeness options may exert influence on audience response.

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Saint, Sidney A., and David A. Moscovitch. "Effects of mask-wearing on social anxiety: an exploratory review." Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 34, no. 5 (2021): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1929936.

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Cartaud, Alice, François Quesque, and Yann Coello. "Wearing a face mask against Covid-19 results in a reduction of social distancing." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243023.

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In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, barrier gestures such as regular hand-washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask are highly recommended. Critically, interpersonal distance (IPD) depends on the affective dimension of social interaction, which might be affected by the current Covid-19 context. In the present internet-based experimental study, we analyzed the preferred IPD of 457 French participants when facing human-like characters that were either wearing a face mask or displaying a neutral, happy or angry facial expression. Results showed that IPD was significantly reduced when characters were wearing a face mask, as they were perceived as more trustworthy compared to the other conditions. Importantly, IPD was even more reduced in participants infected with Covid-19 or living in low-risk areas, while it was not affected by the predicted health of the characters. These findings shed further light on the psychological factors that motivate IPD adjustments, in particular when facing a collective threat. They are also of crucial importance for policy makers as they reveal that despite the indisputable value of wearing a face mask in the current pandemic context, their use should be accompanied by an emphasis on social distancing to prevent detrimental health consequences.

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Ślosarski, Bartosz. "Mobilność artefaktów protestu. Maska Guya Fawkesa w cyklu kontestacji 2008–2017." Prace Kulturoznawcze 22, no. 4 (2019): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.22.4.7.

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The mobility of protest artifacts: The Guy Fawkes mask in the cycle of contestation in the years 2008–2017The aim of the article is to present the process of protest artifacts’ mobility using the example of the social biography of Guy Fawkes’ mask. The applied theoretical approach is based on a three-element concept of the social biography of the artifact which includes transformations in the field of cultural practices what is done with an object, industrialization of an object how and by whom it is made, and the change and acquisition of new meanings by the given artifact in which cultural contexts it is located. The example of the Guy Fawkes mask, as well as masking policy in general, is considered in the context of protests against ACTA in Poland and the other events in the world from the 2008–2017 contestation cycle. The mask leads its own social life, being active and mobile, both in the spaces in which it occurs, social groups that use it and what they do with it, and the forms that it takes.

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Cornell, Heather N., John M. Marzluff, and Shannon Pecoraro. "Social learning spreads knowledge about dangerous humans among American crows." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1728 (2011): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0957.

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Individuals face evolutionary trade-offs between the acquisition of costly but accurate information gained firsthand and the use of inexpensive but possibly less reliable social information. American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ) use both sources of information to learn the facial features of a dangerous person. We exposed wild crows to a novel ‘dangerous face’ by wearing a unique mask as we trapped, banded and released 7–15 birds at five study sites near Seattle, WA, USA. An immediate scolding response to the dangerous mask after trapping by previously captured crows demonstrates individual learning, while an immediate response by crows that were not captured probably represents conditioning to the trapping scene by the mob of birds that assembled during the capture. Later recognition of dangerous masks by lone crows that were never captured is consistent with horizontal social learning. Independent scolding by young crows, whose parents had conditioned them to scold the dangerous mask, demonstrates vertical social learning. Crows that directly experienced trapping later discriminated among dangerous and neutral masks more precisely than did crows that learned through social means. Learning enabled scolding to double in frequency and spread at least 1.2 km from the place of origin over a 5 year period at one site.

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Suharson, Arif. "TOPENG KLASIK GAYA YOGYAKARTA DAN KREATIF MODERN KARYA SUPANA PONOWIGUNA KAJIAN FUNGSI, GAYA, DAN STRUKTUR." Corak 7, no. 1 (2018): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/corak.v7i1.2667.

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The culture of mask has been in existence for a very long time ago. A number of archeological studies have found various types of mask since the prehistoric era thousand years ago. The historical data have revealed some important information on the usage of masks in human life in their interaction with the nature. These findings will be beneficial for the improvement of contemporary moment. They will also serve as the scientific reference to identify the materials, process, and development. When we observe carefully, Indonesia is rich of various kinds of traditional culture such as the mask art. Masks have unique characteristics depending on their origin. Masks are created intentionally to represent magical or ritual purposes. They also serve as the decorative or social symbols in the societies. Therefore, the existence of mask art has become a part of social culture. The creative creation of masks has represented the intellectual establishment of the artisans to comply with the ongoing social development. Therefore, we have classic, modern, and contemporary masks as the manifestation of the developing era and the satisfaction of transformative artistic artisans in visual arts. Keywords: mask, culture, creative, creation

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Bokir, S. "Exploring “Her” Depictions of the 19th Century Social Transactions in Alcott’s Behind the Mask." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 3, no. 3 (2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2017.3.3.127.

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Betsch, Cornelia, Lars Korn, Philipp Sprengholz, et al. "Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 36 (2020): 21851–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011674117.

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Mandatory and voluntary mask policies may have yet unknown social and behavioral consequences related to the effectiveness of the measure, stigmatization, and perceived fairness. Serial cross-sectional data (April 14 to May 26, 2020) from nearly 7,000 German participants demonstrate that implementing a mandatory policy increased actual compliance despite moderate acceptance; mask wearing correlated positively with other protective behaviors. A preregistered experiment (n= 925) further indicates that a voluntary policy would likely lead to insufficient compliance, would be perceived as less fair, and could intensify stigmatization. A mandatory policy appears to be an effective, fair, and socially responsible solution to curb transmissions of airborne viruses.

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Harbisher, Ben. "The Million Mask March: Language, legitimacy, and dissent." Critical Discourse Studies 13, no. 3 (2016): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2016.1141696.

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Palmer, Carl L., and Rolfe D. Peterson. "Toxic Mask-ulinity: The Link between Masculine Toughness and Affective Reactions to Mask Wearing in the COVID-19 Era." Politics & Gender 16, no. 4 (2020): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x20000422.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has altered numerous elements of social, political, and economic life. Mask wearing is arguably an essential component of the new normal until substantial progress is made on a vaccine. However, though evidence suggests the practice is a positive for public health and limiting the transmission of COVID-19, there is variation in attitudes toward and practices of mask wearing. Specifically, there appears to be a sex-based divide in mask wearing, with men more likely to resist wearing masks. Utilizing an original survey, we test the correlation between masculinity and mask wearing. We find that identification with norms of masculinity has a significant influence on affective responses toward mask wearing.

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Zhang, Zinan, Sikun Li, Xiangzhao Wang, Wei Cheng, and Yuejing Qi. "Source mask optimization for extreme-ultraviolet lithography based on thick mask model and social learning particle swarm optimization algorithm." Optics Express 29, no. 4 (2021): 5448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.418242.

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Kaplun, Marianna V. "Gender projections in the novel Soul in A Mask by N. V. Nedobrovo." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 60 (2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-60-188-200.

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The prose novel by N. V. Nedobrovo Soul in A Mask, written in 1914, incorporates basic ideas of the writer’s work and continues development of gender (feminine) discourse of the modern era. To a large extent, the search for a “soul in a mask”, the ability to express a lyrical “I”, coupled with the theatricality of being, the need for a social masquerade, are characteristic of the majority of modernist works. The theme of masks is equally present in the lyrics of symbolism and close to Nedobrovo acmeism (for example, in the work of A. A. Akhmatova, Nedobrovo’s closest friend). The masquerade performs two functions in the novel — plot-forming and philosophical. Having made the center of the story of the reflecting heroine Olga, Nedobrovo displays a number of male characters, a collision which meant to reveal the title female character. Male / female opposition (masculinity / femininity) informs the main conflict of the novel, related to the inability of an intelligent woman of expressing herself in a male society without wearing a mask. The paper shows that the mask serves as a kind of gender projection and represents an attempt to overcome the social masquerade, which is always associated with an identity crisis. Mask, as applied to the heroine and her ready-made social mask gives an opposite effect, only emphasizing the gender difference and, accordingly, leading to the disclosure of the heroine’s femininity. Based on this, “female issue” raised in the story is resolved in compliance with patriarchal ideas of the conservative gender discourse of the turn of the century.

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Zhang, Bo, Zhongjie Li, and Lei Jiang. "The Intentions to Wear Face Masks and the Differences in Preventive Behaviors between Urban and Rural Areas during COVID-19: An Analysis Based on the Technology Acceptance Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 9988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199988.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus first emerged in late 2019 and has since spread quickly throughout China and become a global pandemic. As the situation with COVID-19 has evolved, wearing a face mask in public has grown commonplace. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a foundation, this study introduces three new variables, namely, perceived risk, social pressure, and social image, to establish an extended model for investigating the factors that influence if residents wear masks. A total of 1200 questionnaires were distributed in China, from 1 February to 30 May 2020, through China’s largest online platform. The results indicate the following: 1. Residents’ positive attitude towards mask wearing promotes their behavioral intention to wear masks. 2. Perceived risk, social pressure, and social image have a positive impact on attitude towards mask wearing. 3. The intention to wear masks and attitude were both positively influenced by perceived usefulness. 4. The perceived usefulness is more influential in rural than urban groups, in terms of behavioral intention. This article proposes that public education on the facts related to the coronavirus, the threats posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to health, and the usefulness of face masks in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 could increase residents’ intention to wear a mask.

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Mostafa Ismahil, Mudhafar, and Sirwan Jabar Amin. "The Reflection of Social Mask in Kaka Mam Botani’s novel ‘Dirz’." Twejer 2, no. 2 (2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.1922.2.

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Mandy, Will. "Social camouflaging in autism: Is it time to lose the mask?" Autism 23, no. 8 (2019): 1879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319878559.

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Kulkarni, Gurudatt P. "COVID-19 Social Distance Violation and Face Mask Detection in Workplaces." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36311.

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Social distancing is a suggested arrangement by the World Health Organization (WHO) to limit the spread of COVID-19 in broad daylight places. Most of governments and public wellbeing specialists have set the 2-meter physical removing as a compulsory security measure in retail outlets, schools, and other covered regions. In this exploration, we foster a conventional Deep Neural Network-Based model for mechanized individuals’ identification, following, and between individuals’ distances assessment in the group, utilizing basic CCTV surveillance cameras. The proposed model incorporates a YOLOv4-based system and opposite viewpoint planning for exact individuals’ identification and social removing checking in testing conditions, including individual’s impediment, incomplete perceivability, and lighting varieties. We additionally give an online danger appraisal conspire by factual examination of the Spatio-transient information from the moving directions and the pace of social removing infringement. We distinguish high-hazard zones with the most noteworthy chance of infection spread and diseases. This may assist specialists with updating the design of a public spot or to play it safe activities to relieve high-hazard zones. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is assessed on the Oxford Town Center dataset, with prevalent execution as far as precision and speed contrasted with three bests in class techniques.

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Jayashri, S., M. Thoulath Kani, M. Vikram Pandi, B. Yazhisree, and Dr K. Lakshmi. "Video Analytics on Social Distancing and Detecting Mask -A detailed Analysis." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 5 (2021): 014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.85.3.

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McWilliams, Wilson Carey. "Anti-semitism andA Mask for Privilege." Society 42, no. 3 (2005): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02802987.

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Tsyrkun, Nina Alexandrovna. "A Hero and His Mask in Strip Cartoons." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 4, no. 4 (2012): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik4428-37.

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The article investigates the dialectics of the relationship between the character of the film based on comic strips and his mask as an essential attribute of the genre, the characters of which are mainly reduced to external evidence. Since comic strips have nowadays become the multicultural phenomenon, it is viable to analyze the matter on the example of the three films by directors from different countries. These are typical examples of the main types of the forenamed dialectics. Each of them therefore fits well in its peculiar way into the modern social-psychological and social-political context, indicating the applicability of the genre.

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Keller, Sarah N., Joy C. Honea, and Rachel Ollivant. "How Social Media Comments Inform the Promotion of Mask-Wearing and Other COVID-19 Prevention Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115624.

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Current COVID-19 messaging efforts by public health departments are primarily informational in nature and assume that audiences will make rational choices in compliance, contradicting extensive research indicating that individuals make lifestyle choices based on emotional, social, and impulsive factors. To complement the current model, audience barriers to prevention need to be better understood. A content analysis of news source comments in response to daily COVID-19 reports was conducted in Montana, one of the states expressing resistance to routine prevention efforts. A total of 615 Facebook comments drawn from Montana news sources were analyzed using the Persuasive Health Message Framework to identify perceived barriers and benefits of mask-wearing. A majority (63%) of comments expressed barriers, the most common of which were categorized as either misinformation about the virus or conspiracy theories. Benefits (46%) of mask-wearing were articulated as benefits to loved ones or people in one’s community or saving hospital space. This paper analyzes the implications of low perceived threat accompanied by low perceived efficacy of mask-wearing to make recommendations for future prevention efforts.

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Fulton, Gere B., and Joseph J. Fins. "Case Study: Removing the Mask." Hastings Center Report 33, no. 2 (2003): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3528147.

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Magyar, Melinda, László Kovács, and Dávid Burka. "Forecasting the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on the Communication of Coronavirus Sceptics." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021005035.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has left a mark on nearly all events since the start of the year 2020. There are many studies that examine the medical, economic, and social effects of the pandemic; however, only a few are concerned with how the reactions of society affect the spread of the virus. The goal of our study is to explore and analyze the connection between the communication of pandemic sceptics and the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and its caused damages. We aim to investigate the causal relationship between communication about COVID-19 on social media, anti-mask events, and epidemiological indicators in three countries: the USA, Spain, and Hungary.

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Teixeira, Tatiana Rodrigues de Araujo, Renata Gracie, Monica Siqueira Malta, and Francisco I. Bastos. "Social geography of AIDS in Brazil: identifying patterns of regional inequalities." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 2 (2014): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00051313.

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The trend towards decline and stabilization of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil should be analyzed carefully, since aggregate data can mask regional or local inequalities in such a large and diverse country. The current study reevaluates the epidemic’s spatial dissemination and the AIDS-related mortality pattern in Brazil. The study considered all AIDS cases diagnosed in individuals over 18 years of age and living in Brazil, as well as AIDS deaths recorded in 1998-2008. Three-year moving average rates were estimated, and a spatial analysis was conducted using a local empirical Bayesian method. The epidemic was only found to be expanding in the North and Northeast regions, while declining in the rest of the country, especially in the Southeast. According to the findings, the apparent stabilization of AIDS mortality tends to mask regional disparities. Social determinants of health and regional disparities should be taken into account in program development and policymaking.

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Kamatani, Miki, Motohiro Ito, Yuki Miyazaki, and Jun I. Kawahara. "Effects of Masks Worn to Protect Against COVID-19 on the Perception of Facial Attractiveness." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (2021): 204166952110279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211027920.

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Wearing a sanitary mask tended, in the main, to reduce the wearer’s sense of perceived facial attractiveness before the COVID-19 epidemic. This phenomenon, termed the sanitary-mask effect, was explained using a two-factor model involving the occlusion of cues used for the judgment of attractiveness and unhealthiness priming (e.g., presumed illness). However, these data were collected during the pre-COVID-19 period. Thus, in this study, we examined whether the COVID-19 epidemic changed the perceived attractiveness and healthiness when viewing faces with and without sanitary masks. We also used questionnaires to evaluate beliefs regarding mask wearers. We found that the perception of mask-worn faces differed before versus after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, mask-wearing improved wearers’ sense of the attractiveness of faces, which were rated as less attractive when a mask was not worn after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Furthermore, mask-worn faces were rated as healthier after the onset of the COVID-19. The proportion of respondents with negative associations regarding mask-wearing (e.g., unhealthiness) decreased relative to before the epidemic. We suggest that the weakening of this association altered the sanitary-mask effect with a relative emphasis on the occlusion component, reflecting the temporal impact of a global social incident (the COVID-19 epidemic) on the perception of facial attractiveness.

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Xu, Hong, Yong Gan, Daikun Zheng, et al. "Relationship Between COVID-19 Infection and Risk Perception, Knowledge, Attitude, and Four Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the Late Period of the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: Online Cross-Sectional Survey of 8158 Adults." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (2020): e21372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21372.

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Background So far, there have been no published population studies on the relationship between a COVID-19 infection and public risk perception, information source, knowledge, attitude, and behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Objective This study aims to understand the relationships between COVID-19 infection; four personal nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs; handwashing, proper coughing habits, social distancing, and mask wearing); and public risk perception, knowledge, attitude, and other social demographic variables. Methods An online survey of 8158 Chinese adults between February 22 and March 5, 2020, was conducted. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were examined using Fisher exact test. We also explored the determinants of four NPIs as well as their association with COVID-19 infection using logistic regression. Results Of 8158 adults included, 57 (0.73%) were infected with COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of respondents showed a positive attitude (n=8094, 99.2%), positive risk perception (n=8146, 99.9%), and high knowledge levels that were among the strongest predictors of the four adopted NPIs (handwashing: n=7895, 96.8%; proper coughing: 5997/6444, 93.1%; social distancing: n=7104/8158, 87.1%; and mask wearing: 5011/5120, 97.9%). There was an increased risk of COVID-19 infection for those who did not wash their hands (2.28% vs 0.65%; risk ratio [RR] 3.53, 95% CI 1.53-8.15; P=.009), did not practice proper coughing (1.79% vs 0.73%; RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.15-5.15; P=.03), did not practice social distancing (1.52% vs 0.58%; RR 2.63, 95% CI 1.48-4.67; P=.002), and did not wear a mask (7.41% vs 0.6%; RR 12.38, 95% CI 5.81-26.36; P<.001). For those who did practice all other three NPIs, wearing a mask was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection compared to those who did not wear a mask (0.6% vs 16.7%; P=.04). Similarly, for those who did not practice all or part of the other three NPIs, wearing a mask was also associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection. In a penalized logistic regression model including all four NPIs, wearing a mask was the only significant predictor of COVID-19 infection among the four NPIs (odds ratio 7.20, 95% CI 2.24-23.11; P<.001). Conclusions We found high levels of risk perception, positive attitude, desirable knowledge, as well as a high level of adopting the four NPIs. The relevant knowledge, risk perception, and attitude were strong predictors of adapting the four NPIs. Mask wearing, among the four personal NPIs, was the most effective protective measure against COVID-19 infection, with added preventive effect among those who practiced all or part of the other three NPIs.

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Lynch, Michael J., and Lenny A. Krzycki. "Popular culture as an ideological mask." Journal of Criminal Justice 26, no. 4 (1998): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(98)00011-7.

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Shapiro, Matan, and Frederic Bouder. "The Risks of the Mask." Journal of Risk Research 24, no. 3-4 (2021): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2021.1907611.

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Mukhtar, Mohsina, and Suhail N. Bhat. "Masks: usage during COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 7 (2020): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203030.

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Overnight, masks have become a symbol of social responsibility. Wearing a face mask is certainly not an iron-clad guarantee that a person won’t get sick. Face masks are crucial for health care providers looking after patients and are also recommended for family members who need to care for someone who is ill - ideally both the patient and caregiver should have a mask.

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Egeberg, Erik. "«Маски» в «Герое нашего времени» М. Ю. Лермонтова(«Masks» in M. Ju. Lermontov’s «A Hero of our Time»)". Poljarnyj vestnik 8 (1 лютого 2005): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1328.

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In M. Ju. Lermontov's novel «A Hero of our Time» almost every person is wearing a «mask», trying to conceal his or her real intentions-or, on the contrary, taking advantage of the mask, doing or saying things otherwise condemned by the prevailing social conventions. This paper offers a brief analysis of the phenomenon and its function in the structure of the novel.

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Barry, Colleen L., Kelly E. Anderson, Hahrie Han, Rachel Presskreischer, and Emma E. McGinty. "Change Over Time in Public Support for Social Distancing, Mask Wearing, and Contact Tracing to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic Among US Adults, April to November 2020." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 5 (2021): 937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.306148.

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Objectives. To examine how sociodemographic, political, religious, and civic characteristics; trust in science; and fixed versus fluid worldview were associated with evolving public support for social distancing, indoor mask wearing, and contact tracing to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Surveys were conducted with a nationally representative cohort of US adults in April, July, and November 2020. Results. Support for social distancing among US adults dropped from 89% in April to 79% in July, but then remained stable in November 2020 at 78%. In July and November, more than three quarters of respondents supported mask wearing and nearly as many supported contact tracing. In regression-adjusted models, support differences for social distancing, mask wearing, and contact tracing were most pronounced by age, partisanship, and trust in science. Having a more fluid worldview independently predicted higher support for contact tracing. Conclusions. Ongoing resistance to nonpharmaceutical public health responses among key subgroups challenge transmission control. Public Health Implications. Developing persuasive communication efforts targeting young adults, political conservatives, and those distrusting science should be a critical priority.

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Drozdowski, Rafał. "„Siła słabych więzi”, czyli (jeszcze raz) o maskującym języku socjologii." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 33 (June 15, 2012): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2012.33.2.

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The article concerns on the Mark Granovetter’s concept of the strength of weak ties. The main question is about how it is used in theoretical and ideological disputes of latemodern society today. For some, a society based on weak ties is equivalent of increasing autonomy and individuality, but this is also the relaxation of the most repressive forms of social control. For others, weak social relationships are the evidence of a deep crisis of contemporary societies. The problem is that both, the first and the others speakers are using the term “strength of weak ties” mask the true picture of social reality. The first are blind on the process of society disintegration. Others – ignore the growing importance of social networks and do not appreciate the causal force of “minimal engagement”. The new technologies are able to aggregate these “minimal engagements” into a new powerful instrument of political, social and cultural impact.

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Leung, C. C., K. K. Cheng, T. H. Lam, and G. B. Migliori. "Mask wearing to complement social distancing and save lives during COVID-19." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 6 (2020): 556–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0244.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social mask'

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