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Journal articles on the topic 'Social networks – Ethiopia'
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Kebede, Wassie, and Alice K. Butterfield. "Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia." International Social Work 52, no. 3 (2009): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808102069.
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English Social networks are social capital for poor women living in a slum neighborhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on neighborhood, friendship, kinship, gender and ethnic ties, informal networks provide social, emotional and financial support. Social network analysis is a promising method for community development and participatory social work in Africa. French Les réseaux sociaux représentent un capital social pour les femmes pauvres qui vivent dans les bidonvilles à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Basés sur des liens de voisinage, d’amitié, de parenté, de genre et de culture, les réseaux informels apportent un soutien social, affectif et financier. L’analyse du réseau social est une méthode prometteuse pour le développement communautaire et le travail social participatif en Afrique. Spanish Las redes sociales son de suma importancia para las mujeres pobres que viven en los barrios de pocos recursos de Addis Abeba, Etiopía. Basadas en barrios, amistades, relaciones, géneros y lazos étnicos, las redes informales proveen ayuda social, emocional y financiera. El análisis de las redes sociales es un método promisorio para el desarrollo de las comunidades y el trabajo social participativo en África.
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Mekonnen, Daniel Ayalew, Nicolas Gerber, and Julia Anna Matz. "Gendered Social Networks, Agricultural Innovations, and Farm Productivity in Ethiopia." World Development 105 (May 2018): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.020.
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Abay, Kibrom A., Goytom A. Kahsay, and Guush Berhane. "Social Networks and Factor Markets: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia." Journal of Development Studies 54, no. 1 (2017): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1288224.
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Tesfaye, Abonesh, James Hansen, Maren Radeny, Sebsib Belay, and Dawit Solomon. "Actor roles and networks in agricultural climate services in Ethiopia: a social network analysis." Climate and Development 12, no. 8 (2019): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1691485.
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Lyons, Terrence. "Transnational Politics in Ethiopia: Diasporas and the 2005 Elections." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 15, no. 2-3 (2011): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.15.2-3.265.
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Beginning with a discussion of new political processes in transnational social networks, this essay presents Ethiopians in North America as a conflict-generated transnational diaspora closely involved in homeland politics. The essay surveys a range of key diaspora political organizations and media, detailing their involvement in the dramatic political events surrounding the Ethiopian election in 2005. The critical and creative roles that the Ethiopian diaspora played—in framing political events and as a gatekeeper for opposition strategies—provided essential support for the homeland’s opposition parties both during and after the election. (6 March 2009)
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WARET-SZKUTA, A., A. ORTIZ-PELAEZ, D. U. PFEIFFER, F. ROGER, and F. J. GUITIAN. "Herd contact structure based on shared use of water points and grazing points in the Highlands of Ethiopia." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 6 (2010): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001718.
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SUMMARYThe use of shared common water points (WPs) and grazing points (GPs) at two different levels of administrative aggregation (village and kebelle) in a region of the Highlands of Ethiopia was explored by means of a questionnaire survey and social network analysis. Despite GPs being more abundant than WPs (208 and 154, respectively), individual GPs provide more contact opportunities for animals. There was great variability in the contact structure of the selected villages within kebelles for both networks, with this variability being higher in the GP networks for each kebelle. Contrary to the commonly held view that WPs are critical for the potential transmission of infectious diseases, intervention at GPs in the Ethiopian Highlands may have greater impact on contacts and thereby opportunities for transmission of infectious diseases between flocks. Some villages appear naturally at much lower risk of introducing disease. These findings could help the design of surveillance and control activities for directly transmitted infectious diseases.
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Kebede, Getahun Fenta. "Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Evidence from Informal Sector Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia." Journal of Entrepreneurship 27, no. 2 (2018): 209–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355718781250.
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In Africa, social capital (SC) is an important resource for the informal economy. It substitutes the limited formal business support systems as factor inputs for enterprise development. This article investigates the effect of Burt’s structural holes theory of social capital in the context of the Ethiopian informal economy. Data were collected from street entrepreneurs in Addis Ababa using multiple name generators constructed on the basis of entrepreneurs’ frequent interaction with people related to resources needed for entrepreneurial activities. Social network analyses and statistical procedures of instrumental variables estimation were used to analyse the data. By controlling the potential endogeneity problem between structural holes and enterprise outcomes, the findings of the study show that entrepreneurs’ dense network structure, which lacks structural holes, has a significant negative effect on entrepreneurial outcome. Accordingly, policies that aim at supporting informal entrepreneurs need to consider the benefits of social contacts while taking into account the downside of being excessively embedded in dense networks.
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Abebe, Aleminew, Wassie Kebede, and Ajanaw Alemie. "Roles of Ego Social Networks for Community Development in Southern Ethiopia: The Case of Tullo Community." International Journal of Community and Social Development 1, no. 4 (2019): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516602619889217.
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This article explores the roles of Ego social networks for community development in the Tullo community of southern Ethiopia. By employing qualitative research methods, data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and participatory mapping. The analysis revealed that social networks contribute to community development as communication channels and forums of information sharing. Networks also provide economic and social support to the members and beyond. Individuals known as Egos loom large in social networks and play a pivotal role in leading the functions of Ego networks for community development. The study draws important lessons about functions of the Ego networks to sustain the peaceful and meaningful life of the studied community.
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Østebø, Terje. "Islamic Reformism as Networks of Meaning." Sociology of Islam 4, no. 3 (2016): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00403002.
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This study focuses on the issue of Islamic reformism and provides insights to a highly diverse and ambiguous phenomenon. Located in contemporary Ethiopia, the case in point for the study is what I have labeled the Intellectualist movement. De-institutionalized and decentered in character, the movement was a major player on the Ethiopian religious and political scene, and contributed significantly to the shaping of generations of young Muslims from the early 1990s to up until today. The Intellectualist movement is a good example of a kind of reformism that often escapes analysts’ attention, and the argument is that movement’s informal character points to an important trend among many contemporary religious reformism: their appearance as social networks and the processural character of reform itself. Applying the concept of network of meaning, which points to how movements are loosely structured and constituted around personal and face-to-face interactions, the study emphasizes reform movements as venues for learning, for ideological production, and for the creation of new subjects. This means that they are more than instruments for direct action, but that they are fields for symbolic exchange and self-reflexive relationships engagement, which in turn constitute processes for the realization of alternative behavior and for the mobilization of action.
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Caeyers, Bet, and Stefan Dercon. "Political Connections and Social Networks in Targeted Transfer Programs: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia." Economic Development and Cultural Change 60, no. 4 (2012): 639–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/665602.
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Kebede, Getahun Fenta. "Network Locations or Embedded Resources? The Effects of Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks on Informal Enterprise Performance in Ethiopia." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 11, no. 2 (2018): 630–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0565-6.
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Person, Margaret T., Maryann G. Delea, Joshua V. Garn, Kelly Alexander, Bekele Abaire, and Matthew C. Freeman. "Assessing the influence of social capital on water point sustainability in rural Ethiopia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 4 (2017): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.167.
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Abstract Despite considerable investment, sustainability of rural water resources remains a critical challenge in Ethiopia. Evidence suggests social capital – the networks, norms, and trust that facilitate cooperative behaviors – influences a community's ability to manage communal water resources. In turn, strong community governance of water resources may lead to sustainable resource management. Existing evidence provides a framework for exploring the relationship between social capital and governance of common-pool resources. However, there is a dearth of quantifiable evidence demonstrating the relationship between social capital, collaborative governance, and, in turn, sustainability of communal water resources. In 32 communities in rural Ethiopia, we employed a validated survey tool, developed by the World Bank, to quantify social capital and explore these relationships. We found associations between governance and several social capital domains: groups and networks, trust and solidarity, and information and communication. All governance indicators were associated with functionality. Identifying domains of social capital that influence governance can inform institutional efforts to target community-based water resource programming, foster social capital to improve water point sustainability, and diagnose issues related to resource management. Additional research examining the influence and directionality of social capital and other social constructs on water resource governance and functionality is warranted.
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Rodier, Christophe, and Paul Struik. "Nodal Farmers’ Motivations for Exchanging Sorghum Seeds in Northwestern Ethiopia." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (2018): 3708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103708.
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One of the main challenges of Ethiopian agriculture is the shortage of certified seeds of improved varieties, which results in uneven dispersal of quality seed amongst farmers. In a context where 80% to 90% of the seed requirement is covered by the informal seed sector, understanding how and why seeds are exchanged through informal channels is crucial. This study aims to describe why nodal farmers disseminate seeds at a higher rate than other farmers in their network. Following a social network analysis, in-depth surveys were conducted with identified nodal and connector sorghum farmers in order to determine the main social characteristics that differentiate them from other farmers in a western lowlands community of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. We examined empirically the main factors that motivate them, the main drawbacks they experience, and the behavioral decisions that could potentially speed up or slow down the adoption of newly released improved varieties of sorghum. The study showed that, in this district, few significant socio-demographic differences exist between nodal and non-nodal farmers. The seed exchange network was hyper localized, as the majority of exchanges took place within village boundaries. Focus group discussions showed that a nodal position should not be taken for granted, as the network is dynamic and in constant evolution. In-depth interviews revealed that it was unlikely for accessing farmers to be consistently denied seeds due to a deeply rooted social norm insisting that one should not, under any circumstances, be turned down when asking for seeds. However, in practice, chronic seed insecure farmers suffering from poor performances may find themselves unable to access quality seeds, as automatic support should not be assumed. In terms of motivation, nodal farmers ranked maintaining friendships and relationships as the two most important. Thus, beyond the risk-sharing mechanism underlying much of the seed exchange, it is a mix of personal and community interests that motivates nodal farmers to have more exchange partners and thus disseminate more seeds on average than other farmers in the seed networks. This indicates that their social capital is the major driver to exchange seeds.
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Seboka, B., and A. Deressa. "Validating farmers' indigenous social networks for local seed supply in central rift valley of Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 6, no. 4 (1999): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240085300071.
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Jirata, Tadesse Jaleta. "LEARNING THROUGH PLAY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF CHILDREN'S RIDDLING IN ETHIOPIA." Africa 82, no. 2 (2012): 272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000058.
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ABSTRACTAlthough the educational value of African oral traditions, particularly folktales, has been discussed widely in social studies of children, education and folklore, riddling is not commonly investigated as a part of children's everyday social practice. In this article, I present riddling as a part of children's expressive culture, through which they play together and learn about their local environment. I generated the data through ten months of ethnographic fieldwork among Guji people in southern Ethiopia. Based on analyses of the times and locations of this activity, as well as the social interaction involved, I argue that children perform riddling in order to entertain themselves and to learn from their immediate social and natural environment through discrete peer networks.
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Gebrekidan Abbay, Aradom, Roel Rutten, Hossein Azadi, and Frank Witlox. "How Social Status Contributes to Sustainable Livelihoods? An Empirical Analysis in Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010068.
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This paper scrutinized the links between social status and income of rural households to provide insight into how social status is indicated and used as a strategy for improving livelihood income. It also provides a brief look into some selected key determinants of livelihood income. We applied a two-stage least-squares estimation to household-level data from rural areas in the Tigray regional state of Ethiopia. We also proposed the latent class analysis model to identify the number of classes for the variable “social status”. The results indicate that livelihood income is significantly affected by households’ social status, indicating that high status household heads tend to enhance their participation in different social networks with the intention of strengthening the social bonds that they have and improving their status in the community, which in turn has an economic payback. Apart from this, household heads’ access to off-farm work, size of owned land, exposure to multimedia, livestock ownership and spatial proximity to towns were the variables that have significant positive effects on livelihood income.
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Lindstrom, David P., Mao‐Mei Liu, and Challi Jira. "The Role of Parents and Family Networks in Adolescent Health‐Seeking in Ethiopia." Journal of Marriage and Family 81, no. 4 (2019): 830–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12567.
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MATOUS, PETR, YASUYUKI TODO, and TATSUYA ISHIKAWA. "Emergence of multiplex mobile phone communication networks across rural areas: An Ethiopian experiment." Network Science 2, no. 2 (2014): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2014.12.
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AbstractMobile phones are spreading to remote areas of the globe, leading to the following question: “What is the potential of the new communication technologies for increasing individuals' access to information and the diffusion of attitudes and practices across rural areas of developing countries?” We have donated phones to 234 farmers selected by stratified random sampling in an agrarian region of Ethiopia and have tracked their main communication partners for six months. The panel data and qualitative interviews indicated that the phones were not typically used to expand the existing constrained social networks or to gain information from new sources but to call contacts who had been known personally and to individuals introduced through the experiment. Stochastic actor-based network models clarified that although agricultural information-seeking and casual calling are intertwined, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of instrumental and expressive communication networks are distinct. Acquaintances living beyond comfortable walking distances and individuals whom others call became preferred for information-seeking calls. Thus, mobile phones may accelerate information exchange within existing social networks and may support the creation of new information hubs that might facilitate more efficient information diffusion over long distances in the future. In contrast, the importance of geographical communities strongly prevails in casual phone conversations. Physically proximate community members who tend to be met frequently were preferred for sentiment-sharing calls. Preferential attachment was not evident for this type of communication. As a result, the network of these expressive calls was highly localized and fragmented, making it unlikely for personal feelings to diffuse across wide geographical areas through the new phone networks.
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TADESSE, YENENESH, CONNY J. M. ALMEKINDERS, ROGIER P. O. SCHULTE, and PAUL C. STRUIK. "TRACING THE SEED: SEED DIFFUSION OF IMPROVED POTATO VARIETIES THROUGH FARMERS’ NETWORKS IN CHENCHA, ETHIOPIA." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 4 (2016): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447971600051x.
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SUMMARYThere are many prerequisites for potato production to meet its full potential as a food security crop for subsistence farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of these is the introduction of improved varieties. Traditionally, the introduction of new varieties is by government agencies or Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). To understand the diffusion of seed tubers (seeds) of new potato varieties in farmer networks, we analysed social factors influencing the sharing of seed of improved potato varieties amongst farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. We interviewed 166 farmers and analysed 146 seed transactions. We used seed flow mapping to visualize seed sharing amongst farmers. We found that the social networks of farmers are differentiated by wealth, gender and religion, and that this differentiation affects the dispersion of new varieties through the farming communities: Wealthier farmers shared seed tubers most frequently and poor farmers did not share seed at all. Seed sharing was influenced by, but not restricted to, gender and religion categories. Most sharing was with relatives (as gifts) and neighbours (in exchange for labour). There weas no equal access to seed for all households because of (i) the targeting of the better off farmers by the NGO (ii) differences in frequency of sharing and (iii) terms and motivation of the transactions. Our results show that wealthy farmers most effectively multiply and share the seed of new varieties with medium wealthy and poor farmers. This study shows that for the introduction of new technologies into a community, its dynamics of social differentiation need to be understood.
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Ashenafi Woldemichael and Melese Getu. "Predictors of Irregular International Migration among Youth in Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities 16, no. 1 (2020): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejossah.v16i1.2.
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This article deals with irregular international migration among the youth in south-west Ethiopia, which is one of the major issues that grabbed the attention of the international community in recent years. The article draws on a study which aimed at determining major predictors of irregular migration intention among youth in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Irregular migration and human trafficking are serious challenges that people face in Ethiopia in general and in Jimma Zone in particular. Concurrent cross-sectional mixed method study design was deployed, and a total of 347 respondents participated in a quantitative survey and 33 and 6 took part in five Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews respectively. The study was conducted in three selected woredas/districts of Jimma Zone between March and April 2018. Variables such as age, political unrest, unreliable information from social media, social networks, the desire for life enhancement, and readiness for taking risk are found to be good predictors or reasons of irregular migration. Age has strong negative correlation (r=-0.73) with irregular migration intention. Personal readiness has very strong (r=0.96) and positive correlation with irregular migration intention. In conclusion, youth in particular and community in general in Jimma Zone favor irregular migration to home situation and prefer to try out other life as livelihood strategy.
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Sime, Getachew, and Jens Aune. "Sustainability of Improved Crop Varieties and Agricultural Practices: A Case Study in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Agriculture 8, no. 11 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8110177.
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Technological change has been the major driving force for increasing agricultural productivity and promoting agriculture development in developing countries. To improve the agricultural productivity and farmers’ livelihoods, several agricultural technologies (improved crop varieties and related agricultural practices) were introduced by various agencies to the farmers in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify these technologies, and evaluate their characteristics and sustainability. The data were collected from farmers, agricultural extension workers, and agricultural experts, through a series of focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and farm observations, selected through purposive and random sampling techniques. Results showed that extension systems, social networks, or research projects were the agencies that introduced the technologies to the farmers. Haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and early and mid-maturing maize (Zea mays L.), as well as agricultural practices like row-sowing, banding fertilizer application, intercropping, and traditional rainwater-harvesting, were found to be in continuous use by the farmers. In contrast, the use of extra-early-maturing maize, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), as well as the use of related practices, including harvesting maize at physiological maturity, seed priming and fertilizer microdosing, were the technologies that were discontinued at the time of pursuing this study. Most of the continuing technologies had a high potential for reducing the vulnerability of the rain-fed agriculture to rainfall variability. Regardless of sources, the national extension system supported technologies that were integrated into the system only. Most of the discontinued technologies were found to be introduced by the research projects. These technologies were not brought into the attention of policy-makers for their integration into the extension system. The farmers also disliked a few of them for unfitting the existing socioeconomic setting. Whereas, the technologies that were introduced by the social networks were found to be widely used by the farmers, though they were not supported by the extension system. This is because most such technologies offer better yield and income. For instance, social networks have popularized haricot beans and hybrid maize because of their higher benefits to farmers. Farmers consider both socioeconomic and agroecological conditions for selecting and using technologies, whereas the extension system centers on existing agroecological conditions for recommending and supporting agricultural technologies. Consideration of both socioeconomic and agroecological settings would increase the prospect of a technology for sustainable adoption. Overall, rainfall variability, high price and poor access to improved seeds, farmers’ poor economic conditions, and the inadequate linkage between extension systems, social networks and research projects, remain critical factors influencing the sustainable use of agricultural technologies. It is, thus, commendable that policymakers should consider local socioeconomic and agroecological settings in recommending and supporting agricultural technologies besides instituting a strong consortium of extension systems, research institutes, research projects, social networks and farmers for improved agricultural technology development, extension system and sustainable adoption.
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Geleta, Esayas Bekele, Paitence Elabor-Idemudia, Carol Henry, and Nigatu Reggassa. "The Challenges of Empowering Women: The Experience of Pulse Innovation Project in Southern Ethiopia." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (2017): 215824401773680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017736802.
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Within the last two decades, women’s empowerment has been the central theme of international development policy and practice. This article seeks to elucidate the challenges of integrating gender in a development project to empower women. Drawing on the wider literature on women’s empowerment, it constructs a framework to analyze the meaning of empowerment. The article then draws on the framework and empirical data gathered to illuminate the challenges of integrating gender in a pulse innovation project, implemented in Southern Ethiopia. The article elucidates gender hierarchies that limit the extent of women’s involvement in crop production processes. It demonstrates social and cultural factors that restrict women from fully participating in high value pulse markets and their involvement in production and exchange decision-making. It also illustrates how existing social networks, relations, and links disadvantage women. The article then recommends solutions to help facilitate the integration of gender in the project toward the empowerment of women.
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Clech, Lucie, Ashley Hazel, and Mhairi A. Gibson. "Does Kin-Selection Theory Help to Explain Support Networks among Farmers in South-Central Ethiopia?" Human Nature 30, no. 4 (2019): 422–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-019-09352-6.
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Varga, Valeria, and Eugenia Rosca. "Driving impact through base of the pyramid distribution models." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 5 (2019): 492–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-01-2018-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research question: how can intermediaries contribute to social impact creation through their interventions at different levels of distribution networks in the base of the pyramid (BoP) markets? Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts an embedded case study of an intermediary organization. The analysis focuses on the intervention of the intermediary on the distribution stages of supply chains in four different projects in the food sector in Ethiopia, Benin, Nigeria and Bangladesh. Findings The embedded case study reveals essential formal and informal roles undertaken by the intermediary organization to develop decentralized distribution networks based on local micro-entrepreneurs. The study proposes that efforts undertaken by the intermediaries toward knowledge sharing and capacity building among partners can enable the adoption of pro-poor strategies across the supply chain. Moreover, hybrid intermediaries can act as “guardians” of the mutual value creation approach since one of their key roles is to advocate the needs of the BoP. Research limitations/implications Important implications for improving nutrition and food security in the BoP markets are developed based on the empirical findings. The findings open avenues for further research into the antecedents of retention rates in distribution networks based on local micro-entrepreneurs. Practical implications Findings have implications for different types of BoP initiatives by highlighting how intermediary organizations intervene to develop distribution models with a special focus on social impact. Originality/value This paper fills an important research gap by discussing social impact aspects in BoP supply chains by adopting the perspective of intermediary organizations.
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Abdalbaki, Salsabil M. "A cellular automata modelling approach in household water use." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.035.
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Abstract This paper explores the strength of simulation techniques in water conservation by employing a cellular automata (CA) modelling framework. The CA-based model allows the examination of various scenarios with different hypotheses in the context of water resources management in Egypt. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is applied to test the robustness of the model's results. The empirical results show that both social media posts as well as the fear of building the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia play a motivational role to encourage the individuals to conserve water in Egypt. This is supported by the effort of the most effective and influential categories (family, friends, and relatives, according to the results of the current study) because they are identified as the major influencers on the surrounding people in their social networks. For the results of sensitivity analysis, there is no significant difference between the results of implementing the model and the results of sensitivity analysis.
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Et al., Mlashu Tsegay. "The Status and Challenges of Women’s Sport Leadership In Ethiopia National Sport Organizations." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 4140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1478.
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Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing common set of goals, and it can also be defined as the ability of an individual to establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment from this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the direction’s outcomes. The purpose of the Current study was to investigate the status and challenges of women leaders in national sport organizations. Data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis from 216 men and women leaders and experts in organizations. Qualitative and quantitative data was used to determine the challenges of Women’s leadership s in Ethiopia national sport organization.data analysis focused on the groups that emerged from the collected data. Therefore, thematic analysis was used to accomplish main goals. And descriptive statistics was used in data analysis. This entails the use of frequency distribution tables and percentages to summarize data on the closed ended items in the questionnaire. Analysis of data employed Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20 softwarewere used to describe the results. The findings showed that the status of women’s in the organization is very low. Challenges that hinder women’s participation in national sport organization includepersonal limitations; lack of professional networks, lack of budget,family responsibilities, socio-cultural factors consisting of traditional practices and society’s perceptions on women’s..
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Gebrekirstos, Lielt Gebreselassie, Tsiyon Birhanu Wube, Meron Hadis Gebremedhin, and Eyasu Alem Lake. "Magnitude and determinants of adequate antenatal care service utilization among mothers in Southern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0251477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251477.
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Background Mortality from preventable pregnancy-related complications remains high in Ethiopia. Antenatal care remains a major public health intervention that prevents maternal and neonatal mortality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of adequate antenatal care utilization in Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 670 women. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire administered with a digital survey tool (open data kit) and directly exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. Descriptive statistics followed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results The magnitude of adequate antenatal care utilization was 23.13%. Tertiary and above education (AOR,4.15;95%CI: 1.95, 8.83), having the best friend who used maternal care (AOR,2.01;95%CI: 1.18,3.41), husband support (AOR,3.84; 95%CI: 1.05, 14.08), high wealth index (AOR,3.61; 95%CI: 1.86, 6.99), follow-up in private health facilities (AOR, 2.27;95% CI:1.33, 3.88), having a history of risky pregnancy (AOR,2.59; 95%CI: 1.55, 4.35), and planned pregnancy (AOR,2.60;95% CI: 1.35, 4.99) were significant determinants of overall adequate ANC service utilization. Conclusion The utilization of adequate antenatal care services is quite low. The study findings suggest that interventions should be in place to improve husband’s support, social networks, and women’s education. There is also a need to counsel women to utilize family planning.
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Suyum, Bikila Ayele. "Relocating Households to Unaccustomed Livelihood: The Impacts of Development-Induced Displacement in Urban Vicinity of Dukem Town, Central Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i3.15269.
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Involuntary displacement of people in the context of development projects often causes damage to livelihood of displaced people. The level of livelihood risks and impoverishments is often far reaching when the displaced people are relocated to unaccustomed livelihood settings. This research examined the impacts of development-induced displacement on the livelihoods of households displaced by Addis-Djibouti railway corridor construction in the vicinity of Dukem town. The study used mixed cross sectional research design. In-depth interview, focus group discussion and survey methods were used as tools of data collection. In addition, relevant secondary data were also collected from different secondary sources. The study used Cernea’s impoverishment risks and reconstruction model as an analytical framework. The study uncovered that majority of the displaced households have experienced deterioration of economic assets such as landlessness, cattlelessness and joblessness; decline in productivity and food insecurity, socioeconomic marginalization, weakening of social networks and deterioration of access to community services after displacement. Deterioration in access to the livelihood assets due to the displacement has resulted in impoverishments of livelihood of majority of the displaced households.
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Borowski, Piotr F. "Significance and Directions of Energy Development in African Countries." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154479.
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The development of energy networks and electrification is a major challenge in many African countries, which can contribute to reducing social inequalities. Energy, and above all electricity, is a decisive factor influencing the functioning of national governments. The power of governments in individual countries depends on the energy sector. Therefore, it is worth noting that during the presidential elections, candidates make many promises related to the improvement of the energy supply. The article shows, using the examples of Guinea, Ethiopia and Egypt, how politicians in the pre-election period use slogans related to the energy and development of the country. The innovative side of this article looks at how politicians keep their promises by using the energy sector and how they secure victory in the next election. The article linked the objective needs for the development of the energy sector resulting from the growing demand for energy with the motives of the decisions makers who want to maintain power through the implementation of new investments in the energy sector. The paper presents the results of research on the development of the energy sector and the motives for this development, explains how energy investments are realized, and discusses the environmental and social problems that arise when building huge hydropower stations.
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Asher, Laura, Rahel Birhane, Solomon Teferra, et al. "“Like a doctor, like a brother”: Achieving competence amongst lay health workers delivering community-based rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246158.
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Background There are gaps in our understanding of how non-specialists, such as lay health workers, can achieve core competencies to deliver psychosocial interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a 12-month mixed-methods study alongside the Rehabilitation Intervention for people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia (RISE) pilot study. We rated a total of 30 role-plays and 55 clinical encounters of ten community-based rehabilitation (CBR) lay workers using an Ethiopian adaptation of the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) structured observational rating scale. To explore factors influencing competence, six focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 CBR workers and two supervisors at three time-points. We conducted a thematic analysis and triangulated the qualitative and quantitative data. Results There were improvements in CBR worker competence throughout the training and 12-month pilot study. Therapeutic alliance competencies (e.g., empathy) saw the earliest improvements. Competencies in personal factors (e.g., substance use) and external factors (e.g., assessing social networks) were initially rated lower, but scores improved during the pilot. Problem-solving and giving advice competencies saw the least improvements overall. Multimodal training, including role-plays, field work and group discussions, contributed to early development of competence. Initial stigma towards CBR participants was reduced through contact. Over time CBR workers occupied dual roles of expert and close friend for the people with schizophrenia in the programme. Competence was sustained through peer supervision, which also supported wellbeing. More intensive specialist supervision was needed. Conclusion It is possible to equip lay health workers with the core competencies to deliver a psychosocial intervention for people with schizophrenia in a low-income setting. A prolonged period of work experience is needed to develop advanced skills such as problem-solving. A structured intervention with clear protocols, combined with peer supervision to support wellbeing, is recommended for good quality intervention delivery. Repeated ENACT assessments can feasibly and successfully be used to identify areas needing improvement and to guide on-going training and supervision.
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Bolli, Monique. "Innovators in Urban China: Makerspaces and Marginality with Impact." Urban Planning 5, no. 4 (2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i4.3218.
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In China, the emergence of makerspaces, hackerspaces, Fab Labs, and innovation labs reflects top-down and bottom-up dynamics. The grassroots movements and governmental efforts promoting innovation and creativity are part of the maker trend linked to the rise of the Internet and access to digital tools. The urban imaginary of the maker culture creates networks and events both globally and locally. The first makerspaces opened in Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2010 and attracted the attention of the government, which published an initiative in 2015 that influenced the typology of makerspaces in China. The ephemeral spaces for innovators, hackers, makers, and entrepreneurs shaped by this cultural context and local ecosystem are urban phenomena investigated with social anthropological and experimental methodologies to better understand the extension and platformisation of these autonomous and co-opted communities and narratives. This research fills the knowledge gap on makerspaces in China in recent years, showing the impact of governmental initiatives on a grassroots culture, the possible roles of makers, and the complexity and unlimitedness of the maker culture through international partnerships for projects such as Designed in Ethiopia and Kabakoo Academies.
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Mulder, Femke. "Governing the Humanitarian Knowledge Commons." Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (2020): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3138.
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Humanitarians and bureaucrats who are mandated to work together in complex emergencies face many challenges, especially in settings marked by conflict and displacement. High on the list of challenges are barriers to sharing knowledge freely. These barriers include (self)censorship, contested framings and priorities, deliberate ICT black-outs, and the withholding (or not collecting) of mission-critical information. These barriers exacerbate the gaps in knowledge sharing that occur as a result of a lack of time or capacity. This article conceptualises crisis knowledge as a ‘commons’: a shared resource that is subject to social dilemmas. The enclosure of the knowledge commons—brought about by the barriers outlined above—hampers daily operations as well as efforts to improve the situation in the long term. Trust is key to effective commons governance, as actors need to sacrifice personal benefits (e.g., control over information) for a collective good (e.g., shared learning). Knowledge and trust are deeply interlinked, as shared ways of knowing (alignment) foster trust, and trust fosters the sharing of knowledge. Given the hierarchical nature of humanitarian relationships, this article explores how power and networks shape this dynamic. It focuses on the humanitarian response to the 2018 Guji-Gedeo displacement crisis in the south of Ethiopia. It presents a qualitative analysis of how the governance arrangements that marked this response shaped emergency operations centres’ ability to manage the local knowledge commons effectively. It shows how in Guji-Gedeo, these arrangements resulted in a clustering of trust that strengthened barriers to knowledge sharing, resulting in a partial enclosure of the knowledge commons.
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Dibaba, Wakjira Takala. "A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM: TRAITS AND CONSEQUENCES / REVISÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE UM SISTEMA DE DRENAGEM URBANA: CARACTERÍSTICAS E CONSEQÜÊNCIAS." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 3, no. 3 (2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2018.37825.
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The negative effect of domestic effluents on the quantity and quality of water and urban amenities makes increasingly imperative to establish sustainable drainage systems in cities. Therefore, for a better plan and sustainable development of a town, it is highly imperative for environmentalists, hydrologists, land use planners and for storm and wastewater management to analyze the existing drainage system and predict the environmental responses to the discharges of urban drainage system. This study has analyzed the existing drainage system of Jimma city (Ethiopia) and identified the major factors contributing to the poor drainage performance. Jimma population growth has been increasing the problems caused by the uncontrolled release of domestic effluents and urban solid waste, with increasingly damaging consequences for the environmental quality, social wellness and economy of the city. With the intensification of Jimma development, surface water discharges from developed areas and uncontrolled wastes are being increasingly released, affecting social, environmental and economic state of the city. Lack of proper functioning drainage infrastructure, uncontrolled waste disposal, lack of periodic inspection and maintenance, poor connection of drainage networks and roads and carelessness led to the failure of the existing drainage system. These conditions caused drainage blockages, resulting in overflows and floods, leading to less and less attractive conditions in the city and making some places unfit to be inhabited. ResumoO efeito negativo dos efluentes domésticos sobre a quantidade e a qualidade da água e o bem estar urbano torna cada vez mais imperioso o estabelecimento de sistemas sustentáveis de drenagem. Por isso, a análise do sistema de drenagem existente e a previsão das respostas ambientais às descargas urbanas são altamente imperativas tendo em vista um melhor planejamento e desenvolvimento sustentável de uma cidade. Este estudo analisou o sistema de drenagem da cidade de Jimma (Etiópia) e identificou os principais fatores que contribuem para o seu mau funcionamento. O crescimento populacional de Jimma tem vindo a ampliar os problemas causados pela libertação descontrolada de efluentes domésticos e resíduos sólidos urbanos, com consequências cada vez mais nefastas para a qualidade ambiental, para o bem estar social e a economia da cidade. O funcionamento inadequado da infraestrutura de drenagem, o descarte descontrolado de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a falta de inspeção e manutenção periódicas, a conexão deficiente de redes de drenagem e estradas e o descuido conduziram á inoperância do sistema de drenagem existente. Estas condições causaram bloqueios de drenagem, resultando em transbordamentos e inundações, tornando a cidade cada vez menos atrativa e tornando alguns locais impróprios para ser habitados.
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Amzalag, Meital, Nelly Elias, and Yael Kali. "Adoption of Online Network Tools by Minority Students: The Case of Students of Ethiopian Origin in Israel." Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning 11 (2015): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2321.
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Students of Ethiopian origin belong to one of the weakest sectors in the Jewish population of Israel. During their studies they have to deal with social alienation, cultural gaps, economic hardships, and racial stereotypes which reduce their chances to successfully complete their academic degree. In this respect, the present research asks whether online social media could provide those youngsters with tools and resources for their better social integration and adaptation to the academic life. For this purpose, the study was conducted in one of Israel’s largest academic colleges while adopting a design-based research approach, which advanced gradually on a continuum between ‘ambient’ and ‘designed’ technology-enhanced learning communities. The interventions applied for this study aimed at examining how they may encourage students of Ethiopian origin to expand their activities in the online social learning groups. The findings indicate that the main pattern of students of Ethiopian origin online participation was peripheral and limited to viewing only. Nevertheless, the level of their online activity has been improved after a series of two interventions, which also led to a slight improvement in indicators of their social integration and in a change in their usage of online learning groups from social to academic uses.
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Endris, Getachew Shambel, Paul Kibwika, Jemal Yousuf Hassan, and Bernard B. Obaa. "Harnessing Social Capital for Resilience to Livelihood Shocks: Ethnographic Evidence of Indigenous Mutual Support Practices among Rural Households in Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Population Research 2017 (October 30, 2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4513607.
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In the absence of adequate support from formal social safety nets, rural households in Ethiopia have developed collective risk-sharing strategies to buffer them against adverse livelihood shocks, thus building their resilience capacities. Social capital and network based indigenous mutual support arrangements are the most important strategies that are institutionalized and widely practiced among rural households for centuries in Ethiopia to support households to cope with shocks. Nonetheless, resilience research and rural poverty alleviation policies have yet to fully recognize and embrace social capital as a tool to tackle poverty and vulnerability. Robust policy and academic studies on the role of indigenous welfare system with implications for social development policy making in Ethiopia are lacking. Using ethnographic techniques and simple descriptive statistics, we studied indigenous mutual support systems and how they shape the resilience trajectories of rural households against livelihood shocks within two selected PAs of Babille district of Oromia region. We found that mutual support practices are very effective in building coping resilience of households by smoothing consumption shocks. However, the traditional coping mechanisms often fail when the shock is systemic or covariate, when shocks last longer, and when a household has low level of human or finical capital.
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Jiren, Tolera Senbeto, Arvid Bergsten, Ine Dorresteijn, Neil French Collier, Julia Leventon, and Joern Fischer. "Integrating food security and biodiversity governance: A multi-level social network analysis in Ethiopia." Land Use Policy 78 (November 2018): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.07.014.
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Wossen, Tesfamicheal, Thomas Berger, Teferi Mequaninte, and Bamlaku Alamirew. "Social network effects on the adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices in Ethiopia." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 20, no. 6 (2013): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2013.856048.
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KLORMAN, BAT-ZION ERAQI. "Yemen, Aden and Ethiopia: Jewish Emigration and Italian Colonialism." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 19, no. 4 (2009): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186309990034.
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AbstractAfter Aden came under British rule (1839) its Jewish community was reinforced by Jewish immigrants from inland Yemen and also from other Middle Eastern countries. Some of the Adeni Jews, most of them British subjects, entered the Indian-British commercial network and expanded it to East Africa, mainly to Ethiopia, founding commercial strongholds there. From the late nineteenth century, Jews coming from Yemen joined the existing Adeni settlements.This paper compares the reasons for the emigration to Ethiopia of Adeni Jews and Yemeni Jews, and their economic and social status under Italian colonial regime (established in Eritrea in the 1880s). It discusses relations between these Jews, which it argues, were determined by the position of each group in the colonial hierarchy, and by the necessity of sustaining religious-communal life. Thus, in spite of their shared Yemeni origin and attendance at the same communal institutions, ethnicity and religion proved weaker than social and economic considerations, and the two groups cultivated a separate identity.
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Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O., and Alex Winter-Nelson. "Social Learning and Farm Technology in Ethiopia: Impacts by Technology, Network Type, and Poverty Status." Journal of Development Studies 48, no. 10 (2012): 1505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.693167.
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Bekele, Daniel, Tadesse Tolossa, Reta Tsegaye, and Wondesen Teshome. "The knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 pandemic prevention among residents of Ethiopia. An online cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0234585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234585.
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Background The disease from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been considered as an international concern and a pandemic starting from the declaration of the World Health Organization (WHO) as an outbreak disease. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the prevention of knowledge and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the residents of Ethiopia. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of Ethiopian residents via social platforms of the author’s network with popular social media such as Facebook, Telegram, and email. The snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants. In doing so, we collected the responses of 341 participants successfully from April 15 to 22, 2020. The collected data were analyzed by STATA version 14 software and descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the knowledge and practices of the community towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The majority of respondents 80.5% were male. About 91.2% of the participants heard about the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, out of 341 participants 90.0%, 93.8% of them knew that the COVID-19 pandemic was prevented by maintaining social distance and frequent handwashing, respectively. This shows that the prevention knowledge of the participants towards the COVID-19 by maintaining social distance and frequent handwashing was high. However, out of 341 participants only 61%,84% of them practiced social distance and frequent handwashing toward COVID-19, respectively. Conclusions The majority of the participants knew the ways to protect themselves from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), but there was a great problem of changing this prevention knowledge to practices. This shows that there is an action gap between having prevention knowledge of the COVID-19 and implementing it into practices to tackle the spread of the COVID-19 among communities. Therefore, the concerned body should be focused on providing awareness and education for the community regarding the implementation of prevention knowledge to practices.
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Bakewell, Oliver, and Caitlin Sturridge. "Extreme Risk Makes the Journey Feasible: Decision-Making amongst Migrants in the Horn of Africa." Social Inclusion 9, no. 1 (2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3653.
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This article explores how some potential migrants in the Horn of Africa incorporate the prospects of extreme danger into their journeys. It draws on evidence from qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with over 400 respondents, mainly from Ethiopian and Somali communities. It shows that the risks of migration within the Horn of Africa are often well known, thanks to strong migrant networks and improved mobile communications. Indeed, migrants may be better informed of the risks of the journey than they are about their prospects of securing a good living upon arrival. However, rather than discouraging people’s migration, high risk may open up new possibilities. This article supports this argument with two examples. First, as Yemen descended into civil war, the breakdown of state control created new opportunities to move undetected, notwithstanding the threat of injury and death. This helps explain why the number of Ethiopians passing through Yemen increased with the conflict, contrary to expectations. Second, some young Somalis are soliciting the services of smugglers to help them move towards Europe, knowing that they are likely to be abused and held for ransom en route. They gamble on their captors’ demands being met by family members, who would not otherwise have endorsed or paid for their journey. These findings challenge common assumptions about risk and decision-making, and suggests that some migrants may move because of, rather than in spite of, the risks involved. It also calls into question initiatives that seek to deter migration by raising awareness about the risks of the journey.
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Alemu, Sintayehu Hailu, Luuk van Kempen, and Ruerd Ruben. "The Long Shadow of Faith-based Social Networks on Agricultural Performance: Evidence from Ethiopian Apple Growers." European Journal of Development Research 30, no. 2 (2017): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-017-0094-3.
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Hussein, Jeylan Wolyie, Fekadu Beyene Kenee, and Richard Wentzell. "Politics of Protective Territoriality and Governance Challenges in the Geography of Networked Human Connectivity: the Jarso-Girhi case in Eastern Ethiopia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 2 (2016): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615577497.
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By focusing on the case of the Jarso and the Girhi in eastern Ethiopia, this article seeks to contribute to comparative studies on the social, territorial and relational effects of the effort at political and administrative decentralization in multi-ethnic settings. The article analyses the political and social implications of the elements that constitute impediments to social cohesion and socio-economic interaction in the study area. The data required for the study were collected through fieldwork that involved interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. On the basis of the analysis, the article recommends what should be done to create a relational politics of place in which places and spaces that connect people remain open, discontinuous, relational and internally diverse.
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Silitonga, Mirdat, Herien Puspitawati, and Istiqlaliyah Muflikhati. "MODAL SOSIAL, COPING EKONOMI, GEJALA STRES SUAMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF KELUARGA PADA KELUARGA TKW." JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) 5, no. 1 (2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jkkp.051.03.
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The achievement of family well - being is an aspiration of all families including families of migrant workers, to achieve the well - being of one of the ways that the families of migrant workers with the departure of the wife work as domestic servants in various countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze social capital, economic coping, sress symptom’s husband and family subjektive well - being of women migrant workers. This research use cross sectional studies. The location was chosen purposively in Tanggeung Village, Pagermaneuh Village, Margaluyu Village, Karangtengah Village, Tanggeung District and Pasirdalam Village Kadupandak District, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Seventy five families were selected purposively among the families of women migrant workers. The finding indicates that social capital is in the moderate category, the coping economy is in the moderate category, the sress symptom’s husband is in the low category and the family well-being is in the low category. Finding in this study family subjective well-being is influenced by income per capita, sress symptom’s husband and economic coping.
 Keywords: economic coping, family subjective well-being, social capital, stress symptom
 
 Abstrak
 Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan sesuatu yang ingin dicapai seluruh keluarga, termasuk keluarga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW), untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh keluarga TKW adalah mengirim istri sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di berbagai negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi dipilih dengan metode purposive di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cianjur, Kecamatan Tanggeung, Desa Pagermaneuh, Desa Marguluyu, Desa Karangtengah, Desa Tanggeung, Kecamatan Kadupandak, Desa Pasirdalam. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 keluarga TKW dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan modal sosial berada pada kategori sedang, coping ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang, gelaja stres suami berada pada kategori rendah, dan kesejahteraan subjektif berada pada kategori rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kesejahteraan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, gelaja stres suami, dan coping ekonomi.
 Kata kunci : coping ekonomi, gejala stres, kesejahteraan subjektif, modal sosial.
 
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Hydarav, Rustam, Obianuju Igweonu, Saumya Anand, et al. "Establishment and Use of Polio Communication Network in Response to Polio in Outbreak Countries of the Horn of Africa: 2013–2014." Journal of Immunological Sciences Special Issue, no. 2 (2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2021/s2.1117.
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Background: Between 2013 and 2014, the Horn of Africa countries experienced a severe and prolonged outbreak of polio viruses. It started in one district in Somalia but quickly became a national and even international disaster, crossing international boundaries into Kenya and Ethiopia. This paper documents experiences in the establishment and contributions of the Polio Communication Network (PCN) to the polio outbreak response in the outbreak countries of Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia from 2013 to 2015. Process: The establishment of the PCN network of partnerships and technical assistance was designed to implement a strategic communication response. Various strategies were used to establish the PCN. Some of these strategies included partnerships with faith-based organizations; involvement of local leaders in microplanning; social mobilization committees and research, monitoring, evaluation and documentation structures. Major Outcomes: PCN contributions through sustained high levels of community awareness of polio rounds were demonstrated. The contributions of the context-sensitive approaches included significant gains in reaching traditionally missed, hard-to-reach, pastoral communities with polio information, improved communication capacity, and successful closure of the outbreak within the expected timeline. This PCN experience provides important communication lessons relevant to polio eradication and other public health programmes. The focus on building capacity in areas such as monitoring, and data collection generated social data that led to the communication approaches making a significant impact. PCN contributed to a better understanding of the behavioral and environmental factors affecting the demand for, and uptake of, health services in the HoA which can be extended to most of the countries in the HoA with the same demographic and epidemiological realities. Conclusion: The use of the PCN helped bring the 2013-2014 polio outbreak under control and illustrates how the PCN can help drive progress towards the realization of the agenda of the universal health coverage and vision 2030 agenda in the African Region and elsewhere.
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Hazim, Carmen, Rajiha Abubeker Ibrahim, Matthew Westercamp, et al. "Establishment of a Sentinel Laboratory-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network in Ethiopia." Health Security 16, S1 (2018): S—30—S—36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2018.0052.
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Torkelsson, Åsa. "Resources, Not Capital: A Case Study of the Gendered Distribution and Productivity of Social Network Ties in Rural Ethiopia*." Rural Sociology 72, no. 4 (2007): 583–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1526/003601107782638710.
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Selim, Kamal S., and Salsabil M. Abdalbaki. "On the relationship between virtual water network and crops intra-trade among Nile basin countries." Water Policy 21, no. 3 (2019): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.074.
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Abstract This paper aims to investigate the relationship between virtual water (VW) exports and crop exchange by employing the methodology of social network analysis (SNA). This descriptive analysis gives prudence for policy-makers about both central importers and influential exporters of VW using the degree and eigenvector centrality measures. In addition, to facilitate the communications between trading partners, each of them should reach the others with the fewest number of links, so, the small world network properties could be examined. This approach is applied on the yearly average VW exports of the Nile basin countries over the period 2000–2013, and some insights for VW exchange structure are investigated. The empirical results show that all Nile basin countries do not suffer from vulnerable VW export structure. They have a stable and balanced crop export structure. Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania are identified as the most influential and effective countries in exporting VW of crops. The presence of these countries is unavoidable in drawing trade policy and water management plans. While Kenya succeeded in saving a significant amount from VW export network, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia are gaining losses. Furthermore, VW export network of crops among Nile basin countries satisfies the conditions of small world effect.
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Takahashi, Ryo, Yasuyuki Todo, and Terefe Degefa. "The effects of a participatory approach on the adoption of agricultural technology: Focusing on the social network structure in rural Ethiopia." Studies in Agricultural Economics 117, no. 1 (2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7896/j.1504.
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Fernandez, Bina. "Traffickers, Brokers, Employment Agents, and Social Networks: The Regulation of Intermediaries in the Migration of Ethiopian Domestic Workers to the Middle East." International Migration Review 47, no. 4 (2013): 814–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12049.
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