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Journal articles on the topic 'Social neutrality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Carroll, Ian J. "Neutrality and the Social Contract." Les ateliers de l'éthique 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044458ar.

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Given the fact of moral disagreement, theories of state neutrality which rely on moral premises will have limited application, in that they will fail to motivate anyone who rejects the moral premises on which they are based. By contrast, contractarian theories can be consistent with moral scepticism, and can therefore avoid this limitation. In this paper, I construct a contractarian model which I claim is sceptically consistent and includes a principle of state neutrality as a necessary condition. The principle of neutrality which I derive incorporates two conceptions of neutrality (consequential neutrality and justificatory neutrality) which have usually been thought of as distinct and incompatible. I argue that contractarianism gives us a unified account of these conceptions. Ultimately, the conclusion that neutrality can be derived without violating the constraint established by moral scepticism turns out to rely on an assumption of equal precontractual bargaining power. I do not attempt to defend this assumption here. If the assumption cannot be defended in a sceptically consistent fashion, then the argument for neutrality given here is claimed to be morally minimal, rather than fully consistent with moral scepticism.

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2

Sheppard, Nicholas Paul. "Social Network Neutrality, Anyone? [Commentary]." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 35, no. 2 (June 2016): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mts.2016.2572739.

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3

Sainsaulieu, Ivan. "Il coinvolgimento del sociologo nel suo oggetto: il caso del lavoro sociale, sanitario e di cura." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (October 2009): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-su3010.

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- Sociologist's role inside social and health professions is strictly connected to his/her sociological commitment or intervention. The dilemma is, as many have highlighted, the integration and the distance between humanist empathy and axiological neutrality. The aim of this article is to compare the sociologist's involvement and the specificity of its object, verifying if that commitment affects the social configuration of its object.Key words: professional, involvement, social work, care work, sociology of work, neutrality.Parole chiave: professione, coinvolgimento, lavoro sociale, lavoro di cura, sociologia del lavoro, neutralitÀ.

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4

Shin, Dong-Hee. "A Non-Economic Model of the Social Value of Network Policy." Journal of Global Information Management 24, no. 2 (April 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2016040101.

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To understand market dynamics relating to net neutrality better, in particular from the end-user perspective, this study examines consumer perception of neutrality and the public value under debate within the neutrality discussions. Focusing on the user perspective, it analyzes the policy effectiveness of current net neutrality by analyzing user perception and opinion. A value model is proposed to empirically test the policy effectiveness by incorporating factors representing net neutrality. The factors are drawn from people's perceived concepts of net neutrality. The findings show that while competition and regulation are the two main factors constituting net neutrality, each of them influences the formation of attitude toward policy effectiveness differently. This study contributes to policymakers by increasing an understanding of market dynamics relating to net neutrality, in particular from the end-user perspective.

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5

Schahczenski, Celia. "Net neutrality, computing and social change." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 38, no. 2 (June 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1386585.1386591.

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6

GALLANT, THOMAS F. "Dewey, Social Reconstruction, and Institutional Neutrality." Educational Theory 22, no. 4 (April 2, 2007): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1972.tb00579.x.

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7

Hylton, Keith N. "Law, Social Welfare, and Net Neutrality." Review of Industrial Organization 50, no. 4 (November 29, 2016): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-016-9552-x.

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8

Anderson, Byron. "Net Neutrality." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 25, no. 2 (August 8, 2007): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v25n02_05.

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9

Ferrari, Silvio. "Le Principe de neutralité en Italie/ The Principle of Neutrality in Italy." Archives de sciences sociales des religions 101, no. 1 (1998): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/assr.1998.1202.

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10

Weinstock, Daniel M. "A Neutral Conception of Reasonableness?" Episteme 3, no. 3 (October 2006): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/epi.2006.3.3.234.

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ABSTRACTMuch liberal theorizing of the past twenty years has been built around a conception of neutrality and an accompanying virtue of reasonableness according to which citizens ought to be able to view public policy debates from a perspective detached from their comprehensive conceptions of the good. The view of “justificatory neutrality” that emerges from this view is discussed and rejected as embodying controversial views about the relationship of individuals to their conceptions of the good. It is shown to be based upon a “protestant” assumption according to which conceptions of the good can be cashed out in terms of propositionalbeliefs. An alternative conception of reasonableness, grounded in the stable disposition of individuals to prefer social peace over conflict is described. It is argued that it better satisfies the neutralist requirement than do theories of justificatory neutrality.

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11

Forester, John, and David Stitzel. "Beyond Neutrality." Negotiation Journal 5, no. 3 (July 1989): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1989.tb00521.x.

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12

Haworth, Lawrence. "Liberal Neutrality." Dialogue 27, no. 4 (1988): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300020321.

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In Patterns of Moral Complexity, Charles Larmore describes three related ways in which moral and political theory are more complex than is often allowed. He objects to three parallel simplifications: that moral decision making largely consists in the application of rules to particular situations; that the ideals by which we are guided in our personal (private, social) lives should also do service as political ideals, a simplification which he calls “expressivism”; and that there is but a single source of moral value (that we must be either consequentialists, or deontologists, or endorse the “principle of partiality”). Against these simplifications he argues in a sort of Aristotelian way for (1) the centrality of judgment in moral reasoning; (2) for the liberal principle that the state should not strive to express our highest personal ideal; and (3) for the, I suppose eclectic, view that partiality, deontological reasons, and consequentialist reasons all have a place in moral reasoning and that therefore the moral person may well be caught in conflicts that present him or her with tragic choices. These are the three “patterns of moral complexity” that the title of the book refers to.

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13

Macdonald, Stephen, and Briony Birdi. "The concept of neutrality: a new approach." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2019-0102.

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Purpose Neutrality is a much debated value in library and information science (LIS). The “neutrality debate” is characterised by opinionated discussions in contrasting contexts. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature by bringing these conceptions together holistically, with potential to deepen understanding of LIS neutrality. Design/methodology/approach First, a literature review identified conceptions of neutrality reported in the LIS literature. Second, seven phenomenographic interviews with LIS professionals were conducted across three professional sectors. To maximise variation, each sector comprised at least one interview with a professional of five or fewer years’ experience and one with ten or more years’ experience. Third, conceptions from the literature and interviews were compared for similarities and disparities. Findings In four conceptions, each were found in the literature and interviews. In the literature, these were labelled: “favourable”, “tacit value”, “social institutions” and “value-laden profession”, whilst in interviews they were labelled: “core value”, “subservient”, “ambivalent”, and “hidden values”. The study’s main finding notes the “ambivalent” conception in interviews is not captured by a largely polarised literature, which oversimplifies neutrality’s complexity. To accommodate this complexity, it is suggested that future research should look to reconcile perceptions from either side of the “neutral non-neutral divide” through an inclusive normative framework. Originality/value This study’s value lies in its descriptive methodology, which brings LIS neutrality together in a holistic framework. This framework brings a contextual awareness to LIS neutrality lacking in previous research. This awareness has the potential to change the tone of the LIS neutrality debate.

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14

Shilton, Katie. "Engaging Values Despite Neutrality." Science, Technology, & Human Values 43, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243917714869.

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Internet protocol development is a social process, and resulting protocols are shaped by their developers’ politics and values. This article argues that the work of protocol development (and more broadly, infrastructure design) poses barriers to developers’ reflection upon values and politics in protocol design. A participant observation of a team developing internet protocols revealed that difficulties defining the stakeholders in an infrastructure and tensions between local and global viewpoints both complicated values reflection. Further, Internet architects tended to equate a core value of interoperability with values neutrality. The article describes how particular work practices within infrastructure development overcame these challenges by engaging developers in praxis: situated, lived experience of the social nature of technology.

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15

Drążkiewicz, Elżbieta. "Neutrality in foreign aid." Focaal 2017, no. 77 (March 1, 2017): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.770108.

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Since the late 1990s, researchers have been predicting that the era of neutrality in aid politics is coming to an end and that foreign organizations will have to take a more engaged stance. Yet while the boundaries between humanitarianism and development are fading, in some cases the neutrality norm is actually expanding rather than giving way to an engaged paradigm. Recognizing that the principles of neutrality and independence have different meanings for different actors and that they are applied in various ways, this article examines how the humanitarian developers—small NGOs operating in Jonglei State in South Sudan—use these paradigms. The article shows that their specific variant of neutrality is not so much a pragmatic tool enabling operations in difficult settings, but instead is a structural form of identity. In this variation, neutrality is not about the absence of a political stance, but about standing apart from social structures and social immunity.

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16

Parker, Malcolm. "Misconceiving “Neutrality” in Bioethics: Rejoinder to “Bioethics and the Myth of Neutrality”." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 16, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09907-3.

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17

Katz, Jerry S. "Reconsidering Therapeutic Neutrality." Clinical Social Work Journal 38, no. 3 (April 16, 2010): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-010-0272-7.

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18

Sadurski, Wojciech. "Theory of Punishment, Social Justice, and Liberal Neutrality." Law and Philosophy 7, no. 3 (1988): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3504642.

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19

Sadurski, Wojciech. "Theory of punishment, social justice, and liberal neutrality." Law and Philosophy 7, no. 3 (1989): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00152517.

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20

ROSS-BROWN, SAM. "Net Neutrality and the Fight for Social Justice:." Tikkun 30, no. 3 (2015): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08879982-3140272.

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21

Gibson, Amelia N., Renate L. Chancellor, Nicole A. Cooke, Sarah Park Dahlen, Shari A. Lee, and Yasmeen L. Shorish. "Libraries on the frontlines: neutrality and social justice." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 8 (November 20, 2017): 751–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2016-0100.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine libraries’ responsibility to engage with and support communities of color as they challenge systemic racism, engage in the political process, and exercise their right to free speech. Many libraries have ignored the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, citing the need to maintain neutrality. Despite extensive scholarship questioning the validity of this concept, the framing of library neutrality as nonpartisanship continues. This paper examines librarianship’s engagement with, and disengagement from black communities through the lens of the BLM movement. It also explores the implications of education, engagement, and activism for people of color and libraries today. Design/methodology/approach The authors have engaged the topic from a critical race perspective as a practice in exercising voice – telling stories, presenting counterstories, and practicing advocacy (Ladson-Billings, 1998). Findings The assertion that libraries have been socially and politically neutral organizations is ahistorical. When libraries decide not to address issues relevant to people of color, they are not embodying neutrality; they are actively electing not to support the information and service needs of a service population. In order for libraries to live up to their core values, they must engage actively with communities, especially when those communities are in crisis. Originality/value As a service field, librarianship has an ethos, values, and history that parallel those of many other service fields. This paper has implications for developing understanding of questions about equitable service provision.

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22

D'Agostino, Fred. "Social Science as a Social Institution: Neutrality and the Politics of Social Research." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 25, no. 3 (September 1995): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839319502500308.

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23

Kraut, Richard. "Politics, Neutrality, and the Good." Social Philosophy and Policy 16, no. 1 (1999): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505250000234x.

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A large number of prominent philosophers have in recent years advocated the thesis that the modern nation-state should adopt a stance of neutrality toward questions about the nature of the human good. The government, according to this way of thinking, has two proper goals, neither of which require it to make assumptions about what the constituents of a flourishing life are. First, the state must protect people against the invasion of their rights and uphold those principles of justice without which there can be no stable and lasting social order. This goal is accomplished through a guarantee of basic civil liberties and the enforcement of a criminal code that prohibits murder, theft, fraud, and other widely recognized harms. Second, the state should promote the general welfare of the citizens by providing them with or helping them acquire the resources they need in order to lead lives of their own choosing. There are certain all-purpose means that people need in order to accomplish their goals—money, health, opportunities for employment—and it is legitimate for the state to pursue policies that enable citizens to acquire these goods. It may build roads, raise an army, regulate the economy, insure standards of safety, and supervise any other projects that give people the basic wherewithal they need to pursue their own ends.

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24

Mednikov, I. Y. "Historical Significance of the Spanish Neutrality in the First World War." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(37) (August 28, 2014): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-26-34.

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The article deals with an insufficiently studied problem, Spanish neutrality during the First World War. The author analyzes its historical significance in the international context, as well in the context of political, economical and social evolution of Spain. Spain was one of the few major European Powers that maintained its neutrality throughout the First World War. Although all Spanish governments during the conflict declared strict neutrality, it was, in actual fact, benevolent towards the Entente Powers, and by the end of hostilities Spain turned into "neutral ally" of Entente. This benevolence towards the future winners and a wide humanitarian campaign supported and headed by the King Alfonso XIII enabled Spain to improve her position in the postwar system of international relations; Spain became one of the non-permanent members of the League of Nations Council. Nevertheless the Spanish neutrality had a negative impact upon the social, political and economical evolution of Spain. The social stratification was increased, the public opinion was deeply divided and the social conflicts were aggravated, that considerably affected the further evolution of the Spanish society.

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25

Zecha, Gerhard. "Value-neutrality and criticism." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01801800.

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26

Mishra, Debasis, and Arunava Sen. "Robertsʼ Theorem with neutrality: A social welfare ordering approach." Games and Economic Behavior 75, no. 1 (May 2012): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2011.11.005.

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27

Graumann, Carl. "Comments on Hugh Lacey’s “Neutrality in the Social Sciences”." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 27, no. 2-3 (October 9, 2008): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00044.

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28

Shamai, Michal. "Beyond neutrality - a politically oriented systemic intervention." Journal of Family Therapy 21, no. 2 (May 1999): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00115.

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29

Guy, Jean-Sebastien. "Are Value-Neutrality and Value-Engagement Properties of Social Actors or Social Moments?" Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 55, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cars.12196.

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30

BALABANIAN, NORMAN. "On the presumed neutrality of technology." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 25, no. 4 (January 2006): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtas.2006.261460.

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31

Dawson, Angus, Christopher F. C. Jordens, Paul Macneill, and Deborah Zion. "Bioethics and the Myth of Neutrality." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-018-9885-2.

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32

Mulcahy, Linda. "The Possibilities and Desirability of Mediator Neutrality - Towards an Ethic of Partiality?" Social & Legal Studies 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a020411.

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This article draws on an empirical study of community mediation to question the possibility and desirability of mediator neutrality. It argues that, although the notion of neutrality is central to discussions of adjudication and mediation, debate on the topic remains intellectually flawed and empirically problematic. Emphasis on the aspirational nature of neutrality encourages us to ignore the suggestion that rather than facilitating fair process and outcome the standard of neutrality could serve to exacerbate existing inequalities between disputants. When discussed in the context of mediation the ideal becomes even more suspect as mediation promises 'alternatives' to the inadequacies of court-based adjudication. This article explores the questions raised by a group of mediators who rejected the possibility and desirability of mediation in favour of a more reflexive approach to third-party intervention in disputes. It suggests that, rather than aspiring to the empty goal of neutrality, we should be debating the possibility of partiality as an ethical standard to govern dispute resolution.

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33

Halas, Elzbieta. "Through social values to the reinterpretation of sociology's ethical neutrality." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 1 (February 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2016-001004.

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34

Pagowsky, Nicole, and Niamh Wallace. "Black Lives Matter!: Shedding library neutrality rhetoric for social justice." College & Research Libraries News 76, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 196–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.76.4.9293.

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35

Beckwith, Francis J., and John F. Peppin. "Physician Value Neutrality: A Critique." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 1 (2000): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00318.x.

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Although the notion of physician value neutrality (PVN) in medicine may be traced back to the writings of Sir William Osler, it is relatively new to medicine and medical ethics. We argue in this paper that how physician value neutrality (PVN) has been cashed out is often obscure and its defense not persuasive. In addition, we argue that the social/political implementation of neutrality, Political Liberalism (PL), fails, and thus, PVN's case is weakened, for PVN's justification relies largely on the reasoning undergirding PL. For these reasons, we conclude that PVN has no philosophical or ethical warrant and thus should be abandoned. We suggest that the physician present to her patients some type of statement or creed that would give them an idea of where she stands on important axiological issues and how these stands are cashed out clinically.

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36

Cobb, Sara, and Janet Rifkin. "Practice and Paradox: Deconstructing Neutrality in Mediation." Law & Social Inquiry 16, no. 1 (1991): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/492327.

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37

Cecchetti, Stephen G. "Testing Short-Run Neutrality: International Evidence." Review of Economics and Statistics 69, no. 1 (February 1987): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937910.

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38

Gauger, Jean. "Disaggregate Level Evidence on Monetary Neutrality." Review of Economics and Statistics 70, no. 4 (November 1988): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1935832.

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39

Reichman, Hank. "Is It Legal?" Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy 1, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v1i4.6321.

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40

PAN, Jiahua. "Highlighting Carbon Neutrality in Building Beautiful Cities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 09, no. 02 (June 2021): 2175002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748121750026.

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The “Proposals for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035” puts forth that there will be a fundamental improvement in the environment with the goal of building a Beautiful China basically. One of the key measurements of Beautiful China is carbon neutrality orientation. The task of achieving carbon neutrality is arduous, and the key difficulty of carbon neutrality lies in cities. The author believes there should be a timetable and a roadmap for carbon neutrality in cities. First, it is necessary to clarify the goal of achieving carbon emissions peak in the “14th Five-Year Plan”. Second, urban renewal, old city reconstruction and new infrastructure need to be incorporated into carbon constraints, so as to strictly prevent carbon locks, and fundamentally eliminate carbon demands. Third, the new construction, expansion or reconstruction of cities needs to be oriented by carbon neutrality.

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41

Johnson, Heidi R. "Foucault, the “Facts,” and the Fiction of Neutrality: Neutrality in Librarianship and Peer Review." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 1 (January 28, 2016): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v1.24304.

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This paper brings together two discourses in librarianship, that of neutrality in the context of library services, and that of peer review, which is of concern for librarianship as it moves more into the realm of scholarly communication. It points out the shortcomings of this ethical principle within the context of library services, using LIS literature on the opposition between neutrality and the commitment to social justice. It also uses Foucault’s theories on discipline, and knowledge and power, and Latour and Woolgar’s analysis of the construction of scientific facts, to critique the concept of neutrality. Then it asks how that critique applies to the practice of peer review, in which the expectation is that reviewers will be neutral or impartial judges of manuscripts. Findings suggest that the principle of neutrality, with a slightly different meaning in this context, does have useful applications to peer review, ensuring fairness. Although neutrality may never be possible completely, cross-disciplinary literature suggests ways to limit the effects of bias. Thus, librarians can better understand the different meanings of neutrality in these different contexts, including its usefulness and limitations.

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42

Matz, David. "Beyond Neutrality and Toward Engagement." Negotiation Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2005.00051.x.

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43

Charlesworth, Tessa E. S., and Mahzarin R. Banaji. "Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: I. Long-Term Change and Stability From 2007 to 2016." Psychological Science 30, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618813087.

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Using 4.4 million tests of implicit and explicit attitudes measured continuously from an Internet population of U.S. respondents over 13 years, we conducted the first comparative analysis using time-series models to examine patterns of long-term change in six social-group attitudes: sexual orientation, race, skin tone, age, disability, and body weight. Even within just a decade, all explicit responses showed change toward attitude neutrality. Parallel implicit responses also showed change toward neutrality for sexual orientation, race, and skin-tone attitudes but revealed stability over time for age and disability attitudes and change away from neutrality for body-weight attitudes. These data provide previously unavailable evidence for long-term implicit attitude change and stability across multiple social groups; the data can be used to generate and test theoretical predictions as well as construct forecasts of future attitudes.

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44

Kimmitt, Jonathan, and Pablo Muñoz. "Sensemaking the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 859–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618789230.

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In the collective imagination, the practices and outcomes of social entrepreneurship seem to hold hope for a better future. So far, these practices have been largely assumed as idealised types with the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship underexplored. Such assumed neutrality, we argue, is hampering the development of a more robust theoretical corpus for understanding the phenomenon and inspiring practices that are more effective. In this article, we analyse the sensemaking of the social in social entrepreneurship by exploring the ways in which social entrepreneurs make sense of social problems and develop solutions for addressing them. Our empirical analyses of the stories of 15 social entrepreneurs indicate two distinct types of sensemaking and sensegiving practices, aligned with Amartya Sen’s notions of social justice. Drawing on these findings, sensemaking and social justice theory, we elaborate a two-type social sensemaking model pertaining to the appreciation and assessment of circumstances and the differing problem/solution combinations emerging from alternative ontological views of what constitutes a social problem.

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45

Frommen, Joachim G., Sophie Hanak, Christina A. Schmidl, and Timo Thünken. "Visible Implant Elastomer tagging influences social preferences of zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Behaviour 152, no. 12-13 (2015): 1765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003303.

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Identification of individuals is a prerequisite in many behavioural studies. Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) colour tags are a well-established way to mark animals. VIE tagging does not seem to affect individual growth or survival. However, studies verifying their neutrality during social interactions are less common. Here, individual male and female zebrafishDanio reriowere simultaneously given the choice between two shoals, each consisting of six fish. Members of one shoal were uniformly marked with one VIE tag of a given colour, whereas the other shoal was sham-tagged. In total, 10 different colours were used. Test fish spent significantly more time near the tagged shoal (56%) than near the sham-tagged shoal (44%). Tag colour did not significantly influence the preferences. The results highlight the importance of confirming the neutrality of colour tags before using them in behavioural studies. Especially, our study advises caution when using marked and unmarked fish simultaneously.

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46

Reichman, Hank. "From the Bench." Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy 2, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v2i2.6478.

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47

PATTEN, ALAN. "Liberal Neutrality and Language Policy." Philosophy Public Affairs 31, no. 4 (October 2003): 356–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2003.00356.x.

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Stojković, Dejan, and Miroslav Glišić. "Serbia’s Military Neutrality: Is It Economically Beneficial?" Defence and Peace Economics 31, no. 5 (November 26, 2018): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2018.1547952.

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Terzopoulou, Zoi, and Ulle Endriss. "Neutrality and relative acceptability in judgment aggregation." Social Choice and Welfare 55, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01230-5.

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Abstract:

AbstractOne of the fundamental normative principles in social choice theory is that of neutrality. In the context of judgment aggregation, neutrality is encoded in the form of an axiom expressing that, when two possible judgments enjoy the same support amongst the individuals, then either both or neither of them should be accepted. This is a reasonable requirement in many scenarios. However, we argue that for scenarios in which individuals are asked to pass judgment on very diverse kinds of propositions, a notion of relative acceptability is better suited. We capture this notion by a new axiom that hinges on a binary “acceptability” relation A between propositions: if a given coalition accepting a proposition p entails the collective acceptance of p, then the same should be true for every other proposition q related to p via A. Intuitively, pAq means that p is at least as acceptable as q. Classical neutrality is then a special case where all propositions are equally acceptable. We show that our new axiom allows us to circumvent a classical impossibility theorem in judgment aggregation for certain scenarios of practical interest. Also, we offer a precise characterisation of all scenarios that are safe, in the sense that any aggregation rule respecting the relative acceptability between propositions will always return logically consistent outcomes.

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Formby, John P., Steven G. Medema, and W. James Smith. "Tax Neutrality and Social Welfare in a Comptutational General Equilibrium Framework." Public Finance Quarterly 23, no. 4 (October 1995): 419–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219502300401.

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