Academic literature on the topic 'Social organization of craft production'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Hagstrum, Melissa. "Household Production in Chaco Canyon Society." American Antiquity 66, no. 1 (2001): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694317.
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The household is the most basic and flexible component of human social organization. It is through the household that we can understand the Chaco phenomenon from the point of view of agriculture and craft production. Households strive for autonomy and self-sufficiency and they spread themselves thin to meet basic subsistence requirements. As a result, scheduling of agricultural and craft activities is critical to the success of the household. Craft technologies must be complementary with agricultural activities; for example, pottery may be made during the heat of the day when agricultural tasks are at a lull. The concept of intersecting technologies suggests that technical knowledge, resources, and labor may be shared among crafts and other activities. Chacoan households probably specialized in the production of different crafts including pottery, jewelry, basketry, and other woven goods. Within the context of the Chaco regional system the mobilization of labor would have been through obligatory work assignments that complemented domestic autonomy in agricultural production and, as a result, would have been organized seasonally.
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Valiulina, S. I. "The Social Structure of Medieval Craft in the Volga Region Based on Archaeological Data." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 6 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.6.35-46.
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The social structure of medieval craft in the Volga region was studied with the help of archaeological data. For this purpose, the manufacturing techniques were analyzed and described. Reconstruction of the craft organization demands a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis (integration of the traditional archaeological and archaeometric methods) of craft products, raw materials, and workshops. This approach was applied to the investigation of the Bilyar settlement, which is the best studied pre-Mongolian monument and, therefore, the most informative one. The conclusions were made about the organizational specifics of the Bulgarian craft, concerning, in particular, its topography within the city. Two major social forms were singled out: palatial (khan) craft and free small commodity production. Three main components of craft associations were established: apprenticeship institution, settling by professions inherent in the organized craft, and manufacture control. The progressive development of the Bulgar craft was disrupted by the Mongol invasion that changed the vector of cultural development in all craft areas. New trends in the craft organization typical of the Golden Horde were particularly pronounced in the Lower Volga capitals of Sarai al-Mahrusa (Selitrennoye settlement) and Sarai al-Jedid (Tsarevskoye settlement).
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Bernier, Hélène. "Craft Specialists at Moche: Organization, Affiliations, and Identities." Latin American Antiquity 21, no. 1 (2010): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.21.1.22.
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AbstractThis article examines the organization of specialized craft production at the urban site of Moche, known as the capital of the Southern Moche state. Recent excavations in workshop contexts revealed that the urban population of Moche was in part composed of ceramists, metallurgists, and lapidaries. These craft specialists played a significant role in the economic, political, and religious spheres of the Moche polity. Data obtained during excavations of workshops and domestic compounds are used to analyze the context, scale, and intensity of craft production, taking into account the nature of the goods produced and the identity of consumers. The discussion also considers the integration of craft specialists into the daily life and social structure at the site of Moche. Excavations showed that while urban craft specialists were not independent, they were not tightly controlled by a centralized ruling elite. They produced symbolic goods in various small to middle-scale workshops integrated into residential units, under the direct authority of urban leaders taking advantage of this particular organization of semi-attached craft production in various status-building strategies.
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Luke, Christina, and Robert H. Tykot. "CELEBRATING PLACE THROUGH LUXURY CRAFT PRODUCTION." Ancient Mesoamerica 18, no. 2 (2007): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610700020x.
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AbstractThis paper explores the production of Late to Terminal Classic Ulua marble vases (ca. 600/650–800/850a.d.), the hallmark luxury good from the lower Ulua Valley of northwestern Honduras. Unlike other areas of the greater Maya world, no one center appears to have held political sway in the valley. Yet marble-vase production at Travesia indicates that, through the patronization of this specific artifact, the site was able to celebrate its identity at home as well as abroad. Here the long-term production of the vases is investigated through a detailed analysis of stylistic groups and corresponding stable-isotope signatures from vases and potential procurement zones. The stylistic data suggest centralized production, which is confirmed through chemical signatures of vases and one specific procurement site. We argue that longstanding traditions of carving vases from marble in the Ulua Valley guided Travesian artisans in their procurement choices. The stylistic and chemical data augment settlement and ceramic data to situate vase production in its local social and political environment. In this case, luxury production corresponds not to a rise in central political authority but, rather, to a centrally located social center. The prestige granted to these luxury vases, then, stems from local histories of social and political networks that linked, rather than fragmented, communities. The results indicate that studies of material-cultural remains should consider the relationships between distinctive local social relations and the organization of craft production as integrative, not separate, processes.
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Costin, Cathy L., and Melissa B. Hagstrum. "Standardization, Labor Investment, Skill, and the Organization of Ceramic Production in Late Prehispanic Highland Peru." American Antiquity 60, no. 4 (1995): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282046.
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Specialization encompasses many ways to organize craft production, ranging from small, household-based work units to large workshops. Distinctive types of specialization develop in response to various social, economic, and environmental factors, including the demand for crafts, the social relations of producers, and the support base for artisans. These factors in turn influence manufacturing technology. Thus, different types of specialization can be characterized by a “technological profile,” which reflects relative labor investment, skill, and standardization. An analysis of Prehispanic ceramic technology in the central sierra of Peru demonstrates how these technological profiles can be used to identify the ways ceramic production was organized to provision consumers with utilitarian and luxury pottery. As we demonstrate in our analysis of pottery recovered in the Yanamarca Valley, utilitarian Wanka-style cookwares and storage jars were produced by independent household-based artisans, while imperial Inka-style jars were produced by locally recruited corvee labor working for the state.
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Bell, Emma, M. Tina Dacin, and Maria Laura Toraldo. "Craft Imaginaries – Past, Present and Future." Organization Theory 2, no. 1 (2021): 263178772199114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631787721991141.
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This paper contributes to debates about craft authenticity by turning attention to the craft imaginary. We suggest that the significance of craft stems from its role in constructing an alternative social imaginary that challenges dominant, modernist imaginaries of industrial production and consumption. Our focus is on the role of imaginaries in determining how societies, communities, organizations and individuals embody temporal relations to the past that extend into the present and future. We show how the craft imaginary comprises histories, traditions, places and bodies and use this to develop a distinction between the imaginary of craft-in-the-past and future-oriented craft imaginaries. Through this, we seek to highlight the organizational possibilities of craft as a source of innovation, inclusivity and disruption.
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McFarlane, William J., and Edward M. Schortman. "PRISMATIC BLADE PRODUCTION IN THE LOWER CACAULAPA VALLEY, HONDURAS: IMPLICATIONS FOR A LATE CLASSIC POLITICAL ECONOMY." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 4 (2017): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.53.
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Investigations of ancient political economies frequently focus on craft production. How manufacturing is organized can provide critical insights on more than the economy because social interactions and political processes are also involved. Here we consider how the acquisition, fabrication, and distribution of obsidian blades figured in the political strategies of craftworkers and elites within the Late Classic (AD 600–800) lower Cacaulapa Valley, northwestern Honduras. This evidence provides insights into the organization of craft manufacture across southeastern Mesoamerica and suggests that current models do not capture the varied production strategies that may be pursued within the same polity.
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Shimada, Izumi, and Ursel Wagner. "Peruvian Black Pottery Production and Metalworking: A Middle Sicán CraftWorkshop at Huaca Sialupe." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 1 (2001): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.15.
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The technical sophistication and virtuosity of prehispanic Andean ceramics are so often praised in the literature that it may appear that there is a large body of supportive, empirical findings. To the contrary, in-depth technical and more comprehensive technological studies have been rare. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the many facets and stages of the technology and organization of craft production requires a correspondingly comprehensive, sustained effort—one built on interdisciplinary collaboration and longterm regional study of environmental, historical, social, and technological factors.
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VanPool, Todd L., Kenneth W. Kircher, Christine S. VanPool, and Gordon F. M. Rakita. "Social Interaction, Social Status, and the Organization of Medio Period Craft Production as Evidenced in Ground Stone Artifacts from 76 Draw." Lithic Technology 42, no. 2-3 (2017): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2017.1305483.
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Inikori, Joseph E. "Slavery and the Revolution in Cotton Textile Production in England." Social Science History 13, no. 4 (1989): 343–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020514.
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From the point of view of the preindustrial world, the development of the English cotton textile industry in the eighteenth century was truly revolutionary. The industry was established early in the century as a peasant craft (section 2; note 2), and by 1850 it had been almost completely transformed in terms of the organization and technology of production. Of the total work force of 374,000 employed in the industry in 1850, only 43,000 (approximately 11.5 percent of the total) were employed outside the factory system of organization. In terms of technology, the industry was virtually mechanized by this time: there were 20,977,000 spindles and 250,000 power looms in the industry in 1850. What is more, steam had become the dominant form of power used in the industry—71,000 horsepower supplied by steam as opposed to 11,000 supplied by water (Mitchell, 1962: 185, 187). Value added in the industry by this time exceeded by about 50 percent that in the woolen textile industry, the dominant industry in England for over four centuries. This rate of development was something that had never been experienced in any industry in the preindustrial world. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution in England, in the strict sense of the phrase, is little more than a revolution in eighteenth-century cotton textile production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Leung, Lai-yue Ciris, and 梁麗榆. "The social organization of a Cantonese opera performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29751093.
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Gerth, Robert. "The Role of Production Topology in Information Based Structuring of Organizations : The design of craft-based and industrialized construction firms." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Produktionssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133918.
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Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown that the conventional housing firms have an ETO-production topology, while industrialized housing firms belonging to one of the others, i.e. MTO, ATO or MSP. The reason is that ETO-firms rely on crafts-based production to manage the work, while the other topologies base their steering mechanisms on industrial principles. These two types of production are fundamentally different, which also explain the need for different organization structures. The research complements previous knowledge and significantly increases the ability to predict, analyze and explain an organization’s design and behavior. The model can be used in practice to guide business development work and performance improvement programs.<br><p>Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113</p>
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Swan, Lorraine. "Minerals and Managers: : production contexts as evidence for social organization in Zimbabwean prehistory." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, African and Comparative Archaeology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8588.
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<p>In the Zimbabwean past, farming societies utilized mineral resources for their own use and for exchange to local and regional populations, as well as to markets beyond African borders. Successful agriculture was constrained by environmental hazards, principally unpredictable and often inadequate rainfall. Farming communities managed this predicament in various ways. It is likely that some groups used mineral resources found in the vicinity of their settlements to produce materials or items to exchange. The social contexts that defined the nature of mineral production and exchange altered between the mid-first and mid-second millennium AD, as social ranks emerged and political and economic systems became increasingly complex. The thesis is a commentary on how the motivation of society to broaden its resource base, to improve the benefits to households and to society in general, contributed to the emergence of leaders and, ultimately, of an elite class. The focus of the research is on iron and copper production because the author has examined gold production thoroughly in a previous study. Four published papers outline the history of iron and copper production in Zimbabwe. The papers provide case studies of the scale and social context of iron and copper production and exchange.</p>
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Swan, Lorraine M. "Minerals and managers : production contexts as evidence for social organization in Zimbabwean prehistory /." Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, African and Comparative Archaeology, Uppsala University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8588.
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Gorbatai, Andreea. "Social Structure and Mechanisms of Collective Production: Evidence from Wikipedia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10304.
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In my dissertation I propose three counterintuitive social mechanisms to alleviate the risk that collective production will fail to maintain participant involvement and respond to demand. My first study, based on a panel dataset of edits and views of articles in the English Wikipedia, shows that, although collective production lacks a price-like mechanism to estimate demand for the goods it produces, consumers’ contributions act as such a signal to expert producers. In the second paper I examine the theory that collective production participation is greatest when social norms of collaboration are obeyed. Using a large panel dataset of production networks and normrelated behavior in Wikipedia, I show that social norm infringement is not completely detrimental to participation because norm enforcement increases the likelihood that the beneficiary producer continues participating. In my third paper, I rely on interviews with experienced Wikipedia producers to examine whether producers’ ties to non-participants in collective production increase the likelihood of turnover, and whether producers’ embeddedness in collective production reduces turnover risk. Surprisingly, I find that producers with networks rich in ties to non-producers and with a task-oriented approach to collective production are those least likely to stop participating.
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Freeman, Brett W. "The social organization of ground stone production, distribution, and consumption in the Quijos Valley, Eastern Ecuador." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3244.
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This thesis explores the Quijos Valley ground stone economy in relation to
broader social, political, and economic aspects of the Quijos chiefdoms during the Late
Period (AD 500 – 1500). In particular, this research examines the extent to which ground
stone craft production was a dimension of social differentiation during a period marked
by the greatest sociopolitical transformations. Ultimately, this research suggests that Late
Period ground stone production was an independent and part-time household activity, and
not an avenue of elite aggrandizement. However, aspects of this research have aimed to
show that certain forms of ground stone were important implements of household
maintenance, both socially and economically. This research is embedded within the
Quijos Valley Regional Archaeological Project (QVRAP) and has aimed to contribute to
our understanding of the development of social complexity within this region, as well as
contributing to our understanding of ground stone craft production more generally.<br>x, 244 leaves ; 29 cm
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Hedegaard, Joel. "The production and maintenance of inequalities in health care : A communicative perspective." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Livslångt lärande/Encell, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24380.
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The Swedish health care system does not offer care on equal terms for all its end-users. Discrimination toward patients can take the form substandard communication toward women or foreign born patients. Discrimination is also embedded in the organizational context. Health care is under pressure to increase efficiency and quality of care at the same time. There is a risk that demands for equality will be pushed aside. This thesis aims to contribute to our understanding of how discrimination is expressed in interpersonal- and organizational communication within health care, and highlight educational implications for health care practices. This thesis is comprised of three empirical studies and one conceptual study. In the first study, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used to categorize gender patterns in communication between health care workers and patients, and finds that both patients and health care workers reproduced the gender order. Open questions created a setting less prone to be limited by gender stereotypes. In the second study, CDA is used and complemented with Linell’s dialogic perspective in order to explore whether patients who were native speakers of Swedish were constructed differently than those who were not, in patient-physician consultations. Findings indicated that the non-native speakers actually were model, participative patients according to patient-centered care. Notwithstanding this they were met by argumentation, whereas the more amenable native patients were met by accommodating responses. In the third study, qualitative content analysis is used to analyze how health care workers talked about patients in their absence. The results revealed that communication about patients who were perceived as not acting according to socially accepted gender norms contained negative and disparaging statements. The final study focused on Clinical Microsystems, a New Public Management-based model for multi-professional collaboration and improvement of health care delivery. Drawing on theories of New Public Management, gender, and organizational control, this study argues that the construction of innovative and flexible health care workers risks reproducing the gender order. The thesis concludes that gender and ethnic stereotypes are reproduced in health care communication, and that an efficiency-inspired organizational and institutional discourse may be an impediment to equal care. This calls for focus on learning about communication for prospective and existing health care workers in a multicultural health care context.
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Moore, Christopher R. "PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE GREEN RIVER REGION OF WESTERN KENTUCKY: A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF TWO SHELL MIDDEN SITES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/130.
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The Green River region of western Kentucky has been a focus of Archaic period research since 1915. Currently, the region is playing an important role in discussions of Archaic hunter-gatherer cultural complexity. Unfortunately, many of the larger Green River sites contain several archaeological components ranging from the Early to Late Archaic periods. Understanding culture change requires that these multiple components somehow be sorted and addressed individually.
Detailed re-analyses of Works Progress Administration (WPA) era artifact collections from two archaeological sites in the Green River region – the Baker (15Mu12) and Chiggerville (15Oh1) shell middens – indicate that these sites are relatively isolated Middle and Late Archaic components, respectively. The relatively unmixed character of Baker and Chiggerville makes these sites excellent candidates for evaluating aspects of complexity during the Archaic.
After developing a theoretical basis for evaluating the relative complexity of the social organization of the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants on the basis of the material record they left behind, I employ detailed analyses of the bone, antler, and stone tools from these two sites to examine six microscalar aspects of complexity – technological organization, subsistence, specialization, leadership, communication networks, and exchange. These microscalar aspects of complexity all can be linked materially to the archaeological record of the Green River region and can be evaluated as proxies for changes in social organization among the hunter-gatherers who inhabited this region during the Middle and Late Archaic periods. Although the Baker assemblage indicated greater complexity in communication networks and certain proxies for leadership and technological organization, most indicators suggest that the Chiggerville site inhabitants were the more complexly organized group and were in the process of developing a tribal-like social formation. This research, therefore, tentatively supports the hypothesis of increasing complexity through time during the Archaic. However, marked differences in the technological strategies utilized by the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants indicates these groups may not have been historically related, thereby violating one of the primary assumptions of the project. If this alternative hypothesis is confirmed through additional research, then no conclusions concerning change through time can be derived from this study.
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Pinheiro, Aureliano Marques. "Cultura material: a produção de artesanato na terra indígena Beija- flor." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2543.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-30<br>This paper has as objective to analyze the aspects of handicraft production and its relation to the creation of Beija-Flor Indigenous Land and aspects of social organization. It will be presented in the contextualization of the Amazon, aspects of the transformation of the indigenous peoples way of life from contact with European settlers and new relationships developed in space, to become the territory structured by the values of non-indigenous. The European conquest caused the displacement of many indigenous people from their places of origin to settle elsewhere, forming communities, is destabilized and restructuring themselves, resulting in the absorption values of others. The paper discusses the transformation of Beija-Flor Indigenous Community in the Indian land, contemplating their interests and conflicts arising from it. The origin of the community is related to the production of handicrafts for the market, and to support this aspect, we dealt with the meaning of material culture related to the importance of the techniques in human and art of indigenous peoples. It was used the literature and field research through interviews with forms, obtaining as a result the identification of the type of crafts produced in the community, such as ornaments, weapons and games, musical instruments and ritual, twisted, and the social and economic aspects related to the production of handicrafts, ethnic groups that live there, profiles of individuals and crafts typical of every people, raw materials and obtaining the same place and meaning of the craft for each ethnicity.<br>Este trabalho tem, por objetivo, analisar os aspectos da produção de artesanato e sua relação com a criação da Terra Indígena Beija-Flor e aspectos de sua organização social. Serão apresentados, na contextualização da Amazônia, aspectos da transformação do modo de vida dos povos indígenas a partir do contato com o colonizador europeu e das novas relações desenvolvidas no espaço, para se tornar território estruturado pelos valores do não indígena. A conquista europeia provocou o deslocamento de vários indivíduos indígenas de seus lugares de origem para se estabelecerem em outros lugares, formando comunidades, desestruturando-se e reestruturando-se, implicando na absorção de valores diferentes dos seus. Será apresentado o processo de transformação da Comunidade Indígena Beija-Flor em Terra Indígena, contemplando os interesses e os conflitos decorrentes do mesmo. A origem da comunidade está relacionada com a produção de artesanato para o mercado, e, para embasar este aspecto, abordou-se sobre o significado da cultura material, relacionado com a importância das técnicas nas atividades humanas e arte dos povos indígenas. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, através de entrevistas com formulários, obtendo-se como resultado a identificação da tipologia do artesanato produzido na comunidade, tais como adornos, armas e jogos, instrumentos musicais e ritualísticos, trançados, bem como os aspectos sociais e econômicos relacionados no processo de produção de artesanato, as etnias que lá habitam, perfil dos indivíduos e o artesanato característico de cada povo; matéria-prima e local de obtenção da mesma e o significado do artesanato para cada etnia.
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Chalvignac, Benoît. "Collective production processes, cooperation and incentives : experimental explorations." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830965.
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The study of knowledge creation processes has pointed to the complexity of individual interactions within productive organizations. This complexity appears to be such that incentive-based theories of the firm, which focus on information processing issues, may fail to grasp a substantial part of the individual decision-making involved in the context of organizational learning, and more broadly in collective production processes. In this thesis we use experimental methods to study the determinants of cooperation, in order to refine the behavioral assumptions on which economic theories of collective production are based. We show that the two visions of cooperation embodied in competing theories of the firm - a behavior to be elicited from diverging interests and an emergent property stemming from social interactions among agents - find support from the laboratory experiments. Accordingly, we conclude that both approaches should be upheld and possibly combined in a broader, integrative, analytical framework.
Books on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Craft production and social change in northern China. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
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Underhill, Anne P. Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0641-6.
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Arnold, Philip J. Domestic Ceramic production and spatial organization: A Mexican case study in ethnoarchaeology. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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Greis, Gloria Polizzotti. Relations of production: Social networks, social change and the organization of agriculture in late prehistoric southern Britain. J. and E. Hedges, 2002.
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Relations of production: Social networks, social change and the organization of agriculture in late prehistoric southern Britain. John and Erica Hedges, 2002.
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author, Brinkmann Svend, ed. InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Sage Publications, 2015.
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Svend, Brinkmann, ed. InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2009.
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Schramm, Hans-Joachim. Freight Forwarder's Intermediary Role in Multimodal Transport Chains: A Social Network Approach. Physica-Verlag HD, 2012.
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Berger, Guy. Social structure and rural development in the Third World. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Underhill, Anne P. "Food, Craft Production, and Social Inequality." In Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0641-6_3.
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Underhill, Anne P. "Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China." In Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0641-6_8.
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Koschmann, Timothy, Robert Sigley, Alan Zemel, and Carolyn Maher. "How the “Machinery” of Sense Production Changes Over Time." In Longitudinal Studies on the Organization of Social Interaction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57007-9_6.
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Hofbruckerová, Zdenka, and Martin Václavík. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND OF THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM INTO A NEW ORGANIZATION." In Quality Production Improvement - QPI, edited by Robert Ulewicz. Sciendo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9783110680591-027.
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Milios, John, and Dimitris P. Sotiropoulos. "Capitalist Mode of Production and Social Formation: Conclusions Concerning the Organization of Capitalist Power." In Rethinking Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250642_6.
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Wolkenhauer, Anna. "International Organizations and Food: Nearing the End of the Lean Season?" In International Organizations in Global Social Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65439-9_13.
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AbstractThis chapter maps the field of international organizations (IOs) in food that has been institutionalized as a global policy field since WWII and has undergone several shifts since then. The chapter traces the emergence of the major IOs of the field, especially the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Program, and more recently also the International Labor Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund. The second half of the twentieth century began with visionary ideas about the global regulation of food production and consumption, moved to a concern with smallholders and food security, and ended with a neoliberal shift away from production toward ensuring consumption through world trade. The new millennium is marked by a rhetorical consensus between the main IOs, new debates about production, hopes in the social protection agenda, as well as increasingly vocal organized critics of the dominant order.
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Arnold, Dean E. "Introduction: Craft Specialization and Social Complexity." In The Evolution of Ceramic Production Organization in a Maya Community. University Press of Colorado, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5876/9781607323143.c001.
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Bhan, Kuldeep K. "Some Important Aspects of Technology and Craft Production in the Indus Civilization with Specific Reference to Gujarat." In Walking with the Unicorn: Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19vbgkc.10.
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Goody, E. N. "Craft Production, Anthropology of." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00834-2.
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Goody, Esther N. "Craft Production, Anthropology of." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.12044-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Zantman, Armand, Stuart Chia, and Pat Cook. "Taking the Mystery Out of Social Responsibility by Developing a Transparent Business Process Within an Exploration and Production Organization." In SPE Americas E&P Health, Safety, Security, and Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/142066-ms.
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Santos, Flavia, Thiago Rodrigues, Diana F. Adamatti, et al. "Modeling Role Interactions in a Social Organization for the Simulation of the Social Production and Management of Urban Ecosystems: The Case of San Jerónimo Vegetable Garden of Seville, Spain." In 2012 Third Brazilian Workshop on Social Simulation (BWSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bwss.2012.17.
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RAUPELIENĖ, Asta, Rasa RUKUIŽIENĖ, Olga V. TERESCHENKO, and Nadezda V. EFIMOVA. "CONCEPTUAL OUTLOOK TO SOCIAL INNOVATION IN EU." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.127.
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The generic theory of social innovation appeared in early 2000. Therefore, the role of social innovation was been increased in last decades in the light of macroeconomic transformation of World economy and the great development of social networks. Under social networking new business activites appear in the globalized market, even known as social business. Most programmes of the European Commision have orientation on a high speed of knowledge transfering from scientific research system to business or public life. New organization models of business use a tremendous amount of social information and usually social networks serve for the greater impact on improving structure of business environment and implementation of digital managerial solutions. Social networking serves for production of new knowledge and creation of the new ecosystems for social innovation. The authors of this article are presenting the new aspects of social innovation performance by using the content analysis for identification the role and functions of social innovation under digitalization of business environment. The research is focused on the clarification of social networking effects and better understanding why social innovation is becoming so powerful tool for business start-ups and social communication. The content analysis is used in case to highlight the comparative aspects of social innovation in different economical activities.
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Bretos, Ignacio, Millán Díaz-Foncea, Clara Sarasa, Alla Kristina Lozenko, and Carmen Marcuello. "Social entrepreneurship as a tool for promoting critical, paradoxical learning in the field of business organization and management: An experiment from the University of Zaragoza." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.10996.
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There is a growing interest in examining subversive interventions by scholars that may involve the production of new subjectivities, the constitution of new organizational models, and the linking of these models with current social movements. This paper presents the case of the Social Economy Lab (LAB_ES), created in the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Zaragoza in 2017. In particular, we discuss the main experiences and interventions made from the LAB_ES around three areas of work: (1) the space of collective work; (2) the space of participation for the university community; and (3) the space of collective research. The study reflects the possibilities of including the study of alternative organizations in the education agenda. These organizations are guided by principles that include democracy, equality, emancipation and environmental sustainability. Likewise, the results and interventions of the LAB_ES are discussed not only to foster critical thinking among the students, but also to provide this group with skills for starting up alternative projects of organization and management outside the university. Finally, some key conclusions are drawn about the role of the LAB_ES as a space for collective research and collective production of critical knowledge about business organization and management, through the involvement of different actors.
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Ugolo, Jerry Obaro. "Impact of Public Health on Oil Production Operation Expenditure – Case Study: Covid-19 Era Expenses in Nigeria Oil & Gas Industry." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208229-ms.
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Abstract Oil price is primarily determined by global supply and demand forces as well as governments policies and action or inaction of institutions like OPEC. However, in recent times, it has become evident that public health is a vital factor influencing demand and in turn oil price. In US, oil price reached a negative value for the first time in history by April 2020. Personnel and public health have been shown to have profound effect on operational expenditure (OPEX) of organizations, this in turn affecting the profitability of such organizations. Extra measures involving cost, had to be taken by organizations all over the world to ensure health and safety of their personnel in their sites. In Nigeria, effect of covid-19 measures for companies were, shut in of production, declaration of force majeure on ongoing contracts, slashing of costs, suspension on evaluation of future projects, profile assets for sale, remote/tele working, etc. Huge costs were also incurred as a part of corporate social responsibility for host communities/states where they operate. The consequential outcome is that there are reports of lower than planned profitability and liquidity positions. This paper examines action taken during this covid crisis and their impact on the financial status of their organizations. Using a quantitative and descriptive research design, an online survey has been used to gather information from respondents from different oil and gas companies of cost incurred by them. Secondary data was also obtained from quarterly reports of some companies of the oil majors to show their profitability comparing Q1-Q4 of 2019 and 2020. The paper also appraises action and inaction by corporate/government bodies to stimulate economic growth and help its personnel/citizenry. An attempt is also made to glean experience and lessons from organization that lived through the periods being examined.
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Sadigov, Rahim. "CONCEPTUAL BASES OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.62.
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The main purpose of the research paper is to study the strategic management of human resources in industrial enterprises, career development and stimulation in the activity. Labor resources are active elements in the production of goods, the creation of material wealth and the provision of services to society. Human resources are important ones in all areas of the national economy. Human resources act as a creative component in the organization and management using their mental, spiritual and psychological capabilities. Human resources study and analyze technical, technological possibilities and financial sources, make management decisions as a leading resource in any organization. Research methodology is related in personnel policy and the comprehensive study of strategic human resource management. Human resource management in industrial enterprises is the main subsystem management system. This issue affects on the development of the enterprise, increasing the quality of products, economic efficiency and profits. The importance of the research paper - is to apply the results in the management of industrial enterprises. Human resource management contributes to sustainable operation in enterprises and organizations. The scientific novelty of the research is the definition of a successful personnel policy in the enterprise. Thus, the article identifies strategic goals in human resource management, and develops a corporate concept in this area. The article discusses the application of new technologies for career development. The application of innovations and methods in the implementation of management functions is the basis for motivating the workforce in an organization. All functions and management methods are applied in the process of strategic management of human resources. Management methods are social in nature, as well as ensure the direct development of employees, labor resources and actively influence on the outcome. Management methods lead to the expansion of financial and economic activities of the enterprise, the development of economic activities, the growth of labor resources. Management methods allow to increase competitiveness, as well as to attract partners, suppliers, customers and others. In this regard, our research can be commended in terms of the application of innovation in management.
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Klimuk, Vladimir V., and Andrejs Lazdins. "Modelling the neo-industrialization strategy as a mechanism of innovative activity of industrial business." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.013.
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Research goal: discover the importance of the innovation process in the context of education - science and production. Research tasks: describe the theoretical elements of the innovation process in relation to the Belarusian experience; to develop a model of innovation implementation science - education – production. Research methods: methods of situation description and process systematics were used in the research; statistical and modelling method of data. The most important competitive advantage of industrial enterprises, especially in the current situation - the coronavirus crisis, are innovations formed in the product concept, technological vector, management tactics and the general strategy of the organization. To bring an idea to the market requires its detailed feasibility study, testing, commercialization, scaling, and re-innovation. Successfully passed the stages of approbation and implementation of new innovations create a basic complex of competitive advantages of the industry, and its new orts of development. The role of scientific and educational potential, the introduction of a cooperative model of resource use to achieve economic and social effect has been determined. The paper proposes a toolkit for assessing the effectiveness of a neo-industrialization strategy in the direction of enhancing the innovative activity of industrial business entities, analysing the calculated results, including using the proposed visualization toolkit. Types of neo-industrialization strategies with a set of key components of the impact on the level of development of the sector are presented. Research innovation: a stage model for the introduction of useful innovations from science - education to production has been developed.
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Vitale, Anna Serena, and Margherita Pillan. "Products as communication platforms: Investigating and foretelling the evolution of product&service systems in the digital era." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3329.
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In the lifecycle of material products, from the very initial design phase of concept generation to the final disposal, information and communication have always played a prominent part that, in the digital era, is growing and is expected to grow further, also enabling the blooming of grass root and bottom-up changes in the galaxy of design-production-retail systems. Since the beginning of the human history, commerce has been playing a major role in shaping social organization systems. Retail services are not just a way to obtain goods: they provide opportunities for social relationship and cultural growth, and can be considered as a field for social innovation. Our research is aimed to investigate the systemic changes that are occurring in the realm of information and communication services in retail of material products, and their consequences on design, production and distribution processes. The research is supported by TIM-Telecom Italia, it is a wide-ranging study of social, professional and industrial phenomena enabled by digital technologies, and it involves both physical (i.e. traditional distribution in physical retail spaces) and on line services. Our goal is to outline strategic approaches to the design of innovative service/systems and, presently, we mainly focus on two key issue: - understanding and modelling the tangle of factors that determine the user experience in traditional and digital shopping processes; - develop design methodologies supporting the creation of new meaningful services so to support the customers in the understanding of value and in the search of quality in shopping processes. The paper investigates new social behaviors related to shopping, such as show-rooming and web-rooming, and we demonstrate that the pervasive use of mobile devices produces new social phenomena in retail processes and enables new opportunities to create value in retail services. From the investigation of on-line and off-line markets, it emerges the importance of social dynamics and human interactions belonging to physical world: relational dynamics and knowledge acquisition processes play a very important role in the elicitation of senses and emotions, in cultural upgrading, value understanding, quality awareness, trust building. Thereafter, a driving research questions is: how can we orient the design of innovative services so to improve the relationship between customers and retailers? The analysis of these new trends and the presentations of some design experiences bring us to the definition of some strategic directions guiding the generation of new paradigms of services in the retail field.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3329
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Navarro, Mariano, Fernando Go´mez, and Emilio Garci´a. "Lessons Learned From the Operation of a LILW National Disposal Centre: The Cabril and the Spanish Case." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16029.
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Spain occupies a relatively important position in experience in the field of LILW management. The management of LILW in Spain may be defined as an integrated system encompassing the entire spectrum; from production controls, removal and transport, to disposal. In this system, a clear definition of the responsibilities of each of the people involved plays a fundamental role. ENRESA, the organization in charge of radioactive waste management in Spain, has been operating the El Cabril LILW disposal facility since 1992, this installation being a key component in the national LILW management programme. Over the years ENRESA has acquired significant operating experience from a multi-disciplinary point of view, including technical, economic and social aspects. To date, since the design phase of the facility and over more than fifteen years, ENRESA has adopted a series of decisions and has undertaken programmes and activities that have allowed the installation to evolve into the reality that it now is. The aim of this paper is to present the lessons learned from a strategic point of view and in relation to the most relevant and significant aspects that have facilitated the normal operation of the facility, and the development of specific solutions to the challenges posed by the performance of activities, and the emerging needs of the Spanish programme.
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Tsakalerou, Mariza. "Globalization and Engineering Education: The Pendulum Has Swung Again." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.educationconf.2019.11.795.
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World-wide trade is transforming critically the production and distribution of goods and services and changing fundamentally the engineering profession. As critical technological skills migrate abroad, the competitiveness of nations is impacted severely and fundamental social and economic patterns are disrupted. Globalization has changed the nature, organization and location of engineering and research and development and necessitated significant changes in engineering education. Modern engineering curricula are expected to promote innovative thinking and to develop the interdisciplinary skills needed to become a successful practitioner in a global context. Dedicated courses on Globalization and Engineering are often part of an array of advanced course reinforcing the issues, concepts and methodologies shaping engineering in a world increasingly without borders. Currently, there are growing concerns about the impact of globalization on the maintenance of critical technological skills and research capacity within the context of the enterprise or the national interest. The uncertainty surrounding the changes advanced by globalization has led to spirited debates in many companies, regions and countries regarding the way globalization forces impact the competitive environment. Free trade has come under attack worldwide, after years of discounting the possibility of significant losses from its advance. The backlash against globalization and the emerging trade wars are again re-shaping engineering education. In a world becoming rapidly compartmentalized, engineering education is asked to address the needs of the increasingly national enterprise. It is imperative that the learning outcomes that have enriched engineering curricula in the last decade should not disappear with the receding popularity of globalization.
Reports on the topic "Social organization of craft production"
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world