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Journal articles on the topic 'Social organization of craft production'
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1
Hagstrum, Melissa. "Household Production in Chaco Canyon Society." American Antiquity 66, no. 1 (2001): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694317.
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The household is the most basic and flexible component of human social organization. It is through the household that we can understand the Chaco phenomenon from the point of view of agriculture and craft production. Households strive for autonomy and self-sufficiency and they spread themselves thin to meet basic subsistence requirements. As a result, scheduling of agricultural and craft activities is critical to the success of the household. Craft technologies must be complementary with agricultural activities; for example, pottery may be made during the heat of the day when agricultural tasks are at a lull. The concept of intersecting technologies suggests that technical knowledge, resources, and labor may be shared among crafts and other activities. Chacoan households probably specialized in the production of different crafts including pottery, jewelry, basketry, and other woven goods. Within the context of the Chaco regional system the mobilization of labor would have been through obligatory work assignments that complemented domestic autonomy in agricultural production and, as a result, would have been organized seasonally.
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Valiulina, S. I. "The Social Structure of Medieval Craft in the Volga Region Based on Archaeological Data." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 6 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.6.35-46.
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The social structure of medieval craft in the Volga region was studied with the help of archaeological data. For this purpose, the manufacturing techniques were analyzed and described. Reconstruction of the craft organization demands a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis (integration of the traditional archaeological and archaeometric methods) of craft products, raw materials, and workshops. This approach was applied to the investigation of the Bilyar settlement, which is the best studied pre-Mongolian monument and, therefore, the most informative one. The conclusions were made about the organizational specifics of the Bulgarian craft, concerning, in particular, its topography within the city. Two major social forms were singled out: palatial (khan) craft and free small commodity production. Three main components of craft associations were established: apprenticeship institution, settling by professions inherent in the organized craft, and manufacture control. The progressive development of the Bulgar craft was disrupted by the Mongol invasion that changed the vector of cultural development in all craft areas. New trends in the craft organization typical of the Golden Horde were particularly pronounced in the Lower Volga capitals of Sarai al-Mahrusa (Selitrennoye settlement) and Sarai al-Jedid (Tsarevskoye settlement).
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Bernier, Hélène. "Craft Specialists at Moche: Organization, Affiliations, and Identities." Latin American Antiquity 21, no. 1 (2010): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.21.1.22.
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AbstractThis article examines the organization of specialized craft production at the urban site of Moche, known as the capital of the Southern Moche state. Recent excavations in workshop contexts revealed that the urban population of Moche was in part composed of ceramists, metallurgists, and lapidaries. These craft specialists played a significant role in the economic, political, and religious spheres of the Moche polity. Data obtained during excavations of workshops and domestic compounds are used to analyze the context, scale, and intensity of craft production, taking into account the nature of the goods produced and the identity of consumers. The discussion also considers the integration of craft specialists into the daily life and social structure at the site of Moche. Excavations showed that while urban craft specialists were not independent, they were not tightly controlled by a centralized ruling elite. They produced symbolic goods in various small to middle-scale workshops integrated into residential units, under the direct authority of urban leaders taking advantage of this particular organization of semi-attached craft production in various status-building strategies.
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Luke, Christina, and Robert H. Tykot. "CELEBRATING PLACE THROUGH LUXURY CRAFT PRODUCTION." Ancient Mesoamerica 18, no. 2 (2007): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610700020x.
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AbstractThis paper explores the production of Late to Terminal Classic Ulua marble vases (ca. 600/650–800/850a.d.), the hallmark luxury good from the lower Ulua Valley of northwestern Honduras. Unlike other areas of the greater Maya world, no one center appears to have held political sway in the valley. Yet marble-vase production at Travesia indicates that, through the patronization of this specific artifact, the site was able to celebrate its identity at home as well as abroad. Here the long-term production of the vases is investigated through a detailed analysis of stylistic groups and corresponding stable-isotope signatures from vases and potential procurement zones. The stylistic data suggest centralized production, which is confirmed through chemical signatures of vases and one specific procurement site. We argue that longstanding traditions of carving vases from marble in the Ulua Valley guided Travesian artisans in their procurement choices. The stylistic and chemical data augment settlement and ceramic data to situate vase production in its local social and political environment. In this case, luxury production corresponds not to a rise in central political authority but, rather, to a centrally located social center. The prestige granted to these luxury vases, then, stems from local histories of social and political networks that linked, rather than fragmented, communities. The results indicate that studies of material-cultural remains should consider the relationships between distinctive local social relations and the organization of craft production as integrative, not separate, processes.
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Costin, Cathy L., and Melissa B. Hagstrum. "Standardization, Labor Investment, Skill, and the Organization of Ceramic Production in Late Prehispanic Highland Peru." American Antiquity 60, no. 4 (1995): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282046.
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Specialization encompasses many ways to organize craft production, ranging from small, household-based work units to large workshops. Distinctive types of specialization develop in response to various social, economic, and environmental factors, including the demand for crafts, the social relations of producers, and the support base for artisans. These factors in turn influence manufacturing technology. Thus, different types of specialization can be characterized by a “technological profile,” which reflects relative labor investment, skill, and standardization. An analysis of Prehispanic ceramic technology in the central sierra of Peru demonstrates how these technological profiles can be used to identify the ways ceramic production was organized to provision consumers with utilitarian and luxury pottery. As we demonstrate in our analysis of pottery recovered in the Yanamarca Valley, utilitarian Wanka-style cookwares and storage jars were produced by independent household-based artisans, while imperial Inka-style jars were produced by locally recruited corvee labor working for the state.
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Bell, Emma, M. Tina Dacin, and Maria Laura Toraldo. "Craft Imaginaries – Past, Present and Future." Organization Theory 2, no. 1 (2021): 263178772199114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631787721991141.
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This paper contributes to debates about craft authenticity by turning attention to the craft imaginary. We suggest that the significance of craft stems from its role in constructing an alternative social imaginary that challenges dominant, modernist imaginaries of industrial production and consumption. Our focus is on the role of imaginaries in determining how societies, communities, organizations and individuals embody temporal relations to the past that extend into the present and future. We show how the craft imaginary comprises histories, traditions, places and bodies and use this to develop a distinction between the imaginary of craft-in-the-past and future-oriented craft imaginaries. Through this, we seek to highlight the organizational possibilities of craft as a source of innovation, inclusivity and disruption.
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McFarlane, William J., and Edward M. Schortman. "PRISMATIC BLADE PRODUCTION IN THE LOWER CACAULAPA VALLEY, HONDURAS: IMPLICATIONS FOR A LATE CLASSIC POLITICAL ECONOMY." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 4 (2017): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.53.
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Investigations of ancient political economies frequently focus on craft production. How manufacturing is organized can provide critical insights on more than the economy because social interactions and political processes are also involved. Here we consider how the acquisition, fabrication, and distribution of obsidian blades figured in the political strategies of craftworkers and elites within the Late Classic (AD 600–800) lower Cacaulapa Valley, northwestern Honduras. This evidence provides insights into the organization of craft manufacture across southeastern Mesoamerica and suggests that current models do not capture the varied production strategies that may be pursued within the same polity.
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Shimada, Izumi, and Ursel Wagner. "Peruvian Black Pottery Production and Metalworking: A Middle Sicán CraftWorkshop at Huaca Sialupe." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 1 (2001): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.15.
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The technical sophistication and virtuosity of prehispanic Andean ceramics are so often praised in the literature that it may appear that there is a large body of supportive, empirical findings. To the contrary, in-depth technical and more comprehensive technological studies have been rare. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the many facets and stages of the technology and organization of craft production requires a correspondingly comprehensive, sustained effort—one built on interdisciplinary collaboration and longterm regional study of environmental, historical, social, and technological factors.
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VanPool, Todd L., Kenneth W. Kircher, Christine S. VanPool, and Gordon F. M. Rakita. "Social Interaction, Social Status, and the Organization of Medio Period Craft Production as Evidenced in Ground Stone Artifacts from 76 Draw." Lithic Technology 42, no. 2-3 (2017): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2017.1305483.
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Inikori, Joseph E. "Slavery and the Revolution in Cotton Textile Production in England." Social Science History 13, no. 4 (1989): 343–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020514.
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From the point of view of the preindustrial world, the development of the English cotton textile industry in the eighteenth century was truly revolutionary. The industry was established early in the century as a peasant craft (section 2; note 2), and by 1850 it had been almost completely transformed in terms of the organization and technology of production. Of the total work force of 374,000 employed in the industry in 1850, only 43,000 (approximately 11.5 percent of the total) were employed outside the factory system of organization. In terms of technology, the industry was virtually mechanized by this time: there were 20,977,000 spindles and 250,000 power looms in the industry in 1850. What is more, steam had become the dominant form of power used in the industry—71,000 horsepower supplied by steam as opposed to 11,000 supplied by water (Mitchell, 1962: 185, 187). Value added in the industry by this time exceeded by about 50 percent that in the woolen textile industry, the dominant industry in England for over four centuries. This rate of development was something that had never been experienced in any industry in the preindustrial world. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution in England, in the strict sense of the phrase, is little more than a revolution in eighteenth-century cotton textile production.
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Sullivan, Kristin S. "Specialized Production of San Martín Orange Ware at Teotihuacan, Mexico." Latin American Antiquity 17, no. 1 (2006): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500014097.
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AbstractSpecialized production forms an important component of the socioeconomic organization of ancient complex societies. Excavation provides critical information on the internal organization of production within a particular workshop and permits the recovery of features not preserved on the surface. In large settlements like Teotihuacan where modern occupation covers much of the ancient city, it is not feasible to fully excavate every suspected craft production locale. At Teotihuacan and in other complex societies, the use of surface indications to generate thematic maps permits discussion of the spatial relationships between economic and social units within the settlement. I use the surface collections made by the Teotihuacan Mapping Project and the partial excavation of one apartment compound and ceramic workshop in the Tlajinga district to consider the organization of specialized production in this neighborhood. I rely on the co-occurrence of ceramic production indicators to define likely workshops, using the surface collections from the excavated workshop as a reasonable indicator of production. Considering the evidence for vessel form specialization and dimensional standardization and previous ethnoarchaeological analyses of the excavated materials, Tlajinga district pottery production appears to have been maximally organized at the community level, with individual apartment compounds forming the basic production units.
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Betancourt Guerrero, Benjamín, Dario José Espinal Ruiz, and Gildardo Scarpetta Calero. "Organizational characterization of craftsmanship in northern of Valle del Cauca." Cuadernos de Administración 36, no. 67 (2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v36i67.8730.
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Young creators, designers, and master artisans are reinventing craftsmanship with their freshness and daring and turning it into a laboratory for sensory, emotional, and symbolic experiences. This paper will present artisans’ organizational status in the development of such a profession or craft in the municipalities that are part of the northern region of Valle del Cauca (Colombia). For this purpose, we resorted to documentary analysis and inquiries with stakeholders to characterize the region socially and demographically, for its geographical location, and identifying comparative and competitive advantages in the territory, according to the productive vocation of the municipalities and their relationship with crafts production. Likewise, the research analyzes artisans’ capabilities as a dynamizing sector for social, economic, and organizational processes. This study is a preliminary approach because its results are inconclusive, thus allowing other researchers to develop into the importance of the artisanal sector for the socio-economic development of the northern region of Valle del Cauca. The strategic approaches outlined in this paper are those consolidated with the stakeholders, who have enabled the craft sector’s strengthening through innovative proposals regarding the management of their workshops and business units.
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Ernawati, Ernawati, Ratih Hurriyati, and Puspo Dewi Dirgantari. "Strategi pengembangan kerajinan anyaman Purun untuk meningkatkan daya saing." Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi 17, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jem.v16i1.5215.
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This research aims to recognize the ability and formulate a strategy of developing woven handicrafts Purun as the flagship product of Banjarbaru City. The approach is based on Porter's intensive strategy. The population in this study was all craftsmen-woven Purun while the sample was two groups of 45 craftsmen woven Purun in Kampung Purun Banjarbaru City. Data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documents. Analytical techniques with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that woven handicrafts Purun in Kampung Purun Banjarbaru city have considerable potential to be developed because it is a superior product. Increasing aspects of production, labor, marketing, capital, business management, and organization is an important aspect in the management of business development woven crafts Purun. While the political and regulatory, social and cultural aspects and technology is an aspect that can be an opportunity for the development of woven handicraft business Purun. Development strategy so that woven craft Purun becomes a superior product and can compete in the market is with incentive strategies, namely market penetration strategies, business strengthening strategies and product development strategies.
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Ernawati, Ernawati, Ratih Hurriyati, and Puspo Dewi Dirgantari. "Strategi pengembangan kerajinan anyaman Purun untuk meningkatkan daya saing." Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi 17, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jem.v17i1.5215.
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This research aims to recognize the ability and formulate a strategy of developing woven handicrafts Purun as the flagship product of Banjarbaru City. The approach is based on Porter's intensive strategy. The population in this study was all craftsmen-woven Purun while the sample was two groups of 45 craftsmen woven Purun in Kampung Purun Banjarbaru City. Data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documents. Analytical techniques with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that woven handicrafts Purun in Kampung Purun Banjarbaru city have considerable potential to be developed because it is a superior product. Increasing aspects of production, labor, marketing, capital, business management, and organization is an important aspect in the management of business development woven crafts Purun. While the political and regulatory, social and cultural aspects and technology is an aspect that can be an opportunity for the development of woven handicraft business Purun. Development strategy so that woven craft Purun becomes a superior product and can compete in the market is with incentive strategies, namely market penetration strategies, business strengthening strategies and product development strategies.
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Smith, Dennis. "Paternalism, craft and organizational rationality 1830–1930: an exploratory model." Urban History 19, no. 2 (1992): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680001556x.
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This paper reflects on aspects of industrial and political history in Birmingham from the 1830s to the 1930s. Its object is to consider the strategies adopted by capital and labour in response to the challenges posed by successive phases of capitalist industrialization, urbanization and bureau-cratization. A convenient way to begin is by responding critically to the approach exemplified by the work of Richard Price and Clive Behagg. Although there are differences of emphasis, Price and Behagg have both explored workshop-based craft traditions, paternalistic labour management strategies and the complex links between them. They pay attention to the broader matrix of forces surrounding industry, including the impact of political movements. However, their main concern is the implementation of specific profit-seeking strategies in the sphere of production and the responses of key social actors, especially artisans and large employers, whose interests are advanced or harmed by these strategies. The master process, implicitly at least, is capitalist industrialization as shaped by the dynamics of domestic and international competition.
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Justo, Rachida, and Rakhi Mehra. "Kilisun: protecting beyond the Sun." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 3 (2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2016-0277.
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Subject area Social entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Undergraduate or Honours students interested in Social Enterprise. Case overview The case describes the challenges face by Mafalda Soto, a Spanish pharmacist, who together with two albino Tanzanian colleagues, has patented and produced the first solar lotion for the albino population made in Africa. The social organization, KiliSun, and its main product have had a remarkable success in Tanzania and have received funds from BASF and the Tanzanian government for production and distribution until 2016. However, Mafalda could not help but think about how to make a viable project out of her social innovation. For how long could she keep her collaborators on board? Where will she get the funds from? What role should she give the Tanzanian government? After all, her dream was to help albinos beyond Tanzania. It was Christmas eve, and that night, Mafalda went to bed naively asking Santa to help her make possible that every albino could one day have access to her sun lotion. This way, they also, could get closer to the sun. Expected learning outcomes How to finance the growth of the organization; how to design a business model that helps social enterprises become self-sustaining; how to measure social impact; and how to craft and choose strategic alliances. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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paxson, heather. "Cheese Cultures: Transforming American Tastes and Traditions." Gastronomica 10, no. 4 (2010): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2010.10.4.35.
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Although the history of cheesemaking in the United States tells largely a tale of industrialization, there is a submerged yet continuous history of small-batch, hands-on, artisan cheese manufacture. This tradition, carried on in artisan cheese factories across the country, although concentrated in Wisconsin, is often overlooked by a new generation of artisan cheesemakers. Continuities in fabrication methods shared by preindustrial and post-industrial artisan creameries have been obscured by changes in the organization and significance of artisan production over the last one hundred years. Making cheese by hand has morphed from chore to occupation to vocation; from economic trade to expressive endeavor; from a craft to an art. American artisan cheesemaking tradition was invented and reinvented as a tradition of innovation. Indeed, ideological commitment to innovation as modern, progressive, American——and thus a marketable value——further obscures continuities between past and present, artisan factories, and new farmstead production. The social disconnect between the current artisan movement and American's enduring cheesemaking tradition reproduces class hierarchies even as it reflects growing equity in gendered occupational opportunities.
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Manfredi Latilla, Vito, Federico Frattini, Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli, and Martina Berner. "Knowledge management and knowledge transfer in arts and crafts organizations: evidence from an exploratory multiple case-study analysis." Journal of Knowledge Management 23, no. 7 (2019): 1335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2018-0699.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse and discuss five longitudinal case studies in which the authors have investigated how, in a specific subset of the creative industry, i.e. the arts and crafts organizations, knowledge can be systematized and transferred, becoming a real source of competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach As no prior empirical research on the relationship among knowledge, knowledge transfer the role of craftsmen is available, an exploratory, qualitative research design seems advisable to study the phenomenon in detail. In setting up a multiple case study, the authors established a sampling frame of criteria associated with the theoretical background and research interest of this study: the case firms had to be arts and crafts organizations well-known for the high quality and value of their artifacts and have a solid reputation for preserving the tradition and the uniqueness of their manufacturing processes. Findings It has emerged the importance of craftsmen within arts and crafts organizations, whose know-how and technical skills are high valued by colleagues, by the market (customers), within the society and the territory where they operate. The knowledge acquired and retained by the craftsmen becomes therefore crucial for the survival of the arts and crafts organizations and for their profitability in the long term. Research limitations/implications From the empirical investigation, it has emerged a certain unawareness at managerial level of the strategic relevance of the craftsmen knowhow and skills and of how to practically and effectively transfer their knowledge to a future generation of young craftsmen to continue to satisfy a unique and exclusive market demand. Furthermore, it has emerged the lack of a common knowledge transfer policy to different organizations. Therefore, it has not been possible to define a standard framework for the knowledge transfer process because it is influenced by the organizational structure, the management style of the organization owner (very often a family that retains the totality of the organization shares/quota), the social context and the territory where the organization is located, as well as the target market and the specific niche of customers who buy the organization’s products. This result represents a potential threat for the survival of arts and crafts organizations in the long run. Practical implications A common result that has emerged is that craftsmen play a crucial role for the success of arts and crafts organizations, through the creation and production of exclusive, high value products; hence, it is crucial to preserve and transfer properly their knowhow and skills. This result is particularly relevant for the world of practice: in a time where globalization demands for the relocation of production processes and technology automates several job tasks, the variegated world of arts and crafts, where the handmade abilities and skills of craftsmen cannot be replicate, imitate or standardize, becomes extremely important for the economy of several countries, among which Italy. Social implications At social level, the activity of arts and crafts organizations help preserve the uniqueness and exclusivity of the heritage and culture of the territory where they are located, and reflect the tradition of such territory, the knowhow and ability of its inhabitants and help preserve this unique reservoir of competences and knowhow. Originality/value The contribution builds on the lack of practical understanding of the relationship between knowledge and the role played by craftsmen in the knowledge transfer process within arts and crafts organizations, and how effective such process is realized. This because despite the interest of many authors toward both knowledge management and transfer within the creative industry, there is a lack of studies aimed at linking systematically these two research areas. This is a relevant issue since knowledge in creative industries mainly refers to the traditions and values at the basis of an organization’s culture, tends to manifest itself in a tacit way and is difficult to analyze because it mainly exists in the mind of individuals as the result of their working experience not expressed in an explicit form.
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Kurbatov, Aleksandr. "A new view of an old collection." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-111-123.
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The excavations of 1994 and 2001–2004 at Ryurik Gorodishche (Rurik’s Hillfort) have yielded an interesting collection of objects from leather, particularly leather footwear. The chronological range of the finds is from the turn between the 9th and 10th centuries to the 13th–14th century. Most of the finds are datable to the turn of the 11th/ 12th centuries. This collection reflects different periods of occupation of Gorodishche and the specifics of the life activities at this settlement. The leather objects should be considered primarily as an indicator of the formation and development of an independent manufacture in Novgorod and the Novgorod Land. Morphological and stylistic analysis of the foot- wear patterns combined with evaluation of the entire mass of the leather objects, including the scraps of leather, allows us to identify one of the basic critical moments in the organization of the tanning craft in Novgorod. This crucial moment is reflected also in other material evidence of different crafts and house building in Novgorod in the middle — second half of the 12th century. There has been proposed an opinion and substantiation of the fact that the social and political struggle in Novgorod of the 1130s must have had in its basis the securing of certain rights to the trade and manufactur- ing groups of the population in the sphere of manufacture and realization of the entire handicraft production both in Novgorod itself and beyond its limits.
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Saunders, Tom. "Power relations and social space: A study of the late medieval Archbishop's Palace in Trondheim." European Journal of Archaeology 5, no. 1 (2002): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2002.5.1.89.
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This article concerns the study of power and space within the Archbishop's Palace in Trondheim and, in particular, how the structure and organization of the precinct in the late medieval period formed a medium through which the archbishop's powers were exercised. Its aim is to explore the ways in which the spatial patterning of occupation, as revealed by the recent excavations in the palace, can cast light on the articulation of the archbishop's wealth, status and authority during the turbulent period prior to the Reformation.The theoretical starting point is a reformulation of Michael Mann's theory of social power and Anthony Giddens's concept of ‘locale’ within a Marxist framework. It is suggested that, in the historical context of the crisis of Scandinavian feudalism, the palace at Trondheim became the focus for overlapping networks of ideological, economic, military and political power. These developments were expressed through the reorganization of the architectural space and the construction of a series of workshop complexes within the walled precinct between c. AD 1500 and 1537. By analysing the archaeological evidence for craft production, in particular minting, this paper considers how the palace formed a locale for the interaction of a specific set of social relations. It consequently examines some of the processes underpinning the expansion of the archbishop's power during the late medieval period, and discusses the social dynamics behind the conflict between the Church and the centralizing, Protestant-leaning forces of the Danish-Norwegian state.
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Jiménez Velázquez, Mercedes A., María Janet Fuentes Castillo, and Tomas Martínez Saldaña. "Amate Paper Culture in San Pablito, Pahuatlán, Puebla, Mexico." Practicing Anthropology 39, no. 1 (2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.39.1.12.
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Amate paper is the results of artisan family labor in San Pablito, in the Otomi indigenous community, Pahuatlán, Mexico. It is a product of pre-Columbian origin, and its production continues today through the transmission of their culture in local families. Its manufacture requires bark fibers from jonote trees. The promotion of tourism transformed artisanal crafts into merchandise and increased demand. As well, it promoted problems with environmental contamination and a high dependence on business intermediaries. In analyzing such production, indicators of sustainability were considered to be social, economic, and environmental. Results show that the primary income generating activity in the community is making amate paper, which preserves continuity in the transmission of ancestral artisanal knowledge. Yet, sustainability of production is low due to excessive use of natural resources, the use of chemicals in the production process, and poor community organization.
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Myalkina, E. V., E. P. Sedhyh, V. A. Zhitkova, V. A. Vaskina, and O. I. Isaykov. "UNIVERSITY RESOURCE CENTER AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION." Vestnik of Minin University 6, no. 3 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2018-6-3-1.
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Introduction: university resource centers are one of the forms of implementing state policy on the development of civil society institutions. Being oriented to the socio-economic development of the region and the country as a whole, they ensure the involvement of various categories of citizens in social and socio-economic activities, integrate the efforts of the organizations of the region to solve a certain group of problems, contribute to raising the level of education and culture. This form of organization of activities is becoming increasingly relevant for universities, since it is the higher education institutions that are the sources of innovative transformations and the formation of an educational environment in the regions. Realizing their own projects, universities receive feedback through the resource center with the consumer of services, carry out experimental testing of theoretical assumptions, introduce new developments into practice. Openness and accessibility of university centers, at the same time, allows engaging broad segments of the population, creating event activity, attracting entrants' attention to the university's educational programs, and holding public events that create the educational and cultural climate of the region.Materials and Methods: the article describes the resource center as an element of the region's socio-economic development, analyzes the areas of activity, explores the functions and principles of activity, presents the resource center for the development of decorative and applied arts and folk crafts at the Minin University, shows the main directions for implementing the model and possible effects of its implementation.Results of research: the work demonstrates the effects of the activities of the university resource center on the example of the resource center for the development of decorative and applied arts and folk crafts of the Nizhny Novgorod Region at the Minin University, showing how the introduction of the model will strengthen and expand the communication of education and culture organizations interested in preserving and transferring the traditions of folk crafts in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the population of different ages of the region, production organizations and craftsmen, also improve the quality of training of students of high school to support student initiatives and creativity of university students in the field of design, development of folk crafts, decorative and applied arts, draw attention to the tourist potential of the region by drawing attention to the field of traditional crafts people from other regions.Discussion and Conclusions: university resource centers play a significant role in the socio-economic development of the region. By integrating resources from various sources, they form new approaches to scientific research, making their results public and accessible to a wide range of people. Involving a wide range of consumers in the activities of the resource center and a wide range of implemented projects creates a significant social effect of its activities and changes the educational and cultural space, stimulating the socio-economic development of the region and the country as a whole. The use of the educational, technological and communication capabilities of the university makes resource center projects more meaningful and accessible to researchers for research in this field, both in our country and abroad, thus contributing to the expansion of partnerships and the emergence of significant practical results in this the promotion and popularization of folk crafts of the Nizhny Novgorod region outside the region, contributes to the development of a unified socio-cultural space in Russia.
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Juhari, Juhari, Rossi Maunofa Widayat, and Mujiyana Mujiyana. "PENGEMBANGAN KERAJINAN ANYAMAN PALITAN, DI DUSUN NGLENGKONG, DESA GIRIPURWO, KECAMATAN GIRIMULYO, KABUPATEN KULON PROGO." SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 4, no. 1 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v4i1.2808.
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ABSTRAKPermasalahan dari mitra pengabdi kami adalah usaha mengembangkan skala ekonomi dengan industri kerajinan anyaman palitan di Dusun Nglengkong, Desa Giripurwo, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, yang masih mengalami berbagai kendala. Diantaranya, banyak penduduk Dusun Nglengkong yang bekerja di Industri kerajianan namun belum memiliki organisasi (lembaga) bagi buruh kerajinan. Kemudian alat dan cara pembuatannya masih kerajinan manual dan tradisional. Pemasaran masih melalui pengumpul/koordinator, sehingga daya tawar rendah. Dari permasalahan mitra tersebut UMY melalui program pengabdian kepada masyarakat, disinergikan melalui Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang bertujuan untuk memotivasi masyarakat pengrajin serta meningkatkan kualitas dan standar produk dengan menambah jenis produk kerajiannnya. Metode yang dilakukan melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang melibatkan sepuluh orang mahasiswa KKN dan tiga orang tim pengabdi. Hasil kegiatan meliputi sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang diikuti sekitar 22 pengarajian anyaman mulai terinisiasi untuk membentuk wadah organisasi yang struktur organisasinya merupakan bagian para pengrajin yang ada di Dusun Ngelengkong, menambah wawasan para pengrajin anyaman Dusun Nglengkong yang awalnya tidak semuanya mengetahui cara pembuatan anyaman palitan begitu pula dengan anyaman yang menggunakan senar, serta kegiatan ini membantu produsen memasarkan produk mereka melalui sosial media yang dapat diakses secara online. Kata Kunci : industri kerajinan; penguatan; sosialisasi; pemasaran; produk unggulan desa ABSTRACTThe issue for our service partners is the effort to build economies of scale in Nglengkong Hamlet, Giripurwo Village, Kulonprogo Regency with the Palitan woven handicraft industry, which is still experiencing various obstacles. Among them, many Nglengkong Hamlet residents work in the handicraft industry but do not yet have a handicraft workers’ association (institution). The methods and production processes are still manual and traditional crafts. Marketing is still through collectors / coordinators, so there is little bargaining power. UMY, through community service programs, is synergized from the partner issues through the Community Service Program, which seeks to inspire the community of craftsmen and increase the quality and standard of products by increasing the types of craft products. The strategy used consists of socialization and instruction involving ten students from the Community Service Program and three service teams. The results of the activity included socialization and training which was attended by around 22 weaving craftsmen who began to be initiated to form an organizational forum whose organizational structure is part of the craftsmen in Ngelengkong Hamlet, adding to the insight of the Nglengkong Hamlet weaving craftsmen who initially did not all know how to make palitan weaving as well as woven using strings, as well as this activity to help producers market their products through social media that can be accessed online. Keywords : craft industry; strengthening; socialization; marketing; superior product of the village
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Bachtiar, Yannefri. "Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kota Bogor sebagai Model Pemberdayaan Kemandirian Masyarakat Akar Rumput." Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.2.1.31-38.
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As a part of the concern to the grass root society, Bogor Agricultural University had been established family empowerment station (Posdaya) the model of community development since 2007. The purpose of Posdaya is to increase the capacity of grass root society to fulfil their need of live by their social capital development. For this purposes the action research was done to explore the appropriate strategy for social facilitation approach in developing their capacity in education, health, economy, and environment. Until 2010, there was 106 Posdaya at Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi area. Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kelurahan Pasir Mulya Bogor was one of a good example in developing Posdaya that has been established at 8<sup>th</sup> May 2007. In the initiative phase, several activities had been done, included survey of the potency of community development, mini-workshop, meeting, training, coordinating, and empowering. In the implementation phase, several result had been yielded included organizational establishment, action plan, readiness of cadre, core activities development in education (pre-school and moving library), health services (post health services, geriatric health services, children family planning), economy (<em>syari’ah</em> microfinance institutionalization, small business for food production, and handy-craft), environment (environmental based agribusiness and household waste management). Action research concluded that Posdaya was empowerment strategy in developing grass root society by bottom up program on their self-reliance capacity in using local and potential resources. Posdaya was the institutionalization of social capital that relevant to the need of grass root society in developing education, health, economy, and environment. By these approach Posdaya considered as a proved model of community development in developing both physical and non physical of the society.
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Sinopoli, Carla M. "The Organization of Craft Production at Vijayanagara, South India." American Anthropologist 90, no. 3 (1988): 580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1988.90.3.02a00040.
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Everhart, Timothy D., and Bret J. Ruby. "Ritual Economy and the Organization of Scioto Hopewell Craft Production: Insights from the Outskirts of the Mound City Group." American Antiquity 85, no. 2 (2020): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2019.105.
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This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.
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Wattenmaker, Patricia. "Craft Production and Social Identity in Northwest Mesopotamia." Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 8, no. 1 (2008): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.1998.8.1.47.
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Shinde, Vasant. "Craft specialization and social organization in the Chalcolithic Deccan, India." Antiquity 65, no. 249 (1991): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080522.
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The Deccan Chalcolithic and its sitesSystematic archaeological research began in the Deccan after 1950 when a Chalcolithic settlement was discovered at Jorwe near Sangamner in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra state. The Deccan, which includes the present states of Maharashtra, (except for the western coast and some parts of Vidarbha in the east) and northern Karnataka, falls in a semi-arid zone with a precipitation ranging between 400 and 900 mm. There are three major river valleys in the Deccan, the Tapi in the north, the Godavari in the centre and the Bhima in the south. Microecological variations in each valley have considerably affected the settlement patterns of the early farmers. Altogether 150 Chalcolithic settlements have so far been discovered in this part of India. The Tapi valley in the north, considered to be one of the most fertile tracts in the country and well watered by the Tapi and several of its perennial tributaries, was extensively occupied, for over 100 Chalcolithic settlements have so far been discovered there (Shinde in press). It was also observed that there was a general tendency to locate a settlement away from the main river because of the danger posed by the severe monsoon floodings. Most of the settlements were located along the banks of its tributaries, which are safe. In the Godavari and Bhima basins, on the other hand, because of the inadequate perennial water supply and limited availability of fertile soil, there were sporadic settlements (Shinde 1989) (FIGURE1 ). On the basis of environmental studies, surface finds, site location, the extent and thickness of habitation deposits, the Chalcolithic sites in the Deccan have been divided into different categories such as a regional centre, a farming village, a farmstead, a herding unit, and a camp to exploit localized resources (Shinde in press).
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Brenninkmeijer, Veerle, and Marleen Hekkert-Koning. "To craft or not to craft." Career Development International 20, no. 2 (2015): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-12-2014-0162.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between regulatory focus, job crafting, work engagement and perceived employability. Regulatory focus theory distinguishes between promotion-focused individuals, who strive for growth and development, and prevention-focussed individuals, who strive for security. Job crafting refers to changes that individuals make in their work to meet their own preferences and needs. It was expected that job crafting would mediate associations between promotion focus and work-related outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were collected among 383 registered candidates from a consultancy organization for recruitment, assessment and coaching that operates within the branches pharmacy, medical devices, food, and healthcare. Results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings – Crafting structural and social resources were positively related to work engagement and employability, whereas negative relationships were found for crafting hindering demands. Promotion focus was associated with crafting resources and challenging demands, while prevention focus was associated with crafting hindering demands. Job crafting also mediated some of the relationships between promotion focus, prevention focus and work outcomes. Research limitations/implications – This study provided insight into possible antecedents and outcomes of job crafting. Unfortunately, this study used a cross-sectional design. Practical implications – These insights may help managers to encourage beneficial job crafting behaviors, while taking individuals’ foci into account. Originality/value – This study has provided insight in the relationships between regulatory focus, job crafting, work engagement, and perceived employability.
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Barnes, Gina Lee. "Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China (review)." Asian Perspectives 43, no. 1 (2004): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2004.0002.
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Cockfield, Sandra. "Arbitration, Mass Production and Workplace Relations: 'Metal Industry' Developments in the 1920s." Journal of Industrial Relations 35, no. 1 (1993): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500102.
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This paper reviews decisions of the Conciliation and Arbitration Court in the 'metal industry' during the 1920s. The focus is on the nature of intervention by the court on three workplace issues: occupational structure, piecework, and shopfloor union organization. It is argued that the court's intervention must be analyzed in the context of the structural change that was occurring in the economy during the period under review, that is, the transition from craft to mass production. To fully understand the nature of the court's intervention it is necessary to be sensitive to the structure of the industry with which the court was dealing. The 'metal industry' covers a broad group of industries, some of which are engaged in craft production, and others where mass production techniques are appropriate. During the 1920s the court was primarily concerned with changing conditions in the manufacturing sector, not the craft sector. This involved facilitating fundamental changes to the occupational structure, as well as advocating payment-by-results schemes and shopfloor union organization.
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Mohlman, Kay. "Craft-as-Industry and Craft-as-Culture: Analysing Handicraft Production in Commercialized Asia and Beyond." Asian Journal of Social Science 27, no. 1 (1999): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382499x00228.
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Bale, Martin T., and Min-jung Ko. "Craft Production and Social Change in Mumun Pottery Period Korea." Asian Perspectives 45, no. 2 (2006): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2006.0019.
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Topi, John R., Christine S. VanPool, Kyle D. Waller, and Todd L. VanPool. "THE ECONOMY OF SPECIALIZED CERAMIC CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE CASAS GRANDES REGION." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (2017): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.62.
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Recent analyses use geometric morphometrics (GM), the quantitative study of shape and its variation, to examine aspects of the archaeological record. Our research builds on such applications to examine the organization of production by applying GM analysis to whole ceramic vessels from the Casas Grandes culture of northwest Mexico. We quantify variation in vessel shape and size and conclude that specialists made at least some of the Ramos and Babicora Polychromes, but that the other Casas Grandes ceramic types were generally made by nonspecialists. This bolsters arguments for Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) specialized production above the household level but indicates that specialized production was limited to a subset of economically valuable goods. We further suggest some Ramos Polychrome was made by attached specialists associated with elites at Paquime, the religious center of the Medio period, whereas some Babicora Polychrome was made by independent specialists. The analysis contributes to three important anthropological topics: (1) the study of the Medio period Casas Grandes culture, and by extension the organization of production in mid-level hierarchically organized societies; (2) geometric morphometric analysis of archaeological collections; and (3) the Standardization Hypothesis and the relationship between artifact standardization and the organization of production.
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Sjölander-Lindqvist, Annelie, Wilhelm Skoglund, and Daniel Laven. "Craft beer – building social terroir through connecting people, place and business." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 2 (2019): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-01-2019-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose the concept of social terroir to help navigate phenomenological and epistemological conditions of small-scale food entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative research approach and was implemented in the peripheral region of Jämtland in northern Sweden. The study interrogated the ambitions of craft brewers when starting up, their long-term goals and visions, including questions about the reason for starting up a brewery, how the different brewers cooperate and how and why the products are designed and labelled the way they are. Findings This study shows that the production of craft beer is an inherently social practice that is part of a particular sociocultural milieu. This milieu informs production in distinct and interrelated ways: through connecting to place and locality in the different aspects of production and marketing, through cooperation to develop production and overcome barriers, and through embedding their work in sustainability discourses. Originality/value The study addresses how, in the context of craft beer, terroir or taste of place, is a matter of social ties to place and community–social terroir. What is novel is the way in which social terroir becomes a critical ingredient in the production of craft beer. This illustrates how small-scale food production and gastronomic efforts can link people, places and businesses.
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Lynda Harling Stalker, L. "Self‐employed craft production is embedded work." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 3, no. 4 (2009): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506200910999156.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how self‐employed craft producers are embedded in social relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo explore this question, narrative analysis and case study methodology is employed.FindingsIt is found that despite doing work that speaks to local values, self‐employed craft producers in Newfoundland narrate tensions that exist between themselves and locals.Originality/valueThis paper takes on the notion of a “global village” where the local is no longer seen as important to work and labour. It contributes to the understanding of work as embedded within a place.
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Tomski, Piotr, and Robert Menderak. "Contract Brewing – Production-Oriented Cooperation in Craft Brewing Industry." Production Engineering Archives 22, no. 22 (2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.22.04.
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Abstract The objective of the paper is to analyze the cooperation in craft beer manufacturing in Poland and to identify the specificity of this phenomenon from the perspective of enterprise management. The sales of craft beers in Poland are growing rapidly. Craft beers have about a 0.5% share in the total beer sales value in Poland. The popular practice in the industry is contract brewing. It is an interesting phenomenon in the field of cooperation of enterprises which can be classified and analyzed as a form of: economic cooperation (generally), production cooperation, outsourcing, network and virtual organization and also coopetition. It is a specific business model. Contract brewing is a complex problem the specificity of which emerges on several levels. Firstly, there is a special way to emerge in the market of craft beers, even while not possessing significant funds by the entrepreneur. Secondly, it is a form of cooperation in the field of production which unites efforts on the side of both the customer and the contractor since it is not limited to normal outsourcing of production to an external entity but involves physical production capacity of the contractor and technological know-how of both cooperation parties. Thirdly, it is firmly embedded in human relationships. Fourthly, it can generate coopetitive relations since the brewery accepting the order may conduct its own activity related to production and sales of beer under its own brand.
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Lee, Yun Kuen. "Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China. Anne P. Underhill." Journal of Anthropological Research 59, no. 3 (2003): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.59.3.3631492.
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Alonso, Abel Duarte, Nikolaos Sakellarios, Nevil Alexander, and Seamus O’Brien. "Corporate social responsibility in a burgeoning industry: a stakeholder analysis." Journal of Strategy and Management 11, no. 1 (2018): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-04-2017-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and significance of involvement of craft brewery operators in their community through the lens of the stakeholder theory (ST). In addition, differences between forms of involvement and demographic characteristics of operators and breweries are examined. Design/methodology/approach As many as 218 operators of predominantly micro-craft breweries across the USA participated in an online questionnaire designed to gather their perceptions. Findings While paying taxes was participants’ main perceived form of contribution, providing an artisan-made product, the significance of the craft brewery as a community “hub”, and that of increasing the number of leisure alternatives also emerged. A further 52.8 per cent of participants indicated contributing US$100,000 or more to the community annually. Statistically significant differences were revealed, for instance, based on craft breweries’ production volume, and the level of financial contribution. Various associations between operators’ perceived contributions and the ST theses were established in regard to cooperative interests (descriptive), stakeholder management (instrumental), and moral principles (normative). Originality/value First, by examining corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the craft brewing industry and among predominantly smaller firms, the study addresses two under-researched areas. Second, a refinement of the ST in the context of the craft brewing industry is proposed, highlighting the links between ST-based theses and the findings. Third, the study contributes to three different types of literature: micro and small business, craft brewing entrepreneurship, and CSR.
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Darley, John M. "Social Organization for the Production of Evil." Psychological Inquiry 3, no. 2 (1992): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0302_28.
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Nguyen, Phuong Thi Cam, and Tung Thanh Diep. "SOCIAL NETWORKS AND COMMERCE: A CASE STUDY ON TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGES AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 39 (2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.39.2020.567.
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The more diversified social networks are the more positive impacts on the links in household economic development. The factors of culture, religion, and ethnicity have a strong influence on the formation of links in production. The case study results in traditional craft villages in Southern Vietnam show that the craft villages of the Khmer are formed based on cultural factors and ethnicity. This affirms the community of Khmer people in economic linkages. In addition, the case study results in the cooperatives also show that religious and ethnicfactors significantly affect to the development of social networks and the formation of links in production. Furthermore, the development of craft villages and cooperatives following the current trend contributes to promoting the formation of modern commercial relationships in the economy.
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Janusek, John Wayne. "Craft and Local Power: Embedded Specialization in Tiwanaku Cities." Latin American Antiquity 10, no. 02 (1999): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972198.
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Proponents of many comparative models of craft specialization explain variability in the organization of production according to the nature of elite interest and economic demand. To this end, many propose a basic dichotomy between independent and attached specialization, whereby valued goods are produced for elites in controlled, nondomestic workshops. I examine new evidence for craft production in the prehispanic Andean polity of Tiwanaku (A. D. 500-1150). I outline expectations for these two forms of specialization and, based on ethnohistorical research in the Tiwanaku region, propose a third form, termed embedded specialization. I appraise primary evidence for the production of ceramic vessels at the site of Tiwanaku and the production of musical instruments at the nearby regional site of Lukurmata. Weighing expectations against evidence, I argue that in Tiwanaku centers many goods were produced by kin-based groups residing in large residential compounds. Skilled production served the overarching political economy and the demands of nonspecialists, but it was neither strictly independent of nor directly attached to elite interests. Craft was rooted in segmentary principles of sociopolitical order, and so was local but not wholly autonomous. On a comparative scale, I suggest that embedded production characterized some states emphasizing corporate strategies of political integration.
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Aoyama, Kazuo. "Elite Artists and Craft Producers in Classic Maya Society: Lithic Evidence from Aguateca, Guatemala." Latin American Antiquity 18, no. 1 (2007): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25063083.
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This report examines 10,845 lithic artifacts from the rapidly abandoned city of Aguateca, Guatemala, to elucidate elite artistic and craft production in Classic Maya society. The methods used include high-power microwear analysis. The results suggest that significant numbers of Maya elite, both men and women, engaged in artistic creation and craft production, often working in both attached and independent contexts. The royal family and other elite households produced many artistic and craft items, including wood carvings and hide or leather goods. The scribe inhabiting Structure M8-8 carved stelae for the ruler, and the high-status courtier/scribe living in Structure M8-4 emphasized the production of shell and bone objects and other royal regalia in a courtly setting. Clearly, Aguateca was a center of part-time production of both utilitarian and luxury goods as well as of consumption. Classic Maya elite men and women artists/craft producers possessed multiple social identities and roles, which in turn implies a more flexible and integrated system of Classic Maya elite participating in attached and independent craft production more than is usually proposed.
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Sforzi, Jacopo, and Laura A. Colombo. "New Opportunities for Work Integration in Rural Areas: The ‘Social Flavour’ of Craft Beer in Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166351.
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The last decade has seen a flourishing of social agriculture cooperatives and the exponential growth of the craft beer sector in Italy. Social microbreweries (social cooperatives that operate in the craft beer sector) have started emerging but have not yet been a focus of research. This paper explores the relationship between social agriculture and microbreweries in Italy, bridging the gap between social agricultural cooperation and craft beer production. It deploys a qualitative multiple case study methodology, based on the in-depth analysis of three case studies: Vecchia Orsa, one of the oldest social microbreweries in Italy; Pintalpina, which operates in a unique alpine setting; Articioc, established by a group of friends with a love of craft beer. This research suggests that the craft beer sector provides important opportunities for social innovation in social cooperatives, with a particular focus on the work integration of vulnerable people. In addition, this paper highlights different pathways for scaling social microbreweries, including focusing on organisational growth (growing the size of the business), scaling out (impacting greater numbers) and scaling deep (impacting cultural roots). Different scaling approaches are united by a common scaling strategy: network and partnership building. This emerges as an essential action to increase the impact of social microbreweries.
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Clayman, Steven E. "The Production of Punctuality: Social Interaction, Temporal Organization, and Social Structure." American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 3 (1989): 659–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/229329.
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Judge, Madeline, Julian W. Fernando, Angela Paladino, and Yoshihisa Kashima. "Folk Theories of Artifact Creation: How Intuitions About Human Labor Influence the Value of Artifacts." Personality and Social Psychology Review 24, no. 3 (2020): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868320905763.
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What are the consequences of lay beliefs about how things are made? In this article, we describe a Western folk theory of artifact creation, highlighting how intuitive dualism regarding mental and physical labor (i.e., folk psychology) can lead to the perceived transmission of properties from makers to material artifacts (i.e., folk physics), and affect people’s interactions with material artifacts. We show how this folk theory structures the conceptual domain of material artifacts by differentiating the contemporary lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production, and how it influences people’s evaluations of different types of artifacts and their makers. We propose that the folk theory and lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production are best understood within a specific sociohistorical context, and review potential sources of cross-cultural and cross-temporal variation. We conclude by making recommendations for future research and examining the implications for promoting environmental sustainability and social justice in production systems.
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DeMarrais, Elizabeth. "Understanding Heterarchy: Crafting and Social Projects in Pre-Hispanic Northwest Argentina." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23, no. 3 (2013): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774313000474.
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Archaeological studies of specialized craft production in hierarchies often highlight the crucial roles of prestige goods in ancient political economies. Yet elaborate crafted items are also produced and circulated widely in heterarchically-ordered societies, where powerful elites are absent. In this latter case, attributing crafting to the agency of elites — or to the demands of political economy — is unconvincing. This article investigates the alternative cultural logic underlying crafting in heterarchies, seeking to understand both the contexts of crafting and the nature of the ‘social projects’ in which artisans were engaged. Expectations for archaeological signatures of craft activity are developed and applied to a case study, drawing upon recent excavations in northwest Argentina.
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Tidy, Joanna. "War craft: The embodied politics of making war." Security Dialogue 50, no. 3 (2019): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619834111.
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This article makes the case for examining war from what Stephanie Bunn calls a ‘making point of view’. Makers and their material production of and for war have been neglected in our accounts of war, security and international relations. An attention to processes of making for war can reveal important things about how such processes are lived and undertaken at the level of the body. The article focuses on the particular phenomena of martial craft labour – the recreational making of ‘stuff’, including hats and pillowcases, by civilians for soldiers. To explore embodiment within this social site, an ethnographic method is outlined that enables the reading of objects as embodied texts, the observation of others in processes of making, and the undertaking of making by the researcher. Analysing embodied registers of aesthetic expression and the social values that attend such crafting for war reveals how this making is a space through which intimate embodied, emotional circulations undertake work for liberal-state and military-institutional logics and objectives, obscure violence, normalize war, and produce the military as an abstract social cause. Beyond the immediate empirical focus of this article, a much wider political entanglement of violence, embodiment and material production necessitates a concerted research agenda.
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McClure, Sarah B. "Gender, Technology, and Evolution: Cultural Inheritance Theory and Prehistoric Potters in Valencia, Spain." American Antiquity 72, no. 3 (2007): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035857.
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In this paper I explore the potential of cultural inheritance theory to address the specific social contexts of craft production in prehistoric societies. Proponents of agency theory have criticized the “techno-science” approach of scholars working with other theoretical paradigms and their unwillingness or inability to focus on human behavior instead of material remains. By emphasizing the social and contextual nature of technological practices, the critique has successfully high-lighted the need to engender prehistoric technological practices. Cultural inheritance theory, one of several complementary currents in evolutionary archaeology, is particularly well suited to identify specific social contexts of craft production and provides a well-grounded framework for engendering prehistoric technological practices. Neolithic ceramic technology from Valencia, Spain provides a case study.
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Seymour, Deni J. "An Alternative View of Sedentary Period Hohokam Shell-Ornament Production." American Antiquity 53, no. 4 (1988): 812–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281121.
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Analysis of unpublished house floor and fill data has revealed new information concerning the production and distribution of shell artifacts at the Hohokam site of Snaketown. In addition to presenting data on the frequency and distribution of shell in structures, the analysis identifies manufacturing loci and evaluates previous statements concerning craft production at the site. Implications for the organization of production and exchange during the Sacaton phase also are considered. It is concluded that local kin groups could have procured, produced, and distributed shell products. This reconstruction is provided as an alternative to views which hold that a higher-level administrative agency was in control of the production and distribution of marine shell.