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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social phobia. Panic disorders. Anxiety'
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Elbers, Diony Maria. "Implicit Association Task as measure of threat-related information processing in social phobia and panic disorder /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1018.
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Elbers, Diony. "Implicit Association Task as measure of threat-related information processing in social phobia and panic disorder." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2888.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.The main objective of the study was to adapt the Implicit Association Task (IAT) to asses implicit self-relevant fear associations in individuals suffering from social phobia and panic disorder. This involved the development of computerbased word stimuli classification tasks in which participants were expected to classify individually presented words belonging to one of four word categories, namely self-related ‘me’ words, other-related ‘not-me’ words, threat-related words (physical or social threat) and corresponding safety-related words. Two response keys on the computer were to be used, each representing two word categories during a specific trial (e.g., the one representing ‘me’ and ‘threat’, and the other ‘not-me’ and ‘safety’ words). The demanded task was to classify the presented words as quickly and accurately as possible. This resulted in the construction of the Physical Threat Implicit Association Task (PIAT) and the Social Threat Implicit Association Task (SIAT). Both IAT versions were administered to a group of 17 participants diagnosed with social phobia, 17 diagnosed with panic disorder, and 17 ‘normal’ controls. Fear-domain specific self-threat association biases were expected for the social phobics on the SIAT, for the panickers on the PIAT, as well as significant differences with the performances of the control group on the IAT tasks. A secondary objective of the study was to investigate the relationships between the IATs and performances on a variety of self-report scales, namely the Social Phobia Inventory, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. In contrast to what was expected, the results of both the PIAT and SIAT did not demonstrate a facilitation of the classification task during trials when ‘me’ and ‘threat’ words were allocated to one category (i.e., response key), and ‘notme’ and ‘safety’ to the other. On the contrary, all three participant groups demonstrated significant effects in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the differences between the groups on both IATs were insignificant. With the exception of a significant, negative correlation between the results on the SIAT and the Social Phobia Inventory for the social phobia group, all the other IAT and self-report scale correlations were insignificant. The results were explained in terms of a newly proposed ‘two-forces’ cognitive theory. It was speculated that the IAT effects might have been the result of two opposing forces operating at different stages of the information processing system. This is namely (a) a disruption of performance by attention diversion during an early pre-attentive stage of processing, versus (b) a facilitation of the classification task by implicit association during later elaborative stages of processing, with the former apparently making the major contribution to the final IAT effect. This may be a phenomenon unique to anxiety disorders. The implications for future research of the findings and the newly proposed theory were also discussed.
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Lowry, Kirsten A. "Interpersonal problems, adult attachment, and emotion regulation among college students with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316376.
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Mettrick, Jon George. "Test anxiety and coping with evaluation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1512.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
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These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26469.
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These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Christer Allgulander, Borwin Bandelow, Boer Johan A. den, David M. Christmas, et al. "Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35384.
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This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders provides an update on key steps in diagnosis and clinical management, including recognition, acute treatment, longer-term treatment, combination treatment, and further approaches for patients who have not responded to first-line interventions. A consensus meeting involving international experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of supporting evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines are based on available evidence, were constructed after extensive feedback from participants, and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision-making in primary, secondary and tertiary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients, their carers, and medicines management and formulary committees.
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Cohen, Jeremy Samuel. "Peer victimization among youth with anxiety disorders." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214788.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: This study examined whether overt and relational peer victimization were associated with the severity of Social Phobia (SoP) symptoms and whether frequent victimization was more common among youth with SoP as compared to youth with other anxiety disorders. In addition, the study examined whether self-esteem, peer beliefs, and emotional lability were linked to internalizing symptoms above and beyond overt and relational victimization severity. Method: Participants were 90 youth (47 boys, 43 girls; M age = 11.06 years; SD = 3.09) and their parents. Youth had been referred to an outpatient child and adolescent anxiety disorders clinic. Measures included (a) a semi-structured diagnostic interview, (b) youth self-report forms assessing peer victimization, anxiety, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and global self-worth, and (c) parent-report forms assessing anxiety and emotion regulation. Results: Results showed a concurrent positive association between peer victimization and self-reported social anxiety, with relational victimization providing unique information above and beyond overt victimization. Peer victimization was not associated with a specific diagnosis, but was related to multiple internalizing problems (negative beliefs about the peer group accounted for some of this relation). Conclusions: Peer victimization is important to assess for and consider in the treatment of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders. Peer victimization is associated with social anxiety symptoms, and relational victimization, in particular, is associated with internalizing problems among youth with anxiety disorders. Victimization appears to be associated with symptomatology rather than diagnosis.
Temple University--Theses
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Santos, Nomara. "Asperger's disorder and social phobia : a comparison of social functioning." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1324.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Knappe, Susanne, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Lydia Fehm, Roselind Lieb, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Characterizing the association between parenting and adolescent social phobia." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120015.
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Objectives: For characterizing the association between parenting and offspring social phobia (SP), contrasting maternal vs. paternal contributions, putative predictors of unfavorable parenting behaviors and its specificity for SP are warranted to delineate targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
Methods: A population-based sample of 1053 adolescents was followed-up using the M-CIDI. Parenting was assessed via questionnaire in offspring passing the high risk period for SP-onset. Natal complications and childhood serious health problems as assessed by maternal reports were hypothesized to relate to unfavorable parenting.
Results: The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was associated with SP, but not with other offspring anxiety disorders. Natal complications were related to overprotection and lower emotional warmth; trend-level associations emerged for serious health problems and unfavorable parenting.
Conclusions: Paternal behavior appears particularly relevant for SP. The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was observed in SP only, suggesting that its detailed assessment provides a promising opportunity for targeted prevention and intervention in SP.
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Knappe, Susanne, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Lydia Fehm, Roselind Lieb, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Characterizing the association between parenting and adolescent social phobia." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27095.
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Objectives: For characterizing the association between parenting and offspring social phobia (SP), contrasting maternal vs. paternal contributions, putative predictors of unfavorable parenting behaviors and its specificity for SP are warranted to delineate targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
Methods: A population-based sample of 1053 adolescents was followed-up using the M-CIDI. Parenting was assessed via questionnaire in offspring passing the high risk period for SP-onset. Natal complications and childhood serious health problems as assessed by maternal reports were hypothesized to relate to unfavorable parenting.
Results: The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was associated with SP, but not with other offspring anxiety disorders. Natal complications were related to overprotection and lower emotional warmth; trend-level associations emerged for serious health problems and unfavorable parenting.
Conclusions: Paternal behavior appears particularly relevant for SP. The pattern of maternal overprotection, paternal rejection and lower emotional warmth was observed in SP only, suggesting that its detailed assessment provides a promising opportunity for targeted prevention and intervention in SP.
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Brunello, Nicoletta, Boer Johan A. den, Lewis L. Judd, Siegfried Kasper, Jeffrey E. Kelsey, Malcolm Lader, Yves Lecrubier, et al. "Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112851.
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Social phobia is a common disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment, representing a substantial public health problem largely determined by the high prevalence, and the lifelong chronicity. Social phobia starts in early childhood or adolescence and is often comorbid with depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse or eating disorders. This cascade of comorbidity, usually secondary to social phobia, increases the disability associated with the condition. The possibility that social phobia may be a trigger for later developing comorbid disorders directs attention to the need for early effective treatment as a preventive measure.
The most recent drug class to be investigated for the psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia is the SSRI group for which there is growing support. The other drug classes that have been evaluated are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers. The SSRIs represent a new and attractive therapeutic choice for patients with generalized social phobia. Recently the first, large scale, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized social phobia has been completed with paroxetine. Paroxetine was more effective in reducing the symptoms than placebo and was well tolerated. Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs.
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DeVore, Bethany Rebekah. "Two Short Stories About Anxiety Disorder and Their Psychological Analyses." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1114104198.
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Brunello, Nicoletta, Boer Johan A. den, Lewis L. Judd, Siegfried Kasper, Jeffrey E. Kelsey, Malcolm Lader, Yves Lecrubier, et al. "Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment." Technische Universität Dresden, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26872.
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Social phobia is a common disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment, representing a substantial public health problem largely determined by the high prevalence, and the lifelong chronicity. Social phobia starts in early childhood or adolescence and is often comorbid with depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse or eating disorders. This cascade of comorbidity, usually secondary to social phobia, increases the disability associated with the condition. The possibility that social phobia may be a trigger for later developing comorbid disorders directs attention to the need for early effective treatment as a preventive measure.
The most recent drug class to be investigated for the psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia is the SSRI group for which there is growing support. The other drug classes that have been evaluated are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers. The SSRIs represent a new and attractive therapeutic choice for patients with generalized social phobia. Recently the first, large scale, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized social phobia has been completed with paroxetine. Paroxetine was more effective in reducing the symptoms than placebo and was well tolerated. Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs.
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Michelgård, Palmquist Åsa. "Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Studies in Anxiety Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129713.
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Anxiety disorders are very common and the primary feature is abnormal or inappropriate anxiety. Fear and anxiety is often mediated by the amygdala, a brain structure rich in substance P (SP) and neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors. To learn more about how the human amygdala is modulated by fear and anxiety in event-triggered anxiety disorders and to investigate if the SP/NK1 receptor system is affected, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) ([15O]-water; Study I and II) and the SP/NK1 receptor system ([11C]GR205171; Study III and IV) were studied with positron emission tomography (PET). In Study I we investigated the neural correlates of affective startle modulation in persons with specific phobia by measuring rCBF during exposure to fearful and non-fearful pictures, paired and unpaired with acoustic startle stimuli. Fear-potentiated startle was associated with activation of the affective part of the anterior cingulate cortex and the left amygdaloid–hippocampal area. In Study II short-term drug treatment effects on rCBF in patients diagnosed with social phobia was evaluated, comparing the NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and placebo. Social anxiety and neural activity in the medial temporal lobe including the amygdala was significantly reduced by both drugs but not placebo. In Study III we investigated if activity in the SP/NK1 receptor system in the amygdala would be affected by fear provocation in individuals with specific snake or spider phobia. Fear provocation was associated with a decreased uptake of the NK1 antagonist [11C]GR205171 in the amygdala, possibly explained by an increase in endogenous SP release occupying the NK1 receptors. Study IV was conducted to explore the resting state NK1 receptor availability in PTSD patients as compared to healthy controls. Increased resting state binding of the tracer [11C]GR205171 in the amygdala of patients with PTSD suggested an increased amount of available receptors. In summary, fear and fear-potentiated startle modulates the human amygdala, possibly through the SP/NK1 receptor system.
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Crawley, Sarah. "Somatic Complaints in Anxious Youth." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/155885.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: This study examined (a) the distribution of physical symptoms in youth with specific primary anxiety disorders (i.e. separation anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and social phobia [SP]) and (b) their response to treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; 14 sessions of CBT over the course of 12 weeks), medication, combination therapy (CBT + medication), or pill placebo in a sample. Method: Anxiety disordered youth (N = 488, age 7-17) who met criteria for a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or SP as part of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et al. 2008) were included in this study. The sample was diverse and included children with comorbid secondary diagnoses. Results: The most common somatic complaints were headache, stomach pain or aches, feeling drowsy or too sleepy, head cold or sniffles, and sleeplessness. The distribution of these complaints did not differ across diagnostic groups. The number and severity of physical symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Treatment condition, including placebo, was unrelated to the number and severity of physical symptoms posttreatment. Conclusions: Treatment of anxiety leads to a decrease in the number and severity of physical symptoms experienced in anxiety-disordered youth, irrespective of treatment type.
Temple University--Theses
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McDonald, Scott David. "Do Expectancies Mediate the Relationship Between Sensitivities and Fearfulness?: An Alternative to Reiss' Expectancy Theory." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/967.
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This paper tests Reiss' (1991) expectancy theory of fearfulness. Reiss' moderation model of fears speculates that individual differences in fearfulness and phobic avoidance is a function of the interaction between trait vulnerabilities (i.e., sensitivities) and beliefs about potential outcomes during exposure to phobic stimuli (i.e., expectancies). Four hundred and forty-five undergraduates completed questionnaires related to Reiss' fundamental sensitivities (e.g., "anxiety sensitivity"), expectancies (e.g., "expectancy of physical injury or harm") and the intensity of common fears. Informed by findings concerning fear-related outcome expectancies, a system for measuring expectancies was developed for this study called the Focus of Apprehension Survey Schedule (FASS). Additionally, "disgust sensitivity" and "expectancy of contamination or illness" were included to examine whether they account for fearfulness beyond that predicted by Reiss' sensitivities and expectancies alone. In Experiment 1, hierarchical multivariate regression was employed to test Reiss' moderation model of expectancy theory for four fear subtypes (animal, blood/injection/injury (BII), claustrophobic, social). For each of these fear types, results did not support Reiss' moderation model. However, disgust sensitivity improved the prediction of animal fears and contamination expectancies improved the prediction of BII fears beyond Reiss' fundamental sensitivities and expectancies alone. In Experiment 2, a competing mediation model of expectancy theory was tested in which sensitivities were expected to indirectly influence individual differences in fearfulness through outcome expectancies. Results of path analysis using LISREL 8.54 did not support a mediation model per se. However, expectancies were found to mediate relationships between sensitivities and fears in several predicted instances (e.g., contamination expectancies mediated the disgust-BII fears relationship). The results provide some encouraging replications of prior studies and are discussed in the context of implications for theories of fear as well as for future directions in research.
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Paskowski, Timothy L. "The relationship between psychometrically-defined social anxiety and working memory performance." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/494.
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Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed class of mental illness in the United States, and often involve abnormally high levels of stress and social fear. Despite high lifetime prevalence rates, social anxiety disorder (SAD) has remarkably low diagnosis and treatment rates. Furthermore, while individuals with other specific psychiatric disorders tend to exhibit significant neuropsychological deficits, neuropsychological functioning in individuals with SAD remains largely untested. A majority of the few existing studies concerning neuropsychological performance in SAD samples focus on specific functions, and their limited results are highly mixed. The primary objective of this investigation was to provide a more thorough, broad assessment of both auditory and visual working memory as related to psychometrically-defined social anxiety disorder. In addition, this study aimed to help clarify as to whether such deficits are related to the construct of social anxiety, or whether any potential deficits are better explained by generalized state and/or trait (in-the-moment) anxiety. The implications of a deficit in the visual and/or auditory working memory domains are multifaceted. For example, such a deficit may lead to the inability to detect visual cues in social situations. The inability to process these social cues has the potential to exacerbate some SAD- related symptoms, such as fear of humiliation and judgment. Twenty-nine college students completed both phases of this study, including an assessment of state and trait anxiety as well as social phobia and a four-part working memory battery. An analysis of the Phase II data indicates that individual scores on the four measures of both visual and auditory working memory did not relate to trait and/or state anxiety or psychometrically-defined social anxiety.; Thus, it appears that social, generalized trait, and generalized state anxiety do not relate to a neuropsychological deficit in either type of working memory in this sample population. However, we did find a statistical trend suggesting that as social anxiety increased, there was a relative decrease in visual vs. auditory working memory. This statistical trend remained after covarying for state and trait anxiety respectively. Therefore, future research in this area should examine the discrepancy in performance between the auditory and visual working memory domains as it relates to both diagnosed social phobia and psychometrically-defined social anxiety.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Trombly, Theresa N. "Psychophysiology of selective mutism." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1511.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Gibara, Cristiane Maluhy. "Exposição à realidade virtual no tratamento da fobia social: um estudo aberto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-24062014-121757/.
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Objetivo: Construir um programa de Exposição à Realidade Virtual para tratar Fobia Social, avaliá-lo e aperfeiçoá-lo por meio de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Método: Finalizaram o tratamento 21 sujeitos (11 homens e 10 mulheres) entre 18 e 63 anos diagnosticados pelo Manual Diagnóstico Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais 4a edição- texto revisado (DSM -IV- TR) para fobia social. Foram excluídos os sujeitos com depressão grave, com risco de suicídio, transtornos psicóticos e abuso de substância. Principais medidas de avaliação quantitativa: Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz - LSAS; Escala de Impressão Clínica Global - CGI; Escala para Incapacitação de Sheehan; Escala de Adequação Social - EAS; e Questionário de Pensamentos Automáticos - ATQ 30. Avaliação qualitativa: Questionário Metodológico Qualitativo de Avaliação de Ansiedade Social. Procedimento: as Escalas e os Instrumentos foram aplicados no pré-tratamento, no pós-tratamento e no seguimento após seis meses de tratamento. O Questionário Metodológico Qualitativo de Avaliação de Ansiedade Social foi aplicado no pós-tratamento. O tratamento consistiu em até 12 sessões de 50 minutos cada de exposição à Realidade Virtual. Resultados: Observou-se redução significativa no escore pós-tratamento que se manteve no seguimento, nas escalas que avaliaram ansiedade, fobia e disfunções cognitivas (LSAS, ATQ e EAS). Na CGI, houve redução na gravidade da doença após o tratamento e isto se manteve no seguimento. Os pacientes apresentaram melhora do transtorno que também se manteve no período do seguimento. A Escala de Incapacitação de Sheehan mostrou melhora significativa da vida profissional, social e familiar. O número médio de sessões para a diminuição da ansiedade social foi de 7. Conclusão: O tratamento utilizado neste estudo teve boa aceitação, boa adesão, auxilia na diminuição da ansiedade social como também no enfrentamento das situações temidas. Estudos controlados ulteriores deverão ser realizados para verificar se ratificam estes resultados preliminaresObjectives: To build a Virtual Reality Exposure software for the treatment of Social Phobia, to evaluate and improve it based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. Method: The treatment was completed by 21 subjects (11 men and 10 women) aged between 18 and 63, diagnosed with social phobia by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition - revised text (DSM - IV-TR). Subjects were excluded on account of deep depression, suicide risk, psychotic disorders or substance abuse. The main measurement instruments for quantitative evaluation were: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - LSAS, Clinical Global Impression Scale - CGI, Sheehan Disability Scale, Social Adjustment Scale - SAS, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire - ATQ 30. Qualitative evaluation: Methodological Qualitative Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Social Anxiety. Procedure: The Scales and Instruments were applied in the pre-treatment and post-treatment phases and in the follow-up assessment six months after treatment. The Methodological Qualitative Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Social Anxiety was applied in the post-treatment phase. The treatment consisted of twelve 50-minute sessions of exposure to Virtual Reality. Results: A significant decrease in the score in scales that measure anxiety, phobia and cognitive dysfunctions (LSAS, ATQ and SAS) was observed after treatment and it was maintained on follow-up. Patients have shown improvement of the disorder that was also preserved on follow-up. The Sheehan Disability Scale has shown significant improvement in professional, social and family life. The average number of sessions to achieve a reduction of social anxiety was seven. Conclusion: The treatment used in this study has been well received; patients have shown adherence to it and it has helped them to reduce their social anxiety and deal with situations they feared. Further controlled trials should be undertaken to endorse these preliminary results
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François, Clément. "Qualité de vie et coûts des troubles anxieux : évaluation de la qualité de vie et des coûts des troubles anxieux spécifiques : trouble anxieux généralisé et phobie sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20712.
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Parmi tous les problèmes de santé chronique, les troubles anxieux combinent une prévalenceélevée, une apparition précoce, une chronicité élevée et des conséquences sur lefonctionnement majeur. Or l’anxiété comme pathologie a été plutôt évaluée d’un point de vueclinique ; l’impact des sous types sur la qualité de vie et les coûts a été de façon généralemoins étudié, surtout sur l’impact à long terme, et les études présentent des variationsimportantes d’estimation des coûts.Il est intéressant d’évaluer ces sous types de trouble anxieux du point de vu de la qualité devie liée a la santé ainsi que les paramètres objectifs des consommations de soins et coûts ;l’étude des conséquences de la rechute est particulièrement importante. Nous avons mesuréles coûts associés à l’ensemble des sous types des troubles anxieux, en utilisant une extractiond’une base de données administrative américaine sur plusieurs centaines de milliers depatients, et ainsi permis d’avoir un estimé précis des coûts médicaux, de comparer les coûtsassociés aux différents diagnostics d’anxiété, de les comparer à ceux de l’épisode dépressif, etde l’influence de la relation dynamique entre les troubles anxieux et la dépression. Nousavons ensuite étudié l’évolution de l’impact sur la qualité de vie et le fonctionnement duTrouble Anxieux Généralisé et de la Phobie Sociale à travers deux essais cliniques et estimédans ces essais les utilités associées à des états de santé. Des efforts de recherche accrus sontnécessaires pour fournir des données prospectives sur l’aspect dynamique des TroublesAnxieux et de la dépression, et évaluer les coûts indirects également en pratique cliniquecouranteAnxiety disorders are unique among all chronic conditions, both physical and mental, inhaving a combination of very high prevalence, early age at onset, high chronicity, andsubstantial role impairment. Anxiety disorder was mostly evaluated of a clinical standpoint;the impact of subtypes on the quality of life and costs were generally less studied, especiallyon long-term impact, and studies show large variations of cost estimates. It is interesting toevaluate these subtypes of anxiety disorder from the point of view of health related quality oflife and the objective parameters of health care consumption and costs. The consequences ofrelapse are of particular importance due to the chronicity of these disorders. We measured thecosts associated with all subtypes of anxiety disorders, using an extraction of a U.S.administrative database on hundreds of thousands of patients, and thus allowed to have anaccurate estimate of medical costs, compared the costs associated with different diagnoses ofanxiety, compared with those of the depressive episode, and studied the dynamic relationshipbetween anxiety disorders and depression. We then studied the evolution of the impact onquality of life and functioning of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia throughtwo randomised clinical trials and found in these tests associated utilities to health states.Increased research efforts are needed to provide prospective data on the dynamic aspect ofAnxiety Disorders and Depression, and to also measure the indirect costs in clinical practice
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Michaelis, Sophie. "Vergleich der Wirksamkeit von Psychopharmaka bei Angststörungen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86A6-6.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Metaanalyse der Daten aller verfügbaren Studien (n = 109) zur medikamentösen Behandlung der drei für den Kliniker wesentlichen Angststörungen (PDA, GAD, SAD) durchgeführt. In die Metaanalyse wurden 187 Studienarme sowie die Daten von insgesamt 28785 Patienten eingeschlossen. Eine vergleichbare Metaanalyse, die alle drei Angststörungen zusammengefasst untersucht hat, wurde in dieser Form bisher nicht durchgeführt, wobei neben der zusammengefassten Analyse im Weiteren auch eine separate Betrachtung jeder einzelnen Angststörung erfolgte.
Während im Rahmen aller bisher durchgeführten Metaanalysen zumeist lediglich Treated-vs.-Control-Effektstärken berechnet wurden, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit darüberhinaus auch Prae-Post-Effektstärken bestimmt. Dies ermöglicht einen besseren Vergleich der Wirksamkeit verschiedener Medikamente.
Es ergab sich folgendes: Die in die Metaanalyse eingeschlossenen Studien zeigten trotz ähnlicher Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien sowie oftmaliger Verwendung gleicher Skalen eine hohe bis sehr hohe Heterogenität. Alle Medikamente bis auf Citalopram, Moclobemid und Opipramol zeigten einen signifikanten Unterschied zu Placebo. Die höchsten unadjustierten Treated-vs.-Control-Effektstärken konnten für Phenelzin (d = 0,98), Lorazepam und Clomipramin (d = 0,87) sowie Hydroxyzin (d = 0,79) berechnet werden.
Die höchsten Prae-Post-Effektstärken wurden für Benzodiazepine (z. B. Delorazepam: d = 3,54; Bromazepam: d = 2,86; Lorazepam: d = 2,53), Quetiapin (d = 3,39), Escitalopram (d = 2,67) und Hyd-roxyzin (d = 2,56) berechnet, wobei in die Berechnung dieser Effektstärken zum Teil nur sehr wenige Primärstudien eingingen, so dass diese Ergebnisse als weniger reliabel zu werten sind. Bei Betrachtung der einzelnen Stoffgruppen erreichten die SNRIs mit d = 2,25 die höchste Prae-Post-Effektstärke, gefolgt von den Benzodiazepinen (d = 2,14) und den SSRIs (d = 2,09).
Bei der Wahl eines Arzneimittels sollte auf ein angemessenes Verhältnis seines Nutzens zu seinen Risiken (Nebenwirkungen) geachtet werden. Viele der Medikamente, für die in der vorliegenden Arbeit relativ hohe Effektstärken berechnet werden konnten, weisen ein ungünstigeres Nebenwirkungsprofil als beispielsweise SNRIs und SSRIs auf. Vor allem wird aufgrund des bestehenden Abhängigkeitspotentials nicht empfohlen, Benzodiazepine routinemäßig zu verordnen. Ebenso führen trizyklische Antidepressiva häufiger zu Nebenwirkungen als SSRIs (Bandelow et al. 2008a).
Weiterhin konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass die Effektstärken der Pillenplacebos zwischen 1983 und 2013 stark anstiegen.
Die Studien wurden mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden zur Detektion eines Publication Bias analysiert. Hierbei ergaben sich zwar für mehrere Medikamente Hinweise auf das Vorliegen eines Publication Bias, dies hatte jedoch nicht zur Folge, dass die Annahme einer vormals berechneten signifikanten Überlegenheit des Medikamentes gegenüber Placebo wieder verworfen werden musste.
Für 50,8% von insgesamt 187 Studienarmen wurden Allegiance-Effekte angenommen. Die durchschnittliche Effektstärke der Studien mit angenommenem Allegiance-Effekt unterschied sich jedoch nicht signifikant von der ohne solche Effekte.
Klinisch tätige Ärzte können sich an den Ergebnissen der Metaanalyse orientieren, um – unter Berücksichtigung von potentiellen Nebenwirkungen und Kontraindikationen – für ihre Patienten das Präparat mit dem günstigsten Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis auszuwählen.
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Miller, Nathan A. "Anxiety and emotion dysregulation in daily life an experience-sampling comparison of social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder analogue groups /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1568967551&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008.Title from title screen (site viewed Nov. 25, 2008). PDF text: vii, 160 p. ; 723 K. UMI publication number: AAT 3311407. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
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Hefer, Elizabeth. "Terapie met die junior-primêre kind wat skeidingsangs ervaar." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16928.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansSkeidingsangs is 'n angsversteuring by kinders weens die onvermoe om van die moeder te skei. Skeidingsangs is by die meeste jong kinders 'n realiteit wanneer hulle van hul moeders geskei word. Die intensiteit van die angservaring van die kind by skeiding word meestal onderskat. Skeidingsangs manifesteer by skooltoetrede. Dit is die kind se eerste formele toetrede tot die leefwereld waar eise aan horn gestel word. Skeidingsangs het 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind se totale leefwereld, sy relasies, skolastiese funksionering en sosiale verhoudinge. Vir die doel van hierdie navorsing word daar gefokus op die junior-primere leerling (Sub A tot Standerd een). Daar is geen differensiasie ten opsigte van geslag nie. 'n Diagnoseringslys, die idiografiese navorsings- en diagnoseringsmodel en pedoterapieprogram (Jacobs: 1980, 1981) is gebruik vir diagnose en terapie van skeidingsangs. Die effektiwiteit en bruikbaarheid van die terapeutiese tegnieke en riglyne vir die ko-terapeute is empiries getoets vanuit 'n sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief.
Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder in children as a result of their inability to separate from their mothers. The intensity of the anxiety experience in the child is generally underestimated. Separation anxiety manifests itself when the child enters school. This experience presents in the child's formal entry into the field of experience where personal individual demands are made. Separation anxiety presents a negative influence on the total field of experience, his relations to it, encompassing scholastic functioning and social relationships. The research is focused on the junior primary pupil (Sub A up to Stan de rd 1). There is no differentiation regarding sex. A list of diagnosis, the idiographic research and diagnostic model, and the pedotherapy programme (Jacobs: 1980, · 1981) are all used, to diagnose separation anxiety and for the treatment of this condition. The effectiveness and usefulness of these therapeutic techniques and guidelines for the co-therapists were empirically tested from a psychological educational point of view.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Voorligting)