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1
Damurski, Lukasz. "E-Participation in Urban Planning." International Journal of E-Planning Research 1, no. 3 (2012): 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2012070103.
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Simple observation of planning practices in Eastern and Western Europe reveal a substantial gap in citizen participation between the post-socialist societies and the highly developed countries. This gap was created recently during the continent’s history and is reflected in an uneven distribution of social capital and democratic attitudes. During the last 30 years Western societies developed their civic consciousness and improved their democratic procedures; while citizen activities in the East was constrained by socialist regimes, then dissipated by the system transformation and only now is slowly reviving. How can social and political distance? Development of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools seems to stimulate social cohesion of European countries. The Internet creates new forms of social life, giving new opportunities for citizen involvement and strongly influences public decision-making systems. Examples of e-participation in planning from both sides of the continent suggest that this gap is not necessarily as big as it appears to be. This article compares online participation tools offered in Poland and Germany. Analyzing three complimentary aspects of e-participation in planning: “transparency,” “spatiality,” and “interactivity.” The results are expressed further in the article.
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Mirecka, Małgorzata, and Tomasz Majda. "Citizen Participation in Local Planning Józefosław Case Study." Challenges of Modern Technology 8, no. 2 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2625.
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Citizen participation in the city development planning process is guaranteed by law in every civil society. In Poland, the participation of local communities in spatial planning has been evolving since the political transformation of the years 1989/1990. Changes that occur in the participation process are a result of the formation of civil society and a resulting increase in social awareness on possibilities of expressing one's needs and influencing planning decisions of local governments, as well as modifications in laws and regulations. The article presents the experience gathered in the field of extended social participation in the procedure of drawing up local spatial development plans, on the example of ongoing work on plans for the village of Józefosław in Piaseczno, nearby Warsaw. The problems identified in the area covered by the plans and their origins have been characterized, the assumptions of the plans, whose main purpose is to alleviate diagnosed problems and respond to the needs of the inhabitants, articulated at various stages of the planning process. Then the scope and results of the various phases of social participation – preplanning and based on formal planning procedures – have been described. The experience gained from the phase of public consultation during the preparation of local plans for the village of Józefosław allowed us to draw more general conclusions about participatory procedures specified in the binding regulations, which were included in the summary.
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Falco, Enzo. "Digital Community Planning." International Journal of E-Planning Research 5, no. 2 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2016040101.
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Citizen participation in planning as a decision-making and future-oriented activity is still in the hands of government. New advances in Information Communication Technologies and community informatics have allowed new forms of e-participation and e-planning to emerge. The article refers to theories of social psychology and digital rationality to support the use of ICTs and Web 2.0 in planning as means to deliver more meaningful and independent participatory processes. Moreover, it looks into different planning approaches to and theories of participation to argue and conclude that a digital community and plural planning approach may provide communities with a better setting to move up Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation. The article presents three different open source software and one proprietary software which can be used in practice by citizen groups to produce planning documents. Based on these findings, future research will explore the application of the approach and tools in an urban setting in close collaboration with grass-roots and citizens organizations.
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Steiniger, Stefan, M. Ebrahim Poorazizi, and Andrew J. S. Hunter. "Planning with Citizens: Implementation of an e-Planning Platform and Analysis of Research Needs." Urban Planning 1, no. 2 (2016): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i2.607.
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Citizen participation should be an essential part of an urban planning process if the needs of the local population are to be addressed. Citizen participation should also improve acceptance of private construction projects by residents that live in or near such development. A complementary form of citizen participation to public planning meetings is to permit citizen engagement via Web 2.0 technologies, which also has the potential to get citizens involved that are usually difficult to reach. We aim to build a social, i.e. participatory, planning platform that allows technology savvy citizens to inform themselves of future and ongoing development projects and to also discuss them online. In this work we discuss the functional needs and context-of-use constraints of such an e-planning platform. A conceptual model of the technical architecture is outlined and a prototype implementation is presented. This prototype is built on free and open source software components, including a social network, to enable platform adoption in other locations. Finally, we discuss the research needs that are to be addressed if the development of participatory e-planning platforms should advance.
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Higgins, Joan Wharf, Patricia Vertinsky, James Cutt, and Lawrence W. Green. "Using Social Marketing as a Theoretical Framework to Understand Citizen Participation in Health Promotion." Social Marketing Quarterly 5, no. 2 (1999): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.1999.9961045.
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The concept of broad-based public participation is a fundamental element of health promotion and citizenship. There is a gap, however, between the promise and reality of citizen participation in health promotion. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the utility of social marketing concepts in analyzing and better understanding the complexities of citizen participation. The data are drawn from a study on citizen participation during a recent health reform policy designed to foster health promotion in British Columbia, Canada. A social marketing framework was used to interpret the data and make sense of citizen participation in a post-hoc analysis, particularly using the concepts of understanding the consumer perspective, exchange, marketing mix and segmentation. The results contradict the frequent criticism in health promotion that social marketing tends to ignore the broader context of individual behavior. This paper argues that social marketing yielded new insights into understanding the societal circumstances that inhibited or fostered citizen participation and offers a discussion of the potential of social marketing as a tool for furthering citizen participation in health promotion planning.
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Lin, Yanliu, and Stijn Kant. "Using Social Media for Citizen Participation: Contexts, Empowerment, and Inclusion." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126635.
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Social media have been increasingly used by governments and planning professionals to gain public opinions, distribute information, and support participation in planning practices. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted to understand the influence of local contexts and the extent to which social media can enhance citizen power and inclusion. This study investigates the role of social media in citizen participation by taking case studies in the Netherlands. It adopts a mixed methods approach that combines interviews, web scraping, and content analysis to understand the characteristics of social media participation. There are several key findings. First, support policies and a high level of social media penetration rate are preconditions for more inclusive participation. Second, social media enhance social inclusion by engaging many participants, who may not be able to participate via traditional methods. Third, they facilitate interactions and different levels of citizen power, though the government still plays a leading role within top-down approaches. Finally, they improve the effectiveness of participation regarding transparency, accessibility, and workable solutions. However, there are several potential political and social bias associated with social media technology. The combination of online and offline participation methods is properly necessary to engage different groups in the planning process.
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Haklay, Muki, Piotr Jankowski, and Zbigniew Zwoliński. "Selected Modern Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning – A Review." Quaestiones Geographicae 37, no. 3 (2018): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0030.
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Abstract The paper presents a review of contributions to the scientific discussion on modern methods and tools for public participation in urban planning. This discussion took place in Obrzycko near Poznań, Poland. The meeting was designed to allow for an ample discussion on the themes of public participatory geographic information systems, participatory geographic information systems, volunteered geographic information, citizen science, Geoweb, geographical information and communication technology, Geo-Citizen participation, geo-questionnaire, geo-discussion, GeoParticipation, Geodesign, Big Data and urban planning. Participants in the discussion were scholars from Austria, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the USA. A review of public participation in urban planning shows new developments in concepts and methods rooted in geography, landscape architecture, psychology, and sociology, accompanied by progress in geoinformation and communication technologies. The discussions emphasized that it is extremely important to state the conditions of symmetric cooperation between city authorities, urban planners and public participation representatives, social organizations, as well as residents.
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Guziana, Bozena. "Only for Citizens? Local Political Engagement in Sweden and Inclusiveness of Terms." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147839.
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In both policy and research, civic engagement and citizen participation are concepts commonly used as important dimensions of social sustainability. However, as migration is a global phenomenon of huge magnitude and complexity, citizen participation is incomplete without considering the political and ethical concerns about immigrants being citizens or non-citizens, or ‘the others’. Although research on citizen participation has been a frequent topic in local government studies in Sweden, the inclusiveness and exclusiveness of terms used in the context of local political engagement, which are addressed in this article, has not received attention. This article examines the Swedish case by analyzing information provided by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and by websites of all 290 municipalities as well terms used in selected research publications on local participation. Additionally, this article studies the effectiveness of municipal websites in providing information to their residents about how they can participate in local democracy. The results show that the term citizen is commonly and incorrectly used both by local authorities and the Association. The article concludes that the term citizen is a social construction of exclusiveness and the use of the term citizen should be avoided in political and civic engagement except for the limited topics that require formal citizenship.
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Nyseth, Torill, Torill Ringholm, and Annika Agger. "Innovative Forms of Citizen Participation at the Fringe of the Formal Planning System." Urban Planning 4, no. 1 (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i1.1680.
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In the Nordic countries, we are witnessing a proliferation of novel and more experimental ways of citizen and authority interaction within the field of urban planning and governance. These formats are seen in urban regeneration projects and planning experiments that endorse more inclusive interactions between public authorities and local actors than in the traditional formal hearings. The intention of this article is to explore the potential of these forms of participation in contributing to social innovation particularly related to including citizens that are difficult to reach, and in creating new arenas for interaction and collaboration. Theoretically, the article is inspired by the concepts of social innovation, planning as experimentation (Hillier, 2007; Nyseth, Pløger, & Holm, 2010), and co-creation (Voorberg, Bekkers, & Tummers, 2013). Empirically, the article draws on three different cases from Norway and Denmark which entailed some novel ways of involving local citizens in urban planning. Finally, the article discusses how formal planning procedures can gain inspiration from such initiatives.
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Pandeya, Ganesh Prasad, and Shree Krishna Shrestha. "Does Citizen Participation Improve Local Planning? An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions in Nepal." Journal of South Asian Development 11, no. 3 (2016): 276–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174116667097.
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Using a qualitative approach, based on extensive fieldwork and surveys, this article examines how participatory institutions in Nepal perform and affect local planning. The evidence points to mixed outcomes: citizen participation can improve local planning, especially with regard to achieving planning efficacy and equity; and at the same time, it sometimes yields no such effects or may produce negative effects including raising expectations, skewing priorities and producing faulty compartmentalization, besides adding to administrative complexities. This is because the anticipated benefits of citizen participation are strongly embedded in local, socio-political realities such as the degree of power exercised by the local elites, mainly politicians, a collusive nexus among them, prior history of citizen mobilization and empowerment and the degree to which citizens and civil society organizations are able to exercise their agency to countervail those forces.
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Widodo, Fatwa. "Evaluasi partisipasi masyarakat pada pembangunan infrastruktur dalam konteks pemberdayaan masyarakat." JPPM (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 5, no. 2 (2018): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jppm.v5i2.15932.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat pada tahapan perencanaan, implementasi dan hasil dari program pembangunan infrastruktur yang dilakukan oleh Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM) Pangudi Mulya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Model evaluasi yang digunakan ialah CIPP (Context, Input, Prosses dan Product). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah: wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi sebagai metode penunjang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pada tahap perencanaan warga masyarakat non-anggota ikut berpartisipasi menyuarakan pendapatnya dan ikut serta dalam menyusun rencana program. (2) Pada tahap implementasi, warga non-anggota ikut berpartisipasi dapat dalam bentuk tenaga, materi, donasi maupun logistik. Partisipasi masyarakat dilakukan dengan cara sukarela tanpa adanya paksaan dari anggota BKM. (3) Program pembangunan yang telah dilaksanakan dapat selesai tepat waktu. Hal ini dikarenakan realisasi program dibantu oleh partisipasi masyarakat. Selain itu hasil program dapat merubah keadaan masyarakat, terutama pada sektor kesehatan. An evaluation of social participation in infrastructure development for social empowerment context AbstractThe aims of this research were to know social participation in the planning; implementation and product stages of the development program in infrastructure by BKM (Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat) Pangudi Mulya. This research using CIPP (Context, Input, Prosses and Product) model for evaluate the object. The technique of collecting data were: interview, documentation and observation. The technique of analysis data used: reducting data, display data and conclusion. The results of this research were: (1) in the planning step citizen non member did participation such as idea and include to planned a program. (2) In the implementation step, citizen non member also did participation well. Kinds of participation were had variation, such as: power, material, donated and logistic. Citizen non member did participation without compulsion by BKM member, they did voluntarily. (3) The development program were held on timely. It’s because did by participation from citizen. Beside that the result could change social situation, especially on health sector.
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Koch, Florian, and Lina María Sánchez Steiner. "Participation without Power." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 2 (2016): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16668312.
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Citizen participation has become an important political strategy. A case study of the Barranquilla land-use plan employing Fung and Wright’s theories on countervailing power reveals that the citizen participation promoted to comply with legal requirements was a failure because it was manipulated by the dominant public actor. In societies such as that of Barranquilla, which employs traditional modes of politics, there is little chance of fostering successful participatory processes because there is no countervailing power to offset the established one. The violent context that surrounds the political sphere, low confidence in state institutions, and the convergence of economic and political power prevent the creation of strong and independent countervailing powers. La participación ciudadana se ha convertido en una importante estrategia política. El estudio de caso del plan de usos de terrenos de Barranquilla a través del prisma de las teorías de Fung y Wright sobre el poder compensatorio revela que la participación ciudadana promovida para cumplir con los requisitos legales fue un fracaso porque fue manipulada por el actor público dominante. En sociedades como la de Barranquilla, con sus modos tradicionales de la política, hay pocas posibilidades de fomentar procesos de participación exitosos porque no hay un poder compensatorio que contrarreste el poder establecido. El contexto violento que envuelve la esfera política, la poca confianza en las instituciones estatales y la convergencia del poder económico con el poder social impiden la creación de poderes compensatorios fuertes e independientes.
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Zakhour, Sherif. "The democratic legitimacy of public participation in planning: Contrasting optimistic, critical, and agnostic understandings." Planning Theory 19, no. 4 (2020): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095219897404.
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How does public participation in planning and environmental governance engender democratic legitimacy? Drawing a distinction between the optimistic and critical participation literature, I argue that both these strands of research have tended to neglect the public’s perspective on this question. This oversight has, in effect, produced strongly normative and essentialist understandings of democratic legitimacy that treat legitimicy as intrinsic to either process or substance of participatory governance. Proceeding from an anti-essentialist understanding of democratic legitimacy, which primarily relies on contemporary social perceptions and expectations of democratic institutions, I outline a normatively agnostic framework for exploring how legitimacy is engendered through participation. Using this framework to investigate citizen experiences of participation processes in Sweden, I highlight how democratic legitimacy can gainfully be understood as a multidimensional, provisional, and contingent quality that individual citizen participants “confer” and “retract” in a plurality of ways. Based on this, I conclude by suggesting that sustained research engagement with the public’s expectations and experiences of participatory governance can reveal critical insights into the potentials and challenges for realizing democratic planning outcomes.
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Singh, Ajit, and Gabriela Christmann. "Citizen Participation in Digitised Environments in Berlin: Visualising Spatial Knowledge in Urban Planning." Urban Planning 5, no. 2 (2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.3030.
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Digital information and communication technologies influence not only on urban planning but also citizen participation. The increasing level of politically driven involvement of the public in urban planning processes has led to the development of new participatory technologies and innovative visual tools. Using an empirical case study, the article investigates a completed participation process concerning an e-participation platform in Berlin, while focusing on the following questions: (1) How are visualisations communicatively deployed within e-participation formats? (2) In what ways do citizens communicate a kind of spatial knowledge? (3) Which imaginings of public urban space are constructed through the use of visualisations? The exploration of the communication conditions and the ‘methods’ employed will demonstrate the way participants visually communicate their perceptions and local knowledge as well as how they construct their imagining of urban places. In this context, visualisations in participation processes are understood as products of ‘communicative actions’ (Knoblauch, 2019) that allow people to present their visions in ways that are more understandable and tangible to themselves and others. Within this context, by the example of the state-driven e-platform ‘meinBerlin’ a discussion will trace how far digitalised and visualised communicative actions from Berlin residents contribute to the social construction of urban spaces and the extent to which they can be considered a part of cooperative planning.
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Andhika, Lesmana Rian, Heru Nurasa, Nina Karlina, and Candradewini Candradewini. "Innovation of Regional Participation Budgeting Through A Social Media Platform Model." Jurnal Borneo Administrator 15, no. 2 (2019): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v15i2.387.
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The participatory budgeting process through social media has received attention in recent years, aims to increaseg citizen participation in government budgeting. The use of social media in many cases opposes the political practice assumptions of a budget lobbying to decide a specific budget post. Using conceptual article methods, we identified a participatory budgeting framework simulation using social media (Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube, Google+, Telegram) to provide detailed explanations of procedures or techniques, specific instructions, discuss, and describe the participatory budgeting practices determination. Therefore, it required an innovative way, academically claimed to give better budget transparency. This research resulted in some information i.e., with the participatory budgeting model through social media, the citizen can take part in the planning, decision-making, and monitoring budgets democratically. Finally, we consider the weaknesses of our knowledge, suggesting the participatory budgeting that can be tested in future research.
 Keywords: Participatory Budgeting, Social Media, Citizen Participation, Innovative
 Abstrak
 Proses penganggaran partisipatif melalui media sosial telah mendapat perhatian dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penganggaran pemerintah. Penggunaan media sosial di banyak kasus menentang asumsi praktik politis anggaran dengan cara lobi untuk menentukan pos anggaran tertentu. Dengan menggunakan metode conceptual article, kami mengidentifikasi simulasi kerangka kerja penganggaran partisipatif menggunakan media sosial (Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube, Google+, Telegram) untuk memberikan penjelasan rinci tentang prosedur atau teknik, dan menyediakan instruksi spesifik, mendiskusikannya, dan menggambarkan penentuan praktik penganggaran partisipatif. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan cara yang inovatif, secara akademis diklaim memberikan transparansi anggaran yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa informasi yaitu, dengan model penganggaran partisipatif melalui media sosial, masyarakat lebih demokratis untuk ikut dalam perencanaan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pengawasan anggaran. Terakhir, kami mempertimbangkan kelemahan pengetahuan kami, menyarankan penganggaran partisipatif yang dapat diuji dalam praktik penelitian masa depan.
 Kata Kunci: Penganggaran Partisipatif, Media Sosial, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Inovatif
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Beard, Victoria A. "Individual Determinants of Participation in Community Development in Indonesia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 1 (2005): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c36m.
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Given the new decentralization legislation in Indonesia, citizen participation is an increasingly important factor in planning and development policies. Yet policymakers have inadequate information about the types of individuals likely to contribute their knowledge, time, and economic resources to the development process. This paper provides a background and conceptual framework for understanding citizen participation in community development as well as the related components of civil society and social capital in Indonesia. A series of logistic and ordinary least squares regression models are used to analyze the effect of individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on the likelihood of participation in community development. I conclude that participatory community development (1) restricts women's participation beyond the role of family caretaker, and (2) has a limited capacity to help the poor.
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Slaev, Aleksandar D., Atanas Kovachev, Boriana Nozharova, Diliana Daskalova, Peter Nikolov, and Plamen Petrov. "Overcoming the failures of citizen participation: The relevance of the liberal approach in planning." Planning Theory 18, no. 4 (2019): 448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095219848472.
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This article examines the obstacles to public participation in a representative democracy and the approaches that can help to overcome these obstacles. Democracy is never perfect because of the inherent difficulties of developing democratic institutions, yet the drawbacks of representative democracy are considerably greater than those of direct democracy. We consider public participation as an element of direct democracy integrated into the structure of representative democracy in order to balance the power of the centre with that of the constituent members of the democratic system. We underscore the role of nomocracy, by which we mean promoting the power of equitable legal and other social rules over the power of the centre. In public participation, the functioning of rules faces greater obstacles than in other forms of democracy. Thus, the professionalism of planners and public administrators is particularly important in formulating these rules; it is even more important when the challenges of establishing rules are major or insuperable. We distinguish between two types of planning professionalism: teleocratic (based primarily on technocratic skills) and nomocratic (based on the nomocratic liberal approach). We recognize the significance of the former, but our main contribution to the debate on public participation is to emphasize the crucial importance and priority of nomocratic professionalism in overcoming the difficulties of citizen involvement and the shortcomings of representative democracy. To test our conclusions, we explore the practice of citizen engagement in the process of planning bikeway networks in several large Bulgarian cities, where public participation is frustrated by the prevalence of the teleocratic approach and the lack of nomocratic traditions.
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Reaven, Marci. "Neighborhood Activism in Planning for New York City, 1945-1975." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (2017): 1261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217705446.
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The practice of city planning in New York City was transformed in the decades after World War II. At the start of this period, the system was characterized by little citizen involvement and no transparency. By the mid-1970s, citizens had become accepted participants in land-use decision-making, and formal procedures for involving citizens in planning had been written into local law. This article explores how this turning point in citizen participation came about by focusing on the Cooper Square Committee—an ambitious practitioner of neighborhood activism on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Setting the Committee’s quest in the participatory context of the times uncovers a groundswell of voluntary groups who used the city’s neighborhoods as forums for democratic action. Along with government actors, planning professionals, and civic and social agencies, such groups contributed to the transformation in planning, which developed not by premeditated campaign but by a cumulative process of public problem-solving and social innovation.
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Nyseth, Torill, and Abdelillah Hamdouch. "The Transformative Power of Social Innovation in Urban Planning and Local Development." Urban Planning 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i1.1950.
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This issue discusses the concept of social innovation (SI) as a potentially transformative factor in urban planning and local development. SI represents an alternative to economic and technology-oriented approaches to urban development, such as that of ‘smart cities’, ‘creative cities’, etc. This is thanks to the emphasis SI puts on human agency and the empowerment of local communities and citizens to be actively involved in transforming their urban environments. Urban planning could benefit greatly from devoting more attention to SI when addressing the diverse urban problems of today, such as social exclusion, urban segregation, citizen participation and integration, or environmental protection, many of them addressed in the articles gathered in this volume.
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MacRina, David M., and Thomas W. O'Rourke. "Citizen Participation in Health Planning in the U.S. and the U.K.: Implications for Health Education Strategies." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 7, no. 3 (1986): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ltcc-k77x-gdxp-669e.
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The role of citizen involvement in the health planning process in Great Britain and the United States makes for interesting comparisons. Within both systems, the record of citizen participation in health planning has been mixed. Both the philosophical goals and political and economic realities of the two countries have contributed to the development of markedly different systems of health care delivery and for the perceived role of the citizens within this delivery system. While previous comparisons have primarily centered on the nature of the delivery systems and potential effectiveness and cost, this study focuses upon the citizen's role in effecting meaningful health planning in both societies. Furthermore, the study relates findings to implications for developing effective health education strategies based upon these understandings.
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Aboelnaga, Somaya. "Public participation in planning in the Egyptian context." Challenges of Modern Technology 8, no. 2 (2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2629.
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Public participation is a critical aspect in the planning, also spatial planning. Its role is changing dramatically as it is present not only in social development but also tackles issues connected with cultural, educational. The most important element in participation is the will to do it – to engage in the process of planning the of life, of new urban communities, and how it is taking place in the planning process at different levels/ scales. There is a need to strengthen the public participation in the Egyptian context. Consequently, there are many cases in public participation related to the different levels (metropolitan, city, action area), connected to urban issues, besides, the sectoral issues related to economic development and societal needs. Thus, there is still a gap between existing national policies and their implementation at local level. The important question is how to achieve the local needs with strategies prepared on upper-level agencies. The main problem, in addition to the environmental issues is the regional disparities, poverty illustrated by low human development index. The research aim is to determine general framework and rules of citizen participation in Egypt by illustrating many cases from Egyptian context, and to examine the process and assess their effectiveness and the paper will end with the policy changes.
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Saner, Raymond, Lichia Yiu, and Melanie Nguyen. "Monitoring the SDGs: Digital and social technologies to ensure citizen participation, inclusiveness and transparency." Development Policy Review 38, no. 4 (2020): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12433.
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Sánchez-Hernández, Maria Isabel, Manuel Aguilar-Yuste, Juan José Maldonado-Briegas, Jesús Seco-González, Cristina Barriuso-Iglesias, and Maria Mercedes Galán-Ladero. "Modelling Municipal Social Responsibility: A Pilot Study in the Region of Extremadura (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176887.
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Social Responsibility in the Public Administration is an emerging phenomenon responding to the challenges and opportunities for public institutions faced by the rapidly evolving world. The general and ambitious global goal of sustainability is at risk because inequality is increasing among countries, but also within countries at the regional and local levels. Facing this problem, the aim of this paper is to approach how the social responsibility of local governments is impacting citizens’ participation as a way of managing the required transformation to sustainable development. In order to contribute to seed light in the field, a pilot study was carried out, employing partial least squares as an exploratory method, with an ad hoc structural equation model, and with a sample of 256 inhabitants in three municipalities in Extremadura (Spain). The findings are promising for place marketing, local public management and democracy reinforcement because it is empirically demonstrated that the municipality’s orientation towards responsibility impacts citizen´s connection, attraction, and identification with the municipality, increasing citizen participation.
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Yang, Guobin. "The Co-evolution of the Internet and Civil Society in China." Asian Survey 43, no. 3 (2003): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.3.405.
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Civil society and the Internet energize each other in their co-evolutionary development in China. The Internet facilitates civil society activities by offering new possibilities for citizen participation. Civil society facilitates the development of the Internet by providing the necessary social basis——citizens and citizen groups——for communication and interaction. These arguments are illustrated with an analysis of the discourse in Qiangguo Luntan [Strengthening the Nation Forum] and an ethnographic study of Huaxia Zhiqing [Chinese Educated Youth], <www.hxzq.net>.
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Liu, Lixin, Jiawen Chen, Qingnan Cai, Yaofu Huang, and Wei Lang. "System Building and Multistakeholder Involvement in Public Participatory Community Planning through Both Collaborative- and Micro-Regeneration." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218808.
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With the continuous development of social governance research and practice, the role of public participation in community planning has received increasing attention. In some developing countries, the public participation methods used in Western countries show a certain degree of inadaptability. The underlying reason for this is the lack of understanding of the related concepts and participation units of public participation and the lack of a scientific public participation system. This study first investigated the fundamental issues of public participation system construction and the definition of a public participation unit in community planning. Then, the micro-renovation of the Zengcuoan community in Xiamen, China, was used as an example to introduce the whole process of constructing a public participation system and an inverted pyramid model of public participation units. Collaborative workshops are a method of community planning that is government-guided and allows for multistakeholder participation and joint consultation. These workshops are mainly led by relevant government departments or social autonomous organizations. They adopt a flexible and diverse approach in response to problems and needs in the process of community construction and development that mobilizes and organizes residents and community organizations to participate in community construction and governance. Collaborative workshops provide new working ideas and practical solutions for participatory community planning in both top-down (government-led) and bottom-up (citizen-led) settings in developing countries.
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Perttola, Laura, and Hanna-Kaisa Pernaa. "The Absent Minority in Welfare Planning: Entitling or Overburdening Citizens with Responsibility?" Socialiniai tyrimai 39, no. 2 (2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/sr.v39i2.80.
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In Finnish health care and social welfare legislation, a shift towards strengthening the individual’s right to participate has been significant during the past two decades. While the traditional presumption of citizen involvement and developing of deliberative democracy lies on normality and social activism, it is becomingapparent that the substantial amount or Finnish social and healthcare expenditure is used by one tenth of citizens who do not fit into this category and can be considered as large-scale consumers of the services. We refer to this group, identified by high service consumption and low participation, as the absent minority. In this paper, we illuminate the legislative and participative possibilities of involving and acknowledging this group in communal welfare service development.
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NEUGEBAUER, Carola. "URBAN RENEWAL PLANNING IN GERMAN CITIES – A GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 85 (2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2021.85.23-37.
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The European Union and Germany strive for a “green and just Europe” with a climate-neutral building stock, net zero land consumption and cities of social cohesion and cultural identity. Thus, urban renewal as the protection and cautious re-modelling of socio-material urban fabrics re-gains topicality. Urban renewal is neither a new nor an easy mode of urban development: West Germany experienced the first heydays of urban renewal planning in 1960s and 70s; big constructions works triggered civil protests and spurred institutional changes, namely the introduction of citizen participation in planning. Since then, the planning and local political institutions have continued to change oscillating between neoliberal and ‘citizen democratic reforms’. So far, however, the German planning research has ignored these changes and the evolving experiences of urban renewal. This paper steps in here: It aims at a critical review of the local practices of renewal planning in German cities today. Starting from the governance concept, the paper reveals key characteristics of and interdependencies among the local stakeholder groups in urban renewal – i.e. planners, politicians, citizens and activists, private entrepreneurs. It shows (1) how the formal political and planning institutions pre-frame the actors’ opportunities and interdependencies, and how they use leeway differently due to specific informal institutions. The paper (2) points at the tight and critical interdependency between the local political bodies and the planning departments, which differs importantly from some Eastern European contexts. Finally, the paper reveal (3) some new challenges that are the un-explored local effects of citizen participation and ppp-cooperation in German renewal planning today: It becomes evident that participatory and cooperative renewal planning is still a demanding learning process in Germany without easy nor final receipts.
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Křepelková, Šárka, Jan Činčera, and Roman Kroufek. "Becoming a Global Citizen through Participation in the Global Storylines Program." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154162.
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This study investigates the effect of the Global Storylines educational program which aims to increase primary school students’ sustainability competences and their awareness of global problems. To obtain the data, we organized seven focus groups with a total of 52 students (25 girls, 27 boys) of an average age of 8.55 years, and conducted 7 interviews with 8 teachers (all women). The findings demonstrate the program’s likely effect on students’ improved inter- and intra-personal skills, better social climate in the classes, and students’ increased sensitivity to global issues noticeable in local communities. However, the program’s effect on student self-efficacy in mitigating the presented issues in real life does not seem to be supported. Further, this study analyzes the constraints perceived by the teachers in implementing the program in primary schools. The teachers found the program rather time-consuming and the topic more appropriate for older students. Finally, the study discusses the implications of these results for implementing and running the program in the future.
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Moghaieb, Heba Saleh. "Estimating local administrators’ participation in planning: case of “Egypt vision 2030”." Review of Economics and Political Science 4, no. 3 (2019): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-11-2018-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to address to what extent local administration is involved in national planning focusing on drafting and reviewing processes of “Egypt Vision 2030”. Design/methodology/approach The paper plan to use focus group discussions and descriptive-analytical approach with representatives of local administration in three governorates. Findings Importance of local participation is not any more a question; however, participation concept and methodology are what matters. Participatory approach is not complex-free. It is crucial to consider conflicts of interest groups, ideologies, and political trends, communities’ high expectations, particularly of those who were marginalized and deprived for long time. Definitions should not be unified on national, regional and local levels. Each community needs to agree on its own definitions, needs, dreams and paths toward development. Accordingly, the role of the planner is to expand choices and opportunities for each citizen. Participation in planning for the future must include the coming generation who are opting to live this tomorrow. That requires institutionalization of youth participation in the decision-making processes. Research limitations/implications It was difficult to ensure meeting adequate sample; however, the author does believe that the participated sample represents the case. Practical implications The impact of public participation in planning on enhancing the planning processes and strategic planning outcomes and implementation is not a matter of questioning anymore, although governments do not pay due attention. Social implications Public participation in planning processes named participative planning is crucial for achieving development, social justice, economic development and public trust in governments. Originality/value The paper depends on focus-group discussions that were conducted by the author. Analysis and discussions reflect the author’s academic and practical experiences.
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Falanga, Roberto, and João Ferrão. "The evaluation of citizen participation in policymaking: Insights from Portugal." Evaluation and Program Planning 84 (February 2021): 101895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101895.
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Ferreira, Vera, Ana Barreira, Luís Loures, Dulce Antunes, and Thomas Panagopoulos. "Stakeholders’ Engagement on Nature-Based Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020640.
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Cities are facing a broad range of social and environmental challenges due to the current pressure of global urbanization. Nature-based solutions aim to utilize green infrastructure to improve people’s health and wellbeing. The design of urban environments must embrace the individual ideals of citizens and stakeholders which can only be achieved if effective methods of communication, involvement, and feedback are ensured. Such a procedure creates trust during its implementation, helping to take ownership and stewardship of processes and sites. This systematic literature review explores the current state of the art regarding citizen and stakeholder participation in nature-based solutions (NBS). The search on the SCOPUS database identified 142 papers in total that met the inclusion criteria. The participation analysis was separated in two areas: (a) analysis of perceptions, preferences, and perspectives of citizens and stakeholders, and (b) analysis of the participation process, including challenges and opportunities, motivations, methods and frameworks, and collaborative governance. The results revealed that stakeholder and citizen participation or collaboration in nature-based solutions is increasingly recognized as promising; however, research in several related domains is still lacking.
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Duadji, Noverman, and Novita Tresiana. "A participation model based on community forum as a reproductive health knowledge transaction space to increase male participation in vasectomy." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 31, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v31i12018.1-13.
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The first background of this research is the low participation of male vasectomy KB due to lack of information and low male contraceptive services. The second background of this research is Friedmann’s (2011) idea of citizen forum as transaction space which becomes communication media in the form of equal dialogue.This study aims to analyse the causes of low participation in the vasectomy method of family planning (KB) in South Lampung Regency; analyse the grassroots organisations in the community as the support system for a potential increase in the society’s participation in vasectomy as a part of family planning (KB); and develop a model of vasectomy to increase the participation in South Lampung Regency. This study utilised primary and secondary data which were collected and analysed using qualitative-descriptive method. The research was conducted in nine villages in South Lampung Regency. The findings showed that the major failure for participation in the vasectomy method of family planning (KB) was caused by a lack of a representative knowledge transaction space in family planning (KB) and reproductive health. On the other hand, the existing active societal-institutional support system can be utilised as the space for knowledge transaction. A solution to enhance a social participation model through community forums is urgently needed.
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Pareja, Claudio, Jordi Honey-Rosés, Nadja Kunz, Jocelyn Fraser, and André Xavier. "What Participation? Distinguishing Water Monitoring Programs in Mining Regions Based on Community Participation." Water 10, no. 10 (2018): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101325.
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Water issues are a major concern for the mining sector and for communities living near mining operations. Water-related conflicts can damage a firm’s social license to operate while violent conflicts pose devastating impacts on community well-being. Collaborative approaches to water management are gaining attention as a proactive solution to prevent conflict. One manifestation of these efforts is participatory water monitoring (PWM). PWM programs have the potential to generate new scientific information on water quantity and quality, improve scientific literacy, generate trust among stakeholders, improve water resource management and ultimately mitigate conflict. The emergence of PWM programs signals a shift toward greater stakeholder collaboration and more inclusive water governance within mining regions. In this article, we propose a new framework to evaluate the degree and extent of community involvement in PWM programs. This framework builds on citizen science literature. When applied to 20 cases in Latin America, notable differences in the degree of community and company participation between PWM programs are found. These differences suggest that companies and communities approach these programs from very different points of view. It is concluded that more attentive collaboration between firms and communities in the design of the program, the collection of data and interpretation of the results is needed to effectively build trust through PWM.
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Vasiliades, Michalis A., Andreas Ch Hadjichambis, Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Anastasia Adamou, and Yiannis Georgiou. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Participation Aspects of Environmental and Nature-Based Citizen Science Initiatives." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137457.
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It is commonly argued that, despite the tremendous resonance Citizen Science (CS) has shown in recent years, there is still lack of understanding of important aspects defining citizens’ participation and engagement in CS initiatives. While CS initiatives could provide a vehicle to foster forms of participation contributing to the democratization of science, there is still limited attention paid to the “Citizen” component of the Citizen Science term. For the purpose of this work, we systematically reviewed the available literature for empirical studies in respect to citizens’ participation in environmental and nature-based CS initiatives established during the last two decades, using the PRISMA methodology. The participatory facet of the retrieved 119 CS initiatives was analysed on the basis of: (a) exclusion and inclusion demographic factors, (b) CS models and practices, (c) facilitators and constraints of citizen’s participation, and (d) environmental citizenship. Our findings show that the majority of the CS initiatives did not place restrictions on gender participation; however, we have identified that mostly highly educated adults participated in the reviewed initiatives. In addition, most of the CS initiatives reported in the literature were situated in the EU and USA, were mostly limited to the local scale, and primarily followed the contributory model. Academic institutions were found to coordinate the majority of the CS initiatives examined. By using digital technologies, academic scientists were able to control and increase data quality, as well as to engage a broader audience, even though they were mostly treating volunteers as “data collectors”, desiring their long-term engagement. Therefore, it will be of CS benefit to be better aligned with the mentality and needs of citizens. In this direction CS initiatives should trigger citizens’ learning gains and interpersonal/social benefits and personal, environmental, and social motivations, but also to shift their goals towards contributing to science and citizens’ connection with nature. On the other hand, there is a need to overcome any design and implementation barriers, and to enhance democratization through a more participative engagement of active and aware citizens, thus promoting environmental citizenship.
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Cárdenas, Macarena L., Vanessa Wilde, Alex Hagen-Zanker, Isabel Seifert-Dähnn, Michael G. Hutchins, and Steven Loiselle. "The Circular Benefits of Participation in Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084344.
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Nature-based solutions (NbS) provide direct benefits to people who live in areas where these approaches are present. The degree of direct benefits (thermal comfort, reduced flood risk, and mental health) varies across temporal and spatial scales, and it can be modelled and quantified. Less clear are the indirect benefits related to opportunities to learn about the environment and its influence on personal behaviour and action. The present study, based on survey data from 1955 participants across 17 cities worldwide, addressed whether participation in NbS through two types of interactions (a passive learning experience about NbS and a more active experience based on Citizen Science) stimulates motivation and willingness to be more environmentally sustainable. Over 75% of participants improved their understanding of environmental sustainability and were highly motivated and more confident in their ability to improve sustainability in their local environment/nature. Similar percentage improvements arose from both types of activity across all cities. Those NbS that had elements of both blue and green infrastructure rated higher than those that had predominantly green NbS. Interestingly, a large percentage of the participants did not live near the NbS that were the focus of these activities. This indicated that expected spatial limitations between benefit and recipient may be overcome when dedicated programmes involve people in learning or monitoring NbS. Therefore, opportunities have arisen to expand inclusion from the immediately local to the larger community through participation and Citizen Science, with potential benefits to social cohesion and urban sustainability.
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Peter, Maria, Tim Diekötter, and Kerstin Kremer. "Participant Outcomes of Biodiversity Citizen Science Projects: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (2019): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102780.
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Citizen science is becoming increasingly popular as a format in environmental and sustainability education. Citizen science not only allows researchers to gather large amounts of biodiversity-related data, it also has the potential to engage the public in biodiversity research. Numerous citizen science projects have emerged that assume that participation in the project affects participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. We investigated what evidence really exists about the outcomes of biodiversity citizen science projects on the side of the individual participants. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed research articles published up to and including 2017. We found evidence for various individual participant outcomes. The outcome reported most often was a gain in knowledge. Other outcomes, found in several articles, referred to changes in behavior or attitudes. Outcomes reported less often were new skills, increased self-efficacy and interest, and a variety of other personal outcomes. We discuss the research design and methods used in the reviewed studies und formulate specific recommendations for future research. We conclude that citizen science is a promising option for environmental and sustainability education focusing on biodiversity. Partnerships between natural and social scientists in the design and evaluation of projects would allow future biodiversity citizen science projects to utilize their full educational potential.
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Carra, Martina, Nicoletta Levi, Giulia Sgarbi, and Chiara Testoni. "From community participation to co-design: “Quartiere bene comune” case study." Journal of Place Management and Development 11, no. 2 (2018): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-06-2017-0046.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to research in the field of social innovation and participatory policies through the analysis of the experimental “Quartiere bene comune” project implemented by Reggio Emilia municipality. The paper focuses on the planning strategies, the operational co-design methodologies and the programming of the used processes. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, the paper reviews the regulatory instruments and previous participatory policies implemented in Italy. Secondly, it describes the approaches and methodologies used in the context of participatory policies, through strategic planning and according to bottom-up governance models. Findings The study assesses the quality of the non-standardized solutions which were adopted, both in terms of community daily needs and of management of public space. Such assessment relies on a system of measurable numerical indicators, to the goals established within the pre-agreements between public administration and community and to the ensuing consistency with the indicators provided for in the planning and executive management plan of the public body. Research limitations/implications This paper proposes a new model for the evaluation of public action, capable of highlighting the relation between assumptions, operative processes, results and impacts achieved. The study is limited to the case of seven sample neighbourhoods of a single city, in which the Citizen Agreement cycle has been completed. Originality/value The study contributes to defining the framework of participatory practices in terms of active citizenship and organizational/social innovation and proposes a new methodology of impact assessment.
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Bukovszki, Viktor, Gabriella Dóci, and András Reith. "Coding Engines in Participatory Social Housing Design—A Case to Revisit Pattern Languages." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063367.
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Participation has been touted as a critical instrument for both citizen empowerment and responsibility-sharing in sustainability. In architecture, participation allows for the progression of green building to sustainable habitation that integrates environmental, economic, and social dimensions. However, participation in practice rarely delegates meaningful decisions to marginalized groups and is mostly a one-sided process. This study seeks to investigate which factors of the participatory method afford both empowerment and behavioral change to a sustainable lifestyle in low-income groups. To do so, a case study of designing a social housing estate in Hungary is presented, where participatory design was used to codevelop a building that considers and adjusts to the sustainable lifestyle envisioned by the future residents. A coding engine based on the concept of pattern languages was developed that places conditions and experience of everyday activities at the center of design, translating them to spatial features. As a result, a focus group of social housing tenants and cohousing experts were able to define explicit shared spaces, allocate square meters to them, and articulate legible design criteria. Of the early-stage design decisions, 45% were made with or by the participants, and the bilateral process made it possible to convince the tenants to adopt a more sustainable habitation format.
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Hariguna, Taqwa, Athapol Ruangkanjanases, and Sarmini. "Public Behavior as an Output of E-Government Service: The Role of New Technology Integrated in E-Government and Antecedent of Relationship Quality." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137464.
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Electronic government has played an essential role in citizen policy strategy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of citizen and government interaction, companies can utilize electronic government facilities to establish direct communication and maintain service quality by integrating new technologies and facilities in electronic government which can provide service via online, embedded with social media integration, implemented with mobile service, using personalized user accounts, e-participation service integration, in combination with ongoing citizen information. Therefore, electronic government facilities must adapt and choose the right content to promote strong citizen relations, leading to citizen behavior to make long-term use of electronic government facilities. This study considered and integrated the latest technology from electronic government and associated it with connection quality. Sustainable motives and faithfulness were used to quantify the quality of citizen relations to electronic government facilities, which can influence the results of citizen behavior. The SmartPLS 2 software was used to quantify and estimate 425 online questionnaire surveys. The results showed that of the 12 hypotheses, eight hypotheses were declared to have a significant effect, consisting of H1, H2, H6–H8, and H10–H12, while the other four hypotheses were stated to have no significant effect, namely H3–H5, and H9. This study was used to guide the government as a provider of electronic government facilities to adapt and provide content following the dimensions of the latest technology to achieve goals and produce sustainable implementation.
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Bouzguenda, Islam, Chaham Alalouch, and Nadia Fava. "Towards smart sustainable cities: A review of the role digital citizen participation could play in advancing social sustainability." Sustainable Cities and Society 50 (October 2019): 101627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101627.
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Reza, Muhamad, Melinda Noer, and Yonariza Asmawi. "Benefits of social ties in farmer groups at agricultural extension planning in the district of Lima Puluh Kota, Indonesia." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 1 (2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.01.2416.
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Social ties is an important form of social capital in community groups, including farmer groups, because it will determine the activity of the group. Social ties can be formed based on the connection between ancestry and non-ancestry relationships. This article examines the benefits of the farmer group social ties in the agricultural extension planning process in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, a case study of farmer groups at the village level (nagari). The research design used is mixed methods research, that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods simultaneously with the weight of the method more pressed on qualitative methods. The type of the research used is case study. Three villages as the locations of this case study are Nagari Balai Panjang, Tanjuang Gadang and Batu Balang Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Site selection was done purposively, with the reason that farmer groups in the three nagari have social bonding based on the connection between ancestry and non-ancestry relationships. Data collection techniques are interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and observation. Data were obtained from key informants from the leader of farmer groups as many as thirteen (13) people and agricultural extension workers as many as three (3) people with snowball techniques. Data ware analyzed by qualitative descriptive techniques using data interpretation analysis tools, and quantitative data is analyzed by scoring techniques using the Arnstein participation ladder. The result of the research proves that social ties of the farmer group play a role as a mobilizer of the participation of the group members in improving the village level agricultural planning process (nagari). The participation level of farmers in the village (nagari) of study cases is at tokenism level up to citizen power for each stage of composing agricultural extension program.
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De Filippo, Daniela, María Luisa Lascurain, Andres Pandiella-Dominique, and Elias Sanz-Casado. "Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125175.
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Energy efficiency is part of the commitment to environmental sustainability made by the organizations that promote and finance research and by the researchers that make this field their subject of study. Although there is growing interest in the subject, it is worth asking whether the research has been approached considering citizens’ needs or citizens’ participation. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether energy efficiency research has adopted a citizen science perspective. Using scientometric methods, the SCOPUS and CORDIS databases were consulted and a document search strategy was developed to gather information on publications and projects. The analysis revealed that, out of 265 projects under the Seventh Framework Programme on Energy Efficiency, only seven (3%) were related to citizen science. Although there is a large volume of publications on energy efficiency (over 200,000) and a considerable number of publications on citizen science (>30,000 articles), only 336 documents were identified that deal with both topics. The number of projects and publications on these topics has increased in recent years, with universities being the institutions that have published the most. Content analysis found that the most frequent topics are public perception of the use of renewable energies; citizen participation in measures to address climate change and global warming; and the involvement of different stakeholders in the use and responsible consumption of energy. Finally, information was collected on the impact of these publications on social media and altmetric tools. It was revealed that 33% of the 336 papers have had a presence in different sources, especially Twitter. This is a high figure compared with the dissemination achieved by papers from other disciplines.
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Lock, Oliver, and Christopher Pettit. "Social media as passive geo-participation in transportation planning – how effective are topic modeling & sentiment analysis in comparison with citizen surveys?" Geo-spatial Information Science 23, no. 4 (2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1815596.
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Huh, Taewook, and Jiyoung Hailiey Kim. "Multiple Conjunctural Impact on Digital Social Innovation: Focusing on the OECD Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 4887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184887.
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This study aims to explore the influencing factors of multidisciplinary digital social innovation (DSI) in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries in light of the socio-technical system transition theory. It sets up the eight variables of the four areas that comprise the DSI, and then identifies the causal conditions (arrangements) based on the empirical findings through the fuzzy-set multi-conjunctural analysis. In short, it concludes that, if OECD member countries have high level of democracy and e-participation, high GDP and business-friendly environment, high social expenditure, and high level of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) development and patent applications, they are highly likely to achieve a sufficient level of digital social innovation. This study underlines that the result of combined arrangement explains that the DSI can be more properly characterized by the multi-level and structured approach of the socio-technical system transition that goes beyond the fragmentary approach of existing innovation theories and the current related academic field. Moreover, this study reveals that the social factors (including the social capital variable) that have attracted attention from previous studies may have little effect on the DSI. In essence, it suggests that citizen interaction and social change can be newly formed through technological innovation in a multi-dimensional way, and that more in-depth discussion regarding the new context of ‘digital citizen’ might be required.
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Asingizwe, Domina, Marilyn Milumbu Murindahabi, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, et al. "Co-Designing a Citizen Science Program for Malaria Control in Rwanda." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 7012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247012.
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Good health and human wellbeing is one of the sustainable development goals. To achieve this goal, many efforts are required to control infectious diseases including malaria which remains a major public health concern in Rwanda. Surveillance of mosquitoes is critical to control the disease, but surveillance rarely includes the participation of citizens. A citizen science approach (CSA) has been applied for mosquito surveillance in developed countries, but it is unknown whether it is feasible in rural African contexts. In this paper, the technical and social components of such a program are described. Participatory design workshops were conducted in Ruhuha, Rwanda. Community members can decide on the technical tools for collecting and reporting mosquito species, mosquito nuisance, and confirmed malaria cases. Community members set up a social structure to gather observations by nominating representatives to collect the reports and send them to the researchers. These results demonstrate that co-designing a citizen science program (CSP) with citizens allows for decision on what to use in reporting observations. The decisions that the citizens took demonstrated that they have context-specific knowledge and skills, and showed that implementing a CSP in a rural area is feasible.
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Siegel, Sarah. "“Dominant Decision-Making Authority”: Resident Leadership in St. Louis, Missouri, Model Cities Planning." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 2 (2018): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218757498.
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When federal policymakers created Model Cities in 1966, they envisioned it as an innovative approach to urban renewal. Part of the War on Poverty, Model Cities combined slum redevelopment, an expansion of social services, and citizen participation. Understanding community action as a critique of and attempt to reorient decades of failed urban policy, this article spotlights efforts by residents to seize and maintain control of urban improvement programs. Residents claimed expertise in urban planning by virtue of their experience living in impoverished neighborhoods. Their vision for their community suggested an alternate path for city planning that supported poor residents’ influence to achieve a more democratic society. This article traces how community leaders in St. Louis, Missouri, briefly achieved resident-controlled urban planning within Model Cities. Although residents’ ideas were never implemented as they hoped, these plans expose the opportunities and constraints of neighborhood activism in the War on Poverty.
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Syahrir, Yusri. "Towards an effective participatory process for a sustainable urban waterfront development." Communication in Humanity and Social Science 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21924/chss.1.1.2021.6.
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During the early time of waterfront development, public only paid little attention to this area, but after a series of urban waterfront revitalization success story, people are starting to reclaim their waterfront. Two main values of economy and environment are always competing over waterfront’s future land-use pattern. Citizen participation in an urban waterfront development is believed to hold a significant importance since the urban development is addressed for citizens’ prosperity. However, strong public participation does not necessarily guarantee for a success waterfront development. This paper attempts to figure out what is the best scenario to make public involvement in the planning process to contribute to a successful and sustainable waterfront development. Four waterfront city development stories that represent different planning cultures were examined here to understand to what extent the participatory process contributed to the environment, economy, and social values. The findings from the case studies were reconstructed to develop a planning model aimed to best accommodate public interest without compromising other values. Citizens were invited for discussions at the initial phase. Next, an evaluation method was proposed to come up with a guideline that would guide the planning process at the latter phase.
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Artz, Lee. "Political Power and Political Economy of Media: Nicaragua and Bolivia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 15, no. 1-2 (2016): 166–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341382.
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The apparent democratic shift unfolding in Latin America, from Venezuela and Bolivia to Ecuador and Nicaragua has been quite uneven. Public access to media provides one measurement of the extent to which social movements have been able to alter the relations of power. In nations where working classes, indigenous peoples, women, youth, and diverse ethnic groups have mobilized and organized constituent assemblies and other social and political organizations, political economies of radical democratic media have been introduced, communicating other progressive national policies for a new cultural hegemony of solidarity. Moments of rupture caused by social movements have introduced new social and political norms challenging capitalist cultural hegemony across the continent, with deep connections between media communication and social power revealed in every case. Public access to media production and distribution is a key indicator of democratic citizen participation and social transformation. Those societies that have advanced the farthest towards 21st century socialism and participatory democracy have also established the most extensive democratic and participatory media systems. These media reach far beyond community and alternative media forms to become central to an emerging hegemonic discourse advocating social transformation and working class power. Community media in Nicaragua, Bolivia, and Ecuador demonstrate how radical political power can encourage mass working class participation, including acquiring and using mass communication for social change and social justice.
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Follmann, Alexander, Stephen Leitheiser, and Holger Kretschmer. "Smart und/oder partizipativ? Eine kritische Betrachtung der SmartCity Cologne." sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung 9, no. 1/2 (2021): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36900/suburban.v9i1/2.612.
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Smart-City-Konzepte versprechen einfache Lösungen für eine Vielzahl komplexer sozioökologischer Probleme und Herausforderungen. Die vielfältigen Visionen von Smart Cities basieren auf der Vorstellung, digitale Technologien seien der Hauptantrieb für positive soziale und ökologische Veränderungen. Der Kern dieses Ansatzes ist, dass Effizienzsteigerungen aufgrund von Digitalisierung neue Möglichkeiten für Städte schaffen, wirtschaftliches Wachstum, Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz miteinander zu vereinen. Zudem verspricht die Digitalisierung der Stadt auch eine zunehmende Demokratisierung durch neue, digitale Partizipationsmöglichkeiten sowie onlineunterstütze Bottom-up-Prozesse. Vorliegende empirische Studien zur Smart City kritisieren jedoch die dominierende Top-down-Implementierung, die prägende Rolle privatwirtschaftlicher Akteur_innen sowie den technokratischen Charakter vieler Projekte, obwohl diese ganz explizit als bürger_innenorientiert formuliert sind und umfangreiche Partizipationsmöglichkeiten versprechen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund die Rolle der Bürger_innenbeteiligung in Smart-City-Konzepten anhand des Entstehungs- und Implementierungsprozesses der SmartCity Cologne (SCC). Auf der Grundlage semi-strukturierter Expert_inneninterviews sowie einer umfassenden Dokumentenanalyse legt der Beitrag dar, wie die Smartifizierung der Stadtentwicklung in Köln konzeptionell verankert ist, wie sie lokal ausgehandelt und implementiert wird und welche Rolle dabei die Bürger_innenbeteiligung spielt. Der Schwerpunkt der empirischen Untersuchung liegt auf der Diskrepanz zwischen der nach außen kommunizierten bedeutsamen Rolle der Bürger_innen bei der SCC und der tatsächlich erfolgten Bürger_innenbeteiligung bei der Konzeption der SCC sowie bei der Umsetzung einzelner Teilprojekte. Theoretisch-konzeptionell basiert der Beitrag auf Sherry Arnsteins Arbeit zu Partizipationsprozessen sowie aktuellen Erweiterungen ihres Ansatzes im Kontext von Smart City und verbindet diese mit der Debatte um die post-politische Stadt. Smart City concepts promise simple solutions to a variety of complex socio-ecological problems and challenges. The various visions of Smart Cities are based on the idea that digital technologies would be the main driver for positive social and ecological changes. At its core, the smart approach is rooted in the idea that the gains in efficiency brought about through urban digitalization create new opportunities for combining economic growth, sustainability and climate protection. In addition, the digitalization of the city promises increased democratization through new, online participation opportunities and bottom-up processes. However, available empirical studies on the Smart City criticize the dominant top-down implementation, the determining role of private sector actors, and the technocratic character of smart projects – even those which explicitly promise participation and are described as citizen-oriented. In this context, the article examines the role of citizen participation within Smart City concepts with the illustrative example of the formation and implementation of SmartCity Cologne (SCC). Based on semi-structured interviews with experts and extensive document analysis, the article explains how the smartification of urban development is conceptually anchored in Cologne, how it is negotiated and implemented locally, and what role citizen participation plays in the process. The empirical investigation focuses on the discrepancy between the important role of the citizens in SCC that is communicated to the outside world, and the actual participation of citizens in the design of SCC and the implementation of individual projects. Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on Sherry Arnstein’s seminal work on participation processes and more recent iterations of her approach against the background of the Smart City, and connects it with debates on the post-political city.
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Constantinescu, Mihaela, Andreea Orîndaru, Ștefan-Claudiu Căescu, and Andreea Pachițanu. "Sustainable Development of Urban Green Areas for Quality of Life Improvement—Argument for Increased Citizen Participation." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 4868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184868.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the imperative need for sustainable urban development, this article argues for increased citizen participation in the decision-making process, as it generates better outcomes (due to a wider range of perspectives) and also makes people better citizens, as they will be partially responsible for the results. One major dimension of urban areas’ which needs a sustainable development is represented by parks, which can be directly associated to citizens’ quality of life (QoL). Thus, we have conducted direct research (face-to-face interviews) of park visitors in order to analyze the perceived impact of green areas on their quality of life. From all the QoL dimensions, we have selected six which are directly linked to park visits—health (mental and physical), social interaction, education and culture, family life, freedom, and connection with nature—in order to determine the perceived degree of association between them, as well as the specific activities done in the park that impact those six dimensions. The research results were used to develop a conceptual model which links quality of life to park visits, a model that can and should be used by public authorities in order to build a collaborative process for urban sustainable development.