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Journal articles on the topic 'Social psychiatry Nigeria'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ogunlesi, A. O. "Psychogeriatrics in Nigeria." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 10 (1989): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.10.548.

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This century has been characterised by a substantial increase in the number of elderly residents in the community in the technologically advanced countries. One obvious consequence of this has been a pressure on existing mental and socio physical facilities that cater for the elderly. The medico-social factors responsible for this rise in the proportion of the elderly in advanced countries are subtly creeping into many developing countries like Nigeria (Lambo, 1966). It is with this perspective in view, coupled with the dearth of literature on psychogeriatrics in developing countries, that I decided to review the socio-demographic and clinical aspects of elderly (60 years and above) admissions to the Nigerian National Neuropsychiatric Hospital and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health over a five year period (1 January 1982 to 31 December 1986). An attempt will also be made to draw comparisons with my experience of psychogeriatrics in the United Kingdom (I trained in psychiatry at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital in the early 1980s).
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2

Atilola, O. "Punitive incarceration or corrective seclusion: a critical review of the state of nigerian juvenile justice system." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72470-1.

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IntroductionNigeria has a predominantly youthful population living in an adverse social environment created by a combination of factors, which creates a situation for a large number of children to be exposed to life of want, danger, abuse and social isolation. Such children are known to have a higher risk of coming into contact with the juvenile justice system (JJS). An ideal JJS should provide statutory guardianship for children in need of care, protection or reformation. There are reports that Nigerian JJS may have some shortcomings.ObjectivesTo review internationally accepted standards of care for children within the JJS and compare this with the current practices in Nigeria with a view to make recommendations for improvement.AimsTo examine the level of compliance of the Nigerian JJS with international standards.MethodsInformation and data on the history, structure, facilities, current practices and enabling laws of the Nigerian JJS were obtained by review of literatures, perusal of available records, on-site visits and direct interview of officials of the Nigerian JJS.ResultsThe Nigerian JJS was modelled after the British system, with few modifications to accommodate local customs. The current state may have deviated beyond customary differences to include systematic ones. For instance, incarcerating forms of custodian care is the norm in Nigeria as non-incarcerating methods are not well developed. These facilities are also in deplorable states. Furthermore, the current enabling laws are obsolete.ConclusionsNigerian JJS currently have major shortcomings that may preclude serving its intended purpose. Recommendations were made.
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Iheanacho, Theddeus, Elina Stefanovics, Victor Makanjuola, Carla Marienfeld, and Robert Rosenheck. "Medical and nursing students' attitudes to people with mental illness in Nigeria: a tale of two teaching hospitals." International Psychiatry 11, no. 2 (2014): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004380.

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This study compared beliefs about and attitudes to mental illness among medical and nursing students at two teaching hospitals in Nigeria with very different levels of psychiatric instructional capacity. Factor analysis of responses to a 43-item self-report questionnaire identified three domains: social acceptance of people with mental illness; belief in non-superstitious causation of mental illness; and stress, trauma and poverty as external causes of mental illness, with entitlement to employment rights. Students at the hospital with a larger, functioning psychiatry department had significantly higher scores on all three factors. Culturally enshrined beliefs and attitudes about mental illness are not uncommon among medical trainees. The availability of psychiatric education and services may have a positive effect on beliefs and attitudes.
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4

Searight, H. Russell. "Culture, Colonization, and the Development of Psychiatry in Nigeria." Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 39, no. 1 (2014): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-014-9422-7.

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Makanjuola, Roger O. A., and Sunday A. Adedapo. "The DSM-III Concepts of Schizophrenic Disorder and Schizophreniform Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 5 (1987): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.5.611.

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Consecutive new patients presenting at a Nigerian psychiatric unit over a 14-month period and fulfilling the DSM-III criteria for schizophreniform disorder, (active) schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia were studied. There were no differences between the three groups with respect to background social data. The schizophreniform patients had a lower incidence of previous psychotic episodes. There were no differences between the first two groups with respect to the distribution of PSE symptoms and signs, Schneider's First Rank Symptoms, or severity of psychopathology. Initial clinical outcome, and longer-term clinical and social outcome, assessed 25–38 months after index presentation, was best in the schizophreniform patients and worst in the patients with residual schizophrenia. The findings are consistent with schizophreniform disorder lying on a spectrum of schizophrenic disorders. They also highlight inadequacies in mental health services in Nigeria and other developing countries.
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Adewuya, Abiodun O., and Roger O. A. Makanjuola. "Social Distance Towards People with Mental Illness in Southwestern Nigeria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 5 (2008): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670801961115.

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7

Olugbile, Olufemi B., Ayodele O. Coker, and Mathew P. Zachariah. "Cost of treatment as a barrier to access and continuity of healthcare for patients with mental ill-health in Lagos, Nigeria." Healthcare in Low-resource Settings 1, no. 1 (2013): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hls.2013.e8.

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In Nigeria, there are several barriers to access to effective mental healthcare, e.g. cost, distance to the mental health facility, social stigma, cultural beliefs, attitudes and taboos. This study aimed at i) determining the cost of treatment of a random sample of psychiatric patients and to compare the sample with a matched group of patients from the internal medical department clinics; ii) assessing the impact of cost on access to care and maintenance treatment for the study group in the context of their exclusion from the Lagos State free health services and the National Health Insurance Scheme. Medical records of 100 patients currently attending the outpatients’ clinic of the Department of Psychiatry of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (Ikeja, Nigeria) were randomly selected and audited. A similar exercise was also conducted for patients attending the medical outpatients’ clinic in the same hospital. The monthly costs of prescribed medications were computed and compared. The monthly cost of treatment of patients from the Department of Psychiatry compared to patients with physical ailments from the medical outpatients’ clinic was found to be significant vis à vis the average income of average Nigerians. Contrary to expectations, the mean cost of drug treatment borne by medical outpatients was much higher (N=2549.07 vs N=1904.5) (P<0.05) than that of patients attending the psychiatric outpatients’ clinic. However, the expensive cost for the psychiatric patients far exceeded the expensive costs for the medical patients. The findings from this study showed that the average monthly cost of treatment of patients attending the psychiatric clinic was lower than patients from the medical outpatients’ clinic. However, the most expensive cost for psychiatric patients far exceeded the most expensive cost for medical patients. This study also revealed that there is no free health program covering psychiatric treatment anywhere in Nigeria and mental health drugs are funded from personal and family expenses. It is thereby suggested that policy makers should change policy regarding the coverage of Nigerians with mental illness. In doing so, the major barrier to assess and the treatment gap can be reduced.
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Odii, Chijioke, Kelechi Johnmary Ani, and Victor Ojakorotu. "Journalism in COVID-19 Web: Assessing the Gains, Pains, and Perils of Nigerian Journalists in Coronavirus Containment." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 3 (2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.02.8.

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The study evaluated the effect of COVID-19 and the containment measures on Nigerian journalists and journalism practice in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, with a questionnaire and personal interviews as instruments for data collection. A total of 362 copies of the questionnaire were correctly completed and returned by the respondents, and 25 editors and management staff of selected media organizations in Nigeria were interviewed for the study. The study's findings indicated that Nigerian journalists were actively involved in COVID-19 containment efforts in the country and that COVID-19 containment measures negatively affected journalists' performance and journalism practice in Nigeria. It is recommended, among others, that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be provided for a journalist covering the pandemic, and journalists' fundamental human rights should be respected in COVID-19 containment efforts.
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Bakare, A., L. Yakubu, M. Yunusa, et al. "PSYCHIATRY POSTING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS: ATTITUDE TO MENTAL ILLNESS." European Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.668.

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Background: Attitude towards mental illness influence the nursing students’ choice to take up training and placement in psychiatry as a specialty. The aim of the study was to examine nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness in terms of aetiology, social relations with patients and self-disclosure regarding mental illness.
 Methods: This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study conducted among all the sixty nursing students attending a 6-week psychiatry posting at Federal Neuropsychiatry Hospital Kware, Sokoto State and Psychiatry unit of General Hospital Katsina, Northwest Nigeria in July 2018. Attitudes toward Mental Illness (ATMI), a self-administered questionnaire was given to the participants before and after six-week posting in psychiatry. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. 
 Results: After 6 weeks posting in psychiatry there was improvement in the participants’ positive attitude towards social relation in person with mental illness, willingness to self-disclosure regarding mental illness and etiology of mental illness compare to before the commencement of psychiatry posting. Majority (81%) reported that movies have negative influence on their attitude toward mental illness.
 Conclusion: The 6-week psychiatry posting has positive effects on nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness. Movies contribute negatively towards majority of the participants’ attitude to mental illness. Use of psychodrama is being suggested to educate people on the etiology and treatment of mental illness. This study provides evidence-based recommendation for mandatory psychiatry posting among other health workers under training and use of psychodrama to educate the public on mental illness.
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Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Nusrat Husain, Tarela J. Ike, et al. "Maternal mental health and child well-being in Nigeria: A systematic review." Health Psychology Open 8, no. 1 (2021): 205510292110121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551029211012199.

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Maternal mental health distress has a disease burden of severe adverse effects for both mother and child. This review identified maternal mental health concerns, their impact on child growth and the current practice of maternal healthcare for both mothers and their children in Nigeria. The Population, phenomenon of Interest and Context (PICo) model was adopted to formulate the review strategy, and five databases were searched for published articles between 1999 and 2019. Databases include Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Web of Science. Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOT) helped to ensure rigorous use of search terms which include ‘maternal’, ‘pre/peri/postnatal’, ‘mental health’, ‘mental illness’, ‘disorders’, ‘intervention,’ ‘Nigeria’, ‘child’, ‘infant growth’, and ‘wellbeing’. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data were qualitatively synthesised and analysed thematically. Five themes emerged. These include (i) marital difficulties, (ii) relationship status of the mother, (iii) child’s gender, (iv) mode of child delivery and (v) child growth and development. The review showed a significant paucity of literature on the impact of specific maternal mental health problems on child physical growth and cognitive development. We concluded that culturally appropriate and evidence-based psychological interventions for maternal mental health problems would benefit Nigerian indigenous mothers. Therefore, the study recommends randomised controlled trials that are culturally appropriate and cost-effective for distressed mothers with children.
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Gureje, Oye, Victor O. Lasebikan, Olusola Ephraim-Oluwanuga, Benjamin O. Olley, and Lola Kola. "Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 5 (2005): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.5.436.

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BackgroundThe improvement of community tolerance of people with mental illness is important for their integration. Little is known about the knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa.AimsTo determine the knowledge and attitudes of a representative community sample in Nigeria.MethodA multistage, clustered sample of household respondents was studied in three states in the Yoruba-speaking parts of Nigeria (representing 22% of the national population). A total of 2040 individuals participated (response rate 74.2%).ResultsPoor knowledge of causation was common. Negative views of mental illness were widespread, with as many as 96.5% (s.d.=0.5) believing that people with mental illness are dangerous because of their violent behaviour. Most would not tolerate even basic social contacts with a mentally ill person: 82.7% (s.e.=1.3) would be afraid to have a conversation with a mentally ill person and only 16.9% (s.e.=0.9) would consider marrying one. Socio-demographic predictors of both poor knowledge and intolerant attitude were generally very few.ConclusionsThere is widespread stigmatisation of mental illness in the Nigerian community. Negative attitudes to mental illness may be fuelled by notions of causation that suggest that affected people are in some way responsible for their illness, and by fear.
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Ilechukwu, S. T. C., and E. Okyere. "Folie à Deux in Two Sisters: Case Report from Nigeria." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (1987): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200311.

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A case of folie à deux in two sisters from Nigeria is presented. The illness arises in a setting of multiple object losses, and social isolation, which left the two sisters most vulnerable. The more passive sister picks up some of the symptoms of her previously ill sister and they join in destructive activity which brings them to the hospital. Transcultural aspects are emphasized.
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13

McKenzie, Judith, and Chioma Ogochukwu Ohajunwa. "Understanding disability in Nigeria: a commentary on “Country profile: intellectual and developmental disability in Nigeria”." Tizard Learning Disability Review 22, no. 2 (2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-02-2017-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to respond to the country report about understanding disability in Nigeria by highlighting the important points that it raises and suggesting further areas for exploration. Design/methodology/approach The authors identify the main themes of the paper and situate these within an African context, recognizing the diversity of African countries while at the same time arguing that it is imperative for African countries to look to research from each other in addition to that emanating from the Global North. Findings The issues of terminology and lack of demographic detail in the Nigerian context are discussed and suggestions made as to how these might begin to be addressed. Features of the African context which are apparent in Nigeria, such as poverty, a very young population and the effects of forced migration, are amplified with reference to literature from other low-income countries. The significance of family care in this context is highlighted and identified as a focus for future research. Originality/value This paper speaks to the need to build an African body of knowledge around disability that is not ignorant of the literature from the Global North but which incorporates this knowledge in a critical way to understand better the African context.
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Olari, M., G. Le Vacon, and M. Follet. "Ekbom syndrome - cultural aspects from a clinical case." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72178-2.

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IntroductionEkbom syndrome is a delusional parasitosis in which the patient has the delusion of infestation by parasites. This condition might occur in concordance with senile dementia or cerebrovascular disease, but it is also present in mood disorders or schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo present a clinical description of a delusional parasitosis that appeared in a young nigerian women after she immigrated in France.AimsOur case is suggestive for showing that delusional parasitosis might develop in circumstances of social vulnerability such as the immigration and might have different cultural aspects.MethodsWe present the case of a 29 years old nigerian women that developed a delusional parasitosis 3 years after her arrival in France. The diagnosis was based on a carefully detailed clinical history, an MMSE was also applied. In order to exclude secondary causes an extensive laboratory evaluation was performed including: complete blood cell count, liver, renal and thyroid function tests, serum electrolytes and glucose levels, vitamin B12, folate, iron studies, coproanalysis, neuroimaging.ResultsThe patient had all laboratory and neuroimaging tests normal. She presented a delusional parasitosis and she described an infestation with multiple intestinal worms. She was capable of describing them and their movements under the skin and also in all the organs. She described dracunculiasis and three more different species that are commonly present in Nigeria, she never mentioned lice or mites.ConclusionsEkbom syndrome is a delusion of hallucinatory mechanism that might have different cultural presentations and could be favored by social vulnerability such as immigration.
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Ikwuka, Ugo, Niall Galbraith, Ken Manktelow, et al. "Pathways to mental healthcare in south-eastern Nigeria." Transcultural Psychiatry 53, no. 5 (2016): 574–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461516660903.

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Anyika, Vincent Okwudiba, Ijeoma Genevieve Anikelechi, and T. D. Thobejane. "The Impact of Covid-19 on Nigerian Education System." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 3 (2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.02.9.

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At a time when the Nigerian schools are on a temporary closure following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper looked inwards and reflected on the nature of the education system and revealed its myriads of problems. The COVID-19 pandemic indeed had a huge impact on the educational system in Nigeria. It brought about the cessation of all learning activities in Nigeria except for private universities and secondary schools that swiftly switched to virtual learning platforms. It also illuminated the digital divide between the Nigerian student and his counterparts in other climes. COVID-19 pandemic outbreak also offered an opportunity for the nation to realise the poor status of its educational system. Some of the major problems that have confronted the Nigerian education system, as revealed by this paper, include poor funding, inadequate and dilapidating infrastructure, inadequate teaching facilities, poor teachers' welfare, poor research funding, poor quality of teachers, unconducive learning environment, and the like. The study recommends for the exhibition of sufficient political will by the political leadership for the transformation of the education system as well as the sustained commitment of other stakeholders such policymakers and educational administrators for the transformation of the system to give it its rightful place in our national life.
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Chika Chukwuorji, JohnBosco, Emmanuel Abiama Ekpedoho, Chuka Mike Ifeagwazi, Steven Kator Iorfa, and Sampson Kelechi Nwonyi. "Psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire – Hausa version among internally displaced persons in Nigeria." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (2018): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518794218.

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Valid measurement of meaning in life (MIL) is crucial for cross-cultural understanding of the construct. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), a widely used measure of MIL, has yet to be translated into any indigenous African language. The current study presents a preliminary report of a Hausa language translation of the MLQ, the MLQ-Hausa version (MLQ-H), and its reliability and validity in a Nigerian sample. Participants were 809 internally displaced persons (IDPs) (50.7% males) in Kabusa IDP Centre in Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. They completed Hausa versions of the MLQ, the Brief Personal Meaning Profile (PMP-B), and scales of the Symptoms Distress Checklist (SCL-90). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor model of the MLQ comprising presence of meaning (5 items) and search for meaning (5 items). The two factors had adequate reliability. Responses to the MLQ-H did not differ by sociodemographic factors. Concurrent validity of MLQ-H was suggested by significant correlations between MLQ-H and psychopathology symptom scales. Importantly, we found convergent validity through positive correlations of MLQ-H with the PMP-B. Results indicate that the MLQ-H is a psychometrically sound measure of MIL among Hausa IDPs and may be applied in research on meaning in life among other Hausa-speaking populations.
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Ibukun Adeosun, Increase, Abosede Adekeji Adegbohun, Oyetayo Oyewunmi Jeje, and Tomilola Adejoke Adewumi. "Experiences of discrimination by people with schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Public Mental Health 13, no. 4 (2014): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-06-2013-0038.

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Purpose – The label of schizophrenia attracts a high level of stigma; consequently, people with schizophrenia are victims of unfair treatment and have limited access to decent livelihood and basic opportunities. However, most studies on stigma have overlooked the experiences of patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this paper is to assess the experience of discrimination by patients with schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive cross-sectional study. Out-patients with schizophrenia (n=150) were interviewed with the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC 12) at the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Findings – The majority of the respondents (86.7 per cent) had been avoided by people who knew they had schizophrenia. Unfair treatment was experienced by 71.3 per cent from family members, 62.7 per cent from friends, 32 per cent in social life and 28.7 per cent in intimate relationships, and 38.7 per cent in personal safety. The most commonly reported unfair treatment was inappropriate physical restraint (e.g. chains and ropes) applied by family members and beating. About eight out of ten (79.3 per cent) respondents concealed their illness. Originality/value – The findings indicate that people with schizophrenia in Nigeria experience high levels of discrimination, some of which contravenes their basic human rights. The unfair treatment experienced within the family context excludes people with schizophrenia from engaging in basic social relationships, education and the pursuit of life opportunities. Legislations should be reviewed to protect patients from unfair treatment and violation of their human rights. There is also need to equip them with strategies to cope with stigma.
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Odejide, O. "Drinking behaviour and social change among youths in Nigeria — A study of two cities." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 20, no. 3 (1987): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(87)90032-9.

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Sango, Precious Nonye. "Country profile: intellectual and developmental disability in Nigeria." Tizard Learning Disability Review 22, no. 2 (2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-07-2016-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a contextual and general overview of intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a chronological approach, providing an assessment of the understanding and treatment of people with IDD from the pre-colonial era to the present. Findings Nigeria has experienced a different historical path in terms of treatment and service provision for people with IDD compared to industrialised and developing countries such as the UK and Brazil. Originality/value Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with an emerging economy and thus important to review the treatment and social inclusion of people with IDD in the country’s development.
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Odeigah, Ogochukwu, Benjamin Olley, and Robert Patton. "Nigeria: A Country in Need of an Alcohol Strategy." Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 79, no. 2 (2018): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.318.

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Meshach O, Enaohwo, Kathryn Mary King, and John Anthony Fulton. "Poor adherence to antipsychotics amongst schizophrenia patients in Nigeria." International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 7, no. 3 (2013): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2013.783091.

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Sweetland, Annika Claire, Andrea Norcini Pala, Jennifer Mootz, et al. "Food insecurity, mental distress and suicidal ideation in rural Africa: Evidence from Nigeria, Uganda and Ghana." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764018814274.

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Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, mental and substance-related disorders account for 19% of all years lived with disability, yet the intersection between poverty and mental distress is poorly understood since most psychiatric research is conducted in high-income countries. Aims: To examine the prevalence of and associations between food insecurity, mental distress and suicidal ideation in three rural village clusters in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: Cross-sectional multivariate analysis of sociodemographic variables associated with mental distress and suicidal ideation in three countries. The sample included 1,142 individuals from three rural village clusters in Nigeria ( n = 380), Uganda ( n = 380) and Ghana ( n = 382). Food insecurity was measured based on the number of months in the previous year that the respondent’s family reported being ‘unable to eat two square meals per day’. Mental distress was assessed using the Kessler non-specific psychological distress scale (K6) and suicidal ideation was measured using an item from PRIME-MD. Other sociodemographic variables included gender, age, literacy and occupation. Results: The prevalence of individuals with moderate or severe mental distress in Nigeria, Uganda and Ghana were higher than previously reported in the literature: 35.5%, 30.8% and 30.4%, respectively, and suicidal ideation rates were 29.7%, 21.3% and 10.9%. No differences were observed in mental distress between men and women in any of the sites. Being a farmer (vs student or other) was protective for mental distress in two sites (Uganda and Ghana) but no other social indicators, such as age, gender, literacy and food insecurity, were significantly associated with mental distress. Risk for suicidal ideation differed across sites: it was associated with food insecurity in Nigeria, female gender in Uganda, and older age in Uganda. Conclusions: Mental distress and suicidal ideation were highly prevalent in three settings of extreme poverty across all groups, in ways that were not always consistent with the global literature. These findings suggest that more research is needed in to better understand the social etiology of mental distress in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Adewuya, Abiodun O., and Roger O. A. Makanjuola. "Lay beliefs regarding causes of mental illness in Nigeria: pattern and correlates." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 4 (2008): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0305-x.

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Yusuf, Abdulkareem Jika, Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu, and Akinsola Akinbiyi. "Caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Katsina, Nigeria." South African Journal of Psychiatry 15, no. 2 (2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v15i2.187.

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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Caring for patients’ with schizophrenia leads to an enormous burden on the caregivers. However, the magnitude of this problem remains largely unknown in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of care giving among relatives of patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Materials and method</strong>: A total of 129 primary care-givers of patients with schizophrenia attending out-patient clinic of Katsina state Psychiatric Hospital were interviewed using a socio-demographic data collection sheet and Zarith Burden Interview (ZBI). Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 13. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the respondents was 45.07±8.91. Majority of the caregivers are females. High level of burden was found in 47.3% of the respondents. The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with place of residence and family size. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Schizophrenia is associated with high level of caregiver burden and effort should be made at alleviating this burden for better out come in both the patients and caregivers.</p>
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Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Di Bailey, Tholene Sodi, et al. "Nigerian cultural beliefs about mental health conditions and traditional healing: a qualitative study." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 4 (2021): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-08-2020-0057.

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Purpose This study aims to explore how cultural beliefs and traditions are integral to understanding indigenous mental health conditions (MHCs) and traditional healing (TH). However, Nigerian cultural beliefs about MHCs and TH are under-researched. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative design using critical realist and social constructionist perspectives to explore Nigerian mental health-care practitioners (MHCPs) and lay participants’ (LPs) views regarding MHCs and TH. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 53 participants (MHCPs = 26; LPs = 27; male = 32; female = 21) in four Nigerian cities (Ado-Ekiti, Enugu, Jos and Zaria). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analyses. Findings The data sets revealed three overarching themes, namely, existing cultural beliefs about MHCs as spiritual curse; description of TH as the first treatment modality for MHCs; and perceived stigma associated with MHCs and help-seeking behaviours. Originality/value A study on Nigerian cultural beliefs and TH contributes meaningfully to mental health systems. Future research and policy initiatives could explore ways of optimising TH practices and community awareness programmes to increase access to mental health care in Nigeria.
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Omigbodun, Olayinka O., Akin-Tunde A. Odukogbe, Akinyinka O. Omigbodun, O. Bidemi Yusuf, Tolulope T. Bella, and Oladopo Olayemi. "Stressors and psychological symptoms in students of medicine and allied health professions in Nigeria." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 41, no. 5 (2006): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0037-3.

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Ebimgbo, Samuel O., Chiemezie S. Atama, Chinyere E. Onalu, Inyomoma A. Obasi-Igwe, and Gabriel U. Aghaedo. "Predictors of Loneliness among Older Adults in South-Eastern Nigeria : Implications for Social Workers." European Journal of Mental Health 16, no. 1 (2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5708/ejmh.16.2021.1.1.

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Old-age loneliness is a crucial public health issue with mortality consequences as well as other negative health conditions and lifestyles including depression, substance abuse, sedentary lifestyles, and suicide ideation. This study investigated the predictors of loneliness among older adults in Nigeria’s southeast in order to articulate some interventions that will plummet the issue. A structured questionnaire (N = 516), in-depth interviews (N = 8), and focus group discussion (N = 16) were used to collect data from respondents aged 60 years or older. The quantitative data sets were subjected to chi-square and binary regression analysis, while a thematic analysis was adopted for the qualitative data. The study’s findings show that some demographic factors such as the number of children (p < .002), health status (p < .023), and social support (p < .014), among others, were statistically significant in predicting loneliness among older adults. The study, therefore, recommends the consideration of community-based services to enable elderly adults to buffer the experience of loneliness. Social workers should also influence the various organs responsible for social policies to formulate and promote policies that address the well-being of older adults.
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Adewuya, Abiodun O., Mohammed O. Afolabi, Bola A. Ola, et al. "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after stigma related events in HIV infected individuals in Nigeria." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 44, no. 9 (2009): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0493-7.

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Adeponle, Ademola B. "Book Review: Alexander Boroffka, Psychiatry in Nigeria: A Partly Annotated Bibliography. Kiel: Brunswiker Universitatsbunchhandung-Medizin, 2006. 560 pp. Paper: 19,95€, ISBN 3000191674." Transcultural Psychiatry 47, no. 2 (2010): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461510369059.

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Makanjuola, Olumide, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, and Olakunle A. Oginni. "On being gay in Nigeria: Discrimination, mental health distress, and coping." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 22, no. 4 (2018): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2018.1482809.

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Adeponle, A. B., A. S. Baduku, M. L. Adelekan, G. T. Suleiman, and S. O. Adeyemi. "Prospective Study of Psychiatric Follow-up Default and Medication Compliance after Discharge at a Psychiatric Hospital in Nigeria." Community Mental Health Journal 45, no. 1 (2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-008-9155-6.

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Adewuya, Abiodun O., Olugbenga A. Owoeye, and Adebayo R. Erinfolami. "Psychopathology and subjective burden amongst primary caregivers of people with mental illness in South-Western Nigeria." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46, no. 12 (2010): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0293-0.

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Oshodi, Yewande O., Jibril Abdulmalik, Bolanle Ola, et al. "Pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination among people with depression in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0737-4.

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Odeigah, Ogochukwu W., Emeka W. Dumbili, Robert Patton, and Benjamin O. Olley. "Alcohol Labeling Regulations and Industry Compliance in Nigeria: Evidence to Guide Policy Implementation." Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 82, no. 1 (2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2021.82.60.

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Ogunsemi, Olawale O., Francis A. Oluwole, Festus Abasiubong, et al. "Detection of mental disorders with the Patient Health Questionnaire in primary care settings in Nigeria." Mental Illness 2, no. 1 (2010): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2010.e10.

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Mental disorders lead to difficulties in social, occupational and marital relations. Failure to detect mental disorder denies patients potentially effective treatment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and nature of mental disorders at the primary care settings and the recognition of these disorders by the attending physicians. Over a period of eight weeks, consecutive and consenting patients who attended three randomly selected primary health care facilities in Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun state were recruited and administered a questionnaire that included a socio-demographic section and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). A total of 412 subjects took part in the study. Subject age ranged from 18-90 years with a mean age of 52.50±21.08 years. One hundred and seventy-six (42.7%) of the subjects were males. A total of 120 (29.1%) of the subjects had depressive disorder, 100 (24.3%) had anxiety disorder, 196 (47.6%) somatoform disorder and 104 (25.2%) met the criteria for an alcohol related problem. The PHC physicians were only able to diagnose disorders relating to mental health in 52 (12.6%) of the subjects. Health and work situations accounted for more than three-quarters of the causes of stress experienced by the subjects. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of mental disorders among patients seen in primary care settings and that a significant proportion of them are not recognized by the primary care physicians. Stress relating to health, work and financial problems is common among primary health care attendees. Physicians in primary health care should be alert to the possibility and the impact of undetected psychiatric morbidity.
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Omigbodun, Olayinka, Tolulope Bella-Awusah, Danielle Groleau, et al. "Perceptions of the psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among the Izzi in Southeast Nigeria." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 1 (2019): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519893141.

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Evidence about psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) remains weak and inconclusive. This article is the first of a series that deploys qualitative methods to ascertain the psychological experiences associated with FGM/C through the lifecycle of women. Using the free listing method, 103 girls and women, aged 12 to 68 years from rural and urban Izzi communities in Southeastern Nigeria, produced narratives to articulate their perceptions of FGM/C. Sixty-one of them had undergone FGM/C while 42 had not. Data was analysed using thematic analysis and the emerging themes were related to experiences and disabilities in the psychological, physical, and social health domains. While physical experiences were mostly negative, psychological experiences emerged as both positive and negative. Positive experiences such as happiness, hopefulness, and improved self-esteem were commonly described in response to a rise in social status following FGM/C and relief from the stigma of not having undergone FGM/C. Less commonly reported were negative psychological experiences, e.g., shame when not cut, anxiety in anticipation of the procedure, and regret, sadness, and anger when complications arose from FGM/C. Some participants listed disruption of daily activities, chronic pain, and sleep and sexual difficulties occurring in the aftermath of FGM/C. Most participants did not list FGM/C as having a significant effect on their daily living activities. In light of the association of FGM/C with both positive and negative psychological experiences in the Izzi community, more in-depth study is required to enable policy makers and those campaigning for its complete eradication to rethink strategies and improve interventions.
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Yusuf, Abdulkareem J., Olusegun Baiyewu, Taiwo L. Sheikh, and Adamu U. Shehu. "Prevalence of dementia and dementia subtypes among community-dwelling elderly people in northern Nigeria." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (2010): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001158.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dementia has important public health implications. The magnitude of the problem remains largely unknown in the developing countries.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two community dwelling elderly persons and their caregivers in Zaria, Northern-Nigeria were enrolled in this study. They were interviewed using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D), Consortium to Establish Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), Stick Design Test (SDT), Blessed Dementia Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15 for Windows. Diagnosis was based on fulfilling criteria for dementia in both the International Classification of Disease, 10th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 75.5 ± 9.4 years. The prevalence of dementia was 2.79% (CI 1–4.58%). Alzheimer's disease constituted 66.67% of all the cases of dementia in this community. Age was the only demographic factor associated with dementia.Conclusion: The prevalence rates of dementia and dementia subtypes in the developing countries are similar using standard diagnostic criteria and methods.
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Owczarek, Marcin, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Thanos Karatzias, Philip Hyland, Frédérique Vallieres, and Mark Shevlin. "Testing the Factor Structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in African Community Samples from Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria." Journal of Loss and Trauma 25, no. 4 (2019): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2019.1689718.

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ARAOYE, MARGARET O., and ALFRED ADEGOKE. "AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among selected adolescents in Nigeria." Journal of Adolescence 19, no. 2 (1996): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0017.

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Dumbili, Emeka W. "Cannabis Normalization Among Young Adults in a Nigerian City." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 3 (2020): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620912805.

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Drug normalization has been researched extensively in the West. Yet, we know little about how drug use is normalized in non-Western contexts. Drawing on interviews with young adults, this study is the first to explore illicit drug normalization in Nigeria. Cannabis was widely available and easy to access and students were part of the supply chain. Citing therapeutic and functional benefits, participants normalized cannabis consumption, using it to prepare soup, noodles, and birthday cakes. Unlike women, who may give up cannabis use due to stigmatization and marriage, men had no plans to stop its use. Gender determined drug-taking practices and social accommodation of drug users, suggesting differentiated normalization. Men who used cannabis were accommodated by their peers, unlike women, who were stigmatized by female non-users. In general, the findings highlight a shift in illicit drug use practices and noticeable gendered and differentiated social accommodation among peers, although cultural acceptance of illegal recreational drugs remains at the margin.
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Iheanacho, Theddeus, Michael Obiefune, Chinenye O. Ezeanolue, et al. "Integrating mental health screening into routine community maternal and child health activity: experience from Prevention of Mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) trial in Nigeria." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 50, no. 3 (2014): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0952-7.

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Aderinto, Adeyinka A. "Social correlates and coping measures of street-children: a comparative study of street and non-street children in South-Western Nigeria." Child Abuse & Neglect 24, no. 9 (2000): 1199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00172-1.

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Mamman, Linda S., William R. Brieger, and Frederick O. Oshiname. "ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PATTERN AMONG WOMEN IN A RURAL YORUBA COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA." Substance Use & Misuse 37, no. 5-7 (2002): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120004274.

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Ashe, Muesiri O., and Vivian Besem Ojong. "Christian Missions and Covid-19 in Africa and Latin America: A Case Study of Brazil, Nigeria, and South Africa." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 3 (2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.02.10.

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Congregational worship among the religious organizations in Africa and Latin America, particularly the rapidly expanding Christian missions, has been of significant consideration in the light of medical recommendations involving social distancing and avoidance of large social gatherings concerning the coronavirus pandemic. This is among recent observations and has attracted more focus following an acute controversy over the role of the Church in Brazil vis-à-vis government policies on the Covid-19 pandemic and the fact that a number of churches in Nigeria were allegedly initially reluctant to respond to the government lockdown declaration and the resultant ban on congregational worship. Simultaneously, the agenda of financial and material assistance to the poor by the large Christian denominations in South Africa as one means of sustaining the lockdown rather attracted criticism, as they were unable to sustain the project. Furthermore, the role of religious bodies came to the fore as global surveys demonstrated that, on average, the masses in these two continents are among the most religiously observant people in the world. As we shall see in the concluding section, this is the major consideration of Idayat Hassan, Director of the Abuja-based Centre for Democracy and Development, in his assessment of the African context.
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Obot, Isidore S. "Responding to Substance Use Problems in Nigeria: The Role of Civil Society Organizations." Substance Use & Misuse 39, no. 8 (2004): 1287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120038687.

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Lasebikan, Victor Olufolahan, and Joachim Azegbeobor. "Medical Co-morbidities Among Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses in a Community Health Facility in Nigeria." Community Mental Health Journal 53, no. 6 (2016): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0063-x.

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Adeleke, Owoade Philip, James Abua Ewa, James Eburikuri Olayi, and Samuel Orim Orim. "Impact of Intellectual Disability on the Family Economy in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 8, no. 2 (2020): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.02.22.

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Utoblo, Bello, Alan White, Steve Robertson, and Laura Serrant. "Gender Flexibility as a Social factor in Men's Recovery from Schizophrenia in Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 2, no. 1 (2019): e45-e54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v2i1.9.

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BackgroundSchizophrenia is a severe mental health condition that impacts more heavily on men. In Nigeria, studies on men and health have mainly focused on sexual health, in contrast, men’s experience of schizophrenia and the role of gender in influencing beliefs about their recovery has rarely been studied. This study explored men’s perceptions of developing schizophrenia in northern Nigeria and what emerged as facilitating factors in their recovery.
 MethodThis qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 30 male outpatients with a previous diag-nosis of schizophrenia and 10 mental health professionals. All were recruited through Nigerian psychiatric hospital clinics. A thematic approach informed analysis of the data collected.
 ResultsA commitment to flexibility in gender-relations emerged as a key finding. Within household members, the meeting of financial needs was talked about interchangeably. This flexible gender-relations was then associ-ated with household poverty reduction, which was previously seen as influencing the men’s recovery from the mental illness. In particular, providing for family needs became a shared responsibility, with departure from traditional gender expectations imposing fewer family hardships. This was also reported as having a bearing on the men’s willingness to access services, which aided recovery.
 ConclusionThe influence of flexible gender-relations demonstrated in this study has practice implications for under-standing men’s management of recovery from schizophrenia. Community-focused gender transformative programs for the men and those involved in their care in Nigeria could help engage participants in discus-sions relevant to facilitate changes in gender expectations.
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Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong E., and Gboyega E. Abikoye. "Syringe Sharing and the Risk of Viral Transmission Among People Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria: Structural, Relational, and Subjective Influences on Behaviors." Journal of Drug Issues 49, no. 2 (2018): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618811654.

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In this article, we report findings of a qualitative study on structural, relational, and subjective determinants of injecting risks. Forty-one current people who inject drugs (PWIDs) were recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. They were interviewed with a loosely structured interview guide. We employed inductive and thematic analysis of interview transcripts. PWIDs recognize the risk of viral transmission through sharing of syringes. As countermeasures, they inject with sterile syringes, refuse to borrow syringes, and disinfect borrowed syringes. Risk reduction efforts are undermined by withdrawal, pleasure seeking, public injecting settings, policing, social networks, and intimate relationships. These factors create a risk environment for viral transmission. Pleasure-seeking and risk reduction practices show agency and subjectivity, counterbalancing current emphasis on structural determinants of injecting risks. Findings indicate the need for policy reforms, needle and syringe provision, oral drug substitution, safe injecting environments, and peer education. Interventions should build on PWIDs’ agency and risk management practices.
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