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Krahé, Barbara. "Coping with rape : a social psychological perspective." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3397/.
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Content
Social stereotypes and responsibility attributions to victims of rape
Atributing responsibillty to rape victims: a German study
Rape myth acceptance and responsibility judgments: a British study
Police officers' definitions of rape
A study on cognitive prototypes of rape
Conclusion
References
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Sinicki, Justin M. "A Social Psychological Perspective on Student Consumerism." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493396227402883.
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Soylu, Soydan. "Workplace bullying in Turkey : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551347.
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Workplace bullying is an issue of practical importance and theoretical interest. Not only is workplace bullying of increasing concern to employers and employees, it is also the focus of empirical research and analysis. However, there are few studies which examine workplace bullying in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the nature of bullying in Turkish workplaces and to examine the association of bullying with paternalistic leadership and various work-related attitudes. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish employees to explore in depth the nature of workplace bullying, with a thematic analysis indicating that polarisation at work and institutionalised bullying were major problems in Turkish organisations. In the second phase of the study, a questionnaire focusing on the nature of bullying and its potential determinants was completed by employees in both the public and private sectors in Turkey (n=142). Findings from both the interview study and an exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire data were used to adapt the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for use in Turkey. In the final stage, the adapted questionnaire was completed by a sample of public and private sector employees in Turkey (n=708). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the components of bullying and their relation with dimensions of paternalistic leadership. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that loyalty-seeking paternalism is positively related to the experience of bullying, whereas familial paternalism is negatively related to the experience of bullying. In addition, negative associations were observed between organisation-based selfesteem and all the components of bullying, except for experience of non-work related criticism. Finally, intention to leave was found to be positively associated with experience of task pressures and work related criticism. This study contributes to the bullying literature by exploring the nature of workplace bullying in Turkey using complementary methods.
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Karlsson, Louise. "Stress : From a biological, social, and psychological perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16104.
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Over the years stress has been a term lacking one clear and specific definition. In general, the term stress has been used mostly as an explanation of a response or reaction to a stressor. A stressor can be of both physiological and behavioral character. The experience of stress can occur both due to a real or a perceived stressor. In this literature review, the concept of stress is viewed with insights from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. The stress response is described biologically with the central nervous system (CNS), the brain, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Social and psychological stress are concepts related to how stress is perceived by the mind and due to social surroundings which is described in relation to social support, self-efficacy, the locus of control and cognitive appraisal. Dealing with stress can be done through coping which refers to the individual capacity to handle a stressor and has generally been divided into two categories, active/passive coping and problem-focused/emotion-focused coping. Depending on the individual resources to cope with a stressor and the ability to decrease the stress response when needed, the long-term effects of stress can therefore vary between individuals. It has been found that positive coping (known as reducing stress) can increase the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume and decrease anxiety and depression. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus, and the amygdala are closely linked to the ACC and affect emotions, learning, and memory related to the stress response.
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Lupke, Lynette M. "The choice of idols from a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132.
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The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
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Vadher, Atul. "Patient treatment compliance in leprosy : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303622.
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Adams, Caroline Jane. "VAT compliance in small businesses : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251098.
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Karim, Mohammed Shamsul. "Entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behaviour : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/24449/.
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Increasing the supply of entrepreneurs reduces unemployment and accelerates economic growth (Acs, 2006; Audretsch, 2007; Santarelli et el. 2009; Campbell, 1996; Carree & Thurik, 1996). The supply of entrepreneurs depends on the entrepreneurial intention and activity of the people (Kruger & Brazeal, 1994). Existing behavioural theories explain that entrepreneurial activity is an attitude driven process which is mediated by intention and regulated by behavioural control. These theories are: Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991; 2002, 2012); Entrepreneurial Event Model (Shapiro & Shokol, 1982), and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977; 1986; 2012). Meta-analysis of existing behavioural theories in different fields found that the theories are more effective to analyse behavioural intention and habitual behaviour, but less effective to analyse long-term and risky behaviour (McEachan et al., 2011). The objective of this dissertation is to improve entrepreneurship behaviour theory to advance our understanding of the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention and activity. To achieve this objective we asked three compelling questions in our research. These are: Firstly, why do differences exist in entrepreneurship among age groups. Secondly, how can we improve the theory to analyse entrepreneurial intention and behaviour? And, thirdly, is there any relationship between counterfactual or regretful thinking and entrepreneurial intention? We address these three questions in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 of the dissertation. Earlier studies have identified that there is an inverse U shaped relationship between age and entrepreneurship (Parker, 2004; Hart et al., 2004). In our study, we explain the reasons for this inverse U shape (Chapter 2). To analyse the reasons we use Cognitive Life Cycle theory and Disuse theory. We assume that the stage in the life cycle of an individual moderates the influence of opportunity identification and skill to start a business. In our study, we analyse the moderation effect in early stage entrepreneurship and in serial entrepreneurship. In Chapter 3, the limitations of existing psychological theories are discussed, and a competency value theory of entrepreneurship (CVTE) is proposed to overcome the limitations and extend existing theories. We use a ‘weighted competency’ variable instead of a ‘perceived behavioural control’ variable for the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and self-efficacy variable for social cognitive theory. Weighted competency is the perceived competency ranking assigned by an individual for his total competencies to be an entrepreneur. The proposed theory was tested in a pilot survey in the UK and in a national adult population survey in a South Asian Country. The results show a significant relationship between competencies and entrepreneurial intention, and weighted competencies and entrepreneurial behaviour as per CVTE. To improve the theory further, in Chapter 4, we test the relationship between counterfactual thinking and entrepreneurial intention. Studies in cognitive psychology identify that ‘upward counterfactual thinking’ influences intention and behaviour (Epstude & Rose, 2008; Smallman & Roese, 2009). Upward counterfactual thinking is regretful thinking for missed opportunities of a problem. This study addresses the question of how an individual’s regretful thinking affects his or her future entrepreneurial career intention. To do so, we conducted a study among students in a business school in the UK, and we found that counterfactual thinking modifies the influence of attitude and opportunity identification in entrepreneurial career intention.
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Howard, Gregory. "Social psychological perspective on binge drinking in young people." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63529/.
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For undergraduate populations, binge drinking is a common practice and risky drinking behaviours such as these have been associated with negative consequences for individuals and society. This thesis aims to gain a better understanding of young peoples’ decisions to binge drink using a social psychological perspective. Two online (N=229 and N=313) and one lab-based (N=122) longitudinal and experimental studies use quantitative methods to gather data on the binge drinking behaviour of undergraduate students at an English university, using questionnaires based on an expanded Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) alongside experimental social identity interventions. The findings support the use of social cognitive models to the study of risky health behaviours, particularly the application of an expanded TPB to the prediction of undergraduates’ binge drinking showing that it can account for between 65 and 75% of the variance in students’ intentions to binge drink and between 44 and 60% of the variance in students’ self-reported binge drinking behaviour. Social identity variables (e.g. self-identity) played an important role in the expanded model suggesting there is scope for further improvements. Implications for future research, including further additions to the TPB model and suggestions for interventions to reduce risky drinking are presented.
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Xie, Cheng-Qui. "Driver behaviour in two Chinese cities; a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520284.
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Driving violations have been found to be related to road traffic accidents, and are partly determined by drivers' attitudinal and demographic factors in Western cultures. The research reported in this thesis investigates Chinese drivers' aberrant driving behaviours in terms of categorization, determinants and consequences. In Chapter 1, previous research on aberrant driver behaviour is described, focusing on its precursors and consequences. The problem of road traffic accidents and impact of national culture on driver behaviour are also discussed. A questionnaire study is reported in Chapter 2, in which the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Driving Skill Inventory (DSI) are administered to 363 Chinese drivers in Beijing. The distinctions between driving violations and errors and lapses, and between perceptual-motor and safety skills, are confirmed. Driver's safety orientation, and especially the frequency of reported driving violations are found to be important to the causation of road traffic accidents. A review of Chinese culture and its potential relevance to driving is reported in Chapter 3. It is hypothesized that a sense of social hierarchy, the functioning of interpersonal networks, and a lack of emphasis on legitimated laws may obstruct the enforcement of traffic laws. Chapter 4 reports a semi-structured interview study in which 20 drivers from each of two Chinese cities are interviewed. The information gathered confirms the above hypotheses and points out directions for the next study. Chapters 5,6, and 7 describe a further questionnaire study, Study Three. Chapter 5 introduces the methodology adopted, including the development of the Chinese Driving Questionnaire (CDQ) and the extension of the DBQ. The results of this study are reported in Chapter 6. The positive association between driving violations and accident involvement is confirmed. The prediction of self-reported driving violations has been significantly improved by the addition of culture relevant factors measured in the CDQ, while there is no major change in the prediction of lapses and errors. In Chapter 7, the results of the third study are discussed with particular reference to the issue of the traffic environment's relevance to driving behaviours, both socially, psychologically and physically. While all three kinds of aberrant driving behaviours are shown to be influenced by driving conditions, the commission of driving violations are largely determined by some culture-specific factors. The impact the demographic variables had on driving in this study is also related to the current situation in China in terms of social and economic development. Chapter 8 provides a brief overview of all three studies including the main findings, methodological issues, practical implications and directions for future research.
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KNAPP, JOSHUA R. "Developing a Multi-Foci Perspective of Psychological Contract Theory." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1213812609.
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McGehee, Nancy G. "Alternative Tourism: A Social Movement Perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28122.
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This study develops and tests a theoretical model drawing on social psychological and
resource-mobilization perspectives of social movement theory to explain changes in social movement participation and support for activism among Earthwatch Expedition volunteers. The social psychological perspective of social movements recognizes the role of self-efficacy and consciousness-raising for the participation in and success of social movement organizations. The resource mobilization perspective of social movements stresses rationality and the importance of funding and networks for the success of social movement organizations. Utilizing these two theoretical perspectives as my foundation, I hypothesize that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition increases volunteers' participation in social movement organizations in ways such as making monetary donations, voting with the organization's platform in mind, or attending rallies and marches. I also hypothesize that volunteers will increase their support for others who participate in these same types of activities. Earthwatch Expeditions are a form of alternative tourism in which volunteers participate in any of 126 different types of 10-14 day research-oriented expeditions that may include evaluating the health of a coral reef, studying maternal health among west African women, assessing the killer whale population off the coast of Puget Sound, or recording oral history in Dominica.
I conducted pre- and post-trip surveys in June and July of 1998, resulting in 363 completed surveys. I analyzed data using multiple regression to discover relationships between pre-trip and post-trip measures of social movement participation, activism support, networks, self-efficacy, and consciousness-raising. In other words, I explored ways in which an alternative tourism experience like Earthwatch can change a person's ideas about their own social movement participation, the social movement activities of others, their perceived ability to overcome obstacles in order to implement social change, and their awareness of social issues. Results suggest that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition has a positive effect on volunteers' social movement participation, their awareness of social issues, their networks, and their ability to overcome obstacles, but little effect on activism support.Ph. D.
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Rybak, Celina. "Tourette's Syndrome from a social work perspective : an exploratory study." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22710.
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Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a chronic movement disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. This report looks at TS through the eyes of three families and two adults diagnosed with the syndrome. The social and psychological reactions and adjustment to the disorder are examined. Three approaches were used to explore the issues: a literature review; field notes and unstructured biographical interviews. Social and psychological reactions include: depression, withdrawal and suicidal ideation. Unresponsiveness on the part of the health care and social service systems contributed to feelings of anger, powerlessness, guilt and shame. The families' and individuals' ability to lobby for services was an important factor in enhancing adjustment. TS is a multi-faceted disorder; it serves as a paradigm for issues and problems that are best served by a multi-disciplinary approach. Services must be coordinated; a case management approach would facilitate efficient coordination and delivery of services.
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Sosu, Edward M. "Unearthing the complexities in teachers' commitment to environmental education : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21735.
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This study investigates the social psychological factors that determine why some teachers are more committed to teaching environmental education (EE) than others. A mixed methods approach was adopted to explore and test these determinants and to offer an insight into the meanings of these determinants as perceived by teachers. In the quantitative phase, a revised Model of Environmental Education Commitment (MEEC; Shuman & Ham,1997) which is largely based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991; 1988) was explored using structural equation modelling techniques. Data were obtained from a sample of 182 primary school teachers in Scotland. The hypothesised model was tested to identify the significant determinants of commitment, relationship between these determinants and the utility of the MEEC in explaining teachers' commitment to EE. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with 8 primary school teachers based on a framework of Soft Systems Methodology (Checkland & Scholes, 1990) to expand understanding and explore strategies for increasing teachers' commitment to EE. The results confirmed that the MEEC provided a significant explanation for why some teachers are more committed to teaching EE than others. Overall, teacher autonomy and perceived control in terms of the flexibility or inflexibility of the curriculum appeared to be the most significant influence on commitment. However, the findings showed a complex interrelationship between the factors that influence commitment. Teacher autonomy for instance was significantly dependent on the influence of referents and life experiences connected to environmental issues. The study recommended that these interrelationships should be taken into account in any attempt to improve the level of commitment. Findings from the study contribute significantly to understanding teacher commitment to EE by providing theoretical and statistical support for previous qualitative findings on the significant life experiences that influence commitment to environmental issues. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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Donlon, Katharine. "The Role of Social Support Seeking and Social Constraints on Psychological Outcomes After Trauma: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42688.
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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) posits that survivors of a traumatic event have the ability to influence their own outcomes and do so most aptly when they perceive they can exert control over their outcomes. Posttraumatic growth outcomes are associated with a greater perception of controllability, while posttraumatic stress outcomes can be related to the lack of perceived control. In the context of the Virginia Tech shootings, several social factors were examined three months after the trauma (T1) and one year later (T2) to further explore the dynamic interplay between these factors and psychological outcomes. Social support seeking was conceptualized as both a coping strategy (situational) and as a coping style (dispositional) and was hypothesized to predict greater growth outcomes, while social constraints were hypothesized to predict higher levels of posttraumatic stress outcomes. These variables were also examined as moderators of the relationship between perceived threat and psychological outcomes at both time points. As expected, dispositional social support seeking was negatively related to posttraumatic stress at T1, and positively related to posttraumatic growth at T1 and T2. Social constraints were positively related to posttraumatic stress at T1 and negatively related to posttraumatic growth at T1 and T2. Situational social support seeking served as a moderator for the relationship between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress at T1. Lower levels of situational social support seeking lessened the relationship between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress, while high levels of situational social support seeking exacerbated this relationship.Master of Science
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Alvarez-Jimenez, Anabel. "Implications of Filial Responsibility for Latino Adolescents' Psychological and Social Adjustment: A Resilience Perspective." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/51/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 16, 2010) Gabriel P. Kuperminc, committee chair; Frank J. Floyd, Christopher C. Henrich, Leslie C. Jackson, Gregory J. Jurkovic, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-72).
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Ali, Haris. "Investigating power, interdependence and struggle in the employment relationship : a psychological contract perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6999/.
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This thesis explores the implications of power in relation to the psychological contract. The majority of the psychological contract literature, because of its underpinning assumptions of mutuality and reciprocity, largely downplays the dynamics of power in the employment relationship. The key objective of the current study therefore is to make further empirical and theoretical developments in relation to the psychological contract by exploring these power dynamics in the relationship between employees and employer. Concerning power, the complex interdependencies and the associated workplace struggles characterizing the employment relationship between employees and the different representatives of the organization are investigated. From an empirical perspective, the research contributes in a twofold manner as the results not only highlight the complex interdependencies and the workplace struggles in the employment relationship but also offer new knowledge about work and management in Pakistan. This context of employment relations based on underlying power dynamics that are embedded into the complex and interdependent relationships between employees and organizational representatives is globally significant in terms of workplace research, yet generally neglected in the relevant studies. The current study has a qualitative orientation and follows a critical realist research philosophy. Using data collected from 43 interviewees in three call centre organizations, the research additionally makes a theoretical contribution to the psychological contract from the perspectives of mutuality, reciprocity and agency. The results illustrate that, in comparison to mutuality and reciprocity, interdependence and negotiation play a critical role in the psychological contracts of employees. Largely acknowledging the implications of power dynamics, these concepts highlight that employees, based on their perceptions of interdependence (rather than mutuality) in the employment relationships, tend to focus primarily on negotiation (rather than reciprocation) in their psychological contracts with employers. Concerning agency, different classifications of human agents are highlighted (i.e. primary agents, secondary agents, multiple agents, incumbent agents). The current research extends the concept of agency beyond the boundary of human agents into the domain of the electronic agents of the organization. The results highlight that it is not only the perceived capability to reward or punish but also the perceived tendency to actively use that capability which significantly influences employees’ assumptions to consider particular organizational members as the agents of the organization. From the viewpoint of relational interdependence in the employment relationship, the efforts made by employees to decrease their dependence on employers and increase the employer’s dependence on them are illustrated. The research findings demonstrate that these efforts are largely motivated by the employees’ objective of promoting their bargaining power in employment relationship.
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Rastegar, Parviz. "Social axioms as predictors of psychological and subjective well-being in Iran and England." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/20190.
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The concept of social axiom represents generalized beliefs regarding individuals, agencies and other social institutions, and the spiritual world. The relationship between social axioms and social and mental well-being has not been widely investigated. The aim of this research is to consider the role of culture in four distinct areas of study: 1) The role of social axioms and their dimensions in predicting mental well-being (subjective and psychological well-being) as well as the mechanism of the relationship between social axioms and well-being through controlling the variables of Iranian and UK students and the big five personality factors. 2) The mediation role of mindfulness and perspective taking. 3) The scope of influence of one's attachment to national or ethnic identity on well-being. 4) The understanding of the participants of various social beliefs, especially of the concept of divine providence and its impact on one's well-being. As method, the first three goals were addressed by correlational studies while the fourth goal was investigated using grounded theory. The research sample for the first study consisted of 73 Iranian students (37 females and 36 males) residing in Iran and 66 students (45 females and 21 males) living in the UK. The sample for the second study included 72 Iranian students (34 females and 38 males) who reside in Iran, and in the third study the sample was composed of 66 Iranians (35 females and 31 males) who live in the UK. In the qualitative research (fourth study), the participants were 14 Iranians living in the UK for at least 3 years (4 male and 10 female). Instruments used were the Social Axiom Survey (SAS; Leung et al., 2002), Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991; John & Srivastava, 1999), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998), the perspective taking subscale of the Empathy Questionnaire (Davis, 1980), the acceptance subscale of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (Cardaciotto et al., 2008), Paullhus's Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1984), and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R; Phinney & Ong, 2007). In the qualitative research, a structured interview was used. Results show that: 1) In both samples of students who live in the UK and in Iran iv social cynicism and fate control are related with well-being. Also, in the Iranian case reward for application, social complexity, and religiosity have significant relationships with well-being but in the UK based students this is not the case. Results also showed that social axioms can predict well-being over and above the role of country and personality traits. 2) The mediation role of mindful acceptance was not endorsed in the relationship between social cynicism and subjective well-being. It was found that the predictor (social cynicism) and the mediator (mindful acceptance) were not significantly correlated with the outcome (subjective well-being). However, the mediation role of perspective taking in the relationship between social complexity and psychological well-being was endorsed. 3) The moderation role of attachment to national identity in the relationship between social axioms and subjective well-being was endorsed. 4) The qualitative study indicated that Iranian immigrants have an indigenous strategy for attaining mental well-being in the face of complications and difficulties, relying on their national identity and religious background. This strategy is based on the concepts of free will and predestination of life events. Paying attention to negative events and ignoring positive events and inefficient problem-solving strategies can account for the relationship between social cynicism and low well-being and inattention to cultural elements. However, the Iranian collective culture, optimal coping style, and excessive insistence on religious elements as a cultural attribute can explain the relationship between religiosity, reward for application, and well-being in the Iranian sample. On the other hand, surrendering to divine will and the belief in divine will and predestination of life events along with the belief in human free will account for the role of attachment to national identity in the relationship between social axioms and well-being in the Iranian sample. In conclusion, it seems that though social axioms are related to well-being, different aspects of social axioms seem to be related to different aspects of well-being in different ways and this relationship is influenced by cultural attributes.
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Imeson, M. "A phenomenological study of infertility : the couple's perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1995. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1168.
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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and interpret the experience of infertility from the perspective of infertile couples, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of how it affects their lives. Ten to twenty per cent of the global population share the experience of infertility, however, little is known of their experiences and perceptions related to infertility. Literature to date mainly focuses on the physiological effects of infertility and does not take into account the context in which the experience takes place, or the meanings that people assign to this experience. To be effective, health carers need to understand the perspective of those experiencing the phenomena in order to provide appropriate information and care. A phenomenological approach was adopted for the study. A purposive sample of six couples was selected for interview. Data were generated from taped interviews and the researcher's observational field notes. Data analysis was in accordance with the procedure outlined by Colaizzi (1978), which is to describe, interpret, and extrapolate common themes and meanings from the data. Interview responses were categorised by examining the participants' transcripts, and identifying significant statements and meanings. Themes which emerged from the statements were then identified, and cross-case comparisons were made to confirm or modify these themes.
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Richards, Amelia Celeste. "Generation X people's development of cyberspace culture a psychological perspective /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11092006-145204.
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Johnson, Lars. "Affective disorders in a stress-vulnerability perspective : a clinical, biological and psycho-social study /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-396-1/.
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Francis, Cesar A. "The recruitment process of the shining path and MRTA guerrilla groups: a political psychological perspective." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3332.
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This thesis is an analysis of the recruitment process of the Shining Path -SP- and Revolutionary Movement “Tupac Amaru” -MRTA- guerrilla groups. Although SP was considered more aggressive, it gained more followers than MRTA. This thesis tries to explain why. Social Revolution Theory and Social Movement Theory provide explanations based on issues of “poverty”, disregarding the specific characteristics of the guerrilla groups and their supporters, as well as the influence of specific persuasive processes between the leaders of the groups and their followers. Integrative complexity theory, on the contrary, provides a consistent method to analyze cognitive processes: because people tend to reject complex and sophisticated explanations that require mental efforts, simplicity was the key for success. To prove which guerrilla group provided a simpler worldview, a sample of official documents of SP and MRTA are compared. Finally, content analysis is applied through the Paragraph Completion Test (P.C.T.).
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Haradini, Viktoria, and Essi Tapper. "Social psychological perspective on stress and stress coping for working Kosovo Albanian mothers in Sweden and Kosovo." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19760.
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Stress is something that affects women throughout their lives and has a huge effect on wellbeing. The negative consequences of gender inequality make it harder for women to improve their lives and be a part of the labour market because of responsibilities with children and housework. Women experience high levels of stress, which creates a burden affecting their health. The study aims to understand how gender roles, living and working conditions affect stress and stress coping for working Kosovo Albanian mothers in Sweden and Kosovo. The main focus is to understand how work-home relations affect these women in different societies. The study is based on theories of stress, stress coping, theory of gender and determinants of health. A qualitative study was carried out with individual semi-structured interviews concentrating on the phenomenological perspective with an in-depth insight into the women's experiences. Five women living in Sweden and five women living in Kosovo were interviewed digitally. The results show that personality, working and living conditions and social and community networks affect the experience and interpretation of stress and the choice of stress coping for the women depending on the context.Stress är något som påverkar kvinnorna genom hela livet och har en stor påverkan på hälsan. Negativa effekten av ojämlika könsroller gör det svårare för kvinnor att förbättra deras liv, vara en del av arbetsmarknaden och samtidigt ta hand om barnen och hushållsarbeten. Kvinnor upplever högre mängder av stress, vilket skapar en börda som påverkar hälsan. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur könsroller, boende och arbetsförhållanden påverkar stress och stresshantering för arbetande Kosovoalbanska mammor i Sverige och Kosovo. Huvudfokus ligger i förståelse om hur arbets- och hemförhållanden påverkar kvinnorna i dessa två olika samhällen. Studien är baserat på teorierna stress, stresshantering, teorin om genus och hälsans determinanter. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med fokus på fenomenologisk perspektiv med en fördjupadperspektiv på kvinnornas erfarenheter. Fem kvinnor i Sverige och fem kvinnor i Kosovo var intervjuade digitalt. Resultaten visar att personlighet, arbets- och livsförhållanden och sociala och samhälleliga nätverk påverkar upplevelsen och tolkningen av stress och den valda hanteringsmetoden av kvinnorna beroende av kontexten.
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Atwater, Karen Dail. "A post-positivist study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1195.
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In an effort to explore the multi-faceted subject of parenting in a more holistic manner, a post-positivist model of research was utilized for this study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective. Twelve parents were interviewed in-depth, exploring their experiences of having been parented and their experiences of parenting their own children.
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Maruyama, Mika. "The Effects of Animals on Children's Development of Perspective-Taking Abilities." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/159.
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Although attention to the effects of child-animal interactions on children's development has increased in the last three decades, developmental psychology has not attended to the importance of the effects of animals on children's development. There is a need to consider the possible impacts of animals as significant social partners for children's socioemotional development. The current study, through survey questionnaires and interview methods, investigated whether interacting with animals, especially when children have responsibilities for the welfare of pets and perhaps have formed strong attachments with pets, will promote children's socio-emotional development, specifically their abilities to take the perspective of others. Sixty-five students who attended the local humane society's summer camp program, and students who participated in a monthly humane education program as part of their after school program were invited to participate in the study. All participants completed seven surveys and one telephone or face-to-face interview that were designed to measure their attitudes toward animals and humans, as well as their abilities to take the perspective of others. A linear regression analysis, Chi-Square test, and correlation coefficient test were conducted to assess the quality of interaction with pets on children's humane attitudes toward animals and humans, empathy, as well as their perspective taking abilities. It was found that students who showed stronger attachment toward their pets showed more humane attitudes toward animals and toward humans than students who showed weaker attachment toward their pets. Additionally, it was found that students who showed stronger attachment with their pets had higher levels of social cognitive development (i.e., perspective taking abilities) than students who showed weaker attachment with their pets. Also, significant correlations among variables, such as students' knowledge of animal care, attitudes toward animals and humans, attachment with pets, perspective taking abilities, were found. Lastly, students whose parents show more effective guidance on pet care have more advanced skills of thinking and solving problems in flexible manner than students who do not receive any or less guidance on pet care at home. Findings from the current study suggest the importance of humane education programs as well as effective parental guidance in pet care at home to promote students' knowledge of animal care and humane attitudes toward animals, which influence students' ability to take perspective of others. Promoting such knowledge and attitudes of children may help to promote their empathy and ability to take perspective of others. Having such abilities will alternately help children to have high interpersonal skills, which is a key to have a more successful life in society.
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Fox, Rachael. "Scottish secondary education from a critical community psychological perspective : power, control and exclusion." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/411.
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This research examines problematic and taken for granted issues in Scottish Secondary Education, from a critical community psychological perspective. Young people are positioned as central to the research, in particular young people experiencing exclusion being the most disempowered group in education, and to fully understand problems they experience the thesis develops a standpoint with young people. Methodologically the research is grounded in a particular approach to praxis. Critical reflection, action and knowledge construction all influence one another cyclically in complex relationships, at times conflicting and at others developing together dialogically and these relationships are embraced and reflected upon carefully. Power and knowledge are viewed as being inextricably linked and knowledge, what is legitimated within a certain frame of reference as ‘truth’ or ‘reality’, is viewed as being constructed by dominant groups with the power to do so. Ethnography was carried out in three educational settings: a mainstream High School; a Special School in a city centre catering for young people experiencing exclusion; and a Youth Project where permanently excluded young people were on an alternative curriculum. Qualitative methods were used in a varied and tailored way for each setting and group of people and included Participatory Action Research and group work with young people, interview and group work with teachers, active participation in settings leading to fieldwork notes, and collection of textual information. Analysis involved careful examination of a wide variety of material, drawing on various methods of discourse analysis. The research material was analysed for the ways in which education made possible and placed limits on legislation, social practices, ways of speaking and ways of being. The assumption that adults must be in control of young people in education was found to be absolute and pervasive, stemming from societal ideas of young people, but also perpetuating them. This emerged throughout my research, from practices in mainstream school to ways of speaking available to adults and young people. Inclusion, while often spoken of in relation to equality and social justice, in practice is often conditional, and is re-positioned in this thesis as a form of control. School exclusion is often described in education as being expelled or suspended, but is repositioned in this research more generally as being excluded from learning and peers, and is argued as inherently problematic. Problematic, institutional, educational discourse is constructed as often placing limits on ways of speaking, such that critical reflection and action within secondary education becomes very difficult for adults and young people. Ways of speaking available to young people are examined and demonstrate that while education imposes particular ways of speaking and being, young people find opportunities to resist and reconstruct. Ways of being are examined, between adults and young people in educational settings, and an account of performance of resistance and compliance between young people and adults is developed. This research draws on a complex and multi disciplinary use of theory, literature, methodology and methods, and in doing so constructs an account of young people’s experiences in education that is based on a standpoint with young people. By grounding the research in the interests of young people, particularly those experiencing school exclusion, it challenges assumptions of dominance and control that have implications for education as a whole and all those operating within.
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Balsdon, Andrew James. "An exploration of congruence between a coach and team players in an interactive sport team : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429725.
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Zhang, Ke. "Linking consumer: endorser relationship with source credibility and consumer brand-related responses: a para-social interaction perspective." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/511.
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Previous studies on celebrity endorsement have focused on merits of the celebrity endorser as the key factors for predicting endorsement effectiveness. This research extends previous research by exploring the effects of the consumer's para-social interaction (PSI) with the celebrity. Based on the Source Credibility Model, the proposed model takes PSI as the core variable and examines its relationship with self-brand connection and ideal congruency. Two studies were conducted using online questionnaires to collect consumers' self-reported data. Study 1 tested a partial model using sports celebrities. Study 2 tested the full model using entertainment celebrities. Study 1 had 605 respondents and study 2 had 387 respondents. The respondents were young, well-educated and included both fans and no-fans of the selected celebrities. The results showed that consumer-celebrity PSI was an essential factor in the endorsement process. The perceived attractiveness of a celebrity was an antecedent to PSI, which in turn allowed the consumer to establish a personal connection with the endorsed brand and resulted in positive brand attitude. Furthermore, the results showed that consumers tend to have stronger PSI with a celebrity when they hold a higher degree of ideal congruity with the celebrity. Finally, results indicated that the context in which the celebrity was shown with the brand had significant effects, with a real-life context yielding stronger effects than an ad endorsement context or a product placement context. In sum, this research extended the source attractiveness model by clarifying the endorsement process to include consumer-celebrity PSI and brand-related responses. It also contributed to the audience-celebrity PSI theory. In addition, this research revealed the potential impact of celebrity-brand associations in real-life contexts on endorsement effectiveness, thus providing new insights for research related to the various forms of celebrity endorsement.
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Larson, Jenny. "Life situation after stroke : the spouses' perspective /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-457-0/.
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Brügger, Adrian. "Fear appeals and localising climate change : neither is a panacea to motivate action on climate change : a social psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14445.
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This thesis was interested in exploring the questions of why individuals typically do not respond strongly to climate change, and how individual motivations to do so might be strengthened. More specifically, this thesis explored two widely cited barriers to climate change action and the solutions commonly suggested to overcome them. The first barrier is the lack of personal experience with climate change, which is believed to inhibit relevant emotional processes. The second, not unrelated, barrier is that people typically perceive climate change as a distant threat, one that is not relevant to them personally, where they live, and in the present time. To test these explanations, two public surveys of residents of both the UK (n = 616) and Switzerland (n = 316) explored the relationships among negative emotions, perceptions of geographically proximal and distant climate change risks, and variables that capture people’s willingness to address climate change. The findings supported the idea that stronger negative emotions were positively related to more readiness to act against climate change. The relationship between spatially close versus distant risk perceptions and measures of different forms of action was, however, more complex. Specifically, the findings revealed a strong association between global risk perceptions and policy support and a strong association between local risk perceptions and personal intentions. One explanation for these (unexpected) associations is that they are due to spontaneous matches with regard to psychological distance: Local risk perceptions are psychologically proximal on the spatial dimension and personal intentions can be regarded as proximal on the social dimension. Likewise, the spatially remote global risk perceptions can be matched to support for policies, which can be regarded as distant on the social dimension. Studies 3 and 4 tried to experimentally untangle the complex relationships between psychological distance and people’s perceptions and actions that were 2 observed in the survey research. Specifically, in both studies participants were manipulated to adopt either a spatially proximal or distant perspective on climate change. Study 3 (n = 80) measured participants emotional responses to climate change and looked at how these predicted different attitudinal and behavioural responses under a proximal or distant framework, whereas Study 4 (n = 330) more directly explored the possible effects of activating negative emotions (i.e., fear) in combination with different distance frames as part of attempts to promote action on climate change. The findings of Studies 3 and 4 suggest that decreasing the psychological distance of climate change and inducing fear can both be potentially useful strategies to promote action on climate change. However, the operation of both these strategies is more complex than is often assumed and these complexities have implications for the effectiveness of each strategy. For one thing, both attempts to reduce distance and increase fear can initiate multiple psychological processes that simultaneously increase and decrease the likelihood of acting on climate change. Because these processes work in opposition, reduced distance and increased fear can have positive effects, negative effects, or no effect at all. Together, the findings across studies highlight that psychological distance is neither an insurmountable obstacle to action against climate change – it depends on what kind of action is being considered (Studies 1 & 2) – and nor is decreasing psychological distance a panacea to motivate action – this can trigger the same kind of defensiveness that have been observed in response to other strategies, such as the use of emotion (Studies 3 & 4). In the general discussion, the theoretical implications of these insights for different theoretical models of distance, emotion, and action are considered, as are the implications for the practice of promoting public engagement with and action on climate change.
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Hlokwe, Joy Katlego. "The psychological, social and cultural experiences of undergraduate international students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) : an afrocentric perspective." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2876.
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Thesis (M. A. (Psychology)) --University of LimpopoThis research investigated the psychological, social and cultural experiences of undergraduate international students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus). The study was qualitative in nature with an exploratory research design. The research made use of purposive sampling. Data was collected through focus groups as it was an appropriate tool for collecting the in-depth experiences of international students registered at the University. There were four focus groups with six participants in each so the overall sample was twenty-four. The researcher sampled twelve females and twelve males to ensure gender representivity. Afrocentricity was used as theoretical framework underpinning the study. The data were analysed using Thematic content analysis (TCA). The following themes emerged out of an interpretation of data: Motivation; Discrimination; academic challenges; language barriers; sense of belonging; homesickness; avoidance, acculturation and shared African culture. International students experienced many challenges which resulted in loneliness and isolation. They also used negative defence mechanisms in order to cope in the new environment. Results indicated that there are divisions in terms of culture (both social and academic) in the University environment caused, in part, by the colonial partition of Africa. Conversely, elements of African culture that have survived the onslaught of colonialism (and in South Africa, apartheid) help bind international and peer host country students (and outside communities) together.
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Coker, Suzanne Patricia, and s. coker@cqu edu au. "A Positive Psychological Perspective of the Direct and Indirect Influences of Gender Role Schema and the Experience of Childhood Trauma on Psychological, Physical, and Social Well-Being in Adulthood." Central Queensland University. Department of Psychology and Sociology, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20071016.145424.
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This research assessed psychosocial and cognitive factors influencing well-being, utilising a positive psychological perspective. The theoretical framework of this research was provided by two of the sub-theories of Self-Determination Theory Basic Needs Theory and Organismic Integration Theory along with Gender Role Theory, and Becks Cognitive Triad, with each of these theories relating differentially to the concept of control or self-determination. More specifically, the current research examined the relationship between gender role schema and the experience of childhood trauma with psychological, physical, and social well-being in adults. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 employed a random sample of 410 participants from Central Queensland, Australia, to develop the World Beliefs Inventory (WBI). This 21-item inventory was developed to assess world beliefs, based on a translation of Aerts et al.s (1994) philosophical conceptualisation of world beliefs into common terminology. Developing the WBI enabled the assessment of world beliefs, which along with beliefs about oneself (operationalised as perceived control), and the future (dispositional optimism) constitute Becks (1976) cognitive triad. Statistical analyses indicated that the inventory provided a good representation of the world beliefs construct, as well as possessing favourable concurrent validity (e.g., positive views regarding the nature of the world were associated with decreased frequency of depressive symptoms experienced, and greater general psychological health and self-esteem). Study 2 was designed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between gender role schema (masculinity and femininity) and the experience of childhood trauma with psychological, physical, and social well-being, being mediated by (a) the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, (b) beliefs about the world, oneself, and the future, (c) the self-regulation of withholding negative emotion (SRWNE), and (d) somatic amplification. Study 2 employed a separate random sample of 605 participants from Central Queensland. Psychological, physical, and social well-being were each assessed independently to determine whether patterns of significant relationships were similar or different across the different types of well-being. In order to test the theories underlying the structural models of well-being, five hierarchical models of each type of well-being were analysed and compared. Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and beliefs about the future (dispositional optimism) were found to play a role in the process via which masculinity, femininity, and the experience of childhood trauma influenced all three forms of well-being, while world beliefs were additionally found to influence social well-being, and the SRWNE additionally influenced physical well-being. Results therefore support Basic Needs Theory and provide partial support for Becks cognitive triad. They also provide evidence of the utility of the concept of the SRWNE, which was developed in accordance with Organismic Integration Theory.
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Yelverton, Rita McLeod. "Motivation and Engagement Across the Kindergarten Transition: A Self Determination Perspective." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2026.
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The American school system currently faces gaps in achievement between its low-income, minority students and their higher-income, white peers. These gaps exist both in academic and socioemotional skills, are present by kindergarten entry, and persist throughout students' school careers. One proposed strategy through which these gaps may be reduced is through the promotion of student motivation and engagement. In the primary and secondary school settings, these constructs are promoted through teachers' motivational support of students' psychological needs for relatedness, autonomy, and competence. However, the development of these factors prior to kindergarten entry has not been as well studied.
Data from 333 students and their 98 preschool classrooms were used to examine whether highly motivationally supportive preschool experiences can buffer the negative effects of risk in order to support the development of a high sense of motivation and engagement that is sustained across the transition to kindergarten. In terms of normative changes, results indicated that both engagement and disaffection declined across the kindergarten transition. High maternal education was a consistent predictor of increases in engagement and motivation and declines in disaffection across the kindergarten transition. While need support did not consistently buffer the loss of engagement or enhance declines in disaffection, it did seem particularly beneficial for boys, whose motivation and disaffection outcomes tended to improve after preschool experiences characterized by high warmth. Additionally, children's declines in frustration across the kindergarten transition were enhanced by well-structured preschool experiences.
Details of analyses, results, strengths, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed.
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Zhang, Hao, and Tan Jia. "Discuss employee wellbeing in project based organizations from a human resource management perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81925.
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In our paper, we introduced employee wellbeing through physical, psychological and social dimensions. We discuss employee wellbeing in the context of project-based organization (PBO). Meanwhile we summarize features of project-based organizations and this kind of work settings brings some negative effects to employee wellbeing. We figure out some human resource management (HRM) policies and practices for improving employee wellbeing in PBO based on our case study results and theoretical research. These HRM policies and practices can be concluded that performance evaluation and appraisal in PBO should be dynamic and autonomic; employees in PBO should be more involved in work process; trainings and development should include basic skills, broad knowledge and deep technical excellence.
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Knab, Nadine [Verfasser], Melanie [Akademischer Betreuer] Steffens, and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmitt. "Psychological interventions to improve intergroup relations in the asylum context: A multi-perspective approach to transform social conflict / Nadine Knab ; Melanie Steffens, Manfred Schmitt." Landau : Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219072419/34.
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Wang, Yuan. "AN INVITED INTRUSION: EXAMINING TERRITORIALITY IN P2P ACCOMMODATIONS FROM THE GUEST PERSPECTIVE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/538412.
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Business Administration/InterdisciplinaryPh.D.
This dissertation aims to understand the role of territoriality in peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation guest experience by answering four questions: (1) How do P2P accommodation guests feel about staying in P2P accommodation rentals as a territorial complexity? (2) What factors influence P2P accommodation guests’ perceptions of being in P2P accommodation rentals? (3) What kinds of territorial behaviors do guests experience from hosts in P2P accommodation rentals? How does host territoriality affect P2P accommodation guest experiences? (4) Do guests engage in territoriality in P2P accommodation rentals? If so, what territorial behaviors do guests use? A convergent mixed-methods design was used to answer these questions based on two studies: a qualitative study intended to develop an overall understanding of territoriality in P2P accommodation guest experiences (Study 1); and a scale development and validation study intended to develop a scale of perceived host territoriality in P2P accommodation settings (Study 2). Study 1 followed the procedures of interpretative phenomenological analysis, including semi-structured interviews with 13 P2P accommodation guests. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify themes related to territoriality in P2P accommodation guest experiences. Results of Study 1 show that P2P accommodation guests possessed two territorial senses while staying in a shared rental: a sense of being in others’ territory and a sense of being in their own territory. Feelings associated with staying in others’ territory vs. their own territory were identified. Eight sets of factors were found to influence territorial senses, including home amenities and facilities, personal items/décor items, length of stay/use, physical presence of the host, entire rental vs. private rental, disturbance from others, hospitableness of the host, and travel companionship. Multiple factors that enhanced P2P accommodation guests’ sense of being in others’ territory were related to host territoriality. A closer examination of host territoriality revealed six types of host territoriality: personalization of the rental, house rules, accessibility, intrusion, hands-on hosting, and service failure. Guests’ reactions toward host territoriality fell into four categories: adaption, assertive defense, appeal, and avoidance. The impacts of host territoriality on guests’ evaluations of hosts, evaluations of their P2P accommodation experiences, and future use of P2P accommodations varied depending on guests’ reactions and attributions of host territoriality. P2P accommodation guests were also found to need their own space in P2P accommodation rentals. Influenced by this need and a sense of being in their own territory, P2P accommodation guests sometimes also engaged in territoriality to construct, communicate, and defend their territories. Guests’ territorial behaviors included personalization of the rental, exploration of the rental, giving instructions to others, and defending against territorial intrusions. Following an eight-step scale development procedure, Study 2 developed and validated a scale of perceived host territoriality in P2P accommodations. An initial list of scale items was generated from an online survey with open-ended questions (N = 116), independent coding of survey responses, and examples identified in Study 1. An expert panel (N = 5) and a panel of P2P accommodation guests (N = 26) were hired to assess the content validity of the original scale. A pilot study was conducted for initial scale validation (N = 93), after which the wording of scale items was modified. An online survey for scale purification and refinement was then conducted (N = 911). The dataset was split into a developmental sample and a validation sample to conduct exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. After scale purification, a second dataset was collected to validate the scale (N = 603). The final version of the scale included 18 items and four dimensions: Accessibility, House Rules, Signs of Ownership, and Intrusion. Known-group comparisons and criterion-related validity assessment confirmed the validity of the scale. Specifically, P2P accommodation guests who stayed in a private-room rental reported higher levels of host territoriality than those staying in an entire rental. Experiences of host territoriality were negatively correlated with perceived control, perceived self-efficacy, and personal sense of power among P2P accommodation guests. The newly developed scale was used to examine the impact of perceived host territoriality on perceived warmth and competence of P2P accommodation hosts, guests’ experience satisfaction, and guests’ behavioral intentions via a second-order structural equation model. Perceived host territoriality was negatively associated with perceived warmth and competence of P2P accommodation hosts, satisfaction with the P2P accommodation experience, and intention to reuse/recommend a P2P accommodation rental. However, dimensions of host territoriality had varying impacts on guest experience; host territoriality via signs of ownership and house rules positively influenced P2P accommodation guest experiences. A conceptual framework of territoriality in P2P accommodation guest experiences was proposed based on the findings of this dissertation, describing relationships among territorial senses, factors influencing territorial senses, host territoriality, guest reactions to host territoriality, and guest territoriality. Theoretical implications of these results on P2P accommodation research, human territory and territoriality research, and tourism and hospitality research were discussed, followed by implications regarding P2P accommodation platforms, hosts, and guests as well as management of guest experiences in other hospitality service encounters.
Temple University--Theses
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Siffleet, Joanne Marie. "Maintaining emotional wellbeing in the intensive care unit: a grounded theory study from the perspective of experienced nurses." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/640.
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This Grounded Theory study developed a substantive theory to explore and explain the experienced nurse’s perspective of maintaining emotional wellbeing in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Data were collected by recorded interviews of 15 experienced ICU registered nurses from an ICU of a metropolitan hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Emotional wellbeing was described by the participants as feelings of satisfaction and happiness, derived from the delivery of best care to patients and their families. This formed the context of the study. The core problem shared by ICU nurses was the Inability to Protect Self from Distress. Distress was described as feelings of grief, sadness, frustration and anger in response to caring for patients who were critically ill, and their families.Conditions were also identified that impacted the nurse's ability to protect self from distress: Best care; Autonomy; Teamwork; and Previous nursing and life experience. The Basic Social and Psychological Process used by nurses to protect themselves from distress, and therefore maintain their emotional wellbeing was called Protecting Self from Distress. The process was described under three phases: Delivering best care, Validating care episodes, and Distancing self from distress. The process described how nurses protected self from distress, including strategies to overcome or promote the conditions that impacted nurse wellbeing. Nurses maintain their emotional wellbeing through the delivery of best care. Best care referred to giving the best care possible given the nature of critical illness and limitations of critical care.Understanding the conditions that impacted nurse wellbeing provides valuable insight into factors that help or hinder the delivery of best care. The substantive theory outlined processes that enabled nurses to maintain their emotional wellbeing and succeed in providing best care to patients and families in the ICU. Minimising threats to the delivery of best care will promote nurse satisfaction, happiness, enhance wellbeing and may contribute to higher retention rates. The satisfaction and happiness enjoyed by nurses was found to be the reason the group in this study remained nursing in ICU.
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Meyer, Tania. "A social work perspective on the socio-emotional experience of older persons with visual impairments." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1112.
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Köber, Göran [Verfasser], and Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberwittler. "A dynamic and relational perspective on vulnerability and fear of crime : : the role of physical, psychological, and social factors as well as life events and neighborhood contexts using a between-within person approach." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1184198837/34.
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Hallman, Tina. "Gender perspective on psychosocial risk factors : conditions governing women's lives in relation to stress and coronary heart disease /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-491-7/.
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Nordin, Maria. "Low social support and disturbed sleep : epidemiological and psychological perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-906.
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Leach, J. S. R. "Organisational responses to students' mental health needs : social, psychological and medical perspectives." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2004. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/e5eca0f1-9e7c-d32d-a439-94d33c8459de/1.
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This research examines the support offered to students with mental and emotional problems in Oxford, based on a theoretical model which distinguishes between social, psychological and medical/biological approaches. Although there has been a long-running debate about the contribution of each of these approaches, their impact on the provision of formal and informal support for students has not been previously studied. Using a case study research design, 76 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 'students and staff within three educational institutions and two healthcare trusts, with additional information coming from meetings of the Oxford Student Mental Health Network and other documentary evidence. The case studies found that concerns about stigma, confidentiality, damaged career prospects and beliefs about the nature of the support provided all impacted on students' willingness to seek help. Sources of social support included friends, family, student officers, academic, residential and administrative staff. Psychological support came from university counsellors and National Health Service psychotherapists. General Practitioners provided the first line of medical support, with psychiatrists and other mental health professionals becoming involved with the more severe cases. There were gaps between the different levels of support, concerns about the difficulty in accessing secondary and tertiary levels of care, and sometimes mutual suspicion between different types of supporters. The distinctions between social, psychological and medical approaches to mental health which tend to be polarised in the literature, were not articulated so forcefully by the majority of the respondents. Integrating different forms of support was seen as providing students with the best chance of completing their studies successfully, but raises challenges of working across organisational and professional boundaries. Whilst there were established pathways for referring students into psychological and medical services at times of crisis, there were not such well organised pathways back in to the social levels of support upon recovery.
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Thalji, Nadia Khalil. "Homecoming in Liminal Times| Depth Psychological Perspectives on the Experience of Immigration." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785558.
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The purpose of this inquiry was to develop a depth psychological understanding of immigration as a liminal experience. The Free Association Narrative Interview (FANI) method derived meaning from the lived experiences of five recent immigrants from both Western and Eastern cultures. Emergent themes referenced the expanded understanding of immigration as a process of homecoming, perceived psychoanalytically as a transitional phenomenon; in Jungian terms, a transcendent one. Homecoming represented both a process of transformation and an area of experiencing as the individual came to terms with the liminal experience of immigration by integrating self-experience and bridging differences and similarities. Results offered a new view of a depth psychological approach to the phenomenon of immigration, suggesting an association between trauma and the loss of a sense of home, and the function of symbolization in the process of bridging differences and similarities, enabling psychic growth. Clinical implications included understanding the nature of the sense of loss of home, developing coping strategies for immigrants who see themselves as being in between worlds or homeless, and integrating immigrant clients into the new culture. Future research emphasized methodological considerations.
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Fuller, Allan G. (Allan Gordon) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Development as cultural change: the need for socio-psychological perspectives in development." Ottawa, 1988.
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Mackersie, John. "ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION FROM SPORT INJURY IN RELATION TO THEIR RESTORATION NETWORKS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281092700.
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(9809903), Leeana Kent. "Body modification: A social psychological perspective of tattoos." Thesis, 2006. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Body_modification_A_social_psychological_perspective_of_tattoos/21723281.
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This research investigated psychosocial factors influencing people's intention to modify their physical appearance via the acquisition of a tattoo. The specific aim of this research was to examine the influence of social role expectations on the intentions of tattooed and non-tattooed males and females to obtain a/another tattoo. The scope of this research entailed (1) an examination of contemporary attitudes toward tattoos and the development of a measurement inventory to assess peoples attitudes toward tattoos, and (2) the investigation of the strength and direction of path coefficients linking the exogenous and endogenous variables in a structural path model in order to determine which variables (if any) play a significant role in the intention to engage in the body modification practice of acquiring a tattoo. Specifically, this research investigated the direct and indirect influences of gender roles, neuroticism, appearance self-concept, internalisation of sociocultural appearance ideals, self-objectification, and body modification attitudes, on the behavioural intentions of individuals with and without tattoos. While some psychological research focusing on tattooing has been conducted, most has come from a clinical rather than social perspective and does not provide insight into the psychosocial aspects of this ever increasing practice. As such, a psychosocial structural path model was developed, based on Eagly's (1987) social role theory and Fredrickson and Roberts's (1997) objectification theory, to represent the decision-making process of the intention to engage in modifying the body's appearance via the acquisition of a/another tattoo. This was achieved in a two-study process.
Study 1 involved the development of the Body Modification Inventory-Tattoos (BMI-T) designed to measure male and female tattooed and non-tattooed individuals' attitudes toward tattoos. Initially, 45 representatives of the general community were invited to participate in one of two focus groups (i.e., one group of tattooees and one group of non-tattooees). Participants in each focus group were asked to consider their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in relation to tattoos. Following content analysis of the original responses, 18 statements were written to emulate the meaning-content of the themes detected. A total of 195 respondents (29 tattooed males; 55 tattooed females; 54 non-tattooed males; 56 non-tattooed females) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing attitudes toward tattoos, body image attitudes, sociocultural appearance ideals, and body esteem. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution demonstrating good convergent and discriminant validity. A confirmatory factor analysis (N = 212; 44 tattooed males, 52 non-tattooed males, 56 tattooed females, 60 non-tattooed females) indicated the model demonstrated a good degree of fit, thus confirming the factor structure of the BMI-T.
Study 2 examined the posited structural path model, via structural equation modeling, in order to determine the direct and/or indirect influence (if any) of social role expectations (masculine or feminine) on the intention to modify one's appearance. Six hundred and forty-eight respondents (153 tattooed males, 150 non-tattooed males, 158 tattooed females, 187 non-tattooed females) from the general population completed a self-report questionnaire assessing attitudes toward tattoos, behavioural intentions, self-objectification, gender-typing, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and neuroticism. Results of this study indicated that social role expectations, as measured by adherence to gender roles, had an indirect influence on the intentions of tattooed and non-tattooed males and females to obtain a/another tattoo. The findings, however, indicated that the path of the decision-making process differed across the four groups. Further, self-objectification was found to have a significant influence on the intentions of non-tattooed males only. The implications for the study's findings with regard to male and female tattooees and non-tattooees are discussed.
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Bergmann, Frank Carr. "Exploring death and loss : a social constructionist perspective." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6107.
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M.A.Death and loss accompany us throughout our lives and are experienced in a variety of forms and situations. Numerous researches have been undertaken to gain some perspective on death. and loss, however these attempts have proven to be impersonal, incomplete and of limited use, as death tends to evade direct scrutiny. An attempt is made here to observe death and loss from a stance that respects the human element. The personal experiences of adults who have lost parent/s at a young age are examined. This paper explores the constructions of death and loss, as well as the meanings that are attributed to these experiences. A social constructionist approach is used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the participants' relationships with death and loss. One of the primary aims of this paper is to investigate the implications that these constructions of death and loss have for the way people live and make sense of their lives. This study focusses on how death requires the individual to reconstruct a sense of identity and relationship with the world. Some of the major conceptualisations of death, loss and mourning are reviewed in conjunction with the input of philosophers, poets and creative writers allowing for a richer, fuller perception of these events. The aim of this paper is not to develop a comprehensive understanding of death and loss, but rather to approach these constructs from a more personal perspective. This paper moves away from modernist thinking and includes the researcher as a participant where personal biases, experiences and understandings are included.
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"Social goals in grandparenthood: a function of death anxiety and time perspective." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891702.
Full textAbstract:
Siu Man Yee.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-48).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.ii
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii
List of Tables --- p.vi
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Terror management theory --- p.2
Socioemotional selectivity theory --- p.6
"TMT, SST & Grandparenthood" --- p.9
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.15
Participants --- p.15
Measures --- p.16
Chinese versions of scales --- p.19
Procedure --- p.19
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.21
Results: test the hypothesis with whole scale --- p.21
Results: with FTPS subscales --- p.27
Chapter Chapter 4: --- DISCUSSION --- p.35
Death anxiety as a motivating force --- p.35
Time perspective for the elderly --- p.39
References --- p.43
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Grodkiewicz, Jill P. "The self at its best and worst: a social psychological perspective." 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13466.
Full text
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YANG, YA-HAN, and 楊雅寒. "Coworker Social Loafing and Psychological Contract Fulfillment: The Organization Justice Perspective." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xax996.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東大學
企業管理學系碩士班
106
In the past, many studies focused on social leisure and organizational fairness, psychological contract or related research on organizational fairness and psychological contract. They did not focus on social leisure, organizational fairness and psychological contract. Therefore, this study mainly explores the three researches. The relationship, together with the current lack of more frequent and closely related task interdependence and task cohesion, to see how it affects the relationship between social leisure and organizational justice. The research object is based on the hotel industry. The work level or department is the unit. A supervisor from the department and more than 5 subordinates assist the questionnaire and use the questionnaire to recover the sample data. The questionnaire is distributed mainly through the teachers, supervisors and employees who are familiar with the tourism industry. The number of questionnaires was 270, and the number of questionnaires was 182, with a recovery rate of 67.4%. Through the empirical analysis of spss for windows statistical software, the results of this study are as follows: social leisure has a negative impact on organizational fairness. Organizational fairness has a positive relationship with the psychological contract. Organizational fairness is a leisurely and psychological contract for society, with a full intermediary effect. Task interdependence presents a positive relationship to organizational fairness, and task interdependence presents a negative relationship to social leisure, but task interdependence has no obvious interference effect on organizational fairness and social leisure. Task cohesion has a positive relationship with organizational fairness, and task cohesion has a negative relationship with social leisure, but task cohesion has no obvious interference effect on organizational fairness and social leisure.