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Journal articles on the topic 'Social psychology – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Clark, Thomas S., Gerhard K. Friedrich, Methembe Ndlovu, Torsten B. Neilands, and Willi McFarland. "An Adolescent-targeted HIV Prevention Project Using African Professional Soccer Players as Role Models and Educators in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." AIDS and Behavior 10, S1 (June 22, 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9140-4.

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2

Nyakutombwa, Content P., Wilfred N. Nunu, Nicholas Mudonhi, and Nomathemba Sibanda. "Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Offered in Selected Public Hospitals in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010181.

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Introduction: Patient satisfaction with health care services is vital in establishing gaps to be improved, notably in public health facilities utilised by the majority in Low and Middle-Income Countries. This study assessed factors that influenced patient satisfaction with United Bulawayo Hospitals and Mpilo Hospital services in Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 99 randomly selected respondents in two tertiary hospitals in Bulawayo. Chi-squared tests were employed to determine associations between different demographic characteristics and patient satisfaction with various services they received. Multiple Stepwise Linear regression was conducted to assess the strength of the association between different variables. Results: Most of the participants who took part in the study were males in both selected hospitals. It was generally observed that patients were satisfied with these facilities' services, symbolised by over 50% satisfaction. However, patients at Mpilo were overall more satisfied than those at United Bulawayo Hospitals. Variables “received speciality services,” “average waiting times,” and “drugs being issued on time” were significant contributors to different levels of satisfaction observed between Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals. Conclusion: Generally, patients are satisfied with the services and interactions with the health service providers at United Bulawayo Hospitals and Mpilo Hospitals. However, patients at Mpilo were more satisfied than those at United Bulawayo Hospitals. There is generally a need to improve pharmaceutical services, outpatient services, and interaction with health service provider services to attain the highest levels of patient satisfaction.

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3

Grant, Miriam. "Difficult Debut: Social and Economic Identities of Urban Youth in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 37, no. 2/3 (2003): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107245.

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4

Grant, Miriam. "Difficult Debut: Social and Economic Identities of Urban Youth in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 37, no. 2-3 (January 2003): 411–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2003.10751274.

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Dube, Thulani, Saziso Sibanda, and Phibion Chiwara. "Adapting peri-urban agriculture to climate change in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: A qualitative assessment." Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1944486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1944486.

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6

Carreira, Shirley De Souza Gomes. "A reconfiguração da identidade cultural em Precisamos de Novos Nomes, Noviolet Bulawayo." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 72, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2019v72n1p145.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the reconfiguration of the cultural identity of the protagonist of We Need New Names, by Noviolet Bulawayo. In this coming-of-age novel, the author narrates Darling’s story from her childhood, in Harare, Zimbabwe, until she became an adult, as an immigrant in the United States. The novel’s background is the economic, political and social crisis that plagued the country in the post-independence period, aggravated by the spread of AIDs. Like many compatriots, the protagonist builds a utopian image of America, which, years later, melts away due to the difficulties faced by immigrants on American soil.

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7

Tsang, Eileen Yuk-ha, Shan Qiao, Jeffrey S. Wilkinson, Annis Lai-chu Fung, Freddy Lipeleke, and Xiaoming Li. "Multilayered Stigma and Vulnerabilities for HIV Infection and Transmission: A Qualitative Study on Male Sex Workers in Zimbabwe." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 155798831882388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318823883.

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Male sex workers are marginalized in most societies due to intersectional stigma between prostitution and homosexuality. In Zimbabwe, a proliferation of male sex workers in major cities such as Harare and Bulawayo has been reported. However, there is a shortage of studies that explore their lives. The current qualitative study aims to describe the practices of sex work, life contexts, and HIV risks and vulnerabilities based on in-depth interviews among 15 male sex workers in Bulawayo. Our studies suggest that the stigma against male sex workers comes from diverse sectors including culture (“homosexuality is un-African, introduced by the Whites”), religion (“same sex is a sin before the God”), law and police (“homosexuality is illegal in Zimbabwe. Engaging in it can send one to prison”), media (“the media is hostile to sex workers particularly men as we are regarded as abnormal and unclean”), and their family (“should they get to know about it, they will disown me”). In this context, male sex workers were excluded from national HIV prevention and treatment programs. They had limited knowledge and many misconceptions about HIV. The stigma and discrimination from health-care providers also discouraged them from health seeking or HIV testing. The non-disclosure to female partners of convenience and sexual relations further increased their vulnerabilities to HIV infection and transmission. Current efforts to address the HIV epidemic should pay attention to male sex workers and tackle the intersecting stigma issues. male sex workers need support and tailored HIV prevention and treatment services to improve their HIV prevention practices, health, and well-being.

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8

Sibanda, Lwazi. "Teaching Social Skills as a Proactive Discipline Management Strategy: Experiences of Selected Secondary Schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe." American Journal of Educational Research 6, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 1636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/education-6-12-8.

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9

Rubin, Joshua D. "Assembling emergence: making art and selling gas in Bulawayo." Africa 89, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000482.

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AbstractThis article is an ethnographic investigation of the labours of making art and selling liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It locates these activities within a shared social world, centred on one of Bulawayo's major art galleries, and it demonstrates that artists and LPG dealers use similar strategies to respond to the political conditions of life in the city. This article frames these conditions as unpredictable, insofar as they change frequently and crystallize in unexpected forms, and it argues that both groups are attempting to act within these conditions and shape them into emergent assemblages. In adopting this term ‘assemblage’, which has been elaborated theoretically by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their many interlocutors, this article emphasizes both the mutability and the unpredictability of these formations. The artists who work in the gallery, for their part, make their art by assembling their chosen media. The processes by which they choose their media constitute assemblages as well, in that artists have to adapt their artistic visions to the materials that Zimbabwe's market can provide. Street dealers in gas also produce emergent assemblages against the backdrop of unpredictability. If they want to make natural gas available to consumers, dealers must shepherd their medium through an always emergent process of distribution. They participate in transnational networks of trade, but they also theorize innovative strategies of procurement, develop circuits of trust and loyalty, and conjure up visions of a predatory state. Like artists, they use their work to construct dynamic representations of the world around them. Artists may produce images, and dealers circulate gas, but this article shows that conceptualizing these practices in terms of ‘assemblages’ calls their commonalities into view. In doing so, it also demonstrates that these practices complicate easy distinctions between aesthetics, economics and politics.

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Mazonde, Nomusa B., and Teresa Carmichael. "The influence of culture on female entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v8i1.101.

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<strong>Background:</strong> There is an increasing interest in female entrepreneurship, not only to realise the potential for economic growth, but also in light of the opportunities for female expression, emancipation, agency and empowerment. Literature has found that many female entrepreneurs are profoundly affected by the traditional sociocultural context in which they operate, and that they have needed to work around patriarchal barriers in order to succeed. This study explores the ways in which they do this.<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this paper was to contribute to an understanding of how female entrepreneurs in a patriarchal African society can work within cultural constraints to achieve success within their own terms of reference.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> The study took place in Zimbabwe among female entrepreneurs who had recently formalised their businesses</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using a qualitative interpretive research design, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 43 African female entrepreneurs running their own businesses in the Zimbabwean cities of Harare and Bulawayo.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The complex interplay of macro- (national cultural characteristics), meso- (institutional and social factors), and micro- (individual identity) level factors shaped the ways in which the women dealt with the shackles of patriarchy, inequality and high power distance that had historically impeded their economic participation. Through their own agency, they mobilised their public and private identities separately, balancing the seemingly incompatible roles of home-maker vs entrepreneur.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Zimbabwean women successfully managed the interaction between their different social roles and identities to balance domestic obligations with income generation to better the lives of their families.</p>

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11

Chigevenga, Rosemary. "Commentary on COVID-19 in Zimbabwe." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 12, no. 5 (July 2020): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000692.

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12

Wilson, David, and Maria Mbudzi. "Correlates of Attitudes toward Women in Zimbabwe." Journal of Social Psychology 129, no. 1 (February 1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1989.9711695.

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13

Mudondo, C. D., and K K Govender. "The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Zimbabwean Commercial Bank Customers Behaviour." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9332.

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While research has underscored the benefits of social media marketing, organizations including banks, still fail to justify their continued investment on social media marketing, mainly because its impact on customer behaviour remains unclear. Thus, this study aimsto establish the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on Zimbabwean commercial bank customers’ behaviour, from a Social Exchange Theory (SET) perspective. The objectives included determining the influence of the SET determinants inherent in SMM on commercial bank customers’ satisfaction; loyalty and repurchase intentions. A quantitative research approach was used to survey 384 bank customers in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. Structural Equation Modellingrevealed a positive and significant relationship between the perceived social, informational and monetary benefits inherent in SMM and the bank customers’ satisfaction. There was also a significant positive relationship between social connectedness inherent in SMM and the bank customers’ loyalty. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were found between perceived fairness, customer engagement, perceived reciprocity inherent in SMM and bank customers’ trust, while the strength of community ties inherent in SMM is negatively and significantly related to bank customer loyalty. It is thus recommended that marketers take cognizance of the influence of the social exchange theory determinants inherent in social media marketing on customer behaviour, when developing and implementing social media marketing strategies and policies.

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Hampson, Joe. "Elderly People and Social Welfare in Zimbabwe." Ageing and Society 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00011284.

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ABSTRACTThe ageing of Third World populations and its implications for planning in social welfare has received little attention in the literature until now. This article explores the need radically to alter Western models of care for elderly people in an African context, arguing that in situations of mass poverty and gross economic differentiation a concentration on social welfare for urban formal sector employees is inappropriate. Zimbabwe is used as a case study. The situation of the aged in Zimbabwe is analysed from existing but scanty data, and sets of policy proposals that have relevance to the national economy and to the rural, urban and commercial farming sectors are discussed.

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15

Moore, David, and Zenzo Moyo. "‘What Will We Be without Them?’ Rural Intellectuals in the State and NGOs in Zimbabwe’s Crisis-Ridden Countryside." Critical Sociology 44, no. 4-5 (August 4, 2016): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920516656762.

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Research on NGOs in rural Zimbabwe suggests that ideas of automatic opposition between ‘civil society’ and/or non-governmental organizations and authoritarian states are too simple. Rather, relations between state and non-state organizations such as those referenced in this article, in the rural district of Mangwe about 200 kilometres south-west of Zimbabwe’s Bulawayo, are symbiotic. This contrasts with urban areas where political histories have led to more contested state-civil society relations in the last two decades, during which social movements with a degree of counter-hegemonic (or counter-regime) aspirations were allied with many NGOs and opposition political parties. Gramsci’s idea of ‘rural intellectuals’ could complement the widely used notion of ‘organic intellectuals’ to examine the members of the intelligentsia appearing to be at one with subordinate groups in the countryside and at odds with the state. Likewise state workers distant from the centre and close to their class peers in NGOs as well as their ‘subjects’ may operate with autonomy from their masters in ruling parties and states to assist, rather than repress, citizens and also to co-operate with NGO workers. This research indicates that discerning how hegemony works across whole state-society complexes is more complicated than usually perceived, given the many regional variations therein.

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16

Harrison, Algea O., Robert B. Stewart, Kathleen Myambo, and Clarkston Teveraishe. "Perceptions of Social Networks Among Adolescents From Zimbabwe and the United States." Journal of Black Psychology 21, no. 4 (November 1995): 382–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984950214006.

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17

Jordan, Josephine. "Forging an Environmental Supports Bank for Vocabulary and Verbal Reasoning Testing in Zimbabwe." Psychology and Developing Societies 1, no. 2 (September 1989): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133368900100203.

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18

Nyika, Aceme, Douglas Richard Wassenaar, and Nicole Mamotte. "The Effect of Relationships on Decision-Making Processes of Women in Harare, Zimbabwe." Ethics & Behavior 19, no. 3 (May 14, 2009): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508420902886627.

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19

Majoko, Tawanda. "Mainstream Early Childhood Education teacher preparation for inclusion in Zimbabwe." Early Child Development and Care 187, no. 11 (May 8, 2016): 1649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1180292.

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20

Dhlamini-Sibanda, Sifisokuhle I., Virgininia Dube-Mawerewere, Grace Nkhoma, and Clara O. Haruzivishe. "A Study to Examine the Relationship between Social Support and Perception of Being Institutionalized among the Elderly Aged 65 Years and Above Who Are in Institutions in Bulawayo Urban, Zimbabwe." Open Journal of Nursing 07, no. 08 (2017): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2017.78067.

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21

Tom, Tom, and Clement Chipenda. "COVID-19, Lockdown and the Family in Zimbabwe." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 51, no. 3-4 (October 2020): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.51.3-4.005.

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22

Qiao, Shan, Eileen Yuk-ha Tsang, Jeffrey S. Wilkinson, Freddy Lipeleke, and Xiaoming Li. "“In Zimbabwe there is nothing for us”: sex work and vulnerability of HIV infection among male sex workers in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 31, no. 9 (January 30, 2019): 1124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1574334.

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23

Majoko, Tawanda. "Effectiveness of special and inclusive teaching in early childhood education in Zimbabwe." Early Child Development and Care 188, no. 6 (September 29, 2016): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1237514.

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24

Chidarikire, Sherphard, Merylin Cross, Isabelle Skinner, and Michelle Cleary. "An ethnographic study of schizophrenia in Zimbabwe: The role of culture, faith, and religion." Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 22, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2018.1531366.

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25

Hunt, Jenny, Katherine Bristowe, Sybille Chidyamatare, and Richard Harding. "‘So isolation comes in, discrimination and you find many people dying quietly without any family support’: Accessing palliative care for key populations – an in-depth qualitative study." Palliative Medicine 33, no. 6 (March 12, 2019): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319835398.

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Background: Ensuring palliative care for all under a new global health policy must include key populations, that is, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people, and sex workers. Accessibility and quality of care have not been investigated in lower and middle-income countries where civil rights are the weakest. Aim: To examine the accessibility to, and experiences of, palliative care for key populations in Zimbabwe. Design: Qualitative study using thematic analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups. Setting/participants: A total of 60 key population adults and 12 healthcare providers and representatives of palliative care and key population support organisations were interviewed in four sites (Harare, Bulawayo, Mutare and Masvingo/Beitbridge). Results: Participants described unmet needs and barriers to accessing even basic elements of palliative care. Discrimination by healthcare providers was common, exacerbated by the politico-legal-economic environment. Two dominant themes emerged: (a) minimal understanding of, and negligible access to, palliative care significantly increased the risk of painful, undignified deaths and (b) discriminatory beliefs and practices from healthcare providers, family members and the community negatively affected those living with life-limiting illness, and their wishes at the end of life. Enacted stigma from healthcare providers was a potent obstacle to quality care. Conclusion: Discrimination from healthcare providers and lack of referrals to palliative care services increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and transmission of infectious diseases. Untreated conditions, exclusion from services, and minimal family and social support create unnecessary suffering. Public health programmes addressing other sexually taboo subjects may provide guidance.

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26

Mhloyi, M. M. "Identity Formation: Problems and Prospects, The Case of Zimbabwe." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 29, no. 2 (August 1998): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.29.2.243.

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27

Hove, Mediel, Tinashe Nyamunda, and Patience Mukwambo. "Violent state operations at Chiadzwa (Zimbabwe) diamond fields 2006-2009." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2012-0014.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the debilitating socio-economic impact caused by the diamonds at Chiadzwa area in Zimbabwe on the illegal mining community that emerged and inhabited the hills of Chiadzwa between 2006 and the beginning of 2009. The research was carried out for academic proposes, as an advocacy strategy to expose the abuses and violent state operations perpetrated by the security forces. In addition, it intends to equip policy makers and implementers about the heavy handedness of Zimbabwe's security sector during its operations in the area in an effort to enable policy implementers to defend the rights of the affected people at Chiadzwa. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology engaged was chiefly qualitative and the study was a product of primary sources (especially in-depth interviews) and secondary sources (text books, journal articles, newspapers and the internet). Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to collect the data between 2007 and 2009. Collected data were analysed and compiled between 2009 and 2013. Some of the names used in this study for our respondents are pseudo and this was done to ensure anonymity and secure the providers of information against possible retribution. On the other hand real names were used in particular where violent state driven operations were discussed. Findings – Initially the government of Zimbabwe was reluctant to intervene in the illegal extraction of diamonds in search of political leverage. Later it responded with violent manipulative strategies and operations with detrimental consequences on the illegal miners. The brutal strategies employed by individuals and the state led to injury, illness and death of people amid a harsh socio-economic environment. Research limitations/implications – A number of respondents preferred to use pseudonyms because they feared that information collected could be used against them. Practical implications – The study is a good example of conflict between the state machinery and its citizens over a natural resource. It reveals excessive use of force by the state which appears to be the norm in other countries where diamonds are dubbed “blood diamonds”. Social implications – In the midst of the diamond-related violence a new and vibrant social identity emerged commonly referred to as magweja. The area experienced challenges especially with regards to the provision of health services and the traditional use of herbs was endangered by the destruction of vegetation. Originality/value – It reveals a milieu, state regulation enforcement and security agents, magombiro (armed robbers or murderers) all who discharged violence on magweja the foremost victims of the violent systems and practices. In addition, it encourages policy markers and implementers to devise non-violent strategies when dealing with illegal exploitation of natural resources.

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Cort, Malcolm A., Eugene S. Tull, Keratiloe Gwebu, Priscilla Dlamini, Erica Pinkney, Eundene Gramby, Shanitria Cuthbertson, Ashley Daniels, Shay Luu, and Ephraim T. Gwebu. "Education and internalized racism in socio-political context: Zimbabwe and Swaziland." Social Science Journal 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.08.001.

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29

Hayes, Grahame. "Sachs, Chavafambira, Maggie: Prurience or the Pathology of Social Relations?" South African Journal of Psychology 32, no. 2 (June 2002): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630203200206.

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Black Hamlet (1937; reprinted 1996) tells the story of Sachs's association with John Chavafambira, a Manyika nganga (traditional healer and diviner), who had come to Johannesburg from his home in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Sachs's fascination with Chavafambira was initially as a “research subject” of a psychoanalytic investigation into the mind of a sane “native”. Over a period of years Sachs became inextricably drawn into the suffering and de-humanization experienced by Chavafambira as a poor, black man in the urban ghettoes that were the South Africa of the 1930s and 1940s. It is easy these days to want to dismiss Sachs's “project” as the prurient gaze of a white, liberal psychiatrist. This would not only be an ahistorical reading of Black Hamlet, but it would also diminish the possibilities offered by what Said (1994) calls, a contrapuntal reading. I shall present a reading of Black Hamlet, focusing on the three main characters - Sachs, Chavafambira, and Maggie (Chavafambira's wife) - as emblematic of the social relations of the other, racial(ised) bodies, and gender.

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30

Pitts, M., and H. Jackson. "Press coverage of AIDS in Zimbabwe: A five-year review." AIDS Care 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129308258603.

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31

Vos, T. "Attitudes to sex and sexual behaviour in rural Matabeleland, Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 6, no. 2 (March 1994): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129408258630.

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32

Dziro, Charles. "Challenges and Opportunities Experienced by Young Adults Transitioning Out of Informal Kinship-Based Foster Care in Bikita District, Zimbabwe." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696819870019.

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The desire to understand young adults’ transition into adulthood from informal kinship-based foster care has been growing. This article examines the challenges encountered by, and the opportunities available to, young adults as they transition from informal kinship-based foster care to independent living in the Bikita District of Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 young people who had left care and key informants. Data were analyzed using a thematic framework. Key findings included the young adults’ need for proper preparation in formal education, health, social welfare, and employment to ward off the challenges they face before they leave informal kinship-based foster care. The opportunities available to the young adults included cultural identity, social capital, and training in independent life skills within their kinship group. Recommendations are made for better preparation and support to young people transitioning out of informal kinship-based care in Zimbabwe.

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Busza, Joanna, Sibongile Mtetwa, Rumbidzo Mapfumo, Dagmar Hanisch, Ramona Wong-Gruenwald, and Frances Cowan. "Underage and underserved: reaching young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 28, sup2 (May 26, 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1176673.

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34

Wilson, D., P. Chiroro, S. Lavelle, and C. Mutero. "Sex worker, client sex behaviour and condom use in Harare, Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 1, no. 3 (July 1989): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540128908253032.

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35

Simmons, David Sean. "‘Healers’ understandings of indigenous names for HIV/AIDS in Harare, Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 21, no. 2 (February 2009): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120801982913.

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36

Eide, Arne H., Stanley Wilson Acuda, and Espen ROYsamb. "Cultural Orientation and Alcohol-Type Preferences among Adolescents in Four Sociocultural Subgroups in Zimbabwe." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29, no. 2 (March 1998): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022198292005.

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37

Pascoe, S. J. S., L. F. Langhaug, J. Durawo, G. Woelk, R. Ferrand, S. Jaffar, R. Hayes, and F. M. Cowan. "Increased risk of HIV-infection among school-attending orphans in rural Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 22, no. 2 (January 26, 2010): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903111528.

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38

Eide, Arne H., Stanley Wilson Acuda, Naira Khan, Leif E. Aaroe, and Mitch Elliott Loeb. "Combining cultural, social and personality trait variables as predictors for drug use among adolescents in Zimbabwe." Journal of Adolescence 20, no. 5 (October 1997): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1997.0106.

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39

Musiwa, Anthony Shuko. "Extent and Depth of Child Poverty and Deprivation in Zimbabwe: a Multidimensional Deprivation Approach." Child Indicators Research 13, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 885–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09656-0.

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40

Musiwa, Anthony Shuko. "How Has the Presence of Zimbabwe’s Victim-Friendly Court and Relevant Child Protection Policy and Legal Frameworks Affected the Management of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse in Zimbabwe? The Case of Marondera District." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 11 (May 8, 2018): 1748–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517752154.

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The study intended to assess, based on the perceptions of Victim-Friendly Court (VFC) professionals in Marondera District in Zimbabwe, how the presence of the VFC and relevant child protection policy and legal frameworks has affected the management of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA) in Zimbabwe. Sem-istructured questionnaires were administered to 25 professionals from 13 VFC agencies in Marondera, while one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 key informants who included five ICSA survivors and their respective five caregivers as well as five key community child protection committee members. All 40 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis, descriptive analysis, and document analysis. The study showed that the VFC manages ICSA through prevention, protection, treatment, and support interventions, and that its mandate is guided by key child protection policy and legal frameworks, particularly the National Action Plan for Orphaned and Vulnerable Children and the Children’s Act (Chapter 5:06). The presence of these mechanisms is perceived to have resulted in increased awareness of ICSA, realization of effective results, increased reporting of ICSA, and enhanced coordination among VFC agencies. However, the same frameworks are perceived to be fraught with gaps and inconsistencies, too prescriptive, incoherent with some key aspects of the National Constitution and international child rights standards, and poorly resourced for effective implementation. All this has negatively affected the management of ICSA. Therefore, the Government of Zimbabwe should consistently review these systems to make them responsive to the ever-evolving factors associated with ICSA. Also, alignment with the National Constitution, full domestication of global child rights instruments, and routine collection of better statistics for evidence-based policy- and decision-making, and for better monitoring of progress and evaluation of outcomes, are necessary for positive results. Non-governmental stakeholders too should chip in with human, technical, and financial resources to enhance effective management of the social problem.

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41

Hutchings, Jenna, and Joanne Potterton. "Developmental delay in HIV-exposed infants in Harare, Zimbabwe." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2013): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2013.778440.

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42

Coultas, Clare, Elena Broaddus, Catherine Campbell, Louise Andersen, Alice Mutsikiwa, Claud Madanhire, Connie Nyamukapa, and Simon Gregson. "Implications of Teacher Life–Work Histories for Conceptualisations of ‘Care’: Narratives from Rural Zimbabwe." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 26, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2265.

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43

Kang, M., M. Dunbar, S. Laver, and N. Padian. "Maternal versus paternal orphans and HIV/STI risk among adolescent girls in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 20, no. 2 (February 2008): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701534715.

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44

Alberts, C. J. "Growing up with HIV in Zimbabwe: one day this will all be over." AIDS Care 25, no. 12 (May 7, 2013): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.774318.

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45

Schaefer, Robin, Ranjeeta Thomas, Constance Nyamukapa, Rufurwokuda Maswera, Noah Kadzura, and Simon Gregson. "Accuracy of HIV Risk Perception in East Zimbabwe 2003–2013." AIDS and Behavior 23, no. 8 (December 19, 2018): 2199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2374-0.

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46

Wyrod, Robert, Katherine Fritz, Godfrey Woelk, Sheila Jain, Timothy Kellogg, Admire Chirowodza, Knox Makumbe, and Willi McFarland. "Beyond Sugar Daddies: Intergenerational Sex and AIDS in Urban Zimbabwe." AIDS and Behavior 15, no. 6 (September 2, 2010): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9800-2.

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47

Muridzo, Noel Garikai, and Victor Chikadzi. "Zimbabwe’s poverty and child sexual abuse." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.41.

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AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious scourge that affects all countries globally. While there are myriad factors contributing the prevalence of CSA in Zimbabwe, poverty is arguably one of the major underlying issues and root causes of most of these factors. Over the past two decades, Zimbabwe has gone through an unprecedented economic meltdown; fewer resources are being channelled towards child protection leading to the decline in standards of living for children. Consequently, children are left vulnerable to poverty which exposes them to the risk of CSA. This paper discusses a number of poverty-related factors that are contributing to CSA in Zimbabwe. A qualitative study approach was adopted, and data were collected from 38 participants and four key informants who were selected using theoretical and purposive sampling, respectively. In addition, 300 court files of CSA cases were also reviewed. Notwithstanding other circumstances leading to CSA, findings showed that poverty-related vulnerabilities, such as adverse living conditions, rurality, child labour and migration, exposed children to CSA. The paper ends by discussing the policy and social work practice implications and recommendations in view of the findings.

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FOSTER, G., C. MAKUFA, R. DREW, S. MASHUMBA, and S. KAMBEU. "Perceptions of children and community members concerning the circumstances of orphans in rural Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 9, no. 4 (August 1997): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713613166.

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Pitts, M., and H. Jackson. "AIDS and the press: An analysis of the coverage of AIDS by Zimbabwe newspapers." AIDS Care 1, no. 1 (January 1989): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540128908260238.

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Meekers, D. "Patterns of condom use in urban males in Zimbabwe: evidence from 4,600 sexual contacts." AIDS Care 15, no. 3 (June 2003): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000105351.

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