Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social re-integration'

A União Europeia depara-se com a falta de trabalhadores qualificados devido ao crescimento da idade média da sua população. Durante as últimas décadas, enquanto a América do Norte atraía muitos trabalhadores qualificados, a Europa era também um destino de imigração, mas devido à falta de uma política coerente de imigração muitos eram imigrantes ilegais que por sua vez não eram trabalhadores altamente qualificados. Tem havido muita pesquisa sobre a imigração na Europa e em Portugal, mas nenhuma focou o assunto da re-emigração de trabalhadores estrangeiros qualificados para fora de Portugal. O estudo que aqui se apresenta foca-se nos investigadores / académicos que vieram para Portugal por um período de tempo, e visa identificar os factores que levaram estes académicos a estabelecerem-se em Portugal ou a ir para um terceiro país. À medida que estes académicos vêm para Portugal para fazer as suas pesquisas para o seu Doutoramento e Pós-doutoramento eles são considerados trabalhadores qualificados, que podem ser um recurso útil para o mercado Português após terem terminado os seus estudos. Para executar esta pesquisa foi usado um questionário na web que foi aplicado a 46 académicos iranianos e indianos e foram feitas entrevistas aleatórias. O questionário possui uma grande variedade de questões que podem ser úteis para outros estudos similares. Através dos resultados deste estudo, foram revelados os principais factores que contribuíram para a tomada de decisão dos investigadores (estabelecerem-se em Portugal ou ir para um terceiro país). Estes factores ajudam na construção de um sistema de avaliação no que respeita à aceitação de imigrantes qualificados baseado naqueles que têm mais probabilidades de integração. ABSTRACT: The European Union is confronted to the lack of skilled workers due to the increasing of the average age of its population. During recent decades, while North America was attracting many skilled workers, Europe was also a destination for immigrants, but due to the lack of a consistent immigration policy, many of these were illegal immigrants and thus were not highly educated workers. Much research has been conducted about immigration in Europe and Portugal, but none has focused on the subject of re-emigration of non- Portuguese skilled workers out of Portugal. This study focuses on Iranian and Indian academics who have come to Portugal for a period of time, and attempts to identify the factors which impact on the decision of these academics to settle in Portugal or to re-emigrate to a third country. As these academics came to Portugal to do their PhD and post-doctoral research, they are considered skilled workers who can be a useful resource for the Portuguese market after finishing their studies. To carry out this research, a web-based questionnaire was used to investigate 46 Iranian and Indian academics and random interviews were conducted. The questionnaire covers a broad range of questions which can be useful for similar studies. From the results of this study the main factors contributing to the decision making of academics (to settle in Portugal or to re-emigrate to a third country) was revealed. These factors may help in the design of an evaluation system for accepting skilled immigrants in Portugal based on those who have more probability of integration.

‘Integration’ is often referred to in Swedish policy documents and analyzed by measures of effectivity and structural adjustment, assuming acculturation and essentialization of populations. This thesis explores how integration is practiced and defined within the context of professional adult education for newly arrived immigrants. The main case study focuses on Swedish for Professionals (SFX) and specifically, the Swedish for truck drivers (SFL) program as sites where the lifeworlds of teachers and students emerge as an actor-network of integrative forces. By relying on ethnographic methods including semi-structured interviews and participant observation the informants’ own narrative of entering society surfaces. Actor- network theory and community of practice theory lift the informants’ actions and accounts to assemble a community of integrators located within a network of integration. Tracing the voices, actions and interactions of the participants at SFX and SFL in particular, results in a contextual version of integration that relays their subjective experiences and explains the social and material processes involved in them ‘coming into society.’ The lived-in experiences of integration offered in this thesis both compares and contrasts to forms of integration offered in political and scholastic discussions.

Studien undersöker tidigare kriminellas upplevelser av problem, svårigheter att integreras i samhället efter avtjänat fängelsestraff och vad för strategier som tagits till för att öka möjligheten för återintegration. Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och har bestått av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem individer som avtjänat flera fängelsestraff och som i dag känner sig integrerade i samhället. Urvalet har varit av målinriktad urvalsteknik samt snöbollsurval där empirin analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat redogör för svårigheter i form av bostad, sysselsättning och känslor av utanförskap samt utmaningar som uppstår vid frigivning och vilket stöd som erhållits för att öka möjligheterna för integration. Omständigheterna som en individ befinner sig i och förutsättningarna som föreligger vid frigivning kan vara betydande för möjligheten till återintegration. Det stöd som erbjuds vid frigivning anses inte vara tillräckligt för att tillgodose den enskildes behov. I syfte att eventuellt kunna motverka återfall för individer som avtjänat ett fängelsestraff behöver socialt arbete sträva efter att arbeta individanpassad för att främja den enskilde individens behov i form av boende och sysselsättning. Detta i sin tur kan även resultera i att individens förutsättningar till återintegration i samhället ökar.
The study examines previous criminals’ experiences of problems, difficulties in integrating intosociety after serving a prison sentence and what strategies have been taken to increase the possibility of reintegration. The study is of a qualitative approach and has consisted of semi-structured interview with five individuals who have served several prison sentences and who today feel integrated in society. The selection has been of a goal-oriented selection technique and snowball selection where the empirical data has been analysed based on a qualitative content analysis. The results of the study report difficulties finding a place to live, getting an employment and feelings of exclusion, as well as challenges that arise upon release and the support received to increase the opportunities for integration. The circumstances in which the individual finds himself and the conditions that exist at release can be significant for the possibility of reintegration. Support offered upon release is not considered sufficient and does not considered meeting the needs of the individual. In order to be able to counteract recidivism for individuals who have served a prison sentence, social work needs to strive to work tailored to the individual in order to promote the individual’s needs in the form of a place to live and employment. This in turn can also result in the individual’s conditions for reintegration into society increasing.

The purpose of this project was to develop a program, explore potential funding sources, and complete a grant application to secure funding for an expressive arts showcase for clients at Homeboy Industries who have a criminal and gang-affiliated past, and are now attempting to re-integrate in their communities. Narrative therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, art therapy, and mindfulness may significantly ameliorate the conditions faced by this population, as well as the overall well-being of the community through a showcase of expressive arts composed and performed by the clients of Homeboy Industries. A search for potential funding sources led to The Goldhirsh Foundation as the most appropriate source for this grant. A grant proposal was written describing an expressive arts program for Homeboy Industries that will ultimately result in a showcase for community consumption. Actual submission and/or funding of the grant were not required for the successful completion of this project.

Teisti asmenys įvardijami kaip socialiai pažeidžiami, todėl išėjęs į laisvę tampa visuomenės problema: neturi darbo, būsto, jų išsilavinimas menkas, o artimieji dažnai nutraukia ryšius su buvusiais kaliniais. Neturintys išsilavinimo ar žemo išsilavinimo lygio asmenys patiria daugiau sunkumų integruojantis į darbo rinką, o dalyvavimas visuomeniniame gyvenime būna apribotas. Dažnai, nesulaukę tinkamos pagalbos, marginalinei grupei priskiriami asmenys, įvykdo naują nusikaltimą, sugrįžta į kalėjimą ir taip uždaras ratas sukasi toliau. Labai svarbu Pataisos įstaigose nuteistiesiems įgyti pradinį, pagrindinį ir profesinį išsilavinimą, išsaugoti turimus darbo įgūdžius, įgyti naujų, paklausių darbo rinkoje profesijų, ugdyti motyvaciją keistis. Nuteistųjų edukacinė veikla ir įvairaus pobūdžio užsiėmimai PI yra labai svarbus faktorius, dažnai lemiantis sėkmingą integracijos į visuomenę procesą.
Education of convicts in correctional institutions should become a relevant issue to all society because a negative attitude towards ex-convicts, which has been prevailing for many years, often turns against the society itself. The ex-convict becomes a problem of the society due to subjective and objective reasons, i.e. he/she is unemployed, does not have a dwelling place, he/she has poor education and rather often the relatives of the ex-convict terminate their relations with him/her. Moreover, the psychological state of the ex-prisoner is unstable due to which the situation becomes even more complicated.

Sociologists of punishment generally agree that the American prison exacerbates social inequality, but the mechanisms by which it does so remain somewhat fuzzy. This thesis pulls from the tradition of Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), a canonical theorist of power and inequality, and specifically his three "thinking tools" of field, capital, and habitus, to unveil these mechanisms. Empirically, I turn to ethnographic data I collected in a minimum-security men's prison that is generally reserved for convicts who will be released to one of the three most populated counties in Oregon. I explore how soon-to-be-released prisoners (i.e., prisoners who will be released within six months) understand and prepare for their exit. Data suggest most prisoners approaching release want to adopt an honest working class style of living, and that many take proactive steps they perceive as likely to increase their chances of accessing this lifestyle (sometimes called the "straight life"). However, I argue that any (re)integrative potential emerging from these conscious and interest-oriented strategies are at risk of being trumped by two processes I title "capital erosion" and "habitus adjustment." I frame these as unintended, but nevertheless strong, consequences of imprisonment. Ultimately, I suggest imprisonment worsens existing patterns of inequality by means of draining power from the nearly powerless and disintegrating the poorly integrated.

The central thesis of the study is that social and economic policy are two sides of the same coin and that at the heart of any functional regional integration is the recognition of this dualism. The study takes a critical look at the debate vis-a-vis, trade, investment and labour and its implication for occupational health and safety standards for developing countries. Regional integration among developing countries is part of a wider strategy to promote equitable growth and not an end in itself. The thesis contends that effective regional integration for SADC will increase competition, reduce private transaction costs, and enable firms to exploit economies of scale, encourage inward foreign direct investment and facilitate macroeconomic policy coordination. Through out the thesis the author maintains that regional groupings must be open towards the world market in the sense of keeping tariffs at a level that does not encourage trade diversion. They should not attempt a form of regional autarky that has led to past failures. Open regionalism complements unilateral liberalisation. Without regional coherence, unilateral liberalisation may imply negative spill-over effects. A regionally coherent liberalisation strategy will cushion the shocks of adjustment to a global economy. The high adjustment cost of unilateral liberalisation has been a cause of policy reversal in the region in the past. The discussion is set against a background of possible tensions between social and economic policy and priorities and attempts to indicate that in real terms there is no conflict rather only complimentarity exists. It submits that, it is the understanding of this relationship that is often wanting. The study is set in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It traces SADC's social and economic policy in historical context in an attempt to diagnose the problem. Although the findings and conclusion of the study may not be representative of developing countries generally and geographically specific, they do illuminate some of the regulatory dilemmas developing countries face in their endeavours to dock themselves to the global economy and the task of complying with norms and standards obtaining therein. The thesis proposes a policy formula that recognises the dualism of social and economic policy in SADC's integration programme. This is premised on the assertion that economic gains of integration are likely to be wiped out by adverse social effects of economic integration if the social considerations are subordinated to the economic concerns for integration. A holistic approach to regulation, promotion and reconciliation of potentially completing social and economic priorities is proposed involving civil society and social partners (state, employers and employees). Background Globalisation of the world trading system and economic order is revolutionizing and redefining traditional legal borders and has raised the need for sector specific legislation to respond to specific complexities in particular areas, while on the whole the dynamic nature of modern economic activities give way to a need for an evolutionary regulatory system that could swiftly respond to changes in the world of work. It can not be disputed that general labour law could in a majority of cases be unsuitable to the day to day occupational health and safety problems. The same could be said of the health and safety law in general, vis-d-vis, sector specific health and safety issues. This is not to suggest that government should legislate for everything, as that would be an impossible task. However as a starting point, there is need for a framework legislation that would give guidance and leadership in as far as health and safety management is concerned. The process of globaliation 11 has brought another dimension to the problem. There is a global dimension which demands a global or a multifaceted approach to regulation of occupational health and safety standards involving government and its social partners. Unfortunately in most cases the law has not kept pace with socioeconomic changes. In such a scenario, in pursuit of corporate profit and foreign direct investment, worker welfare sufferes and unscrupulous businessmen exploit state systems while governments do little towards the welfare of the workforce. Multinational corporations with sophisticated networks working in developing countries and transitional economies have at times managed to escape effective regulation with adverse consequences for the workforce, the environment and the public in general. As the opposition to linkage rages on, the quest for effective management of health and safety standards remains a contentious issue. What role can the economics of occupational health and safety standards and practices play in SADC's regional integration and how can economic forces can be brought to bear on the social regulation of the market? Can SADC as a regional bloc press on with a social and economic programme that makes it attractive as an investment destination whilst minimizing adverse social effects of the process? In view of the complex nature of the issues involved, the sheer scale of financial and human capital required and the supranational nature of the problem, a supranational approach to the problem is ideal. This thesis advocates the dualism of social and economic policy and its interplay in regional integration. The thesis finds that the problem in the past has been a policy misconception. There was a misplaced hope. that economic progress would naturally translate into social progress. In this formula social policy was to evolve as a by-product ot economic policy, which has proved to be wrong. The study argues that social and economic policies are two sides of the same coin. It displaces the World Trade Organisation's argument or reluctance to link labour with trade and investment. The central argument is that the international trading community can not only be interested in 'products' and ignore the 'production process'. The author uses SADC as a microcosm of the global political economy and places the discussion in that context.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JustinoRamosNetto.pdf: 712629 bytes, checksum: f390a828f5544c4eec6493ad95c5f0e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26
nenhum
This present study aims to look at the importance of the right to education of prisoners in relation to the criminal procedural norms granted by the Brazilian constitution which guarantees universal access to basic education. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that education of prisoners make them less likely to re-offend because it facilitates their re-integration to their community at the end of their prison sentences. As a consequence, the whole society can benefit from the implementation of the right of education of prisoners. The method of study employed involved the analysis of other research and references addressing the problem of education of prisoners in Brazil, the analysis of the constitutional rules and of criminal proceedings in the past and present time, giving a historical view of the evolution of criminal procedural laws in Brazil. Moreover, this research investigates some models of public administration which put into practice education polices and techniques as a means to integrate prisoners in society. Finally, it highlights the need to support the agents who will be directly dealing with the education of prisoners and offers alternatives
O presente trabalho acadêmico busca estudar a importância do direito à educação dos presos e as conseqüentes perspectivas das normas processuais penais e de execução penal em relação a esse direito constitucionalmente previsto pela Constituição brasileira. Afirma a importância, no atual Estado Democrático de Direito, de obedecer aos ditames da Constituição Federal de fornecer indistintamente a qualquer pessoa o direito à educação fundamental. Desenvolve, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, estudos acerca da educação na norma constitucional brasileira atual e suas raízes históricas, bem como sua interligação com o direito processual penal e de execução penal, além de discorrer sobre a própria evolução dos princípios do direito processual penal na Constituição brasileira vigente. Busca apontar os fins do processo penal e a necessidade da plena observância do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana em relação à educação, demonstrando, ainda, como é importante educar os prisioneiros que estão atualmente descontando pena privativa de liberdade em regime fechado, para com isto facilitar a sua ressocialização. Estuda as decisões jurisprudenciais e seus embasamentos teóricos em relação ao instituto da remição pelo estudo e sua aplicabilidade em face do ordenamento jurídico. Aponta a necessidade de fornecer integral apoio às condições de acesso à educação do preso como finalidade de agir das políticas públicas na melhoria da sociedade, pautada pelos princípios da igualdade e da legalidade que constituem verdadeiros requisitos para a existência do Estado Democrático de Direito. Indica, ainda, o presente trabalho acadêmico a real importância da educação do preso como forma de prevenção criminal, inclusive com a diminuição da reincidência no crime

The rapidly changing Canadian mosaic compels the educational system to devise new and unique means to address the needs of a heterogeneous student and teacher populace emerging from varied cultural, linguistic, social and pedagogical contexts. Considerable work recommends the creation of an inclusive environment for immigrant students; sparse discourse considers the needs of immigrant teachers in a mainstream K-12 setting. The majority of discussions and discourses on immigrant teacher acculturation study the needs and challenges this diverse group of teachers has to contend with inside the environs of a Canadian classroom. This study extends these initial discourses to include the macrocosmic challenges faced by immigrant teachers by analyzing the lived experiences of immigrant teachers who have successfully established their place in the Manitoba educational system. Using a critical lens, the study endeavors to analyze the role of social capital in the integration experiences of immigrant educators in Manitoba.

Consideration of the significance of religious institutions in the experience of immigrant settlement is, at best, marginalized in immigration and church history literature. The limited amount of research that has been carried out is limited in time frame and/or by its lack of consideration of the wider social service functions of the church. It is rarely recognized that for new immigrants, churches can function as critical access routes to the host society or as protective cultural communities. Churches provide stability in unfamiliar territory through the creation of a sense of community, a sense of place and an extended family of support. This research seeks to understand how the church has served the German ethnic and immigrant community; how the church has aided cultural preservation as well as immigrant integration; and finally, how some churches have re-defined themselves in the face of member 'assimilation,' generational changes and neighbourhood transition. For some churches, their mission has been extended beyond their original German ethnic community to local neighbourhood residents, predominantly of Asian origin. Unstructured interviews with over twenty-five church leaders from ten German ethnic churches in Vancouver suggest that for many immigrants, the church provided stability and acted as a centre of social networks through which, for example, employment and housing were found. However, the position of the church in maintaining culture is significantly more complex; often dependent upon various factors including church age and the histories of immigrant congregations. This research demonstrates that churches have significant but generally unrecognized impacts on the immigrant settlement experience and that ethnic churches can, but do not necessarily, play supportive roles in maintaining culture. Churches that have recognized the social changes impacting their congregations have found new models of mission to integrate new immigrant communities.

Tese de doutoramento em Pós-colonialismo e Cidadania Global, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra
Esta tese de doutoramento pretende oferecer um contributo para complexificar os debates em torno dos processos de (re)construção da angolanidade, ou seja, de uma identidade nacional angolana. Um tema que tanto inspirou como desafiou os vários movimentos nacionalistas que se envolveram na luta pela independência de Angola e que, assim como outras heranças coloniais, transcendeu a conquista da soberania e da autonomia angolanas. Percebendo que a questão da legitimidade do pertencimento de pessoas não negras – nomeadamente indivíduos que, devido ao seu fenótipo ou suas características somáticas, são corriqueiramente descritos em Angola como ‘brancos’, ‘claros’, ‘cabritos’, ‘mestiços’ e ‘mulatos’ – à comunidade imaginada angolana continua a ser uma matéria sensível no presente, ao longo deste trabalho procurei recuperar os processos que informaram e/ou ainda informam as (re)construções identitárias dos/as angolanos/as de ascendência portuguesa. Quando o império colonial português chegou ao fim, em meados da década de 1970, Angola possuía a segunda maior população branca de todo o continente africano. Conquistada a independência de Angola, que lugares foram ocupados pelos ex-colonos portugueses e seus descendentes nascidos em território angolano? Partindo de uma perspectiva pós-colonial situada cujo enfoque recai sobre o processo de (des)colonização de Angola e o modo como as práticas e os discursos característicos do colonialismo português impregnaram os regimes identitários nas sociedades que dele participaram, tanto durante o período colonial como depois da independência das colônias (Santos, 2002), esta tese apresenta uma proposta de análise das múltiplas negociações culturais, sociais, econômicas e políticas associadas aos vários processos de (re)construção identitária e (re)inserção social vivenciados por angolanos/as de ascendência portuguesa, no novo país depois de conquistada a independência e/ou na antiga metrópole onde muitos buscaram refúgio durante a longa guerra civil angolana.
This doctoral thesis aims to offer a contribution in order to complexify the debates around the processes of (re)construction of Angolanity, that is an Angolan national identity. A topic that both inspired and challenged the various nationalist movements that were involved in the fight for the independence of Angola and, more than this, a subject that, like other colonial heritages, transcended the conquest of Angola’s sovereignty and autonomy. Understanding that the question of non-black people’s (including individuals routinely described in Angola as 'white', 'claros', 'cabritos', 'mestizos' and 'mulatto' because of their phenotype or their somatic characteristics) legitimacy of membership of the Angolan imagined community remains a sensitive issue in the present, throughout this work I sought to recover the processes that informed and / or inform the (re)construction of identity of the Angolan who are Portuguese descent too. When the Portuguese colonial empire ended in the mid-1970s, Angola had the second largest white population of the entire African continent. With the independence of Angola, which places were occupied by the former Portuguese settlers and their descendants born in Angola? From a situated postcolonial perspective, whose focus is on the process of (de)colonization of Angola and how the practices and discourses characteristic for the Portuguese colonialism permeated the identity regimes in the societies that participated, both during the colonial period as the independence of the colonies (Santos, 2002), this thesis presents a proposal for analysis of the multiple cultural, social, economic and political negotiations associated with the various processes of identity (re)construction and (re)integration experienced by the Angolans of Portuguese descent in the new country after independence and / or in the former metropolis where many sought refuge during the long Angolan civil war.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – referência SFRH/BD/64059/2009

Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impato do Projeto Incluir (PI) – programa municipal de ação social no Município de Castelo de Paiva, socorrendo-se da metodologia de análise de implementação de Mendes (2006). Pretende-se avaliar qual o impato que o PI teve nos beneficiários, na comunidade e nas relações interinstitucionais e, paulatinamente, no desenvolvimento do próprio concelho. Foram abordados alguns conceitos teóricos, nomeadamente pobreza, exclusão social e fatores associados a estes, municípios, territorialidade, parceria e intervenção ao nível local, com o intuito de fundamentar as hipóteses de trabalho da presente dissertação, nomeadamente o impacto e a eficácia que este projeto teve sobre as competências pessoais, sociais e profissionais dos beneficiários, assim como ao nível da empregabilidade e isolamento social. Fizemos uma análise ao PI na totalidade dos diversos anos de vigoração (2006 – 2011) em termos de execução/avaliação. Por disponibilidade de dados, e de acordo com pressupostos definidos, centramos a nossa análise numa amostra de 117 pessoas (estiveram integradas no PI durante a sua vigência). Concluímos que o PI teve um impato positivo na amostra e agregados familiares e, paulatinamente, no território, rentabilizando recursos endógenos e parcerias através de respostas individualizadas e sistémicas. Não obstante, o projeto em causa também tem limitações que se correlacionam com restrições orçamentais, parcerias mal definidas, inoperacionais e dificuldades em alguns beneficiários em apreender o projeto como uma ferramenta potenciadora de mudanças sociais e construção de novos projetos de vida.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of ‘Include Project’, a social-action driven Municipal program in Castelo de Paiva, supported by the methodology of analysis of Mendes’ (2006) methodology. The goal is to evaluate the 'Include Project’s' impact within the beneficiaries, the community and on the inter-institutional relations, and, gradually, its influence on the County’s development. To evaluate this impact there has been a study of some theoretical concepts, such as poverty, social exclusion (and factors associated to them), municipalities, territoriality, partnership and some local intervention, trying to fundament the work opportunities of this dissertation, such as the impact and effectiveness that this project had upon the personal, social and professional skills of the beneficiaries, as well as the employability and social isolation. We have analyzed the “PI” on its entirety over the years (2006 - 2011) and the various actions related to its execution / evaluation. By data availability, and according to our own defined assumptions, we focused our analysis on a 117 people sample that has been on the project throught its duration. Based in our sample we have concluded that “Include Project” had a great impact within our individuals and their households, and gradually, also on the analyzed territory, maximizing local resources and partnerships by individual and systemic responses. Nevertheless, this project also has some limitations correlated with budgetary restrictions, inoperable and ill-defined partnerships and some obvious difficulties were experienced by some beneficiaries on apprehending the project as a tool to enhance social change and to build new life projects.

The context for this study is a community based organization known as the National Youth Development Outreach (YDO) in Eersterust, Pretoria. This organization caters primarily for adolescents who are in conflict with the law who have been referred to YDO by the courts. YDO offers what is known as the Adolescent Development Programme as a means of social rehabilitation. This programme is based on what is known as the Circle of Courage which has its origins in the Native American approach to child rearing. This Circle of Courage has four components, namely, Belonging, Mastery, Independence and Generosity. Music therapy was introduced at the National Youth development Outreach in January 2003. My interest in the work of music therapy within this context gave rise to this dissertation. My aim in this study is to explore how music therapy can contribute to the Adolescent Development Programme and, in particular, how the Circle of Courage can inform the goals and practice of music therapy. In addition I wish to explore how music therapy practice needs to adapt in order to be relevant within such a context. The study is conducted within the qualitative research paradigm and thus seeks not to prove one single truth. This explorative study is conducted in a naturalistic setting. Data collection is in the form of a semi structured interview with 3 personnel members from the organization, clinical session notes and video recorded excerpts from two music therapy sessions. The clinical session notes form the basis of a description of the music therapy process at YDO from January to June 2003 and work with an individual client. These descriptions serve to contextualize the semi structured interview and video excerpts. The data are coded categorized and organized into themes. These themes highlight the social context in which YDO is situated which includes the individual, the organization and the community. The data highlights the primacy of the Circle of Courage within this specific context. Music as a tool for communication as well as a barometer of relationship is also discussed. This forms the basis for addressing the two research questions. This discussion focuses on the role of the Circle of Courage in informing the goals of music therapy through considering this at a conceptual level as well as viewing clinical improvisation through the lens of the Circle of Courage. The response to the second research question is from the premise of community therapy and considers the possibility of a wider application of music therapy in such a context. Music therapy is in its infancy in South Africa, especially with this client group. I am unaware of any published literature of music therapy work with adolescents in conflict with the law. Whilst this study has focused on a very small part of the whole, my hope is that it will stimulate further thinking and research about music therapy with this client group and will contribute to a broader body of knowledge.
Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Music
unrestricted

Thesis (M.Arch. (Prof.))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning, 2012.
Over 800 000 people access and commute through Johannesburg Inner City every single day. (JDA, 2009) Out of this, a certain group of people enter the city with every intention to fi nd permanent residency and work within the city. They mostly come from afar, rural or semi-rural areas and often from neighbouring countries. Unfortunately, with the continuously changing urban environment, it can be an incredibly difficult process to adapt to alone. As such, this can be the best time and the worst time of their lives, fi lled with mixed emotions of excitement, disappointment, fear and anticipation. This is the time where one may manage to truly live life, or end up surviving it. The sudden change in lifestyle, security, social and economic conditions, entertainment and habitat can create situations where the very best will fail in their quest to improve their lives and fall into degenerate lives of crime and despair from which very few will emerge stronger. As I see it, architecture is the science of building, in terms of not only visually inspiring structures but more importantly, structures that can improve the lives of people whilst preserving the environment and assisting in the building of a stronger economy and moral fi bre. I believe that architecture is at the root of civilization itself. However, due to a multitude of varying levels of control implemented into the urban realm of Johannesburg’s Inner City, in order to ensure this change, it appears that parts of the physical environment are being distorted to accept a selected group of city inhabitants, leaving the marginalised group to fend for themselves. In saying this, there thus appears to be a new form of segregation occurring within the city. As such, the social and physical environments are beginning to lose a certain key characteristic of what a city should be – spirit and integration between all of its parts. This thesis therefore investigates a design that strives to create a bridge between Johannesburg’s Inner City and the formal environments where new city-dwellers can fi nd respite and are assisted to achieve their goals without succumbing to the pitfalls that would otherwise await them. The design will ensure that the transition between these new-comers’ old and new lifestyles and surroundings is as painless as possible allowing them to reach their full potential quickly and hopefully removing the risk that they may become a burden to themselves and society. This thesis will focus on the construct of a 21st century interpretation of Godin’s familistère, not necessarily in its structural make up but rather in its funding, management and programmatic structure to fulfi l its mission in a sustainable manner as well as the new idea of connecting these factors into the ‘bigger picture’. (Benevolo, 1971) This thesis will address the fundamentals of target group, services provided, training, temporary living accommodation, optimal time of stay, work ethics, funding and most importantly, the spatial framework required for such integration to occur. The results of this thesis will culminate in a full-scale detailed design of such a construct and propose how it could be achieved spatially for the direct benefi t of those individuals, as well as the indirect effect it could have on the physical make-up of Johannesburg’s Inner City.

Text in English
The issue of offenders’ re-integration has become an important topic to the Department of Correctional Services in South Africa due to high number of incarcerated individuals who need to return back into the society as law abiding citizens. Around the world, scholars have researched about offenders’re- integration. However, they tend to focus on adult ex-offenders, neglecting young adult male ex-offenders’ experiences of the family re-entry process. Scholars neglected that the consequences of being incarcerated at a young age (age 19-34) puts young people at overwhelming risks of future incarceration, unemployment, poor physical and mental health. Therefore, this study focused on seven young adult male ex-offenders in Sekhukhune district, aged between 24 and 34 years who returned to their families after incarceration. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and volunteer self-selection sampling, through the assistance of Tswelopele Ex-Offenders Forums in Sekhukhune area. This study explored, described and interpreted the meaning, benefits, challenges and coping strategies of the young adult males in regard to their family re-entry processes. This goal was achieved by adopting the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) research design and conducting individual semi-structured interviews with the young adult ex-offenders. The IPA data analysis guidelines were followed to analyse data and the Person-environment (P-E) fit theory grounded this analysis as the emerging themes were further interpreted in light of the assumptions of this theory. The findings show that the process of family re-entry was an emotional rollercoaster for the young men concerning moving forward post their incarceration. They specifically experienced different moments of ambivalence, which was due to reuniting with family members on the one hand, but having to rely on family members for support, on the other hand. While being back in the family led to emotions of happiness and satisfaction, not being able to meet their family expectations and to perform the roles expected of people of their age led to various negative emotions, including sadness and anxiety.
Psychology
M.A. (Research Consultation (Psychology))

Southern Somalia is currently facing a massive influx of returning refugees, particularly from the Dadaab refugee complex in Northern Kenya. The majority settle in the war-torn city of Kismayo, which significantly increases the demand for goods and access to basic services. Based on research conducted in Kenya between February and March 2020 in cooperation with GIZ, this study examines the status of social and economic (re)integration of returnees in Kismayo while identifying key challenges. Although voluntary repatriation of refugees to their country of origin is proclaimed by UNHCR and host countries as the preferred durable solution to the “refugee crisis” questions of return and (re)integration remain an area of scarce research. Return is associated with “homecoming”, a supposedly uncomplicated event that re-creates a shattered natural bond between returnees and their former social and economic roles and territories. Such simplistic assumptions are misleading and do not adequately reflect the subjective decision-making processes of refugees and the complexity of (re)integration processes. To test the hypothesis that a lack of human security in Kismayo prevents a sustainable (re-)integration of returnees, a survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The respondents included governmental representatives, the international community, and returnees themselves. Not only five aspects of human security (education, economy, environment, food and water, and community security) but also individual motivations of returnees were examined. This paper places the challenges of (re)integration into a larger theoretical framework, concluding that despite the efforts and best intentions, Kismayo does not yet offer the necessary conditions for large-scale return.
Actualmente, no sul da Somália observa-se um afluxo maciço de refugiados que regressam ao país, particularmente desde os campos de Dadaab, no Norte do Quénia. A grande maioria estabelece-se na cidade de Kismayo, devastada pela guerra, aumentando significativamente a procura de bens e o acesso a serviços básicos. Com base em investigação realizada no Quénia entre Fevereiro e Março de 2020 em cooperação com a GIZ, este estudo analisa os processos de (re)integração social e económica dos retornados em Kismayo, procurando identificar também os principais desafios. Embora o repatriamento voluntário de refugiados seja tido pela UNHCR e países de acolhimento como a solução duradoura mais desejável, são escassos os estudos que abordam os processos de regresso e (re)integração. O repatriamento é associado ao "regresso a casa", o que suspostamente recriaria um conjunto de vínculos naturais, entre os regressados e os seus antigos territórios, posições sociais e económicas. Estes pressupostos simplistas são enganadores e não reflectem adequadamente os processos subjectivos de decisão dos refugiados e a complexidade dos processos de (re)integração. Para compreender se a falta de segurança humana em Kismayo impede uma (re)integração sustentável dos retornados, foi realizado um inquérito e entrevistas semi-estruturadas tendo como interlocutores refugiados/regressados e staff humanitário. Os inquiridos incluíam representantes governamentais, a comunidade internacional e os próprios repatriados. Foram examinados cinco aspectos da segurança humana (educação, economia, ambiente, alimentação e água, e segurança comunitária), bem como as motivações individuais dos regressados. Este documento analisa os desafios da (re)integração a partir de um quadro teórico mais amplo, constatando que as condições em Kismayo não são actualmente as mais propícias ao retorno em grande escala.

This thesis investigates children’s experience of psychosocial and emotional support of (non-parental) caregivers in residential facilities in preparation for their re-integration into family based care. The thesis urges that successful preparation of ‘street children’ for re-integration into family based care requires professional psychosocial and emotional support.The author uses Bowlby’s attachment theory as well as Rogers’ humanistic theory of a therapeutic relationship to articulate children’s needs for emotional care on account of their varied experiences from the street life and/ or life before the street – some of which are traumatic in nature. Key concepts in Rogers’ humanistic approach including congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard are identified to be central in a caregiver-client relationship in order to achieve positive effects. In order to study this preparation phase for children’s re-integration, interviews with (former) street children, caregivers, management personnel at the Uganda-based institution "Retrak" (which focuses on the work with highly vulnerable children) as well as administrative personnel of Uganda's Gender, Labour and Social Development Ministry have been conducted. The analysis of the interviews showed that the aspects of time, trust and therapeutic relationship are seen by the caregivers as well as by the former street children as relevant factor for preparation of successful re-integration. Only by sufficient inclusion of these aspects, children are enabled to overcome traumatic experiences and build a strong and open relationship with the caregivers. This again is the basis for the children's self-actualization and empowerment to overcome potential barriers, which hinder re-integration. However, the interviews have shown that several factors inhibit the full inclusion of the relevant factors time, trust and therapeutic relationship in the work with the children (e.g. lack of expert personnel to work with highly traumatized children, understaffing, underfinancing, problems in creating trust relationships with children who do not open up towards the social workers). Therefore, the thesis concludes with recommendations, how these obstacles could be overcome, providing for better re-integration results.

This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.