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1
Mahoney, Charles. Romantics and renegades: The poetics of political reaction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
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2
Time discounting and future generations: The harmful effects of an untrue economic theory. Westport, Conn: Quorum, 1997.
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3
Busacca, Maurizio, and Roberto Paladini. Collaboration Age. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-424-0.
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Recently, public policies of urban regeneration have intensified and multiplied. They are being promoted with the aim to start social and economic dynamics within the local context which is subject to intervention. From the empirical analysis, we realise that such activities are mainly implemented by three subjects or by mixed coalitions (public institutions, actors of the third sector and companies). Within them, each player is moved by a multiplicity of interests and goals that go beyond their own nature – public interest, market and mutualism – and tend to redefine themselves, thus becoming hybrid forms of production of value (social, economic, cultural). By studying a number Italian and Catalan cases, this essay deals with the theory that, under specific conditions and configurations, a collaborative direction – of organization, production and design – would give life to successful procedures, even without the identification of a one-best-way. The collaboration is not simply a choice of operation, but a real production method which mobilises social resources to create hybrid solutions – between state, market and society – to complex issues that could not be faced solely with the use of the rationale of action of one among the three actors. In this framework, the systems of relations and interactions between players and shared capital become an essential condition for the success of every initiative of urban redevelopment, or failure thereof. Such initiatives are brought to life by the strategic role of individuals who foster connections as well as the dissemination of non-redundant information between social networks, and collective and individual actors which would otherwise be separated and barely able to communicate and collaborate with each other. In addition to the functions carried out by knowledge brokers, that have been extensively described in organisational studies and economic sociology, the aforementioned figures act as real social enzymes, that is to say, they handle the available information and function as catalysts of social processes of production of knowledge. Moreover, they increase the reaction speed, working on mechanisms which control the spontaneity.
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Kalmykov, Sergey, and Nikolay Pashin. Social advertising: designing effective interaction with the target audience. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23289.
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The monograph analyzes the possibility of managing the process of socio-advertising influence on socio-demographic groups. The developed methodological bases with the use of the multivariate paradigmatic status of sociological knowledge allowed us to form: principles of designing social advertising interaction, factors of efficiency (quality) of social advertising, a system of sociological quality assurance of social advertising.
Insufficiently studied problems of efficiency and quality of social advertising are investigated. The coefficients of the importance of its efficiency factors (quality) are established. Stable interrelations of social advertising influence at the level of revealed correlation coefficients of behavioral reactions of various categories of target audience with their characteristics are proved. The results obtained are summarized in the developed model of behavior of the target audience on the basis of social advertising interaction, and the content modules of the mechanism of controllability of the specified process are proposed.
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Vasterman, Peter, ed. From Media Hype to Twitter Storm. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982178.
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The word media hype is often used as rhetorical argument to dismiss waves of media attention as overblown, disproportional and exaggerated. But these explosive news waves, as well as - nowadays - the twitter storms, are object of scientific research, because they are an important phenomenon in the public area. Sometimes it is indeed 'much ado about nothing' but in many cases these media storms have play an important role in political issues, scandals and crises. Twitter storms sometimes ruin reputations within hours. Although different concepts are used, such as media hypes, news waves, media storms, information cascades or risk amplification, all the studies in this book refer to the same process in which key events trigger a chain of reactions and interactions, building up huge news waves in the media or rapidly spreading social epidemics in the social media. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of this important topic. It is not only interesting for scholars and students in media and journalism, but also for professionals in PR and communication, crisis communication and reputation management.
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Pearce, Jenny, ed. Child Sexual Exploitation: Why Theory Matters. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447351412.001.0001.
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The issue of child sexual exploitation (CSE) is firmly in the public spotlight internationally and in the UK, but just how well is it understood? To date, many CSE-related services have been developed in reaction to high profile cases rather than being designed more strategically. This book breaks new ground by considering how psychosocial, feminist and geo-environmental theories, amongst others, can improve practice understanding and interventions. It makes the case for a more thoughtful approach to CSE prevention and a greater use of different theoretical perspectives in the development and delivery of strategies and interventions. The book is an essential text for students and those planning strategic interventions and practice activities in social, youth and therapeutic work with young people, as it supports understanding of how CSE arises and how to challenge the nature of the abuse.
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Romantics and Renegades: The Poetics of Political Reaction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
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8
Innes, Martin, and Helen Innes. Signal Crimes, Social Reactions, and the Future of Environmental Criminology. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.11.
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This chapter examines the precepts associated with the signal crimes perspective (SCP). It begins by setting out that a signal is something that transmits messages to an audience. Thinking in terms of signals and “signaling” opens up new ways of seeing crime, disorder, and social control. In particular, it keys into an event-based unit of analysis, as opposed to measuring impacts in an aggregated form. Having laid out the conceptual apparatus of the SCP, the discussion proceeds on to briefly consider how SCP compares with more established criminological frameworks for studying reactions to and consequences of crime. The latter sections of the chapter focus on the ways that changes to the information environment, associated with an era of “big data” and social media, are altering the incidents that signal and how their impacts travel across space and time.
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Swann, Julian. Emptying the Chamber Pot. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0009.
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In popular fiction and many scholarly works, courtiers are represented as masters of the art of dissimulation, cynical and self-serving, ready to turn their backs on anyone who has lost royal favour. This chapter challenges those assumptions by looking at the reaction of family groups and wider networks of friendship or clientele to disgrace. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, families rose and fell as a kinship group, and when confronted by the disgrace of one of their members the collective response was to rally in order to save social, financial, and political status. Friendship too proved far more durable than the stereotype of the courtier might lead us to predict, and by examining the conventions, theory, and actual practice of friendship in times of adversity this chapter offers new insight into noble sociability.
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Goode, Erich. The Taming of New York's Washington Square. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479878574.001.0001.
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This book addresses the matter of how social audiences, both formal agents of social control (the NYPD and the Park Enforcement Control) and the ordinary, everyday park-goer, react when they encounter what they consider wrongdoing, or “deviance.” The focus is on the micro or face-to-face interactional level; the larger structural forces are held in abeyance and assumed to operate, but they are not analysed or accounted for here. Likewise, literary and philosophical speculations as well as considering political and ideological implications have been left to other analysts. What constitutes deviance in an unconventional public setting remains the central issue throughout the volume. Visitors to the park—one that is known for celebrating difference and diversity—observe behaviour or utterances by an actor or a speaker in their presence that, they feel goes too far in violating their sense of acceptable norms. What do they do? How do they sanction the offender? The analysis in this book presents the reader with a series of anecdotes—events or episodes observed or statements overheard by the researcher that audiences, judging by their reactions, consider untoward. The action-reaction-interaction dynamics constitutes the lodestone of this volume. Washington Square Park is a “text”; this book represents a sociological “reading” of that text.
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van Kleef, Gerben. Emotions as Agents of Social Influence. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.19.
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Emotion is part and parcel of social influence. The emotions people feel shape the ways in which they respond to persuasion attempts, and the emotions people express influence other individuals who observe those expressions. This chapter is concerned with the latter type of emotional influence. Such interpersonal effects of emotional expressions are quite different from the traditionally studied intrapersonal effects of emotional experience. This calls for a new theoretical approach that is dedicated specifically to understanding the interpersonal effects of emotional expressions. I summarize emotions as social information (EASI) theory, which posits that emotional expressions shape social influence by triggering affective reactions and/or inferential processes in observers, depending on the observer’s information processing and the perceived appropriateness of the emotional expression. I review supportive evidence from various domains of social influence, including negotiation, leadership, attitude change, compliance, and conformity in groups. Differences and commonalities with traditional intrapersonal frameworks are discussed.
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Zimmermann, Katharina. Local Policies and the European Social Fund. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346517.001.0001.
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In the context of an ‘activation turn’ in many European welfare states, the local level gained increasing relevance in the last decades and brought local social policies and national employment policies more closely together. At the same time, at the European level the European Social Fund (ESF) made a career from an unconditional simple financing instrument towards a complex governance tool; meant to back up European social and employment policies in close combination with tools such as reporting or benchmarking. Greater coordination of domestic policies in social and employment policies, where the EU had no regulative competences, was sought to be achieved via ‘bypass strategies’ which directly focused on the subnational implementation systems of the member states. Against the backdrop of these scenarios, the book is interested in the actual role of the ESF in local activation policies. It wants to know how local social and employment policy fields react to the ESF, what shapes their reactions, and what the effects of these reactions are in terms of change in local policy fields. By drawing on both sociologists’ and political scientists’ literature, the book develops a unique perspective on the role of supranational money at the local level. By comparing comprehensive qualitative data from 18 local case studies in six European countries (Sweden, France, Poland, UK, Italy, and Germany) and deploying an innovative mixed-method approach, the book provides rich insights into a field where so far comparative qualitative research is missing.
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Easterbrook, Matthew J. The social psychology of economic inequality. 43rd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/981-5.
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In this review, I provide an overview of the literature investigating the social psychology of economic inequality, focusing on individuals’ understandings, perceptions, and reactions to inequality. I begin by describing different ways of measuring perceptions of inequality, and conclude that absolute measures—which ask respondents to estimate inequality in more concrete terms—tend to be more useful and accurate than relative measures. I then describe how people understand inequality, highlighting the roles of cognitive heuristics, accessibility of information, self-interest, and context and culture. I review the evidence regarding how people react to inequality, suggesting that inequality is associated with higher well-being in developing nations but lower well-being in developed nations, mostly because of hopes or fears for the future. The evidence from developed nations suggests that inequality increases individuals’ concerns about status and economic resources, increases their perception that the social world is competitive and individualistic, and erodes their faith in others, political systems, and democracy in general.
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Barnard, David. On Our Difficulties Speaking to and About the Dying. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.10.
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Interactions with dying and bereaved people in modern society are frequently marked by awkwardness, embarrassment, and silence, reactions that influence the patterns of care people receive near the end of life, as well as the quality of their interpersonal relationships. These reactions are usually interpreted in terms of personal psychology and individual behavior, which gives rise to remedies for health professionals in the form of communications skills training and personal self-awareness. From the perspective of social and cultural history, however, these reactions are a manifestation of shame induced by exposure to, or reminders of, the physical body—its functions and its disintegration—that the processes of “civilization” have progressively demanded be kept out of sight and out of consciousness. Changes in behavior from this perspective will depend on long-term social movements that bring the body and its functions within the boundaries of acceptable personal reflection and social engagement.
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Nader, Kathleen, and Mary Beth Williams. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.22.
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Developmental age and symptom variations influence treatment needs for trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRD). TSRD include disorders found in children age 6 and under (reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] < 6) and those described for individuals who are older than age 6 (PTSD, PTSD with dissociative symptoms, acute stress disorder, adjustment reactions, and other specific TSRD, e.g., complicated grief). Treatments for children under age 6 primarily focus on caregiver–child dyads. Post-trauma symptoms such as those described for PTSD with dissociative symptoms, complicated grief, and complicated trauma require alterations in proven trauma-focused methods. In addition to appropriately timed processing of the trauma, treatments for youths are best when they are multifaceted (also include, for example, focus on support systems and relationships; self-skills, e.g., regulation, coping; and other age, symptom, and trait-related factors). For children, treatment methods often include creative methods as well (e.g., drawings, storytelling).
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Castledine, Jacqueline. Progressive Mothers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037269.003.0004.
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This chapter demonstrates how a host of social justice causes remain at the core of U.S. leftist women's postwar activism, including civil rights and women's equality, and more importantly, peace. Response to their attempts to push the boundaries of good mothering to include such endeavors as political organizing and peace activism suggests the difficulties they would face balancing the personal and the political in the immediate postwar era. The experiences of a group of Progressive Party organizers working across the nation at both national and local levels shows how their determination to continue working for leftist causes, while also performing their social roles as mothers, wives, daughters, and waged workers, was increasingly complicated by domestic reaction to international events.
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Deater-Deckard, Kirby. The Social Environment and the Development of Psychopathology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0021.
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The development of psychopathology involves a social context with powerful influences on the growth and maintenance of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. The co-occurring processes of socialization (i.e., learning) and selection into relationships and experiences work together to reinforce adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Using self-regulation and social cognition as guiding concepts, research regarding social environments and their potential influences on psychopathology is highlighted. Family relationships with parents and peers are examined, with an emphasis on harsh reactive parenting and sibling antagonism and reinforcement of maladaptive behavior. In addition, the potential effects of peer victimization and friend/peer group selection are considered. The literature continues to build evidence of a critical role of the social environment in the promotion or prevention of a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in youth.
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Schultz, Jaime. From “Women in Sports” to the “New Ideal of Beauty”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038167.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at how a number of milestones peppered the era as women experienced unprecedented participation opportunities. But with that progress came the “backlash” of the 1980s, a reaction to women's athletic progress that particularly manifested in the aesthetic fitness movement. Within the context of the neoconservative “Reagan revolution,” women flocked to all sorts of bodywork designed to sculpt their physiques in physically and sexually attractive ways and, in the process, forged a “new ideal of beauty.” The chapter argues that this trend is indicative what Naomi Wolf calls the “beauty myth,” in which the accent on women's appearance detracts from their social, cultural, political, and economic status.
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Garretson, Jeremiah J. The Path to Gay Rights. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479822133.001.0001.
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Why Tolerance Triumphed is the first accessible, data-driven account of how the LGBTQ movement achieved its most unexpected victory---the liberalization of mass opinion on gay rights. The current academic understanding of how social movements change mass opinion---through sympathetic media coverage and endorsements from political leaders---cannot provide an adequate explanation for the phenomenal success of the LGBTQ movement at changing the public’s views. The book argues that these factors were not the direct cause of changing attitudes, but contributed indirectly by signalling to other LGBTQ people across the United States that their lives were valued. The net result was a huge increase in the number of LGBTQ people who ‘came out’ and lived their lives openly. Building on recent breakthroughs in social and political psychology, the study introduces the theory of Affective Liberalization. This theory states that meeting and interacting with lesbians and gays in person---or by watching lesbian and gay characters via entertainment media---leads to more durable attitude change by subtly warming peoples’ subconscious reactions to lesbians and gays. Using expansive date-sets and cutting edge social science methods, the book finds that increased exposure to LGBTQ people, triggered by ACT-UP’s activism, provides a singular, compelling and complete explanation for the success of the LGBTQ movement in changing mass opinion.
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Ansdell, Gary, and Brynjulf Stige. Community Music Therapy. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.6.
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This chapter provides an overview of the wide and complex territory of Community Music Therapy, orientating readers to the key events, arguments, and practices of this international movement. Characterizing CoMT as a “social movement” helps explain the particular pattern of its emergence and development, and the varying reactions to it. This also indicates how the movement critically refracts dimensions of the practice, discipline, and profession of international music therapy more generally in its late-modern phase—showing how it is adapting to the demands and opportunities of globalization, cultural plurality, economic crisis, and the restructuring and revisioning of health and social care services. In its short history CoMT has functioned variously as an inspiration for broader and more flexible practice, as a critique of traditional theory, as a platform for exploring fresh interdisciplinary theory, and as an instigator of inter-professional dialogue and dispute.
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Papiasvili, Eva D. Principles of Therapeutic Change. Edited by Louis G. Castonguay, Michael J. Constantino, and Larry E. Beutler. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199324729.003.0009.
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This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of social anxiety presented in Chapter 8. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in her day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how she would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
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Spayd, Catherine S. A Cognitive-Behaviorist’s Report from the Trenches. Edited by Louis G. Castonguay, Michael J. Constantino, and Larry E. Beutler. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199324729.003.0010.
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This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of social anxiety presented in Chapter 8. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in her day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how she would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
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Weinberg, Igor. More Than a Feeling? Edited by Louis G. Castonguay, Michael J. Constantino, and Larry E. Beutler. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199324729.003.0011.
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This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of social anxiety presented in Chapter 8. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in his day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how he would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
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Meyers, Maria Christina, Nicky Dries, and Giverny De Boeck. Talent or Not. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.10.
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It is assumed that employees display favorable attitudes (e.g., high organizational commitment) and behaviors (e.g., high work effort) when identified as organizational talent. If they did not, the idea that talent management creates value by making disproportionate investments into organizational talent would need to be reconsidered. We reviewed the literature to explore whether the assumed favorable reactions among talent are valid and the results are not straightforward. Many studies found evidence for the assumption; however, several studies revealed that talent designation bears considerable risks: Being identified as talent creates (overly optimistic) expectations of receiving rewards and benefits from the organization and it increases the felt pressure to meet high performance standards. We discuss the findings in the light of social exchange theory, psychological contract theory, and others commonly used in talent-management research, highlighting key issues regarding talent designation and identifying avenues for future research.
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Hamilton, Nancy A., Ruth Ann Atchley, Lauren Boddy, Erik Benau, and Ronald Freche. Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Control in Pain Processing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0003.
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Chronic pain is a multidimensional phenomenon characterized by deficits at the behavioral, social, and affective levels of functioning. Depression and anxiety disorders are overrepresented among pain patients, suggesting that pain affects processes of emotion regulation. Conceptualizing the experience of chronic pain within a motivational organizing perspective offers a useful framework for understanding the emotional experiences of individuals living with chronic pain and how they balance harm-avoidant goals with generative approach oriented goals. To that end this chapter also integrates theories of emotion regulation (ER) and cognitive control to shed additional light on the problem of living with chronic pain, and it introduces a theory, consistent with findings from affective neuroscience, suggesting that painful flare-ups may be driven by anticipatory pain reactions in addition to somatic signals.
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Heylighen, Francis, and Shima Beigi. Mind Outside Brain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801764.003.0005.
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We approach the problem of the extended mind from a radically non-dualist perspective. The separation between mind and matter is an artifact of the mechanistic worldview, which leaves no room for mental phenomena such as agency, intentionality, or experience. We propose to replace it by an action ontology, which conceives mind and matter as aspects of the same network of processes. By adopting the intentional stance, we interpret the catalysts of elementary reactions as agents exhibiting desires, intentions, and sensations. Autopoietic networks of reactions constitute more complex super-agents, which exhibit memory, deliberation and sense-making. In the case of social networks, individual agents coordinate their actions via the propagation of challenges. The distributed cognition that emerges cannot be situated in any individual brain. This non-dualist, holistic view extends and operationalizes process metaphysics and Eastern philosophies. It is supported by both mindfulness experiences and mathematical models of action, self-organization, and cognition.
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Smiarowski, Konrad, Ramona Harrison, Seth Brewington, Megan Hicks, Frank J. Feeley, Céline Dupont-Hébert, Brenda Prehal, George Hambrecht, James Woollett, and Thomas H. McGovern. Zooarchaeology of the Scandinavian settlements in Iceland and Greenland. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.9.
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The Scandinavian Viking Age and Medieval settlements of Iceland and Greenland have been subject to zooarchaeological research for over a century, and have come to represent two classic cases of survival and collapse in the literature of long-term human ecodynamics. The work of the past two decades by multiple projects coordinated through the North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO) cooperative and by collaborating scholars has dramatically increased the available zooarchaeological evidence for economic organization of these two communities, their initial adaptation to different natural and social contexts, and their reaction to Late Medieval economic and climate change. This summary paper provides an overview of ongoing comparative research as well as references for data sets and more detailed discussion of archaeofauna from these two island communities.
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Oklopcic, Zoran. Constituent Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799092.003.0002.
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Building on the preliminary discussion of constituent imagination from Chapter 1, Chapter 2 clarifies the meaning of moving ‘beyond’ and proceeds to articulate the framework of assumptions behind the anti-imperialist struggles for national liberation, social emancipation, and international solidarity, and to explore three unstated charges behind the verdicts of their historical failure: their jeopardy, futility, and perversity. Rather than accepting these charges, Chapter 2 offers a more nuanced polemical anatomy of the concept of the people; a more elaborate account of scenic, figurative, and conceptual choices that might allow us to respond to the ‘rhetoric of reaction’ differently; the morphology of the ‘affective loop’ of popular sovereignty that will complicate that endeavour; and the features of the imaginary ‘spectroscope’ that will make it easier.
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Schmidt, Susanne K. The Europeanization Effects of Case Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717775.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 seeks to summarize what we can learn from different case studies concerning member-state responses to EU case law. Compliance with secondary law requires the implementation of specific policies, but case law cannot make comprehensive policy prescriptions. Instead, it normally prohibits certain member-state policies by declaring them to be in conflict with EU law. There can be no expectation for the one-dimensional impact of case law, I argue. Given that the Europeanization effects of case law have hardly been researched, I give an overview of different responses, structured according to executive, legislative, and judiciary reactions, which are considered alongside the responses from societal actors. In particular, the example of EU citizens’ access to tax-financed social benefits shows how difficult it is for national administrations to translate case-law principles into general administrative procedures.
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Barkataki-Ruscheweyh, Meenaxi. Getting Acquainted with the Tangsa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472598.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 focuses on the Tangsa, and discusses their linguistic and ethnic classification into sub-groups such as the Pangwa, their relation to the Naga and the Singpho, as well as some of their ‘traditional’ practices, their festivals, their lifestyles and their social and cultural traditions. Starting with the past, I end in the present by describing the changes that have come to their lives with their move down the hills, their conversion to Christianity and their gradual move to a ‘modern’ style of living. The last section of the chapter describes my own introduction to the Tangsa and my first reactions to the differences I noted in their lifestyles with mine.
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Gooley, Dana. Saving Improvisation. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.006.
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This chapter surveys improvisation in the western classical tradition during a period of transition ca. 1800–1830. It considers not only why improvisational practices declined in this period, but also how they were preserved and revalidated in accordance with new musical values. It examines the free fantasies of Johann Nepomuk Hummel, an exceptionally famous composer-virtuoso of this period who was renowned for his improvisational brilliance. Critical responses and public reactions suggest that Hummel’s free fantasies were valued for their capacity to bridge the gap between connoisseurs and dilettantes, as well as the gap between public and private spheres. The chapter reflects on solo improvisation and its relationship to the social significance of improvisation.
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Zgoba, Kristen M. The aftermath of sex offender registration and other controls. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.20.
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This essay begins with a review of public reaction to sexual offenses and the rise in social awareness that sex offenses have promoted. Statistics exploring the prevalence of sexual abuse in the United States and the United Kingdom will be given. As a result of a number of widely publicized sexual abuse cases (particularly child sexual abuse cases), a variety of laws applied to sexual offenders have been enacted from 1990 to 2010. Although different, these policies tend to center around four common themes: sex offender registration and notification, civil commitment, residency restrictions, and risk assessment. The essay examines these legislative efforts to assess their effectiveness at reducing sexually offensive behaviors and discusses the controversies surrounding such legislation.
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Brown, Jacqueline A., and Shane R. Jimerson, eds. Supporting Bereaved Students at School. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190606893.001.0001.
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Given that most children will experience the death of at least one close or special person prior to high school graduation, and because the vast majority of children attend school on a regular basis, school-based mental health professionals must be prepared to effectively support bereaved students. Supporting Bereaved Students at School is a contemporary guide that provides school-based mental health professionals with the information they need to support bereaved students, with a particular emphasis on practitioners in the fields of school psychology, school counseling, school social work, and clinical child psychology. The book covers how these professionals can help children and adolescents cope with their emotional, physical, and social reactions during the period of grief, lasting months or years, following a significant death in their lives. The book is divided into two sections, the first focusing on foundational knowledge and the second offering a range of evidence-based intervention strategies. This book provides school-based professionals and graduate students with tools that can be easily integrated into their daily practice.
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Choi, Mihwa. Death Rituals and Politics in Northern Song China. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459765.001.0001.
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This study inquires into a historical question of how politics surrounding death rituals and ensuing changes in ritual performance shaped a revival of Confucianism during eleventh-century China. It investigates how polarizing debates about death rituals introduced new terrain for political power dynamics between monarchy and officialdom, and between groups of court officials. During the reign of Renzong, in reaction to Emperor Zhenzong’s statewide Daoist ritual programs for venerating the royal ancestors, some court officials maneuvered in the imperial court to return Confucian canonical rituals to their place of primacy. Later, a faction of scholar-officials took a lead in reviving the Confucian rituals as a way of checking the power of both the emperors and the wealthy merchants. By perceiving Confucian rituals as the models for social reality as it ought to be, they wrote new ritual manuals, condemned non-Confucian rituals, took legal actions, and established public graveyards.
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Llano, Samuel. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0016.
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As is described in this conclusion, more than the media and culture, Madrid’s public space constituted the primary arena where reactions and attitudes toward social conflict and inequalities were negotiated. Social conflict in the public space found expression through musical performance, as well as through the rise of noise that came with the expansion and modernization of the city. Through their impact on public health and morality, noise and unwelcomed musical practices contributed to the refinement of Madrid’s city code and the modernization of society. The interference of vested political interests, however, made the refining of legislation in these areas particularly difficult. Analysis of three musical practices, namely, flamenco, organilleros, and workhouse bands, has shown how difficult it was to adopt consistent policies and approaches to tackling the forms of social conflict that were associated with musical performance.
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Mason, Laura. Thermidor and the Myth of Rupture. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.030.
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The defeat of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor year II initiated a realignment of political forces within and beyond the National Convention, which is traditionally known as the Thermidorian Reaction (July 1794–October 1795). That moment did not, however, signal the fundamental rupture that the Thermidorians claimed. Although the National Convention repealed restrictive legislation and abandoned the promise of political and social democracy, it also sustained revolutionary government and the Montagnard commitment to strengthen the Convention by challenging extra-legislative competitors. Similarly, as legislators, activists, and journalists invented the notion of a ‘Terror’ that Thermidorians claimed to have defeated, they did so with denunciatory practices elaborated since 1789, revealing important continuities within revolutionary political culture that survived 9 Thermidor.
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Stuewer, Roger H. The Age of Innocence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827870.001.0001.
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Nuclear physics emerged as the dominant field in experimental and theoretical physics between 1919 and 1939, the two decades between the First and Second World Wars. Milestones were Ernest Rutherford’s discovery of artificial nuclear disintegration (1919), George Gamow’s and Ronald Gurney and Edward Condon’s simultaneous quantum-mechanical theory of alpha decay (1928), Harold Urey’s discovery of deuterium (the deuteron), James Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron, Carl Anderson’s discovery of the positron, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton’s invention of their eponymous linear accelerator, and Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (1931–2), Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie’s discovery and confirmation of artificial radioactivity (1934), Enrico Fermi’s theory of beta decay based on Wolfgang Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis and Fermi’s discovery of the efficacy of slow neutrons in nuclear reactions (1934), Niels Bohr’s theory of the compound nucleus and Gregory Breit and Eugene Wigner’s theory of nucleus+neutron resonances (1936), and Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch’s interpretation of nuclear fission, based on Gamow’s liquid-drop model of the nucleus (1938), which Frisch confirmed experimentally (1939). These achievements reflected the idiosyncratic personalities of the physicists who made them; they were shaped by the physical and intellectual environments of the countries and institutions in which they worked; and they were buffeted by the profound social and political upheavals after the Great War: the punitive postwar treaties, the runaway inflation in Germany and Austria, the Great Depression, and the greatest intellectual migration in history, which encompassed some of the most gifted experimental and theoretical nuclear physicists in the world.
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Wingfield, Nancy M. Peripheries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801658.003.0003.
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The Ministry of Interior issued a decree on 21 November 1906 soliciting proposals for revision of regulation from all provincial governors on regulation in the large cities in their jurisdiction with large industrial installations or military garrisons. Respondents across Austria addressed four major issues: 1) the utility of regulating prostitution on the example of the tolerated brothels; 2) the danger prostitutes posed to public health; and less often, 3) the social origins of local prostitutes; and 4) the social profile of clients. Responses reveal varying attitudes toward, experiences with, and understandings of, regulation. They demonstrate an urban-rural division in attitudes toward the efficacy of regulated prostitution. The reactions underscore the difference between monitoring in many small-to-medium-sized municipalities, where police knew many of the actors personally, and the anonymity that prevailed in the Empire’s larger cities, where authorities often considered regulation the best of a series of bad solutions.
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Quinn, Diane M. When Stigma Is Concealable: The Costs and Benefits for Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.19.
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Research on the effects of concealing a stigmatized identity on health outcomes is remarkably mixed, with results showing both health costs and benefits to concealing. This chapter reviews the literature and presents a framework for conceptualizing the moderators and mediators of the concealment–health relationship. It is proposed that people who reveal their stigmatized identity within supportive environments reap health benefits, whereas those living in more hostile environments benefit by greater concealment. However, if concealment leads to greater cognitive burden, then negative health outcomes can occur. If people do disclose their stigmatized identity, the confidants they choose, the level of social support received, and the negativity of the reactions will all influence the relationship between disclosure and health outcomes. Future research is needed to clarify which variables are most important for health and to examine differences between identity types and environments.
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Schneider, Beth E., and Janelle M. Pham. The Turn toward Socialist, Radical, and Lesbian Feminisms. Edited by Holly J. McCammon, Verta Taylor, Jo Reger, and Rachel L. Einwohner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190204204.013.4.
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The emergence of socialist, radical, and lesbian feminisms during the 1960s was a reaction to, and critique of, liberal feminism. Activists in this women’s liberation branch of the second wave strongly agreed that liberal feminism, with its focus on rights, choice, and personal achievement, was insufficient in its analysis of women’s status and condition. Each of the three strands differed in their analysis of the roots of the problem and in their approaches to social change. This chapter details “the turn” to socialist, radical, and lesbian feminism during the 1960s and 1970s with a focus on the ideological underpinnings, strategies, and organizations, examining the differences between and within each strand. Each of these strands faced varying levels of criticism for their lack of attentiveness to the diversity of women’s experience beyond the interests of a mostly White, middle-class constituency. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research on these feminisms.
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Immanen, Mikko. Toward a Concrete Philosophy. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752377.001.0001.
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This book explores the reactions of Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse to Martin Heidegger prior to their dismissal of him once he turned to the Nazi party in 1933. The book provides a fascinating glimpse of the three future giants of twentieth-century social criticism when they were still looking for their philosophical voices. By reconstructing their overlooked debates with Heidegger and Heideggerians, the book argues that Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse saw Heidegger's 1927 magnum opus, Being and Time, as a serious effort to make philosophy relevant for life again and as the most provocative challenge to their nascent materialist diagnoses of the discontents of European modernity. Our knowledge of Adorno's “Frankfurt discussion” with “Frankfurt Heideggerians” remains anecdotal, even though it led to a proto-version of Dialectic of Enlightenment's idea of the entwinement of myth and reason. Similarly, Horkheimer's enthusiasm over Heidegger's legendary post-World War I lectures and criticism of Being and Time have escaped attention almost entirely. And Marcuse's intriguing debate with Heidegger over Hegel and the origin of the problematic of “being and time” has remained uncharted until now. Reading these debates as fruitful intellectual encounters rather than hostile confrontations, the book offers scholars of critical theory a new, thought-provoking perspective on the emergence of the Frankfurt School as a rejoinder to Heidegger's philosophical revolution.
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Carrigan, William D., and Clive Webb. The Rise and Fall of Mob Violence against Mexicans in Arizona, 1859–1915. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037467.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews conventional narratives of racism and lynching, examining the extensive mob violence directed against persons of Mexican descent in Arizona Territory. While demonstrating the historical depth and contours of anti-Mexican animus in Arizona, the chapter also traces the pivotal social and political changes that shifted opinion against the lynching of Mexicans in the era of statehood in the 1910s. Moreover, there is no record of the illegal hanging of any Mexicans in Arizona after 1915. The strong reaction of Arizona's constituted authorities to the lynching of Mexican outlaws Jose and Hilario Leon did not end discrimination against Mexicans in the state, but it did close the door on what was agreed as the most symbolic and visible form of racial and ethnic persecution—community-sanctioned, extralegal murder.
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Madera, Juan M. Impact on Perpetrators. Edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.24.
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To date, most research on workplace discrimination has focused on the targets of discrimination, but there is a growing body of literature examining the impact of discrimination from the perpetrators’ perspective. Because of social and legal pressures, perpetrators not only tend to deny accusations of discrimination but also are apt to avoid interacting with stigmatized individuals. Perpetrators’ initial responses to being confronted about discrimination often include negative affective and cognitive reactions, which depend on who confronts them and how accusations are framed. Research has also shown that perpetrators of discrimination also suffer from a depletion of cognitive resources and memory when interacting with stigmatized individuals, because of the efforts made to not appear biased in interactions. Lastly, perpetrators often wish to be perceived as nonprejudiced, so they are motivated to mitigate the discomfort of discrimination through denial.
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Beckert, Jens, and Matías Dewey. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794974.003.0001.
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Taking an economic sociology perspective, this introduction offers a systematic overview of the social organization of arenas of exchange prohibited by state law. We first distinguish different types of illegal markets, examine their internal functioning, and address state and political reactions to them, paying particular attention to the selective enforcement of the law and the role of informal rules. Second, we introduce the distinction between illegality and legitimacy, which is crucial for an understanding of the prevalence and form of illegal markets, and address two sources of social acceptance of illegality: externalities and expectations of the future. Third, considering the completely transformed role of the state, we allude to the architecture of illegal markets, indicate actors’ specific coordination problems, and illustrate how actors cope with them using cases contained in this volume. Finally, we elucidate the role of tax havens and the role of illegality in capitalist dynamics.
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Farrell, Justin. Drilling Our Soul: Moral Boundary Work in an Unlikely Old-West Fight against Fracking. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164342.003.0006.
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This chapter investigates an “outlier” case of environmental conflict, where things did not follow the same social patterns observed elsewhere in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). The case study involves conflict over a plan to drill 136 natural gas wells just to the south of Yellowstone, in Sublette County, Wyoming. This plan is not unusual, given that this county includes two of the largest gas fields in the United States and that most residents of this county and state support this economically beneficial activity. But in a radical reversal, a large group of miners, outfitters, ranchers, and other old-westerners acted against their own economic and cultural traditions, starting an environmental movement to oppose drilling in this particular area. The chapter shows that the intense negative reaction to drilling in this area is caused by a violation of strong moral boundaries linked to old-west place attachment.
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Sullivan, Mark D. Seeking the Roots of Health and Action in Biological Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195386585.003.0010.
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The roots of biological autonomy and health are the same. Goals make biology distinct as a science, for without goals, we cannot understand why a biological trait exists. Organisms are autonomous biological entities because they define what is inside and what is outside themselves. This boundary between inner and outer gives the organism a self-referential purpose. Claude Bernard made experimental physiology possible with his concept of the internal environment, but he was unable to explain how the organism established the boundary between itself and its environment. Hence, homeostasis portrays the organism as reactive not active. Autopoiesis is an alternative defining characteristic of living beings. It generates biological autonomy through additional biological constraint on chemical processes, not through a special vital force. Healthy organisms can construct their own environmental niche. For humans, this niche is social and is constructed with a social physiology. Both exercise and education increase health by increasing capacity for niche construction.
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Volpi, Frédéric. Constructing Impossible Uprisings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642921.003.0004.
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This chapter introduces the ‘eventful sociology’ that characterizes the emergence of protest episodes in the four North African countries. Events are non-routine sequences of actions that reshape the routine forms of governance (and opposition) structuring everyday social and political life. Transformative events initiate a transformation of behaviors that is both strategic and reactive, and that reshapes social and political life first at the local level. This chapter qualifies the emergence of new causal processes and how they interact with preexisting practices of governance. The narrative places side by side the views and strategies of different pro- and anti-regime actors in the face of unexpected events and their consequences. The chapter outlines how sequences of events produced new practices, arenas and actors of contestations, often as unintended consequences of interactions. This event-centric account of protest episodes highlights the transformative role of protest in the construction of newly effective forms of political behaviors.
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Lane, Christel. From Taverns to Gastropubs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826187.001.0001.
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This book charts the social historical development of the English public house from the period of the Restoration to the twenty-first century, culminating in the contemporary gastropub. Continuities and differences between taverns, inns, and (gastro)pubs are highlighted, with a focus on issues around food, drink, and sociality. The analysis of food and eating out encompasses their material, as well as their symbolic properties, both historically and at the present time. One recurring theme is the constant contest between English and French cuisine for diners’ allegiance. The book studies the gastropub in the context of large-scale pub closing since the 1990s and views it both as reaction to the end of the traditional drinking pub and as a promising alternative to it. The subordinate relation of the pub to both breweries/pub companies and to the regulatory and taxing state is presented as contributory to pubs’ decline. The book uses the theoretical lenses of class, gender, and national identification to explore issues of social and organizational identity. The gastropub’s organizational identity is viewed as unsettled. The author relies on historical diaries, memoirs, industry reports, and scholarly secondary sources, as well as utilizing original data, gained in forty in-depth interviews of publicans in different parts of England.
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Zürn, Michael. The Theoretical Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.003.0005.
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The authority–legitimation link states that international institutions exercising authority need to nurture the belief in their legitimacy. The authority–legitimation link points to fundamental challenges for the global governance system: with the rise of international authorities that are, at the same time, more intrusive, state consent is undermined and societies are affected directly. Consequently, legitimation problems arise, followed by processes of delegitimation, which then trigger responses by the challenged institutions. Using concepts of historical institutionalism, it is argued in this chapter that the authority–legitimation link produces reactive sequences either via the route of societal politicization or via counter-institutionalization by states. These reactive sequences may result in either a decline or a deepening of global governance depending on the responses of authority holders.
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Prakash, Gyan. Postcolonial Criticism and History: Subaltern Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on one of the new theoretical approaches to history which had developed in reaction to nationalist and Marxist views of history that had taken hold in the wake of Western colonial expansion. In order to counter the state-led modernization paradigm, which some elites in the colonies had adopted from the colonizing powers, post-colonialists attacked assumptions of progress, causality, and state-led nation-building, allegedly typical of the modern West. Promoting a bottom-up understanding of history, they emphasized ‘subaltern’ non-elite perspectives and criticized Eurocentric normativity without, however, denying the influence of the modern West—an influence seen by many recent postcolonial writers as both socially and epistemologically oppressive and marginalizing.