Dissertations / Theses: 'Social realism'

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Lambert, Ian J. "Realism and social science." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278516.

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Hull, G. T. B. "Moral realism and social criticism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1369567/.

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In many contexts, including multicultural societies and various international settings, ethical disputes arise between parties who do not share an ethical outlook. It can seem impossible for such disputes to be resolved rationally, as the parties in question will generally not take the same sorts of consideration to bear on the matter under dispute. If, however, it could be shown that there are ways of assessing an ethical outlook for correctness, neither merely by checking it for internal coherence, nor simply by assessing it by the standards of a different ethical outlook, this would mean there exist resources allowing at least some such disputes to be resolved rationally. In order to establish whether such resources exist it is necessary to consider what it is to have one ethical outlook rather than another. The existence and applicability of “thick ethical concepts” can form the basis for a defence of moral realism: a realist conception of ethical properties and moral reasons for action, and a cognitivist conception of the mental states which allow an individual (in good cases) to track ethical facts. A fresh understanding of the nature of intentional action which remedies difficulties with orthodox action theory provides additional support for this view. This realist view allows the critical force of two forms of social criticism from the German philosophical tradition to be reassessed. Nietzschean criticism by genealogy can undermine ethical views if their acceptance is shown to have come about in a way which renders continued acceptance irrational. Criticism of reification, pioneered by Lukács, can ground rejection of aspects of an ethical outlook if it is shown to involve systematic misapprehension of intentional actions as mere natural happenings. In both cases, the most faithful interpretation provides a rational resource for neutral arbitration between ethical outlooks in a context of pluralism.

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Kirk, Ned Charles. "Grażyna Bacewicz and social realism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11372.

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Chafim, Fernando 1986. "Estrutura social, instituições e agência na perspectiva do realismo crítico em economia : uma primeira aproximação." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286420.

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Orientador: David Dequech Filho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chafim_Fernando_M.pdf: 1383453 bytes, checksum: aaafe1236387548279f7252d7f99140d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é contribuir para uma abordagem pluralista que avance na compreensão da dinâmica entre as entidades sociais e os agentes na vida econômica. Em termos específicos, objetiva-se construir um modelo que forneça uma compreensão refinada da estrutura social, instituição e agência que contribua para o estudo das mudanças estruturais na economia. Para tal, inicialmente adotamos as contribuições ontológicas e metodológicas do Realismo Crítico em Economia para ampliar nossa compreensão de interdisciplinaridade, ciência econômica e das características gerais e abstratas da realidade social. Após discutir o conteúdo dessa abordagem, elaboramos uma ontologia científica, que explicita as propriedades relevantes e específicas de entidades sociais particulares, tais como estrutura social, instituição, convenção, modelo mental socialmente compartilhado, regra social e relação social. Essa mesma ontologia será complementada por uma análise das propriedades dos agentes visando a construção de um modelo teórico que considere simultaneamente as diversas formas existentes de influências sociais sobre as pessoas e vice-versa, sem confundi-las e evitando determinismos por ambas as partes. A seguir, apresentamos uma síntese das principais influências estruturais que incentivam a conformidade, bem como algumas condições sociais que motivam os agentes não só a se desviarem dessas influências, mas a tentar transformá-las através da mobilização de recursos e relativamente de acordo com seus interesses. Por fim, discutiremos as condições específicas de implementação desse tipo de mudança e usaremos o modelo teórico proposto para analisar a mudança empreendida pelos teóricos da agência ao introduzirem o modelo de gestão corporativa conhecido como maximização do valor do acionista
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a pluralistic approach that adds to the understanding of the dynamics between social entities and agents in economic life. More specifically, we construct a model that provides a refined understanding of the social structure, institution and agency that contributes to the study of structural changes in the economy. In order to do so, we first adopt the ontological and methodological contributions of Critical Realism in Economics. This allows for enlarging our understanding of interdisciplinarity, economics and the general and abstract features of social reality. After discussing the contents of this approach, we developed a scientific ontology that spells out the relevant specific properties of certain social entities, such as social structure, institutions, conventions, socially shared mental models, social relations and social rules. This same ontology is then complemented by an analysis of the properties of agents. This aims at building a theoretical model that simultaneously considers various forms of social influences on persons and vice-versa, without confusing them and avoiding determinism from either side. The next section is a summary of the main structural influences that encourage compliance, as well as of some social conditions that motivate agents not only to deviate from those influences, but to also mobilise resources and try to transform them in a fashion somewhat akin to their interests. Finally, we discuss the specific conditions for implementing this kind of change and use the proposed model to analyse the modification agency theorists bring about as they introduce the corporate management model known as maximizing shareholder value
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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Forrest, David. "Social Realism : a British art cinema." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10351/.

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Since the 1930s, realist cinema has maintained a consistent but ever-diversifying presence within the heart of British film culture. The broad term of social realism has come to represent numerous examples of films that reflect a range of social environments and issues, in a manner that rejects the artifice and escapism of more classically-oriented narrative models. Yet, there has been a tendency to view such films in the context of what they have to tell us about the issues and themes they invoke, rather than what they say about their art. When we think of the New Wave in France, or Neo-Realism in Italy we think of film movements which reflected their subjects with veracity and conviction, but we also see their products as cultural entities which encourage interpretation on the terms of their authorship, and which demand readings on the basis of their form. We are invited to read the films as we would approach a poem or a painting, as artefacts of social and artistic worth. Despite the continued prevalence of social realism in British cinema, there is no comparable compulsion in our own critical culture. This study seeks to address this imbalance. Beginning with the documentary movement of the 1930s and the realist cinema of wartime, I chart the history and progression of social realism in Britain, covering a wide range of directors such as Ken Loach, Mike Leigh, Alan Clarke and Shane Meadows and a number of film cycles, such as Free Cinema and the British New Wave. The key focus of my analysis lies on the aesthetic and formal constitution of the mode. I seek to highlight hitherto unrealised depths within the textual parameters of British social realism in order to propose its deserved status as a genuine and progressive national art cinema.

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Adams, Jeff. "Documentary graphic novels and social realism." Oxford Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Wien Lang, 2003. http://d-nb.info/990541126/04.

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Spash, Clive L. "Policy analysis: Empiricism, social construction and realism." Österreichische Gesellschaft für Politikwissenschaft (ÖGPW), 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5783/1/Spash_2014_OZP_Policy%2Danalysis.pdf.

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In a recent article Ulrich Brand has discussed how best to perform policy analysis. I reflect upon the paper as an interdisciplinary researcher experienced in public policy problems and their analysis with a particular interest in the relationship between social, economic and environmental problems. At the centre of the paper is the contrast between two existing methodologies prevalent in political science and related disciplines. One is the rationalist approach, which takes on the character of a natural science, that believes in a fully knowable objective reality which can be observed by an independent investigator. The other is a strong social constructivist position called interpretative policy analysis (IPA), where knowledge and meaning become so intertwined as to make independence of the observer from the observed impossible and all knowledge highly subjective. Brand then offers his model as a way forward, but one that he closely associates with the latter. My contention is that policy analysis, and any way forward, needs to provide more of a transformative combination of elements from both approaches. Indeed I believe this is actually what Brand is doing.

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Geary, James P. "Social Realism in Central America: the Modern Short Story Translated." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1215444512.

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Seipel, Melissa. "Natural Disaster Films: A Social Learning and Perceived Realism Perspective." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6809.

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This study investigates the relationship between social learning and perceived realism in the context of an entertainment media text, the 2015 movie San Andreas. As a fictional natural disaster movie, this film depicts several safety and survival techniques that could potentially be observed and adopted by audience members should they face a similar situation (i.e. major earthquake). While the majority of these techniques align with professionally recommended behaviors, a few are misleading. This study investigates the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions different groups of audience members hold concerning the behaviors they observed in the film. Participants were grouped by geologically-based knowledge levels and levels of perceived realism. While the findings of this study reveal minimal differences based on knowledge and perceived realism, results clearly show that the film triggered high levels of curiosity and thinking about earthquakes and earthquake safety across the board. Furthermore, all audience members appeared to be persuaded on both a conscious and even more so on a subconscious level to behave as the characters in the film did, assuming the consequences of those actions were positive. These findings suggest that entertainment media texts can be a powerful educational and persuasive tool.

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Engelskirchen, Howard. "The Aristotelian Marx and scientific realism a perspective on social kinds in social theory /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Lins, Cynthia de Carvalho. "An investigation of Raymond Boudon's paradigm of social action." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388674.

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Alberca, García María del Mar. ""Por mala conciencia escritores de poesía social" : Jaime Gil de Biedma en el contexto del realismo social español de postguerra /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3064464.

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Wernberg, Johan. "Bortom den sociala konstruktionen : Argument för en realistisk filosofisociologi." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109263.

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In this essay the author argues against what is defined as radical social constructionism and its place in the relatively new sociology of philosophy in Sweden. A realistic approach is presented as a more plausible and desirable alternative.

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Jennings, Peter Leonard. "Critical realism : an alternative perspective on evaluation methodology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/68704/.

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The aim of this research was to explore the contribution of critical realist metatheory to evaluation. The principal contention is that adopting a critical relist perspective overcomes the propensity of conventional approaches to evaluation, both quantitative and qualitative, to focus on pre-determined performance measurement criteria. This research is based on comparative analysis of the methodologies and outcomes derived from conventional and critical realist evaluation. Evaluation grounded in critical realist metatheory embraces methodological pluralism, which underpins critical realism, and emphasises more thoughtful forms of data interpretation in empirical research. Making use of an exemplar, publicly funded, scheme providing grants to enterprises engaged in commercialising innovation, the research examines the role of common forms of data gathering and analysis, contrasted with particular forms of data interpretation based on abduction and retroduction. Intrinsic and extrinsic research methodologies are presented, not as polar opposites, but as complementary stances in gaining a rounded understanding of the scheme. Conventional approaches to evaluation are shown to act as limited forms of performance measurement, emphasising anticipated outcomes and predetermined criteria but offering little explanation and understanding. Critical realist evaluation is shown to broaden the scope of outcomes identified and deepen explanation and understanding, whilst simultaneously acknowledging the implications of fallibilism in developing multiple, plausible explanations. Explanation is enhanced through recognition of the inherent uncertainty of the social world, despite the dominance of notions of universal regularities. Recommendations for undertaking evaluation are given. The research helps fill an identifiable gap in current literature and debate on mechanisms and casual inference in social science. It provides a practical example of evaluation in the context of support interventions for innovation. No equivalent example is known to have been published previously.

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Čevela, David. "Příspěvek k obraně realistické tradice v mezinárodních vztazích vůči konstruktivistické kritice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113455.

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In this thesis I analyze realism and some of its social constructivist critics. The aim of the thesis is to find areas in which there is a potential for a synthesis of these two paradigms. I propose understand states and the international system as whole as social institutions, with realism to find and interpret its rules and modus operandi.

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Creaven, Sean. "Emergentist Marxism : a materialistic application of realism in the social sciences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108276/.

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This thesis will be concerned with articulating and defending a form of realist social theory entitled "emergentist Marxism". As such its principal objective is less to investigate or review the voluminous literature on "social realism" and more to show the ways in which Marxian social theory can be legitimately "constructed" as a specific "materialistic" application of ontological and methodological realism in the human sciences. The significance of this research is that it functions simultaneously as a contribution to the social science component of Roy Bhaskar's philosophical realism and as a Marxist commentary upon and perhaps intervention against it. The latter is less certain, however, because Bhaskar's depth realism appears to be consistent with the form of anti-reductive materialism defended here. "Realism" or "emergentism" refers to an ontological position denoting a stratified social world of irreducible levels, of which persons, practices and structures are the most fundamental, all of which are efficacious by virtue of the properties and powers which pertain to each of them. "Materialism" denotes the ontological position that the material structures of social systems vertically explain social and cultural structures without "explaining them away". Thus "emergentist Marxism" is an anti-reductive socio-historical ontological materialism and attendant dialectical realist method. Translated into practical social research, it is applied concretely here to the task of theorising the interface between the properties and powers which pertain to human agents and those which pertain to social structures in shaping the constitution and dynamics of social systems.

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MILLER, JEFFREY WILLIAM. "NOVEL RESISTANCE: CULTURAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL FICTION, AND AMERICAN REALISM, 1861-1911." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1023305969.

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Miller, Jeffrey W. "Novel resistance cultural capital, social fiction, and American realism, 1861-1911 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1023305969.

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Agar, Joly. "The philosophy of critical realism and Marxism : an introduction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269164.

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Lindholm, Anne. "Evolution of the Dead : Stil, social funktion och realism i modern zombiefilm." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2613.

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Inledning

The horror of the zombie movie comes from recognizing the human in the monster; the terror of the zombie movie comes from knowing there is nothing to do about it but destroy what is left; the fun comes from watching the genre continue to develop. Although zombies are technically dead, their cinematic genre is a living, breathing entity that continues to grow and evolve.

Citatet taget ur Kyle Bishops artikel ”Raising the dead” öppnar upp för en intressant diskussion angående utvecklingen av zombiefilm. De flesta i en skräckfilmspublik kan på ett fåtal sekunder med säkerhet peka ut en zombie på vita duken. Även filmad i long shots och i extreme long shots kan till och med den åskådare som är relativt ny för genren känna igen zombien. De tydliga rörelsemönstren med långsamma släpande steg och ryckiga rörelser tillhör förväntningarna kring hur zombies ska bete sig, men ser zombien verkligen ut så idag? Om en publik förväntar sig se dessa stildrag när de bänkar sig för att titta på en zombiefilm gjord under 2000-talet är det vad de möter? Visst kan man ännu se grunden till dessa manér även i zombies av idag men dock med ett flertal modifieringar. Den klassiska bleka sminkningen tillsammans med ett lika klassiskt rörelsemönster som sedan Night of the Living Dead (George A. Romero, 1968) har definierat zombien inom filmens värld befinner sig i en ständig transformation. Denna uppsats kommer att granska film och litteratur i ett försök att bena ut de olika stilistiska och sociala förändringar som zombien genomgått från 1968 fram till idag.

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Monaghan, Paul Arthur. "The problem of Idealism and Natural Realism in G.H. Mead's social pragmatism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276866.

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Cole, Julian C. "Practice-dependent realism and mathematics." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124122328.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 248 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-248). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Priestley, Mark. "The social practices of curriculum making." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/255.

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This thesis is concerned with the ‘problem’ of change in education, an issue characterised in much of the literature as a paradox of innovation without change. The thesis draws upon school-based empirical research, undertaken in the context of the reactions by Geography, History and Modern Studies teachers to the notion of teaching integrated social subjects, set against the wider framework of the Scottish Executive’s curriculum policy. The thesis first sets the topic in its Scottish and wider context, before undertaking a comprehensive review of the themes that emerge from the worldwide literature on educational change. These include the paradox of innovation without change, teacher mediation of change initiatives, departmental and school cultures, the subject centredness of schooling and factors that have been noted to underpin successful change initiatives. The thesis sets out a theoretical position that draws upon the critical realist social theory of Margaret Archer. This approach posits a centrist approach to the contentious structure/agency debate, suggesting a complex relationship between social structures, cultural forms and individual agency, whereby social reproduction and transformation are played out through continual social interaction. From this foundation of theory, I develop a practical methodology for researching change in school settings. My empirical work consists of a questionnaire sent to 100 schools, and two linked case studies, where data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and analysis of school documents. The research identifies trends in school provision and, through the case studies, the processes of curriculum making are investigated using the aforementioned methodology. The thesis concludes that such processes are ineluctably social practices, and that those seeking to innovate in schools should pay attention to the social dimensions of change – the engagement of people with ideas and the social structures that impede, distort or promote change. The thesis concludes by presenting a set of general principles that might serve to facilitate change promoted by future initiatives.

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Melin, Eva. "Social delaktighet i teori och praktik : Om barns sociala delaktighet i förskolans verksamhet." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87845.

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This thesis seeks to explain social participation in pre-schools for children with and without Down’s syndrome. The explanation is achieved by use of an explanatory model of social participation, designed on the basis of critical realism, which has been used in an empirical study of how social participation emerges in practice. Mechanisms have been abstracted. It is assumed that recognition mechanism produces social participation and reification mechanism social exclusion. The results show that the agency of the personnel affects the possibilities for the recognition mechanism to produce social participation. Within the agency of the personnel, the internal relationship between the child perspective, i.e. how children's place in society is understood, and the relationship to the child's perspective, i.e. how children's participation is regarded, either prevents or makes possible activation of the mechanism. The child perspective has, through the empirical study, been seen to take two different forms: either that children are similar, with similar needs, or that they are different, with different needs. If children are defined as similar, the structures will accommodate all children, enabling them to be socially involved in the same activities. If children are defined as different, different structures are created for different groups of children. Groups are segregated from each other, preventing the children from being socially involved in joint activities. The relationship to the child's perspective has emerged in relation to the roles of the child as an agent, as a collective subject, and as an individual subject. The role definition affects the degree of constraint imposed on the possibilities for action that are offered, and thus affects the opportunity costs and degrees of freedom of the children. These determine the activation of recognition mechanism and social participation in the situation.

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Stamate, Gheorghe. "European Security and Defence Policy, or Back to Political Realism?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2514.

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In the course of this master thesis I will argue the following:

a) ESDP project is an interesting initiative and concern issues that stand at the core of the EU integration processes. It relates to the most significant and updated development of the EU institutional, conceptual and strategic design, but is yet relatively unexplored and underdeveloped.

b) The aim of this study is to evaluate the efforts to enhance cooperation among European countries in the provision and use of military force. To set the scene and illustrate constrains and complications that bear upon activities in this field. Indeed, the author intends to recommend a theoretical framework, as a fundamental prerequisite for the proper study of EU Defense and Security Policy.

c) Constructivism and neo- Realism and their theoretical tenets offer an unexplored avenue to investigate and account for the development of the European Security and Defense Policy.

d) The efficiency of such an account depends on a meticulous evaluation of proposed theoretical approaches versus the emerging security complex. This theoretical choice allows for a construction beyond that of the unit or system levels of analysis and may therefore grant a causal role to perceived interests in terms of non- traditional approach to research in social science. Also it may thereby provoke an interest in terms of security and threat.

e) The originality and validity of a combination between Realism and Constructivism as a starting point for inquiries in IR may not only be relevant to an understanding of how such a development can unfold, but mostly how a real social phenomena can be unfolded by such a non-traditional theoretical approach.

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McEvansoneya, Philip Daniel. ""Dismal Art" or "strong, realistic pictures"? : Luke Fildes, Frank Holl and 'social realism'." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35697.

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Pickles, Suzanne. "Post-authenticity : literary dialect and realism in Victorian and Neo-Victorian social novels." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22690/.

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This thesis considers what a post-authenticity approach to literary dialect studies should be. Once we have departed from the idea of literary dialect studies being engaged in ascertaining whether or not the fictional representation of nonstandard speech varieties can be matched with those same varieties in the external world, how should we study the dialect we find in novels? I argue that literary dialect studies should be placed within critical work on the realist novel, since the representation of speech, like the broader field of realism, aims to reflect an external world, one with which the reader can identify. This, as yet, has not been done. My approach is to place greater emphasis on the role of the reader. I consider the ways in which writers use literary dialect to manage readers' responses to characters, and the nature of those responses. I give a close reading of Victorian and neo-Victorian novels to show that, whilst the subject matter of these works has changed over time to suit a modern readership, the dialect representation - its form and the attitudes to language usage it communicates - is conservative. Referring to recent surveys, and through my own research with real readers, I show that nonstandard speakers are still regarded as less well-educated and of a lower social class than those who speak Standard English. This, I argue, is why writers encode such attitudes into their works and are able to manipulate readers' responses to characters. I argue that it is the interplay of text, reader, and the broader cultural context in which the work is both written and read, that gives meaning to the literary dialect and brings it within the scope of studies of the realist novel.

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Haruna, Abdullahi [Verfasser]. "African fiction and its social context. A critical analysis of social realism in Festus Iyayi's works / Abdullahi Haruna." München : GRIN Verlag, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189313782/34.

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Kolarz, Peter. "The politics of Anthony Giddens’s social theory : utopian realism and late modern social democracy beyond the Third Way." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7373/.

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This thesis takes a new approach to understanding the works of Anthony Giddens, specifically his theory of structuration, his analysis of late modernity and his political project, the Third Way. It will show that the creation of a reflexive, empowered, late-modern self is not, as a face value reading of his work would suggest, a social reality he describes, but rather a normative goal, with significant political implications. This thesis will trace this goal, as well as its theoretical background to the theory of structuration and to his analysis of late modernity, and will show that his social theory depends strongly on the creation of a political project aimed at realising the creation of this late-modern self. It will also show what the basic characteristics of such a project need to be, in order for his work to be consistent and empirically sound. This thesis will then critique his Third Way, based on those characteristics, and having shown that these are not fulfilled by the Third Way, will then show that this disjuncture is best explained by the non-adversarial character of the Third Way, and provide an outline of an alternative political project based on Giddens's work. This thesis offers a contribution to the critical literature on Anthony Giddens, and also to the literature now emerging, which tries to understand the failures and demise of the Third Way as practiced by governments in the UK and elsewhere, as well as to the debates about what shape centre-left politics in the late modern age might take. This thesis points out some key weaknesses of Giddens's work, most notably a significant disjuncture between his Third Way and previous work, whilst at the same time showing how his previous work can be used successfully to construct centre-left political platforms quite distinct from his Third Way, and rooted in an empirically justified and consistent sociological analysis.

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Kim, Bong-Gwang. "The Politics of Romance: Henry James's Social (Un)Conscious." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277823/.

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This study addresses the ideological properties of the two main modal strains in fictional representation of romance and realism in order to provide an antidote to the currently extremely negative view of the representational function of fiction. In the course of the discussion, three received positions in traditional literary criticism are challenged. Firstly, the view of literary form as ideology-free is undermined by demonstrating the ideological properties of the two modes. Secondly, the realism/romance binary opposition regarding the mode of fictional representation is critiqued by both uncovering the misconception of the former's competence for transparent representation and evincing the two modes' ideologically interactive relation. Lastly, the categorization of Henry James as an aesthete is problematized by historicizing and socializing his three texts.

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Yang, Mei. "Cinematic realism and independent filmmaking in China." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11633.

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xii, 315 p.
Independent filmmaking in China, with the directors' reiteration of literary and cinematic realism carried on from May Fourth, reflects the nation's social uneasiness triggered by the enlarging division between the enlightenment indenture and the unidirectional modernization project. Resisting the national allegories and Hollywood-style big budget fantasies made by the Fifth Generation, independent filmmakers bring back to the screen the unadorned life of city inhabitants. The meaning of "independent" and "alternative" does not exclusively lie in the production and distribution venues but is galvanized by film directors' perception and cinematic depiction of what constitutes the social realities of contemporary China. The locality of hometown and the corporeality of the filmed subjects help to sustain a legitimate image-space for the socially underrepresented, at a time when the Party co-opts the discourse of nation-state to renew their regime. Directors employ the politics of sexuality, where body is the only thing remaining in their control, to usher in a redefinition of the Party and reassure the agency of Chinese intellectuals who were betrayed during the June Fourth massacre. The exegesis of the independent generation extends to the digital video (DV) filmmakers, whose cinematic language features the increased sense of interrogation between the camera and the characters. For the directors' claims of neither representing the people nor wrestling against the Party, nonetheless, DV films retreat to a safe but enclosed space, in which the aggrandized size of the body on screen displays a fractioned and diminished self cutting off from the outside world and falling short of its full potential. Independent filmmaking in China derives its policy-shaping capacity from its increasing participants (domestic audiences, amateur filmmakers, critics, and scholars) and multiplying operative channels (film funds, online forums, and non-official archives), collectively converting filmmaking from a privilege exclusive to the state apparatus and its elite delegates to a right of self-expression belonging to each individual.
Committee in charge: Alison M. Groppe, Chairperson; Tze-Lan Sang, Member; Alisa D. Freedman, Member; David Li, Outside Member

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Stigendal, Mikael, and Andreas Novy. "Founding transdisciplinary knowledge production in critical realism: implications and benefits." Taylo&Francis Group, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6539/1/14767430.2018.pdf.

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This article explains the implications and benefits of founding transdisciplinary collaborations of knowledge production in critical realism. We call such equal partnerships of researchers and practitioners knowledge alliances. Drawing on the distinction between the referent to which we refer (the object that our research is about) and our references (our research about this object), we show that practitioners can contribute to the process of knowledge production by providing access to referents and producing references but also by achieving societal relevance. In order to accomplish excellence, knowledge production should be organized in ways that engage different types of knowledge in a constructive interplay and use the respective strong points of researchers and practitioners. Abduction and retroduction, two modes of inference vital to critical realism, are particularly inclined to benefit from involving practitioners in knowledge production. We call such an approach potential-oriented and put it in contrast to problem-orientation and the empiricism of evidence-based research and policy-making.

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Wallin, Tobias. "SVERIGES FÖRSVARS- OCH SÄKERHETSPOLITIK I FÖRÄNDRING, FRÅN LIBERALISM TILL REALISM?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-8601.

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The Swedish government states that the security policy situation in the region has changed in the last decade, mainly due to Russia's increasingly aggressive actions in Europe. In this study liberalism and realism are used to investigate how Sweden has chosen to safeguard its state security in this period. The study focuses on the Swedish defence bills from 2009 (2008/09:15) and 2015 (2014/15:109). To collect data, a qualitative text analysis was used with indicators derived from liberalism and realism. The result shows that the Swedish defence bill from 2009 is characterized by a liberal security policy where cooperation, integration and interdependence were considered to be factors that promote security. The defence bill from 2015 reflects an increase of the realistic security perspective where territorial integrity, sovereignty, independence and military defence have a higher value. The realistic view of security has thus gone from almost non-existent in the former bill to being equivalent to the liberal view of security in the latter. It is a remarkable shift that suggests that Sweden has changed its view of security in the last decade.

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Nwonka, Clive James. "Has the fire burnt out? : New Labour and the end of British social realism." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9058.

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This thesis is a retrospective analysis of British social realism. It combines conventional academic research with professional screenwriting practice in the genre. By definition, at its advent Social Realism employed documentary realist devices to explore the inequalities of society with the objective of stimulating socio-political debate about this imbalance and thus social reform. However, contemporary forms of social realism have emerged much more depoliticised, drawing on similar subject matter but using decontextualised narrative strategies. The commitment to truth now seems to consist of an aesthetic, as opposed to a sociological imperative.

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Grassbaugh, Andrea L. "Reading Jonathan Franzen as a Zombie Novelist: Addressing Reductive Assessments of Contemporary Social Realism." Walsh University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walsh1556046783239868.

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Sjösten, Angelica. "Iberoamerika - ett samarbete : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108347.

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Harrison, Paul. "Being barely there : thinking through the break-up of idealism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340438.

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38

Almqvist, Simon. "Från invasions- till insatsförsvar - En teoriprövande studie av den svenska Försvarsmaktens reformering." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22186.

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Uppsatsen behandlar den svenska Försvarsmaktens reformering från invasionsförsvar till insatsförsvar utifrån ett teoriprövande perspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera huruvida det krävs en förståelse av socialdemokraternas moraliska bevekelsegrunder och normativa utgångspunkter för att förklara reformering eller om det är tillräckligt att applicera den realistiska förklaringsmodellen för att få en djupare förståelse av reformeringen? Uppsatsen visar på att realismens och konstruktivismens teoretiska förklaringskraft till reformeringen är tillfredställande samt att den svenska säkerhetspolitiska retoriken domineras utav en nyttomaximerande logik. Därav är slutsatsen att det inte krävs en förståelse av socialdemokraternas moraliska bevekelsegrunder och normativa utgångspunkter för att förklara den svenska försvarsmaktens reformering utan det räcker att applicera den realistiska förklaringsmodellen för att få en djupare förståelse av reformeringen.
This thesis is concerned with the reformation of the Swedish Armed Forces from an operational defense force to a rapid action force on the basis of a comparative theoretical perspective. The main purpose being to analyze whether it is necessary to have an understanding of the Social Democratic Party’s moral and normative reasons to understand this shift or if it is enough to apply the realistic explanation model to appreciate the reformation. It has been shown that theoretically, the theories of realism and constructivism both satisfactorily cover the reformation; and that the Swedish security polity rhetoric is dominated by the logic of maximizing relative gains.In conclusion, this thesis shows that it does not require an understanding of the Social Democratic Party’s moral and normative reasons to comprehend the reformation of the Swedish Armed Forces. Notably, it is sufficient to apply the realistic explanation model to obtain a deeper understanding of the reformation.

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Downes, Daniel M. "Interactive realism : a study in the metaphors, models, and poetics of Cyberspace." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/NQ44414.pdf.

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Kay, William Lawrence. "The New Right and physical education : a critical analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6772.

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My thesis argues that the New Right (NR) sought to manipulate state education as a mechanism of both social transformation and social control in the UK between 1979 and 1992. This is investigated by employing a 'critical realist' perspective which is located within a wider 'neo-Marxist' conceptual frame. The links between the NR and the Radical Right (RR) Conservative governments during this period are investigated through an analysis of the origins, intentions and ascendancy of NR ideology. It is suggested that the NIRIRR's political intent was a 'hegemonic project' to shift underlying moral values from 'social democracy' to the 'social market'. This depended on the successful transmission, through education, of a definition of 'citizenship' grounded in competitive, 'selfish individualism', with the inequalities of the 'social market' accepted as 'common-sense'. My data reveal how the NRJRR conjoined symbolic and material rules and resources to draw power and authority to 'the centre' on the grounds that there was a crisis in national stability and security. Education is identified as a central mechanism in the NR!RR's 'hegemonic project'. It is shown how the RR gained control of the form, content and method of educational provision through a series of initiatives which gradually altered the structure of education and shifted provision progressively from the periphery to the centre, centralising control over curriculum and resources while devolving responsibility and accountability to schools. The argument central to my thesis is that the NR/RR sought to use physical education as a pivotal component of its 'hegemonic project'. This is revealed most clearly in the privileging of the definition of physical education as 'sport and games' in NRJRR discourse. This discourse sought to imbue pupils with values of competition, tradition, reward, meritocracy and individual responsibility: the moral values central to the 'social market'. My data outline how the NRLRR endeavoured to 'control' the 'form', 'structure', 'content' and 'methods' of physical education provision in state schools by delineating the discursive framework and text of the national curriculum physical education (NCPE), and raise critical issues relating to the relationship between policy, power and autonomy within the education system.

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Hu, Xiaoti. "Social entrepreneurship opportunities in China : a critical realist analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23233.

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Social entrepreneurship (SE) has become a rapidly advancing domain of enquiry and holds a place in policy makers consideration around the globe. Opportunities have been regarded as critical in SE, but are often portrayed in abstract and unspecified ways. Research on this topic remains relatively scarce, theory building is not yet established and integrated, and the dearth of empirical studies further constrains theoretical development in SE. Researchers have thus called for more exploration and a comprehensive theoretical understanding of SE opportunities. The purpose of this study is to explore SE opportunities through empirical investigation and theoretical development. As an exploratory study, this study addresses two broad research questions: (1) What are SE opportunities? And (2) How do they emerge? To answer these questions, I draw on the broader entrepreneurship literature which provides two main alternative explanations: opportunity discovery (nexus theory) and opportunity creation (effectuation theory). While the discovery/creation debate is still ongoing, recent theoretical advancement has shown a possible path of forwarding entrepreneurial opportunity research, suggesting that research should incorporate structure and agency simultaneously in studying opportunities. Following this path, this study contributes to SE opportunity research by providing a comprehensive understanding of SE opportunities, it also helps address the discovery/creation debate in the context of SE. To make this contribution, this study first adopts critical realism as a research philosophy as well as methodology. Critical realism incorporates the effects of both structure and agency through its ontological assumptions of three domains of reality, while providing an explanatory framework to assess competing theories. Second, this study selects China as a context for empirical study. As a relation-oriented society, China provides a useful context for studying the causal relations between the social structure (guanxi) and SE opportunity. China s institutional context and fast growing social enterprise sector also provides a promising setting for exploratory research on SE opportunities. Based on critical realism, I used a three-step qualitative multi-case study to develop an explanatory framework in which guanxi and social capital theory provide theoretical explanations of the social structure and its causal powers, which lead to SE opportunity emergence in China. Data were collected from 45 interviews with Chinese social entrepreneurs, their employees and other key stakeholders in 36 organisations in Beijing, Hunan Province and Shanghai. My research findings show that SE opportunities develop in all of the three domains defined by critical realism. In the domain of empirical a world of human experience of social events a SE opportunity can be described as discovered, created, or as both discovered and created. In the domain of actual the social events under study a SE opportunity consists of three internal and necessary constituents: unjust social equilibrium (USE), social entrepreneurs beliefs (SEB), and social feasibility (SF). In the domain of real deeper structures, causal powers and mechanism that produce the social event the emergence of SE opportunities can be seen as the result of a resource acquisition and mobilisation mechanism whereby USE, SEB and SF are identified or formed through social entrepreneurs social capital embedded in guanxi. Building on these findings, this study concludes with a theoretical framework that offers a comprehensive explanation of SE opportunity emergence in China. This study is the first attempt to apply critical realism to the study of opportunities in the context of SE in China. It contributes to the SE and general entrepreneurship literature by developing a theoretical framework of SE opportunity emergence that provides an alternative explanation for the existence of discovery and creation opportunities, and by extending our theoretical understandings of some key concepts of SE. This research further provides an example of the use of qualitative methods to apply critical realism in SE and general entrepreneurship research, which contributes to the development of relatively rigorous research design and research methods in studying complex social events.

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42

Michel, Torsten. "Shrouded in darkness : a phenomenological path towards a new social ontology in international relations." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/556.

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43

Eaude, Michael. "Arturo barea : unflinching eye : life and work of a working-class writer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0875fce4-1b04-432b-9ffb-0f0574541e0c.

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44

Almqvist, Simon. "Paradoxer - En studie av den svenska säkerhetspolitiska diskursens normativa mönster mellan åren 1999-2007." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21355.

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Uppsatsen behandlar den svenska säkerhetspolitiska diskursens normativa mönster samt ställningstagande i Kosovokonflikten år 1999, Afghanistankonflikten år 2001, Irakkonflikten år 2003 och den pågående Darfurkonflikten utifrån en realistisk förklaringsmodell. Syftet med uppsatsen är att pröva hypotesen att det förekommer paradoxer i den svenska säkerhetspolitiska retoriken kring normer som är stadgade för Sverige och att retoriken saknar intern konsistens. Uppsatsen syftar även till att undersöka huruvida den svenska statens normativa ställningstaganden styrs av en nyttomaximerande aspekt. Uppsatsen visar på att det i den svenska säkerhetspolitiska diskursen framhålls värdet i normer som underminerar varandra samt att Sveriges normativa mönster i uppsatsens valda konflikter är inkonsekvent. Uppsatsen för ett resonemang som visar på att paradoxerna i diskursen och Sveriges inkonsekventa normativa mönster bygger på en nyttomaximerande aspekt, det vill säga Sveriges normativa ställningstagande och agerande i uppsatsens valda konflikter är inte styrt av normerna i sig utan av Sveriges nationella intressen.
This thesis seeks to examine the normative pattern and positioning involved with the Swedish security policy discourse as it pertains to the recent conflicts in Kosovo 1991, Afghanistan 2001, Iraq 2003 and the ongoing conflict in Darfur; as seen through a realistic point of view. The main purpose is to test the hypothesis that there are paradoxes in the Swedish security policy discourse concerning the norms that are decreed and that the rhetoric lacks internal consistency. This thesis is also concerned with whether the normative positioning of the Swedish state is governed by maximizing relative gains. Upon examining the Swedish security policy discourse, the results show that the values behind the norms undermine each other and that the normative pattern of the Swedish political security discourse is inconsistent. Furthermore, it has been shown that the paradoxes and the inconsistent normative pattern in the discourse are governed by the logic of maximizing relative gains. In conclusion, the normative standpoint and actions of the Swedish state, concerning the conflicts in this thesis, are not governed by the norms but of the national interests of the Swedish state.

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Benbalit, Tatiana I. "The shaping of Modest Moussorgsky's musical language : an assimilation of social, artistic and folk influences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11252.

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46

Ismailov, Dzhenker. "FN, Realism och Liberalism : en textanalys av tre läroböcker i internationella relationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374673.

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47

Högberg, Örjan. "Maktlösa makthavare : En studie om kommunalt chefskap." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9778.

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Enligt den svenska förvaltningstraditionen, vilken bygger på den Weberianska byråkratimodellen, ska politiker fatta beslut och tjänstemännen verkställa dem. Men, relationen mellan politiker och tjänstemän i den kommunala vardagen förefaller inte vara så enkel. Förtroendevalda politiker upplever ett problem med att tjänstemännen har för stor makt, vilket leder till ett inflytande på den politiska processen som inte står i proportion till deras formella position. Problemet bottnar i att den Weberianska byråkratimodellen inte längre fungerar som ett vägledande ideal i praktiken. Den kommunala vardagen karakteriseras istället av en otydlighet i hur makten i praktiken konstitueras och distri-bueras i relationen mellan politiker och tjänstemän, med resultat att icke-förtroendevalda chefstjänstemän kan hamna i en maktsituation där de kommer i besittning av, förutom sin legitima chefsmakt, en reell politisk makt. Som en följd av detta kan våra svenska kommuner komma att ledas av en profession som tränger undan och kanske i praktiken övertar politisk ledning – en profession som enligt den Weberianska byråkratimodellen formellt ska vara politiskt maktlösa. Mot bakgrund av detta syftar studien till att bidra till kunskapen om de kommunala chefstjänstemännens politiska agerande och de maktförhållanden som konstituerar detta agerande. Med makt avses i avhandlingen en kapacitet att handla som ägs av agenter och som kan identifieras i kraft av chefspositionens varaktiga relationer med underliggande sociala strukturer mellan politik och förvaltning, mellan politiker och tjänstemän. Makt betraktas följaktligen som en förklaringsfaktor för att förstå chefstjänstemännens politiska agerande. Avhandlingen baseras på en fallstudie av kommunchefer, dvs. kommunens ledande tjänsteman som befinner sig i den omedelbara närheten av den kommunövergripande politiska ledningen, och som därigenom verkar i gränslandet mellan politik och administration. För att bidra till denna kunskap utvecklas i avhandlingen en analysmodell med utgångspunkt i den kritiska realismens synsätt på sociala strukturer och kausalitet. Modellen baseras på tre olika typer av analyser, en strukturell analys, en kausal analys och en förståelseanalys. Med hjälp av den strukturella analysen identifieras tre stycken strukturella maktresurser som kan ses som förbundna med den kommunala chefstjänstemannapositionen. Dessa benämns centralitet, kontroll över kritiska resurser, och närhet till makt. Med hjälp av den kausala analysen studeras vad och hur dessa maktresurser tillåter innehavaren av chefstjänstemannapositionen att påverka för att uppnå effekter. Analysen visar att de strukturella maktresurserna möjliggör för chefstjänstemannen att påverka hela den politiska beslutsprocessen genom att med rätt timing i ärendehanteringen, och de beslutsunderlag som ligger bakom detta, presentera olika problembilder och konsekvensbeskrivningar. Med hjälp av förståelseanalysen studeras chefstjänste-männens politiska agerande. Med utgångspunkt i en kritisk realistisk ansats kan de kommunala chefstjänstemännens politiska agerande förstås i termer av en proaktiv politisk roll som är inneboende i chefspositionens generiska karaktär. Den proaktiva rollen är intimt sammanlänkad med strukturella maktresurser genom det att den för sin existens kräver strukturella maktresurser som är förbundna med den kommunala chefstjänstemannapositionen.
Politicians are meant to make decisions and administrators are supposed to execute them according to the Swedish public administration tradition; a tradition built on the Weberian bureaucracy model. But, power relations between politicians and administrators in municipal practice do not appear as unambiguous as the tradition purports. Administrators have too much power according to elected officials, which in turn have an impact on the political process that is not consistent with the administrators’ formal position. This causes tension in the relations between politicians and administrators. The problem seems to stem from the fact that the Weberian bureaucracy model no longer serves as a guiding ideal in practice. Instead the local government practice is characterized by how vaguely the power is constituted and distributed in the social relation between politicians and administrators, resulting in the fact that non-elected public managers find themselves in a power position encompassing not only their legitimate managerial power, but also real political power – which is not consistent with the ideal bureaucracy model according to which this type of power is reserved only for elected officials. As a result the Swedish municipalities may be run by a profession that in practice take over the political leadership; a profession that in keeping with the Weberian ideal model is supposed to be powerless. This dissertation aims to contribute to field of knowledge concerning the municipal administrators’ political actions and the power relations constituting this behaviour. For the purpose of this dissertation the term power intends a capacity to act inherent in agents and that can be identified by virtue of the managerial position’s lasting relations with underlying social structures between politics and administration, between politicians and public administrators. Power is thus looked upon as an element of explanation in understanding public managers political behaviour. The dissertation is based on a case study of municipal managers, i e the leading public administrator in a municipality who is in the immediate proximity to the overall political leadership and thereby serves in the borderland between politics and administration. A model of analysis is developed with its basis in the critical realism’s approach on social structures and causality- The model is based on three different types of analyses, a structural analysis, a causal analysis, and an analysis of understanding. The structural analysis helps identify three structural power resources that are associated with the municipal management position; centrality, control over critical resources, and nearness to power. By means of the causal analysis one studies what and how these power resources permit the holder of the managerial position to influence in order to achieve certain effects. The analysis shows that the structural power resources make it possible for the public managers to influence the political decision making process through right timing in delivering official documents, along with the decision support data, presenting different problem areas and consequences of these. With the support of the analysis of understanding the municipal manager’s political behaviour is studied. With reference to a critical realist approach the answer is that the public managers’ political behaviour can be understood in terms of a proactive political role inherent in the managerial positions generic character. The role is strictly interconnected with the structural power resources due to the fact that the role requires, for its existence, structural power resources as are associated with the municipal managerial position.

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48

Bengtsson, Martin, and Sven-Erik Pettersson. "Påverkar en diskussion av ett signalement med ett annat vittne realismen i konfidensbedömningarna vid en identifiering i en bildkonfrontation?" Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13747.

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Studien undersökte hur realismen i vittnens konfidensbedömningar av sina identifikationsminnen påverkas av att vittnena diskuterar rapporterade signalementen med varandra innan de, var för sig, gör utpekanden i en vittneskonfrontation. Deltagarna fick se en filmatisering av ett fingerat bilinbrott och därefter avge ett skriftligt signalement. Hälften av deltagarna (n=32) fick sedan diskutera sig fram till ett gemensamt signalement (parvillkor) medan andra hälften (n=32) fick avge ett muntligt signalement (individvillkor). Därefter fick deltagarna individuellt göra utpekanden i en sekventiell bildkonfrontation och göra konfidensbedömningar. Realismen i konfidensbedömningarna beräknades enligt kalibreringsmetodik och resultaten för de båda villkoren jämfördes med t-tester. Vi fann att realismen för parvillkoret var signifikant bättre än för individvillkoret för måttet kalibrering. Vi fann också att konfidensen i parvillkoret var signifikant högre i de fall de avgett samma svar än i de fall de avgett olika svar. Olika möjliga förklaringar till resultaten presenterades.

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Rosenlöf, Jens. "Alliansen: Samarbete och maktkamp." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22730.

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Denna studie behandlar de statliga intressen som bidrar till att Nato fortsätter att vara en attraktiv institution för stater, då hotet den bildades för att möta har försvunnit. Jag har utgått ifrån min hypotes att det finns varierande intressen hos staterna beroende på deras kapacitet och maktposition i systemet, som gör det lönsamt för staterna att fortsätta verka inom institutionen. I studien används realismen för att finna och identifiera dessa intressen hos USA, Frankrike och Polen som alla är medlemmar av Nato, men även den liberala institutionalismen avvänds som ett komplement till realismen. Mina resultat bekräftade min hypotes om staternas egenintressen i organisationen, och visade att Nato främst är en arena för staterna att utöva och utöka sin makt och sitt inflytande över andra stater. I USA:s fall handlar det om att fördröja och kanske förhindra att ett europeiskt försvarssamarbete tar form och utvecklar kapacitet att utmana deras unipolära ställning. De två andra staterna har valt att två olika hållningar mot USA, där Frankrike använder sig utav balancing för att begränsa USA:s inflytande och Polen använder sig utav en bangwagoning strategi gentemot USA, för att vinna fördelar.
This essay considers the national interests of the states who are members in NATO and their incitement to continue their membership, though the threat that the alliance was formed to counter has dissolved. With a starting point in my theory I have derived a hypothesis that there are self – centred interests of the states that would explain the persistence of Nato, and these interests varies between the states because of their different capacities and power position. For this study I have used the realist theory to find and identify these self – centred interests within USA, France and Poland who all are members of NATO. I have also used the liberal institutional theory to complement the realist theory. As a result of this essay I found that my hypothesis was valid, and showed that NATO was primarily an arena for the states to exercise and pursue power and influence. I found that the US interest in NATO primary concerns the possibility to delay or prevent the Europeans to adapt a European security organisation that might challenge the US unipolar position. France and Poland has adopted different strategies against the US. France has adopted a balancing strategy to oppose the US, while Poland is bandwagoning with the US to gain some advantages.

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50

Nichols, Jeffrey Alan. "Everywhere You Look." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/619.

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Everywhere You Look documents the genesis, production process, performance history, and rewrites of a script informed by a concern for social justice issues in contemporary America. In the quest to generate believable, naturalistic dialogue and behavior informed by important questions of religious conviction, civil liberties, and the viability of violence as a political solution, the script is cast as social realism. After a discussion of the critical context in which the play exists, the lessons and pitfalls of collaboration in the production process are charted. A rewritten script is generated from a process of performance, talk-backs sessions, and committee recommendations. The thesis document includes Appendices containing pre-production and post-production versions of the script, as well as images from the program and color photos of the original thesis production.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social realism'

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