To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Social reform; Nineteenth century.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social reform; Nineteenth century'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Social reform; Nineteenth century.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Doern, Kristin G. "Temperance and feminism in England, c.1790-1890 : women's weapons - prayer, pen and platform." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326937.
Full text
2
Egan, Matt. "The 'manufacture' of mental defectives in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1040/.
Full textAbstract:
There has recently been a proliferation of historical studies of mental deficiency in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England, exploring the subject within its administrative, medical, educational and social contexts. This thesis contributes to the history of mental deficiency by describing developments that took place in Scotland. It focuses on the sharp increase in the proportion of the Scottish population labelled mentally defective during the period. This increase can be ascribed to the implementation of state policies geared towards the identification and segregation of mental defectives, but it also reflects a tendency amongst influential professional groups (notably, doctors and teachers) to broaden their definition of mental deficiency to include more people of higher ability. People were labelled mentally defective who would not have been regarded as such in earlier years; as one contemporary put it, 'the present policy tends to manufacture mental defectives'. This broadening of definitions occurred within the context of the Poor Law and lunacy administrations, but an analysis of quantitative and qualitative source material shows that it was within the state education system that most of Scotland's mental defectives were initially identified and segregated from their peers. The thesis also describes how various forms of segregated provision for mental defectives developed and expanded in Scotland over the period, taking into account special education, institutionalisation, boarding-out and other community-based forms of care and supervision. Finally, the roles of mental defectives and their families are considered, illustrating how they could influence mental deficiency provision through acts of co-operation and resistance, but also how their influence waned as the state assumed greater powers to intervene in the private lives of its citizens.
3
Kinloch, Helen University of Ballarat. "Ballarat and its benevolent asylum : A nineteenth-century model of Christian duty, civic progress and social reform." University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12704.
Full textAbstract:
"This study of Ballarat and its Asylum covers the period between the 1850s and the early 1900s when an old-age pension was introduced in Victoria. It is essentially a case study. It argues that Ballarat's Asylum progressively developed and expanded upon a model of organised poor relief practiced among the industrial classes in England, in consequence of the perceived need for rapid capital expansion in Australia, and knowledge of the dangers associated with mining, building construction, and other manual work. The introduction of a secular education system in Victoria, together with enthusiasm among producers for technological innovation and skill development, led to changes in the nature and conditions of paid work, as well as to a push among workers and their sympathizers for greater appreciation of past contributions by older workers and the needs of the ill and/or incapacitated. This push was only partially addressed by the Victorian government in 1901 when it introduced the old-age pension."Doctor of Philosophy
4
Kinloch, Helen. "Ballarat and its benevolent asylum : A nineteenth-century model of Christian duty, civic progress and social reform." University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14629.
Full textAbstract:
"This study of Ballarat and its Asylum covers the period between the 1850s and the early 1900s when an old-age pension was introduced in Victoria. It is essentially a case study. It argues that Ballarat's Asylum progressively developed and expanded upon a model of organised poor relief practiced among the industrial classes in England, in consequence of the perceived need for rapid capital expansion in Australia, and knowledge of the dangers associated with mining, building construction, and other manual work. The introduction of a secular education system in Victoria, together with enthusiasm among producers for technological innovation and skill development, led to changes in the nature and conditions of paid work, as well as to a push among workers and their sympathizers for greater appreciation of past contributions by older workers and the needs of the ill and/or incapacitated. This push was only partially addressed by the Victorian government in 1901 when it introduced the old-age pension."Doctor of Philosophy
5
Brown, Aubrey E. "A Palace for the Poor: The Knox County Infirmary and Nineteenth Century Social Reform in Rural Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1369314525.
Full text
6
Fraser, Stuart. "Exiled from glory : Anglo-Indian settlement in nineteenth-century Britain, with special reference to Cheltenham." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2003. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3082/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is a study of the Anglo-Indians, many of whom settled in Cheltenham during the major part of the nineteenth century including a database of Anglo-Indians connected with Cheltenham compiled from a wide variety of sources. A number of conclusions are made about the role of the Anglo-Indians and their position in the middle class. These include estimates of the number of Anglo-Indians in Cheltenham and their contribution to the development of the town. Studies of a number of individuals has provided evidence for an analysis of Anglo-Indian attitudes and values, especially in relation to such issues as identity, status, beliefs and education. Separate chapters deal with the middle-class life-style of the Anglo-Indians as it developed in Cheltenham and elsewhere. The importance of the family and friendship links is examined and compared to the experience of other middle-class people in the Victorian period. The strength of religion and its contribution to Anglo-Indian values is investigated, especially the influence of the evangelical movement. The crucial role of education is highlighted especially with the growth of the public schools. The role of the middle class, and especially the Anglo-Indians, in the rise of voluntary societies and other public work is examined. It is also demonstrated how the Anglo-Indians represented a wide range of incomes, despite the sharing of particular values and beliefs. A study of Anglo-Indian women further develops an understanding of the position of the family and how it differed from the normal middle-class expectations. The study concludes with an appreciation of the circumstances which led many Anglo-Indians to feel alienated to some degree from their fellow countrymen, while at the same time recognising that many of their attitudes and values were very similar to the section of the middle class referred to as the pseudo-gentry.
7
Gilbertson, Alice Marie Sorenson. "The hidden ones female leadership in the nineteenth-century educational reform movement and in sentimental-domestic fiction, 1820-1870 /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9500705.
Full text
8
Cahif, Jacqueline. "'She supposes herself cured' : almshouse women and venereal disease in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2303/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation will explore the lives, experiences and medical histories of diseased almshouse women living in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia. During this period Philadelphia matured from being a relatively small colonial city into a major manufacturing metropolis. Venereal disease was omnipresent in America’s major port city, and diseased residents were surrounded by a thriving medical marketplace. Historians have identified the “who and why” of prostitution, however the scope of the prostitute experience has yet to be fully explored. This dissertation will address a considerable and important gap in the historiography of prostitutes’ lives as it actually affected women. Venereal disease was an ever present threat for women engaging in prostitution, however casual, and historians have yet to illuminate the narrower aspects of the already shadowy lives of such women. Whether intentionally or by omission, historians have often denied agency to prostitutes and the diseased women associated with them, the effect of which has drained this group of sometimes assertive women of any individuality. While some women lived in circumstances and carried out activities that came to the attention of the courts, others lived more understated lives. A large proportion of the women in this study led the lives of “ordinary” women, and prostitution per se was not the only focal point of their existence. For many almshouse women their only unifying variables were disease, time and place. While prostitutes were often victims of economic adversity, they made a choice to engage in prostitution in the face of hardship and sickness. The overall aim is to consider the diseased female patient’s perspective, in an effort to illuminate how she confronted venereal infection within the context of the medical marketplace. This includes the actions she took, and how she negotiated with those in positions of authority, whose aim was sometimes -although not always- to curtail her activities. As many diseased women became more acquainted with the poor relief system of medical welfare, they were able to manipulate the lack of coherent strategy “from above”, which left room for assertive behaviour “from below”. Diseased women did not always use the almshouse as a last resort-institution as historians often have us believe. Many selected the infirmary wing as opposed to other outlets of healthcare in Philadelphia, a city that was often labelled the crucible of medicine. There is also an oft-believed notion that prostitutes and lower class women suffering from venereal disease were habitually saturated with mercury “punitive-style” as treatment for their condition. This argument does not hold for those women who were cared for in the venereal ward of the almshouse’s infirmary wing. Broadly speaking, almshouse doctors did not sanction drastic depletion and the use of mercury compounds unless deemed absolutely necessary. Many almshouse doctors adopted a different therapeutic approach as compared with that of Benjamin Rush and his followers who dominated therapy at the Pennsylvania Hospital, a voluntary institution mostly closed off to venereal women. Such medical differences reflected wider transformations in ideas of disease causation, therapeutic approaches, medical education as well as doctor-patient relationships.
9
Chacon, Heather E. "A PUBLIC DUTY: MEDICINE AND COMMERCE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/22.
Full textAbstract:
Using recent criticism on speculation and disability in addition to archival materials, “A Public Duty: Medicine and Commerce in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture” demonstrates that reform-minded nineteenth-century authors drew upon the representational power of public health to express excitement and anxiety about the United States’ emerging economic and political prominence. Breaking with a critical tradition holding that the professionalization of medicine and authorship served primarily to support and define an ascending middle class, I argue that the authors such as Robert Montgomery Bird, Fanny Fern, George Washington Cable, and Pauline Hopkins fuse the rhetoric of economic policy and public health to advocate that the era’s disenfranchised “ill” (classified as such due to demographic factors or disability/disease) be recognized as worthy citizens capable of enhancing the economic and cultural wealth of the nation.
While many nineteenth-century authors drew upon the ability for sickness and death to unify disparate peoples, such instances often tend toward sentimentalism, imparting the message of inclusion by invoking readers’ sympathy. The authors included in my project, however, do not fit this mode. Instead, they used their works to insinuate that looking after the health and welfare of one’s fellow humans was simply good economics. In featuring issues of public health rather than private disability, depicting illness realistically in accordance with medical treatises and beliefs of the period, and showing the widespread consequences of disease these writers rely on their readers’ desire for economic prosperity, rather than affect, as a catalyst for social solidarity in a capitalist society. As such, my project causes us to rethink how the ascent of the novel not only helped define, but also challenged and critiqued, the identity-politics of an emerging middle class. By showing the authors studied in “A Public Duty” used literature’s pedagogical potential to argue the “sick” literally and figuratively had worth, I demonstrates these writers’ works help create and support a reconceptualization of the political body suiting a country poised to assume global prominence and urged their readers to see the variety of people living in the United States as a source of national innovation and strength.
10
Fiesta, Melissa Jane. "Creating homeplaces for social reform: A study of key activist rhetorics by Anglo-American women in nineteenth-century America, 1837-1879." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283990.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines commonplaces in influential Anglo-American women's activist rhetorics of the mid-nineteenth century. In contemporary rhetorical theory commonplaces refer to "opinions or assumptions...that people generally consider persuasive" (Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives 56). Because the persuasiveness of evidence depends on the assumptions that audiences hold, Cicero defines commonplaces as "the very homes of all proofs" (2.39.162). Social-activist rhetorics by nineteenth-century women literally relocated the homes of proofs to challenge previous assumptions. Nineteenth-century audiences generally considered persuasive the assumption that women should not speak or write on matters of public policy outside of the home. As a result, most audiences found evidence that corroborated this assumption to be true rather than simply more persuasive in a given set of historical circumstances. Women social-activists undertook the arduous task of convincing audiences that this evidence could not withstand every rhetorical situation, including social reform movements that extended women's homes into society. Homeplaces figure in how women could define social reform issues as well as their own characters as rhetors, in nineteenth-century America. Whether activist or nonactivist, nineteenth-century rhetorics commonly take character construction as an integral part of women's spiritual province within the home (see Barbara Welter). Female rhetors relocated homeplaces in effective ethos constructions, wherein character resides in discourse rather than in preconceived notions about the character of all women (Aristotle 1356a2-13). In this case women's embodied presence made these preconceived notions unavoidable, however. Widely held social beliefs about women's role in the home contested the ethos of women who engaged social issues in "the public sphere." While nineteenth-century conservatives posit a static conception of the public sphere as an indeterminate location opposed to the private sphere of home, even their arguments demonstrate the fluidity of the term public. Activists use this rhetoric to constitute multiple publics for women, publics that reside both inside and outside the home. The revised homeplaces of nineteenth-century female rhetors bequeath a rhetorical legacy to social-activists.
11
Thompson-Gillis, Heather Joy. ""Maddened by wine and by passion" the construction of gender and race in nineteenth-century American temperance literature /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1181073516.
Full text
12
Geis, Amy Lynn. "“The Key to All Reform”: Mormon Women, Religious Identity, and Suffrage, 1887-1920." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430420424.
Full text
13
Oddleifson, Willa D. ""A Facade of Most Exquisite Gallantry": The French Educational Reforms of the Late Nineteenth Century and their Impact on Women's Education." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/290.
Full textAbstract:
A critical study of the education reform laws of the 1880s in France; specifically the Ferry laws and the Camille See law. How these laws affected women's education and more broadly, the place of women in French society. The ideologies of universalism and laicite and how they affected women's education, specifically the exclusion of women from French society based on the suppression of difference inherent in universalism.
14
Dunnington, Jeffrey. "A Study of the Journal of Elisha P. Hurlbut, American Social Reformer, 1858-1887." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3325.
Full textAbstract:
The life of Elisha P. Hurlbut (1807-1889) has been mostly forgotten since his death. This examination of his personal journal, which he wrote from 1858 to 1887, brings back to the forefront an influential figure that lived most of his life in and around Albany, New York. Prior to beginning the journal, Hurlbut was a lawyer and then a Supreme Court justice in New York. Seven years after retiring from public life in 1851, he commenced work on the journal that provided a detailed social and political commentary on New York, the United States, and the world as a whole. While the journal offers detailed insight into many specific subjects, this thesis focuses on Hurlbut’s views and expertise in civil rights, religion, and phrenology. This body of work will demonstrate how he shaped arguments for equality for all people, despised the influence of organized religion, and was a leader in phrenological studies.
15
Gosling, Edward Peter Joshua. "Tommy Atkins, War Office reform and the social and cultural presence of the late-Victorian army in Britain, c.1868-1899." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4359.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the development of the soldier in late-Victorian Britain in light of the movement to rehabilitate the public image of the ordinary ranks initiated by the Cardwell-Childers Reforms. Venerated in popular culture, Tommy Atkins became a symbol of British imperial strength and heroism. Socially, however, attitudes to the rank-and-file were defined by a pragmatic realism purged of such sentiments, the likes of which would characterise the British public’s relationship with their army for over thirty years. Scholars of both imperial culture and the Victorian military have identified this dual persona of Tommy Atkins, however, a dedicated study into the true nature of the soldier’s position has yet to be undertaken. The following research will seek to redress this omission. The soldier is approached through the perspective of three key influences which defined his development. The first influence, the politics of the War Office, exposes a progressive series of schemes which, cultivated for over a decade, sought to redefine the soldier through the popularisation of military service and the professionalisation of the military’s public relations strategy and apparatus. A forgotten component of the Cardwell-Childers Reforms, the schemes have not before been scrutinised. Despite the ingenuity of the schemes devised, the social rehabilitation of the soldier failed, primarily, it will be argued, because the government refused to improve his pay. The public’s response to the Cardwell-Childers Reforms and the British perception of the ordinary soldier in the decades following their introduction form the second perspective. Through surveys of the local and London press and mainstream literature, it is demonstrated the soldier, in part as a result of the reforms, underwent a social transition, precipitated by his entering the public consciousness and encouraged by a resulting fascination in the military life. The final perspective presented in this thesis is from within the rank-and-file itself. Through the examination of specialist newspaper, diary and memoir material the direct experiences of the soldiers themselves are explored. Amid the extensive public and political discussion of their nature and status, the soldier also engaged in the debate. The perspective of the rank-and-file provides direct context for the established perspectives of the British public and the War Office, but also highlights how the soldier both supported and opposed the reforms and was acutely aware of the social status he possessed. This thesis will examine the public and political treatment of the soldier in the late-nineteenth century and question how far the conflicting ideas of soldier-hero and soldier-beggar were reconciled.
16
Clark, Joannah Kate. "Prison Reform in Nineteenth-Century British-India." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10695.
Full textAbstract:
By the beginning of the nineteenth century imprisonment was slowly becoming the favoured form of punishment for criminals in Britain and wider Europe. The nineteenth century was therefore a time when penal institutions were coming under scrutiny. In British-India, the Prison Discipline Committee of 1838 and the 1864 Inquiry Committee attempted to address a number of issues within the colonial Indian jails ranging from discipline and administration to health, labour and rehabilitation. There are important questions that need to be more thoroughly explored in relation to these periods of reform: What were the different points of emphasis of the proposed reforms in each period? What continuity or change can be observed between 1838 and 1864 and what accounted for it? The prison reform of this period in India reflected the various and fluctuating ideas on punishment and criminality that also characterised Britain, America and Europe. However, the approach of the 1838 Prison Discipline Committee and the 1864 Inquiry Committee often attested to the British preoccupation with “progress” and asserting control over the Indian population rather than addressing the needs of the prisoners. Furthermore, the conceptualization of Indian criminals by the British impacted upon ideas relating to convict rehabilitation. Although work has been done in this area of British-India’s history, there is a need to draw together the various threads of reform to create a clearer picture of the overall character and development of prison reform in nineteenth-century British-India.
17
Moore, Douglas R. "Appropriating justice : Victorian literature and nineteenth-century law reform /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1483471651&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007."Department of English." Keywords: Bulwer-Lytton, Collins, Wilkie, Trollope, Anthony, Browning, Robert, Lytton, Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron, Justice, Victorian, Law reform, Nineteenth century Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-281). Also available online.
18
Wilson, Heather Belle. "Women, faith and reform in late nineteenth century South Australia /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw748.pdf.
Full text
19
Murray, Robert Paul. "Reform in the land of Serf and Slave, 1825-1861." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32645.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that the significance of pre-Civil War southern opposition to slavery has been largely marginalized and mischaracterized by previous historiography. By contextualizing southern antislavery activism as but a single wing within a broader reformist movement, historians can move beyond simplistic interpretations of these antislavery advocates as fool-hardy and tangential â losers.â While opposition to slavery constituted a key goal for these reformers, it was not their only aspiration, and they secured considerable success in other aspects of reform. Nineteenth-century Russians, simultaneously struggling with their own system of bonded labor, offer excellent counterpoints to reorient the role of antebellum southern reformers. Through their shared commitment to reforming liberalism, a preference for gradualism as the vehicle of change, and a shared intellectual framework based upon new theories of political economy, the Russian and southernersâ histories highlight a transatlantic intellectual community in which southern reformers were full members. Adapting multiple theories from this transnational exchange of ideas, southern reformers were remarkably liminal figures useful for contemporary scholarly exploration into the nineteenth-century culture of reform. Ultimately, it was this liminality coupled with the inegalitarian nature of their movement that ensured that the southern antislavery movement would fail to secure a gradual demise to slavery.Master of Arts
20
Hoover, Douglas Pearson. "Women in nineteenth-century Pullman." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.
Full textAbstract:
Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.
21
Pearce, Trevor Gregory. "A Divided Elite: Governance and Prison Reform in Early Nineteenth Century Bristol." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524706.
Full text
22
Lu, Emily Q. "Hangul Nationalism: Missionary and Other Outside Influences in Nineteenth-Century Korean Writing Reform." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3778.
Full textAbstract:
Korea had traditionally confined literacy to a small elite ruling class, who were trained to read and write in Chinese characters until the end of the nineteenth century. Literacy education must be made both easier and more accessible, argued Korean intellectuals who endorsed the promotion of hangul, a phonetic native Korean alphabet that had only been circulating among the less privileged. The notion that hangul should become the standardized national script of Korea has also been voiced by Western missionaries in the country. Korean nationalists who became heavily influenced by Christianity further elaborated this goal. A nationalistic movement to promote mass literacy and to reclaim Korea’s lost cultural legacy had a foreign origin that had been overlooked for a long time. This thesis seeks to analyze the degree to which foreign influences had on the inception of Korea’s scripto-nationalism.
23
Durston, Gregory J. "Criminal and constable : the impact of policing reform on crime in nineteenth century London." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2779/.
Full textAbstract:
Educated Londoners in the early 1800s, frightened by crime, tended to demonize the city's criminals, attributing sophistication, organisation and vigour to them. In reality, conventional Metropolitan crime was the product of acute social disorganisation, most of its exponents coming from a marginalised stratum of the urban lower working class. Change in Metropolitan policing was heavily oriented towards combating the unsophisticated, opportunistic, street crime and public disorder that characterised this group's deviance, and (independently of this) at promoting new standards of public order and decorum. The new police made an important, if sometimes exaggerated, contribution to the major reduction in Metropolitan street crime, pickpocketing, robbery, theft from shop fronts, assaults etc. that occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century. They also contributed significantly to the reduction in most other forms of deviance, as well as dramatically enhancing public order. However, historically, the significance of a simple police presence on the streets has been greatly exaggerated. The Metropolitan force were most effective against crime indirectly, promoting social discipline in a manner that closely accords with modern 'broken windows' theory. They were much less successful in directly combating conventional crime. As this became increasingly apparent in the decades after 1829, many came to believe that the institutional result achieved in 1829, and characterised by the triumph of the 'Peelite' school of preventative policing, was inherently flawed. This prompted further change, in particular, a major reassessment of the importance of detective work. Additionally, although a 'broken windows' approach to policing was fairly effective, it had an inescapable darker side. The imposition of new standards of public behaviour and order impinged on many 'traditional' and popular aspects of urban working class life, exciting bitter antipathy amongst the policed. It threatened long accepted civil liberties, which were increasingly attenuated during the century, and impinged on rights to 'due process', which, for minor offences, were greatly reduced. Even more alarmingly, the 'broken windows' approach to urban policing was the raw material for police abuse of power, whether in the form of corruption, perjury or brutality. This was, in part, the price paid for the radically improved personal and public security of the late Victorian period.
24
Bissell, G. "Time, agency, and social thought in nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373217.
Full text
25
Tongra-ar, Rapin. "Fanny Fern: A Social Critic in Nineteenth-Century America." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278370/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores Fanny Fern's literary position and her role as a social critic of American lives and attitudes in the nineteenth-century. A reexamination of Fern's literary and non-literary works sheds light on her firm stand for the betterment of all mankind. The diversity and multiplicity of Fern's social criticism and her social reform attitudes, evident in Ruth Hall. Rose Clark, and in voluminous newspaper articles, not only prove her concern for society's well-being, but also reflect her development of and commitment to her writing career.
26
Robson, Lisa M. "The spirit of cleavage, pedagogy, gender, and reform in early nineteenth-century British women's fiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27428.pdf.
Full text
27
Kruczek-Aaron, Hadley. "Struggling with moral authority religion, reform, and everyday life in nineteenth-century Smithfield, New York /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. https://login.libezproxy2.syr.edu/login?qurl=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1441187511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
28
Thomas, Katie-Louise. "A national correspondence : Post Office reform and fictions of communication in nineteenth-century British culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249927.
Full text
29
Brown, Reg. "Illuminating the nineteenth century : a social history of gas lighting." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274466.
Full text
30
Hession, Peter. "Social authority and the urban environment in nineteenth century Cork." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280597.
Full textAbstract:
The history of nineteenth-century Ireland has traditionally been understood in terms of resistance to state coercion imposed ‘at the point of a bayonet’. This thesis offers an alternative approach by shifting focus away from metropolitan centres of power (Westminster, Dublin Castle) and the state's formal apparatus, toward an understanding of power as environmentally constructed. Using the case of Cork, the thesis traces the emergence of a non-sectarian ethos of urban ‘politeness’ rooted in middle-class reactions to the violent upheavals of the 1790s. Here, I argue a range of new public spaces emerged to ‘moralise’ the masses, anticipating state legislation by decades. In chapters on the spread of time-keeping technology and the reform of market spaces, the thesis argues effective authority inhered as much in clocks and weights as ‘at the point of a bayonet’. The corresponding rise of the ‘private sphere’, materialising the ideology of ‘separate spheres’ in the city’s first suburbs, provided an alternative pole of moral reform. Here, the invisible agency of pipes and sewers helped to privatize the burden of ‘healthy living’, severing the link between poverty and disease long before ‘Famine fever’ ravaged the city. And when it hit, John Stuart Mill was not alone in dreaming of a ‘tabula rasa’; the ‘Father of Temperance’ Theobald Mathew and his allies expressed precisely this view, ‘feminizing’ the catastrophe as a moment to ‘cleanse’ the city of morally ‘diseased’ prostitutes. Free from such ‘contamination’, new spaces devoted to recreation – parks, theatres, and racecourses – were engineered as arenas ‘free’ from state oversight, with citizens instead positioned to survey one another. The thesis concludes with a call to reinterpret resistance to the state in terms of the ‘rule of freedom’ as much as that of force. The seven chapters and conclusion of the thesis are divided into three parts: ‘The Polite City’, ‘The Purified City’ and ‘The Liberal City’. These overarching themes provide a framework to the chronological and thematic development of the thesis as a whole. The first three chapters explore the rising ethos of ‘politeness’ as an ‘improving’ ideology which sought to engineer certain forms of conduct – domestic, social, and commercial – into the fabric of everyday urban life. Crucial to this was the notion of non-coercive governance aimed at securing ‘the right disposition of things, arranged ... to a convenient end’. ‘The Purified City’ explores ways in which the Famine helped to ‘naturalise’ the alienation of certain classes of deviant from the ‘social body’ of the urban community. ‘The Liberal City’ looks at how mid-Victorian city also invited the consent of the governed by creating spaces where citizenship could be performed in acts of leisure and recreation. It was in this sense that fin de siècle cultural nationalists saw the greatest threat to a revival of Irish popular culture as arising not from police stations or military barracks, but from the respectable world of suburban ‘politeness’.
31
Schmitz, Lyane. "The innovation of nineteenth-century annuals : a new social influence." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-innovation-of-nineteenthcentury-annuals--a-new-social-influence(6c12240d-3dd8-4d49-ab1d-180d5d070a6e).html.
Full textAbstract:
The overall image of giftbooks remains very negative for much of their critical history,and their contents are frequently depicted as unworthy of further attention. As a result, little is known about the social influences literary annuals triggered. By analysing the mediations between annuals and the context in which these books evolved, this thesis firstly tries to demonstrate their high popularity. As a social phenomenon of the nineteenth century, literary annuals cannot longer be ignored. To validate this proposition, advertisements published in periodicals of the years 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835 and 1838 have been analysed and some critical reviews written by several contemporary critics, especially William M. Thackeray and Christian Isobel Johnstone have been explored. Even though annuals were very popular with the reading public in the early nineteenth century, their negative reputation persists. Therefore, by examining the Keepsake from 1829 until 1839, in terms of numbers of male and female contributors, this project seeks to show that although male writers felt threatened by female authors their fears were groundless. However, the bad perception of annuals affected works by canonical authors such as Mary Shelley, whose tales have often been excluded from the recognised canon. This thesis is therefore focusing on the short stories Mary Shelley has provided for the Keepsake, in order to show that the techniques (frame narratives, first person narratives and the introduction of Gothic elements), she used, permitted her to write stories dressed up for the Keepsake audience by including moral behaviour. That annuals were sources of morality and public education cannot only be seen in these writings but also in the engravings and themes depicted. In addition, this project will contribute to future research on literary annuals as it reveals both the importance of tales over poetry, and the importance of Gothic and Oriental writing in the culture of the 1820s and 30s.
32
Kee, Tara White. "No place for the dead the struggle for burial reform in mid-nineteenth-century London (England) /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.91 Mb., 320 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200544.
Full text
33
Ralston, Pamela G. "Rewording power : examining the role of first-person narratives in nineteenth-century nationalist and reform movements /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6680.
Full text
34
Cheshier, Laura Kay. "Symptomatic identities: lovesickness and the nineteenth-century British novel." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6001.
Full textAbstract:
Lovesickness is a common malady in British literature, but it is also an illness
that has been perceived and diagnosed differently in different eras. The nineteenthcentury
British novel incorporates a lovesickness that primarily affects women with
physical symptoms, including fever, that may end in a female character's death. The
fever of female lovesickness includes a delirium that allows a female character to play
out the identity crisis she must feel at the loss of a significant relationship and possibly
of her social status. Commonly conflated with a type of female madness, the nineteenthcentury
novelists often focus less on the delirium and more on the physical symptoms of
illness that affect a female character at the loss of love. These physical symptoms require
physical care from other characters and often grant the heroine status and comfort.
Jane Austen, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Dickens all use subtle variations in
lovesickness to identify the presence or absence of a female character's virtue. Jane
Austen established lovesickness as a necessary experience for female characters, who
choose only if they reveal or conceal their symptoms to a watchful public. Elizabeth
Gaskell established both a comic socially constructed lovesickness in which a female
character can participate if she is aware of popular culture and a spontaneous
lovesickness that affects socially unaware female characters and leads to death. Charles Dickens establishes lovesickness as culturally pervasive by writing a female character
who stages lovesickness for the purpose of causing pain to others and a female character
who is immune to lovesickness and the rhetoric of love, yet is consistently spoken into
others' love stories. Lovesickness becomes a barometer of the soul in several nineteenthcentury
novels by which we read a heroine's virtue or lack of virtue and the depth of her
loss.
35
York, Sarah Hayley. "Suicide, lunacy and the asylum in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/801/.
Full textAbstract:
Suicidal patients constituted a significant proportion of the annual admissions to nineteenth-century public lunatic asylums. They formed a distinct patient category that required treatment and management strategies that were capable of frustrating their suicidal propensity and alleviating their mental affliction. Yet despite being relatively large in number, the suicidal population of public asylums has received only nominal attention in the history of nineteenth-century psychiatry. This thesis examines the admission, discharge, treatment and management of suicidal lunatics over the course of the nineteenth century. It locates suicide and suicidal behaviour within the context of the asylum and uncovers the experiences of patients, their families and asylum staff. There is a distinct appreciation of the broader social and political context in which the asylum operated and how this affected suicide prevention and management. This thesis argues that suicidal behaviour, because of the danger associated with it, triggered admission to the asylum and, once admitted, dangerousness and risk continued to dictate the asylum’s handling of suicidal patients. Rather than cure and custody, it was protection and prevention versus control that dominated the asylum’s treatment of suicidal lunatics. Conclusions are drawn based on evidence from five asylum case studies and contemporary publications.
36
Bishop, Lisa Brenner. "A Social History of the Private Fence in Nineteenth-Century America." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626242.
Full text
37
MacKenzie, Stuart G. "Early nineteenth century burgh gaols in the northern counties of Scotland : the old system and its reform." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25207.
Full text
38
Nielsen, Caroline Louise. "The Chelsea out-pensioners : image and reality in eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century social care." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2702.
Full textAbstract:
The residential Royal Hospital of Chelsea for ‘old, lame and infirme’ soldiers was founded in 1681. Within a decade, this small hospital rapidly became the centre of one of the most extensive and efficient occupational and disability pension systems that has ever existed in Britain: the Chelsea Out-Pension. Over the course of the long eighteenth-century, the Hospital conducted over 80,000 investigations into the medical problems and service histories of poor and sickly men, setting contemporary standards of male fitness and pensionable physical infirmity. This thesis is the first modern study to explore and contextualize this complex pension system in detail. It locates their experiences in wider social debates about the Poor Law, philanthropy, and the perceived implications of continuous welfare relief in early modern society. A detailed account of the development and bureaucracy of the pension administration is given, exploiting original research into the Hospital’s vast surviving archive. The pension system was based on a system of legally enshrined regular medical examinations designed to avoid accusations of improvidence. Surgeons and civil servants were in effect offering a legal guarantee about the aetiologies of men’s long-term disabilities. In practice, however, Chelsea’s rigid admission structures were frequently undermined by prevailing notions of paternalism, social status, and patriotic philanthropy. This study highlights how a small number of Pensioners responded to this system and the attitudes which surrounded it. The demographic characteristics of the Out-Pensioners between 1715 and 1793 are analysed, demonstrating the fluid nature of the concept of total physical impairment. Finally, the thesis surveys the evolving cultural identity of the ‘veteran’ old soldier. The maimed body of the aging soldier became an unlikely exemplar of British masculine national identity, wherein personal narratives of familial domesticity compensated for emasculating disability and declining physical health.
39
Principe, Jill Catherine. "Clay Landing: A Nineteenth Century Rural Community on the Florida Frontier." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626554.
Full text
40
Campbell, Sarah B. "Waists, health and history : obesity in nineteenth century Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4176be67-8337-4487-8fea-3b68227e442d.
Full textAbstract:
The scale of the current global obesity epidemic and the implications of this for health, functionality and economics, dictates that assessing the origins of overnutrition must become a priority in all research fields. To date anthropometric historians have mainly utilised institutional sources providing height and occasionally weight data for a sample of the working class who experienced deprivation. Tailoring institutions offer new, innovative sources for the field; uniquely measuring body shape in its entirety and sampling the upper-middle classes and elites. Anthropometric data for waist circumference, hip circumference and leg length has been collected from Morris & Son tailoring establishment in Barmouth, North West Wales and from Henry Poole & Co. ‘Savile Row’ tailors in Mayfair, London. This data from the second half of the nineteenth century has been nominally linked to census and probate records and cross-referenced with contemporary medical tracts and modern epidemiological literature to highlight obesity related health risks within both populations. Results indicate that 'diseases of affluence' permeated many nineteenth century class groups. Both waist circumferences and hip circumferences increased over the life span. Furthermore, Barmouth’s economic transition from a port to a tourist destination appears to have placed individuals' health (when measured by early adult waist-hip ratio) at greater risk than the overall wealthier customers attending Savile Row. The Barker hypothesis may be relevant - an influx of wealth being of greater detriment to health in later life than consistent affluence. For Henry Poole & Co.’s customers an elite lifestyle enabled girths to expand, increasing the risk of chronic diseases but seemingly protecting them from infectious pathogens. In later life, during the second half of the nineteenth century, it would appear that optimal waist circumferences to reduce mortality were larger than current recommended levels.
41
Rawlings, Philip. "The reform of punishment and the criminal justice system in England and Wales from the late seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3150.
Full text
42
Denny, Elaine. "The emergence of the occupation of district nursing in nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11094/.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the genesis of district nursing in England, and in particular explores the way in which district nursing became a paid occupation over the course of the nineteenth century. District nursing is defined as the care of the sick poor within their own homes, which is consistent with a nineteenth, rather than a twentieth, century meaning. At the beginning of the century an occupation of district nursing did not exist, yet by the end a formal occupation had emerged, and some associations of district nursing were attempting to create a profession which would attract educated women. In order to explore the processes involved, empirical data were obtained from the records of nineteenth century district nursing associations and organisations for their affiliation. These were interpreted and analysed within the theoretical framework of the sociology of work, occupation and professions, the concept of occupation being regarded as crucial in explaining the emergence of district nursing. Since district nursing was an exclusively female occupation, particular emphasis is given to the gender division of labour. It was found that social changes associated with urbanisation and the rise of capitalism in an age of enlightenment thinking, facilitated a move from an informal to a paid occupation. This was not, however, a linear progression, since philanthropic pursuit, particularly that of women, played an important role in the formation of most associations and in constructing power relationships. The first associations were Protestant Sisterhoods where subjective labour (Freidson 1978) dominated and controlled the work of paid nurses. By the end of the century most nurses were part of the official economy (Freidson 1978), yet the involvement of philanthropic effort continued. Diversity among emerging associations hindered the development of a unified occupation with a discrete area of work and occupational identity, which in turn circumscribed the attempts of some organisations to create in district nursing a profession of educated women.
43
Smith, Ralph. "Fever Narrative in the Fiction of Charles Dickens." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23502.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that what it terms fever narratives figure prominently in Charles Dickens’s fiction. Fever was regarded not as a symptom but as a generic disease that had sub-species, such as cholera, smallpox, typhus and typhoid, and that presented itself through devastating epidemics that frightened the public and drove the government to enact public health legislation. The core elements of the fever narrative – such as fever’s cause, pathology, treatment and prevention – were still not clearly understood. This inevitably heightened public anxiety and frustration, particularly given lengthy delays in the bureaucratic processes of Parliament and local governments in dealing with fever’s perennial threat.
The politically favoured sanitarian narrative influenced Dickens significantly. Sanitarians believed that water and sewer projects in urban localities and improved sanitary practices would prevent most diseases. However, Dickens was influenced also by an alternative approach that this thesis calls the “medical narrative,” comprising a more holistic vision of public health, reliant on improved treatments, greater medical professionalism, and specialized hospitals, in addition to sanitary reform. Dickens’s 1840s novels reflected both approaches, but he emphasized the medical narrative in portrayals of the fevers of individual characters. In the 1850s, the predominant focus of fever narratives in Dickens’s journals and novels became fever of the social body – fever that figuratively infected English institutions or the country as a whole.
Dickens’s fever narratives became progressively darker during these two decades and, with each novel onward from Dombey and Son (1846-48), his representations of fever apocalypses infecting both the rich and the poor became more strident, even to the extent of suggesting that the whole institutional and economic infrastructure of the country would suffer an irrevocable blow. The thesis argues that Dickens presented these minatory scenes of vengeance in response to what he perceived as the blindness of the middle class to the condition of the sick and poor of England. This reached a climax with “Revolutionary fever” in A Tale of Two Cities (1859).
The thesis presents a final argument that Dickens’s stories of the early 1860s and Our Mutual Friend (1864-65) provided both a continuation of and a denouement for the two previous decades’ fever narratives, by offering a view of the dust of corpse upon corpse of those who were mowed down by fever, and of a river polluted by this dust. However, he foresees also the possibility of the fundamental regeneration of a more humane physical, social and institutional environment in England.
44
Bergman, Stephanie. "Building Freedom: Nineteenth Century Domestic Architecture on Barbados Sugar Plantations." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720281.
Full text
45
Hallas, C. S. "Economic and social change in Wensleydale and Swaledale in the nineteenth century." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57000/.
Full textAbstract:
Although rural areas share certain common characteristic's, individual districts and their communities exhibit many important differences. This study provides a detailed analysis of economic and social change in the nineteenth century in a specific rural upland area in the north Yorkshire Pennines. It is intended both to add to r the limited body of detailed knowledge which already exists in respect of rural, and specifically upland rural, areas and to test generalizations concerning the economic and social structure of such areas against the individual experience of Wensleydale and Swaledale. The major industries of the two dales in the nineteenth century, agriculture, mining, and textiles, formed the basis of the economy of many upland areas. The development and relative importance of these industries within Wensleydale and Swaledale is closely examined and compared with other areas in order to identify the uniqueness or otherwise of the extent and direction of change within the dales. The influence of local and non-local factors on the demise of two of these industries in the nineteenth century and on the structural changes in the third is also studied. The survival of upland areas in an increasingly industrialized and competitive society was constrained by inaccessibility. The extent to which road and rail transport assisted the two dales to overcome the problems of isolation is, therefore, examined. Although the present work is an economic and social study, it concerns itself primarily with economic change since a healthy economy was essential for the maintenance of a viable local community. The social condition of the community is studied in the context of its response to the rapidly changing economy in the nineteenth century. In particular, a detailed analysis is undertaken of the extent to which population growth and decline, and attendant migration, affected the well-being of the local community.
46
Malone, Hannah Olivia. "Nineteenth-century Italian cemeteries : the social and political basis of funerary architecture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648217.
Full text
47
Deustua, José R. "Mercury (not always rising) and the social economy of nineteenth-century Peru." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117745.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the Peruvian mining industry of mercury or azogue in the nineteenth century.Mercury was a crucial component for Andean and Mexican silver mining during colonialtimes and still in the first century of Republican Peru. However, it was not the booming industrythat occurred at the end of the sixteenth century, in the second half of the seventeenth, and at thesecond half of the eighteenth century with production peaks at 13 000, 8000 and 7000 quintalsper year. During the nineteenth century it was rather a relative modest industry («not always rising») but also had moments of peak and decline. The article discusses production figures from the1950 by engineers Fernandez Concha, Yates, and Kent, with new statistics coming from archivalsources, which shows important regional levels of production and articulation with silver miningcenters such as Cerro de Pasco. The article also shows that mercury production was not limitedto the old colonial Huancavelica mine of Santa Bárbara but to other areas in the Huancavelicaregion, such as Angaraes and Lircay, or beyond Hunacavelica, such as Chonta in Cerro de Pascoor even Chachapoyas. It also focuses on the conflictive dynamics that mining production meantfor criollo business people, the government, merchants, and indigenous workers. There wereseveral business efforts to revitalize the mine of Santa Bárbara as well as to invest in Huancavelicamercury mining in combination with government initiatives and actions, but it is also clear theaction of mercury merchants, rescatires, who many times rather dealt with workers and humachis,independent laborers or small entrepreneurs, many times Andean Quechua peasants, who ratherbenefitted during the down cycles in mercury production. Finally, after analyzing this particularindustry, the author reflects on the meaning of economic development and historical studies tocriticize U.S. economic historians such as Stephen Haber (from Stanford University) and JohnCoatsworth (from Columbia University) and their view that Latin American countries have to«catch-up» with the capitalist development in the United States and Western Europe, as well aspost-modern and cultural studies which deny the materiality of human life.Este estudio se centra en el análisis económico e histórico de la industria minera del azogue en elPerú del siglo XIX. El azogue o mercurio fue crucial para el desarrollo de la industria minera de laplata en el Perú y México durante la época colonial y continúo siéndolo en menor medida duranteel siglo XIX. Sin embargo, ya no era la industria boyante del final del siglo XVI, la segunda mitaddel XVII y la segunda mitad del XVIII, la que alcanzó niveles de producción sobre los 13 000, 8000y 7000 quintales por año. Más bien, en el siglo XIX, era una actividad económica modesta (notalways rising) pero que también tuvo coyunturas de auge y crisis. Este artículo discute las cifras y lagráfica de producción construida en los años cincuenta por los ingenieros Fernández Concha, Yates,y Kent, presentando nuevas cifras que vienen del estudio de archivos peruanos, las que pruebanciclos regionales de producción y una articulación de consumo con el centro minero de Cerro dePasco. La producción del mercurio, además, no se circunscribía a la antigua mina colonial de SantaBárbara en las afueras de la ciudad de Huancavelica, sino a otros centros mineros en la región deHuancavelica, como Angaraes y Lircay, al centro minero de Chonta en el Cerro de Pasco e, incluso,a exploraciones en Chachapoyas. El artículo también discute la dinámica conflictiva que existíaentre empresarios criollos, el Estado, comerciantes y trabajadores campesino indígenas. Hubo variasiniciativas empresariales y del Estado para revitalizar la mina de Santa Bárbara y otras en Huancavelica,pero es también clara que la acción de comerciantes y «rescatiris» muestra otras dinámicasen las cuales trabajadores mineros, «humachis» y otros, perteneciendo al mundo cultural quechua,creaban circuitos diferentes de comercio y generación de ingresos, lo que ocurría en especial durantelas bajas en la producción y precios del mercurio. El autor finalmente reflexiona sobre el sentidode lo que significa el desarrollo económico criticando a historiadores económicos como StephenHaber, de la Universidad de Stanford, y John Coatsworth, de la Universidad de Columbia, por suidea de que los países latinoamericanos tienen que catch-up (igualarse) en el desarrollo capitalista delos Estados Unidos y Europa Occidental. Así también critica a los nuevos estudios históricos postmodernistasy culturalistas que no tienen en cuenta la materialidad de la vida humana.
48
Shapely, Peter. "Voluntary charities in nineteenth century Manchester : organisational structure, social status and leadership." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241554.
Full text
49
Harris, Courtney. "Irish women in mid-nineteenth century Toronto, image and experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47330.pdf.
Full text
50
Smith, Kylie. "The larrikin subject hegemony and subjectivity in late nineteenth century Sydney /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/87.
Full text