To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Social role expectations.
Journal articles on the topic 'Social role expectations'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Social role expectations.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Giorgetta, Cinzia, Alessandro Grecucci, Michele Graffeo, Nicolao Bonini, Roberta Ferrario, and Alan G. Sanfey. "Expect the Worst! Expectations and Social Interactive Decision Making." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050572.
Full textAbstract:
Psychological studies have demonstrated that expectations can have substantial effects on choice behavior, although the role of expectations on social decision making in particular has been relatively unexplored. To broaden our knowledge, we examined the role of expectations on decision making when interacting with new game partners and then also in a subsequent interaction with the same partners. To perform this, 38 participants played an Ultimatum Game (UG) in the role of responders and were primed to expect to play with two different groups of proposers, either those that were relatively fair (a tendency to propose an equal split—the high expectation condition) or unfair (with a history of offering unequal splits—the low expectation condition). After playing these 40 UG rounds, they then played 40 Dictator Games (DG) as allocator with the same set of partners. The results showed that expectations affect UG decisions, with a greater proportion of unfair offers rejected from the high as compared to the low expectation group, suggesting that players utilize specific expectations of social interaction as a behavioral reference point. Importantly, this was evident within subjects. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that these expectation effects carried over to the subsequent DG. Participants allocated more money to the recipients of the high expectation group as well to those who made equal offers and, in particular, when the latter were expected to behave unfairly, suggesting that people tend to forgive negative violations and appreciate and reward positive violations. Therefore, both the expectations of others’ behavior and their violations play an important role in subsequent allocation decisions. Together, these two studies extend our knowledge of the role of expectations in social decision making.
2
Acker, Gila. "Role Expectations of Social Work Students." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 10, no. 1 (September 1, 2004): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.10.1.95.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the role expectations of social work students. The author examines students' expectations in relation to the type of activities that they will perform and the types of clients that they will work with in their future social work jobs. A sample of 210 undergraduate and graduate social work students completed a questionnaire that included a job activities scale, a client characteristics scale, and several demographic questions. The findings indicated that social work students preferred to provide counseling services more than they wanted to provide concrete services and advocacy services. Students expected to work mainly with clients who were motivated and compliant with treatment rather than with clients who were suicidal, delusional or angry. The implications for social work education and the mission of the social work profession are discussed.
3
Benson, Alex J., Mark A. Eys, and P. Gregory Irving. "Great Expectations: How Role Expectations and Role Experiences Relate to Perceptions of Group Cohesion." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38, no. 2 (April 2016): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0228.
Full textAbstract:
Many athletes experience a discrepancy between the roles they expect to fulfill and the roles they eventually occupy. Drawing from met expectations theory, we applied response surface methodology to examine how role expectations, in relation to role experiences, influence perceptions of group cohesion among Canadian Interuniversity Sport athletes (N = 153). On the basis of data from two time points, as athletes approached and exceeded their role contribution expectations, they reported higher perceptions of task cohesion. Furthermore, as athletes approached and exceeded their social involvement expectations, they reported higher perceptions of social cohesion. These response surface patterns—pertaining to task and social cohesion—were driven by the positive influence of role experiences. On the basis of the interplay between athletes’ role experiences and their perception of the group environment, efforts to improve team dynamics may benefit from focusing on improving the quality of role experiences, in conjunction with developing realistic role expectations.
4
Schmitt-Wilson, Sarah. "Social Class and Expectations of Rural Adolescents: The Role of Parental Expectations." Career Development Quarterly 61, no. 3 (September 2013): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2013.00051.x.
Full text
5
Rodionov, Germogen Ya. "Social capital and acculturation expectations of host population: mediative role of perceived threat." National Psychological Journal 42, no. 2 (2021): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2021.0202.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Russia ranks fourth in the World in terms of the influx of migrants (of which 12 million currently live within the country). At the same time, the factors accompanying the process of acculturation can be quite different and lead to contradictions and conflicts between the groups. As far as migrants are concerned, the study of mediative role of the perceived threat in formation of acculturation expectation sremains an under researched topic in cross-cultural psychology. Objective. The study is aimed at determining whether the perceived threat from migrants has a mediating effect on the relationship between social capital and the acculturation expectations of the host population towards migrants. Design. The study was carried out in an online format by a questionnaire given to young adults living in Moscow (N = 214). The participants answered the questions that determined the level of trust, ethnic tolerance, perceived threat, and acculturation expectations. Results. The results of the study revealed that the perceived threat (especially the cultural one) turned out to be a mediator of the connection between ethnic tolerance and acculturation expectations of “melting pot” and “exclusion”. In case of connection of the indicators of trust and ethnic tolerance with “segregation”, only the perceived physical threat played a mediating role. The role of ethnic tolerance has been confirmed in the above three acculturation expectations, while trust turned out to be significant only in the “segregated” models. The meditative role of the perceived threat in the relationship between the three indicators of social capital and the acculturation expectation of “multiculturalism” has been completely refuted. Conclusion. The results of the research make it possible to determine the role of the perceived threat in acculturation attitudes and expectations towards migrants. The main limitation of this study is the fact that it took place only in Moscow. In the nearest future, it is planned to compare the results obtained in Russia from Russian-speaking test-groups with the results of other groups in other countries.
6
Guala, Francesco. "Social Norms, Expectations and Sanctions." Analyse & Kritik 41, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2019-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hindriks’ paper raises two issues: one is formal and concerns the notion of ‘cost’ in rational choice accounts of norms; the other is substantial and concerns the role of expectations in the modification of payoffs. In this commentary I express some doubts and worries especially about the latter: What’s so special with shared expectations? Why do they induce compliance with norms, if transgression is not associated with sanctions?
7
Rani, Inta Hartaningtyas, Jara Hardiyanti Jalih, and Lestari Adhi Widyowati. "Indonesian Generation Z Work Expectation and Intention to Apply for Job: Role of Social Media." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems831.
Full textAbstract:
In the post-pandemic and disruption period, a company's talented human capital must be able to give competitiveness and agility. Considering the talent's expectations, businesses should provide an appealing employment environment. Using the SEM technique, the study analyses data on the intention to apply among 350 Indonesian nearly-graduated college students and implicitly validated the Gen Z work expectation scale empirically. The findings show that Generation Z's work expectations substantially impact their willingness to apply for jobs. When choosing a career, the top three considerations for respondents are health insurance, a coaching manager, and work security. Messages in job adverts should most likely appear on the company's social media account, emphasizing more psychological aspects that appeal to Generation Z's expectations, notably work benefits. Rather than having a moderating influence, social media direct connection strongly predicts job application intent.
8
Wong, Chack-kie, Becky Chan, and Victor Tam. "Medical social workers in Hong Kong hospitals." International Social Work 43, no. 4 (October 2000): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300407.
Full textAbstract:
Physicians and nurses were included in the study in order to see whether role ambiguity for medical social workers is related to the differences in role expectations. It was found that medical social workers had different expectations of their roles from those of physicians and nurses. A clear difference was also identified between the lines of authority in terms of medical social workers’ role relations with physicians and nurses. Role ambiguity of medical social workers did not merely arise out of misunderstanding or misperception, it was also affected by authority structure.
9
Smith, Audrey D., and William J. Reid. "Role Expectations and Attitudes in Dual-Earner Families." Social Casework 67, no. 7 (September 1986): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948606700702.
Full textAbstract:
Married women employed full time often experience role overload and role strain—a growing concern for social workers who work with women and families. Differences between husbands and wives in attitudes and expectations concerning family–work roles are compared, and the implications for social workers are discussed.
10
Haque, Saifa. "Expectation of Tertiary Students of Bangladesh from ELT Classrooms." Journal of NELTA 19, no. 1-2 (February 10, 2015): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v19i1-2.12080.
Full textAbstract:
Expectation influences motivation and performance in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Students’ expectation also plays a significant role in curriculum development. This paper focuses on the expectations of the students in an English language classroom and how they want to be taught. From a study on 45 students of Stamford University Bangladesh, the researcher tried to find students’ expectations about content, factors behind the expectations and effects of expectations in a language classroom using semi-structured interviews. It was found that students have expectations regarding their course content, teaching-learning style and education management. Several factors such as professional need, education background, social beliefs, personal goals and personality of the students worked behind their expectations and their expectations played a significant role in their classroom behavior and performance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v19i1-2.12080 Journal of NELTA, Vol 19 No. 1-2, December 2014: 56-64
11
Dhawan, Nisha. "Women's Role Expectations and Identity Development in India." Psychology and Developing Societies 17, no. 1 (March 2005): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133360501700105.
Full text
12
Trapp, Sabrina, Simone Schütz-Bosbach, and Moshe Bar. "Empathy: The Role of Expectations." Emotion Review 10, no. 2 (October 20, 2017): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073917709939.
Full textAbstract:
To what extent can we feel what someone else feels? Data from neuroscience suggest that empathy is supported by a simulation process, namely the neural activation of the same or similar regions that subserve the representation of specific states in the observer. However, expectations significantly modulate sensory input, including affective information. For example, expecting painful stimulation can decrease the neural signal and the subjective experience thereof. For an accurate representation of the other person’s state, such top-down processes would have to be simulated as well. However, this is only partly possible, because expectations are usually acquired by learning. Therefore, it is important to be aware of possible misleading simulations that lead to misinterpretations of someone’s state.
13
Kerr, Norbert L., and Robert J. MacCoun. "Role expectations in social dilemmas: Sex roles and task motivation in groups." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 6 (1985): 1547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1547.
Full text
14
Kalkhoff, Will, David Melamed, Josh Pollock, Brennan Miller, Jon Overton, and Matthew Pfeiffer. "Cracking the Black Box: Capturing the Role of Expectation States in Status Processes." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272519868988.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental task for sociology is to uncover the mechanisms that produce and reproduce social inequalities. While status characteristics theory is the favored account of how social status contributes independently to the maintenance of inequality, it hinges on an unobserved construct, expectation states, in the middle of the causal chain between status and behavior. Efforts to test the mediation mechanism have been complicated by the implicit, often unconscious, nature of status expectations. To solve this “black box” problem, we offer a new conceptualization and research approach that capitalizes on the accuracy and precision of neurological measurement to shed new light on the biasing role of expectations in the status–behavior relationship. Results from an experimental study provide a unique illustration of ways in which social status is inscribed in the brain and how, in turn, these inscriptions are related to behavioral inequalities that emerge during interaction.
15
Alford, Allison M., and Meredith Marko Harrigan. "Role Expectations and Role Evaluations in Daughtering: Constructing the Good Daughter." Journal of Family Communication 19, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2019.1643352.
Full text
16
Zain, MM, H. Ibrahim, and M. Musdalifah. "Knowledge sharing behavior among farmers in Indonesia: Does social capital matter?" African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 115 (December 12, 2022): 21972–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.115.22615.
Full textAbstract:
Social capital has three important dimensions, namely, cognitive, relational and structural. It has a crucial role to enhance farmers’ income and knowledge in some developing countries. However, there is a lack of studies which validate the role of social capital to farmers’ income and knowledge sharing. The aims of this study are to examine the role of farmers’ social capital on knowledge sharing behavior through farmer community and personal expectations. The recent study also examines how mediators’ variables (individual and community expectations) influence farmers' knowledge sharing behavior. The study sample consisted of 720 Indonesian rice farmers from Sulawesi districts and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. The empirical result indicates that structural, cognitive and relational social capital have a positive role in farmers' expectations. They facilitate community members in rural areas and connect people locally and regionally, as mediator variables, personal and community expectations also emerged as tools where people can explore, interact and share their expertise to develop knowledge sharing behavior. However, community expectations have a greater effect on facilitating knowledge sharing among farmers than personal expectations. This study provided insights on developing and enhancing farmers' economic and social life, which was neglected in prior studies. This research contributes to the literature on social capital theory and social connectedness. Hence, the farmers and the local government should address and identify their objective and rational concerns to improve their social capital. In addition, social capital also enhances the content and processes of farmers’ interactions to foster communication and value propositions in creating unique and valuable experiences. Local government should be aware of the essential components of interaction and effective two-way communications among farmers. Furthermore, social capital can also be treated as a tool that allows farmers to share their expertise and knowledge. The community and local government should solve problems for farmers in the future since it is easier and faster to access information and knowledge about production processes. Social capital also has economic and social value, enhancing a sense of belonging among farmers. Key words: Social capital, Farmer expectation, Knowledge Sharing behavior, Developing countries
17
Deng, Xinkai. "Research on Government’s Implementing Inclusive Financial Mechanism from the Perspective of Behavior Contract." Journal of Finance Research 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v3i1.1587.
Full textAbstract:
By introducing reciprocal borrowers and lenders, positive social capital formed by reciprocal expectations can ease financing constraints. Information asymmetry has a significant impact on the relationship between reciprocal expectations and financing constraints. Lack of reciprocal expectation is a necessary condition for government intervention. The role of government is to promote the formation and growth of positive social capital, reduce negative social capital, activate favorable reference dependence and avoid adverse reference dependence. Specific measures are: direct investment, subsidy/ taxation, administrative orders, alleviation of information asymmetry in financial markets and moral education. Policy Suggestions: the government should pay attention to fostering reciprocal expectations. The development of Inclusive Finance mainly depends on market forces. An important part of it is the government lender who plays an active role in activating the favorable reference dependence. The government should alleviate the information asymmetry in financial markets, reduces the formation of negative social capital, and pays attention to the two sides and limitation of moral education.
18
Barbee, Anita P., Michael R. Cunningham, Barbara A. Winstead, Valerian J. Derlega, Mary R. Gulley, Pamela A. Yankeelov, and Perri B. Druen. "Effects of Gender Role Expectations on the Social Support Process." Journal of Social Issues 49, no. 3 (October 1993): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01175.x.
Full text
19
Polyakova, Olga B., and Olga V. Paduchina. "Specificity of Socio-Psychological Technologies for the Formation of Coordinated Role Expectations and an Adequate Distribution of Family Roles in Married Couples." Uchenye Zapiski RGSU 20, no. 3 (160) (September 30, 2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-3-24-32.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of socio-psychological technologies for the formation of coordinated role expectations and an adequate distribution of family roles in married couples. Based on a comparison of the results of a parallel formative experiment, the specificity of sociopsychological technologies for the formation of coordinated role expectations and an adequate distribution of family roles in married couples was determined, which consists in the use of active forms of work (games and exercises), modeling of family life situations and psychological playing of family roles that contribute to improving: intimate and sexual role; personal identification with a spouse; expectations of the parenteducational role, social activity, household and emotional-psychotherapeutic roles; claims of the partner’s external attractiveness, social activity, household and emotional-psychotherapeutic roles; consistency of family values and role-based expectations in married couples; emotional climate in the family.
20
Walden, Justin. "Communicating role expectations in a coworking office." Journal of Communication Management 23, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-09-2018-0097.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the motivations behind teleworkers’ role transitions in a coworking office and how these motivations shape role communication between independent workers in a shared office. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon observation, in-depth interviews (n=23) and temporary membership in the organization. Findings Self-enhancement and self-validation motivations work in concert to prompt individuals to capitalize on the networking opportunities that come with membership in this office and individuals strategically position an occupation-framed version of their identity in these networks. Research limitations/implications Only one coworking office was studied. However, this is countered by the richness of the data. Practical implications Communication managers whose organizations employ teleworkers are encouraged to provide ongoing social and task-related support to their teleworkers; coworking site proprietors are encouraged to ensure members understand what is expected of them when they join a coworking office. Social implications As teleworking is a widely-used flexible work arrangement, this study advances knowledge of teleworker management. Originality/value Scholars have not yet explored how individuals use coworking spaces and what motivates teleworkers to establish their role identities in mixed offices.
21
Pollock, Alann D., Ann H. Die, and Richard G. Marriott. "Relationship of Communication Style to Egalitarian Marital Role Expectations." Journal of Social Psychology 130, no. 5 (October 1990): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1990.9922953.
Full text
22
Heintz, Christophe, Celse Jérémy, Giardini Francesca, and Max Sylvain. "Facing expectations: Those that we prefer to fulfil and those that we disregard." Judgment and Decision Making 10, no. 5 (September 2015): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005581.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe argue that people choosing prosocial distribution of goods (e.g., in dictator games) make this choice because they do not want to disappoint their partner rather than because of a direct preference for the chosen prosocial distribution. The chosen distribution is a means to fulfil one’s partner’s expectations. We review the economic experiments that corroborate this hypothesis and the experiments that deny that beliefs about others’ expectations motivate prosocial choice. We then formulate hypotheses about what types of expectation motivate someone to do what is expected: these are justifiable hopeful expectations that are clearly about his own choices. We experimentally investigate how people modulate their prosociality when they face low or unreasonably high expectations. In a version of a dictator game, we provide dictators with the opportunity to modulate their transfer as a function of their partner’s expectations. We observe that a significant portion of the population is willing to fulfil their partner’s expectation provided that this expectation expresses a reasonable hope. We conclude that people are averse to disappointing and we discuss what models of social preferences can account for the role of expectations in determining prosocial choice, with a special attention to models of guilt aversion and social esteem.
23
Beckert, Jens. "Woher kommen Erwartungen?" Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Expectations play a crucial role in capitalist economies. Where do the expectations on which actors base their decisions come from? The paper approaches this question by discussing seven social factors that shape expectations: Institutions, social position, social networks, calculative tools, cultural structures, reflexivity, and protention. Following this discussion, the last part of the paper looks at the role of social power and the mass media in the diffusion of expectations.
24
Aju, Oluseyi, and Eshani Beddewela. "Afrocentric Attitudinal Reciprocity and Social Expectations of Employees: The Role of Employee-Centred CSR in Africa." Journal of Business Ethics 161, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 763–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04346-x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn view of the limited consideration for Afrocentric perspectives in organisational ethics literature, we examine Employee-Centred Corporate Social Responsibility (EC-CSR) from the perspective of Afrocentric employees’ social expectations. We posit that Afrocentric employees’ social expectations and the organisational practices for addressing these expectations differ from conventional conceptualisation. By focusing specifically upon the psychological attributes evolving from the fulfilment of employees’ social expectations, we argue that Afrocentric socio-cultural factors could influence perceived organisational support and perceived employee cynicism. We further draw upon social exchange theory to explore rational reciprocity (i.e. attitude and behaviour) evolving from the fulfilment and breach of employees’ social expectations at work. Contrary to the rational norm of reciprocity, we identify a reciprocity norm within which the breach of employees’ social expectations could in fact engender positive reciprocity rooted in esan reciprocity ideology—an ideology that emerged from the ethical tradition of the Yoruba people from Nigeria, West Africa. Overall, our paper elucidates the implications of Afrocentric peculiarities for employees’ social exchange within the African workplace, thus extending the present understanding in this regard.
25
Lee, Hang-Shim, Eun Sul Lee, and Yun-Jeong Shin. "The Role of Calling in a Social Cognitive Model of Well-Being." Journal of Career Assessment 28, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072719825777.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the role of calling in a social cognitive model of well-being using a sample of 328 South Korean teachers. The model incorporating calling into the social cognitive model of well-being demonstrated an excellent fit, and our variables accounted for significant variance in job satisfaction (47%) and life satisfaction (38%). Among the 12 direct paths of the proposed model, 10 hypothesized paths were significant. The direct paths from positive affect to calling, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction; from calling to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and life satisfaction; from self-efficacy to outcome expectations; from outcome expectations to job satisfaction; and from job satisfaction to life satisfaction were significant. Additionally, the mediating paths between positive affect and life satisfaction via calling, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and job satisfaction were significant. The practical implications for enhancing teachers’ job and life satisfaction and future directions of research were discussed.
26
Gill, Atif Ali, Babar Ali, and Khadija Rafia Kazmi. "EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SHARIA COMPLIANCE ON ISLAMIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ADOPTION IN PAKISTANI ISLAMIC BANKS: MODERATING ROLE OF COMMUNITY EXPECTATIONS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.624.
Full textAbstract:
The current study examines the impact of sharia compliance on Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption and further analyzes the moderating effect of community expectation on the linkage between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption. The researcher gathered data through Islamic bank employees working in the Sahiwal district, Punjab, Pakistan. Three hundred seventy-five complete responses were collected and analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique through SmartPLS Software 4.0. The findings revealed the significant relation between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption, and community expectations positively moderate the relationship between sharia compliance and Islamic corporate social responsibility adoption in Pakistani Islamic banks. The current study provides numerous guidelines for scholars and policymakers to understand the importance of community expectations to adopt Islamic corporate social responsibility in Islamic banks successfully. Keywords: Sharia compliance, Islamic corporate social responsibility, community pressure, Islamic banking sector, developing economy, Pakistan.
27
Andreassen, Hanne, Olga Gjerald, and Kai Victor Hansen. "“The Good, The Bad, and the Minimum Tolerable”: Exploring Expectations of Institutional Food." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040767.
Full textAbstract:
There is a tendency towards greater expectations of consumer goods and services in society—what was once judged as ideal may now be a bare minimum. This presents a challenge for food providers in the upcoming decades. As the more demanding baby boomer cohort ages, health institutions of the future will face challenges meeting their food expectations. The purpose of this study was to explore expectation type dynamics and function with updated empirical material on aging consumers expectations of institutional food and advance our current understanding of how consumers evaluate their expectations. This qualitative study employed in-depth semi structured interviews with 14 informants between the age of 58–79. Content analysis was performed to capture the informants’ food expectations based on the expectation hierarchy proposed by Santos and Boote. Analyzing the content and relationship between different expectation types led to three main findings: expectation functions and content, interconnectedness, and the role of affect. Based on the findings, this study contributes by making several propositions for future research and proposes an updated expectancy–disconfirmation model. Importantly, this study provides novel knowledge that can help health institutions understand and meet aging consumers expectations of institutional food.
28
HODGES, SARA D., KRISTEN J. KLAAREN, and THALIA WHEATLEY. "Talking About Safe Sex: The Role of Expectations and Experience1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 30, no. 2 (February 2000): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02319.x.
Full text
29
Binyamin, Galy. "Do leader expectations shape employee service performance? Enhancing self-expectations and internalization in employee role identity." Journal of Management & Organization 26, no. 4 (January 3, 2018): 536–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.68.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper expands the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore the role of leaders’ normative expectations in driving employees’ service performance. Two quantitative studies in the context of retailing indicate that leaders’ normative expectations for high-quality service are related to employee service performance, through employee self-expectations for quality service (Study 1; N=75), and service role identity (Study 2; N=226). Both studies apply Kelman’s Theory of Social Influence by exploring how leaders influence employees’ expectations and corresponding behaviors, through the three processes of social influence: compliance, identification, and internalization. Leaders’ normative expectations for high-quality service enhances employee service performance not only by adjusting self-expectations to comply with an authority figure’s expectations or by identification with the leader as a role model, but rather as a deep-rooted process where the leader’s normative expectations are internalized into employee’s role identity. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
30
Mccourt, David M., and Andrew Glencross. "Great Expectations: The EU's Social Role as a Great Power Manager." New Perspectives 27, no. 1 (February 2019): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x1902700102.
Full textAbstract:
Through the case of EU foreign and security policy we reconsider the concept of great power. According to common wisdom, the EU cannot be a great power, whatever the pronouncements of its top officials may be. We argue that ‘great power’ has been miscast in IR theory as a status rather than as a social role, and, consequently, that the EU can indeed be viewed as playing the great power role. Such a conceptual shift moves analytical attention away from questions of what the EU is – ‘big’, ‘small’, ‘great’, and so on – to what it is expected to do in international politics. We focus on the expectation that great powers engage in the management of the international system, assessing the EU as a great power manager in two senses: first, in the classical sense of ‘great power management’ of Hedley Bull – which centers on great powers’ creation of regional spheres of influence and the maintenance of the general balance of power – and second, in light of recent corrections to Bull's approach by Alexander Astrov and others, who suggest great power management has changed toward a logic of governmentality, i.e. ‘conducting the conduct’ of lesser states.
31
Harper, Kelly L., Kari M. Eddington, and Paul J. Silvia. "Perfectionism and Loneliness: The Role of Expectations and Social Hopelessness in Daily Life." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 2 (February 2020): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.02.117.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Research suggests that social disconnection is one pathway that explains why perfectionists have higher negative mental health outcomes. However, thus far research has not examined the role that perfectionists' expectations, about their social world, plays in explaining social disconnection. The current study examined whether negative expectations about future social events and social hopelessness explained the relations between socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), and social disconnection. Method: The current study used experience sampling methodology (ESM) with 145 participants to test multilevel structural equation models examining whether negative expectations and social hopelessness mediated the relation between SPP (as well as SOP) and loneliness at the following time point. Results: Results indicate that having negative expectations for future social interactions and feeling socially hopeless explains the relation between SPP and loneliness both when loneliness was measured concurrently and loneliness measured later in the day. Having lower levels of social hopelessness explained the relation between SOP and loneliness when loneliness was measured concurrently and later in the day. Discussion: Findings suggest that SPP and SOP are differently associated with cognitions about social interactions and relationships in daily life, which in turn explains variations in loneliness. Results indicate that targeting socially prescribed perfectionists’ negative social cognitions in treatment may be effective for reducing loneliness.
32
Tan, Lina, John Heath Roberts, and Pamela Danvers Morrison. "The role of expectations on consumer interpretation of new information." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 569–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-04-2016-0062.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of consumers’ expectations and their antecedents on beliefs, attitude and behavioral intentions when they respond to new corporate social responsibility (CSR) information about a service firm. Design/methodology/approach Empirically, the authors measure prior beliefs, and then calibrate how those beliefs change in response to a piece of news. The authors develop a conceptual model articulating the nature and antecedents of three types of expectations: would, could and should. The authors use structural equation modeling to test how these expectations influence the consumer evaluation process. Findings The results show that the effect of could expectations on the evaluation process is felt via their influence on would expectations; that is, would expectations fully mediate the relationship between could expectations and attitude toward news. Similarly, attitude toward news fully mediates the relationship between would and should expectations and updated beliefs about the firm. Research limitations/implications In the selected service industry, the findings show that expectations are mediated by the new information that consumers receive when they are updating their prior beliefs. The authors demonstrate the ability to understand the antecedents of expectations, which provides a vehicle by which the organization can influence the consumer evaluation process. Practical implications In practice, managers can identify the antecedents of consumer expectations and thus influence the reference points against which those consumers will evaluate news about their product. Social implications CSR has important implications for multiple stakeholders and the authors calibrate the determinants of how news about the organization’s performance on it may affect consumer decision processes. Originality/value The paper introduces “could” expectations into the services literature, examines the antecedents of the different types of expectations, and studies how their effect is felt through the evaluation process.
33
Silva, Shirlei Oliveira da, Vinicius Mothé Maia, Juçara Haveroth, and Roberto Tommasetti. "Audit's Role." Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 20 (November 19, 2021): e3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202131832.
Full textAbstract:
As a way to reduce informational asymmetry and ensure reliability and reliability of accounting information, auditing gained notoriety. However, there is some disagreement in the literature about their roles and responsibilities, this disagreement comes especially from the function performed and what is expected by society. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the perception of the role of external audit based on the confrontation of the concepts of accounting standards and public opinion. This research is characterized as descriptive and quanti-quali when analyzing information collected through 501,533 tweets published between 2007 and 2020 that contained the word “audit” by users whose profile language is Portuguese. The results obtained, despite not clearly identifying the phenomenon of Audit Expectation Gap, suggest that most users who tweet about the audit do so by discussing the audit in relation to public resources and aspects of a political nature. it reinforces the lack of understanding of the real functions performed by the audit. This study contributes by exploring the concept of Audit Expectation Gap in the Brazilian context, providing evidence about the expectations generated by public opinion about the auditing profession in the social media environment, where comments are generated spontaneously by users.
34
Panoy, Julie Fe D., Rose R. Andrade, Loraine B. Febrer, and Delon A. Ching. "Perceived Proficiency with Technology and Online Learning Expectations of Students in the Graduate Program of One State University in the Philippines." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 12, no. 7 (2022): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.7.1661.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 has imposed changes to the educational system shifting from conventional classroom setting to online learning. Assessing students’ proficiency with technology and expectations for online learning are vital for their success. Hence, this study explores the perceived proficiency with technology and online learning expectations of graduate students employing descriptive-correlational design. The study utilized survey questionnaires to examine their proficiency with technology and expectations for online instructor, course content, social interaction and course navigation. The findings suggest that the graduate students are proficient with technology. Likewise, the data gathered revealed that students have a very high expectations for online instructor, course content and social interaction. In addition, there is a moderately high expectation as to course navigation. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between proficiency with technology and online expectations of graduate students. Bridging the gap between students’ expectations and the actual experiences offered to them play a crucial role in ensuring that teaching and learning outcomes are achieved. Intensive understanding and awareness of their expectations could aid higher educational institutions in planning, designing and modifying online courses that responds to students’ needs. It is recommended that the sources of expectations be further explored.
35
Leung, Wilson K. S., Man Kit Chang, Man Lai Cheung, and Si Shi. "Understanding consumers' post-consumption behaviors in C2C social commerce: the role of functional and relational customer orientation." Internet Research 32, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 1131–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2020-0664.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeSocial commerce (s-commerce) is an online business model combining commercial and social features. Vendors may engage in a business-oriented relationship with customers and/or establish a personal relationship with customers. The role performed by the vendors may not match customer expectations and needs, resulting in low repurchase intention. Drawing on role theory in the context of customer orientation, this study integrates functional customer orientation (FCO) and relational customer orientation (RCO) with the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) to propose a theoretical framework for explaining customers' post-consumption behaviors. This study also examines how product-specific attributes moderate the effect of FCO and RCO on customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzed 273 survey responses from WeChat users by using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe results confirmed that the confirmation of customer expectations positively affected FCO and RCO. Additionally, FCO and RCO had different effects on customer satisfaction, depending on product type and brand awareness, and their effects on customers' post-consumption behaviors also varied.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that both business and social roles are important to customers in C2C s-commerce. This study also demonstrates product characteristics moderating the effectiveness of customer orientation on customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical support for vendors and platform developers to implement appropriate selling strategies and manage customer expectations in C2C s-commerce.Originality/valueThis study is the first to incorporate FCO and RCO into the ECM theoretical framework to obtain new insights into vendors' selling approaches in C2C s-commerce, thus contributing to the marketing literature.
36
Erokhina, Elena. "Imaginary and Rational: From Social Theory to Social Order." Ideas and Ideals 13, no. 4-1 (December 27, 2021): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.4.1-168-179.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the analysis of imagination as a philosophical and sociological concept that played a significant role in the development of social theory in the middle of the 20th century. Exploring the premises of the contradictory relationship between science and society, it is easy to find a connection between the development of science and social change. Currently, it is generally accepted that scientific, including social theories, through the transfer of ideas, transform the social order and, on the contrary, social practices transform knowledge about the world. The article proves that imagination plays a key role in this process. An excursion into the theory of ideas reveals the connection between imagination and irrational and experiential knowledge. The author of the article refers to the works of P. Berger and T. Luckmann, C. Castoriadis and C. Taylor, who showed a direct connection between theoretical ideas and the world of "social imaginary", collective imaginary and social changes. For the first time in the history of mankind, thanks to imagination, society does not see the social order as something immutable. Methodological cases are presented that illustrate the specific role of the concept of imagination as a source of the formation of new research strategies that allow for a new look at the problem of nationalism (social constructivism) and the study of public expectations from the implementation of technological innovations (STS). For decades, Benedict Anderson's work “Imagined Communities” predetermined the interest of researchers of nationalism in social imagination and the collective ideas based on it about the national identity of modern societies, their history and geography. The research of Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim has formed a new track for the study of science as a collective product of public expectations of an imaginary social order, embodied in technological projects. The conclusion is made about the contradictory nature of social expectations based on collective imagination: on the one hand, they strengthen the authority of science in society, on the other hand, they provoke the growth of negative expectations from the introduction of scientific discoveries. The article substantiates the opinion that imagination is an effective tool for assessing the risks of introducing innovations.
37
S., Jayadatta, Gangadhar Shreei, and Pramod Gadigeppagoudar. "Role of Community Perceptions in Corporate Social Responsibility." GBS Impact: Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research 8, no. 1 (2022): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58419/gbs.v8i1.812211.
Full textAbstract:
Academics and business professionals have grown increasingly interested in the topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In terms of corporate-community interactions, this study adds to the conversation on CSR in the context of the Nigerian oil industry. It especially entails a review of CSR programs implemented by multinational corporations (MNC) doing business in the Niger Delta and their effects on the traditional means of subsistence of the indigenous populations. In order to analyse the interaction between the host communities and the MNCs, this study explores community attitudes and expectations. This article uses a qualitative research approach and employs three focus groups, 28 semi-structured interviews, and twenty-eight interviews to gather empirical data. This is crucial because the majority of the CSR research in this area has focused on descriptive and in-depth theoretical explanations. The research's conclusions point to a highly complex interaction between the host communities and the MNCs. The host communities view the MNCs as unfair, indifferent to their plights, ignoring their obligations to them, and failing to live up to their expectations. Therefore, it is concluded that the local community have experienced conflict and ongoing unhappiness with the MNC as a result of the detrimental effects of oil extraction activities. They anticipate mutually beneficial outcomes.
38
Reeder, Glenn D., Garth J. O. Fletcher, and Kenneth Furman. "The role of observers' expectations in attitude attribution." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 25, no. 2 (March 1989): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(89)90011-5.
Full text
39
Qu, Mengnan, Sara Quach, Park Thaichon, Lorelle Frazer, Meredith Lawley, Denni Arli, Scott Weaven, and Robin E. Roberts. "Understanding Chinese consumers' pre-purchase value expectations: the role of country of origin effect." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 33, no. 8 (January 25, 2021): 1861–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-06-2020-0388.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of country of origin (COO) on customers' value expectation and willingness to pay by employing signalling theory and cue utilisation.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 386 customers via an online survey in the context of Australian food retail franchise stores in China.FindingsThe findings indicate that COO origin is an important determinant of customer expectations including service quality, social value, emotional value, monetary price, behavioural price and reputation. Furthermore, the only social value was a significant predictor of willingness to pay. Although the direct effect of COO on willingness to purchase was not significant, the COO had a significant indirect effect on willingness to pay via social value. Finally, the COO has a stronger effect on monetary price expectation among customers who were aware of the country brands than those who were unaware.Originality/valueThe study extends the body of knowledge related to the effect of COO during the pre-purchase process and provides important implications for retailers who are looking to enter an overseas market such as China.
40
Ahmed, Rukshana. "Development of a tool to measure patient expectations with complete removable dentures." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 7 (August 31, 2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no7a2.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Patients' expectations of complete removable dentures may play a role in determining their level of satisfaction with newly constructed complete removable dentures. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a Patient Expectation Questionnaire using a validated satisfaction questionnaire as framework and subsequently determine patients' expectations of complete removable dentures. OBJECTIVES: 1. To formulate a patient expectations questionnaire using a validated satisfaction questionnaire framework-that will assesses their perceptions of new dentures 2. To determine patient expectations related to masticatory functional, pain, psychological discomfort and social disability with complete removable dentures. METHODOLOGY: All the aspects of the newly formed Patient Expectation Questionnaire (PEQ) was formulated following the framework of the OHIP-20 patient satisfaction tool. The expectation questionnaire was administered to patients at their first dental visit with the information sheet and informed consent form. RESULTS: A series of statistical tests was done to assess the validity and reliability of the Patient Expectation Questionnaire. These tests concluded that the newly formulated questionnaire was reliable. CONCLUSION: Patient expectations can be determined prior to treatment thereby allowing the clinician to manage these expectations and strive to meet the attainable ones during the construction of the complete removable denture. Amongst others masticatory efficiency and pain were identified as being high on the request list for new complete removable dentures.
41
Roche, Meghan K., Plamena Daskalova, and Steven D. Brown. "Anticipated Multiple Role Management in Emerging Adults." Journal of Career Assessment 25, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072716658654.
Full textAbstract:
Lent and Brown presented a social cognitive career theory (SCCT) self-management process model aimed at understanding how and under what conditions individuals will navigate adaptive career behaviors. The current study tested the self-management model as applied to young peoples’ anticipated multiple role balance intentions, hypothesizing that self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations for balancing multiple life roles would predict intentions to balance multiple life roles. Given that multiple role balancing behaviors require good self-organization capacities, trait conscientiousness was incorporated into the model as a potential person input variable. Gender was also included as a person input. The best fitting model suggested that, consistent with SCCT hypotheses, self-efficacy beliefs related to role balance intentions. Outcome expectation’s relationship to intentions was smaller and did not reach statistical significance. The relation of conscientiousness to intentions was fully mediated by self-efficacy. Gender showed only a direct relation to intentions, suggesting that women have stronger intentions to balance multiple roles than do men, apart from their feelings of confidence and expected outcomes. These results suggest that interventions designed to aid multiple role balance in young women and men may usefully target their self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations for multiple role management.
42
Smith, Carolyn M. "False Expectations? Expectations vs. Probabilities for Dying." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 41, no. 3 (November 2000): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2xy4-yt1h-u794-r29u.
Full textAbstract:
It is widely recognized that the role of the physician has undergone dramatic changes in the last century—changes which have serious implications for the patient-physician relationship. This is an ethnographic study examining how certain changes in the role and abilities of biomedical physicians have affected patient attitudes and expectations about end-of-life care. In-home interviews were conducted with eighteen persons age fifty-five and older, including a sample of Hemlock Society members. Results indicate a broad spectrum of end-of-life concerns including capacity, autonomy, pain, and burden to loved ones. Most participants reported a reluctance to begin a discussion of death or future deteriorating capacity with their physicians. Instead, when conversations about death were reported, they had been largely limited to the scenarios of catastrophic illness (e.g., hospitalization, ventilator, etc.) and the Living Will. While this discussion does not overlook the utility of the Living Will, it proposes that reliance on this document for preparing patients for end-of-life care is inadequate.
43
Ma, Ying, Angela Siu, and Wai Shing Tse. "The Role of High Parental Expectations in Adolescents’ Academic Performance and Depression in Hong Kong." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 9 (February 22, 2018): 2505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18755194.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive research has demonstrated the positive relationship between parental expectations and adolescents’ academic performance. However, little attention has been paid to the negative influence of parental expectations on adolescents’ emotion well-being. The present study investigated the effects of high parental expectations on both academic performance and depression of adolescents. In addition, it also explored whether these relationships could be mediated through adolescents’ value of academic success, self-efficacy, and supports from parents and school. The sample consisted of 872 adolescents from secondary schools in Hong Kong and the results revealed that high parental expectations were positively associated with adolescents’ academic performance and also positively associated with their depression. The mediating roles of adolescents’ value of academic success and school support frequency were also confirmed. This study provides some implications for parenting practice by clarifying the complex roles of parental expectations and the need for social support for adolescents.
44
Weinert, Friedel. "The Role of Trust in Political Systems. A Philosophical Perspective." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2017-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper analyzes the question of whether trust is an essential condition for the functioning of social and political systems; it approaches the issue from a philosophical perspective. Trust appears in both interpersonal relationships (interpersonal trust) and in societal and political institutions (social and political trust, respectively). In the political literature trust is sometimes characterized as ‘an expectation of continued value’. Although the same literature distinguishes social from political trust, the thesis advanced here is that, logically, all forms of trust must be characterized as an inductive generalization from past experience to future expectations of the continuation of some specifiable utilities (goods, services). As such, trust suffers from Humean reservations about inductive inferences. Trust as an expectation of the continued provision of utilities, on the institutional level, will be characterized as a first-order sort of trust. It can be disappointed without necessarily threatening the continuation of a given institution, especially if there is no alternative service provider. But trust as an expectation of the continued functioning of democratic mechanisms will be characterized as a second-order sort of trust. The paper will argue that the second-order kind of trust is essential for the functioning of democracies.
45
Lee, Fiona, and Mark Hallahan. "Do situational expectations produce situational inferences? The role of future expectations in directing inferential goals." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80, no. 4 (2001): 545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.4.545.
Full text
46
Besaga, І. "The expectation category in the legal concept of Werner Maihofer." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 74 (January 31, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.1.
Full textAbstract:
The German jurist Werner Maihofer (1918-2009) is most often mentioned in domestic philosophical and legal literature in the context of his original approach to the combination of social and existential philosophy. The explanation of the concepts of interpersonal communication, social roles and positions, as well as the resulting socio-role expectations and interests with the methodology of both social and existential philosophy, allowed the jurist to talk not only about the existence (being) and sense of law, but also about its value. The concept of value is expressed by the author through the categories of expectation and interest. To date, in modern doctrine and judicial practice, much attention is paid to the development of the concept of «legitimate expectation», but their connection with Maihofer’s work on this issue has not yet received due attention. The need to rethink the meaning of the mentioned philosophical and legal concept can contribute to a better understanding of the institution of legitimate expectation, in particular, taking into account the fact that currently scientific doctrine is officially recognized as a source of law. In view of the above, the purpose of the proposed investigation is to study the content and meaning of the right category of expectations in the philosophical and legal concept of Werner Maihofer.
As a result of the conducted research, it was established that Maihofer’s understanding of the concept of expectation is different from that established in modern legal doctrine and judicial practice, its legality is not determined by the individual’s realization of his subjective right, and the reasonableness of expectation is not related to compliance with the law. It acts as the basis of any normative requirement, assigns to the subject the limits of obligatory and forbidden behavior in a specific situation.
Expectations in the understanding of the German jurist appear as the basis of law, which is contained in social images and roles and is actualized, changed and realized during responsible decision-making in life situations. Such expectations act as an axiological criterion of the procedure and result of law-making, thereby giving the resulting law sociological normativity and existential value. Law in this sense is depicted not only as mandatory, but also as necessary.
47
Klyver, Kim, Mark T. Schenkel, and Mette Søgaard Nielsen. "Can’t always get what I want: Cultural expectations of emotional support in entrepreneurship." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 38, no. 7 (May 5, 2020): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242620915675.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we develop three ideal types of cultural expectations informed by a qualitative critical event analysis of Danish entrepreneurs’ expectations of emotional support, informing a broader conceptual framework and future research agenda of cultural expectation alignment of support behaviour. We suggest that family relations associate with altruism and a family logic, friends with mutualism and a community logic and businesspersons with egoism and a market logic. These cultural expectations shape how entrepreneurs emotionally react to received support, or lack thereof, from these role-relations, and consequently outcomes of the support. Thus, effects of social support are about ‘what you get’ relative to ‘what you expect’.
48
Dandurand, Guillaume, François Claveau, Jean-François Dubé, and Florence Millerand. "Social Dynamics of Expectations and Expertise: AI in Digital Humanitarian Innovation." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 6 (November 27, 2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.459.
Full textAbstract:
Public discourse typically blurs the boundary between what artificial intelligence (AI) actually achieves and what it could accomplish in the future. The sociology of expectations teaches us that such elisions play a performative role: they encourage heterogeneous actors to partake, at various levels, in innovation activities. This article explores how optimistic expectations for AI concretely motivate and mobilize actors, how much heterogeneity hides behind the seeming congruence of optimistic visions, and how the expected technological future is in fact difficult to enact as planned. Our main theoretical contribution is to examine the role of heterogeneous expertises in shaping the social dynamics of expectations, thereby connecting the sociology of expectations with the study of expertise and experience. In our case study of a humanitarian organization, we deploy this theoretical contribution to illustrate how heterogeneous specialists negotiate the realization of contending visions of “digital humanitarianism.”
49
Oishi, Shigehiro, and Helen W. Sullivan. "The Mediating Role of Parental Expectations in Culture and Well-Being." Journal of Personality 73, no. 5 (October 2005): 1267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00349.x.
Full text
50
Lee, Se Woong, Sookweon Min, and Geoffrey P. Mamerow. "Pygmalion in the Classroom and the Home: Expectation's Role in the Pipeline to STEMM." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no. 9 (September 2015): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700907.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Context Although students frequently begin forming ideas about potential college majors or career choices prior to entering college, research on Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), and (M)edicine has almost exclusively focused on students’ experiences in postsecondary institutions. To better understand the full length of the STEMM pipeline—from high school through to postsecondary levels—it is essential to identify and explore factors that influence students’ choices in STEMM while they are in secondary schools, a setting that is arguably the first critical step of the pipeline. Purpose/Objective Among factors that influence students’ choices to pursue STEMM fields, this study examines the influence of students’ self-efficacy and expectation, as well as the expectation and encouragement they received from parents and high school teachers on their decisions to major in, complete a degree in, and pursue a career in STEMM. Given this focus on expectation specifically, the study employs a conceptual framework developed through the application of prior literature on teacher and parent expectations, as well as Social Cognitive Career Theory. Research Design Using the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) 1987 data, the study investigated students’ decision making at three distinct time points along a typical STEMM education/career path and predicted their persistence in the STEMM pipeline by utilizing logistic regression analyses. To further examine whether such sets of expectations are moderated by gender, analysis also included interaction terms for gender and teacher expectation, as well as those of gender and parent expectation. Findings/Results The results of this study indicate that expectation plays a significant role in students’ choices in STEMM and teacher expectation is shown to be especially influential. Focusing on gender differences, males’ choices in STEMM were shown to be most affected by their teachers’ educational expectations and encouragement while females’ choices were most affected by those of their parents. Conclusions/Recommendations The decision to pursue education and a career in a STEMM is not a one-time decision, but a longitudinal process that begins during secondary education and carries on through into college. The findings of this study provide meaningful information about the importance of students’ self-efficacy and expectation within the STEMM pipeline, as well as the influence teacher expectations and encouragement can have on students’ pursuit of and persistence in STEMM.