Journal articles: 'Social sciences -> history -> latin american history'

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Stoner, K. Lynn. "Directions in Latin American Women's History, 1977–1985." Latin American Research Review 22, no. 2 (1987): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022068.

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Although the history of Latin American women has emerged only recently as a dynamic field of research, it is already shedding light on a range of social and cultural issues. Thirteen years ago, Ann Pescatello edited the first anthology of Latin American articles on gender issues, Female and Male in Latin America. One of her greatest contributions was a hefty interdisciplinary bibliography listing not only secondary sources but primary documents as well. In 1975 and 1976, Meri Knaster's excellent bibliographies appeared. “Women in Latin America: The State of Research, 1975” surveyed the research centers in Latin America with active publishing programs and assessed the state of the art. Women in Spanish America: An Annotated Bibliography from Pre-Conquest to Contemporary Times (1977) is an interdisciplinary bibliography that has become a standard reference on women in Spanish-speaking America. Asunción Lavrin's historiographic essay in Latin American Women: Historical Perspectives charted the course taken by subsequent historical researchers and indicated new directions and resources (Lavrin 1978a). Marysa Navarro's “Research on Latin American Women” discussed the effects of economic development on gender roles in less-developed countries, pointing out that Marxist and radical feminist perspectives do not adequately analyze female society. June Hahner's article, “Researching the History of Latin American Women: Past and Future Directions,” briefly reviewed scholarly trends (Hahner 1983). Her most recent report in this journal identified research centers and important interdisciplinary studies on women in Brazil (Hahner 1985).

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Skidmore, Thomas E. "Studying the History of Latin America: A Case of Hemispheric Convergence." Latin American Research Review 33, no. 1 (1998): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100035779.

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The belief survives among us[Latin Americans] that United Statesscholars would write better historiesof Latin America if they studiedless and invented more.Daniel Cosío VillegasHistory and the Social Sciences in Latin AmericaThis article will analyze the way in which U.S. historians' writing on Latin America, especially on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, has been influenced by the changing relationship between the United States and Latin America. It will also trace more briefly the changing approaches of historians from Latin America. In my view, the two groups have taken different routes but have arrived at much the same destination.

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Stillerman, Joel, and Peter Winn. "Introduction: Globalization and the Latin-American Workplace." International Labor and Working-Class History 70, no. 1 (October 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000135.

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This special issue of International Labor and Working-Class History focuses on how the phenomenon known as globalization has transformed work in Latin America in recent decades. The term “globalization” became widely used in history and the social sciences beginning in the 1990s, and globalization has become a popular buzzword in the media in recent years, an accepted (if controversial) part of the frame of our era. The roots of this historical process, however, go back several centuries, as does the impact of globalization on workers and work.

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Sosa, Rocío-Irene. "La Historia del Arte Argentino a la luz de los Estudios Decoloniales." Anduli, no. 20 (2021): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.11.

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At the end of the last century, colonial, postcolonial and decolonial studies set in motion a “detachment” from the dominant modes of knowledge acquisition in the social sciences and humanities. In the 1990s, Latin American intellectuals debated the colonial side of modernity and the cultural, theoretical and practical hegemony that the central countries maintained. In the field of art, this resulted in the problematization of the Eurocentric canons present in the artistic system and the lack of independent theoretical and visual thinking. In light of these problems, this article investigates one of the features of coloniality in force in the Histories of the Visual Arts “with capital letters” in Latin America and particularly in Argentina; that is, the neutralization of diversity in the construction of a national art. To this end, we have used the transdisciplinary qualitative methodology, which articulates different areas of knowledge (history, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, art history) from a decolonial interpretive perspective. In the theoretical analysis and historiographical reflection, a decentration is observed in the history of national art promoted by the Institute of Aesthetic Research (Faculty of Arts, National University of Tucumán), which interrupts the disciplinary canon favoring the emergence of the American, in both the folkloric and the ancestral.

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Wilson, Juan. "Legal History in the US and Latin America." Latin American Legal Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 7–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15691/0719-9112vol10n2a2.

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Legal history is practiced differently in Latin America and the United States. While US legal history strives to be a form of social critique, questioning the role of law in producing and legitimizing social hierarchies, legal history in Latin America has mostly been developed as a form of antiquarianism. This paper attempts to describe the historical and theoretical reasons that explain this methodological divide, including the role that lawyers have played in either opening the field of law to the social sciences or insulating it from other disciplines.

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Bisso Schmidt, Benito, and Rubens Mascarenhas Neto. "History and Memory of Dissident Sexualities from Latin America." International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI) 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v5i4.36914.

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This article focuses on Red Latinoamericana de Archivos, Museos, Acervos y Investigadores LGBTQIA+ (AMAI LGBTQIA+), a network composed of researchers and institutions related to LGBTQIA+ memory in Latin America, founded in 2019. First, the authors analyse the network’s creation arising from the discontent of some participants of the June 2019 Archives, Libraries, Museums and Special Collections (ALMS) Conference, in Berlin, who felt bothered by the lack of attention given to subaltern perspectives on LGBTQIA+ history and memory. Next, the authors describe and analyse the network’s first year of activities communicated through its Facebook group. Multiple challenges arose from creating a network with members from different national origins, languages, and identities, especially considering the conservative political contexts of several Latin American countries and the social distancing measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the authors present a general profile of the network’s members and a map of partner institutions. Finally, the article points out some challenges to the network’s continuity and its desire to render Latin America more visible in the broader panorama of global LGBTQIA+ history. The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of AMAI LGBTQIA+ in stimulating further discussions about the participation of global-south researchers and perspectives on global queer history initiatives.

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Cahuas, Madelaine C. "The struggle and (im)possibilities of decolonizing Latin American citizenship practices and politics in Toronto." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 2 (April 2020): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820915998.

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This paper explores the tensions racialized migrants negotiate when politically organizing and enacting citizenship within the context of the Canadian white settler state. I focus on the experiences of Latin Americans in Toronto and the politics surrounding a cultural celebration – Hispanic Heritage Month. While some Latin Americans sought to use this event to gain recognition and assert their belonging to Canadian society, others opposed its naming, objectives and organization, and opted to create an alternative celebration – the Latin-America History Collective’s Día de la Verdad/Day of Truth Rally. I demonstrate that the narratives and practices mobilized around Hispanic Heritage Month and Latin-America History Collective’s Rally reveal how different forms of migrant political organizing can internalize, reproduce and contest white settler colonial social relations. Overall, this paper aims to contribute to and complicate debates on the fraught nature of racialized migrants’ citizenship, politics and identity formation in Canada, by emphasizing the vast heterogeneity of Latin American communities and decolonizing possibilities.

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Klein, Herbert S. "CLAH Lecture: Living with History as a Social Science." Americas 73, no. 3 (July 2016): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.67.

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Looking over the course of my half century working in the fields of Latin American and US history, I find that from the beginning to the end I have been working in a relatively isolated area of our historical profession. I have been committed to history as a social science, and in that framework, using mostly comparative and quantitative analysis to study themes related to basic social and economic structures. In this I have been much influenced by the traditional vision of the Annales school of historical research. I have also been totally committed to working within the social sciences, having completed a minor doctoral field in Anthropology at the University of Chicago.

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Coldiron, Katie, and Julio Capó. "Making Miami’s History and Present More Accessible." International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI) 6, no. 4 (January 25, 2023): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.38943.

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This is a work-in-progress report of Miami Studies, a curricular, research, and collections-focused initiative housed at the Wolfsonian Public Humanities Lab (WPHL) at Florida International University (FIU). Miami Studies represents a unique approach to Latina/o/x studies in the Greater Miami region and at one of the largest Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI) in the country. The rationale, framework, and historical context for a Miami Studies school of urbanism is described in detail. This is followed by an explanation of the WPHL’s digitally focused initiatives: the digitization of a now-defunct newspaper titled Miami Life and the Mellon Foundation-funded Community Data Curation post-custodial project. Also referenced is the Díaz Ayala Collection of Cuban and Latin American Popular Music, housed at FIU Libraries.

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Barandiarán, Javiera, and Casey Walsh. "Production/destruction in Latin America." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20962.

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Abstract Rural production has long been a central topic for social sciences and history of Latin America, and scholars have noted the ways that societies and environments form around productive systems. Inspired by Gastón Gordillo's 2014 book Rubble, this article introduces a Special Section of the JPE that shifts the focus to the inseparably destructive aspects of production. We acknowledge the temporal dynamics of booms and busts in Latin American commodity production, but challenge recent tendencies to glorify destruction as necessarily and positively creative. Framing the issue as a question for Science and Technology Studies, we argue that treating technologies as rubble can shed light on dynamics of historical change, social contestation, and environmental destruction that are too often overlooked. Key words: environment, Latin America, creative destruction, Rubble, science and technology

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Rodriguez, Julia. "A Complex Fabric: Intersecting Histories of Race, Gender, and Science in Latin America." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1300137.

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Abstract This essay describes historians’ recent and growing awareness of the significance of science in modern Latin America. It focuses first on the work and influence of the historian Nancy Leys Stepan, who in the past 30 years pioneered the joining of methods in the history of science — in particular, the tendency to see science in its specific social context — with some of the most central concerns of Latin Americanists. For example, a key contribution of Stepan’s work is her analysis of scientific representations of human difference that shaped the creation and legitimating of racist and sexist ideas across Latin American societies. Moreover, her work was part of an early wave that brought the application of feminist and critical race theory to the field, with valuable outcomes. Her work has been a springboard for continuing investigations of the interplay between scientific ideas and practices and larger social forces. After an overview of Stepan’s approach and findings, the essay discusses two major trends in the literature that emerge from and build on Stepan’s work: the incorporation of sexuality along with race, gender, and class in studies of science and medicine in Latin American history; and further developments in the history of transatlantic science in the modern period.

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Slatta, Richard W., and E. Kalé Haywood. "Enhancing Latin American History Teaching and Research With Computers." Social Science Computer Review 23, no. 2 (May 2005): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439304273263.

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Lluch, Andrea. "Embracing Complexity and Diversity in Business History: A Latin American Perspective." Enterprise & Society 23, no. 4 (December 2022): 892–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2022.38.

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The boundaries of Business History, as a discipline, are constantly revisited. There have been contradictory views on the nature of our field for many decades, and they still exist today, reformulated by new generations and interest groups. As if these differences were not enough, there are also substantial disparities on when and how the subject has evolved worldwide. The discipline has expanded to new geographies recently, and several signals point to a more multicultural business history setting. However, some critical aspects still need to be addressed. How can we reinterpret and overcome the perpetuation of some hierarchies in our field? What are possible key insights from embracing an even more inclusive, global, and pluralistic vision of business history? My proposition is that these issues can be reinvigorated as part of a broader epistemological debate on humanistic and social sciences. This brief article considers possible alternatives for embracing even more diversity and complexity in our field from a Latin American perspective.

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Forester, Kelsey. "Book Review: The Schoolroom: A Social History of Teaching and Learning." Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.4.7172.

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Dale Allen Gyure’s The Schoolroom: A Social History of Teaching and Learning takes an in-depth look at how the structure of schools has changed over the course of American history, starting from Colonial America to the twenty-first century. After its well laid out table of contents, there is a helpful timeline, chronicling major developments in United States education history starting in 1635 with the opening of Boston Latin Grammar School and going up to 2016 with the Sandy Hook Elementary School and the new era of school design (xv-xix). It also includes a helpful glossary that defines specific terms, such as different building plans, types of schools, and educational theories. Throughout the chapters, words found in the glossary are in bold.

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Baud, Michiel. "History, Morality, and Politics: Latin American Intellectuals in a Global Context." International Review of Social History 48, no. 1 (April 2003): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859002000925.

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On impulse one afternoon during the early stages of my research into the Dirty War in Argentina and the political past of the former Minister of Agriculture, Jorge Zorreguieta, I sent an e-mail to an Argentinian friend and colleague asking for suggestions about recent literature.

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Corry, Leo. "Introduction: Science in Latin-American Contexts – Historical Studies." Science in Context 18, no. 2 (June 2005): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000438.

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This issue of Science in Context presents a collection of historical studies on various aspects of science and its practice as developed in Latin-American contexts. Relatively few scholars working in the history of science, and even in the more general field of “science studies,” have devoted their research to this field. Likewise, relatively little research has been done by scholars of Latin American studies on the cultural, political, and social impact of science, a field that is usually considered to be one of the central, defining aspects of modern, Western civilization.

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Calandra, Benedetta. "Cultural philanthropy and political exile: the Ford Foundation between Argentina and The United States (1959-1979)." Tempo 25, no. 2 (August 2019): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2018v250209.

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Abstract: This article aims to reconstruct the role played by a giant of American philanthropy-the Ford Foundation (FF) - in Argentina starting from a very critical moment for Inter-American relations during the Cold War: 1959. The research is based on an extensive amount of archive sources, including specific information about the grants given by the foundation to hard science professionals in order to escape the political emergency of the mid-Sixties. This contribution will be divided into three parts (i) a brief introduction to the main goals and strategy of the FF and strategy in Latin America in light of the imperatives of the bipolar conflict (ii) the role played in supporting social sciences and organizing resettlement programs (iii) the several contradictions in the process of welcoming these scholars in the U.S. academies.

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León-Manríquez, José Luis. "Power Vacuum or Hegemonic Continuity?" World Affairs 179, no. 3 (December 2016): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820017690946.

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This article argues that the gradual decline of the United States’ economic presence in Latin America—and particularly in South America—reads as a manifestation of Washington’s hegemonic attrition in the world. Indeed, concerns over the Chinese incursion in Latin America and the increase of the pressures of the American hard line could transform the region into a scenario of geopolitical dispute between the two great powers. I first analyze the history of the relations between the United States and Latin America, which have followed a complex trajectory of interest, coercion, consensus, and carelessness. I then focus on bilateral relations since the 1990s and specify the political and economic transformations of Latin America in the first years of the twenty-first century and the consequent paralysis of the United States to understand these changes. The article then summarizes the contours of the dynamic commercial relations between Latin America and China, an emergent actor in the region. I conclude with an examination of the U.S. responses to Chinese presence in the Western hemisphere.

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Baud, Michiel. "Beyond Benedict Anderson: Nation-Building and Popular Democracy in Latin America." International Review of Social History 50, no. 3 (November 18, 2005): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859005002191.

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Beyond Imagined Communities. Reading and Writing the Nation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Ed. by Sara Castro-Klarén and John Charles Chasteen. Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington DC; Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore [etc.] 2003. 280 pp. $45.00. (Paper: $22.95.)Boyer, Christopher Robert. Becoming Campesinos. Politics, Identity, and Agrarian Struggle in Postrevolutionary Michoacán, 1920–1935. Stanford University Press, Stanford (Cal.) 2003. xii, 320 pp. Ill. £45.95.Forment, Carlos A. Democracy in Latin America, 1760–1900. Volume I, Civic Selfhood and Public Life in Mexico and Peru. [Morality and Society Series.] University of Chicago Press, Chicago [etc.] 2003. xxix, 454 pp. Maps. $35.00; £24.50.Larson, Brooke. Trials of Nation Making. Liberalism, Race, and Ethnicity in the Andes, 1810–1910. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [etc.] 2004. xiii, 299 pp. Ill. Maps. $70.00; £45.00. (Paper: $24.99; £17.99.)Studies in the Formation of the National State in Latin America. Ed. by James Dunkerley. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, London, 2002. 298 pp. £14.95; € 20.00; $19.95.

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Carreras, Miguel, Giancarlo Visconti, and Igor Acácio. "The Trump Election and Attitudes toward the United States in Latin America." Public Opinion Quarterly 85, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfab055.

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Abstract Did the election of Donald Trump have an immediate effect on trust in the US government in Latin America? While on the campaign trail, the Republican candidate used strong and derogatory language to describe Latin American countries and people and made policy proposals that could deteriorate US-Latin American relations. However, the effect of the Trump election on attitudes toward the United States might be null or minimal if Latin American citizens have strong priors and/or if they do not pay attention to political information. Therefore, it is not clear whether the 2016 election led to a rapid decline in trust in the US government in Latin America. Leveraging the timing of the field implementation of the 2016 wave of the AmericasBarometer in five Latin American countries, we estimate the effect of the 2016 presidential election on respondents’ attitudes using a regression discontinuity design in time. We find that the election of Trump substantively decreased respondents’ trust in the US government.

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Savin, L. V. "Construction of the Cuban identity and its evolution in the socio-political system." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-4-105-113.

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Interview with Elena Maria Diaz Gonzalez, Professor at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO). Academic career of Prof. Diaz Gonzalez focuses on social development in Latin America and divergences on public policy and gender. She has led numerous research teams, developing valuable materials on the history of Cuba, the dynamics reflecting Cuba’s importance in the international arena, and the recognized Cuban contribution to countries that require international humanitarian support, especially in the face of natural disasters. In addition, through her work, Prof. Diaz Gonzalez has researched several issues connected to the repercussions of the North American hegemony towards Cuba, tracing a new horizon of the new world leaderships in financial, political and diplomatic matters with a historical and analytical reference. She also discusses achievements and democratic challenges of the Cuban society as a sovereign and patriotic struggle, even against the mainstream beliefs on the matter.

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Votre, Sebastião, and Ludmila Mourão. "Ignoring Taboos: Maria Lenk, Latin American Inspirationalist." International Journal of the History of Sport 18, no. 1 (March 2001): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714001488.

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Grantseva, Ekaterina. "Charity in Latin America: Tradition and Modernity." ISTORIYA 14, no. 5 (127) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026800-9.

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The article deals with the historical traditions of charity in Latin America and their relationship with the main organizational forms of modern charity (religious, corporate, private, international). The author examines the main goals of modern Latin American charitable initiatives and the possibilities of the influence of charitable organizations on social changes in the region, and also analyzes the links between the sphere of charity, government institutions and civil societies in Latin American countries. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that at the present stage, the scale of Latin American charity has grown, despite the difficulties and regional specifics, and the range of social problems it solves has also expanded. However, most of the philanthropic activity remains dispersed and relatively ineffective when it comes to sustainable development and activities aimed at qualitative social change. The existing positive examples in the field of charity cannot yet become widespread practices due to the lack of widespread support for charitable initiatives aimed at reducing social gaps, difficulties in interacting with the public sector and difficulties in coordinating ways to solve social problems in the Latin American region.

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Langer, Erick D. "The Barriers to Proletarianization: Bolivian Mine Labour, 1826–1918." International Review of Social History 41, S4 (December 1996): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114269.

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Labour history in Latin America has, to a great degree, followed the models set by the rich historiography in Europe and North America. Other than a justifiable concern with the peculiarities in production for export of primary goods, much of the Latin American historiography suggests that the process of labour formation was rather similar to that of the North Atlantic economies, only lagging behind, as did industrialization in this region of the world. However, this was not the case. The export orientation of the mining industry and its peripheral location in the world economy introduced certain modifications not found in the North Atlantic economies. The vagaries of the mining industry, exacerbated by the severe swings in raw material prices, created conditions which hindered proletarianization and modified the consciousness of the mine workers.

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Lacerda, Fernando. "Insurgency, Theoretical Decolonization and Social Decolonization: Lessons From Cuban Psychology." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3, no. 1 (August 21, 2015): 298–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.154.

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This paper describes how Cuban Psychology is related to the longstanding process of social insurgency against colonialism in Cuba. The paper suggests that the emergence of critical ideas in Psychology does not depend only upon intellectual developments; rather, social struggles can be a driving force that catalyze the development of critical ideas in Psychology. The paper is divided in three parts. First, the text briefly touches the issue of the intrinsic ties between insurgent activity, decolonization, and critical social sciences. Second, the paper presents a general historical description of Latin America and the challenges faced during and after the Cuban Revolution. Finally, the last part the paper offers a general overview of the historical development of Cuban Psychology history in order to analyze the dialectical relations between social and theoretical decolonization. Four developments of Cuban Psychology are presented: (a) how patriotism changed studies of national identity and History of Psychology; (b) professional practices that developed to better address social issues; (c) theoretical debates about the "new human" and the active nature of subjectivity; and (d) the influence of Soviet Psychology and the turn to Latin American Critical Psychology. Concluding notes consider the dialectical relation between, on one side, struggles for socialization of power and, on the other side, theoretical production of Critical Psychologies.

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Alarcón, Renato D., Antonio Lozano-Vargas, Elvia Velásquez, Silvia Gaviria, José Ordoñez- Mancheno, Miriam Lucio, and Alina Uribe. "Venezuelan Migration in Latin America: History and sociodemographic aspects." Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria 85, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v85i2.4228.

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The migration of millions of Venezuelans to South American countries in the last two or three decades is one of the most significant social phenomena in the continent’s history. This article presents a brief historical account of the process and describes a variety of dramatic aspects of the migrants’ experiences throughout the long road towards Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and other countries. The main socio-demographic characteristics of the migrant population (numbers, population types, geographic location in the host country, age, gender and civil status, work and employment) in the above three countries, are described as a relevant basis of further inquiries on the repercussions of migration on the mental health of its protagonists. The information covers important aspects of the journey and the arrival as the initiation of a painful and uncertain process of acculturation and adaptation.

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Davis, Harold Eugene. "Latin American Social Thought. The History of Its Development Since Independence, with Seleted Readings." Revista Mexicana de Sociología 28, no. 3 (July 1996): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3539206.

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Derby, Lauren. "Sorcery in the Black Atlantic: The Occult Arts in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 2 (August 2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00538.

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Three recent volumes—Parés and Sansi (eds.), Sorcery in the Black Atlantic; Paton and Forde (eds.), Obeah and Other Powers; and Sweet, Domingos Álvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World—set a new bar for scholarship about Caribbean and Latin American sorcery, stressing its contingency as well as its transnational and cosmopolitan aspects. Their richly contextualized case studies of African-derived practices related to illness and health, as well as the quotidian experience of slaves outside the plantation, challenge the most entrenched assumptions about sorcery and extend its use to a range of social actors, not just slaves. In the process, they serve to relocate the practice of sorcery in Latin America within a broad comparative framework that includes Europe and the Americas as well as Africa.

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Martín Álvarez, Alberto. "El activismo anticolonial francés y América Latina: La organización Solidarité y su relación con las guerrillas latinoamericanas (1962-1970)." Araucaria, no. 50 (2022): 465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2022.i50.19.

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Este trabajo constituye un primer acercamiento al papel que la izquierda anticolonial francesa tuvo en la solidaridad activa con grupos guerrilleros y movimientos de liberación de América Latina. Para ello, el texto reconstruye el proceso de surgimiento y desarrollo de la organización Solidarité, fundada por veteranos de las redes francesas de apoyo al FLN argelino y analiza las relaciones establecidas con organizaciones revolucionarias latinoamericanas, particularmente en la República Dominicana desde mediados de los años sesenta. La evidencia empírica fundamental de este trabajo la constituye el archivo de Solidarité depositado en los fondos del International Institute of Social History (IISH) de Amsterdam. Junto a ello, se ha hecho uso de diversas fuentes secundarias, incluyendo biografías de activistas clave de Solidarité, entre otras.

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Somma, Nicolás M. "How Do Party Systems Shape Insurgency Levels?A Comparison of Four Nineteenth-Century Latin American Republics." Social Science History 40, no. 2 (2016): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.2.

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This article explores how variations in party systems shape the intensity of insurgency against national authorities in nineteenth-century Latin America. I argue that, under certain conditions, two-party systems may polarize and lead to intense insurgency because they simplify the process of blame attribution, encourage the incumbent party to exclude its opponent from power positions, and motivate leaders to emphasize extreme ideological positions. Conversely, multiparty systems may encourage flexible electoral and congressional alliances among parties, resulting in lower insurgency. I test the argument in four nineteenth-century Latin American republics with different insurgency levels. While in Colombia and Uruguay two-party systems polarized and fueled intense insurgency across the century, Chile and Costa Rica developed flexible multiparty systems that prevented polarization and favored low insurgency.

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Baquero Cruz, Gesny Yadira, Greys M. Florez Torres, and Gerhard Hanappi. "Growth and cooperation of Latin American Countries: The role of industrial knowledge." TECCIENCIA 17, no. 33 (August 16, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.2.

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A direct comparison of the welfare implications of pure competition between the states of Latin America and the outcome of a cooperative set of actions of these states is not possible. Laboratory experiments in the social sciences are impossible; societies experience just one run through history. Nevertheless, a concise study of the performance of a specific tool of cooperation, namely the Industrial Knowledge Bank (IKB), can be performed. If over time, such a tool attracts more and more countries, which formerly relied on competitive forces only, then an indirect proof of the superiority of cooperation can be assumed. The industrial knowledge is exchanged via specified projects, which form a network in the IKB data-bank. Then, the evolution of the structure of this network mimics the growth of the actual cooperative industrial projects. This paper provides a brief history and description of this institutional attempt to increase cooperation. It also shows the most relevant bottlenecks met by this project. Further, a clear picture of the state of industrial cooperation across South America is studied in detail through the development of the nodes of this network. We then use two indices typical for welfare increase to compare Latin American countries being part of the cooperation with those not taking part. The visible correlation can be interpreted as a hint of the advantages of cooperation. In conclusion, we provide some possible future scenarios for further industrial development in Latin America based on the study of this Industrial Knowledge Bank.

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Quiroga-Villamarín, Daniel Ricardo. "‘An Atmosphere of Genuine Solidarity and Brotherhood’: Hernán Santa-Cruz and a Forgotten Latin American Contribution to Social Rights." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 21, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 71–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340103.

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Abstract Latin America played a crucial role in furthering the cause of human rights at the nascent United Nations (UN) when great powers were mostly interested in limiting the scope to issues of collective security. Following this line of thought, this article aims to understand the Latin American contributions to the promotion of ESCRs in both global and regional debates by tracing the figure of the Chilean diplomat Hernán Santa-Cruz and his efforts as both a drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and founder of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). In Santa-Cruz’s silhouette we can find a vivid example of Latin American thought regarding social rights, marked by the intersections and contradictions of regional discourses such as social Catholicism, socialist constitutionalism, and developmentalist economic theories.

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Martinez-Alier, Joan. "Ecology and the Poor: A Neglected Dimension of Latin American History." Journal of Latin American Studies 23, no. 3 (October 1991): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0001587x.

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This Commentary addresses the issue of ecological perception and ecological politics among poor populations, rural and urban. Some social struggles by poor people (and some national struggles by poor countries) can be understood also as ecological struggles. This approach reveals the ecological content, both hidden and explicit, of social movements from the past or present, which have been geared to defend access to natural resources against the advance of the generalised market system, and that have contributed to the conservation of resources to the extent that the market undervalues externalities. Examples are taken mainly from the history of highland and coastal Peru, but this approach is relevant also for the Amazonian region. Some comparisons are made with other countries in Latin America and also with India.

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Gootenberg, Paul. "A Forgotten Case of “Scientific Excellence on the Periphery”: The Nationalist Cocaine Science of Alfredo Bignon, 1884–1887." Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 202–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750700045x.

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In recent years, Latin American history has been awash in an exciting wave of scholarship on the history of science and medicine. Historians are exploring Latin American reactions to foreign medical, sanitary and scientific missions; the creation of national research institutions; the impact of epidemics on conceptions of urban space, politics and social control; the role of indigenous and folk cures in modern public health campaigns; and the relation of transnational eugenics movements to national anxieties about race, among other fertile topics. Pioneering medical historian Marcos Cueto dubs this focus “scientific excellence on the periphery”—the idea that surprising avenues of research and innovation occurred in societies generally deemed “underdeveloped,” especially in modern scientific activities and outlooks.

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Moulines, C. Ulises. "What is characteristic of Latin American philosophy?" Metascience 19, no. 3 (August 10, 2010): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9419-y.

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Schembs, Katharina. "The invention of the “third-world city”: urban planning in Latin America in the 1960s and early 1970s." Esboços: histórias em contextos globais 28, no. 47 (March 30, 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2021.e75358.

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While the first half of the 20th century was mainly characterized by the importation of urban planning models from Europe and the USA to Latin America, the 1960s represent a turning point: In the context of different development theories, local planners first started to emphasize the supposed structural similarities of Latin American cities and then their parallels with other cities of the Global South. Social theorists, economists and urbanists of the time conceptualized cities not only as litmus tests of the developmental stage of the individual country, but also as motors to enable economic progress. Analyzing different Latin American architectural and urban planning publications, the article traces references toother Latin American and “Third-World” countries that grew in size in the course of the 1960s. In some cases, this even led to South-South contacts in the field of urban planning to the research of which this article is a start.

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Adelman, Jeremy. "Remembering in Latin America." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 39, no. 3 (January 2009): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2009.39.3.387.

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Latin American historians and social scientists have been grappling with the region's experience of crimes against humanity since the 1950s. In recent years, a number of important works have sought to go beyond the concern for “transitional justice” as a frame for writing about how societies grapple with atrocious pasts, examining instead the ties between historiography and the legacies of atrocity—the murky relationship between what is known about and what is known from the past.

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Martínez, Juliana, Maxine Molyneux, and Diego Sánchez-Ancochea. "Latin American capitalism: economic and social policy in transition." Economy and Society 38, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085140802560470.

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Morcillo Laiz, Álvaro. "The Cold War Origins of Global IR. The Rockefeller Foundation and Realist Theory in Latin America." Estudios Sociológicos de El Colegio de México 41, Especial (February 28, 2023): 141–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/es.2023v41nespecial.2377.

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This article questions and partially refutes three arguments about the history of international relations (IR) as a discipline. The first argument has been raised in the literature about global IR, which argues that the discipline mirrors the power gap that characterizes international politics. The second argument is that classical realist IR theory reached the zenith of its influence in the 1950s thanks to the support that Hans J. Morgenthau and his likes received from the Rockefeller Foundation. The third is that the history of the social sciences in Latin America can be told without considering foreign donors. This article shows that the patronage granted by the Rockefeller Foundation as the International Studies Center at the Colegio de México opened its doors in 1960 explains the division between IR and political science and its emphasis on realist IR theory and area studies. Two explanations account for the donor’s impact: the dexter use of conditionality and the legitimacy that those conditions had from in the recipient’s point of view. The donor changed Mexican and possibly Latin American IR.

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Vargas-Alzate, Luis Fernando. "WASHINGTON AND LATIN AMERICA: A CONSIDERABLE INDIFFERENCE." Análisis Político 29, no. 86 (January 1, 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v29n86.58040.

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This paper offers an analysis of historical, political, economic, and social events on which US-Latin American relations have been based. Centered on a constructivist approach, I review the main stages for explaining the quality and intensity of the interaction between the actors under consideration. In addition, I contend that US-Latin American relations have been cyclical in nature, and that these cycles have in turn complicated the task of assessing the dynamic of the relationship over the long term.I argue that the US achieved economic and political control over Latin America from the Nineteenth century. Although the specific circumstances that governed US-Latin American relations changed throughout the Twentieth century, this basic condition of domination remained. The situation changed, however, at the beginning of the Twenty-First century, during which Washington effectively lost Latin America. Nonetheless, Washington and Latin America are currently experiencing a rapprochement. This paper explains this sequence in detail and opens new discussions.

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Wade, Peter, Carlos López-Beltrán, Eduardo Restrepo, and Ricardo Ventura Santos. "Genomic research, publics and experts in Latin America: Nation, race and body." Social Studies of Science 45, no. 6 (December 2015): 775–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312715623108.

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The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wider debates about the effects of genomic science on public ideas about race and nation. We argue that current ideas about the power of genomics to transfigure and transform existing ways of thinking about human diversity are often overstated. If a range of social contexts are examined, the effects are uneven. Our data show that genomic knowledge can unsettle and reinforce ideas of nation and race; it can be both banal and highly politicized. In this introduction, we outline concepts of genetic knowledge in society; theories of genetics, nation and race; approaches to public understandings of science; and the Latin American contexts of transnational ideas of nation and race.

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Rosenthal, Anton. "Spectacle, Fear, and Protest." Social Science History 24, no. 1 (2000): 33–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010075.

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The history of the city in twentieth-century Latin America can be seen as a long contest over the exercise of urban public space. While the nature of this space is often less physical than it is social and situational, the struggle between different elements of the city to manipulate its politics and control its daily life has often been violent, leaving deep imprints in the collective memories of places as culturally and physically diverse as Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Havana, Bogotá, and Rio de Janeiro.If approached from the perspective of contested space, the urban milieu offers an intriguing site for the historian interestedin exploring changing relations of power, class conflict, opposing visions of the future, breakdowns of social order, gendered spaces, health and disease, visual culture, spectacle and symbolic codes, and ultimately, the creation of community. Yet until the 1980s, most Latin American historians who were interestedin these themes confined their studies to the countryside. As late as 1975, Jorge Hardoy (1975:44) could write that “the urban history of the second half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth is virtually unknown, in spite of the extremely rich material left to us by innumerable travelers, scientists, and men of state.” While historians and social scientists working from the 1950s through much of the 1970s delineated the complex relations between peasant villages and national states, the ideologies of rural rebellion, and the sources of identity and community in a countryside transformed by the demands of export capital, cities in twentieth-century Latin America were accorded secondary treatment, sometimes at the level of popular anecdotal narratives.

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Carter, Eric D., and Marcelo Sánchez Delgado. "A debate over the link between Salvador Allende, Max Westenhöfer, and Rudolf Virchow: contributions to the history of social medicine in Chile and internationally." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 27, no. 3 (September 2020): 899–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702020000400011.

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Abstract In the history of Latin American social medicine, numerous works have presented a harmonious link between Rudolf Virchow, Max Westenhöfer, and Salvador Allende, which establishes the origin of ideas of Latin American social medicine in a prestigious European source, represented by Virchow. A key to that story is that Allende was a student of Westenhöfer, a disciple of Virchow who lived in Chile three times (1908-1911, 1929-1932, and 1948-1957). Based on primary sources and contextual data, this article problematizes the relationship between Allende and Westenhöfer, and questions the influence of Virchow in Chilean social medicine.

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Kent, Michael, Vivette García-Deister, Carlos López-Beltrán, Ricardo Ventura Santos, Ernesto Schwartz-Marín, and Peter Wade. "Building the genomic nation: ‘Homo Brasilis’ and the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ in comparative cultural perspective." Social Studies of Science 45, no. 6 (November 20, 2015): 839–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312715611262.

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This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction of collective social identities in Latin America. It makes a comparative analysis of two research projects – the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ and the ‘Homo Brasilis’ – both of which sought to establish national and genetic profiles. Both have reproduced and strengthened the idea of their respective nations of focus, incorporating biological elements into debates on social identities. Also, both have placed the unifying figure of the mestizo/ mestiço at the heart of national identity constructions, and in so doing have displaced alternative identity categories, such as those based on race. However, having been developed in different national contexts, these projects have had distinct scientific and social trajectories: in Mexico, the genomic mestizo is mobilized mainly in relation to health, while in Brazil the key arena is that of race. We show the importance of the nation as a frame for mobilizing genetic data in public policy debates, and demonstrate how race comes in and out of focus in different Latin American national contexts of genomic research, while never completely disappearing.

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Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. "Elites, Elite Settlements, and Revolutionary Movements in Latin America, 1950–1980: Introduction." Social Science History 18, no. 4 (1994): 543–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017156.

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Social revolutions as well as revolutionary movements have recently held great interest for both sociopolitical theorists and scholars of Latin American politics. Before we can proceed with any useful analysis, however, we must distinguish between these two related but not identical phenomena. Adapting Theda Skocpol’s approach, we can define social revolutions as “rapid, basic transformations of a society’s state and class structures; and they are accompanied and in part carried through by” mass-based revolts from below, sometimes in cross-class coalitions (Skocpol 1979: 4; Wickham-Crowley 1991:152). In the absence of such basic sociopolitical transformations, I will not speak of (social) revolution or of a revolutionary outcome, only about revolutionary movements, exertions, projects, and so forth. Studies of the failures and successes of twentieth-century Latin American revolutions have now joined the ongoing theoretical debate as to whether such outcomes occur due to society- or movement-centered processes or instead due to state- or regime-centered events (Wickham-Crowley 1992).

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Torres, Cesar R. "The Latin American ‘Olympic explosion’ of the 1920s: Causes and consequences." International Journal of the History of Sport 23, no. 7 (November 2006): 1088–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360600832320.

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Yepes Muñoz, Rubén. "Latin American Visual Studies: A Genealogical Picture." Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2024): 4–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23870/marlas.441.

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The last fifteen years have witnessed the emergence of Latin American visual studies. In this essay, we create a genealogical picture of the field and demonstrate that, by drawing from Latin American cultural studies and cultural criticism and through its focus on the region’s social and political issues, it has developed a specificity of its own. First, we briefly examine the contributions made by Latin American art history, social sciences, and communication to the discourse of Latin American visual studies. Second, we address the relationship between visual and cultural studies, arguing that the latter is the main epistemic field from which the former has emerged. In the third and main section, we detail key directions, themes, and projects currently being developed. We conclude by underscoring several aspects of Latin American visual studies’ epistemic and intellectual specificity, with a final reflection on the field’s potential evolution as it consolidates within academia. Los últimos quince años han atestiguado el surgimiento de los estudios visuales latinoamericanos. En este ensayo, creamos un cuadro genealógico del campo y demostramos que, a partir de los estudios culturales y la crítica cultural latinoamericanos y a través de su enfoque en los problemas sociales y políticos de la región, los estudios visuales han desarrollado una especificidad propia. Primero, examinamos brevemente los aportes de la historia del arte, las ciencias sociales y la comunicación latinoamericanas al discurso de los estudios visuales latinoamericanos. A continuación, abordamos la relación entre los estudios visuales y culturales, argumentando que este último es el principal campo epistémico del que ha surgido el primero. En la tercera y principal sección, detallamos las principales direcciones, temas y proyectos que se están desarrollando actualmente. Concluimos subrayando varios aspectos de la especificidad epistémica e intelectual de los estudios visuales latinoamericanos, con una reflexión final sobre la evolución potencial del campo a medida que se consolide dentro de la academia.

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Cornell, L. L. "Reproduction, Production, Social Science, and the Past: A Dissenting Review." Social Science History 11, no. 1 (1987): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015674.

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Social Scientists use historical data. Historians use social science concepts. The intersection of these two disciplines, history and social science, has been a vibrant source of research questions over the last fifteen years but also raises the issue of how they are to be interrelated. The search for an answer to this question has resulted in the publication of Theda Skocpol’s Vision and Method in Historical Sociology and Olivier Zunz’s Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History, which juxtapose the two words in different order. In Skocpol (1984) history modifies sociology; in Zunz (1985) social science modifies history. Both books are collections of articles. Skocpol’s volume contains nine reviews of the work of masters in this field along with an introduction and conclusion by the editor. Zunz’s has an introduction which reviews the literature of social history in five areas of the world: Western Europe, the United States, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and China. This review highlights the strength of Skocpol’s method and of Zunz’s commitment to analysis of non-Western societies but argues that both authors, in limiting their definition of the field to studies of production, ignore an equally vital topic for social analysis of the past, reproduction.

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Richardson, Miles. "Collisions with History: Latin American Fiction and Social Science from “El Boom” to the New World Order." Hispanic American Historical Review 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-84-4-722.

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Scarfi, Juan Pablo. "Denaturalizing the Monroe Doctrine: The rise of Latin American legal anti-imperialism in the face of the modern US and hemispheric redefinition of the Monroe Doctrine." Leiden Journal of International Law 33, no. 3 (June 11, 2020): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215652000031x.

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AbstractThe Monroe Doctrine was originally formulated as a US foreign policy principle, but in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries it began to be redefined in relation to both the hemispheric policy of Pan-Americanism and the interventionist policies of the US in Central America and the Caribbean. Although historians and social scientists have devoted a great deal of attention to Latin American anti-imperialist ideologies, there was a distinct legal tradition within the broader Latin American anti-imperialist traditions especially concerned with the nature and application of the Monroe Doctrine, which has been overlooked by international law scholars and the scholarship focusing on Latin America. In recent years, a new revisionist body of research has emerged exploring the complicity between the history of modern international law and imperialism, as well as Third World perspectives on international law, but this scholarship has begun only recently to explore legal anti-imperialist contributions and their legacy. The purpose of this article is to trace the rise of this Latin American anti-imperialist legal tradition, assessing its legal critique of the Monroe Doctrine and its implications for current debates about US exceptionalism and elastic behaviour in international law and organizations, especially since 2001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social sciences -> history -> latin american history'

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