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Journal articles on the topic 'Social sciences – Psychology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Bzymek, Agnieszka. "Towards Resilience in Social Sciences-from Psychology to Social Pedagogy." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 2021(42), no. 4 (December 2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2021.4.04.

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In the view of recent social sciences, the concept of resilience is associated primarily with positive adaptation regarding people exposed to various adversities and traumatic events for both children and adults. The majority of researchers ultimately agree on the coexistence of several factors affecting the disruption of an individual's functioning, illness or social maladaptation. With reference to social pedagogy, the category of resilience being not only psychological, finds comprehensive application to human and social life, including social problems, social exclusion and threats regarding family, school and education environment, and, finally, assistance in development processes and education of adults and the elderly. The aim of the article is to point out the indicated aspects.

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2

Roeckelein, Jon E. "Hierarchy of the Sciences and Terminological Sharing of Laws among the Sciences." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3 (December 1997): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.739.

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A variable called index of terminological sharing that measures the extent to which one science shares lawful concepts from another science was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an hierarchy of sciences and psychology's terminological relationship with other sciences. (1) The values of the index will be relatively small for the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) as compared to the relatively large values for the social sciences (anthropology, sociology), and (2) the index's value for psychology will be closer to the mean value of the social sciences than to that of the natural sciences. Analysis showed only a 17% agreement between the present data and the relative ordering of the sciences assumed by the hierarchy. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, but not Hypothesis 2. Index values for psychology were closer to those of the natural sciences than to those of the social sciences. Psychology appears to have a relatively high terminological independence concerning citation of shared lawful concepts in textbooks as compared to other sciences, but also psychology shows a large and disproportionate use of eponyms in references to shared lawful concepts. It was suggested that new quantitative-comparative measures, in addition to the present index, be developed to understand further psychology's relationships with other sciences.

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3

Fedorov, Alexandr A. "The place of psychology in Whittaker’s circular classification of the sciences." Theory & Psychology 29, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 820–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354319884637.

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This article discusses the place of psychology in Whittaker’s circular classification of the sciences. It is shown that it was Thomas Whittaker who undertook the first attempt to build a closed circular scheme on the basis of a linear series of sciences in 1903, fifteen years before Piaget. Whittaker decomposed psychology into two independent fundamental sciences (animal psychology and human psychology) and was able to preserve psychology’s connection with philosophy, social, and natural sciences. Whittaker’s approach shows that psychology may not be a holistic science. The fruitfulness of this approach is related to the fact that considering “psychological sciences” as different disciplines we are not obliged to construct a single subject matter of psychology.

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Resch, Mária, and Tamás Bella. "Political psychology." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 16 (April 2013): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29582.

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In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

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5

Batel, Susana, and Rita Guerra. "Social psychology as a social science." Portuguese Journal of Social Science 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss_00001_2.

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6

Durrheim, Kevin. "Social Constructionism, Discourse, and Psychology." South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 3 (September 1997): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700308.

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This paper serves as an introduction to social constructionist approaches to psychology. It outlines the arguments which have prompted a shift away from empiricism in the social sciences. Harré's (1992) distinction between behaviourism and the first and second cognitive revolution is used to provide a broad historical framework to develop contrasts between mainstream empiricist psychology and constructionist approaches. The central claim is that theories of meaning are embodied in theories of science, and that we need a new (constructionist) theory of science to underpin a psychology which takes the meaningful nature of human activity as its object of study. Finally, the paper introduces discourse analysis as a methodology which can sustain a constructionist, post-empiricist analysis.

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7

van der Vlist, René. "Psychology." Concepts and Transformation 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.5.2.04vli.

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I present here my views on psychology as a science. The article is the result of an ongoing discussion between ‘academic’ and ‘professional’ psychology in The Netherlands. Many proponents of ‘academic’ psychology are in favor of a psychology as if it is one of the disciplines of the natural sciences. Other psychologists, mostly those found in the professional field, hold the view that psychology is one of the social sciences and should not renounce such human capabilities as empathy, introspection, and dialogue. Without these we would not be able to understand others and eventually help them. This article is a plea for a ‘social’ psychology rather than a ‘natural scientific’ psychology. A social psychology that can play a role in action research.

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8

James, Keith. "Social Psychology." Social Science Computer Review 18, no. 2 (May 2000): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443930001800208.

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9

Masters, Roger D. "Biological Perspectives in the Social Sciences." Politics and the Life Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 1994): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400022401.

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From July 31 to August 6, 1993, the Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research and the Nelson A. Rockefeller Center for the Social Sciences at Dartmouth College cosponsored a Faculty Seminar on “Biological Perspectives in the Social Sciences” at Dartmouth. Participants included scholars and graduate students from anthropology, communications, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology, as well as representatives from business and the public sector.

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10

REICH, JAMES. "Seminars in Psychology and the Social Sciences." American Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 7 (July 1995): 1091–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.7.1091.

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11

Emir, Badegül Can. "Literature and Psychology in the Context of the Interaction of Social Sciences." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.4.49.

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There is a two-way relationship between literature and psychology coming together on the same intersection at the point of essential people and human behavior. As it is possible to approach literature and to evaluate literary works with the resources of psychology, and of literary sciences, so it is also possible to consider literary works based on psychology and to discover psychological facts in literature. Thus, both psychologists and writers have taken into consideration the relationship between literature and psychology. Studies of the science of psychology directed to literature, literary works and writers that was introduced by Freud continued with other outstanding theorists of psychology such as Adler, Jung, Lacan, From, Reich and Klein. Likewise, writers and literary theorists such as N.Holland, Lev Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Virginia Woolf contributed to the psychology of literature. This paper is an effort to analyze the relationship between literature and psychology considering the wide field which the science of psychology opens for literature.

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12

Crozier, Ivan. "Social Psychology." Social Studies of Science 30, no. 4 (August 2000): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631200030004006.

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13

Annette, Lucy. "Opening up research in social sciences." Impact 2020, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.83.

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The Open Research Area (ORA) for Social Sciences is an international initiative that provides social science research funding and support. It was founded in 2010 by members of the Bonn Group and based on agreement by European social science funding bodies The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), France, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK, and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Canada, later joined, as well as the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) as an associate member. ORA facilitates collaborative social sciences research by bringing together researchers from participating countries. Researchers from the partner countries who fulfil the eligibility criteria of their national funding organisation apply to the ORA office handling the year's applications and Japanese researchers submit their applications to JSPS Tokyo. ORA accepts applications from all areas of the social sciences and there is a key focus on supporting young researchers at the beginning of their careers, helping them to extend the reach of their work and network on an international scale. Ultimately, ORA exists to drive forward high-quality research and strengthen international collaboration in social sciences research. So far, five rounds of ORA have been successfully completed, with more than 60 international collaborative proposals funded across diverse social sciences fields, including political science, economics, empirical social science, psychology, geography, urban planning and education science.

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Annette, Lucy. "Opening up research in social sciences." Impact 2021, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.2.4.

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The Open Research Area (ORA) for Social Sciences is an international initiative that provides social science research funding and support. It was founded in 2010 by members of the Bonn Group and based on agreement by European social science funding bodies The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), France, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK, and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Canada, later joined, as well as the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) as an associate member. ORA facilitates collaborative social sciences research by bringing together researchers from participating countries. Researchers from the partner countries who fulfil the eligibility criteria of their national funding organisation apply to the ORA office handling the year's applications and Japanese researchers submit their applications to JSPS Tokyo. ORA accepts applications from all areas of the social sciences and there is a key focus on supporting young researchers at the beginning of their careers, helping them to extend the reach of their work and network on an international scale. Ultimately, ORA exists to drive forward high-quality research and strengthen international collaboration in social sciences research. So far, five rounds of ORA have been successfully completed, with more than 60 international collaborative proposals funded across diverse social sciences fields, including political science, economics, empirical social science, psychology, geography, urban planning and education science.

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15

Sjöström, Arne, Alexandra Sowka, Mario Gollwitzer, Christoph Klimmt, and Tobias Rothmund. "Exploring Audience Judgments of Social Science in Media Discourse." Journal of Media Psychology 25, no. 1 (January 2013): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000077.

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In contrast to research on the communication of “hard” sciences (e.g., nanotechnology), research on public assessments of social science’s role in media discourse is rare. Extending previous work on how the general audience perceives and assesses the quality of journalistic news reports about scientific research programs and their respective results, the present study explored how the lay audience perceives and evaluates the visibility of social sciences in the media discourse on controversial public issues (in this particular case, the violent video games debate). The results revealed that the public audience recognizes a high visibility of social sciences and furthermore believes that social sciences can substantially contribute to the public debate about violent video games and their effects. Moreover, we found a positive association between people’s recognition of social sciences in the debate and the quality of journalistic coverage on the violent video games debate. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for research on public understanding of, and public engagement with, science.

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16

Goldman, Alvin. "Social epistemics and social psychology." Social Epistemology 5, no. 2 (April 1991): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691729108578607.

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17

Bollen, Kenneth A. "Latent Variables in Psychology and the Social Sciences." Annual Review of Psychology 53, no. 1 (February 2002): 605–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135239.

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18

Morasch, Bruce. "Electronic Social Psychology." Serials Review 12, no. 2-3 (June 1986): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1986.10763700.

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19

Белопольский, В. И., А. Л. Журавлев, and А. А. Костригин. "THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES." Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, no. 3(19) (October 28, 2020): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2020.19.3.008.

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Авторы обращаются к истории организации и становления сектора социальной психологии в структуре Института психологии АН СССР в 1972-1975 гг. Описывается социально-исторический и научный контекст возникновения сектора. Обнаруженные архивные материалы показывают, как происходило обособление социально-психологической проблематики в самостоятельное научное подразделение, и как развивались темы научно-исследовательской деятельности в первые годы работы сектора. Рассматривается научная деятельность первых сотрудников сектора социальной психологии (зав. сектором Е.В. Шороховой, С.С. Паповяна, К.К. Платонова, М.И. Бобневой, О.И. Зотовой, Е.В. Спивак, Н.В. Кучевской, Ю.М. Жукова, П.Н. Шихирева), перед которыми стояла задача разработки социально-психологических проблем, а также участие других сотрудников Института психологии (Л.И. Анцыферовой, Е.А. Будиловой) и внешних исследователей (А.Р. Лурии) в социально-психологических исследованиях. Описываются первые планы и отчеты о научно-исследовательской деятельности сектора за 1972-1975 гг. Основными направлениями научных исследований являлись: методологические проблемы социальной психологии, история отечественной и зарубежной социальной психологии, социально-психологические факторы формирования личности, психологическая структура личности в разных социальных группах, социально-психологические особенности коллектива, психологические механизмы социальной регуляции поведения. Показывается научно-организационная деятельность сектора социальной психологии в эти годы: семинар «Методологические проблемы социальной психологии» (рук. Е.В. Шорохова), конференция-совещание «Биологическое и социальное в развитии человека» (сентябрь 1975 г.). Научно-исследовательская и научно-организационная деятельность сектора позволила Институту психологии стать одним из крупнейших научных центров в стране, занимающихся вопросами социальной психологии. The authors address the history of the organization and formation of the sector of social psychology in the structure of the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1972-1975. The social-historical and scientific context of the emergence of the sector of social psychology at the Institute of Psychology is described. The discovered archival materials show how the social-psychological problems were separated into an independent scientific unit and how the topics of research activities developed in the first years of the sector's work. The authors examine the scientific activity of the first employees of the sector of social psychology (head of the sector E.V. Shorokhova, S.S. Papovyan, K.K. Platonov, M.I. Bobneva, O.I. Zotova, E.V. Spivak, N.V. Kuchevskaya, Yu.M. Zhukov, P.N. Shikhirev), who were faced with the task of developing social-psychological problems, as well as the participation of other employees of the Institute of Psychology (L.I. Antsyferova, E.A. Budilova) and external researchers (A.R. Luria) in social-psychological research. The first plans and reports on the sector's research activities for 1972-1975 are described. The main directions of scientific research were: methodological problems of social psychology, history of Russian and foreign social psychology, social-psychological factors of personality formation, psychological structure of a personality in different social groups, social-psychological characteristics of a collective, psychological mechanisms of social regulation of behavior. The scientific-organizational activity of the sector of social psychology in these years is shown: the seminar “Methodological problems of social psychology” (headed by E.V. Shorokhova), the conference-meeting “Biological and social in human development” (September 1975). The research and scientific-organizational activities of the sector of social psychology allowed the Institute of Psychology to become one of the largest scientific centers in the country dealing with issues of social psychology.

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Sorokowski, Piotr, and Magdalena Wrembel. "Color studies in applied psychology and social sciences: An overview." Polish Journal of Applied Psychology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjap-2015-0006.

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Abstract Our article presents a comprehensive overview of studies on colour from the perspective of applied psychology and social sciences. It discusses major findings from the psychology of colour applied to marketing, business, politics and sports as well as to problems connected with using color tests in psychological diagnoses. Moreover, we present an overview of particularly interesting colour studies on synaesthesia related to cognitive and applied psychology as well as psycholinguistics. Finally, we discuss the most recent trends in investigations into applied colour psychology as well as potential directions for further research.

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21

Guerin, Bernard. "Arthur F. Bentley’s early writings: His relevance to behavior analysis, contemporary psychology and the social sciences." Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento 7, no. 1 (2016): 001–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18761/pac.2015.032.

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22

Eidelson, Roy J. "Complex Adaptive Systems in the Behavioral and Social Sciences." Review of General Psychology 1, no. 1 (March 1997): 42–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.1.42.

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This article examines applications of complexity theory within the behavioral and social sciences. Specific attention is given to the fundamental characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS)—such as individuals, groups, and societies—including the underlying structure of CAS, the internal dynamics of evolving CAS, and how CAS respond to their environment. Examples drawn from psychology, sociology, economics, and political science include attitude formation, majority–minority relations, social networks, family systems, psychotherapy, norm formation, organizational development, coalition formation, economic instabilities, urban development, the electoral process, political transitions, international relations, social movements, drug policy, and criminal behavior. The discussion also addresses the obstacles to implementing the CAS perspective in the behavioral and social sciences and implications for research methodology.

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23

Arifah, Siti Lailatul. ""NGROWOT" TIRAKAT IN EXACT SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES, SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGY." Journal Intellectual Sufism Research (JISR) 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52032/jisr.v1i1.15.

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In this modern life the tradition of ngrowot is seen by people outside the pesantren and it is probable that the santri themselves are merely rituals which are related to things that are supernatural, magical, and not scientifically explained. This study aims to find out how tirakat ngrowot when viewed from the perspective of exact science, social and psychology. In the perspective of the exact science of tirakat ngrowot can help in mastering the exact sciences, in terms of social tirakat ngrowot able to contribute to the success of food diversification programs and psychologically tirakat ngrowot able to increase emotional intelligence in a person.

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24

Allwood, Carl Martin, and Jan Bärmark. "Situating the Social Psychology of Science." Social Studies of Science 25, no. 3 (August 1995): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631295025003009.

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Morawski, Jill. "Description in the Psychological Sciences." Representations 135, no. 1 (2016): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.135.1.119.

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This essay uses the case of scientific psychology to explore modes of description and the broader objectives underlying these modes, reporting on both the complexities and potentials of psychological description. It examines the description techniques of the classic Milgram experiment and offers a redescription of the resulting data to show both how psychology’s practices of description entail more than objective accounts of observed behavior and how these descriptions can influence the social world and our understandings of ourselves. The case of Stanley Milgram’s experiments in obedience suggest the material and social powers of the descriptions psychologists “give away” for human benefit.

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White, Jeffrey. "Grounding Social Sciences in Cognitive Sciences." Philosophical Psychology 28, no. 8 (June 19, 2014): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2014.926448.

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Schubert, András, and Anikó Somogyi. "Information flow between medical and social sciences." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 52 (December 2014): 2093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.30033.

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In order to reveal impacts of natural and social sciences on each other, the authors examined connections between fields of medical and social sciences using a search for references and citations of scientific publication. 1. The largest affinity between the medical and social sciences was found between neurosciences and psychology, but there was a significant affinity between clinical sciences and general social sciences, as well. 2. The example of General & Internal Medicine papers in the topics of “diabetes” suggests that in the period 2001–2010 the share of references to social sciences was significantly increased. In the meantime, social science papers in the same topics contained references to Clinical Medicine papers in a constantly high percentage. 3. In the sample under study, the age distribution of social science papers in the references did not differ significantly from that of the other sources. 4. Share of references to social science papers was found to be extremely high among Hungarian General & Internal Medicine papers in the topics of “diabetes”. This finding still requires clarification, nevertheless, since e.g. it was not supported by an institutional comparison including the largest Hungarian medical research university. 5. The intensity of the reference/citation mediated information flows between the Hungarian Medical Journal, Orvosi Hetilap and social sciences appears to be in accordance with the current international trends. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(52), 2093–2096.

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Roeckelein, Jon E. "Psychology among the Sciences: Comparisons of Numbers of Theories and Laws Cited in Textbooks." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.131.

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A measure called “theories-to-laws ratio” (number of cited theories divided by number of cited laws in textbooks) was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an “hierarchy of sciences” and psychology's place among the sciences. (1) The ratio will be well-balanced, i.e., show low values, for the “natural” sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) and be poorly balanced, i.e., show high values, for the “social” sciences (anthropology, sociology). (2) The theories-to-laws ratio of psychology will be closer to the mean of the “social” sciences than to the mean of the “natural” sciences. Analysis showed a 67% agreement between the present data and the predicted “hierarchy of sciences” relative ordering of the sciences so Hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed. Other quantitative measures, in addition to this ratio, might be developed to evaluate further psychology's place among the sciences.

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Krueger, Joachim I. "The flight from reasoning in psychology." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000751.

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Psychological science can benefit from a theoretical unification with other social sciences. Social psychology in particular has gone through cycles of repression, denying itself the opportunity to see the calculating element in human interaction. A closer alignment with theories of evolution and theories of interpersonal (and intergroup) games would bring strategic reasoning back into the focus of research.

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Schmitt, Frederick. "Social epistemology and social cognitive psychology." Social Epistemology 5, no. 2 (April 1991): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691729108578606.

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Rozin, Paul. "Social Psychology and Science: Some Lessons From Solomon Asch." Personality and Social Psychology Review 5, no. 1 (February 2001): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0501_1.

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This article presents a methodological critique of the predominant research paradigms in modern social psychology, particularly social cognition, taking the approach of Solomon Asch as a more appropriate model. The critique has 2 parts. First, the dominant model of science in the field is appropriate only for a well-developed science, in which basic, real-world phenomena have been identified, important invariances in these phenomena have been documented, and appropriate model systems that capture the essence of these phenomena have been developed. These requirements are not met for most of the phenomena under study in social psychology. Second, the model of science in use is a caricature of the actual scientific process in well-developed sciences such as biology. Such research is often not model or even hypothesis driven, but rather relies on “informed curiosity” to motivate research. Descriptive studies are considered important and make up a substantial part of the literature, and there is less exclusive reliance on experiment. The two parts of the critique are documented by analysis of articles in appropriate psychology and biology journals. The author acknowledges that important and high quality work is currently being done in social psychology, but believes that the field has maladaptively narrowed the range of the phenomena and methodological approaches that it deems acceptable or optimal.

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Jussim, Lee. "Liberal Privilege in Academic Psychology and the Social Sciences." Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 5 (September 2012): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691612455205.

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Ash, Mitchell G. "Historicizing Mind Science: Discourse, Practice, Subjectivity." Science in Context 5, no. 2 (1992): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001150.

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It is no longer necessary to defend current historiography of psychology against the strictures aimed at its early text book incarnations in the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, Robert Young (1966) and others denigrated then standard textbook histories of psychology for their amateurism and their justifications propaganda for specific standpoints in current psychology, disguised as history. Since then, at least some textbooks writers and working historians of psychology have made such criticisms their own (Leahey 1986; Furumoto 1989). The demand for textbook histories continues nonetheless. Psychology, at least in the United States, remains the only discipline that makes historical representations of itself in the form of “history and systems” courses an official part of its pedagogical canon, required, interestingly enough, for the license in clinical practice (see Ash 1983).1In the meantime, the professionalization of scholarship in history of psychology has proceeded apace. All of the trends visible in historical and social studies of other sciences, as well as in general cultural and intellectual history, are noe present in the historical study of psychology. Yet despite the visibility and social importance of psychology's various applications, and the prominence of certain schools of psychological thought such as behaviorism and psychoanalysis in contemporary cultural and political debate, the historiography of psychology has continued to hold a marginal position in history and social studies of science.

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Scott, Bernard. "Cybernetics for the Social Sciences." Brill Research Perspectives in Sociocybernetics and Complexity 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 1–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25900587-12340002.

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Abstract This publication meets a long-felt need to show the relevance of cybernetics for the social sciences (including psychology, sociology, and anthropology). User-friendly descriptions of the core concepts of cybernetics are provided, with examples of how they can be used in the social sciences. It is explained how cybernetics functions as a transdiscipline that unifies other disciplines and a metadiscipline that provides insights about how other disciplines function. An account of how cybernetics emerged as a distinct field is provided, following interdisciplinary meetings in the 1940s, convened to explore feedback and circular causality in biological and social systems. How encountering cybernetics transformed the author’s thinking and his understanding of life in general, is also recounted.

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Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Applying Social Psychology to International Social Issues." Journal of Social Issues 54, no. 4 (January 1998): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01242.x.

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Kanke, Victor Andreevich, Natalya Ilinichna Kiseleva, Tatiana Nikolaevna Seregina, Elena Vitalievna Tarakanovskaya, and Ilya Vadimovich Opryshko. "The complementarity of sociology and psychology and their general scientific significance." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171747p.390-395.

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The nature of sociology and psychology is clarified accounting for the achievements of modern philosophy of science. The general scientific significance of these sciences is determined in accordance with said clarification. Any scientific theory functions, in particular, in the form of group and individual theories. In this connection, the general scientific significance of sociology and psychology becomes evident. The status of sociology is primarily determined by the study of group theories that have general scientific significance. The status of psychology is determined by individual theories. Its priority in this area is also indisputable. Therefore, same as sociology, psychology presents a science of auxiliary nature. Auxiliary sciences are necessary for the development of the content of the independent sciences. Unfortunately, the mainstream tendency is that both sociology and psychology are considered independent branches of science. In this regard, the status of sociology is determined by a certain class of social phenomena, and the status of psychology is determined by mental processes.

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Guerin, Bernard. "Individuals as Social Relationships: 18 Ways that Acting Alone can be thought of as Social Behavior." Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (December 2001): 406–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.406.

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This article argues to replace individualistic explanations of behavior with descriptions of social and historical context. Eighteen ways are outlined that playing a guitar alone in a room can be thought of as socially controlled rather than dispositionally controlled. Despite having a skin containing a body, a “person” for the social sciences is a conglomerate of social relationships or interactions that spans space and time. Thinking of people and causes as within a body shapes individualistic biases in our explanations and interventions. Rather than propose a new philosophy, this article reviews 18 concrete ways to begin thinking about people as social interactions and not agentic individuals. This changes the interventions we propose, alters how we view cultural practices, prevents some perennial problems of psychology, and leads the way to integrate psychology in the social sciences. Moving from dispositional explanations to study the historical and social context of social relationships also requires that psychology seriously adapt some of the more intensive research methods from other social sciences.

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Langgulung, Hasan. "Toward An Ummatic Paradigm for Psychology." American Journal of Islam and Society 4, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v4i1.2870.

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Toward an Ummatic Paradigm for PsychologyBefore writing a textbook in a specific scientific discipline one has to remindone that a textbook is but a compilation of data based on research conductedby a group of researchers dealing with different topics in a specificdiscipline. Research is therefore the most important part of the series of activitiesthat should be done in the field of psychology before the textbookwriters in psychology are able to do their work. Before the researchers canfunction properly, however, they have to bear in mind the diversity ofresearch methodologies under which their approaches will be categorized.The most dominant of these are the realist and the idealist approaches. Thefollowing is an attempt to highlight these approaches and to suggest some approachesby which we hope Muslim researchers will be able to create the ummaticparadigm.Much of the uncertainty surrounding the social sciences can be traced tothe question of the purpose of science. J. K. Smith suggests that confusionover the appropriate goals and methodologies for social science can be linkedto an epistemological conflict which is currently dividing social scientists. ISmith characterizes this epistemological dispute as a conflict between therealist and idealist positions. He describes the followers of realistepistemology as believing that the purpose of science is to discover universaltruth. Scientists who have adopted the realist position believe that “knowledgeand truth are questions of correspondence - what is true is what correspondsto reality,” (p. 8) The ultimate goal of the realists in the social sciences is todiscover universally true laws that can be communicated through a neutral,culture-free language and that can be applied in any situation to predict,understand, and govern behavior. The realists believe that it is “possible tohave a definitive, objective science for all society that would eventually producethe system of laws [and that these] laws are, by definition, universallyapplicable, regardless of time and place.” (pp. 8, 11) ...

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Elman, Cheryl. "The Social Sciences and Aging." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 42, no. 10 (October 1997): 929–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000115.

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Robins, Garry, and Yoshi Kashima. "Social psychology and social networks: Individuals and social systems." Asian Journal Of Social Psychology 11, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839x.2007.00240.x.

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Fabrega, Jr., Horacio. "Applications to the social and clinical sciences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05320048.

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Fully interpreted, Lewis's dynamic systems modeling of emotion encompasses psychological-adaptation thinking and individual and group differences in normal and abnormal behavior. It weakens the categorical perspective in evolutionary psychology and the clinical sciences; and suggests continuity between “normal” or “abnormal” behavior in whatever way this is self and culturally constituted, although culture/linguistic factors and selfhood are neglected. Application of a dynamic systems model could improve formulation of clinical problems.

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Joffe, Hélène. "Social Representations and Health Psychology." Social Science Information 41, no. 4 (December 2002): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018402041004004.

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The author examines the specific contribution that social representations research has made to health psychology. In particular, the approach highlights the symbolic, emotive and social aspects of how lay people make meaning of facets of health and illness, and emphasizes the importance of the evolution of these meanings. Empirical work on health and illness is used to cast light on the specific workings of social representations and on the enrichment of the health field offered by this naturalistic perspective. Distinctions are drawn between the social representations approach and other social constructionist approaches in the health field. In addition, the differentiation between social representations and more mainstream approaches to health issues is examined. Primarily, the social representations approach eschews the notion of human thought as analogous to information processing, with the attendant individualist, cognitivist and rationalist assumptions, and recognizes the importance of non-verbal material in the study of the human psyche.

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Kissiya, Efilina. "Historical Relationships with Social Physicology." Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbkt.v2i2.377.

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Historical, in addition to having auxiliary science in his knowledge, history also establish relationships with other sciences, especially fellow social sciences. In this connection what happens is a relationship of mutual need, herein lies the difference with the concept of science Auxiliary history, where a more dominant history in need of help to uncover a problem, more precisely we can call it with a combination of two social sciences. The development of post-World War II History shows a strong tendency to use the social sciences approach in historical studies. One of the basic ideas is that: the descriptive-narrative history is no longer satisfactory to explain complex problems or symptoms in the event of History. Psychology is very related to mental and psychological human. Humans who become the object of historical study is not just explained about the actions taken and what is caused by the action? why someone does that action? These questions pertain to the psychological condition in question. Conditions that can be caused by stimuli from the outside or the environment, can also from within himself. The use of social phsychology in history, gave birth to the focus of the study of the history of mentality.

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Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Influencing Policy with Social Psychology." Journal of Social Issues 44, no. 2 (July 1988): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02071.x.

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Wasserman, Stanley, and A. D. Lovie. "New Developments in Statistics for Psychology and the Social Sciences." Journal of the American Statistical Association 83, no. 403 (September 1988): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2289350.

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Lynn, Peter, and A. D. Lovie. "New Developments in Statistics for Psychology and the Social Sciences." Statistician 38, no. 2 (1989): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2348334.

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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "Social Sciences and Common Perceptions of Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 60, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0027.

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Abstract This paper provides a discussion on various aspects and features of the concept of the social sciences of sport. The concept originated recently and was formulated in 2007 during the preparations for the establishment of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport. The Society, however, was not formed until the beginning of 2009. Among other things, the concept includes such academic disciplines and fields as sport sociology, sport philosophy, sport psychology, sport pedagogy, the history of physical fitness, sport and Olympism, sport politics and the international conditions of sport, sport economics, sport organizations and management, the social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, the social relations regarding training and sport tactics, as well as the humanistic theory of martial arts. The author presents a growth in interest of different social aspects and issues of sport at the beginning of the twentieth century. He indicates the significant development of sport during the second half of the last century, especially towards its end and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The social sciences of sport was also underlined as the reason for the creation of a new, dynamically developing cognitive paradigm. According to the Author, it is mainly connected with the institutional and functional, organizational and methodological conditions of the social science of sport which specifically complemented the educational and research standards for the academic community around the globe. The Author emphasizes the social sciences of sport’s distinctive and autonomous part in sport science due to its specific and detailed merit-related issues and methodological foundations. He also stresses that not only does natural science (particularly biological science) play an important role in sport science, but also that the social science of sport has a vital and fundamental value in it. In his opinion, natural (biological) science in relation to sport refers mainly to one person’s organism, whereas social science refers, for the most part, to the axiological, cultural, symbolical, esthetic, ethical perception of physical exertion. Moreover, research conducted in this field encompasses the professional, pragmatic, utilitarian, cathartic, escapist, ludic, hedonistic, epistemological and recreational aspects of differently perceived professional sports or sport for all. The Author points out that the amount of available courses - lectures, classes, seminars - in the field of social sciences themselves, as well as in the social science of sport, is being gradually reduced, which undoubtedly lowers not only the knowledge, but also the perception, interpretation, explanation and comprehension of sport in the context of the humanistic approach. Furthermore, he indicates this trend’s influential role in the development of common-sense thinking, which makes opinion-forming and valuable comments on the subject of sport undergo cognitive deformations. He points out its negative influence on the listeners, audience and fans’ consciousness, opinion and attitude, as well as on the interpretative context of the observed events - not only ones associated with sport, but also those happening beyond it, for instance in social, family, peer, professional, political and religious life.

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Maravelakis, Petros. "The use of statistics in social sciences." Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0038.

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Purpose The purpose this paper is to review some of the statistical methods used in the field of social sciences. Design/methodology/approach A review of some of the statistical methodologies used in areas like survey methodology, official statistics, sociology, psychology, political science, criminology, public policy, marketing research, demography, education and economics. Findings Several areas are presented such as parametric modeling, nonparametric modeling and multivariate methods. Focus is also given to time series modeling, analysis of categorical data and sampling issues and other useful techniques for the analysis of data in the social sciences. Indicative references are given for all the above methods along with some insights for the application of these techniques. Originality/value This paper reviews some statistical methods that are used in social sciences and the authors draw the attention of researchers on less popular methods. The purpose is not to give technical details and also not to refer to all the existing techniques or to all the possible areas of statistics. The focus is mainly on the applied aspect of the techniques and the authors give insights about techniques that can be used to answer problems in the abovementioned areas of research.

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Kaidesoja, Tuukka, Matti Sarkia, and Mikko Hyyryläinen. "Arguments for the cognitive social sciences." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 49, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 480–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12226.

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Reiter, Bernd. "Fuzzy epistemology: Decolonizing the social sciences." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 50, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12229.

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