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Journal articles on the topic 'Social security - China - Tianjin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Yi, Xiangyu, Jinchao Li, Yunna Wu, and Wenjun Chen. "Power energy system sustainability performance evaluation and improving path of two regional economic circle in China." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912203004.

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The power energy system is the foundation of the sustainable development of the human society and has an important impact on the economic, environmental and security of human society development. This paper first establishes the input and output evaluation index system of sustainable development capability of power energy system from the economic, social, environmental and security dimensions, and then uses the CCR-DEA model considering the undesired output and Malmquist index to dynamically measure the sustainable development efficiency of the power system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta from 2005 to 2016 and decompose the corresponding items. The future development situation was analyzed through scenario analysis. The results show that: (1) Beijing and Shanghai is better than that in other provinces and cities in the same region, showing an upward trend; (2) The changes in the efficiency of sustainable development of power energy systems in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces are mainly caused by technical efficiency changes. That in Tianjin, Hebei and Jiangsu are from two aspects: technical efficiency and scale efficiency; (3) The sustainable development capacity of the power system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle is higher than that of the Yangtze river delta power system, and this gap has the tendency of further widening according to the strategic development plan of the two regional power energy systems; (4) In the future, China's regional electric energy system development plans should draw on the energy development strategic plan of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, especially the Xiong'an National New District, so as to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of power energy systems in various regions.

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2

Huang, Ze, Jiahong Liu, Chao Mei, Hao Wang, and Weiwei Shao. "Water security evaluation based on comprehensive index in Jing-Jin-Ji district, China." Water Supply 20, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): 2698–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.164.

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Abstract China has long faced the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in time and space. The state of water security is therefore a key factor in regional development. The Jing-Jin-Ji district in China, which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, faced severe water security problems. Therefore, to improve the management of water resources, water security should be properly evaluated. This study established a comprehensive evaluation index system for evaluation. Furthermore, it analyzed the impacts of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), which fully reflects the impact of human activities on the spatial distribution of water resources and is an innovation. The results showed that the state of water security in the Jing-Jin-Ji district generally had an increasing trend, and the score of the overall evaluation was increased by 65.8%. The Middle Route of the SNWTP had played a major role in water security in resources criterion, which increased by 28.53% in 2015 and 13.64% in 2016. With social development, the general state of water security in the district was improving. These findings could provide a scientific basis for regional water resources management.

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Niu, Yingnan, Gaodi Xie, Yu Xiao, Jingya Liu, Yangyang Wang, Qi Luo, Huixia Zou, Shuang Gan, Keyu Qin, and Mengdong Huang. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Determinants of Grain Self-Sufficiency in China." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040747.

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The pattern of grain self-sufficiency plays a fundamental role in maintaining food security. We analyzed the patterns and determinants of grain production and demand, as well as grain self-sufficiency, in China over a 30-year period. The results show that China’s total grain production, with an obvious northeast–southwest direction, increased by 63%, and yields of rice, wheat, corn, tubers, and beans increased by 16, 49, 224, 6, and 103%, respectively. The trends in ration and feed grain consumption changes at the provincial scale were roughly the same as at the national scale, with the ration consumption ratio decreasing and the ratio of feed grain consumption increasing. The ration consumption in Northwest China was relatively high, while the feed grain consumption rates in Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing were higher. Compared with ration and feed grain, the proportions of seed grain and grain loss were relatively small. China’s grain consumption mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Total grain, rice, corn, wheat, tubers, and beans consumption in feed grain showed a northeast–southwest trend, with consumption centers all shifting southward in the 30-year period. Corn accounted for the largest proportion in feed grain, followed by beans. Urban feed grain and urban ration hot spot areas have gradually transferred from the northwest to southeast coastal areas. The hot spots of rural feed grain consumption and rural ration consumption remained almost unchanged, located in the south of the Yangtze River and Central and Southern China, respectively. The grain self-sufficiency level developed well in the study period, while the areas with grain deficit were Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan. The areas with high supply and high demand were mainly located in Central and East China, the areas with high supply and low demand were mainly distributed in Northeast China, and the areas with low supply and low demand were mainly located in Western China. The pattern of self-sufficiency of corn in feed grain has remained basically unchanged; the areas with corn feed grain deficit were Central and Southeast China, while North China had corn feed grain surplus. Compared with corn feed, the surplus of soybean feed was relatively poor. Factor detector analysis revealed that in different periods, the same impact factor had different explanatory power in the supply and demand pattern, and the comprehensive consideration of any two factors will enhance the explanatory power of grain supply and demand pattern.

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4

Yuanyuan, GAO, LI Jia, HAO Qichen, YU Chu, and MENG Suhua. "Analysis on the Effect of Groundwater Overexploitation Control in Water receiving region of the First Phase of the South-North Water Transfer Project." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601069.

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The South-North Water Transfer Project is playing a more and more important role in ensuring economic and social development and maintaining a good ecological environment for north of China. However, long-term over-exploitation of groundwater has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. The first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was successfully passed through in 2013 and 2014. The water supplied by this huge project provided critical water source for implementing groundwater overexploitation control. In order to promote the management and protection of groundwater resources, the overdraft areas had adopted comprehensive measures to reduce groundwater extraction, such as accelerating the construction of supporting projects, shutting down groundwater mining wells, improving the groundwater monitoring station network, and reforming the water resources fees and so on. The urban groundwater overexploitation control work has received good progress. Based on the investigation and statistics of groundwater overexploitation control in the water receiving region of the first phase of the South-North Water Transfer Project, it was found that since the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project passing though, the water groundwater withdrawal decreased by 15.23×108 m3 by making full use of the water from the South-North Water Transfer Project, including 2.36×108 m3 in Beijing, 0.67×108 m3 in Tianjin, 6.39×108 m3 in Hebei, 3.84×108 m3 in Henan, 1.62×108 m3 in Shandong, and 0.35×108 m3 in Jiangsu, respectively. The number of groundwater withdrawal wells closed was 15202, including 331 wells in Beijing, 582 in Tianjin, 4895 in Hebei, 6213 in Henan, 2012 in Shandong, and 1169 eyes in Jiangsu, respectively. In terms of groundwater level, the trend of continuous decline in groundwater level has been effectively curbed in most areas of the water receiving region, however, in some areas the groundwater level is still declining due to the too large cumulative over-exploitation of groundwater. Shijiazhuang City was selected as typical monitoring site to explain the groundwater overexploitation control effect on groundwater level. The analysis of the monitoring data of typical monitoring sites showed that groundwater overexploitation control has a great influence on the groundwater level change in Shijiazhuang urban area. This study also puts forward some problems and suggestions in promoting the groundwater overexploitation control in the water receiving region, and provides reference for the construction of ecological civilization and national water security.

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5

Liu, Ziwei, and Huhua Cao. "Spatio-temporal urban social landscape transformation in pre-new-urbanization era of Tianjin, China." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 398–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516637606.

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China’s economic reforms of 1978, which led to the country’s transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, ushered in a phase of accelerated urbanization. Influenced by the economic transition and taking advantage of its privileged geographic and historic position, Tianjin has seen dramatic changes in its social landscape during the last three decades. Given this context, this study aims at understanding the different urban socio-spatial patterns of Tianjin and their mechanisms in three distinctive economic contexts by adapting both statistical and spatial approaches. Due to increasing population mobility caused by the economic reforms, the urban social landscape of Tianjin has become increasingly multifaceted, characterized by a “one axis, two nuclei” urban morphology. The rise of the Binhai New Area (TBNA) in the southeast is creating a dual-core urban social structure in Tianjin, with its traditional Urban Core located in the center of the city. In terms of the Urban Core’s expansion and population movements southeast toward the TBNA, an asymmetric suburbanization process is evident in Tianjin. Meanwhile, an additional population shift toward Beijing in the northwest is significant during 2000–2010, illustrating the changing relationship between these two neighboring municipalities. By integrating itself with Beijing, Tianjin has not only recovered from under Beijing’s shadow during the centrally planned economy period, but is also benefitting from Beijing in order to flourish.

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6

Tang, Kwong-leung, and Raymond Ngan. "China: developmentalism and social security." International Journal of Social Welfare 10, no. 4 (October 2001): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2397.00181.

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7

Feldstein, Martin. "Social security pension reform in China." China Economic Review 10, no. 2 (September 1999): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-951x(99)00007-3.

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8

DONG, Keyong, and Xiangfeng YE. "Social security system reform in China." China Economic Review 14, no. 4 (January 2003): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2003.09.012.

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9

Chu, Xi, Xiangzheng Deng, Gui Jin, Zhan Wang, and Zhaohua Li. "Ecological security assessment based on ecological footprint approach in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 101 (October 2017): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2017.05.001.

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10

Huang, Jianyi, Fei Su, and Pingyu Zhang. "Measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China." Chinese Geographical Science 25, no. 4 (July 8, 2015): 472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-015-0769-7.

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11

Lixin, Yi, Cheng Ke, Cao Xiaoying, Sun Yueling, Cheng Xiaoqing, and He Ye. "Analysis of social vulnerability of residential community to hazards in Tianjin, China." Natural Hazards 87, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 1223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2781-y.

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12

Kim, Byung Cheol. "Population Aging and Social Security in China." Korean Journal of Research in Gerontology 28, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25280/kjrg.28.2.6.

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13

Wei, Li, and Cui Yan. "Social Quality of China." International Journal of Social Quality 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2018.080205.

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China has entered a new phase of development. Living standards have significantly improved as the economy grows. Socioeconomic security, social cohesion, social inclusion, and social empowerment have all strengthened, but the social quality level is not quite satisfactory. First, many think the low “social security” cannot provide sufficient protection. Second, low social trust and lack of social belief and value system greatly affect social cohesion. Third, to cope with social discrimination and realize better tolerance, social inclusion must be addressed. People have the strongest sense of unfairness for wealth and income gaps as well as right and entitlement differences between urban and rural areas. In addition, low political efficacy and low levels of social and political participation indicate weak social empowerment in China.

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14

Brown, Jeremy. "Reluctant and Illegal Migrants in Mao's China: Civil Defense Evacuation in the Tianjin Region, 1969–1980." Journal of Chinese History 5, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2020.49.

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AbstractMore than 100,000 people from the city of Tianjin were evacuated to the countryside in a civil defense program during the 1970s. Many evacuees refused to submit to state migration mandates, instead sneaking back to the city illegally or petitioning to regain urban residency. City officials responded flexibly to the evacuees’ pleas, sympathizing with family reunification and treating suburban districts (jiaoqu) on the outskirts of Tianjin as a buffer zone between city and countryside. Dominated by agriculture but home to a growing number of factories, workshops, and offices during the 1970s, jiaoqu became a solution to evacuation headaches. When compared with the recent coerced movement of hundreds of thousands of Chinese citizens on national security grounds, the civil defense evacuations of the 1970s suggest that it may be misguided to think of the Mao Zedong years as a faraway time that was more radical or repressive than China today.

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15

NUZZO, LUIGI. "The Birth of an Imperial Location: Comparative Perspectives on Western Colonialism in China." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 3 (June 13, 2018): 569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000274.

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AbstractThe thematic horizon within which this article takes place is the colonial expansion of the Western powers in China between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Focusing on the foundation of the British, French and American concessions in Tianjin, it aims to reconstruct the Western strategies of colonial governance and the role played by law in the process of production of a new social space. Opened as a treaty port in 1860, Tianjin is the only Chinese city where up to nine foreign concessions coexisted, becoming a complex, hybrid space (in)between East and West, defined by social practices, symbolic representations, and legal categories, which does not coincide simply with the area defined by the entity as a state, nation, or city.

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16

Xiang, Nan, Feng Xu, Jing Hua Sha, Helmut Yabar, and Yoshiro Higano. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Effectively Utilizing Reclaimed Water to Accomplish Sustainable Development in Tianjin, China." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3040.

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Water shortage and water pollution problems are becoming more and more serious nowadays; it gives rise to the use of reclaimed wastewater as an additional source of water supply and an efficient method of reducing and preventing water pollution. Tianjin is a rapidly growing city in both population and economy while water scarcity is intensifying and water pollution is deteriorating; also reclaimed water reuse in this city has just started. This study aims to find out the potential to realize sustainable development utilizing reclaimed water, and prove the feasibility of local government plan of Tianjin. This study mainly utilizes computer simulation to accomplish the comprehensive evaluation with LINGO programming. The simulation model will forecast the social and economic developing trend of Tianjin with the introduction of developed technology. According to scenarios, this research can give policy-making basis on implementing reclaimed water utilization to realize environment and economic development in Tianjin from 2010 to 2020. Furthermore, it can provide the specific developing plan to establish the sustainable development target, such as construction plan of new sewage plants, financial support, and reclaimed water distribution. Simulation results show that reclaimed water can be effective in saving water resource, reducing water pollutant and improving economic development in the catchment area.

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17

Wang, Jian Hui. "Analytical Modeling and its Validation for Data Acquisition of ADS-B System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1303.

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Based on the accuracy and integrity quality evaluation indexes of ADS-B navigation data, this paper foucses on the analytical modeling of ADS-B navigation data source under the global positioning system (GPS) and Compass system. The factors related to accuracy and integrity of ADS-B are derived and simulated, which include the position estimated uncertainty (EPU) and horizontal position integrity containing radius (RC). It is the first to give the quality index levels of the ADS-B horizontal data source in Tianjin under GPS and Compass. The simulation results show that ADS-B navigation data availability under Compass not only meet the lowest requirements recommended by the civil aviation administration of China (CAAC), but also is better than under Compass. The results derived from this paper provide the theoretic support for the implementation of ADS-B in Tianjin Binhai international airport and other areas of China. At the same time, Compass being navigation source increases reliability and security for ADS-B implementation of our country.

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18

？宏俊 and ？？. "Social Security System of Sports Players in China." Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law 10, no. 4 (November 2007): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19051/kasel.2007.10.4.255.

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19

Leung, Joe C. B. "Social security reforms in China: issues and prospects." International Journal of Social Welfare 12, no. 2 (April 2003): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2397.t01-1-00246.

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20

Wang, Xiaobing, Nick Weaver, and Jing You. "THE SOCIAL SECURITY FUNCTION OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA." Journal of International Development 25, no. 1 (March 13, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.2827.

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21

Ye, Lin. "Demographic Transition, Developmentalism and Social Security in China." Social Policy & Administration 45, no. 6 (October 12, 2011): 678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2011.00802.x.

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22

Coeurdacier, Nicolas, Stéphane Guibaud, and Keyu Jin. "Fertility Policies and Social Security Reforms in China." IMF Economic Review 62, no. 3 (August 2014): 371–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/imfer.2014.19.

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23

CHRISTIANSEN, FLEMMING. "Food Security, Urbanization and Social Stability in China." Journal of Agrarian Change 9, no. 4 (October 2009): 548–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00231.x.

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24

Meng, Ming, Tingting Pang, and Liguo Fan. "Measuring and Fitting the Relationship between Socioeconomic Development and Environmental Pollution: A Case of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1570364.

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The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is a top urban agglomeration of China but has the problem of severe environmental pollution. Most of the current researches on the sustainable development of this region only concentrate on the environmental pollution itself and ignore its relationship to the socioeconomic development. In this research, an entropy-based coupling model, a polynomial equation with partial least squares algorithm, and socioeconomic and environmental data in 2006–2015 were used to measure and fit the above relationship. Empirical analysis led to the following conclusions. (1) Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei presented similar socioeconomic development modes but different environmental pollution modes. (2) The social economy of the BTH region has been developing at the expense of environmental pollution, but the environmental cost has been decreasing year by year. (3) At present, the BTH region has huge potential to improve its environment. (4) Increasing the investment in the treatment of industrial pollution in Tianjin and mitigating the soot (dust) emissions in Tianjin and Hebei are the major environmental policy directions. (5) Controlling the development of smelting and pressing of ferrous metals and other building material sectors in Hebei is the major economic policy direction.

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25

Shang, Xiaoyuan, and Xiaoming Wu. "Changing Approaches of Social Protection: Social Assistance Reform in Urban China." Social Policy and Society 3, no. 3 (June 22, 2004): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746404001770.

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The article will examine the latest development of China's urban social assistance reform. Under the impact of the dual processes of globalisation and the deepening market transition, China's social security reform is increasingly taking a new safety net approach to assist the urban poor, instead of relying mainly on social insurance provision. The minimum living security project for urban residents is one of the approaches supplementing social insurance in social protection. In 2002, about one-third of social security beneficiaries were supported by the newly developed social assistance project. The changing approach does not mean that the government is withdrawing from its responsibility for social insurance to the urban workers, but reflects the changing goals and means of social policies. This indicates that China's social welfare system is shifting towards a new residual welfare model.

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26

Nan, Ri. "Research on Social Security for Migrant Workers in China." Asian Social Science 12, no. 12 (October 28, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n12p120.

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The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis brought disaster to south-eastern Asian countries. It also shocked China’s social security system. In order to build a consummate social security system, China has undergone continual reform and has achieved sound results. This article analyzes the social security for migrant workers in China, points out that there are concept reasons for the lack of labor rights and social security for the current migrant workers.

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27

SHAN, Wei. "Social Instability and State Responses in China." East Asian Policy 07, no. 01 (January 2015): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930515000057.

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The year of 2014 in China saw rising terrorist attacks by Uighur minority in Xinjiang, as well as a number of massive protests caused by environmentally risky projects. Hardline policy on public opinion and liberal intellectuals had been continued. The year also witnessed a series of reforms in the party-state's security and legal apparatus, including the creation of the National Security Commission, judicial reform, and redefining the power of the Politics and Law Commission.

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28

Ji, Yi Jun, Ya Fei Zhao, Xiao Lin Xie, and Ying He. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption in Municipalities of China." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1484.

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Cities are major consumers of global energy. This paper conducts a comparative analysis on economic and social situation, the scale, intensity, and structure of energy consumption in four municipalities, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing, definitudes the comparative advantages and unfavorable factors of each municipality in terms of energy conservation and energy structural adjustment optimization, and then suggests several countermeasures for each municipality to promote their sustainable utilization of energy, which may provide reference for other cities.

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29

LI, Shi. "Issues and Options for Social Security Reform in China." China: An International Journal 09, no. 01 (March 2011): 72–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219747211000057.

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30

Won,Seok-Jo. "‘The Harmony Society’ and Social Security Reforms in China." Social Welfare Policy 36, no. 2 (June 2009): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15855/swp.2009.36.2.419.

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31

Chen, Xing. "Optics Valley of China and Its Social Security Issue." Compensation & Benefits Review 44, no. 3 (May 2012): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368712455604.

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Rapid development by innovative enterprises is the goal of Optics Valley of China. Currently 1,951 hi-tech companies have started operations in the valley. The anchor industries include optoelectronic information, bioengineering and medicine, environmental protection and energy saving, high-end equipment manufacturing and hi-tech services. Since 2000, the average annual economic growth rate of Optics Valley has been nearly 30%. Optics Valley continues to upgrade the development of an open economy and to attract international well-known companies with the advantage of location, policy, industry and environment. A strategic agreement between Optics Valley of China and Silicon Valley of the United States was signed in February 2012. Economic development and people’s livelihood are always the priorities in China. Toward that end, Optics Valley has adopted a framework of requirements specifying the social security responsibility of the foreign-funded enterprises in the valley as a step to accelerate the formation of a social security system. This article analyses the status of industry development, the region’s investment environment and the regulations governing social security in Optics Valley. The intent is to help foreign entrepreneurs interested in establishing an operation in Optics Valley.

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32

Messner, Steven F., Lening Zhang, Sheldon X. Zhang, and Colin P. Gruner. "Neighborhood Crime Control in a Changing China." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 54, no. 4 (June 1, 2017): 544–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427816682059.

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Objectives: This research assesses the impacts of three distinctive crime control activities organized and directed by the neighborhood committees with the assistance of local police in contemporary urban China—Tiao-jie, Bang-jiao, and neighborhood watches. Tiao-jie deals with disputes and minor criminal cases. Bang-jiao provides guidance to residents who have committed minor offenses or have been released from correctional institutions to facilitate reintegration. Neighborhood watches engage local residents in crime prevention under the direction of neighborhood committees. Method: Using survey data recently collected in Tianjin, we examine the effects of indicators of the implementation of these neighborhood-based crime control strategies on residents’ reports of household property victimizations that occurred within the neighborhoods with multilevel logistic regressions. Results: Net of a range of individual-level and neighborhood-level control variables, the indicators of the level of activity of Tiao-jie, Bang-jiao, and neighborhood watches exhibit negative effects on reported household property victimization. Conclusions: Our findings provide suggestive evidence that the traditional strategies of neighborhood-level crime control continue to be relevant in the China of today and that the role of collective efficacy appears to differ from that observed in Western cities.

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33

Zeng, Peng, Zongyao Sun, Yuqi Chen, Zhi Qiao, and Liangwa Cai. "COVID-19: A Comparative Study of Population Aggregation Patterns in the Central Urban Area of Tianjin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042135.

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When a public health emergency occurs, a potential sanitation threat will directly change local residents’ behavior patterns, especially in high-density urban areas. Their behavior pattern is typically transformed from demand-oriented to security-oriented. This is directly manifested as a differentiation in the population distribution. This study based on a typical area of high-density urban area in central Tianjin, China. We used Baidu heat map (BHM) data to calculate full-day and daytime/nighttime state population aggregation and employed a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and Moran’s I to analyze pre-epidemic/epidemic population aggregation patterns and pre-epidemic/epidemic population flow features. We found that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the population distribution of the study area tended to be homogenous clearly and the density decreased obviously. Compared with the pre-epidemic period: residents’ demand for indoor activities increased (average correlation coefficient of the floor area ratio increased by 40.060%); traffic demand decreased (average correlation coefficient of the distance to a main road decreased by 272%); the intensity of the day-and-night population flow declined significantly (its extreme difference decreased by 53.608%); and the large-living-circle pattern of population distribution transformed to multiple small-living circles. This study identified different space utilization mechanisms during the pre-epidemic and epidemic periods. It conducted the minimum living security state of an epidemic-affected city to maintain the operation of a healthy city in the future.

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Xiao, Hong, Hui Zhang, Dezheng Wang, Chengfeng Shen, Zhongliang Xu, Ying Zhang, Guohong Jiang, Gonghuan Yang, Xia Wan, and Mohsen Naghavi. "Impact of smoke-free legislation on acute myocardial infarction and stroke mortality: Tianjin, China, 2007–2015." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054477.

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BackgroundSmoke-free legislation is an effective way to protect the population from the harms of secondhand smoke and has been implemented in many countries. On 31 May 2012, Tianjin became one of the few cities in China to implement smoke-free legislation. We investigated the impact of smoke-free legislation on mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in Tianjin.MethodsAn interrupted time series design adjusting for underlying secular trends, seasonal patterns, population size changes and meteorological factors was conducted to analyse the impact of the smoke-free law on the weekly mortality due to AMI and stroke. The study period was from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2015, with a 3.5-year postlegislation follow-up.ResultsFollowing the implementation of the smoke-free law, there was a decline in the annual trends of AMI and stroke mortality. An incremental 16% (rate ratio (RR): 0.84; 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.85) decrease per year in AMI mortality and a 2% (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97 to 0.99) annual decrease in stroke mortality among the population aged ≥35 years in Tianjin was observed. Immediate postlegislation reductions in mortality were not statistically significant. An estimated 10 000 (22%) AMI deaths were prevented within 3.5 years of the implementation of the law.ConclusionThe smoke-free law in Tianjin was associated with reductions in AMI mortality. This study reinforces the need for large-scale, effective and comprehensive smoke-free laws at the national level in China.

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Yoo, Eunha. "A Research on Regional Differences in Social Security Fiscal Expenditure and Urban-centered Social Security in China." International Area Studies Review 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21212/iasr.25.2.7.

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Li, Meng, Li, Ge, and Zhao. "Inter-Metropolitan Land-Price Characteristics and Patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration in China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174726.

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The continuous expansion of urban areas in China has increased cohesion and synergy among cities. As a result, the land price in an urban area is not only affected by the city’s own factors, but also by its interaction with nearby cities. Understanding the characteristics, types, and patterns of urban interaction is of critical importance in regulating the land market and promoting coordinated regional development. In this study, we integrated a gravity model with an improved Voronoi diagram model to investigate the gravitational characteristics, types of action, gravitational patterns, and problems of land market development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration region based on social, economic, transportation, and comprehensive land-price data from 2017. The results showed that the gravitational value of land prices for Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang, and Tangshan cities (11.24–63.35) is significantly higher than that for other cities (0–6.09). The gravitational structures are closely connected for cities around Beijing and Tianjin, but loosely connected for peripheral cities. Further, various types of radiation, conduction, and convection actions exist in relation to urban land prices. In terms of gravitational patterns, the range of influence of land prices is not limited to the administrative boundaries of each city. Five clusters of urban land prices can be identified based on the gravitational structure. The land-price gravity value of the city cluster around Beijing accounted for 66.4% of the total. The polarizing effect of land-price levels and influence is clearly evident in Beijing and Tianjin, while a lock-in effect is evident in Xingtai and Handan in the south of the region.

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An, Pengfei, Can Li, Yajing Duan, Jingfeng Ge, and Xiaomiao Feng. "Inter-metropolitan land price characteristics and pattern in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256710.

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Land prices are the key problem of urban land management, with prices of residential land being the most sensitive and the strongest social reflection among the different land types. Exploring spatial and temporal variation of residential land prices and the effect of land market factors on residential land prices can help the government formulate targeted regulations and policies. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution of residential land prices and the factors influencing the land market in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on land transaction data from 2014–2017 using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show the following: ① Residential land prices in Beijing and Tianjin are significantly higher than those in other regions, while Zhangjiakou, Chengde, and western mountainous areas have the lowest residential land prices. Over time, a development trend of residential land price polycentricity gradually emerged, and the locational correlation has gradually increased. ② Under the influence of the land finance model of local governments in China, three factors, namely, the land stock utilization rate, revenue from residential land transfers, and the growth of residential land transaction areas, have significantly contributed to the increase in residential land prices. ③ Under the land market supply and demand mechanism and government management, four indicators, namely, the land supply rate, the per capita residential land supply area, the degree of marketization of the residential land supply, and the frequency of residential land transactions, have suppressed the rise in residential land prices. ④ The overall effect of land market factors on residential land prices in the central and northern regions of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is stronger than that in the southern regions, which may be related to the more active land market and stricter macromanagement policies in Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas.

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Lixin, Yi, Wang Jie, Shao Chuanqing, Jia-Wei Guo, Jiang Yanxiang, and Bo Liu. "Land Subsidence Disaster Survey and Its Economic Loss Assessment in Tianjin, China." Natural Hazards Review 11, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2010)11:1(35).

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39

Yip, Ka-che. "Trust in Troubled Times: Money, Banks, and State-Society Relations in Republican Tianjin. By BRETT SHEEHAN. [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003. 269 pp. £30.00. ISBN 0-674-01080-9.]." China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005320108.

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Trust in Troubled Times is an important addition to the still relatively small body of literature on banking and finance in Republican China. In this careful and thoughtful study of the development of banking and paper money in Tianjin from late Qing to the eve of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Brett Sheehan analyses the rise of modern banks and the growth of social trust in such financial institutions, and examines their relations to the process of state-building. The work is solidly based on a wealth of primary sources including newspapers published in Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai, archival materials in China, Taiwan and the United States, as well as interviews with individuals who had worked in Tianjin banks in the 1920s and 1930s. Indeed, one of the main contributions of this book is the tremendous amount of data amassed by the author that illuminates the complexity of the problems associated with banking and finance in the pre-1949 period.Drawing on Western theories on banking and social trust, Sheehan begins his study with a discussion of a theoretical framework which provides not only a foundation for the analysis of developments in Tianjin, but also the basis for comparative studies of institution and state-building in different political, social and economic milieus. He then examines a series of financial crises, from the moratorium on exchange in 1916, the bank runs under the warlord governments, the financial instability created by the Japanese attack on Shanghai in 1932, and the monetary reforms of the Nationalist government in 1935. The responses of government officials, bankers and the local elites to the crises, the strategies they used to establish and promote impersonal trust in Tianjin banks, and the impact of these crises on the elites, the banking profession and state-society relations constitute the main body of the study. The story is both encouraging and disheartening: encouraging because by 1937, trust in Chinese-owned and operated banks was indeed established; disheartening because the banks failed to gain the autonomy that could have shielded them from the abuses of the government.

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Wang, Laihua, and Joseph W. Schneider. "Home care for the chronically ill elderly in China: The family sickbed in Tianjin." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 8, no. 4 (October 1993): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00972562.

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41

Yang, Xuchao, Lin Lin, Yizhe Zhang, Tingting Ye, Qian Chen, Cheng Jin, and Guanqiong Ye. "Spatially Explicit Assessment of Social Vulnerability in Coastal China." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 5075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185075.

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Social vulnerability assessment has been recognized as a reliable and effective measure for informing coastal hazard management. Although significant advances have been made in the study of social vulnerability for over two decades, China’s social vulnerability profiles are mainly based on administrative unit. Consequently, no detailed distribution is provided, and the capability to diagnose human risks is hindered. In this study, we established a social vulnerability index (SoVI) in 2000 and 2010 at a spatial resolution of 250 m for China’s coastal zone by combining the potential exposure index (PEI) and social resilience index (SRI). The PEI with a 250 m resolution was obtained by fitting the census data and multisource remote sensing data in random forest model. The county-level SRI was evaluated through principal component analysis based on 33 socioeconomic variables. For identifying the spatiotemporal change, we used global and local Moran’s I to map clusters of SoVI and its percent change in the decade. The results suggest the following: (1) Counties in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and eastern Guangzhou, except several small hot spots, exhibited the most vulnerability, especially in urban areas, whereas those in Hainan and southern Liaoning presented the least vulnerability. (2) Notable increases were emphasized in Tianjin, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. The spatiotemporal variation and heterogeneity in social vulnerability obtained through this analysis will provide a scientific basis to decision-makers to focus risk mitigation effort.

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Oh, Jeong-Soo. "A Preliminary Study on the China-characteristic Social Security Reform." Journal of Social Science 29, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.16881/jss.2018.04.29.2.101.

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Ma, Xinxin, and Dongyang Zhang. "The Incidence of Social Security Payroll Taxes: Evidence From China." International Journal of Financial Research 9, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n4p1.

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The Chinese government enforced public security system reform in the economic transition period. Now, the enterprise’ social insurance premium, a kind of payroll tax, is nearly 40% of the total wage in China. It is thought enterprises may transfer the burden of payroll taxes to workers by reducing their wages. Does the level of an enterprise’s social security payroll taxes influence their workers’ wages? Using the Chinese Large and Medium-size Manufacturing Enterprises (CLMME) dataset to construct an enterprise panel data from 2004 to 2007, we employ an empirical study to provide evidence on the issue. We utilize the fixed effects model, random effects model and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to address the heterogeneity problem, initial dependent problem and endogenous problem. It is found that in general, increased social security payroll taxes negatively affect the workers’ wages, which indicates that many enterprises may transfer the payroll taxes burden onto their workers. Increased social security payroll taxes may decrease the wage levels for workers in both the public sector and the private sector, but the negative effect is greater for workers in the private sector than in the public sector.

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He, Jiangjiang, Peipei Song, Qi Kang, Xueyan Zhang, Jiahao Hu, Yan Yang, Mi Tang, Duo Chen, Shanlian Hu, and Chunlin Jin. "Overview on social security system of rare diseases in China." BioScience Trends 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/bst.2019.01209.

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45

ZHIFEN, LIN. "Regional Disparities in Social Security in China and Transfer Payments." Chinese Economy 37, no. 5 (September 2004): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2004.11033507.

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46

Chen, Tianhong, and John A. Turner. "Fragmentation in Social Security Old-Age Benefit Provision in China." Journal of Aging & Social Policy 27, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2014.977647.

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47

Chen, Tianhong, and John A. Turner. "Extending social security coverage to the rural sector in China." International Social Security Review 67, no. 1 (January 2014): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12030.

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48

Leckie, Stuart, and Ning Pan. "A review of the National Social Security Fund in China." Pensions: An International Journal 12, no. 2 (March 2007): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5950046.

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49

Williamson, John B., and Catherine Deitelbaum. "Social security reform: Does partial privatization make sense for China?" Journal of Aging Studies 19, no. 2 (May 2005): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2004.06.009.

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50

McKinnon, Roddy. "Social security coverage extension in the People’s Republic of China." International Social Security Review 74, no. 1 (January 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12260.

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