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Huynh, Virginia W., and Jessica J. Chiang. "Subjective Social Status and Adolescent Health." Youth & Society 50, no. 7 (2016): 926–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16646028.
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Despite adolescence being a period marked by significant social changes, research on social status focuses largely on adults. This study examined whether school and societal subjective social status (SSS) are differentially associated with adolescent health above and beyond objective socioeconomic status (SES), and explored pathways linking SSS to health. Latino ( n = 169) and Asian American ( n = 77) adolescents ( M age = 17.23, SD = 0.74; 59% female) completed self-reports of SSS, sleep, stress, and somatic symptoms. Parents reported income and education. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained. Results indicate that independent of objective SES, lower school SSS was associated with higher diastolic BP whereas lower societal SSS was associated with more somatic symptoms. Sleep disruptions and perceived stress mediated the association between societal SSS and somatic symptoms. Results suggest that SSS may be more important to adolescent health than objective SES. Furthermore, school and societal SSS may differentially affect indicators of health through different pathways.
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Gurung, Gagan. "Child Health Status of Nepal: Social Exclusion Perspective." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 29, no. 2 (2009): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v29i2.2044.
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Introduction: Nepal has achieved a spectacular success in child health over the last decades but the achievement is not uniform across different social groups. Therefore, there is urgent need to identify the groups who are excluded from access of child health services which would give us population at risk to prioritize and utilize the scarce resources available in health sector more effectively and efficiently. Methods: The study was descriptive type and was based on review of secondary data of different studies done in past. The study used World Bank framework of dimension of exclusion to analyze social exclusion in child health in Nepal. The health differentials in child health across different social groups were analyzed using simple descriptive analysis like percentage and ratios. The trends of the child health disparities over the ten years were done comparing the data of NFHS1996 and NDHS 2006. Results: The study showed there were disparities in child health status by ethnicity, location, wealth status. In most of the cases, the trends of disparities are increasing for mortality indicators and malnutrition status. Interestingly, the gaps in accessibility indicators of child health services are becoming narrowed down. Conclusion: This study showed the discrepancies in child health status in different social groups. The inequality in childhood mortality and malnutrition are increasing over the period for different groups where as it is decreasing for accessibility indicators of childhood health services. Key words: Child health status, inequality, social exclusion, social groups. doi: 10.3126/jnps.v29i2.2044 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol 29, No. 2, pp.79-84
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Goodwin, L., B. Gazard, L. Aschan, S. MacCrimmon, M. Hotopf, and S. L. Hatch. "Taking an intersectional approach to define latent classes of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and migration status for psychiatric epidemiological research." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 6 (2017): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000142.
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Aims.Inequalities in mental health are well documented using individual social statuses such as socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. However, few studies have taken an intersectional approach to investigate inequalities in mental health using latent class analysis (LCA). This study will examine the association between multiple indicator classes of social identity with common mental disorder (CMD).Methods.Data on CMD symptoms were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the second wave of the South East London Community Health study. LCA was used to define classes of social identity using multiple indicators of SES, ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between CMD and both individual indicators and multiple indicators of social identity are presented.Results.LCA identified six groups that were differentiated by varying levels of privilege and disadvantage based on multiple SES indicators. This intersectional approach highlighted nuanced differences in odds of CMD, with the economically inactive group with multiple levels of disadvantage most likely to have a CMD. Adding ethnicity and migration status further differentiated between groups. The migrant, economically inactive and White British, economically inactive classes both had increased odds of CMD.Conclusions.This is the first study to examine the intersections of SES, ethnicity and migration status with CMD using LCA. Results showed that both the migrant, economically inactive and the White British, economically inactive classes had a similarly high prevalence of CMD. Findings suggest that LCA is a useful methodology for investigating health inequalities by intersectional identities.
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MCQUEEN, DAVID, and HORST NOACK. "Health promotion indicators: current status, issues and problems." Health Promotion International 3, no. 1 (1988): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/3.1.117.
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Costa, Giuseppe, and Teresa Spadea. "I dati per la misura delle disuguaglianze di salute: adeguatezza, accessibilitÀ, integrazione." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (March 2009): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-001005.
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- Scientific literature provides substantial evidence on how socioeconomic circumstances influence health, showing that this association holds with any indicator of socioeconomic position, independently of the theoretical approach on which is based. The open question on the indicators used to represent socioeconomic position is: are they equal proxy of a third variable, social classification or stratification, or do they capture specific dimensions of this stratification, the impact of which would be measurable independently of the others? This paper gives a tentative answer, from the epidemiological point of view, examining the indicators of socioeconomic position most used in health research (education, employment status, occupational class, income and goods), particularly focusing on their meaning, i.e. what they intend to measure, together with how data are elicited and the validity and limitations of the indicators. Keywords: indicators, education, social class, income, sources, epidemiology, social determinants of health. Parole chiave: indicatori, istruzione, classe sociale, reddito, fonti, epidemiologia, determinanti sociali di salute.
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Kurpas, Donata, Patryk Piotrowski, Dominik Marciniak, et al. "Social support versus chosen health status indicators in primary care patients." Psychiatria Polska 48 (2014): 941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/22144.
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Camelo, Lidyane do V., Luana Giatti, and Sandhi M. Barreto. "Subjective social status, self-rated health and tobacco smoking: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)." Journal of Health Psychology 19, no. 11 (2013): 1388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105313490772.
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Using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil ( N = 15,105), we investigated whether subjective social status, measured using three 10-rung “ladders,” is associated with self-rated health and smoking, independently of objective indicators of social position and depression symptoms. Additionally, we explored whether the magnitude of these associations varies according to the reference group. Subjective social status was independently associated with poor self-rated health and weakly associated with former smoking. The references used for social comparison did not change these associations significantly. Subjective social status, education, and income represent distinct aspects of social inequities, and the impact of each of these indicators on health is different.
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Vang, Pa Der, and Matthew Bogenschutz. "Hmong women, marital factors and mental health status." Journal of Social Work 13, no. 2 (2011): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017311409135.
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• Summary: An online survey was completed by Hmong women in the United States ( n = 186). The survey was distributed via listserves and websites frequently used by Hmong women, and solicited information about marital factors, presence and intensity of depressive symptoms, and socio-demographic circumstances. • Findings: The findings of this article indicate a significant relationship between marital abuse and depression among women married as teenagers when compared to non-abused women who married in adulthood. Excessive worry and feeling like everything takes great effort were the two most frequently reported indicators of depression reported by Hmong women in this sample. Additional marital and socio-demographic factors are explored in their relationship with depressive presentation. • Applications: These findings suggest that mental health practitioners working with Hmong women may need to be particularly attuned to issues of marital stressors related to traditional marriage practices and cultural stressors.
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Lin, Hsiang-Chun, Shu-Fang Chang, and Yen-Hung Chen. "The Relations Among Physical Indicators, Cognitive Status, Community Participation, and Depression of the Frail Male Elderly in Taiwan." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 6 (2020): 155798832097446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320974462.
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This study explored the basic attributes, physiological indices, cognitive states, and community participation of older male outpatients with frailty for predicting depression. Questionnaires were collected using purposive sampling from a medical clinic in a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. One hundred and ninety frail men enrolled as participants. The results revealed that older male adults with frailty, the age, residence, income, self-reported health status, alcohol consumption, total instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores in physiological indices, IADL grouping, cognitive state score, each Mini-Mental State Examination category, and involvement and dedication scores exhibited statistical differences from depression scores. Depression determinants, such as an excellent and normal self-reported health status and IADL total score, could predict the depression status of male older adults with frailty. Nursing personnel should assess the self-reported health status and self-care ability of male older adults with frailty early to prevent or delay geriatric depression.
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Wallace, Geoffrey L., Robert Haveman, and Barbara Wolfe. "Health Status, Health Shocks, and Asset Adequacy Over Retirement Years." Research on Aging 39, no. 1 (2016): 222–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027516669567.
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This article uses data on a sample of retirees drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine changes in health over the retirement years and to estimate the effects of health changes in retirement on wealth. Using the framework of item response theory, we develop a novel measure of health that makes use of multiple indicators of physical health that are available in the HRS. We find that large negative shocks to the health of male retirees and their spouses are frequent in retirement and that when such shocks do occur, recovery to the preshock level of health is rare. Using a dynamic panel data model, we then estimate short- and long-run effects of changes in health on wealth. While our estimated short-run effects are modest, long-run estimates of the impact of health shocks on wealth are large, ranging from a 12% to 20% reduction in wealth by the 10th year, following a permanent one standard deviation decrease in health.
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Johansson, Lars, Dag S. Thelle, Kari Solvoll, Gunn-Elin Aa Bjørneboe, and Christian A. Drevon. "Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 3 (1999): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000409.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of social status and lifestyle for dietary habits, since these factors may influence life expectancy. We studied the association of four indicators for healthy dietary habits (fruits and vegetables, fibre, fat and Hegsted score) with sex, age, socio-economic status, education, physical leisure exercise, smoking and personal attention paid to keeping a healthy diet. Data were gathered with a self-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of Norwegian men and women aged 16–79 years in a national dietary survey, of whom 3144 subjects (63%) responded. Age and female sex were positively associated with indicators for healthy dietary habits. By separate evaluation length of education, regular physical leisure exercise and degree of attention paid to keeping a healthy diet were positively associated with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. Socio-economic status, location of residence and smoking habits were associated with from one to three indicators for healthy dietary habits. In a multiple regression model, age, education and location of residence together explained from 1 to 9% of the variation (R2) in the four dietary indicators. Length of education was significantly associated with three of four dietary indicators both among men and women. By including the variable ‘attention paid to keeping a healthy diet’ in the model, R2 increased to between 4 and 15% for the four dietary indicators. Length of education remained correlated to three dietary indicators among women, and one indicator among men, after adjusting for attention to healthy diet, age and location of residence. Residence in cities remained correlated to two indicators among men, but none among women, after adjusting for age, education and attention to healthy diet. In conclusion, education was associated with indicators of a healthy diet. Attention to healthy diet showed the strongest and most consistent association with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. This suggests that personal preferences may be just as important for having a healthy diet as social status determinants.
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Baigi, Vali, Saharnaz Nedjat, Akbar Fotouhi, Leila Janani, and Kazem Mohammad. "Subjective social status in association with various health and socioeconomic indicators in Tehran." Journal of Public Health 24, no. 6 (2016): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0749-0.
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Elisanti, Alinea Dwi. "Pemetaan Status Gizi Balita di Indonesia." Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v1i1.368.
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The health status of children under five is one of the primary indicators of public health in a country. Nutritional became one of the health problems that affect the quality of human resources, an indicator of the success of the nation's development and could result in infant mortality and morbidity. Some research suggests that social and demographic conditions affecting the nutritional status of children, factors or geographic region will be very important role in the incidence of nutritional problems in Indonesia. So the need for mapping the problem to determine troubleshooting steps. This study aims to map the nutritional status of children under five in Indonesia. The method used is non-reactive studies using secondary data reports Riskesdas 2010. The sample taken is the entire province in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using ArchView GIS 3.3. The results showed that there are three (3) of the province that has the most low nutritional status of children in Indonesia, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Southeast Sulawesi and North Maluku. The provinces that have good nutritional status (height), the DI Yogyakarta, Jakarta and West Sumatra.
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Goli, Srinivas, and Perianayagam Arokiasamy. "Trends in health and health inequalities among major states of India: assessing progress through convergence models." Health Economics, Policy and Law 9, no. 2 (2013): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133113000042.
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AbstractConvergence in health and health inequalities reflects not only a sense of equity, but also provides a critical assessment tool for monitoring the health progress of differently placed individuals. This study examines convergence hypothesis for health and health inequalities across major Indian states, using both standard and cutting-edge convergence metrics. The findings lend support to the convergence in average health status among the states and the socioeconomic group of India, examined through select health indicators. However, results also suggest a setback in convergence in decline of health inequalities in recent times, particularly in life expectancy at birth, child immunization and underweight. Evidence signals that from the late 1990s, convergence in decline of health inequalities are replaced by emerging divergence. This paper contributes to health policy and planning by identifying areas where, India needs to work to achieve efficiency with equity in health status across geographical divisions and social groups.
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PRAKASH, RAVI, and ABHISHEK KUMAR. "URBAN POVERTY AND UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN INDIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 4 (2013): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000831.
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SummaryDrawing upon data from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in India during 2005–06, this study compares the utilization of selected maternal and child health care services between the urban poor and non-poor in India and across selected Indian states. A wealth index was created, separately for urban areas, using Principal Component Analysis to identify the urban poor. The findings suggest that the indicators of maternal and child health care are worse among the urban poor than in their non-poor counterparts. For instance, the levels of antenatal care, safe delivery and childhood vaccinations are much lower among the urban poor than non-poor, especially in socioeconomically disadvantageous states. Among all the maternal and child health care indicators, the non-poor/poor difference is most pronounced for delivery care in the country and across the states. Other than poverty status, utilization of antenatal services by mothers increases the chances of safe delivery and child immunization at both national and sub-national levels. The poverty status of the household emerged as a significant barrier to utilization of health care services in urban India.
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Бегешева, М. С., and Д. Н. Маханбеткулова. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH INDICATORS OF MEDICAL WORKERS." Vestnik, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.88.17.057.
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В статье рассмотрены вопросы состояния здоровья и качества жизни медицинских работников. Определены потенциальные факторы риска способствующих к снижению и ухудшению здоровья медиков. Цель исследования: оценить состояние здоровья медицинских работников работающих в поликлинике. Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования стали врачи и медсестры, работающие в поликлинике. Социальный опрос был методом исследования. В опросе приняли участие 64 врача и 75 медсестер. Выводы. Проблема здоровья имеет особое значение как социальная ценность в современной жизни. Поэтому медицинских работников необходимо научить уважать собственное здоровье и здоровье других, заниматься физической активностью и спортом в свободное время и сознательно отказываться от вредных привычек. The article deals with the health status and quality of life of medical workers. Potential risk factors contributing to the decline and deterioration of the health of physicians have been identified. Objective of the study: to assess the health status of medical workers working in a polyclinic. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were doctors and nurses working in the polyclinic. Social survey was a research method. The survey involved 64 doctors and 75 nurses. Findings. The problem of health is of particular importance as a social value in modern life. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to be taught to respect their own health and the health of others, engage in physical activity and sports in their free time, and deliberately give up bad habits.
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Candela, Silvia, and Patrizia Carletti. "La misura delle differenze etniche nella salute." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (March 2009): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-001010.
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- During the last ten years the number of immigrants has rapidly risen in Italy, reaching almost the 6% of the total population. Immigrants come from more than 190 different countries and their health is a crucial capital to enter the labour market, where they play an important role, even if the achievement of social integration is still a challenge. As the monitoring of immigrants health status is an important mean to plan the actions to tackle health inequalities and to improve their health conditions, it is necessary that the National Health System develops a common methodology and produces some shared indicators to perform it. To achieve this aim a national board on the project Promoting immigrants health in Italy has been established and it is now working to find the sources of data and a reduced number of useful health indicators, measurable all around the Country. This paper presents a summary of the main informations provided by the board up to now. Keywords: immigrants, health, socio-economic status, pregnancy, indicators, epidemiology. Parole chiave: immigrati, salute, condizione socio-economica, gravidanza, indicatori, epidemiologia.
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Jani, Vishalkumar J., Nisarg A. Joshi, and Dhyani J. Mehta. "Globalization and health: An empirical investigation." Global Social Policy 19, no. 3 (2019): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018119827475.
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This article empirically examines the impact of globalization on the health status of countries by using panel data. Unlike previous studies, it has attempted to use three different dimensions of globalization and estimate their impact on health status measured by infant mortality rate and life expectancy. It also introduces an initial level of development status as an explanatory variable and found that it has an important role. The fixed effects panel data analysis shows that globalization has a positive impact on the health indicators. Out of the three dimensions of globalization, namely, economic, social and political, the first one has the highest influence on health for the less developed countries. However, as one moves up the ladder of development, social dimension becomes more important. Moreover, the pace of improvement in health indicators is faster in developed countries, indicating a divergence between the developed and the underdeveloped world.
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Jindrová, Pavla, and Viera Labudová. "The Impact of Socio-economic and Demographic Determinants on Self-perceived Health." E+M Ekonomie a Management 23, no. 4 (2020): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2020-4-005.
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This article presents an overview of the self-reported health status of the population of the European Union Member States (EU-28) in the year 2018 based on Eurostat data. The self-reported health status of the inhabitants of the Slovak Republic has been analyzed in more detail with regard to the availability of individual data of the survey results from the European Statistics of Income and Living Condition (EU-SILC). The aim of the article is to analyse the relationship between social and demographic characteristics and the self-perceived health of the population in the EU-28 countries and their comparison as well as a comparison with the results found in the Slovak Republic. The characteristics gender, age, educational level, income, employment, and place of residence have been considered as the determinants of the self-reported health status. The obtained results of self-reported health status by selected demographics and social indicators in the European Union Member States have been compared in visual form using tables and graphs. For assessment of impact selected socio-economic and demographic characteristics on the self-perceived health by inhabitants in the Slovak Republic has been used the logistic regression model based on data extracted from the EU SILC 2016 cross-sectional component provided by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The obtained results can provide valuable information for health protection policy in EU countries and especially in the Slovak Republic. It could also be used to compare self-reported health status in the EU countries and the health status established based on the official health data published by European institutions.
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Geyer, S. "Income, occupational position, qualification and health inequalities---competing risks? (Comparing indicators of social status)." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 54, no. 4 (2000): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.4.299.
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LIPOWICZ, ANNA, SŁAWOMIR KOZIEŁ, BARBARA HULANICKA, and ALICJA KOWALISKO. "SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS DURING CHILDHOOD AND HEALTH STATUS IN ADULTHOOD: THE WROCŁAW GROWTH STUDY." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 4 (2007): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001799.
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SummaryIt has been widely observed that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with frequency of cardiovascular disease. Both men and women of low socioeconomic position have increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and premature death. In this study the relationship between SES in childhood, and health status at the age of 50 years was examined. Socioeconomic status in childhood was measured using objective (father’s educational level and number of children in the family) and subjective (self-assessed SES in childhood declared in early adulthood) indicators. Data from the Wrocław Growth Study were completed when subjects were 50 years old, and information concerning health status was added. The results indicated that the objective, universally used measures of SES in childhood such as father’s educational level and size of family did not show any essential relationships with health outcomes in adulthood, both for men and women. By contrast, retrospective, self-assessed SES (as better, average or worse as compared with peers) in childhood was significantly associated with the appearance of cardiovascular disease among women aged 50 years. Women who at the beginning of their adult life declared better socioeconomic condition in childhood were significantly healthier at the age of 50 years (OR=3·43; p=0·02). Moreover, this appeared to be independent of BMI, SES and life-style in adulthood. For men, retrospective self-assessed SES showed no relation to health status at the age of 50 years. The gender differences in the relationships between self-assessed SES in childhood and health status in adulthood are explained by possible selective premature mortality among men from lower childhood SES and/or sex differences in cognitive abilities.
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Freitas, Kamyla Thais Dias de, Elisa Pinheiro Ferrari, Mariluce Poerschke Vieira, Walan Robert da Silva, Helton Pereira de Carvalho, and Fernando Luiz Cardoso. "Associação do status social subjetivo e indicadores sociodemográficos em atletas." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 5 (2016): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p591.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p591 Subjective social status comprises the perception of individuals about their social status. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective social status and sociodemographic indicators (age, educational level, marital status and economic level) in athletes from Santa Catharina. A total of 593 athletes of both sexes and mean age of 21.18 (± 5.58) years, 371 men, randomly selected, practitioners of individual and collective sport modalities, federated in clubs in the western region of Santa Catarina participated in the study. Social status perception was assessed using the MacArthur scale version for young people adapted to the sports context. For the association between perceived status and sociodemographic indicators, the Chi-square and Multinomial Logistic Regression tests were used, stratified by gender and adjusted for age variables, educational level, marital status and socioeconomic status. Dissatisfaction with status was found in 85% of the sample. Moreover, 46.9% of participants perceived themselves with low family status and 46% perceived themselves with intermediate status in their clubs. The association between groups showed statistically significant differences according to sex, age, educational level and marital status. The association between sociodemographic variables and status according to sex indicated that younger men, with less education, and single were more likely to be dissatisfied with their status. There is need for greater attention by health professionals regarding younger male athletes, with lower education and single regarding their status perception.
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Raphael, Dennis, Rebecca Renwick, Ivan Brown, and Irving Rootman. "Quality of life indicators and health: Current status and emerging conceptions." Social Indicators Research 39, no. 1 (1996): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00300833.
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Ratner, Pamela A., Joy L. Johnson, and Bonnie Jeffery. "Examining Emotional, Physical, Social, and Spiritual Health as Determinants of Self-Rated Health Status." American Journal of Health Promotion 12, no. 4 (1998): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.275.
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Purpose. To determine whether individuals' perceptions of their emotional, physical, social, and spiritual health constitute elements of their self-rated health status operationalized with a commonly employed single indicator. Design. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data. Structural equation modeling with LISREL was used. Setting. The Yukon Health Promotion Survey, Yukon Territory, Canada, 1993. Subjects. The population-based sample was made up of 742 women and 713 men between 15 and 90 years of age; 80.3% responded. Measures. Self-rated health status was operationalized with the “excellent, good, fair, poor” indicator derived from the question: “In general, compared to other people your age, would you say your health is. …” Social, spiritual, emotional, and physical health status were also self-rated from excellent to poor. Results. The model's fit of the data was acceptable. Only physical health status significantly contributed to the variance in self-rated health status (55.1% of the variance was explained). Emotional, social, and spiritual health were found to have no effect on individuals' ratings of their health status. Conclusions. Although recent conceptualizations have broadened in much of the theoretical and political discourse about health, especially in health promotion, the self-rated health status indicator measures only physical health status.
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Buekers, Jurgen, Ann Colles, Christa Cornelis, Bert Morrens, Eva Govarts, and Greet Schoeters. "Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122818.
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Research on the environment, health, and well-being nexus (EHWB) is shifting from a silo toward a systemic approach that includes the socio-economic context. To disentangle further the complex interplay between the socio-exposome and internal chemical exposure, we performed a meta-analysis of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies with internal exposure data on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and detailed information on risk factors, including descriptors of socio-economic status (SES) of the study population. PFASs are persistent in nature, and some have endocrine-disrupting properties. Individual studies have shown that HBM biomarker concentrations of PFASs generally increase with SES indicators, e.g., for income. Based on a meta-analysis (five studies) of the associations between PFASs and SES indicators, the magnitude of the association could be estimated. For the SES indicator income, changes in income were expressed by a factor change, which was corrected by the Gini coefficient to take into account the differences in income categories between studies, and the income range between countries. For the SES indicator education, we had to conclude that descriptors (<college, x years of study, etc.) differed too widely between studies to perform a meta-analysis. Therefore, the use of the uniform ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) is recommended in future studies. The meta-analysis showed that a higher income is associated with a higher internal exposure to PFASs (PFOS or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOA or perfluorooctanoic acid, PFNA or perfluorononanoic acid, PFHxS or perfluorohexane sulfonate). This is opposite to the environmental justice hypothesis, referring to an inequitable distribution of detrimental environmental effects toward poor and minority communities by a practice or policy. With a doubling of the income, internal exposure increased on average by 10%–14%. Possible explanations for this difference are given, e.g., underlying differences in diet. However, other sources can also contribute, and the exact causes of SES-related differences in PFAS concentrations remain unclear. Studies are needed that include social descriptors together with lifestyle and dietary information as explanatory variables for internal chemical exposure levels. This will help clarify the underlying factors that link SES with inequity to environmental exposures, and will raise awareness and knowledge to strengthen the capacities of people and communities to advocate chemical exposure reduction in order to reduce this health inequity.
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Cook, Won Kim, Nina Mulia, and Libo Li. "Subjective Social Status and Financial Hardship: Associations of Alternative Indicators of Socioeconomic Status with Problem Drinking in Asian Americans and Latinos." Substance Use & Misuse 55, no. 8 (2020): 1246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1732423.
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Waldegrave, Charles, Chris Cunningham, Catherine Love, and Giang Nguyen. "Co-Created Research Assessing the Exclusionary Impacts of Low Living Standards on Older People." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2507.
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Abstract The aim of this research is to identify the impacts of material resources such as income, assets, housing and living standards on quality of life, health status and social relations. Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach has formed the conceptual basis of the theoretical framework. This paper will report on the results of co-created research with older Māori in New Zealand aged 50 years and older. Objective measures of income, wealth, housing and living standards are compared with a range of scales including overall wellbeing and subjective health status and co-created scales of indigenous loneliness. The results demonstrate significant relationships between material resources and quality of life, health status and other social relations indicators. They quantify the impact material resources have on key indicators of social relations and social exclusion which enables informed and targeted policy interventions for social inclusion.
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Arday, David R., Gary A. Giovino, Jane Schulman, David E. Nelson, Paul Mowery, and Jonathan M. Samet. "Cigarette Smoking and Self-Reported Health Problems among U.S. High School Seniors, 1982–1989." American Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 2 (1995): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.2.111.
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Purpose. To estimate the independent effect of cigarette smoking on respiratory tract symptoms and health status indicators among high school seniors. Design. Consolidated data sets from one-time cross-sectional survey designs. Setting. High schools in the United States, 1982–1989. Sample. A total of 26,504 high school seniors, with an 83% response rate. Measures. Odds ratios for respiratory tract symptoms and health status indicators for cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers, while controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, and use of other drugs. Results. High school seniors who were regular cigarette smokers and who began smoking by grade nine were significantly more likely than never smokers to report shortness of breath when not exercising (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2. 7), coughing spells (OR = 2.1), productive cough (OR = 2.4), and wheezing or gasping (OR = 2.6). These smokers were also more likely to have seen a doctor or other health professional for an emotional or psychologic complaint (OR = 3.0) and to rate their overall health as poorer than average (OR = 2.4). We found strong dose-response relationships for most outcome measures. Conclusions. Cigarette smoking among high school seniors is associated with respiratory tract symptoms and poorer overall physical health and may be a marker for underlying mental health problems. Smoking prevention activities directed at adolescents should include information on the early adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking.
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GERSTEN, OMER, PAOLA S. TIMIRAS, and W. THOMAS BOYCE. "DOES LOWER SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS YIELD RISKIER BIOMARKER PROFILES?" Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 06 (2014): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201400042x.
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SummaryBoth objective and, more recently, subjective measures of low social status have been linked to poor health outcomes. It is unclear, however, through which precise physiological mechanisms such standing may influence health, although it has been proposed that those of lower status may have biomarker profiles that are more dysregulated (and hence pose a greater risk for poorer health). The main objective of this study was to investigate whether lower subjective social standing is associated with riskier neuroendocrine biomarker profiles. Data were from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS), a nationally representative survey of Taiwanese men and women (ages 54–91) conducted in Taiwan in 2000. Five neuroendocrine markers (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine) were analysed both separately and collectively in an index termed neuroendocrine allostatic load (NAL) in relation to status – both self-reported and as measured through objective socioeconomic status (SES) indicators. For the biomarker DHEAS, some connection was found between its levels and the measures of status, but for the other markers and the NAL index almost no connection was found. The overall negative finding of this paper would be further supported with more and different measures of neuroendocrine system function and a reordering of the subjective social status questions in the survey such that the one probing about status in the community (that has no prompt) was asked before the one probing about status in all of Taiwan (which has a SES prompt).
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Samuelsson, Gillis, Bo Hagberg, and Ove Dehlin. "Retirement Status Predicting Health Conditions 16 Years Later." Ageing and Society 14, no. 1 (1994): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00000040.
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ABSTRACTAll 67-year-old pensioners in a primary care district (N = 142) participating in a multi-disciplinary population study were followed until the age of 83. At 83 years of age, 65 persons had survived and continued to take part in the study. Social, psychological and medical factors predicting survival during the period have previously been reported (Samuelsson et al. 1992). In the present analysis, the same variables at age 67 were used to predict health, measured with six different health indicators, at 83 years. The analysis has been performed separately for women and men. Variables at 67 years of age as determinants for health at age 83 have been identified and ranked through successive selection in a step-wise discriminatory analysis. For women, reported diseases at 67 was a very strong predictor but quite the contrary for men. Blood pressure and sleep medication were strong predictors for men but not for women. Psychological factors were more frequently included in the predictive models for women than for men. Social factors were of comparatively less importance for both men and women. There was greater accuracy in the prediction of health for women. The individual variables most often included in the predictive model for women were coping and reported health at age 67. For men, blood pressure, sleep medication and intelligence were the most frequent predictors. The analysis demonstrated clear sex-specific prediction patterns. When comparing predictors for survival and predictors for differentiated health in the same population no similarities were found.
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Kööts–Ausmees, Liisi, and Anu Realo. "The Association between Life Satisfaction and Self–Reported Health Status in Europe." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 6 (2015): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2037.
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Previous research has shown that life satisfaction (LS) and self–reported health status are strongly related to each other. However, it is not clear whether this association holds across different nations or whether certain country–level indicators significantly affect this association. The study was based on nationally representative samples of 32 countries from the first six rounds of the European Social Survey (N = 291 686). Results from hierarchical multilevel modelling indicated that there was a positive association between LS and self–reported health status across countries, but this association was slightly stronger in countries where governments spent less on the health care of their residents. Self–reported health ratings were also more strongly tied to LS judgements in countries where variability in LS ratings was larger. These results suggest that, especially in less wealthy European countries, policies should target reducing overall social inequality and the negative impact of governments’ underinvestment in health care on LS. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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de Hoog, Natascha, Susanne van Dinther, and Esther Bakker. "Socioeconomic status and health-compromising behaviour: Is it all about perception?" Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, no. 3 (2020): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.1840.
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Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many health issues and health-compromising behaviour (HCB). Most research is based on objective indicators of SES, even though subjective SES, someone’s perception of their social standing, is also related to health. Moreover, perceptions of health and HCB might also be of importance. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between both objective and subjective SES and perceived health and HCB respectively, and the role of perceptions of HCB. 326 respondents completed measures of objective and subjective SES, perceived health, HCB and perceptions of HCB. Results showed objective and subjective SES were related to perceived health. Only subjective SES was related to HCB, while for objective SES a moderating effect of perceiving HCB as typically high or low SES was found. Not only objective SES, but especially perceptions of SES and HCB are associated with someone feeling healthy and engaging in HCB. Health interventions should try to tackle perceptions of SES and HCB, either by invalidating current SES related perceptions or by emphasizing new healthy perceptions.
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Behringer, Bruce, Gilbert H. Friedell, Kelly A. Dorgan, et al. "Understanding the Challenges of Reducing Cancer in Appalachia." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, SI (2007): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5isi.1197.
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The Appalachian region of the United States has long been recognized for its poor economic and social indicators. Only during the past decade have multi-state data become more accessible to describe the regions’ poor health status and resulting outcomes. A recent community-based participatory study engaged rural Appalachians to describe “what makes Appalachia different?” from other geographic areas and cultural groups in the United States and identify those characteristics that influence the region’s health. This article summarizes the community interpretation of these findings.
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Sinimole, K. R. "Emerging Patterns of Morbidity and Hospitalization— A Comparison of Kerala and Bihar." Illness, Crisis & Loss 28, no. 4 (2017): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137317744249.
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Health status of the population is one of the significant indicators of social and economic well-being. Government of India has tried to ensure the highest possible health status of India’s population and access to quality health care through a number of policy documents. Improved overall health status and socioeconomic pressures have resulted in changes in the demographic profile. The type of health-care service requirement has changed due to the rise of lifestyle-related diseases and communicable diseases. It is also crucially relevant that maternal and infant mortality continue to remain unacceptably high in several parts of the country. States like Kerala have performed well and “Kerala Model Health System” is often viewed as a rare combination of higher order human development and not so noticeable pattern of consistent exponential economic growth. However, the well-known “Kerala Model Health System” has been facing a crisis due to the demographic transition in Kerala and it is reflected in its patterns of morbidity and hospitalization. Bihar, on the other hand, has low longevity and performs poor in terms of medical and educational facilities, and it has the lowest rates of reported morbidity. At this context, this article tries to assess the socioeconomic determinants of morbidity and hospitalization in the states of Kerala and Bihar.
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BOWLING, ANN, SHARON SEE-TAI, SHAH EBRAHIM, ZAHAVA GABRIEL, and PRIYHA SOLANKI. "Attributes of age-identity." Ageing and Society 25, no. 4 (2005): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05003818.
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Chronological age can be an unsatisfactory method of discriminating between older people. The lay concept of how old people actually feel may be more useful. The aim of the analyses reported in this paper was to investigate indicators of age-identity (or subjective age) among a national random sample of people aged 65 or more years living at home in Britain. Information was initially collected by home interview and a follow-up postal questionnaire 12–18 months later. The age that respondents felt was a more sensitive indicator than chronological age of many indicators of the respondents’ health, psychological and social characteristics. Multiple regression analysis showed that baseline health and functional status, and reported changes in these at follow-up, explained 20.4 per cent of the variance in self-perceived age. Adding baseline mental health (anxiety/depression), feelings and fears about ageing at follow-up explained a further 0.8 per cent of the variance, making the total variance explained 21.2 per cent. It is concluded that measures of physical health and functional status and their interactions influenced age-identity. Mental health status and psychological perceptions made a small but significant additional contribution.
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Ramírez-Orellana, Alicia, María del Carmen Valls Martínez, and Mayra Soledad Grasso. "Using Higher-Order Constructs to Estimate Health-Disease Status: The Effect of Health System Performance and Sustainability." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111228.
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This article aims to provide information to public agencies and policymakers on the determinants of health systems and their relationships that influence citizens’ health–disease status. A total of 61 indicators for each of 17 Spanish autonomous communities were collected from the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services, and Equality between 2008 and 2017. The applied technique was partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Concerning health–disease status, an influence of sustainability and performance on the health system was hypothesized. The findings revealed that health system sustainability had a negative effect on health–disease status, measured in terms of disease incidence. However, the relationship between health system performance and health–disease status is positive. Furthermore, health system performance mediates the relationship between sustainability and health–disease status. According to our study, if we consider the opposite poles that make up the definition of health–disease status (well-being and disease), this concept is defined more by the incidence of the negative aspect.
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Menec, Verena H., Lisa Lix, and Leonard MacWilliam. "Trends in the Health Status of Older Manitobans, 1985 to 1999." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 24, S1 (2005): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2005.0050.
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ABSTRACTTrends in the health status of the entire senior population aged 65 years or older in Manitoba were examined over a 14-year period (1985–1999) using administrative data (about 150,000 individuals). Significant health gains were apparent for a number of important indicators, including acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, and hip fractures, although some of these gains were restricted to urban areas. Improvements in these health indicators are significant, as they can have major implications for individuals' need for health services and ability to live independently. In contrast, chronic diseases were on the rise, with the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dementia increasing substantially over the 14-year period. These trends suggest a need for a policy emphasis on prevention, such as reducing the prevalence of obesity, which is one risk factor for diabetes. Moreover, having sufficient care options in place for the growing number of individuals with dementia is an issue that will have to be addressed.
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Mohiuddln, Yasmeen. "Country Rankings of Women's Status: An Alternative Index." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (1995): 1025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.1025-1039.
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The purpose of the present paper is to formulate a composite index of the status of women and to rank both developed and developing countries on the basis of that index. This index is presented as an alternative or complement to the current status of women index, published by the Population Crisis Committee (PCC) and used by the World Bank and the United Nations, which focuses on indicators measuring health, education, employment, marriage and childbearing, and social equality. The paper argues that these indicators have a poverty-bias and measure women's status in terms of structural change rather than in terms of their welfare vis-ii-vis men. The PCC index is also based on the implicit assumption that women's status in developing countries ought to be defined in a similar way as in developed countries, thus including primarily only those indicators which are more relevant for developed countries. To remedy these defects, the paper presents an alternative composite index, hereafter labelled the Alternative Composite (AC) index, based on many more indicators reflecting women's issues in both developed and developing countries. The results of the statistical analysis show that the ranking of countries based on the AC index is significantly different from the PCC index.
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Fernández-Niño, Julián Alfredo, Carlos Jacobo Ramírez-Valdés, Diego Cerecero-Garcia, and Ietza Bojorquez-Chapela. "Deported Mexican migrants: health status and access to care." Revista de Saúde Pública 48, no. 3 (2014): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005150.
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OBJECTIVE To describe the health status and access to care of forced-return Mexican migrants deported through the Mexico-United States border and to compare it with the situation of voluntary-return migrants. METHODS Secondary data analysis from the Survey on Migration in Mexico’s Northern Border from 2012. This is a continuous survey, designed to describe migration flows between Mexico and the United States, with a mobile-population sampling design. We analyzed indicators of health and access to care among deported migrants, and compare them with voluntary-return migrants. Our analysis sample included 2,680 voluntary-return migrants, and 6,862 deportees. We employ an ordinal multiple logistic regression model, to compare the adjusted odds of having worst self-reported health between the studied groups. RESULTS As compared to voluntary-return migrants, deportees were less likely to have medical insurance in the United States (OR = 0.05; 95%CI 0.04;0.06). In the regression model a poorer self-perceived health was found to be associated with having been deported (OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.52;1.92), as well as age (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.02;1.03) and years of education (OR = 0.94 95%CI 0.93;0.95). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, deportees had less access to care while in the United States, as compared with voluntary-return migrants. Our results also showed an independent and statistically significant association between deportation and having poorer self-perceived health. To promote the health and access to care of deported Mexican migrants coming back from the United States, new health and social policies are required.
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Miladinovic-Radmilovic, Natasa, Vulovic Dragana, and Ksenija Djukic. "Health status of children in ancient Sirmium." Starinar, no. 66 (2016): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1666065m.
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This paper presents diseases which directly leave traces on osteological material (enamel hypoplasia, caries, traumatic conditions, haematological disorders, metabolic diseases and middle ear inflammation) and diseases that leave no visible marks on bones, and may indeed be the direct cause of death of children in ancient Sirmium. In paleodemographic research, child mortality rate is an important element of a population?s progress. Child mortality is considered an adequate criterion for the social and sanitation conditions of a community and a sensitive indicator of inadequate nutrition.
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Jang, Yuri, Nan Sook Park, Min-Kyoung Rhee, et al. "PHYSICAL-MENTAL-ORAL-COGNITIVE HEALTH IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS: A MULTISITE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1510.
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Abstract Using data from surveys with older Korean Americans (n = 2,150) conducted at five sites in the U.S. (California, New York, Texas, Hawaii, and Florida), the present study explored the status of physical/mental/oral/cognitive health and its determinants. For each health domain, we examined how self-rating (excellent/very good/good/fair/poor) of health was associated with other domain-relevant indicators (e.g., the number of chronic diseases, symptoms of depression, problems with teeth or gums, or cognitive performance) and sociocultural factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, acculturation, social network, and social cohesion). Geographic variation was also considered. The correlations between self-ratings and domain-relevant indicators in all health domains were significant but moderate. A series of multivariate regression models of self-ratings of physical/mental/oral/cognitive health not only confirmed the effect of the domain-relevant health indicators but also demonstrated a critical contribution of sociocultural determinants. Implications for older immigrants were discussed in terms of place, culture, and context.
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Shastin, Aleksandr S., S. V. Yarushin, T. M. Tsepilova, et al. "HEALTH INDICATORS IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS OF WORKERS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 1 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-26-31.
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Introduction. Occupational health enforcement in workers as a part of corporate social programs remains an urgent challenge for business entities. Public benefits and economic efficiency of programs for health preservation/disease prevention depend on whether they are arranged well enough with regard to the health status of individual workers and occupational groups. Meanwhile, the regulation of personal data protection limits the ability of business entities to access information about the health status of their employees. Material and methods. We analyzed the physicians’ statements obtained in regular medical examinations of industrial workers for a 5-year period. Results. We identified occupational groups/units with the highest percentage of workers who need sanatorium-resort treatment (SRT). Electric gas welders and furnace operators were estimated to need SRT the most, twice as frequently vs the rest of the workers. Conclusion. Medical check-up examinations not only provide information about the workers with a high risk of occupational diseases, but they also allow identifying occupational groups with a high risk of temporary disability due to common non-communicable diseases. Information obtained from these statements can be used for indicative health assessment in occupational groups of workers. This may be used in detecting prior groups of individuals when planning health-promoting activities and other measures.
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Paskov, Marii, and Lindsay Richards. "Social status inequality and depression in Europe." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 62, no. 2 (2021): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207152211022419.
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It is theorized that income inequality is an indicator of status inequality and should therefore be associated with adverse health outcomes. In this article, we propose a novel way to capture status inequality more directly by measuring the distribution of self-perceived status in a society. We investigate whether status inequality in a society is associated with depression in the population. We show, first, that there is only a moderate association between subjective social status inequality and income inequality. Second, we provide evidence that depression is higher in countries with higher status inequality and that our novel measure of status inequality is more strongly associated with depression than the conventionally used income inequality measure. However, results are susceptible to influential country cases.
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Moh’d, Rabi’u Isah, and Joseph Boniface Ajefu. "Understanding the relationship between health and internal migration in the United Kingdom." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 4 (2017): 432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-05-2016-0021.
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Purpose Studies on the relationship between migration and health status of individuals most often concentrate on international migrants. In contrast, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between health and internal migration using the first 18 waves of the British Household Survey. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the 12-version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), an indicator of mental health, and physical health indicators as the health variables. This study uses different econometrics estimation methods in modelling the relationship in order to address omitted variable bias as well as unobserved heterogeneity. The econometric estimation methods include Pooled OLS, random effects (RE), fixed effects (FE) and then probit RE. The authors explore the relationship by comparing the health status of movers and non-movers and different types of internal migration such as between local authority districts and between regions. Findings The results of this research suggest that there is healthy migrant effect on migration within UK on some indicators of physical health like arm/leg, heart and migraine/headache problems, but not on mental health indicator. And the effects are similar for both males and females. It is advised therefore that the department of health should improve the health of those affected by these ailments so that they can have a chance to move perhaps to better their lots. Originality/value This study uses different econometrics estimation methods in modelling the relationship in order to address omitted variable bias as well as unobserved heterogeneity. The econometric estimation methods include Pooled OLS, RE, FE and then probit RE.
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Trigg, Heather B., Susan A. Jacobucci, Stephen A. Mrozowski, and John M. Steinberg. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARASITES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN URBANIZING LANDSCAPES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL STATUS." American Antiquity 82, no. 3 (2017): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.6.
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Using archaeological data of two human intestinal parasites from seventeenth- to early twentieth-century contexts, we explore the intersection of biological and cultural variables that shaped the ecology of cities in northeastern North America during the modern period. These parasites are useful because they require a developmental period in the soil, thus providing a link between human activities and changing environments. Prior to the last decades of the eighteenth century, Trichuris eggs dominate the archaeoparasitological assemblage. Around 1800, there is a shift to increasing proportions of Ascaris eggs, which appears to be largely complete by 1850—a period of increasing urbanization in the northeast United States. Both environmental and behavioral factors play a role in this shift and include the relationship between parasite biology and changing microenvironments, attempts to deal with waste, and use of urban spaces. During this period, poorer households would likely have been at greater risk of parasites because of the ways they used yard spaces, their delayed access to sanitary technology, and the changing nature of urban vegetation in densely occupied neighborhoods.
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Shell, Rita M., Nancy Groppenbacher, Mark W. Roosa, and Leah K. Gensheimer. "Interpreting children's reports of concern about parental drinking: Indicators of risk status?" American Journal of Community Psychology 20, no. 4 (1992): 463–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00937755.
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Denney, Justin T., and Jason D. Boardman. "Hearing Impairment, Household Composition, Marital Status, and Mortality Among U.S. Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 76, no. 1 (2019): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz157.
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Abstract Objectives This study investigates associations between hearing impairment, household composition, marital status, and all-cause mortality for a representative sample of United States adults aged 40 and older (N = 198,902). Methods We use data from 11 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (2004–2014) linked to prospective mortality status through 2015. The risk of mortality over the follow-up period is estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Compared to those with good to excellent hearing, adults with moderate to severe hearing impairments and deaf adults had 11% and 21% higher risk of death from any cause over the follow-up period, respectively. Household composition and marital status, as indicators of household social support systems, associated independently with the risk of mortality but did not substantively change the association between hearing impairment and mortality. Discussion Hearing impairment represents an important contributor to the length of life for adults age 40 and older, independent of other important and established determinants of mortality.
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McMahon, Anthony, and Lucinda Reck. "Well-being for Indigenous foster children: Alternative considerations for practice research." Children Australia 28, no. 2 (2003): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000554x.
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In child protection, ‘status indicators’ typically describe the status of children in care in regard to reason for coming into care, length of time in care, racial or ethnic identity and whether specific bureaucratic milestones have been reached. With Indigenous children, status indicators are broadened to encompass explicit requirements arising from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle. Our contention is that this approach serves administrative decision-making and not the needs of Indigenous children.We propose a different process for evaluating the effectiveness of foster care for Indigenous children that considers their well-being rather than their status as cases. This paper examines ‘well-being indicators’ for Indigenous children in care that emphasise foster family capacity to fulfil basic developmental, health, educational, social, cultural, spiritual, housing (Fisher, Pecora, Fluke, Hardin & Field, 1999) and economic needs. The paper concludes with recommendations for practice research on well-being indicators in Indigenous families.
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Moor, Irene, Mirte A. G. Kuipers, Vincent Lorant, et al. "Inequalities in adolescent self-rated health and smoking in Europe: comparing different indicators of socioeconomic status." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 10 (2019): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211794.
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BackgroundAlthough there is evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour in adolescents, different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) have rarely been compared within one data sample. We examined associations of five SES indicators with self-rated health (SRH) and smoking (ie, a leading cause of health inequalities) in Europe.MethodsData of adolescents aged 14–17 years old were obtained from the 2013 SILNE survey (smoking inequalities: learning from natural experiments), carried out in 50 schools in 6 European cities (N=10 900). Capturing subjective perceptions of relative SES and objective measures of education and wealth, we measured adolescents’ own SES (academic performance, pocket money), parental SES (parental educational level) and family SES (Family Affluence Scale, subjective social status (SSS)). Logistic regression models with SRH and smoking as dependent variables included all SES indicators, age and gender.ResultsCorrelations between SES indicators were weak to moderate. Low academic performance (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.51) and low SSS (OR=2.75, 95% CI 2.12 to 3.55) were the strongest indicators of poor SRH after adjusting for other SES-indicators. Results for SSS were consistent across countries, while associations with academic performance varied. Low academic performance (OR=5.71, 95% CI 4.63 to 7.06) and more pocket money (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.26) were most strongly associated with smoking in all countries.ConclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health were largest according to SES indicators more closely related to the adolescent’s education as well as the adolescent’s perception of relative family SES, rather than objective indicators of parental education and material family affluence. For future studies on adolescent health inequalities, consideration of adolescent-related SES indicators was recommended.
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Cutright, Phillips, and Robert M. Fernquist. "Three Explanations of Marital Status Differences in Suicide Rates: Social Integration, Marital Status Integration, and the Culture of Suicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 56, no. 2 (2008): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.56.2.c.
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Our first goal is to link empirical measures of three theoretical explanations of marital status differences to the variation in male and female standardized suicide difference coefficients SSDCs in 12 developed countries, circa 1960. We include predictors of Durkheim's social integration hypothesis, Gibbs and Martin's concept of marital status integration, and norms on suicide acceptability. All three are significantly related to variation in male and female SSDCs. The second goal is to examine how our empirical indicators impact age-specific differences in the male minus female SSDC—differences that vary by age in all 12 of our study populations. The strongest predictor of these differences is the male minus female difference in the percent married.