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1
Pankhurst, Alula Stephen Andrew. "Settling for a new world : people and the state in an Ethiopian resettlement village." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235918.
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Craig, Jason Edward. "Haile Selassie and the Religious Field: Generative Structuralism and Christian Missions in Ethiopia." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/85520.
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Religion<br>M.A.<br>With the momentum of previous Emperors, Haile Selassie steered Ethiopia on the path to modernization. One of his greatest obstacles was the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC), which, being steeped in sixteen centuries of tradition, was accustomed to being the primary hegemonic power. Pierre Bourdieu's generative structuralism will be employed in this thesis to analyze the EOC's symbolic power as well as Selassie's efforts to dispossess the Church of its cultural power and make it an arm of the state. Controlling the rural periphery of Ethiopia, however meant introducing the basic structures of modernity to ethnic groups who had historically resisted Selassie's Amharic culture. Selassie permitted foreign missions, such as the Sudan Interior Mission (SIM) and Swedish Evangelical Mission (SEM), to function as his subcontractors for civilization by building schools, establishing medical stations, and evangelizing the non-Orthodox populations. Selassie failed to anticipate how mission structures contributed to the formation of resistant identities for Maale and Oromo converts. In analyzing these processes, the thesis also employs Robin Horton's theory of conversion while refuting Horton's broader claim about the superficiality of Christianity in Africa.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Kalore, Worku Yacob [Verfasser], and Josephus D. M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Platenkamp. "Social structure, kinship and death rituals among the Hadiya (south Ethiopia) / Worku Yacob Kalore ; Betreuer: Josephus D. M. Platenkamp." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193577381/34.
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Kassa, Belay Habtemariam. "Livestock and livelihood security in the Harar highlands of Ethiopia : implications for research and development /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a388-ab.html.
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Mulugeta, Meselu Alamnie. "Linking fiscal decentralization and local financial governance: a case of district level decentralization in the Amhara region, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3350.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The prime aim of this thesis is to examine the link between fiscal decentralization and local financial governance in fiscally empowered woreda administrations (districts) of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Local financial governance has been one of the reasons and arguably the crucial one that drives many countries to subscribe to fiscal decentralization. The presumption is that public finance mobilization and spending can be implemented in a more efficient, responsive, transparent and accountable manner at the local government level than at the centre. Nonetheless, empirical studies show that the linkage between fiscal decentralization and these local financial governance benefits is not automatic. Several developing countries that have tried to implement fiscal decentralization have failed to realise the promised financial governance gains largely due to design and implementation flaws. A review of the various theoretical perspectives suggest that local financial governance is not a factor of just devolution of fiscal power but also other intervening forces such as financial management system, citizen voicing mechanisms and the social and political context. It is within the framework of this theoretical argument that this study sought to investigate how
the mixed and incomplete efforts of the district level fiscal decentralization program in the Amhara region has impacted on financial governance of woreda administrations. The study assesses the efficacy and role of various initiatives of the district level decentralization program of the Amhara region, such as the fiscal empowerment of woredas; financial management system reforms; citizen voicing mechanisms and political party structures and system in influencing woreda financial governance. To this end, the investigation process largely took the form of an interpretative approach employing a combination of various methods of gathering the required qualitative and
quantitative data from respondents and documents in the selected four case woredas or
districts. Findings on the assessment of the intergovernmental relations to measure the adequacy of devolution of fiscal power indicate that, despite the constitutional provision that affords the woredas the power to mobilize and spend public finance for the provision of various local public services, several design and implementation shortcomings have constrained woreda administrations from exercising such power effectively. As a result, the district level fiscal decentralization framework of the Amhara region appears to have features of decentralization by de-concentration rather than by devolution. Despite the extensive financial management reforms that have been undertaken, the research findings indicate that the financial management system in woreda administrations faces a range of challenges triggered largely by important design and implementation shortcomings. It is observed that the ‘getting the basics right first’ reforms in various financial management processes of woreda administrations are not only incomplete but also found to be inconsistent with each other and therefore could not serve their purpose. Furthermore, there has not been any other change in the last two decades since the initial implementation of these reforms despite such serious shortcomings. Most importantly, woreda administrations could not properly implement the techniques, methods, procedures and rules that constituted the reform process due to serious implementation problems such as the lack of manpower competency and problems associated with the lack of administrative accountability. The results of the study’s assessment regarding the practice of social accountability show that
currently there is no arrangement for citizens to participate in public financial decisions and controls. In general, people have little interest in participating in the meetings organised by woreda government. Formal and informal community based organizations suffer from important capcity constraints, and the lack of strong civil society organizations to support these community based organizations makes such problems more difficult to resolve. However, local communities did indicate that they would be interested in participating in financial and budgeting processes if a number of conditions were satisfied. These included the availability of adequate and relevant information; the introduction of genuine forms of participation in which citizens were empowered; and evidence that popular participation was making a visible impact on financial decisions related to service delivery in their surroundings. The assessment of the ruling party structure and system suggests that the centralized system of the regional ruling party has created a dominant relationship between party organs at various levels so much sothat it has undermined the fiscal discretionary power of woreda administrations; blurred relationship between party and woreda financial management systems; and undermined direct voicing. Consequently, the genuine devolution of fiscal power, the effective implementation of the decentralised financial management systems, and
direct participation of citizens are unlikely to be realised within the current ruling party
system and structure. Moreover, the study shows that the intergovernmental relations, the implementation of financial management reforms and direct involvement of people influence each other. The evidence suggests that the effective implementation of the financial management reforms is not possible without genuine devolution of fiscal power and arrangements for the activeinvolvement of citizens. Despite these limitations and shortcomings, the research nevertheless reveals that the decentralization process has achieved some positive results, such as the expansion of access to basic services; the economic use of resources for such expansion; the mobilization of resources from local communities; and the streamlining of a number of bureaucratic processes. However, the prevalence of various financial governance challenges such as excessive budget transfers; low budget execution; uneconomical procurement; illicit spending; budget pressure; inadequate revenue collection; poor financial transparency; and compromised accountability in fiscally decentralized woreda administrations means the promised local financial governance benefits of fiscal decentralization are remain largely unrealized. The evidences in the study strongly suggest that the shortcomings in the design and implementation of intergovernmental relations, financial management system reforms,
and direct voicing mechanisms areresponsible in combination with each other for these local financial governance challenges. Thus, the study concludes that local financial governance is a result of a complex network of interactions of intergovernmental relations, public financial management arrangements and social accountability mechanisms. The success of initiatives to improve local financial governance is dependent on contextual factors such as the capacity of civil society organizations and the ruling party system and structure. Therefore, while recommending further efforts of genuine devolution of power, in particular through the continuation of the financial management reform processes towards full-fledged reforms, the study contends that
opening enough space for the proliferation of civil society organizations and alternative
political parties will be the main priority.
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Mariam, Berhane G. "Challenges to democratic and economic transition in Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan a comparative study of the political, economic and social structures in the three countries /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964082683.
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Okoth, Simon. "A 'Seat at the Table': Exploring the relationship between pluralist structures and involvement in decision-making—The Case of the Nile Basin Initiative." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1963.
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The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between pluralist structures and involvement in decision-making of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). To establish this relationship the study asked two primary questions: What are the characteristics of power structures of the NBI as they relate to stakeholder involvement in Ethiopia? For those not involved in the decision-making process, what constraints prevent them from getting a ‘seat at the table’?” Two secondary questions were also asked: Do the power structure characteristics in Ethiopia relate to pluralism and, if so, how? To what extent are conditions in Ethiopia compatible with the prerequisites of pluralism? The study focused on one issue-area, the Water Resources Planning and Management Project. Qualitative data were collected primarily from NGOs in Ethiopia during the month of December, 2008. Background information was collected in Entebbe, Uganda, the home to the NBI Secretariat. Data sources included in-depth key informant interviews (n=30), archival, geographical, historical, and scientific accounts. The findings show that 1) the characteristics of power structures of the Nile Basin Initiative in Ethiopia are both pluralistic and elitist; 2) the level of involvement in the Water Resources Planning and Management Project by nongovernmental stakeholders is low; 3) the framework for involvement is limited and restricted to invitations to selected meetings in which the role of the NGOs is that of the observer; 4) political factors are the leading constraints to involvement, followed by lack of capacity of the NGOs and the NBI, structural limitations, and lack of information and awareness. The study concludes that, even though there is consistent theoretical link between pluralist structures and stakeholder involvement, the mere presence of pluralist structures does not guarantee involvement. It all depends on how well those structures function. The findings thus leads this study to hypothesize that the pluralist structures and elite power structures exist side by side, at least in the context of Ethiopia. Through the pluralist structures, organized groups are formally recognized while the elite power structures determine the process and who makes the decisions.
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Tadesse, Menberetshai. "Judicial reform in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1429/.
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The main theme of this thesis is judicial reform program in Ethiopia. It examines the three basic issues which are central to the administration of justice in Ethiopia, namely efficieny, access to justice as well as accountability and independence. In spite of the wider scope of the reform efforts in Ethiopia this thesis has, on purpose, focused on these concepts not only because they are in many respects interrelated but also because they account for a bigger part of the problems that are faced by the justice system in the country.
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Gebrekidan, Mekonen Fisseha. "Social-Ecological Predictors of Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6755.
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Unintended pregnancy is a global public health threat that affects the lives of women, families, communities, and society. In 2008, the rate of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia was 101 per 1,000 women aged 14 to 44 years. Although Ethiopia has experienced a steady increase in modern contraceptive use since 2004, this increase did not result in a proportional decline in unintended pregnancy, total fertility rates, or rapid population growth. In this cross-sectional study, associations between individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors and contraceptive uptake were tested using a sample of 3,863 women aged 15 to 49 years who participated in the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. Statistically significant predictors of contraceptive use were included in the logistic regression model. Findings showed that age, education, marital status, type of residence, and wealth index reliably predicted contraceptive use. Increase in age, highest level of education, and wealth index were associated with 13%, 15%, and 65% increase in the odds of contraceptive use, respectively. Being married was associated with 85% decrease in the odds of contraceptive use and being from an urban residence was associated with 56% increase in the odds of contraceptive use. Results of the study can be used to develop targeted family planning interventions to increase contraceptive use and reduce unintended pregnancy, child and maternal mortality, total fertility rates, and rapid population growth in Ethiopia.
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Gomes, Shelene. "The social reproduction of Jamaica Safar in Shashamane, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2548.
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Since the 1950s, men and women, mainly Rastafari from the West Indies, have moved as repatriates to Shashamane, Ethiopia. This is a spiritually and ideologically oriented journey to the promised land of Ethiopia (Africa) and to the land granted by His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I. Although migration across regions of the global south is less common than migration from the global south to north, this move is even more distinct because it is not primarily motivated by economic concerns. This thesis - the first in-depth ethnographic study of the repatriate population - focuses on the conceptual and pragmatic ways in which repatriates and their Ethiopian-born children “rehome” this area of Shashamane that is now called Jamaica Safar (or village in the Amharic language). There is a simultaneous Rasta identification of themselves as Ethiopians and as His Majesty’s people, which is often contested in legal and civic spheres, with a West Indian social inscription of Shashamane. These dynamics have emerged from a Rastafari re-invention of personhood that was fostered in West Indian Creole society. These ideas converge in a central concern with the inalienability of the land grant that is shared by repatriates, their children and Rastafari outside Ethiopia as well. Accordingly, the repatriate population of Shashamane becomes the centre of international social and economic networks. The children born on this land thus demonstrate the success of their parents’ repatriation. They are the ones who will ensure the Rastafari presence there in perpetuity.
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Gibb, Camilla C. T. "Religion, politics and gender in Harar, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321548.
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Orkin, Kate. "The role of aspirations and identities in decisions to invest in children's schooling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea4bcbb5-1c00-4111-bbb2-525f45f3fead.
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I demonstrate that household investments in children's education in Ethiopia are affected by parents' self-beliefs (such as their locus of control), parents' aspirations for children's educational attainment, children's conceptions of their roles and identities in the household and at school, and children's own preferences, all concepts not widely studied in development economics. Two empirical chapters report on a field experiment in which randomly selected adults watched documentaries about role models who were poor but succeeded in agriculture or small business. Six months later, parents' self-beliefs and aspirations for children's education were higher in the treatment than in the placebo and control groups. Enrolment of children in school, spending on education, saving and use of credit also increased. A third empirical chapter draws on longitudinal qualitative research to argue that children's preferences for their time allocation between work and school are strongly influenced by the desire to comply with valued identities as students and as independent earners and contributors to the household. The fourth chapter suggests that understanding children's preferences might improve predictions about their reaction to education policies. The literature predicts an increase in time in school will not improve test scores: children will reduce effort because they desire a limited amount of learning. I find a reform to lengthen the Ethiopian primary school day improves test scores. Although this could occur through many mechanisms, one possibility is that children do not prefer to limit their desired amount of learning. This suggests that better evidence on children's preferences might improve prediction of the effects of policies to alter school inputs. The conclusion reflects on whether the empirical relevance of concepts of self-beliefs, aspirations and identities implies that assumptions in standard models of decision-making in economics about the characteristics of beliefs and preferences ought to be rejected. I argue that these ideas can be captured by existing economic concepts of beliefs and preferences and by standard assumptions about these concepts. I suggest that, contrary to recent accounts building on human capital theory, self-beliefs should be viewed as beliefs, not non-cognitive skills. I consider aspirations as a type of preference, shaped by both objective constraints and self-beliefs. I consider identity as a preference for complying with a social role, but highlight that such preferences are often altruistic, rather than self-interested. In conclusion, I argue that economics should draw further on other social sciences, including psychology, to develop substantive theories of the formation and characteristics of beliefs and preferences. Doing so will suggest when it is appropriate to apply standard models and how their assumptions can be modified if their predictions do not hold.
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Hammond, Jenny. "The social construction of revolutionary change in Tigray, Ethiopia, 1975-1997." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391175.
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Lavers, Tom. "The political economy of social policy and agrarian transformation in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589653.
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This thesis is concerned with social policy during structural transformation, focusing on the case of Ethiopia. The thesis takes a realist, case-based approach to the study of social policy, which recognises that political actors construct the domain of 'social' policy within legitimising discourses in specific national-historical contexts. Social policy is a key aspect of state-society relations and an inherently political field of study. Consequently, the study integrates analysis of cleavages in domestic society along class and ethnic lines, the role of state organisations and international influences, and their impact on the social policy pronouncements by senior government officials and implementation of those policies on the ground. In the Ethiopian case, this approach highlights the centrality of land to social policy and state• society relations. In particular, state land ownership is a key part of the government's development strategy that aims to combine egalitarian agricultural growth with security for smallholders. Nevertheless, the failure to expand the use of productivity-enhancing agricultural inputs, which constitute key complements to the use of land for social objectives, has led to differentiation in social policy provision along class, gender, age and ethnic lines. Micro-level case studies link the land question to food security, including the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), and processes of agricultural commercialisation, notably the so-called 'global land grab'. A main argument of the thesis is that the Ethiopian government is attempting to manage social processes in order to minimise the social and political upheaval involved in structural transformation, and that social pol icy is a central means by which it does so. The development strategy requires social policies that enable the government to control the allocation of factors of production, necessitating restrictions on the rights of individuals and groups. As such, this strategy is intricately intertwined with political authority.
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Melaku, Misganaw Tadesse. "Social and political history of Wollo Province in Ethiopia: 1769-1916." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7290.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Wollo, formerly referred to as ―Bete Amhara,‖ refers to a region of Amharic-speaking Christians. It was one of the oldest provinces of Ethiopia; located in the north-eastern part of Ethiopia at the cross- roads of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Sudan, and central and Southern Ethiopia. Its geostrategic central position has made it a historical focal point of historical dynamics in Ethiopia. Due to its geostrategic position, many writers of the medieval period referred to Wollo as the ―center and the heartland of the Abyssinian Empire. On account of these, major historical battles among political, social, and religious forces occurred in this region leaving their own mark on it and the nature of the Ethiopian state.
Before the sixteenth century, Wollo had been a center of history, political administration, religion, and religious education. As a result, numerous historical events have taken place in this province. Due to such factors, it was part of the historically dominant regions in Ethiopia. However, after the sixteenth century we see a decline in the position of Wollo. A province which was part of the center, afterwards the sixteenth century, had been downgraded to the periphery following its domination by Islam and Oromo, which were two subjects of marginalization in Ethiopian historiography. Thereafter, the province was relegated from the country‘s political ground and historical narration due to ethnic, religious, and political backgrounds.
In the earliest recordings of the historically dominant groups of Ethiopia, Wollo was not properly represented as it was regarded as a Muslim and Oromo province. In much of the recently recorded literature on the subaltern groups in the post-1991 period, the internal events of Wollo have been ignored.
Therefore, both in the past and recently, the socio-political history of Wollo province has never been given due regard. Despite the fact that Wollo bears elements of both the historically dominant and historical subaltern of Ethiopia, it has not been provided proper representation by the narrative of the historically dominant groups, as it is not given proper place in the emergent history of the subaltern in Post-1991 Ethiopia. This paradox of Wollo belonging to both but not given due attention and representation is the corridor leading to explore the dark sides of Ethiopian historiography.
Thus, this study attempts to examine why, how and in what way Wollo has been neglected from the country‘s political ground and historical narration. It will also try to reconstruct the social and political history of the province in the period under study.
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Harrison, Brennan Kate Geraldine McClymont. "The world bank and the rhetoric of social accountability in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d3d8e55-086c-4b0a-b1fa-9925bf429437.
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Following the controversial Federal election in Ethiopia in 2005, in which the ruling party regained power amidst allegations of state-sanctioned violence, the World Bank, along with other bilateral donors, stopped providing Direct Budget Support. In 2006, the Bank formed an agreement with the Ethiopian Government for an International Development Association (IDA) grant for the Protection of Basic Services. The project design for the grant was one of the most complex in the Bank's operations worldwide and featured a component for the implementation of social accountability, financed by a Multi-donor Trust Fund. This thesis critically examines the evolution within the Bank of this policy of 'social accountability' in relation to aid. Situated within the literature on the re-politicisation of aid, it questions the plausibility of implementing such a policy in Ethiopia where the dominant party was seeking ways to extend its power over society. Fieldwork for this thesis was conducted at the World Bank in Washington D.C. and in Ethiopia: in Addis Ababa, and in the region of Tigray. The evidence assembled in this thesis is drawn from 135 semi-structured interviews and a range of primary source documents. Using an historical method, this thesis argues that the primary purpose of social accountability was rhetorical and the deployment of this language by actors was cynical. Not only did donors have a limited purchase on a complex social reality in Ethiopia, but they also tolerated the misuse of social accountability by the dominant party to extend the power of the state. What was produced in Ethiopia was radically outside of what donors imagined, although they were remarkably relaxed about this fact. This thesis challenges the conventional assumptions that actors in aid negotiations are rational and that aid programs involve the imposition of rationalising high-modernist schemes.
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Bratt, Henrik. "Uneven Playing Field: Understanding Abiy Ahmed Manipulation of Democracy in Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403163.
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This study seeks to investigate how prime minister Abiy Ahmed have affected democracy in Ethiopia since he assumed office in April 2018. Ethiopia is a hybrid regime identified with having both democratic and autocratic elements and the country have been internationally acknowledged for its recent democratic progress. The case study is conducted with a structured qualitative textual analysis in the form of a qualitative content analysis. Information have been collected according to a coding frame based on the concept of an uneven playing field and of how an incumbent party benefit from promoting gender equality. The results show that the playing field was initially slightly leveled and the oppositions ability to more equally compete for power with the government was improved. However, as the opposition was empowered and ethnic conflict arose in late 2018 the government under the lead of Abiy Ahmed returned to repressive tactics used under previous regimes to manipulate the playing field. The government is trying to remain in power by once again limiting democracy. Yet, the study concludes that the playing field has overall been leveled but the fruitfulness that Ethiopian democracy once promised under the rule of Abiy Ahmed seems to have vanished.
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Gichile, Samuel. "Structure, metamorphism and tectonic setting of a gneissic terrane, the Sagan Afelata area, southern Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7947.
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The Sagan-Afelata area, which extends east approximately 100 km from the Main Ethiopian Rift towards the Adola gold fields, is underlain by high-grade rocks, dominantly biotite and quartzofeldspathic gneiss. The gneissic rocks are characteristically of K-rich mineralogy and appear to form a Proterozoic supracrustal sequence rather than Archean basement as thought earlier. The gneissic rocks were subjected to at least three distinct phases of deformation. The first, D$\sb1$, to which probably several generations of structures are attributed, formed migmatitic layering then isoclinal folds that transposed the layers parallel to flat-lying regional foliation (S$\sb1$), during amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism. The second, D$\sb2$, formed upright folds in S$\sb1$ and parallel layers with subhorizontal NNW to NNE trending axes, accompanied by amphibolite facies metamorphism that overprinted most rocks. D$\sb3$, resulted in local E-W trending, open, upright folds that are confined to the eastern part of the area. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Zere, Abraham Tesfalul. "Social Media in Exile: Disruptors and Challengers from Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou160397346197175.
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Poluha, Eva. "Central planning and local reality : the case of a producers cooperative in Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100564.
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Janka, Dejene Girma. "The realization of the right to housing in Ethiopia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5452.
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This research aims to answer the question whether Ethiopia has adopted adequate
measures to realize the right to housing. This dissertation will be informative to many Ethiopians about their right to housing vis-à-vis the duty of the government and the measures it has taken. It can also serve as an incentive for the government to take adequate steps to realize the right to housing thereby
influencing policy-making. Further, the research will bridge the gap in the existing literature on the subject.<br>Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Atangcho Nji Akonumbo of the Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM
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Grieve, Tigist. "Seeing the social : understanding why children are out of school in rural Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690734.
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The promotion of education has long been a priority of the successive regimes of Ethiopia. Combined with the momentum of Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in recent years Ethiopia’s education sector has experienced a major expansion of primary school enrolment which has earned Ethiopia international acclaim and so much optimism in meeting the MDGs set for 2015. Despite this, however, large numbers of primary school aged children remain out of school, most of these are found in rural areas and many of them are girls. Many of the children that enrol do not stay on to complete the full cycle of their primary schooling. While there are numerous studies looking at rural children’s schooling, village-based ethnographic studies are rare, particularly in Ethiopia. The thesis offers a sociological insight as to why low enrolment and incompletion persist in rural areas. Drawing on an ethnographic approach study over extended period this thesis presents analysis of data from two local communities. Methodologically the analysis are anchored on the voices of the children, their parents and teachers and make a valuable contribution in emphasising not only the importance of bringing local people’s own voices into the debate, but also drawing attention to the ways voice may be utilised and calling for greater sensitivity to the way it is interpreted in scholarly and policy circles. Theoretically, the study shows the value of applying Bourdieu’s approach to social reproduction in analysing the challenges faced by rural children in completing primary school. Time spent with children, their families and their teachers suggests reproduction of educational inequality at all levels (home, school, community). While these are certainly important, this thesis argues that more attention needs to be paid to the social context in which children and their schooling are embedded. It suggests the challenges in schooling rural children are not simply explained either by the quantity of primary schools available, or a lack of value being accorded to education, or deliberate acts of discrimination (e.g. against girls). Rather, it has argued that discriminatory outcomes, or the reproduction of social inequality, have to be understood as the outcome of social practice, where ‘choices’ are made in circumstances of considerable constraint. Furthermore, it has shown that these patterns of social reproduction are as characteristic of teachers and the field of the school as they are of parents and children and the field of home and community. Rather than the school operating as an external change agent, as imagined in much of the education literature, the school is very much part of the local social context. The application of policies and the social practice of staff are significantly marked by their positionality within the communities which they serve.
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Verrill, Stephen W. "Social Structure and Social Learning in Delinquency: A Test of Akers’ Social Structure-Social Learning Model." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001305.
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Driessen, Miriam. "Asphalt encounters : Chinese road building in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:160b0802-8bb6-4ddb-8bb1-e9c8cd3f11d7.
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Over the past decade, road construction has come to represent Chinese engagement with Ethiopia. This study considers the lives of Chinese workers at the lower end of one such project in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. By examining the ways in which Chinese road workers tried to make sense of daily life on the construction site, I reveal the inherent contradictions of a state rhetoric that promoted 'win-win cooperation' ('huying huli hezuo') and 'friendly collaboration' ('youhao hezuo') between China and Africa, and demonstrate the local manifestations of the much-debated 'China Model'. Initial expectations coloured by state narratives, as well as the migrants' own experiences with domestic development, stood in sharp contrast to realities on the ground. Convinced of the goodwill nature of their activities, Chinese workers were puzzled by and resentful of the apparent ingratitude of local Ethiopians, their lack of cooperation, and, worse, repeated attempts to sabotage the construction work. Chinese workers' struggles with development in Africa, I argue, should be understood in relation to their background as upwardly mobile rural migrants at the bottom of the corporate hierarchy, successors of engineers dispatched under Mao Zedong who had enjoyed a respectable reputation at home - a reputation current workers felt they were about to lose - and as citizens aware of their country's status in the world as superior to Africa and inferior to the West. The workers sought to live up to Chinese ideals of development by demonstrating and promoting the virtues of self-development, simultaneous development, and entrepreneurialism. Ethiopians, however, did not concede to these ideas, and their lack of cooperation stirred resentment and expressions of self-pity on the part of the Chinese, who blamed the Ethiopian labourers, their suzhi (human quality), and wenhua (culture) for the limited success of the projects. What Chinese workers failed to realise was that the attitude of Ethiopians was in fact a response to asymmetrical and contested power relations that did not allow for win-win cooperation and friendly collaboration.
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Hansson, Ebba. "Characterizing Subsurface Structure of Two Contrasting Sites in the Main Ethiopian Rift." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396851.
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The Main Ethiopian Rift is a part of the East African Rift, from where the African plate is being teared apart and separated from the Indian and the Arabian plate. Even though earthquakes in this area are relatively less frequent, the subsurface structure is a subject of big research interest, since information about the subsurface layers has considerable relevance when it comes to site amplication related to earthquakes. The aim of this project is to map and compare the subsurface structures of two sites located in the Ethiopian Rift, using seismic refraction technique. By looking at the first arrivals of artificial seismic waves on a designated site, the velocities as well as the thicknessof the subsurface layers can be obtained. The result showed that the both sites contained a low velocity structure which contained weathered material.
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Tamirat, Fikrewold Yeneneh. "An assessment of social capital in rural Ethiopia: The case of Aresi and Menze." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8285.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>This dissertation explored the degree and distribution of social capital forms-social networks, volunteer associations, generalized trust, particularized trust and norms of reciprocity in rural Ethiopia. It aims to contribute to the academic understanding of social capital formation in Africa. Whereas the extent of literature focused on uncovering difference in the distribution of social capital at macro, meso and micro levels, this dissertation instead unpacks how political and economic conditions in rural Ethiopia shape the extent of the different forms of social capital at different levels.
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Tadesse, Wolde Gossa. "Warfare and fertility : a study of the Hor (Arbore) of Southern Ethiopia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325325.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an ethnographic study of the Hor (Arbore) who live at the north-eastern end of the Limo river delta on Lake Stephanie in Southern Ethiopia. In the thesis the Hor belief in the link between warfare and fertility is described and analysed. The Hor do not go to war against all their neighbours. Instead they have categories of those whom they fight and whose shed blood is believed to be beneficial to the Hor and those whom they do not fight and whose shed blood is believed to be dangerous to the Hor. From the former they sometimes take wives and raid cattle while from the latter they neither take wives nor raid domestic animals. From a specific group in the first category known as Maale (and formerly from other groups) the Hor kill male victims whose genitals and bush knives they bring home as trophies. These outsider items are crucial in rituals for the reproduction of their society and culture and also for the reproduction of the societies and cultures of certain of their neighbours. The thesis discusses the link between fertility and various aspects of Hor life. Hor Qawots (ritual leaders) are empowered by the genitals brought from the exterior and it is mainly this empowerment that is believed to enable them to be effective in their political and religious roles in Hor country and among Hor neighbours. The study shows how strictly ranked senior and junior Qawots who are members of the braceletwearing clans, as well as metaphorically gendered age sets and ranked settlements, shape the br social and cultural world and the world of their neighbours. It also shows the crucial role of the outside both as a source of fertility and as a source of essential tools of production and ritual items.
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Worku, Eshetu Bekele. "Efficiency and Social Capital in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: the Case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2168_1263780307.
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<p>This study extends the existing literature on how social networks enhance the performance and sustainability of small enterprises. More specifically, the study isolates and investigates the mechanisms through which social capital helps with the growth and survival of MSMEs. The evidence presented in this study strongly suggests that an indigenous social network widely practiced in Ethiopia, the &ldquo<br>iqqub&rdquo<br>, contributes significantly to the start-up, survival and development of urban MSMEs.</p>
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Kida, Muzuho. "Social learning in the adoption of new technology in rural Ethiopia : an econometric analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439749.
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Burgess, G. "Campaigning for women's rights in Ethiopia : the law as a tool for social change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597086.
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This research explores the relationship between the Ethiopian women’s movement, the state, and the law. It looks at how women’s activism that focuses on legal change and personal rights may also make a contribution to political culture and the process of democratisation more generally. The study outlines Ethiopia’s recent political history and its transition to democracy, exploring in particular the history of women’s activism. In Ethiopia, as its civil society has emerged, particular women’s or women-focused organisations have been at the forefront of the changes. One organisation in particular, the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) has emerged as a driving force in Ethiopian civil society. The study explores how this organisation is using a legal change to try and improve women’s rights. With a focus on violence against women, the study shows how a gap existed between legislation at different scales in Ethiopia. The commitments Ethiopia has made to international human rights conventions and the protections for women enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution were not reflected in national legislation. The research explores how EWLA tried to close this gap through lobbying for legal reform, and examines the role that international human rights frameworks played in this process. The study then addresses the implementation of the law, analysing the difficulties encountered in using the law in practice to protect women’s rights.
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Hodbod, Jennifer. "The impacts of biofuel expansion on the resilience of social-ecological systems in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48024/.
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This thesis investigates biofuel expansion as a disturbance to the resilience of social-ecological systems. Examining this issue through a resilience framework illustrates the dynamics of such systems, identifying potential trade-offs and regime shifts. Additionally, this research highlights the differentiated impacts for actors across multiple scales, allowing power relations to be taken into account – the lack of which is a common criticism of resilience studies. The thesis presents a systems analysis of sugarcane-ethanol expansion in Ethiopia at the current and planned levels of production, incorporating both the production and consumption sub-systems. To create an integrated systems analysis multiple methods were utilised between 2010 and 2012 to collect primary data – household surveys and interviews in multiple localities and interviews with key stakeholders, supplemented with documentary evidence. The production sub-system analysis incorporates food system impacts at the household scale and ecological impacts at the regional scale, whilst the consumption sub-system analysis investigates the impacts of ethanol adoption as a household fuel. The findings of these analyses are then synthesised in a resilience assessment at the national scale. The results show that current levels of sugarcane and ethanol production have not surpassed the majority of potential critical thresholds that would induce regime shifts. Therefore, most of the sub-systems under study, and actors within them, are resilient to the perturbation of biofuel expansion to date. However, a detrimental regime shift is underway for pastoralists being relocated for sugarcane expansion. The planned expansion will replicate this regime shift across a much larger population. In addition, the larger scale of operation will more severely influence the ecological sub-system. The analysis of multiple nested scales using a resilience model demonstrates the need to examine all scales to highlight the winners and losers, as only examining one scale conceals the dynamic nature of interactions.
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Ramasawmy, Melanie. "Do 'chickens dream only of grain'? : uncovering the social role of poultry in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/do-chickens-dream-only-of-grain-uncovering-the-social-role-of-poultry-in-ethiopia(1fefe32d-93cd-42f5-8401-94b0f2848d60).html.
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The Amharic proverb 'Chickens dream only of grain' could easily describe our own lack of imagination when thinking about poultry. In the sectors of agriculture and development, there is growing recognition of how chickens could be used in poverty alleviation, as a source of income and protein, and a means of gender empowerment. However, interventions do not always achieve their goals, due to a lack of understanding of the local context in which chickens will be consumed. In Ethiopia, chickens have an ongoing role not just as economic tools, but in relationships between people and with the religious and spiritual realm. During a period of fieldwork of one year in the Amhara region, in the northern highlands of Ethiopia, I explored the roles that chickens play in the household and wider society. The association between poultry and women, reflected in both practice and language, is changing in peri-urban areas, where production is commercialised, bringing into question the feasibility of improved poultry breeds as a means of empowerment of women. Beyond their economic use, the slaughter of chickens plays an important role in mediating relationships with the spirits that populate the landscape in Amhara. The consumption of chickens reinforces relationships within a household, social networks, and ultimately as a form of building nationality. The types of chickens chosen for these forms of consumption demonstrates strong preferences, and may explain the resistance to improved chicken breeds that have been introduced since the 1950s. The practices around chickens also give some insight into some of the ways in which Amhara society is changing.
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Thompson, Lisa. "An Assessment of Social Capital in Rural Ethiopia: The Case of Aresi and Menze." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8310.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>This dissertation explored the degree and distribution of social capital forms-social networks,
volunteer associations, generalized trust, particularized trust and norms of reciprocity in rural
Ethiopia. It aims to contribute to the academic understanding of social capital formation in Africa.
Whereas the extent of literature focused on uncovering difference in the distribution of social
capital at macro, meso and micro levels, this dissertation instead unpacks how political and
economic conditions in rural Ethiopia shape the extent of the different forms of social capital at
different levels.
Aresi and Menze are selected for the case-study based on their representation of rural Ethiopia's
ecological, language, and ethnicity, historical and religious diversity. A household survey (n =
735) was conducted to uncover the distribution of social capital forms at the individual, regional
and aggregate levels. Eight focus group discussions and ten key informant interviews were
conducted to unpack why the different forms of social capital unfold the way they do. The
qualitative interviews were also used for validating the result of the household survey by
uncovering how institutional and structural factors reconstituted and redefined at the local level
and translated into social capital formation.
The empirical result revealed that social networks and norms of reciprocity are the most important
social capital apects in the study areas. At the same time, trust relations and formal networks
(volunteer organizations) are the least important aspects of social capital. However, over time,
community-organization has become an alternative venue where community members relate and
support each other. Thus, network-based and community-based social capital are the principal
social capital forms in the study areas. This result is largely inconsistent with the previous studies
that have been conducted in developed and democratic countries which have asserted generalized
trust and impersonal civic organizations as the major forms of social capital, rather than localized
and interpersonal forms of social capital. The fact that different forms of social capital are present
in different contexts with different levels of importance shows that forms of social capital do not
necessarily articulate together. Moreover, the variation in the relative importance of social capital
forms shows that the production of social capital is shaped by the prevailing political and economic
conditions. Thus, this dissertation makes the case that it is necessary to distinguish
among the different forms of social capital both in theory and practice.
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Dessie, Gessesse. "Forest decline in South Central Ethiopia : Extent, history and process." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6840.
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Gebreegziabher, Yosef Alemu. "Ethiopia’s environmental federalism: problems and prospects an analysis in comparative perspective." University of Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3277.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>Ethiopia is a federal state located in the horn of Africa. The Constitution has assignedlegislative, executive and judicial powers to the federal and regional Governments.1The main objective of this study is, therefore, to find out whether the decentralization of governmental powers between the national and the state governments of Ethiopia is also reflected in the decentralization of functional competences concerning environment related matters. In other words, this study attempts to determine whether Ethiopia is environmentally federal state, the extent and the possible shortcomings of the environmental federal structure. With this basic aim or objective in mind, in the study attempts will be made to see how the Constitution allocates the powers regarding environment among the federal, state, and local governments. To that effect, the role of the federal, the State and the local governments regarding the setting of environmental standards, pollution control and EIA will critically be analyzed. The match or the mismatch of the role of the federal as well as the state governments with their capacity will be investigated. Comparisons with selected legal systems will also be made for the purpose of identifying the practice of other systems in specific environmental matters selected for comparisons.
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Mabry, J. Beth. "Social Structure and Anger: Social Psychological Mediators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29665.
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This study uses 1996 General Social Survey data to examine potential social psychological mediators, suggested by equity theory and research on distress, of the relationship between social structure and anger. A broader social structure and personality approach to anger is compared with the equity and stress models proposed.
Among social structural locations, anger varies only by age when other social characteristics are controlled in OLS regressions. Frequency of anger declines with age. No direct relationship between anger and gender, ethnicity, education, income, or marital or parental statuses is evident. However, the tendency to express anger is associated with more frequent anger.
Equity beliefs about gender and individualism do not significantly affect anger. However, the belief that others cannot be trusted is positively related to anger and mediates the relationship between age and anger. Similar to findings related to distress, both self-efficacy and social integration suppress anger.
As suggested by the social structure and personality approach, combining cultural factors, such as beliefs, and proximal influences, such as social and personal resources, explains more of the relationship between social structure and anger than either an equity or stress model alone. Mistrust and self-efficacy together explain more variation in the frequency of anger than either alone.
In this study, social disadvantage does not directly predict anger. Because anger is prevalent in work and family relationships, the relationship between age and anger may be explained by age-graded changes in work and family roles (Schieman 1999). However, this would not explain the lack of variation in anger by other structural locations in which social disadvantage likely affects work and family relationships.
The social psychological factors that have the most significant effect anger in this study (mistrust and self-efficacy) vary by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Were it not for greater mistrust and lower self-efficacy, blacks and the socioeconomically disadvantaged would be angry significantly less often than whites and those of higher socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that expectations and perceptions of control, shaped by in-group comparisons and experience and which vary by social structural location, may affect anger.<br>Ph. D.
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Johansson, Sandra. "The informal sector and the potential role of microfinance institutions in Ethiopia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11165.
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In Ethiopia, the economic dilemmas facing the country have had various effects on the society at large. Given this situation, the high rates of urbanization and uneployment has resulted in that more and more people end up in small-scale activities within the informal economy. Although the informal sector has become increasingly noticeable in Addis Ababa, it is commonly neglected and separated from the formal economy. In light of the contemporary Ethiopian society, this study has nonetheless argued that the wide range of economic activities found within the informal sector is indispensable and should be integrated with the formal economy. Instead of perceiving the informal economy as an economic malfunction, this study has aimed to explore its future potential through the help of microfinance institutions. It has also looked into how the informal sector can be defined and its main characteristics. To gain an increased understanding of how informal workers perceive their own life situation, semi-structured interviews have been carried out with informal workers from the Meklit Microfinance Institution. The theoretical framework of Friedmann's 'Whole Economy Model' and 'Disempowerment Model' was moreover applied in recognizing the role of the household as well as to which extent MFIs could be said to have increased the social power of the informal sector. The main conclusions of this essay are that there are highly diverse features of informal workers and their businesses, which accordingly implies that MFIs need to reflect this diversity in their general operations. Although MFIs were recognized as carrying a strong potential for the development of informal activities, there were some identified obstacles in for example their organizational structure which consequently affected the profitability of their clients' businesses. The role of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) was also recognized as having the possibility to develop into a new type of labout union as to empower the informal sector and gradually lead to a natural continuation of the formal economy.
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Abiche, Tefera Talore. "Community development initiatives and poverty reduction: the role of the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Ethiopia is a country well endowed with a number of development related NGOs who have been involved in socio-economic development at national, regional and grassroots level. In a country like Ethiopia, where natural and man-made hazards persist, NGOs play a crucial role in terms of reducing poverty and other human sufferings. As one of the non-governmental organizations, the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church Development Program (EKHCDP) has played an important role in supporting and encouraging the development aspirations of local communities in the areas of environmental rehabilitation, water and sanitation, agriculture, health, education, credit and saving schemes.<br />
<br />
The study focused on the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church community development program in five selected project areas, namely Lambuda, Durame, Shashamane, Debraziet and Nazret. The analysis subsequently examined the nature and extent of community participation in the project planning, implementation and decision-making phases. Thereafter, the study brought into focus general observations gleaned from the investigation and provides recommendation to the EKHC and other stakeholders that have been involved in development activities.<br />
<br />
Quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied throughout the investigation. Accordingly, observation, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information. The qualitative mode was employed to gather socially dynamic information on issues relating to beneficiaries&rsquo<br>perceptions of processes in order to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics at play. On the other hand, the quantitative mode was used to test variables related to the research problem. <br />
<br />
The findings indicate that the Ethiopian Kale Heywot Church development program has played a significant role in terms of community development. Moreover, its development approach is responsive to local needs and able to mobilize local and external resources to support the poor, so that through empowerment and participation they will be released from the deprivation trap that they find themselves in. The study also indicates that the EKHCDP has good linkages and networks with other communities and partners. However, the study indicated that the intensity of community participation in decision-making is still low in certain cases. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries did not show a clear understanding of aspects such as project ownership. Finally, this study recommends that genuine community participation should be maintained because it is the core activity contributing to beneficiary empowerment and grassroots institutional capacity building and an essential ingredient for self-reliance and project sustainability.
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MuΣnoz, Jorge Alberto. "Unit cohesion and social structure." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7513.
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Unit cohesion at the primary-group level has been an enduring concern of the Department of Defense since the Viet Nam conflict. This effort studies the antecedent causal factors impinging on the primary-group cohesion within the context of a political mov
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Robinson, Cheryl Ann. "Keokuk&keokuk: social structure." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2617.
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I am a utilitarian. Art is part of my necessity. My sink's plumbing is disconnected to remind Simone and I of water, of use. I empty the bucket to flush. The task of grey water collection system is on the "to do" list for the next house. `Real time' laundry awaits a hanging. I'll not let the paper pulp ferment for I practice elsewhere everyday. I follow the suns. Always a painter doing the dishes rooted in this moment deep with homemaking, child rearing. Parenting, Puppetry, Poetry and Papermaking, all quiet revolt. Documentation of the subjected female experience is imbedded in my work's pace, material and nature. The drawing, the movement of my hand, binding, wrapping, arranging represents the containment of the resilient gliding spirit. I operate in opposition to the capitalist, militaristic age. I respond through the expanded painter's tradition. The landscape genre is among the origins of my formal training and now expands to include a land ethic. I interpret the history, economics and contemporary patterns of human migration as I move between my public and private spaces.
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Ali, Hassen Yasin. "Role of ICT for the growth of small enterprises in Ethiopia." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-5124.
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Small enterprises strive to survive and grow in the business they are involved. They makeefforts to utilize different resources and technologies available to this end as long as it isaffordable and productive. Information Communication Technology or ICT and e-commerceare among those technologies that take the front line. This study asks the question ‘howmuch are Ethiopian small enterprises responsive to ICT and the internet and how much ofthe benefits have they utilized for their growth?’ It takes five small enterprises involved inimport and export business to perform case study research on the issue and examines theirutilization level of the technology. The findings show that small enterprises in the countryare on a very low level of utilizing ICT and e-commerce due to several reasons among whichare scarcity in infrastructure development and expertise in the area coupled with barriersfrom government policy and bank regulations.
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Gilman, Lori-Ann. "The application of liberation pedagogy : have members of rural development committees in southern Ethiopia become critically aware of their poverty after participating in consciousness-raising education?" Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79770.
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Liberation and critical theories of education believe in the political nature of all types of education. 'The school' in the third world is 'oppressive' because it creates and perpetuates 'western-style' class hierarchies. As such, nothing good will be secured at the marginalized groups without a drastic shift in their socioeconomic and political condition. Consciousness-raising non-formal adult education is 'liberation education' aimed specifically for the disenfranchised rural poor. It helps them develop skills to discover the oppressive elements in their lives, become aware of the causes of their destitution, and empower them to take action to transform their realities. Previous studies have demonstrated such programs have been successful in emancipating the poor; this evaluative study of liberation education in southern Ethiopia has also proven to help the target population develop a critical consciousness regarding their impoverished and oppressed conditions and help empower them to work towards changing their lives.
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Hundie, Bekele. "Pastoralism, institutions and social interaction : explaining the coexistence of conflict and cooperation in Pastoral Afar, Ethiopia /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988919117/04.
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Geldof, Marije. "Literacy and ICT : social constructions in the lives of low-literate youth in Ethiopia & Malawi." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://digirep.rhul.ac.uk/items/a612316c-9161-1cce-7fc9-1a903dc23027/1/.
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This thesis explores how literacy and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are socially constructed in the lives of low-literate youth in the context of Ethiopia and Malawi. Literacy and ICTs are becoming more and more interdependent and both are seen as possible solutions for development. However, few studies have qualitatively explored the interaction between the two in contexts where literacy skills are not widespread, such as in Africa. Particularly the perspectives and experiences of low-literate users in such contexts have previously received insufficient attention. The thesis brings together and contributes to the social constructionist perspectives on literacy and ICTs, building in particular on the work of Brian Street and Daniel Wagner as well as Wiebe Bijker, Trevor Pinch and Paul Dourish, according to which literacy and ICT use are social practices that can only be understood in the social context in which they take place. In the context of four research locations in both urban and rural Ethiopia and Malawi, a qualitative multiple method approach (including interviews, focus groups and digital camera interaction) was employed, which allowed low-literate youth to express themselves both verbally and visually about the role of ICTs in their lives. What their realities reveal about how the use of ICTs is actively shaped by both its users as well as the context of use is organised in three substantive chapters. The first examines the interplay between literacy and ICTs, particularly with respect to language, content representation and shared use. This is followed by an exploration of physical and cultural contextual factors that constrain ICT use, such as electricity and gender. Finally, the needs of low-literate users as well as the way in which they shape ICT use according to their needs are explored. The thesis shows how the interplay between literacy and ICT use is more complex than just compatibility between literacy proficiency and ICT design. It highlights how ICT use is divided along similar lines to literacy proficiency by characteristics such as gender, language and geographical location. Furthermore, it shows how in an African context ICT design for collective rather than individual use may be more appropriate.
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Wakjira, Dereje Tadesse. "Governance of social-ecological systems in an Afromontane forest of southeast Ethiopia : exploring interactions between systems." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205392.
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Adaptive governance is increasingly regarded as necessary to improve the resilience of social-ecological systems. However, empirical studies of social-ecological systems are scarce, especially in relation to multiple-use forest systems. This thesis draws on a study of an Afromontane forest in southeast Ethiopia that has been used by humans through history, and explores mechanisms of interactions between social and resource systems and their influences on the overall social-ecological system. The thesis analyses the role of local-level institutions in this social-ecological system, their changes over time, their function as channels of access to forest products for local people and their influence on the forest system resulting from people's patterns of forest use. I use an interdisciplinary approach, considering local governance institutions (Chapters 2 & 3), forest-based livelihoods (chapter 4) and forest system (Chapter 5) as components of social-ecological systems. Chapter 2 analyses institutional change over time in order to understand mechanisms by which local forest use has been coordinated in dynamic political and socio-economic contexts. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that combining elements from both informal and formal institutions allowed traditional rules to persist for decades in the guise of more formal arrangements. However, large-scale governance changes constrained the adaptive capacity of local institutions by abolishing fora for collective decision-making. Chapter 3 builds on these findings. It examines the roles of elders, i.e., key actors in the communities, and the structure of their networks in order to understand mechanisms by which informal institutions were coordinated across study villages in the absence of fora for collective decision-making. Key informant in-depth interviews were used to explore the roles of elders in local governance. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted with elders to identify social networks. Findings suggest that prominent elders resident in different Kebeles were connected by layers of informal networks through which they exchanged opinions and knowledge. These networks were not centralised and were to some degree redundant, as the same roles were preformed by more than one elder in each community, which contributed to the persistence of informal institutions. These informal networks created a power that helped local people to undermine some of the formal rules and to continue using the forest for their livelihoods under informal governance arrangements. Chapter 4 investigates households' access to forest-based livelihoods as coordinated by informal institutions. To examine the relationships between households' endowments with assets and their use of forest products, a questionnaire survey was administered to the selected households resident in seven of the eight villages (Kebeles) bordering the Harenna forest. The results showed that 86% of households benefited from the forest directly by using one or more of the three non-timber forest products (NTFPs) considered; coffee, beekeeping and livestock grazing. Furthermore, there was no strong evidence that ownership of specific assets explained the difference between those households who used NTFPs and those who did not. However, asset-rich households tended to own larger areas of coffee land and to use multiple forest products compared to asset-poor households. In conclusion, future management approaches should be mindful of the effect that a formalisation of de facto forest use could have on widening the gap between asset-poor and asset-rich households. Chapter 5 reports the ecological legacy of different forest use practices. To assess the vegetation structure and composition of the forest under four different coffee management systems which evolved in the past 50 years, measurements of woody plants were taken from 202 nested plots. The results of the study provide an indication of how well each of the four coffee systems affects structure and composition of the forest. The study highlights the importance of adapting institutions to retain the patchy distribution of the different coffee systems in order to encourage forest dynamics at a landscape level. Together, the findings of the four studies identify the mechanisms by which interventions that specifically target either only forest ecosystems or social systems may undermine the sustainability of social-ecological systems. This emphasises the importance of autonomous local institutions to facilitate adaptive governance within broadly agreed goals, as rigid governance arrangements constrain the resilience of social-ecological systems.
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Fayers-Kerr, Kate Nialla. "Beyond the social skin : healing arts and sacred clays among the Mun (Mursi) of Southwest Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f0831040-95b1-4548-a1f6-ebe2dda62d87.
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Kakuze, Hyacinthe, and Wedajo Biniam Taddele. "Barriers in Digital Startup Scaling : A case study of Northern Ethiopia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172626.
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The advancement of digital technology has created a pathway for digital start-ups to flourish very rapidly. However, these companies are facing resilient challenges and barriers during their scaling. Scaling is an important stage for ventures to grow their revenue at an exponential rate while keeping operating costs low. Nevertheless, there are several research papers that reflect the challenges and obstacles that hinder the scaling of digital startups. There are a limited number of scientific studies conducted in the context of developing countries. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the key potential contributing factors in northern Ethiopia (Tigrai). In this study, qualitative exploratory research is considered as a suitable and appropriate method to generate contextual understanding. The outcome of the study shows that the most noticeable themes impeding digital startups scaling are market challenges, lack of financing, lack of support from incubators, poor digital infrastructure, digital culture, and regulatory issues. Based on the findings this research critically suggests key applicable recommendations to overcome those challenges.
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Tadesse, Ketsela. "Integrated geophysical data processing and interpretation of crustal structure in Ethiopia with emphasis on the Ogaden basin and adjacent areas." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Bruce, Laura Coleman. "Social Anxiety in Context: The Effects of Social Structure." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/351868.
Full textAbstract:
Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>Person-environment interactions are the rule, not only for development but also for moment-to-moment experience. Knowledge about environmental influences on the manifestation of psychological symptoms is an important area of research, particularly with regard to social anxiety where symptoms vary dramatically depending on the social context. Like other forms of anxiety, social anxiety is thought to have evolved to help us pay attention to, assess, and respond to potential (in this case, intra-species) threats. The current study was based on (1) the theoretical proposition that social anxiety represents an adaptation to hierarchical, or agonic, modes of social organization; (2) the observation that in the non-hierarchical hedonic systems seen in some of our closest primate relatives, submissiveness is not required for group functioning, and (3) more recent empirical data showing that social anxiety symptoms are dependent on contextual factors. The current study integrated these three ideas and examined whether participating in a hedonic system, as compared to an agonic system, diminishes social anxiety, and whether social context moderates the relationship between trait social anxiety and activation of state anxiety. Participants of all different levels of trait social anxiety were randomly assigned to play a group game, the context and rules of which were consistent with either agonic or hedonic social structures. Self-reported anxiety and behaviors associated with social anxiety were then measured. Results from the experiment were mixed, sometimes seemingly conflicting, and therefore difficult to interpret. The more hierarchical, agonic social system was associated with higher anxious affect. However, the type of social system did not appear to affect self-reported submissive behavior, social comparison, or social behavior. Additionally, experimental condition did not moderate the effect of trait social anxiety on these variables. Although our findings were mixed, they hint at the role of social structure in the activation of anxious affect.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Byrne, David S. "Deindustrialization, planning and class structure : a study of the effects of social policy on social structure." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5786/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the relationship between planning programmes in three industrial areas in the North East of England since 1945, and the socio-spatial structure of these places as it has changed over time with a focus on the period since 1975 during which all three areas have undergone a process of major de-industrialization. The study employs secondary data analyses of successive censuses of employment and population to chart the nature of industrial and socio- spatial change, with particular reference to the possible emergence of a spatially segregated and socially residualized 'underclass'. This spatial data is complemented by household level material drawn from the Cleveland Social Survey. The study concludes that there is a spatial segregation between the 'prosperous', defined in terms of housing tenure and location in the labour market, and the 'dispossessed poor' defined in terms of tenure and absence of work relation, but that the benefit dependent 'dispossessed poor' live in close relation to the low waged 'working poor' and more closely resemble a traditional 'industrial reserve army' than a surplus population. The planning history of the areas is reviewed in both its modern and post-modern phases. The study concludes that the socio-spatial structure of the early 1990s is a product of the interaction between global processes of industrial transformation and the local processes of land-use and housing planning in the places studied. Thus, planning programmes are identified as constitutive of social structure as opposed to merely responsive to economic changes.