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Takahashi, L. M. "Representation, Attitudes, and Behavior: Analyzing the Spatial Dimensions of Community Response to Mental Disability." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 3 (March 1997): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290501.
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Anecdotal evidence indicates that community opposition has become intensified and more focused on human service facilities over the past decade. The irrational, selfish, and exclusionary tendencies often associated with the NIMBY (not in my backyard) syndrome do not reflect the complexity inherent in local responses to controversial human services, such as mental health care facilities. In this paper I instead develop a framework incorporating the broader structure of social relations to explain local response to mental disability. In this framework I posit that marginalized representations of mental disability based in a continuum of stigma lead to rejecting attitudes and behavior. The first national survey of attitudes toward controversial human services conducted in the USA ( N = 1326) provides the data for exploring the spatial dimensions of resident acceptance and rejection. Results of a multivariate analysis indicate that the spatial dimensions of community response are linked to both the structure of attitude dimensions and the spatial location of respondents. The national survey points to three principal attitude types concerning mental disability: social restrictiveness, liberal support, and a NIMBY-type response. The rejection types of attitudes (social restrictiveness and NIMBY) tend to be reflective of attitudes in the Midwest and South, whereas the acceptance attitude type (liberal support) is more reflective of the Pacific region. Regional variations are also important in describing behavioral differences (for example, whether respondents oppose facility siting or not). This analysis provides opportunities for understanding the stigmatization of mental disability, and provides clues about the possible levers which might be used in specific places to promote a more positive representation of mentally disabled individuals.
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Bęben, Robert. "THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MARKETING IN OVERCOMING THE NIMBY SYNDROME." Journal of Positive Management 6, no. 1 (September 13, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jpm.2015.001.
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Szrejder, Dariusz. "Welfare (not) welcomed. A few words about NIMBY for social workers." Praca Socjalna 33, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1727.
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The article deals with an issue of social consent for institutional social help activities in the functional area of the local community. When planning the development of social infrastruc-ture for social help purposes, it sometimes happens that some elements are not taken into ac-count such as the consent of town residents (neighbours) to the location of the infrastructure. Plans to create a social facility encounter resistance of residents who are concerned about their own safety. The source of such anxiety are clients of institutions, for whom the inhabitants have negative stereotypes. We experience then a conflict situation, social protests, referred to in the scientific literature as the NIMBY syndrome. We learn most about the local protests from the media, about the reasons for the protests, NIMBA actors. The article gives examples of such protests regarding the location of a social institution. Examples come from public sources – local and national newspapers, internet sources. The development of events is tracked by the media up to a certain point – for example, reaching consent or moving away from the intention to locate the institution. For social workers, this is a sufficient package of information to take into account the potential resistance of residents. In this light, it is possible to predict the lack of consent of the local community to the neighborhood with a specific cat-egory of clients of social institution. Therefore, an appropriate information campaign, ahead of the implementation of the project, can protect investors by confronting the inhabitants of the city, time-consuming and expensive procedures, and above all negative emotions. Thanks to that avoidances of hostility, aggression towards employees of institutions, clients of institu-tions and objects of this institution will be avoided.
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Shen, Hung-Wen, and Yue-Hwa Yu. "Social and Economic Factors in the Spread of the NIMBY Syndrome against Waste Disposal Sites in Taiwan." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 40, no. 2 (March 1997): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569712227.
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Takahashi, Lois M. "The socio-spatial stigmatization of homelessness and HIV/AIDS: Toward an explanation of the NIMBY syndrome." Social Science & Medicine 45, no. 6 (September 1997): 903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00432-7.
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Mccreadie, R. G., M. A. Connolly, D. J. Williamson, R. W. B. Athawes, and D. Tilak-Singh. "The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (September 1994): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.340.
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BackgroundThe aim was to examine in a population of schizophrenic patients the clinical correlates of ‘neurodevelopmental’ schizophrenia and their relationship to putative aetiological factors.MethodPremorbid social adjustment, premorbid schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and the obstetric history of 40 schizophrenic patients and their 102 sibs were assessed through interviews with their mothers. Patients' premorbid level of intelligence was assessed by the National Adult Reading Test and current symptoms by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale.ResultsPatients had more schizoid and schizotypal traits than their sibs. They showed a deterioration in social adjustment between childhood and adolescence; sibs' social adjustment improved. There were statistically significant associations between current negative schizophrenic symptoms, premorbid deterioration in social adjustment, and schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and between an early age of onset of illness and the same premorbid assessments. There was no evidence that patients with a family history of severe mental illness leading to hospitalisation, or a history of definite obstetric complications, had poorer premorbid functioning or more severe current symptoms.ConclusionsWe have confirmed clinical correlates of ‘neurodevelopmental’ schizophrenia but found no association between these and obstetric complications or a family history of severe mental disorder.
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Rosenfeld, Paul, Stephanie Booth-Kewley, Jack E. Edwards, and Marle D. Thomas. "Responses on computer surveys: Impression management, social desirability, and the big brother syndrome." Computers in Human Behavior 12, no. 2 (June 1996): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(96)00006-4.
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McCreadie, R. G., D. J. Williamson, R. W. B. Athawes, M. A. Connolly, and D. Tilak-Singh. "The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (September 1994): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.347.
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BackgroundA population of adult schizophrenic patients was assessed to discover how the patients viewed their childhood, whether their view differed from non-schizophrenic adults, and to determine any association between parental rearing practices as perceived by the patient, childhood personality as perceived by the mother, and current symptoms. Type and level of expressed emotion shown by parents towards patients was also examined.MethodParental attitudes, as perceived by 50 schizophrenic patients, were assessed by the EMBU scale. Patients' premorbid personality and social adjustment were assessed through interviews with patients' mothers by the Scale for the Assessment of Premorbid Schizoid and Schizotypal Traits and the Premorbid Social Adjustment Scale. Current symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale.ResultsPatients saw little difference between fathers' and mothers' attitudes. There was a positive correlation between parental rejection and overprotection, and a negative correlation between rejection and warmth. There were no significant correlations between parental rearing attitudes and patients' childhood personality; there was a significant correlation between parental attitudes and current symptoms. Rejection and overprotection were associated with more severe, warmth with less severe symptoms, especially so for positive schizophrenic symptoms and general psychopathology. Although there was no association between the general level of expressed emotion shown by the parent towards the adult patient, and patients' perceived parental rearing attitudes, parents with high expressed emotion on the basis of hostility had higher rejection scores on the parental rearing attitudes scale.ConclusionsSchizophrenic patients saw their parents as showing much less warmth, and the severity of current symptoms was associated with perceived parental rearing attitudes. The hostility component of high expressed emotion may be a parental trait which exists before the illness begins.
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Bohonowych, Jessica, Jennifer Miller, Shawn E. McCandless, and Theresa V. Strong. "The Global Prader–Willi Syndrome Registry: Development, Launch, and Early Demographics." Genes 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090713.
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Advances in technologies offer new opportunities to collect and integrate data from a broad range of sources to advance the understanding of rare diseases and support the development of new treatments. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, complex neurodevelopmental disorder, which has a variable and incompletely understood natural history. PWS is characterized by early failure to thrive, followed by the onset of excessive appetite (hyperphagia). Additional characteristics include multiple endocrine abnormalities, hypotonia, hypogonadism, sleep disturbances, a challenging neurobehavioral phenotype, and cognitive disability. The Foundation for Prader–Willi Research’s Global PWS Registry is one of more than twenty-five registries developed to date through the National Organization of Rare Disorders (NORD) IAMRARE Registry Program. The Registry consists of surveys covering general medical history, system-specific clinical complications, diet, medication and supplement use, as well as behavior, mental health, and social information. Information is primarily parent/caregiver entered. The platform is flexible and allows addition of new surveys, including updatable and longitudinal surveys. Launched in 2015, the PWS Registry has enrolled 1696 participants from 37 countries, with 23,550 surveys completed. This resource can improve the understanding of PWS natural history and support medical product development for PWS.
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Cowan, Sue. "NIMBY syndrome and public consultation policy: the implications of a discourse analysis of local responses to the establishment of a community mental health facility." Health and Social Care in the Community 11, no. 5 (September 2003): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00439.x.
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Subramanian, L., Y. Wei, C. Nguyen, R. Hicks, P. Chitra, and C. Campbell. "P.074 Myopathic aspects of Mowat-Wilson Syndrome." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (June 2017): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.158.
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Background: Mowat-Wilson Syndrome (MWS) is a genetic syndrome (ZEB2, OMIM: 235730) that occurs in 1 in 50000 births. It is characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, dysmorphisms (prominent chin, cupped ears, broad nasal bridge) and Hirschsprung’s disease. Although motor delay and hypotonia are common components, a myopathy has not been described in MWS literature. A childhood case with myopathic features prompted further study of this rare disease. Methods: Patients were recruited from the Mowat-Wilson Foundation via email or social media to complete a survey. Results: Thirteen surveys were returned to date. Although 54% of the patients reported motor delay, none of the patients had myopathy investigations. The index patient, presented at 1 year old, with hypotonia and developmental delay. Pregnancy and family history were unremarkable. Investigations revealed high CK levels (range 300 to 500 U/L), EMG confirmed myopathic motor units, and muscle biopsy showed type 1 fibre predominance. Single gene sequencing revealed pathogenic mutations of ZEB2, confirming a diagnosis of MWS. Conclusions: The description of myopathic features expands the spectrum of this rare syndrome and adds to the differential diagnosis of hyperCKemia in early childhood.
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Broughel, Erin M., Kelsey Hennig, Rebecca Chu, Wendy M. Parker, Lisa Campo-Engelstein, and Allison M. Burton-Chase. "Factors Impacting the Decision of an Individual With Lynch Syndrome to Terminate a Health Care Provider Relationship." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 1, 2021): 237437352110087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211008755.
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Lynch syndrome (LS) is a genetic cancer syndrome that puts affected individuals at a significantly higher risk of developing multiple cancers. Participants (n = 57) were recruited through social media. Data were collected through online surveys and phone interviews; the interview data (n = 55) were analyzed to identify provider terminations and the factors that motivated these decisions. Results indicate that individuals with LS terminated their patient–provider relationships due to lack of provider LS knowledge, poor interactions, or a combination of both factors. Findings from this study suggest a need for better interactions between LS patients and providers and increased knowledge of LS-specific care.
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Mavreas, V. G., and P. E. Bebbington. "Greeks, British Greek Cypriots and Londoners: a comparison of morbidity." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 2 (May 1988): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700007972.
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SynopsisThis paper reports the results of a comparison of the rates of psychiatric disorder from three general population surveys in which the PSE-ID-CATEGO system was used for case-definition. These surveys were of an English sample in Camberwell, London, and of two Greek samples, the first in Athens, the second of Greek Cypriot immigrants living in Camberwell. The results show that the rates of psychiatric disorders in both Greek samples were somewhat higher than those of the Camberwell population, the differences being accounted for by higher rates of anxiety disorders, especially in women. Comparisons in terms of syndrome profiles showed that Greeks reported more symptoms of generalized anxiety than their English counterparts who, in their turn, reported higher rates of obsessive symptoms, and symptoms of social anxiety. The higher rates in the Greek samples were possibly due to an increased frequency of non-specific neurotic symptoms like worrying and tension. The results of other European community surveys with the PSE suggest that there might be a genuine and general North-South difference in the expression of psychological distress. Cultural differences in terms of personality traits and culturally sanctioned child rearing practices might account for the findings.
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Caraël, Michel, and Peter Piot. "HIV infection in developing countries." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, S10 (1989): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000025256.
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Shortly after the first reports on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, it became clear that the disease was also particularly frequent in Haitians living in North America (Pitcheniket at., 1983; Curranet al., 1985) and in Africans seen in Europe for medical care (Katlamaet al., 1984; Clumecket al., 1984). Subsequently, surveys in Haiti and in Central Africa confirmed the occurrence of epidemic foci of AIDS in these areas (Papeet al., 1983; Malebrancheet al., 1983; Piotet al., 1984; Van de Perreet al., 1984).
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Skuse, David H., William P. L. Mandy, and Jane Scourfield. "Measuring autistic traits: heritability, reliability and validity of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 6 (December 2005): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.6.568.
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BackgroundAutistic traits are widely distributed in the general population, but the boundaries of the autistic spectrum are unclear. Whole-population surveys of unselected samples of children are hampered by the lack of appropriate screening instruments.AimsTo assess whether the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) fulfils the need for a sensitive measure of autistic traits, which can be completed in a few minutes and which measures heritable characteristics in both males and females.MethodA 12-item scale, the SCDC, was completed by three independent samples drawn from a twin register, a group with Turner syndrome and children with a diagnosis of autistic-spectrum disorder attending clinics. The data were used to establish the heritability reliability and validity of the checklist.ResultsTraits measured by the SCDC were highly heritable in both genders (0.74). Internal consistency was excellent (0.93) and test–retest reliability high (0.81). Discriminant validity between pervasive developmental disorder and other clinical groups was good, discrimination from non-clinical samples was better; sensitivity (0.90), specificity (0.69).ConclusionsThe SCDC is a unique and efficient first-level screening questionnaire for autistic traits.
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Kuzmina, S., K. Yakhin, and Z. Berkheeva. "Assessment the Probability of Formation Burnout Syndrome Among Health Care Workers." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S729—S730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1332.
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AimStudy of psychosocial risk factors in the formation of burnout syndrome.Material and methodBased on a questionnaire developed by WHO experts for the European model of “health management, environment and security in the workplace”, conducted surveys 246 health care workers. Individual attention was paid to health, physical activity and nutrition.ResultsSurvey conducted of the medical personnel showed high prevalence among them psychophysical, social and psychological, behavioral symptoms that allows to think of high probability of formation of a syndrome of professional burning out. Part of medical workers who have one complaint in each group of symptoms (psychophysiological, sociological-psychological, behavioral) – 18,7%. Part of HCW with two and more complaints in each group – 39% (Table 1). Prevalence of psychophysiological, sociological and psychological, behavioral symptoms among health care emergency workers is different (Table 2).Table 1City n = 78 (%)Countryside n = 168 (%)Chi2PTotal n = 246Complaint in each group of symptoms16 (20.5)30 (17.9)0.010.96336 (18.7)Two complaints in each group of symptoms32 (41.0)64 (38.1)0.010.98296 (39.0)Three complaints in each group of symptoms18 (23.1)26 (15.5)0.40.54944 (17.9)Table 2City n = 70 (%)Countryside n = 150 (%)Chi2PTotal n = 220Two and more of psychophysiological spts26 (37.1)12 (8)7.80.00538 (17.3)Two and more of sociological and psychological spts8 (11.4)24 (16)0.10.79332 (14.5)Two and more of behavioral spts10 (14.3)10 (6.7)0.70.41420 (9.1)Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Udovichenko, Oleg V. "The problem of classification and organization of medical care for diabetic patients with different forms of ulcerative-necrotic lesions of lower extremities." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 8 (October 3, 2016): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-8-623-627.
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Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at risk of development of both diabetic foot syndrome and ulcers on the lower legs due to chronic venous insufficiency and other factors. The main group in this study was comprised of diabetic patients with ulcers of different etiology (venous, post-traumatic, mixed) treated at the Diabetic Foot Cabinet during 5 years (n=101). The group of comparison included simultaneously treated patients with diabetic foot syndrome (n=721). Patients of the main group was dominated by women (71%) and patients with type 2 DM. Ulcer healingdue to the treatment, persistent non-healing ulcers, and high-level amputations occurred equally often in the two groups: 60 and 58%, 18 and 15%, 4 and 5% respectively (р>0,05). Lower leg ulcers in DM are very persistent and constitute a serious medico-social problem to be addresses based at Diabetic Foot cabinets. The frequency of such ulcers and related amputations must be taken into consideration in epidemiological surveys.
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THOMAS, MERLYN S., and YAOHUA FENG. "Food Handling Practices in the Era of COVID-19: A Mixed-Method Longitudinal Needs Assessment of Consumers in the United States." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 7 (March 5, 2021): 1176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-006.
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ABSTRACT At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been shown to be transmitted through food. Even so, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed how consumers view food and food safety. This study assessed consumer food safety practices during the COVID-19 pandemic using (i) surveys and (ii) online focus group discussions. From April to August 2020, five waves of surveys were distributed to an online U.S. consumer panel and screened to include only primary food preparers and grocery shoppers. The online focus groups were conducted via WebEx from May to July 2020. Focus group participants were recruited from the first wave of survey respondents. Both survey respondents and focus group participants reported higher levels of hand washing in response to the pandemic. However, survey participants' anticipated levels of hand washing after the pandemic decreased; some focus group participants noted that human nature “kicking in” could lead to lower levels of hand hygiene practice. For each of the 5 months, the surveys reported increased produce washing, both with water only and with water plus soap. Most focus group participants mentioned using water to wash their produce, but some reported using soap and even vinegar to “kill” the virus. Since consumers were worried that SARS-CoV-2 could survive on food, they started to mishandle food to address these concerns. However, this study also reported an increase in food thermometer use during the pandemic. Social determinants like gender, income, education, and age may have also influenced changes in levels of practice throughout the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic drove consumers to practice proper and improper food safety practices, which may or may not continue after the pandemic. This study's findings provide timely information to guide future food safety education and communication during health crises and pandemics. HIGHLIGHTS
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Ingrao, Charles. "Weapons of Mass Instruction." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2009.010111.
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History schoolbooks are part of a much broader legitimation process through which every society's ruling elite secures the uncritical acceptance of the existing political, social and economic system, together with the cultural attributes that re ect its hegemony. In central Europe, the need to justify the creation of nation-states at the beginning and end of the twentieth century has generated proprietary accounts that have pitted the region's national groups against one another. Post-communist democratization has intensi ed these divisions as political leaders feel obliged to employ hoary myths—and avoid inconvenient facts— about their country's history in order to survive the electoral process. In this way they succumb to the "Frankenstein Syndrome" by which the history taught in the schools destroys those who dare to challenge the arti cial constructs of the past. The article surveys history teaching throughout central Europe, with special emphasis on the Yugoslav successor states.
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García-Hedrera, Fernando J., Fernanda Gil-Almagro, F. Javier Carmona-Monge, Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente, Patricia Catalá-Mesón, and Lilian Velasco-Furlong. "Intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: social and work-related variables, COVID-19 symptoms, worries, and generalized anxiety levels." Acute and Critical Care 36, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00213.
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Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has been identified as a pandemic and global health emergency. It presents as a severe acute respiratory disease. The rapid dissemination of the disease created challenges for healthcare systems and forced healthcare workers (HCWs) to deal with many clinical and nonclinical stresses. The aim of our research is to describe work conditions, symptoms experienced by HCWs, worries about contagion, and generalized anxiety symptoms and compare those findings across regions in Spain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Critical care units throughout Spain were included. The sample comprised HCWs working in intensive care units from March to May 2020. We assessed work variables, physical symptoms, worries about contagion, and anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire). Results: The final sample comprised 448 surveys. Among the respondents, 86.9% (n=389) were nursing professionals, and 84.8% (n=380) were women. All participants cared for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the study period. Workload during the pandemic in Madrid was judged to be higher than in other regions (P<0.01). The availability of personal protective equipment was found to be higher in Cataluña. The most frequently experienced symptom was headaches (78.1%). Worries about self-infection and the possibility of infecting others received mean scores of 3.11 and 3.75, respectively. Mean scores for generalized anxiety levels were 11.02, with 58.7% of the professionals presenting with generalized anxiety syndrome during the assessment. Conclusions: In this study, we found high levels of anxiety among HCWs caring directly for COVID-19 patients, which could produce long-term psychological alterations that still need to be assessed.
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Liu, Xian-Liang, Karen Willis, Chiung-Jung (Jo) Wu, Paul Fulbrook, Yan Shi, and Maree Johnson. "Preparing Chinese patients with comorbid heart disease and diabetes for home management: a mixed methods study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e029816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029816.
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ObjectiveTo explore how health education received by patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences patients’ self-efficacy and self-management and changes in behaviour at, and following, hospital discharge.DesignThis study used a convergent mixed methods design.ParticipantsTwenty-one participants with completed surveys and interviews at discharge and home follow-up were included in the analysis.SettingAt a coronary care unit of a major hospital in Shanghai, China.ResultsMost participants (n=17) did not perceive they had sufficient education or ability to manage both conditions. More concerning was that most participants (n=16) reported low self-efficacy in the management of ACS symptoms. Three major themes were identified: self-management of ACS and T2DM represents a complex interplay between individual self-efficacy, knowledge and skills, as individuals navigate shifting self-management priorities due to perceived condition severity; the social environment is integral to lifestyle and behaviour change and managing multiple health conditions requires body and mind systems’ harmony.ConclusionsThe inpatient education received did not enhance participants’ confidence to manage either condition on discharge. While an unhealthy lifestyle was embedded within social roles and norms, some social activities, such as square dancing, positively influenced health behaviour. Culturally appropriate education for Chinese people with diabetes and ACS should contain information on maintaining mind and body harmony. Family members should be involved in formal education.
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Fujii, Yosuke, Hiroki Daijo, and Kiichi Hirota. "Estimation of the Number of General Anesthesia Cases Based on a Series of Nationwide Surveys on Twitter during COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Statistical Analysis." Medicina 57, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020153.
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Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread to more than 200 countries. In light of this situation, the Japanese Government declared a state of emergency in seven regions of Japan on 7 April 2020 under the provisions of the law. The medical care delivery system has been under pressure. Although various surgical societies have published guidelines on which to base their surgical decisions, it is not clear how general anesthesia has been performed and will be performed in Japan. Materials and Methods: One of the services provided by the social network service Twitter is a voting function—Twitter Polls—through which anonymous surveys were conducted. We analyzed the results of a series of surveys 17 times over 22 weeks on Twitter on the status of operating restrictions using quadratic programming to solve the mathematical optimizing problem, and public data provided by the Japanese Government were used to estimate the current changes in the number of general anesthesia performed in Japan. Results: The minimum number of general anesthesia cases per week was estimated at 67.1% compared to 2015 on 27 April 2020. The timeseries trend was compatible with the results reported by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (correlation coefficient r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The number of general anesthesia was reduced up to two-thirds during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Japan and was successfully quantitatively estimated using a quick questionnaire on Twitter.
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Mickiewicz, Ellen. "Critical Review." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.17.
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In two important books, Runet (the Russian internet) is the central character, an essential component of the politics of commerce, economic policy, and strategic thinking. The first, written by an American specialist on information policy and the interaction between society and technology, looks back to the Soviet era, at the prescience and then failure of top Soviet scientists to introduce the networked society ahead of their American counterparts. The second is a collaborative work of Russian social scientists with an extensive agenda to identify, using discourse analysis, the principal political groups posting in “communities” of the like-minded in “VKontakte,” a large heterogeneous social media site combining personal interactions and extensive blogs within self-organized “communities.” The second half of this book differs substantially: Lev Gudkov, senior analyst at the Levada Center in Moscow, looks at the country as a whole through a different lens—a large number of national surveys gathered over the course of the Center’s activity. The first book chronicles the ambitious proposal by leading scientists to network the whole country in the service of the Soviet Union’s ideologically-based command economy. The second reveals a country riven by multiple, mutually incompatible ideologies espousing “anti” or negative platforms with little ideological heft until Vladimir Putin’s campaign to arouse a nationalist or, as the book puts it, an “imperialist syndrome” with the “return” of Crimea.
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Battalio, Samuel L., Connie L. Tang, and Mark P. Jensen. "Resilience and Function in Adults With Chronic Physical Disabilities: A Cross-Lagged Panel Design." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz048.
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Abstract Background Resilience is a psychological construct referring to one’s positive adaptation in response to adversity. Evidence suggests that resilience may contribute to various function domains in adults with chronic physical disabilities. Purpose To test hypothesized temporal associations between resilience and four function domains (anxiety, depression, social role satisfaction, and physical function) in individuals with chronic physical disabilities. Methods Participants were 1,574 adults with one of four chronic physical disabilities (spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, or postpolio myelitis syndrome) who were participating in a large, ongoing USA-based longitudinal survey study. Three surveys were mailed on an approximately yearly basis. Resilience was assessed using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale 10-item (CDRSC-10) and each function domain was assessed using the respective Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) short-form. Results Cross-lagged path models evidenced statistically significant reciprocal relationships between resilience and each function domain except physical function. The standardized lagged coefficients corresponding to resilience predicting social role satisfaction (T1–T2 = 0.09, T2–T3 = 0.09) had similar effect sizes as those corresponding to social role satisfaction predicting resilience (T1–T2 = 0.11, T2–T3 = 0.04), although resilience was a slightly stronger predictor in the second lag. In models assessing psychological function, resilience was a stronger predictor of later psychological function (resilience-to-anxiety, T1–T2 = −0.15, T2–T3 = −0.11; resilience-to-depression, T1–T2 = −0.21, T2–T3 = −0.13) than the inverse (anxiety-to-resilience, T1–T2 = −0.11, T2–T3 = −0.06; depression-to-resilience, T1–T2 = −0.12, T2–T3 = −0.05). Conclusions The study findings suggest that resilience is a significant prospective predictor of psychological and social function over time in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.
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Rau-Murthy, Rohini, Christopher Anrig, Emily Glogowski, Erin E. Salo-Mullen, Megan Harlan Fleischut, Kara Sarrel, Marina Corines, et al. "Needs assessment and utilization of an educational workshop and support group for Lynch syndrome patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e12536-e12536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e12536.
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e12536 Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) requires a lifelong commitment to multi-organ cancer surveillance and/or prophylactic surgery. Emotional and informational support for LS patients is not readily available. Through an LS Educational Workshop (LSEW) we assessed the need and interest in an educational and support group for LS families. Methods: LS patients identified at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) were sent LSEW invitations and a pre-workshop survey. All patients underwent prior genetic counseling. Though family members could attend, only index patients completed the surveys. All attendees were asked to complete both an evaluation of the LSEW and a needs assessment regarding implementation of a support group. Results: Invitations to 213 LS patients were mailed. Of 8 potential discussion topics, the most desired were chemoprevention and cancer screening recommendations. Thus, the 1st hour of the LSEW was a didactic session by physicians on these topics and LS research. The 2nd hour was a panel on patient experiences, family communication and Q&A. Fifty-three patients (25% of those invited) and 22 family members attended. The LSEW evaluation was completed by 26 index attendees, with 88% overall satisfied or extremely satisfied. Common requests for improvement were better division of informational and support aspects, and more Q&A. Of 23 who completed the needs assessment, 73% considered an LS support group as either somewhat or extremely useful. The group was equally divided on preference for a free-flow vs topic-focused approach; 57% felt a support group would have increased utility immediately after genetic testing. An in person venue was preferred by 87% over a virtual one, and 73% preferred every 3-6 month meetings. Respondents preferred a group inclusive of gender and cancer history. Based on this, the MSKCC Lynch Syndrome Patient Advocacy Network was created in 2012 with an in-person, every 4 month meeting facilitated by a social worker. Conclusions: Following genetic counseling, there is a continued need for informational sessions and support groups for LS patients/family members. Implementation of an in-person support group is feasible and responsive to the needs of our LS population.
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Chen, Zixi, Fuqiang Liu, Bin Li, Xiaoqing Peng, Lin Fan, and Aijing Luo. "Prediction of hot spot areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hunan Province based on an information quantity model and logistical regression model." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): e0008939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008939.
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Background China’s “13th 5-Year Plan” (2016–2020) for the prevention and control of sudden acute infectious diseases emphasizes that epidemic monitoring and epidemic focus surveys in key areas are crucial for strengthening national epidemic prevention and building control capacity. Establishing an epidemic hot spot areas and prediction model is an effective means of accurate epidemic monitoring and surveying. Objective: This study predicted hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) epidemic hot spot areas, based on multi-source environmental variable factors. We calculated the contribution weight of each environmental factor to the morbidity risk, obtained the spatial probability distribution of HFRS risk areas within the study region, and detected and extracted epidemic hot spots, to guide accurate epidemic monitoring as well as prevention and control. Methods: We collected spatial HFRS data, as well as data on various types of natural and human social activity environments in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2014. Using the information quantity method and logistic regression modeling, we constructed a risk-area-prediction model reflecting the epidemic intensity and spatial distribution of HFRS. Results: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of training samples and test samples were 0.840 and 0.816. From 2015 to 2019, HRFS case site verification showed that more than 82% of the cases occurred in high-risk areas. Discussion This research method could accurately predict HFRS hot spot areas and provided an evaluation model for Hunan Province. Therefore, this method could accurately detect HFRS epidemic high-risk areas, and effectively guide epidemic monitoring and surveyance.
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Kozhokar, K. G., I. A. Urvantseva, G. I. Lifshits, and K. Yu Nykolaev. "ASSOCIATIONS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH PROBABLE HOSPITAL MORTALITY ACCORDING TO THE TIMI AND GRACE SCALES IN PATIENTS LIVING IN THE NORTH WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME." Journal of Clinical Practice 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract8318-27.
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The aim of our research is to study associations of psychosocial factors with the probable hospital mortality according to the TIMI and Grace scales in patients with acute coronary syndrome living in the North. Materials and methods. 269 patients (female n = 57, n = 212 men) with acute coronary syndrome were examined, their average age was 56,0 ± 6,1 years (45-64 years). The complex of diagnostic studies and surveys of patients on a specially designed questionnaire consisting of general questions, the «AUDIT» test and the assessment of the psychological state of the individual was accomplished. An assessment of the severity of the coronary lesion on the SYNTAX scale was conducted; the calculation of the estimated hospital mortality rate on the TIMI and Grace scales was performed.Results. Male gender is associated with the development of alexithymia in a group of patients with a low and moderate risk of a possible hospital mortality rate on the Grace scale (r = 0.20, p <0.01). Continuance of residence in the North is associated with the development of myocardial infarction (r= 0.18, p <0.01) in the group of people with a low and moderate risk of probable hospital mortality. The direct associations of nonconventional factors with high risk of hospital-related mortality on the Grace scale in patients with acute coronary syndrome are high personal levels (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 1.373- 1.943, p = 0.027) and situational anxiety (OR = 1.728, 95% CI 1.037 -2.881, p = 0.036). The leading factors determining the severity of coronary artery disease on the SYNTAX scale in the group of patients with the high risk of possible hospital mortality according to the Grace scale are the low level of social integration (OR = 0.205, 95% CI 0.043-0.394, p = 0.012) and satisfaction with social support ( OR = 0.714, 95% CI 0.546-0.935, p = 0.014). Personal anxiety is associated with an increase in the incidence of alexithymia in high-risk patients for the probable hospital mortality rate on the TIMI scale (r = 0.40, p <0.01). Determining factors of the high risk of the probable hospital mortality on the TIMI scale are: the time from the moment of the onset of the pain syndrome to the admission of the patient to the hospital (OR = 0.580, 95% CI 0.338-0.995, p = 0.048) and low ejection fraction (OR = 0.930, 95% CI 0.875-0.988, p = 0.019).Conclusion. Directly determining nonconventional factors of high risk of possible hospital mortality on the Grace scale in patients with acute coronary syndrome living in the North are high levels of personal and situational anxiety. The age of patients and the continuance of stay in the North in patients with acute coronary syndrome do not significantly affect the level of probable hospital mortality on the Grace scale. The combination of indicators of long-term residence in the North and significant coronary bed lesion on the SYNTAX scale determine a high risk of a possible hospital mortality rate on the TIMI scale in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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Hernández Medina, Miriam Selene. "Overview of the epidemic overweight and obesity in Mexico." Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA 8, no. 16 (July 5, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v8i16.3926.
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Changes in nutrition and population are intimately related in several ways. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), since 1997, overweight and obesity have been recognized as public health problems, both in developed and developing countries, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, each year around 2.8 million people die because of them. Overweight and obesity are the starting point for pathologies such as the metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. Mexico has been immersed in this epidemic, with the information provided by the National Nutrition and Health Surveys since 1988 it has been possible to document the permanent tendency to increase Overweight and Obesity. It has been widely documented that the increase in obesity throughout the world is closely linked to food policies, understood as one of the structural social determinants of health. Healthy public policies should be formulated to promote the prevention and control of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and reorient health systems so that they meet the needs of people suffering from excess body weight. The objective of this article is to know the factors that have driven the generation of programs, strategies and public policies around the epidemic of Overweigth and Obesity in order to ensure its control and prevention in the Mexican population.
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Leandro, André de Souza, Renata Defante Lopes, Caroline Amaral Martins, Açucena Veleh Rivas, Isaac da Silva, Sandro Roberto Galvão, and Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas. "The adoption of the One Health approach to improve surveillance of venomous animal injury, vector-borne and zoonotic diseases in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e0009109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009109.
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Public health institutions with sectorized structure and low integration among field teams, old-fashioned practices such as paper-based storage system, and poorly qualified health agents have limited ability to conduct accurate surveillance and design effective timely interventions. Herein, we describe the steps taken by the Zoonosis Control Center of Foz do Iguaçu (CCZ-Foz) in the last 23 years to move from an archaic and sectorized structure to a modern and timely surveillance program embracing zoonotic diseases, venomous animal injuries, and vector-borne diseases epidemiology under the One Health approach. The full implementation of the One Health approach was based on 5 axes: (1) merging sectorized field teams; (2) adoption of digital solutions; (3) health agents empowerment and permanent capacitation; (4) social mobilization; and (5) active surveys. By doing so, notifications related to zoonotic diseases and venomous animals increased 10 and 21 times, respectively, with no impairment on arbovirus surveillance (major concern in the city). Open sources database (PostgreSQL) and software (QGis) are daily updated and create real-time maps to support timely decisions. The adoption of One Health approach increased preparedness for endemic diseases and reemerging and emerging threats such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Jovičić, Jelena, Bojan Čegar, Nataša Petrović, Nikola Lađević, Branka Gvozdić, and Anđela Magdelinić. "Post-episiotomy chronic neuropatic pain: Postpartal chronic neuropathic pain." Serbian Journal of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy 42, no. 5-6 (2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjait2004061m.
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Introduction: Chronic postsurgical pain has an estimated mean incidence of 30% and varies according to the type of surgery and patient characteristics. The pain can be severe and result in clinically relevant functional impairment reported by 5-10% of patients. Epidemiological surveys have shown that many patients with neuropathic pain do not receive appropriate treatment. Bio-psycho-social model of chronic pain is highly expressive in neuropathic pain management and requires the adjustment of the therapeutic approach. Case Report: A 37-year-old female complained of numbness, burning, and discomfort of the perineum. In 2016, after the vaginal baby delivery followed by episiotomy, she experienced discomfort and variety of painful sensations in the episiotomy incision region. A year later, after a hemorrhoid surgery followed by episiotomy scar reconstruction symptoms intensified with a strong influence on the patient's psychosocial condition. Consultation of obstetrician, psychiatrist and neurologist took part. Nevertheless, after two years had passed without significant clinical improvement, the patient was referred to a pain specialist. The pain specialist noticed inconsistency in the current treatment and the pain assessment was done only by one specialist. Testing revealed severe symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia, impaired psychosocial functioning related to chronic postsurgical pain. Pregabalin and duloxetine were introduced into the therapy and significantly improved pain relief and psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: Chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome which is not necessarily related to extensive surgical stimulus. The multidisciplinary therapy approach is crucial. Health providers who understand bio-psycho-social origin of chronic pain should be members of a multidisciplinary team.
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Navarro, Pablo, Matthew Bambling, Jeanie Sheffield, and Sisira Edirippulige. "Exploring Young People’s Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Text-Based Online Counseling: Mixed Methods Pilot Study." JMIR Mental Health 6, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): e13152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13152.
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Background Young people aged 10-24 years are at the highest risk for mental health problems and are the least likely to seek professional treatment. Owing to this population’s high consumption of internet content, electronic mental (e-mental) health services have increased globally, with an aim to address barriers to treatment. Many of these services use text-based online counseling (TBOC), which shows promising results in supporting young people but also greater variance in outcomes compared with adult comparators. Objective This pilot study qualitatively explored the characteristics of users aged 15-25 years accessing TBOC services, their motivations for access, and their perceptions about factors believed to influence the effectiveness of these modalities. Methods E-surveys were administered naturalistically to 100 young service users aged 15-25 years who accessed webchat and email counseling services via an Australian e-mental health service. Thematic analysis of qualitative themes and quantitative descriptive and proportional data presented in electronic surveys were examined across the areas of user characteristics, motivations for selecting TBOC modalities, and their perceptions of TBOC effectiveness. Results Participants were predominately female high school students of Caucasian or European descent from middle socioeconomic status, living with their parents in major cities. Four domains and various themes and subthemes were related to participants’ reasons for accessing TBOC and perceptions of its effectiveness: user characteristics (ie, physical and mental health syndrome and perceived social difficulties), selection factors (ie, safety, avoidance motivation, accessibility, and expectation), factors perceived to increase effectiveness (ie, general therapeutic benefits, positive modality and service factors, and persisting with counseling to increase benefit), and factors perceived to decrease effectiveness (ie, negative modality and service factors, and persisting with counseling despite benefit). Conclusions Participants were motivated to use TBOC to increase their sense of safety in response to negative perceptions of their social skills and the response of the online counsellor to their presenting problem. By using TBOC services, they also sought to improve their access to mental health services that better met their expectations. Factors that increased effectiveness of TBOC were the counsellor’s interpersonal skills, use of text-based communication, and persisting with beneficial counseling sessions. Factors that reduced TBOC effectiveness were poor timeliness in response to service requests, experiencing no change in their presenting problem, not knowing what postcounseling action to take, and persisting with ineffective counseling sessions.
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Brenna, Elenka, Diana Araja, and Derek F. H. Pheby. "Comparative Survey of People with ME/CFS in Italy, Latvia, and the UK: A Report on Behalf of the Socioeconomics Working Group of the European ME/CFS Research Network (EUROMENE)." Medicina 57, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030300.
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Background and Objectives: A comparative survey of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients was carried out in three countries, with the aim of identifying appropriate policy measures designed to alleviate the burden of disease both on patients and their families, and also on public institutions. The survey addressed demographic features, the economic impact of the disease on household incomes, patterns of medical and social care, specific therapies, social relationships, and the impact of the illness on quality of life. Materials and Methods: Parallel surveys were undertaken in Italy, Latvia, and the UK. There were 88 completed responses from Italy, 75 from Latvia, and 448 from the UK. To facilitate comparisons, 95% confidence intervals were calculated in respect of responses to questions from all three countries. To explore to what extent general practitioners (GPs) manage ME/CFS disease, a separate questionnaire for GPs, with questions about the criteria for granting a diagnosis, laboratory examinations, the involvement of specialists, and methods of treatment, was undertaken in Latvia, and there were 91 completed responses from GPs. Results: The results are presented in respect of sociodemographic information, household income, disease progression and management, perceived effectiveness of treatment, responsibility for medical care, personal care, difficulty explaining the illness, and quality of life. Demographic details were similar in all three countries, and the impact of illness on net household incomes and quality of life. There were significant differences between the three countries in illness progression and management, which may reflect differences in patterns of health care and in societal attitudes. Graded exercise therapy, practiced in the UK, was found to be universally ineffective. Conclusions: There were similarities between respondents in all three countries in terms of demographic features, the impact of the illness on household incomes and on quality of life, and on difficulties experienced by respondents in discussing their illness with doctors, but also differences in patterns of medical care, availability of social care, and societal attitudes to ME/CFS.
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Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L., Scott P. Oltman, Larry Rand, Karen A. Scott, Miriam Kuppermann, Rebecca Baer, April Bell, et al. "Examining the Impact of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Pandemic-Related Hardship on Adverse Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes: Design and Launch of the HOPE COVID-19 Study." Reproductive Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed1020007.
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The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread and worsen in many parts of the world. As the pandemic grows, it is especially important to understand how the virus and the pandemic are affecting pregnant women and infants. While early data suggested that being infected with the virus did not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes, as more information has emerged, it has become clear that risks for some adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes are increased (e.g., preterm birth, cesarean section, respiratory distress, and hospitalization). The Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone in the time of novel coronavirus disease-19 (HOPE COVID-19) study is a multi-year, prospective investigation designed to better understand how the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 impact adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. The study also examines how the pandemic exacerbates existing hardships such as social isolation, economic destabilization, job loss, housing instability, and/or family member sickness or death among minoritized and marginalized communities. Specifically, the study examines how pandemic-related hardships impact clinical outcomes and characterizes the experiences of Black, Latinx and low-income groups compared to those in other race/ethnicity and socioeconomic stratum. The study includes two nested cohorts. The survey only cohort will enroll 7500 women over a two-year period. The survey+testing cohort will enroll 2500 women over this same time period. Participants in both cohorts complete short surveys daily using a mobile phone application about COVID-19-related symptoms (e.g., fever and cough) and complete longer surveys once during each trimester and at 6–8 weeks and 6, 12 and 18 months after delivery that focus on the health and well-being of mothers and, after birth, of infants. Participants in the survey+testing cohort also have testing for SARS-CoV-2 and related antibodies during pregnancy and after birth as well as testing that looks at inflammation and for the presence of other infections like Influenza and Rhinovirus. Study results are expected to be reported on a rolling basis and will include quarterly reporting for participants and public health partners as well as more traditional scientific reporting.
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Strand, Elin Bolle, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Leiv Sandvik, Ingrid B. Helland, Semhar Abraham, and Lise Solberg Nes. "Pain is associated with reduced quality of life and functional status in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 19, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0095.
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Abstract Background and aims Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is challenging to live with, often accompanied by pervasive fatigue and pain, accompanied by decreased quality of life (QoL) as well as anxiety and/or depression. Associations between higher pain, lower QoL and higher anxiety and depression have been shown in patients with various chronic pain disorders. Few studies have however examined such associations in a sample of patients with ME/CFS. The aims of the current study were to examine the impact of pain levels and compare levels of pain, health related QoL, anxiety and depression between patients with ME/CFS and healthy controls. In addition, the study aimed and to examine these relationships within the patient group only. Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire based study comparing 87 well-diagnosed patients with ME/CFS with 94 healthy controls. The De Paul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Surveys (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to examine and compare pain, physical function, QoL, anxiety and depression in patients and healthy controls. Further the pain variables were divided into pain total, pain intensity and a pain frequency score for analyses of the above mentioned variables within the patient group only. Results Significantly higher levels of pain, anxiety and depression, and lower levels of QoL were found in the patient group compared with healthy controls. For the patient group alone, pain was significantly associated with lower QoL in terms of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health functioning, vitality and social functioning capacity. In this patient sample, only frequency of joint pain showed significant difference in psychological variables such as depression and anxiety – depression combined. Conclusions ME/CFS patients differ significantly from healthy controls in pain, health related QoL, anxiety and depression. Pain is significantly associated with reduced QoL and overall a lower level of functioning. The relation between pain and anxiety and depression appears less clear. Implications Pain is for many ME/CFS patients associated with reduced physical functioning and reduced QoL. A thorough pain assessment can therefore be essential for clinicians, and subsequent medical pain treatment combined with good pain coping skills may increase functioning level and QoL for these patients. The link between joint pain and psychological factors should also be focused in clinical practice in terms of mapping and counseling. Pain should be further examined to understand the importance it may have for functioning level as reduced function is a main criteria when diagnosing the patients.
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Ul ain, Noor. "COVID-19 REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THE DRUGS USED FOR COVID-19 OUTBREAK." Journal of University Medical & Dental College 12, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v12i1.488.
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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:
The recent global health threat is the outbreak of a viral infectious disease caused by SARS-COV2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus). The origin of this outbreak is from the animal market in Wuhan, China. So, it is considered as zoonotic in origin as its mode of transmission is from animals to human. This outbreak is similar to previous outbreaks of coronavirus like SARS-COV (Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome) and MERS-COV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). Until now different pharmacological drugs have been used to mitigate the symptoms of the COVID-19 throughout the world. There is no specific medication prescribed as the treatment of this disease. However, pharmacological drugs and immune boosting dietary therapies have been proved effective in treatment strategies.
METHODOLOGY:
The latest epidemiological articles, research articles, review articles, WHO guidelines and news proceedings are selected in this review. Articles were searched under the keyword search of COVID-19, drugs for COVID-19, latest COVID-19 research, surveys for covid-19. PubMed, Lancet, Elsevier, BMJ and CDC were used to accumulate the latest findings.
RESULTS:
There is no vaccine or other proper treatment available for this infectious disease but the symptomatic treatment is usually given to the infected person as the use of certain pharmacological as well as traditional drugs are given to reduce the symptoms associated with this disease. Furthermore, COVID-19 serious patients on ventilator are treated with the plasma therapy as with the antibiotics from the plasma of recovered patients is also in use to reduce mortality rate.
CONCLUSION:
To prevent this infectious disease it is important to avoid the person-to-person transmission which is mainly via coughing, sneezing, droplets of the respiration, direct contact with the infected person. So, the social distancing and self-quarantine is preferred to avoid the spread of this infectious disease. The drugs which are commonly used to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of COVID-19 are Paracetamol, Aspirin/Loprin, Dabigatran, Azithromycin, Famotidine, Ipratopium bromide, Dexamethasone,Tocilizumab, and Moxifloxacin. These drugs have been practiced by the practitioners to treat the symptoms of covid-19. However no pertinent drug has been approved as a cure of covid-19.
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Bowman-Smart, Hilary, Julian Savulescu, Cara Mand, Christopher Gyngell, Mark D. Pertile, Sharon Lewis, and Martin B. Delatycki. "‘Is it better not to know certain things?’: views of women who have undergone non-invasive prenatal testing on its possible future applications." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105167.
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Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is at the forefront of prenatal screening. Current uses for NIPT include fetal sex determination and screening for chromosomal disorders such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). However, NIPT may be expanded to many different future applications. There are a potential host of ethical concerns around the expanding use of NIPT, as examined by the recent Nuffield Council report on the topic. It is important to examine what NIPT might be used for before these possibilities become consumer reality. There is limited research exploring views of women on possible future uses of NIPT, particularly those of women who have undergone NIPT. In this study, we examined the views of women who undertook NIPT previously on the acceptability of and interest levels in using NIPT for a number of current and possible future applications. These included several medical conditions encompassing psychiatric, neurodevelopmental and adult-onset conditions as well as non-medical traits such as intelligence. One thousand women were invited to participate and 235 eligible surveys were received. Women generally reported an interest in using NIPT for medical conditions that severely impacted quality of life and with an onset earlier in life and stressed the importance of the accuracy of the test. Concerns were raised about the use of NIPT for non-medical traits. Respondents indicated that termination of pregnancy was not their only reason for testing, particularly in the case of sex. These results can further inform the ethical debate around the increasing integration of NIPT into healthcare systems.
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King, David J., Martina C. Murphy, Rodney A. Schmidt, Matthew Lesser, Alice Houk, Ellen Salkeld, and Christopher R. Cogle. "Differing Perceptions between Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Patients and Providers Regarding Blood Transfusions." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123474.
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Background: According to claims-based studies, a minority of MDS patients receive disease-modifying therapy. Unfortunately, these studies are limited by design in describing the shared decision-making process between MDS patients and their physicians in choosing supportive care, such as blood transfusions. Therefore, we surveyed and interviewed transfusion-dependent (TD) MDS patients and MDS physicians about the choice and use of supportive care, blood transfusions, and chemotherapy. Methods: Nearly 300 TD-MDS patients and MDS physicians were surveyed or interviewed under an IRB exempt protocol (WIRB). Semi-structured interviews of 15 patients and 10 providers were conducted between July and December of 2018 to inform survey development. Patients and providers within the AAMDSIF database were then invited via email and social media to participate in anonymous surveys. Survey respondents were entered into a lottery to receive a $50 gift card. Each interviewed patient was offered a $25 gift card and each provider interviewee was offered a $50 gift card. Survey 1 queried MDS patients who self-reported they had been TD, defined as 2 or more blood transfusions within a 2-month timespan, at some time since 2014. Between September 2018 and February 2019, 157 TD-MDS patients responded. Primary variables of interest included patient age, sex, use of disease-modifying therapies, use of chelating agents, and frequency of blood transfusions. Survey 2 queried providers who regularly manage TD-MDS patients (n=109). Nominal and ordinal variables were tested for possible association by the Goodman-Kruskal tau statistic. Results: Demographics and baseline disease characteristics of TD-MDS patients are shown in Table 1. In brief, the patient cohort had a median age of 69 years (range, 36-83), male 51%, and a greater proportion of low and low-intermediate IPSS risk. Nearly half of patients were unaware of their IPSS risk group. The majority (57%) of patients were TD within the past 2 months of answering the survey. Two-thirds of patients received care from an MDS specialist. MDS providers practiced in academic medical centers (61%), community hematology/oncology specialty practices (17%), community urban hospitals (10%), community suburban hospitals (5%), and rural community hospitals (4%), with some providers practicing in multiple locations. On a monthly basis, the majority (85%) of providers cared for up to 10 patients with TD-MDS. The highest ranked patient concerns about blood transfusions were transfusion reaction and iron overload. Concern for the more common risk of bacterial infection ranked 5th and was least often selected as the most important concern to patients. Approximately half of patients reported use of an iron chelating agent. On qualitative interview, most patients did not recall a discussion with their physician regarding the risks of blood transfusions, despite providers reporting they regularly educate patients and ask for informed consent. Further, although 98% of patients visited their MDS care provider at least quarterly, 48% stated they had not discussed alternatives to blood transfusion with their provider. Many patients held the sentiment there was "no choice to be made" in receiving blood transfusions. While providers said blood transfusions as primary management of MDS was rare, they reported they would recommend transfusions as stand-alone therapy in settings of patient preference for supportive therapy only, failure of ESAs, patient desire for transfusion-only therapy, and older patient age. Most patients (65%) ranked their quality of life positively, with 6% ranking excellent. The majority (58%) of patients drove themselves to their transfusion clinic, and 54% of patients traveled greater than 10 miles to these visits. Older age significantly associated with higher transfusion frequency (G-Test = 31.318, χ2 df = 18, p-value = 0.02644), but not with use of disease-modifying therapy. The presence of comorbidities was not associated with either transfusion frequency or active therapy. No significant association was found between patient income and either transfusion frequency, BMT, or administration of HMAs. Conclusions: MDS patients and physicians hold differing perceptions about the choice to receive and risks of receiving blood transfusions. Appraisal and optimization of the informed consent process between TD-MDS patients and physicians are needed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Poh, William, Jonathan M. Payne, Alisha Gulenc, and Daryl Efron. "Chronic tic disorders in children with ADHD." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 9 (January 9, 2018): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314139.
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ObjectiveTo examine in a community-based cohort: (1) the prevalence of chronic tic disorder (CTD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with non-ADHD controls at ages 7 and 10; and (2) the additional psychiatric and functional burden of CTD in children with ADHD.MethodsChildren aged 6–8 years with ADHD (n=179) and controls (n=212) were recruited through 43 Victorian schools using parent and teacher screening surveys (Conners 3 ADHD Index), followed by case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (DISC-IV)). CTD was identified using the DISC-IV categories chronic motor tic disorder, chronic vocal tic disorder or Tourette syndrome at baseline and 36-month follow-up. Internalising and externalising disorders, social functioning, academic performance and quality of life were also measured. Tests of proportions and independent t-tests were used to compare the ADHD+CTD group with sex-matched ADHD alone children.ResultsCompared with controls, children with ADHD were 4.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 14.1) times more likely to have CTD at age 7, and 5.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 17.9) times more likely at age 10. Children with ADHD+CTD experienced higher rates of internalising disorders and peer problems, and poorer quality of life than those with ADHD alone.ConclusionsCTD prevalence is higher in children with ADHD compared with controls, and confers substantial additional psychiatric and functional burden. Clinicians need to consider CTD in both the initial assessment and ongoing management of children with ADHD, and address both the symptoms and the associated impairments.
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Crandall, Laura Gould, Laura Reno, Barbara Himes, and Deborah Robinson. "The Diagnostic Shift of SIDS to Undetermined: Are There Unintended Consequences?" Academic Forensic Pathology 7, no. 2 (June 2017): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.022.
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Over the last two decades, a diagnostic shift in regards to the certification of sudden deaths in infancy has emerged with reassignment of deaths previously certified as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to a trend utilizing the classification of undetermined or asphyxia. The consequences of this shift outside the medicolegal death investigation (MDI) community is unknown. We surveyed US organizations working in the field of sudden infant death as well as bereaved parents to understand their perceptions of the current diagnostic trends. Two online anonymous surveys were utilized. Sixty-seven organizations and 55 parents with an infant death diagnosis of SIDS, sudden unexplained infant death (SUID), undetermined, or asphyxia participated. Just over 50% (34/67) of the organizations perceived the shift had an effect on their organization including barriers to bereavement support and education. Forty percent (22/55) of parent respondents stated they did not understand the final diagnosis of their infant's death. The highest frequency of themes elicited from parents were frustration that the diagnosis (regardless of terminology) did not fully explain the death, detrimental mental health effects, and negative perceptions towards the medical and public health communities. However, parents of children whose death was classified as SIDS were spared from negative perceptions towards the medical field, described the least amount of confusion, and reported the most instances of positives effects. Legal implications, perceived social stigmas, and research obstacles were also described. Recommendations from this study include the integration of collaborative efforts to combat sudden infant death with all stakeholders, in and outside of MDI, to achieve better understanding and eradication of these tragedies, improved public education, and effective care of all bereaved.
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Emodi-Perlman, Alona, Ilana Eli, Joanna Smardz, Nir Uziel, Gniewko Wieckiewicz, Efrat Gilon, Natalia Grychowska, and Mieszko Wieckiewicz. "Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism Outbreak as a Possible Factor of Orofacial Pain Worsening during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Concomitant Research in Two Countries." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103250.
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Background: In late December 2019, a new pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection began to spread around the world. The new situation gave rise to severe health threats, economic uncertainty, and social isolation, causing potential deleterious effects on people’s physical and mental health. These effects are capable of influencing oral and maxillofacial conditions, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism, which could further aggravate the orofacial pain. Two concomitant studies aimed to evaluate the effect of the current pandemic on the possible prevalence and worsening of TMD and bruxism symptoms among subjects selected from two culturally different countries: Israel and Poland. Materials and Methods: Studies were conducted as cross-sectional online surveys using similar anonymous questionnaires during the lockdown practiced in both countries. The authors obtained 700 complete responses from Israel and 1092 from Poland. In the first step, data concerning TMDs and bruxism were compared between the two countries. In the second step, univariate analyses (Chi2) were performed to investigate the effects of anxiety, depression, and personal concerns of the Coronavirus pandemic, on the symptoms of TMD, and bruxism symptoms and their possible aggravation. Finally, multivariate analyses (logistic regression models) were carried out to identify the study variables that had a predictive value on TMD, bruxism, and symptom aggravation in the two countries. Results: The results showed that the Coronavirus pandemic has caused significant adverse effects on the psychoemotional status of both Israeli and Polish populations, resulting in the intensification of their bruxism and TMD symptoms. Conclusions: The aggravation of the psychoemotional status caused by the Coronavirus pandemic can result in bruxism and TMD symptoms intensification and thus lead to increased orofacial pain.
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Kurtin, Sandra E., Eunice Chang, and Tanya GK Bentley. "Quality of Life Burden Among Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Analysis of Survey Data." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1303.1303.
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Abstract Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a group of clonal myeloid malignancies primarily affecting the elderly and resulting in limited survival and poor quality of life. A previous survey of MDS patients demonstrated that lower hemoglobin (Hgb) levels and platelet counts are associated with worsening quality of life.1 We conducted a follow-up survey to: Examine the relationships between MDS patients’ quality of life and Hgb/platelet levels;Evaluate changes in these outcomes over time. Methods:The MDS Foundation recruited MDS patients between July 2013 and June 2014 to complete a one-time, web-based questionnaire. The survey included questions about patient demographics, disease risk (i.e., International Prognostic Scoring System [IPSS] score), and MDS characteristics. Quality of life was assessed using the standardized Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-General (FACT-G; total score and Physical, Social/Family, Emotional, and Functional Well-Being subscales) and Thrombocytopenia scales, all of which were evaluated according to published scoring algorithms. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and statistical testing was conducted to compare FACT-G scores by categories of Hgb levels and platelet counts. Proportions and comparative results exclude missing data. Results: A total of 727 patients participated in the survey. More than half (58%; 331/570) of those who reported an MDS diagnosis date had been diagnosed for <3 years. Among patients who provided demographic data, patients were on average 68 years of age (n=502), 47% female (234/502), and 90% Caucasian/white (452/503). Over half of respondents (56%; 277/495) had completed 4+ years of college, and 20% (97/498) reported working full or part-time. Less than half (45%; 327/727) reported knowledge of their IPSS risk score; of these, 72% (237/327) were lower risk (IPSS “low” and “intermediate 1”) and 28% (90/327) were higher (IPSS “intermediate 2” and “high”). On a scale of 0 to 108, mean FACT-G total score was 73.1 among all respondents, 75.5 among those with lower IPSS risk, and 72.2 with higher risk. FACT-G total and subscale scores were generally higher among patients with Hgb≥9. Significant differences (p<0.01) by Hgb level existed in all subscales except Social/Family Well-Being (p=0.718), and by platelet count (p<0.02) for all except Social/Family (p=0.795) and Emotional Well-Being (p=0.141). Compared with respondents of the prior survey, current patients were: older (mean age: 68 vs. 63 years); more likely to be female (47% vs. 43%), Caucasian/white (90% vs. 83%), and completed 4+ years of college (56% vs. 40%); and less likely to be working full or part-time (20% vs. 33%). Fewer current than prior patients reported knowledge of their IPSS risk score (45% vs. 53%); of these, more current than prior patients were higher IPSS risk (28% vs. 21%). Results from both surveys indicated significant differences (p<0.01) by Hgb level in all FACT-G subscales except Social/Family Well-Being. Platelet counts significantly impacted the Functional and Thrombocytopenia but not Social/Family subscales in both surveys, and their impact on the Physical and Emotional subscales changed over time. Conclusions: The MDS patient population has changed somewhat but not dramatically in recent years. Their slightly older age and higher IPSS risk may in part explain why current patients are less likely than prior patients to be working, despite their higher education level. Hgb levels and platelet counts significantly impacted most aspects of MDS patients’ quality of life over both time periods. Until therapy options that minimize symptomatic cytopenias become available, more research is needed to identify better ways to improve the physical, functional, and emotional well being of symptomatic MDS patients. Focusing the attention of physicians, family members, and other MDS support structures on these aspects of patient care will benefit patients and their caregivers alike. References Kurtin S & Demakos E. Disease Burden and Treatment Impact associated with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Initial Estimates. Leukemia Research, May 2011(S) – Proceedings of the 11th International Myelodysplastic Syndrome Symposia. Abstract 560. Disclosures Kurtin: Celgene, Millenium, Onyx, TEVA, Onconova, Incyte: Consultancy. Chang:Partnership for Health Analytic Research (PHAR): Employment, I am an employee of PHAR, LLC, which was paid by MDS Foundation to conduct the analyses described in this abstract. Other. Bentley:Partnership for Health Analytic Research (PHAR): Employment, I am an employee of PHAR, LLC, which was paid by MDS Foundation to conduct the analyses described in this abstract. Other.
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Szwamel, Katarzyna, Małgorzata Szerszeń, Joanna Siekierka, and Agnieszka Kotowska. "College students’ attitudes towards prohealth behavior and alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy." Medical Science Pulse 14, SUPPLEMENT 1 (January 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6432.
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Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances among students. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the level of pro-health behaviors among college students, and their opinions on alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy. Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students in Opole secondary schools. Diagnostic surveys were used, which included the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Results: Forty-six percent (n = 105) of the 228 students presented with very low levels of pro-health behaviors and 57.46% (n = 131) of students endorsed alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past. Most of the students (n = 215; 94.3%) claimed that a baby’s father should have an impact on pro-health behaviors of his pregnant female partner. There were, however, divergent opinions on the permissibility of alcohol consumption by a mother-to-be and a potential father while planning to become pregnant. The students were more likely to report that drinking is acceptable among potential fathers as compared to mothers (35.52% vs. 22.37%). Students also pointed out the need to spread knowledge about fetal alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Finally, students reported that their families and teachers were the best sources of knowledge on the potential harmful effects of alcohol, including FAS. Conclusions: There is high accessibility and social acceptance of alcohol consumption, in conjunction with low and average levels of pro-health behaviors among most young adults. Further, most young adults have experienced alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past and the opinions on the acceptance of alcohol consumption by potential fathers and mothers while planning a baby. Together, these patterns may be associated with an increased risk of FAS. The students pointed to a strong need for more information about FAS, and indicated that their families and schools as the most desired sources of this information. These results may can be used to create an educational strategy for students aimed at FAS prophylaxis.
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Szwamel, Katarzyna, Małgorzata Szerszeń, Joanna Siekierka, and Agnieszka Kotowska. "College students’ attitudes towards prohealth behavior and alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy." Medical Science Pulse 14, SUPPLEMENT 1 (January 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6432.
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Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances among students. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the level of pro-health behaviors among college students, and their opinions on alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy. Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students in Opole secondary schools. Diagnostic surveys were used, which included the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Results: Forty-six percent (n = 105) of the 228 students presented with very low levels of pro-health behaviors and 57.46% (n = 131) of students endorsed alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past. Most of the students (n = 215; 94.3%) claimed that a baby’s father should have an impact on pro-health behaviors of his pregnant female partner. There were, however, divergent opinions on the permissibility of alcohol consumption by a mother-to-be and a potential father while planning to become pregnant. The students were more likely to report that drinking is acceptable among potential fathers as compared to mothers (35.52% vs. 22.37%). Students also pointed out the need to spread knowledge about fetal alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Finally, students reported that their families and teachers were the best sources of knowledge on the potential harmful effects of alcohol, including FAS. Conclusions: There is high accessibility and social acceptance of alcohol consumption, in conjunction with low and average levels of pro-health behaviors among most young adults. Further, most young adults have experienced alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past and the opinions on the acceptance of alcohol consumption by potential fathers and mothers while planning a baby. Together, these patterns may be associated with an increased risk of FAS. The students pointed to a strong need for more information about FAS, and indicated that their families and schools as the most desired sources of this information. These results may can be used to create an educational strategy for students aimed at FAS prophylaxis.
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Cahyadi, Agus, and Muhammad Arief Kurniawan. "Penerapan Arsitektur Perilaku Pada Perancangan Panti Rehabilitasi Untuk Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS Di Sleman." Vitruvian 8, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2019.v8i3.001.
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ABSTRAK HIV dan AIDS (Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan masalah global. Kurangnya pengetahuan akan cara penularan virus HIV dan pengobatan terhadap ODHA di Indonesia, membuat semakin meningkatnya kasus HIV dan AIDS setiap tahunnya dan muncul berbagai stigma negatif dari masyarakat terhadap ODHA. Dengan adanya stigma negatif dari masyarakat lain terhadap penyakitnya membuat ODHA memiliki rasa takut, tidak percaya diri, marah, malu dan kecewa pada dirinya sendiri. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan arsitektur perilaku. Beberapa data awal yang telah ditemukan pada survei awal, dikembangkan dalam survei lanjutan. Data-data tersebut kemudian diperdalam dan dikembangkan melalui serangkaian survei yang dilakukan berulang kali. Proses analisis merupakan bagian yang menyatu dengan proses observasi data. Dari proses ini kemudian dibangun konstruksi teori dari lapangan. Untuk memenuhi semua kebutuhan dalam proses rehabilitasi diperlukan penataan ruang yang baik agar hubungan antar ruang dapat mendukung semua kegiatan yang terjadi dalam proses tersebut. Selain itu juga, untuk menciptakan suasana rehabilitasi maka diperlukan lingkungan yang baik dalam perancangan panti rehabilitasi agar pasien dapat berinteraksi dengan sesama pasien dengan baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, merancang sebuah bangunan panti rehabilitasi untuk orang dengan HIV/AIDS agar mampu mengembalikan fungsi sosial ODHA di dalam masyarakat dengan pendekatan arsitektur perilaku.Kata Kunci : Arsitektur Perilaku, HIV dan AIDS, Panti Rehabilitasi ABSTRACTHIV and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are global issues. A limited knowledge of HIV transmission and treatment for people with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia has increased the number of HIV/AIDS cases annually and made the society stigmatize people with HIV/AIDS. Such stigma has made people with HIV/AIDS feel frightened, unconfident, ashamed, and disappointed with themselves. The designing method used in this thesis was the behavioral architecture. Some preliminary data from an initial survey was developed in the follow-up survey. Such data was then further studied and developed through a series of repeated surveys. The analysis process became an integral part of the data observation process. Thereafter, a theory was constructed based on the field data processing. To fulfill all the needs of rehabilitation process, a well-designed spatial planning is required, so the relationship between spaces can support all the activities in the process. In addition, to support the atmosphere of rehabilitation, a good environment is required in designing a rehabilitation center to allow patients to interact well with each other. To conclude, a rehabilitation center for people with HIV/AIDS was designed to restore the social function of people with HIV/AIDS in society based on behavioral architecture. Keywords: Behavioral Architecture, HIV and AIDS, Rehabilitation Center
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Borshchuk, E. L., S. A. Smirnova, A. A. Kalininskaya, N. A. Bayanova, and D. V. Rassokha. "Emotional burnout of a district doctor." Manager Zdravoochranenia, no. 1 (2021): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2021-1-64-71.
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Based on the results of assessments of the dependences of the level of psychoemotional load of a primary care physician (PHC) (district physician) on medical and social problems related to the conditions of his activity, measures have been developed for stress resistance and health saving of a district physician (VTU). The Orenburg region with a population of almost 2 million people was the pilot territory (base) for the study. The region has 12 cities and 35 rural districts, the share of the rural population is 40.1%. Research materials und methods: sociological, direct observation, statistical: 1014 questionnaires of survey of district physicians (93% of the total number of VTU) were subjected to statistical processing. The study included 4 stages. At the first stage, sociological surveys of district physicians working in medical organizations located in urban and rural settlements were carried out (568 and 446 VTU, respectively). At the second stage of the study, the level of psychoemotional burnout was assessed using the modified method of V. V. Boyko (2010) “Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout”. At the third stage of the study, we calculated the statistically significant correlation of the symptom of professional burnout (SPEV) with factors related to medical and social problems of the professional activity of the local GP. At the fourth stage of the study, a set of measures has been developed and is being implemented to increase emotional stability in the professional activity of the local GP. Relevance. WHO classifies occupational stress as a disease of the twentieth century, which can manifest itself in any profession and can reach the size of a “global epidemic”. The accumulation of negative emotions in the profession of a doctor can lead to psycho-emotional exhaustion and the formation of the syndrome of “emotional burnout”. A necessary quality of a primary care physician is emotional stability. This is the ability to overcome a state of excessive emotional arousal. Of particular importance is the development of professional burnout and the assessment of professional stability for district physicians who make first contact with the patient. Results. Measures have been developed to increase the effectiveness of emotional (professional) stability in the activities of VTU. Conclusion: Emotional stability in the doctor’s work allows you to maintain and further increase the effectiveness of professional activities. The obtained research results were used for the development of the “program for the modernization of health care in the Orenburg region”. They were used in the development of the Software product of the Ministry of health of the Orenburg region.
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Hamada, Nozomi, Fumihito Tajima, Masumi Sakuno, Kumiko Tanabe, Rika Hasegawa, Michiyo Fuse, Toshio Kawatani, Tetsuo Yamamoto, and Masae Higashimori. "The Influence Of Dietary Restriction On Quality Of Life In The Patients With Hematological Malignancies Who Received Chemotherapy: A Single-Institution Study." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5586.5586.
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Abstract Introduction In decades past, patients with chemotherapy were treated with severed sterile or low-bacteria diets, and after chemotherapy, diet control was sometimes continued for some months. Sterile diets do not have a place in diet management today because of improved antimicrobial therapies, lack of evidence to demonstrate efficacy. Nonetheless, some form of diet restriction to minimize acquisition of organisms from food sources and food handlers is common. We investigated the influence of teaching for diet restrictions on quality of life (QOL) during and after chemotherapy in patients with hematological malignancies. Methods From September 2007 to May 2013 at Yonago Medical Center, all patients with chemotherapy received the education about dietary restriction using the diet and food safety guideline for the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients of The Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. And those patients are advised to follow diet precautions for 6 months after chemotherapy and allogeneic graft patients with HSCT for 6 months after termination of immunosuppressive drugs. Patients and caregivers require education on food safety practices before chemotherapy were started. 95 patients were investigated in this study. We performed the questionnaire to the patients twice (initial and follow-up surveys) at intervals of one year in May, 2013 from April, 2012. 21 patients were in the period of dietary restriction (initial), and one year afterward (follow-up) (phase 1), and 74 patients were in the time of dietary restriction being canceled (initial), and one year afterward (follow-up) (phase 2). We divide the dietary feeling over dietary restriction into observance, pain, illusion, and uneasiness and evaluated four scores of each. To assess QOL, the Medical Outcomes Study Form-36 was used. We analyzed changes in dietary feeling scores, QOL scores, and body mass index (BMI) between initial and follow-up, and between phase 1 and phase 2. We confirmed that scores of the dietary feeling showed significantly correlation to QOL scores, carrying out the questionnaire to 90 outpatients with hematological disorders who did not received chemotherapy. Results The patients included 10 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 7 with myelodysplastic syndrome, 3 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 with chronic lymphoid leukemia, 10 with multiple myeloma, 60 with malignant lymphoma, and 2 with others. 29 patients underwent HSCT. In phase 1, the Role-Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), and Social Functioning (SF) scores increased significantly (all, P<0.05) from initial to follow-up. We could not find any differences in phase 2. We analyzed the changes in scores from the initial to follow-up surveys. Among phase 1 and phase 2 patients, BMI, Physical Functioning (PF), RP, BP, General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), SF, Role-Emotional (RE), Mental Health (MH), and Role-Social component (RCS) reported worsening in changes (all, P<0.05). In phase 1, the change of BP scores from initial to follow-up significantly correlate with the dietary feeling scores (p=0.0118, r=564). Other QOL scores did not show significant correlation with dietary feeling scores. The changes on dietary feeling scores from the initial to follow-up at phase1 were seemed to be higher than those at phase 2, however, the changes in phase 1 and phase 2 were 1.3 and 0.3 (respectively, not significance). Conclusion From the period of dietary restriction to one year afterward of dietary restriction being canceled, QOL scores and the pain by dietary restriction has improved. After that time, in one year observation, an improvement of those scores was not found. The correlation between the changes of QOL and those of dietary feeling was not found except only BP. On the other hand, scores of the dietary feeling showed significantly correlation to QOL scores of the patients without chemotherapy. By diet and food safety education by nurses, the patients who receives chemotherapy understood the necessity for diet restriction. Our results suggest that dietary restriction has not directly influenced lowering QOL of patients with chemotherapy. If diet and food safety education is required for a chemotherapy, we may perform dietary restriction positively, although, it cannot predict from this study what restriction can prevent infection. In the future, the dietary restriction should make it clear at what kind of it is required. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Barnholt, Kimberly E., David A. Hinds, Amy K. Kiefer, Chuong B. Do, Nicholas Eriksson, Joanna L. Mountain, Uta Francke, et al. "Estimation of JAK2 V617F Prevalence by Detection of the Mutation in Saliva Samples From Online MPN and General Population Cohorts." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1737.1737.
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Abstract Abstract 1737 Background: The somatic JAK2 V617F (V617F) mutation is found in approximately 95% of polycythemia vera (PV) and 50–60% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients. Detection of this mutation occurs primarily through genomic analysis of peripheral blood samples of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. This study demonstrates a novel broad screening mechanism for detection of V617F from myeloid cells in saliva samples from an online cohort of MPN patients and from a broader database of genotyped individuals. Methods: MPN patients were recruited primarily through social media and patient-mediated outreach efforts. Patients gave IRB-approved consent and completed surveys through an online 23andMe account. Participation in the MPN research initiative was free. In collaboration with an uncompensated panel of academic experts, online surveys were developed to collect patient-reported data on diagnosis and results of genetic testing for the V617F mutation. Participants were genotyped on SNP arrays based on the Illumina Omni Express, with additional custom content, including four probes for the V617F mutation. We estimated V617F mutation burden as the median across the four probes of B/(A+B) where A and B were normalized intensities for the reference and mutated alleles, respectively. We estimated sensitivity and specificity of our estimated V617F allele ratio, using the self-reported V617F-positive individuals to approximate the distribution of true positives, and 23andMe members from the broad database (outside of the MPN research cohort) and younger than 40 as likely true negatives. Results: Web-based recruitment efforts led to the accrual of over 900 MPN patients of different subtypes over 12 months. Of these participants, 745 patients have been genotyped and provided MPN-related health history and outcomes through online surveys. The cohort is disproportionately female (71%), with an average age of 53.1 ± 14.9 years. More than 57% of patients indicated a classic MPN diagnosis (PV, ET, PMF, or post PV/ET MF), 19.2% reported an atypical MPN diagnosis (systemic mastocytosis or hypereosinophilic syndrome), 14.5% indicated chronic myelogenous leukemia, and 9.3% of the cohort reported other diagnoses. From this MPN cohort, a total of 345 participants reported mutation test results. Consistent with expectations, the V617F variant was reported by patients in nearly all PV cases (105 of 110 patients with a self-reported diagnosis of PV), and at a lower rate in ET and MF cases (59 of 95 patients and 48 of 61 patients, respectively). In addition to self-reported data, we were specifically able to detect the V617F mutation using SNP array data. We determined a detection threshold for the V617F variant at which 86% of self-reported V617F carriers were scored as positive (i.e. test sensitivity), and 99.975% of young 23andMe customers were scored as negative (i.e. test specificity). Participants with a classic diagnosis in the MPN cohort who carry the V617F variant tended to be older (mean age=59.5 versus 54.6 years) and were less likely to be female (62.5% versus 72.0%) than non-carriers. At this threshold, we detected 133 individuals who likely carry the V617F mutation among a broader set of 23andMe participants (n= 99,700) who were not specifically recruited for the MPN study, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.14%. We estimated the positive predictive value of the test in this cohort, or the expected proportion of positive test results that are true, as 81%. Within the general 23andMe cohort, the frequency of the V617F variant increases with participant age, from a rate of 0.017% for age 20 to 30, to 1.1% for age 80 to 90. We also observed that patients with a high allele burden of V617F frequently had acquired uniparental disomy of chromosome 9p, as determined from calculated heterozygosity scores and no-call rates for this chromosomal arm. Conclusion: We can detect V617F with high specificity and sensitivity from myeloid cells in saliva. This non-invasive source for DNA extraction offers new possibilities for detecting genomic alterations and for finding novel genetic associations in MPN patients as well as the general population. This study demonstrates the feasibility of online technology to significantly accelerate recruitment and research progress in MPNs and other rare diseases. Disclosures: Barnholt: 23andMe, Inc.: Employment. Hinds:23andMe: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Kiefer:23andMe, Inc.: Employment. Do:23andMe, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Eriksson:23andMe, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Mountain:23andMe, Inc.: Consultancy, Employment, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties. Francke:23andMe, Inc.: Employment, Honoraria, Research Funding; Locus Development: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Tung:23andMe, Inc.: Employment. Mesa:23andMe, Inc.: Unpaid advisor and collaborator Other. Gotlib:23andMe, Inc.: Unpaid advisor and collaborator Other. Zehnder:23andMe, Inc.: Unpaid advisor and collaborator Other.
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Błaszkowski, Tomasz, Józef Kładny, Tariq Al-Amawi, Krystian Kaczmarek, Marcin Kwietniak, Piotr Wojtasik, Mirosław Halczak, Tomasz Michalak, Karol Jezierski, and Mariusz Chmialak. "Factors determining the quality of life in patients undergoing radical surgery due to malignant tumors of the rectum." Polish Journal of Surgery 93, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8131.
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Introduction: Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries. However, despite the increasingly better preoperative diagnostics, adaptation of surgical techniques to the location and advancement of the tumor, the combination of surgical treatment with neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant treatment, standardized control tests, Poland still has not obtained satisfactory results regarding long-term survival. In addition, the effects of the therapy often differ significantly from those expected by patients and the doctors treating them. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effects of rectal cancer treatment among patients of the General and Oncological Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. The impact of numerous factors on postoperative quality of life was analyzed. Material and methods: Between 2007 - 2015, 263 radical resection procedures were performed in patients with diagnosed rectal cancer. Retrospectively, based on medical records, a database was created covering a range of clinical data. Information about death dates of some patients was obtained at the Registry Office in Szczecin. A survey supplementing clinical data and standardized quality of life assessment forms (EORTC QLQ - C30 and CR29) were sent to 120 living patients. A telephone conversation was carried out with some patients who did not respond to the surveys. Finally, data from 90 people was collected, which represents 75% of the patients enrolled in the study. Patients quality of life was assessed using EORTC questionnaire evaluation guides. Results: The patients quality of life worsened the most as a result of anorectal dysfunction. Incontinence of gases and stool, urgency and difficulty in defecation were demonstrated primarily in patients undergoing low rectal resection and irradiation. Patients undergoing radiotherapy, as a result of persistent low anterior resection syndrome, were forced to partially or completely withdraw from professional activity and to limit the pursuit of their interests. Their contacts with family, friends and acquaintances have also deteriorated. The presence of the intestinal stoma significantly affected the deterioration of the reception of the body's own image. However, no relation was found between the existence of the fistula and other aspects of the patients everyday life, including functioning in life and social roles. Conclusions: Due to the acceptable postoperative quality of life of patients with fistula and numerous imperfections of sphincter preserving techniques, operations resulting in terminal ostomy should not be considered as an extremity, and in the case of tumors of the lower rectum with unaffected sphincters, they should be considered as alternative methods for low anterior resection.
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Loarce-Martos, J., J. B. Lilleker, E. Alder, J. Goode, and H. Chinoy. "SAT0631-HPR WHEN CAN I STOP MY STEROIDS? THE PATIENT PERSPECTIVE ON GLUCOCORTICOID USAGE IN ADULT INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1275.1–1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1119.
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Background:Glucocorticoids (GC) are long established as a first line treatment in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), in which high dose, long duration treatment is often required. GC usage is associated with a wide range of adverse effects (AEs). The patient perspective on the risks and benefits of GCs is not well studied and no prior studies assesses this issue in IIM patients (1).Objectives:To describe the perspective of IIM patients on GC treatment.Methods:We deployed an online survey distributed using the Myositis UK page on Healthunlocked.com, an online social network for health, with approximately 450 patients registered. Patients with diagnosed IIM were invited to take part on an anonymised basis. Respondents were asked to grade the severity on a Likert scale (1 to 5) of all AEs experienced in relation to GC. Additionally, respondents were asked to write about their concerns and to rate their overall experience with GC treatment.Results:In total, 122 completed surveys were received. Forty five percent (55/122) of respondents had dermatomyositis, 27% (33/122) polymyositis, 10% (12/122) anti-synthetase syndrome, 18% (22/122) other inflammatory myopathies. Seventy-nine percent (96/122) of respondents were female and the mean age overall was 50 years (SD [standard deviation] 14).The median reported current daily dose of prednisolone was 15 mg and median treatment duration was 5.3 years at the time of survey completion. Females were more likely to stay on GCs for longer than males (5.4vs4.7 years, p=0.046).Table 1.Mean severity and frequency for each adverse effect.All respondents(n=122)Male(n=26)Female(n=96)<60 years(n=89)≥60 years(n=33)Moon face3.3 (1.9)2 (2.1)*3.6 (1.7)*3.5 (1.8)2.7 (2)Weight gain3.4 (1.7)3.1 (1.6)3.4 (1.8)3.5 (1.7)3.1 (1.9)Acne1.1 (1.5)1 (1.5)1.2 (1.6)1.3 (1.6)0.7 (1.2)Hair loss2 (1.8)0.8 (1.4)*2.4 (1.8)*2.2 (1.8)**1.5 (1.9)**Facial hair2.1 (1.8)0.7 (1.3)*2.5 (1.8)*2.3 (1.8)1.7 (1.8)Thin skin2.2 (1.9)1.8 (2)2.3 (1.8)2.2 (1.9)2.3 (1.9)Bruising2.2 (1.7)2.1 (1.9)2.2 (1.7)2.2 (1.7)2 (1.9)Stretch marks1.3 (1.9)0.9 (1.5)1.4 (1.8)1.5 (1.9)**0.6 (1.2)**Nausea1.4 (1.7)1.6 (1.8)1.4 (1.6)1.5 (1.6)1.2 (1.7)Heartburn1.9 (1.8)1.8 (1.9)1.9 (1.8)2 (1.8)1.5 (1.8)Hunger2.8 (1.7)2.2 (1.9)*3 (1.6)*3 (1.6)2.4 (2)Mood swings2.7 (1.6)2.1 (1.8)2.7 (1.5)2.8 (1.6)2.6 (1.6)Sleep disturbances3.1 (1.5)2.9 (1.7)3.2 (1.4)3.2 (1.5)3 (1.5)Cataracts0.6 (1.3)1.1 (1.8)0.5 (1.1)0.5 (1.2)1 (1.6)Glaucoma0.4 (1.1)0.6 (1.5)0.3 (0.9)0.4 (1)0.4 (1)Hypertension1.6 (1.7)1.8 (1.7)1.5 (1.7)1.5 (1.7)1.8 (1.8)Diabetes0.8 (1.6)1 (1.6)0.8 (1.6)0.7 (1.5)1 (1.8)Water retention2.2 (1.7)1.7 (1.6)2.3 (1.8)2.3 (1.8)1.9 (1.6)Infections2.2 (1.7)2.2 (1.8)2.2 (1.7)2.2 (1.7)2.1 (1.7)Fractures0.5 (1.1)0.5 (1.2)0.5 (1.1)0.5 (1.6)0.5 (1.1)Mean severity on a Likert scale (0-5), mean (SD);*p<0.05, male vs female; **p<0.05, <60 years vs ≥60 years.Frequency (number of patients reporting adverse effect as present), heatmap:White (0-33%), light grey (33-66%), dark grey (66-100%).The mean number of reported AEs to GC treatment per patient was 12 (SD 5). Female respondents reported a greater number of AEs compared to males (12.6vs10.1, p=0.019). The three most commonly experienced AEs were: sleep disturbance (93%), mood swings (86%) and weight gain (86%). Only 54% of respondents agreed that the information given about the potential risks of GC treatment was adequate. Mean severity and frequency of AEs is represented in table 1.Conclusion:Adverse effects are common, and those rated more severe by patients were physical and behavioural (such as weight gain or sleep disturbance). Female patients reported more severe AEs compared to men.References:[1]Van Der Goes MC, Jacobs JWG, Boers M, Andrews T, Blom-Bakkers MAM, Buttgereit F, et al. Patient and rheumatologist perspectives on glucocorticoids: An exercise to improve the implementation of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations on the management of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):1015–21.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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"Siting Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities: The NIMBY Syndrome, Kent E. Portney. 1991. Auburn House, Westport, CT. 200 pages. ISBN: 0-86569-016-2. $37.95." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 13, no. 2 (April 1993): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769301300231.
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