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Peterson, Therése. "Samspelet mellan ekologi, produktionsförhållande, politik och sociokulturella faktorer gällande Östersjöns torskbestånd från 1970-talet till 2003." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2401.
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The study begins with a historical background over the fisheries development in North America and in the Baltic Sea area in Finland and Sweden. As we can see the fisheries development depends on the interaction between ecology, state of production, politic and also social factors. In Sweden the fishery politic has changed over the period of the study. In the 1970: s the main politic focus was on the fisheries progress, expansion and rationalization. The State in Sweden took a vast part in this development and gave economic support. In the 1980: s the fishery politic in Sweden started to change and the environmental politics began to enter the fishery politic. The environmental problems in the Baltic Sea were given attention and it was a great anxiety over the eutrophication. In the 1980: s the codpopulation declined and with them the catches declined. The conflict over the White zone 1978-1988 between Former Soviet Union and Sweden resulted in a plunder fishery in the area east of Bornholm. This plunder fishery effected the cod population enormous and the effect has continued to the late 1990: s.
In 1995 Sweden joined the European Union and the common fishery politic replaced the Swedish fishery politic.
The system with TAC (Total Allowable Catch) is central in the common politic and it is used to control the cod catches. But the problem is that the TAC -volume has been higher than the codpopulation could stand. Despite the politic goal in Sweden and EU to preserve the codpopulation in the Baltic Sea, the codpopulation has continued to decline. The reason to this politic failure is that the limit of the ecology has been overseen. Instead, the economic and social values have been dominating the politic and together with a to weak control of the catches and environmental problems in the Baltic Sea, the situation for the cod has been devastating.
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Whitecross, Richard William. "Zhabdrung's legacy : state transformation, law and social values in contemporary Bhutan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8369.
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Based on ethnographic research in Bhutan and among Bhutanese living in Nepal, this thesis examines the reach of law in everyday life in contemporary Bhutan. Drawing on inter-linked themes of social values drawn from Buddhist teachings and the importance of morality, power and legitimacy, I examine popular discourse of and about law. It contributes to current arguments in socio-legal studies and anthropology concerning the reach of law in contemporary societies and its significance in everyday life. Furthermore, my thesis represents the first ethnographic account of law and society in Bhutan. It makes a valuable contribution not only to our understanding of Bhutan, but also provides an ideal opportunity to examine everyday conceptions of law as the Bhutanese State promotes legal change that draw on non-indigenous models. The thesis considers the impact of the creation of a modem, independent judiciary and recent changes in legal education and the increasing amount of legislation and secondary regulations. However, the everyday construction of law, as well as the meanings and uses to which law are put, raises problems. Therefore, I turn to examine how ordinary people create and develop a sense of the law by focussing on the development of legal consciousness. To do this, I look less at the formal legal processes of the law than at the narratives about law from a number of Bhutanese. These narratives focus on the importance of community values and notions of morality and legitimacy, which simultaneously draw on a prevalent authoritative public discourse concerning social behaviour and individual re-interpretations and resistance within the broad framework of the discourse. I examine the interrelationship between these various features, which evoke, on an individual level, a sense of "legal consciousness" and I develop how this informs daily life. This interrelationship highlights the dynamism of the process and the fluidity of ideas and adaptability to changing needs and relationships of power. This approach allows for an examination of law situated within, rather than separate from, everyday life in order to analyse the fragmentary and often inconsistent use made by individuals of the legal orders and forums available to them.
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Smith, Adrian. "Enduring unfreedom: law and the state in Trinidadian sugar production." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103610.
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In the context of sugar production in Trinidad, the dissertation examines the role of law and the state in the incorporation of unfree labour during the colonial and early post-colonial period. In orienting the analytical focus to account for the human agency and resistance of sugar workers, the dissertation finds that law and the state channel worker opposition into processes or pathways of exit. These exit processes mediate the shifts within, and transitions between, unfree labour regimes. Three key observations emerge from the historical analysis. First, the "mobilize to immobilize" dynamic, which describes how legal regimes tightly structured the movement and relocation of unfree sugar workers, represents a broad and generalizable phenomenon. Second, the "pathways to exit" illustrate the ways that law channels opposition and shapes expectations. Third, the recurring demands of "recruitment" and "retention" made by owners, demonstrates how aggregated capital's need for labour power extraction is internalized within and facilitated by the state. In constituting the conditions and relations of unfree labour, law and the state render unfree labour an enduring (if strategic) feature of capitalism.Le mémoire examine le rôle du droit et de l'État dans l'incorporation de la main-d'œuvre non libre pendant la période coloniale et au début de l'ère postcoloniale dans le contexte de la production de sucre sur l'île Trinité. En orientant l'approche analytique pour expliquer la capacité ou non d'agir des individus et la résistance des travailleurs du sucre, le mémoire constate que le droit et l'État canalisent l'opposition des travailleurs vers des processus ou des sentiers de sortie. Ces processus de sortie servent d'intermédiaires aux changements internes et aux transitions des régimes de main-d'œuvre non libre. Trois observations clés découlent de cette analyse historique. En premier lieu, la dynamique « mobiliser pour immobiliser », qui décrit comment les régimes juridiques ont structuré étroitement le mouvement et le déplacement des travailleurs du sucre non libres, représente un phénomène vaste et généralisable. Deuxièmement, les « sentiers de sortie » illustrent les méthodes utilisées par le droit pour canaliser l'opposition et façonner les attentes. Troisièmement, les demandes répétées de « recrutement » et de « rétention » des propriétaires démontrent comment l'État intériorise et facilite le besoin d'extraction de la force de travail du capital agrégé. En établissant les conditions et les relations de la main-d'œuvre non libre, le droit et l'État font de la main-d'œuvre non libre un élément persistant (bien que stratégique) du capitalisme.
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Miller, Timothy Mark. "The new traditionalist movement: a study of church, state, and economy." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101241.
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In the past, emergence of right-wing conservative moral reform movements has resulted in profound changes for our society. Two of the most visible examples would be the 18th amendment establishing the prohibition of alcohol and the movement to destroy communism in America, McCarthyism. since the mid-1970’s, a movement in America has been gaining strength to once again morally reform America. Some of the issues now on the new right agenda are: banning abortion, getting prayer back in school, and defeating the Equal Rights Amendment. In this study, we first draw an historical comparison between the current moral reform movement and one of the past (e.q. McCarthyism). Second, we test the relative explanatory power of two different theories that attempt to account for the origins of moral reform ideas using data 1977 and 1982.M.S.
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Wong, Chack-kie. "Ideology, welfare mix and the production of welfare : a comparative study of child daycare policies in Britain and Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1792/.
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This is a study of the inter-relationship between welfare ideology, welfare mix and the production of welfare. It has been hypothesized that the welfare ideology of a state is likely to affect its choice of welfare mix and the kind of social relations produced in the wider society. In this study, normative theories of the welfare state were reformulated by an analytical framework into theoretical models of the welfare state as pre-test patterns for comparison with practical policies under study. Child daycare provisions in Britain and Hong Kong were chosen as the data to test the hypothesis. A multiple-case-embedded design was used in organizing this comparative study. It was found that practising ideologies are more predictive than idealized ideologies of state social policy. It was also found that state social policy in the realm of child daycare was related to its ideology : state ideology affects the choice of a mix of welfare sectors and the form welfare is organised in the production of social relations in the two societies studied. Nevertheless, the inter-relationship between state ideology, welfare mix and welfare production is constrained by three intervening variables. They are bureau-professional autonomy, interplay between opposing ideologies and flexibility of ideology in the interpretation of state welfare because of a changing environment. When the findings were examined from another perspective, welfare sector and welfare production were seen to carry ideological meanings. This implies that a transaction of welfare goods and services is not only a transaction of material or tangible social services, but it is also an ideological transaction of different social principles which underlie the welfare sectors. This has led to the development of a theory of the ideological production of welfare as an explanation of the relationship between ideology and welfare sectors in the division of care and welfare responsibilities in a society. Based on this theory, the limitations of instrumental theories about the welfare mix were discussed. In conclusion, in the light of wider social and economic changes within capitalism, an integrative strategy concerning the welfare mix in particular and welfare in general has been proposed which duly recognizes the importance of ideology in maintaining social relations in a society as well as the social context which these social relations underlie.
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Frame, Lesley. "Technological change in Southwestern Asia: Metallurgical production styles and social values during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195816.
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The beginnings of metallurgical activity have intrigued scholars for decades. In this dissertation, I explore early metallurgical activity on the Iranian Plateau represented by the evidence at Tal-i Iblis in southern Iran, and Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe in central northern Iran. Together, these sites offer a diachronic view of metal production on the Plateau as well as a view of metallurgical activities practiced at different scales of production. The metallurgical materials from Tal-i Iblis are firmly dated to the late 6th to early 5th millennia BCE, and this corpus includes hundreds of crucible fragments excavated from multiple trash dumps. Seh Gabi and Godin Tepe offer a smaller range of production materials from the 4th through 2nd millennia BCE, but they also include a large collection of finished metal objects. These later materials differ in style and process from the Iblis debris.Thorough examination of these artifacts, combined with comparison to a series of carefully controlled casting experiments, has returned numerous significant results. The metallurgy of the Iranian Plateau does not fit the standard model of early metallurgical development. The Iblis crucibles do not reflect an early "experimental" stage in copper production. Rather, these artifacts represent a carefully controlled, production process with a narrow range of variability in both temperature and reducing atmosphere. Further, there is clear evidence for the preference of arsenical-copper alloys at Tal-i Iblis. These ancient craftspeople sought high-quality ores from a source (the Talmessi copper deposit) over 500 km from their production facility.Metallurgical production on the Iranian Plateau is also characterized by the long-term use of crucibles as the primary reaction vessel well into the 2nd millennium BCE. There are some production centers on the Iranian Plateau that see the use of furnaces during the 3rd millennium, but crucible use persists at many sites. At Godin Tepe--a site with significant evidence for contact with the Mesopotamian lowlands--variability in crucible form increases in later periods to include an Egyptian-style crucible during the 2nd millennium BCE. The presence of this crucible suggests that there was contact with foreign metallurgical processes, but the preference for small, portable reaction vessels persisted.
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Farrow, Soyna Hester, and Donna Marie Monroe. "Social work students: The learning of professional values in a graduate program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1843.
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Afolabi, Monsurat Mojirayo. "Commercialization of agriculture in Nigeria : a gender analysis of cash crop production in Yekemi, Osun State." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14598.
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The commercialization of agriculture is seen as a cornerstone of processes of development and modernisation and the incorporation of rural farmers into this economy shows their importance as a major pillar in the economy. In Nigeria, cash crop production is highly significant for farmers in terms of raising their income and improving their economic status. It tends to be the case that within Nigerian contexts, broadly speaking, there continues to exist patriarchal forms of social organization and normative gender relations. In Yorubaland, even though the word ‘farmer’ as a term for involvement in agriculture is gender-neutral, the societal job demarcations, coupled with cultural expectations, makes the word ‘farmer’ become synonymous with ‘male’ and women are seen as farmers’ wives. Little attention or recognition is paid to women farmers within agricultural production and their economic contribution to national economies through commercial agriculture, with little or no gender-segregated data on agricultural outputs. This thesis examines the impact of women’s involvement in the commercialization of cash crop production on gender relations at inter and intra household levels, focusing on Yekemi. It examines the effects of men migrating from Yekemi on cash crop production; the phenomenon of a shift in gender roles in the Yekemi community; the causative factors; the reactions of men to the shift; and the future prospects and lessons of the shift. An ethnographic approach was used, involving observations, interviews, visitations, walking the land and focus group discussions to gather detailed data about the change in status quo in gendered power relations. This study reveals the power dynamics associated with female cash crop farmers. It shows that Yekemi, though a traditional rural setting, has overcome some of these traditional gender divisions and gender segregation in agricultural labour. I discovered that women in Yekemi empower themselves through their involvement in agricultural commercialization of cash crop production, which incurs recognition of their status as farmers in the village and ability to exercise agency in decision making within their households. From the findings the thesis concludes that if participation in agricultural commercialization could be responsible for sustained economic independence and shifts in gender power dynamics beyond traditional norms in Yekemi, this could be seen as a critical example for use elsewhere. It could have significant implications for other female farmers and help to develop ways to empower rural women to gain a more visible and recognized foothold within commercial agriculture.
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Todd, Alexa North. "Mapping Sociocultural Values of Visitors on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1637.
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Contested land-management plans make spatial data about values that people attach to the landscape necessary for federal land management. The study area for this project is the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, an area that is divided by a complex mosaic of land jurisdictions, including public lands administered by the National Park Service, National Forest Service, and Washington State, as well as interspersed tribal and private landholdings surrounding the perimeter. During the summer of 2012, I collected map and survey data from visitors at fourteen popular destinations around the Olympic Peninsula, including visitor centers, campgrounds, trail access points, and a ferry. Three research objectives were evaluated in my thesis: 1) determine a general typology of visitors, 2) understand what values and activities visitors associate with places in the peninsula, and 3) compare visitor data with resident data from the Human Ecology Mapping Project (HEM), a collaboration between the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Institute of Culture and Ecology, and Portland State University.
Analysis using ArcGIS included density and density hot spot calculations for a composite of the data as well as subsets based on types of visitors and individual values and activities. A majority of the participants were older males with higher education. Results indicate that visitors with different levels of familiarity spend time in different parts of the Peninsula. Aesthetic, recreation, and wilderness are the values most often included in the survey; hiking, non-cardio recreation, and sociocultural are the activity groups most often included in the survey. Visitors primarily mark places in Olympic National Park. Visitors, including those who live locally, responded in strikingly different ways than residents who participated in HEM. This research produced expected results that not only substantiate knowledge about specific places in the Olympic Peninsula, but also support theories about environmental cognition.
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Itó, Corrêa A. (Andreíza). "Environmental, social and economic impacts of organic, Fairtrade soybean production in Brazil:risk assessment study for Paraná state." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312005.
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This work assessed the environmental, social and economic impacts associated with the production of soybeans in Brazil. Standards and legislation for organic and Fairtrade production are investigated. Based on the literature review, a Risk Assessment of organic and Fairtrade soybeans from Paraná-Brazil was performed using a risk matrix. The risks were assessed based on scientific articles, newspapers, and reports to consider the view from different stakeholders such as farmers, population, and importers. Risks were classified by levels (level 1 as the lowest, and level 5 as the highest). Two matrices were produced; one from the farmers’ point of view and the other form the importers’ point of view. The analyzed negative events that produces the risks are: Social conflicts; Working conditions; Limestone extraction and use; Deforestation; Pesticide contamination; Nutrient contamination; Erosion; Weather conditions; Weed, pests, and diseases; GM contamination; Lack of inputs; Infrastructure; Price and Supply vs. Demand; and Fairtrade popularity. From the analysis, it was possible to conclude that risks, in general, are higher for farmers. However, organic and Fairtrade certifications reduce the environmental, social and even economic risks. Notwithstanding, there are risks related to market requirements, which can lead to the loss of certification. The matrices presented on this study can be utilized as starting point for risk analysis and management. Farmers, cooperatives, and importers who deal with the cultivation and trade of organic and Fairtrade soybeans from Paraná-Brazil can benefit from understanding the environmental and social risks associated with the production methods. Ultimately, this can be used in prioritization and decision making regarding risk management strategiesTässä työssä analysoitiin soijan Brasilian tuotantoon liittyviä ympäristöllisiä, sosiaalisia ja taloudellisia vaikutuksia. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin luonnonmukaista ja reilun kaupan tuotantoa koskevia standardeja ja lainsäädäntöä. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella laadittiin riskimatriisi, jonka avulla tehtiin riskiarviointi Paraná-Brasiliassa tuotetuille luonnonmukaisille ja reilun kaupan soijapavuille. Vaikutusten suuruus ja todennäköisyys arvioitiin tieteellisten artikkeleiden, sanomalehtien ja raporttien perusteella, eri sidosryhmien, kuten maanviljelijöiden, väestöryhmien ja maahantuojien näkökulmista. Riskit luokiteltiin tasoilla (taso 1 oli alin ja taso 5 korkein). Arviointia varten tuotettiin kaksi matriisia;. toinen matriisi tuotettiin viljelijän näkökulmasta ja toinen maahantuojan näkökulmasta. Analysoitavat riskit olivat: yhteiskunnalliset ristiriidat, työolot, kalkkikiven louhinta/hankinta ja käyttö, metsäkato, torjunta-aineiden saastuminen, ravinnekuormitus, eroosio, sääolosuhteet, rikkakasvit, tuholaiset ja taudit, GM-kontaminaatio, panosten puute, infrastruktuuri, hinta ja tarjonta vs. kysyntä sekä Reilun kaupan hyväksyttävyys. Analyysistä voitiin päätellä, että riskit ovat yleisesti korkeammat viljelijöille. Tulosten perusteella havaittiin selvästi, että orgaaniset ja Reilun kaupan sertifikaatit vähensivät ympäristöllisiä, sosiaalisia ja jopa taloudellisia riskejä. Kuitenkin kyseisiin markkinoihin liittyi riskejä, jotka voivat johtaa sertifioinnin menettämiseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa esitettyjä matriiseja voidaan käyttää lähtökohtana riskianalyysille ja -hallinnalle, soijan tuotannon ja maahantuonnin arvioinnissa., Luomun ja Reilun kaupan tuotantotapojen mukaisesti tuotetun Paraná-Brasiliaisen soijan viljelijät, osuuskunnat ja maahantuojat, voivat hyötyä tuotantoon liittyvien ympäristö- ja sosiaalisten riskien ymmärtämisestä ja edelleen, voivat priorisoida tärkeimmät riskit ja päättää hallintastrategioista
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Leibman, Yvonne. "The actions of the state in the production of cultural heritage the treatment of a cultural icon as bearer of values, identity and meaning at Groot Constantia in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5032.
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Karlqvist, Vanessa. "Future Assembly Layout Design for assembly of large robots : A state-of-the-art literature review and a Fuzzy AHP analysis for ABB values." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48896.
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Global competition is growing for companies everywhere and the demand for new and improved products are rising for each day that passes. The globalization brings new opportunities as well as new challenges since companies need to stay up to date and implement new technologies to stay competitive. Not only do customers want up to date products, they also want high quality, low price and individualized products, customized for their needs. This puts high demand on manufacturing companies to adapt their businesses, increase product diversity and to being able to introduce new variations and new products quickly. Since the drastic evolution of technology has increased the competitiveness of industrial companies, and the mass customization demands have increased, the necessity to investigate potential system alternatives towards improving production processes, with the help from the new technology, is required. One way of doing this is to revaluate one's assembly layouts since the layout design decision is highly connected to the product portfolio and the production volumes. The specific objective of this thesis is to broaden the case company’s, ABB, knowledge on ways their assembly of large robots can be improved with the focus on potential future assembly solutions. The overall aim of this thesis work is to identify state-of-the-art possible layout design alternatives, evaluate their performances and finding a method of choosing the final layout approach. This is answered by research questions connected to plant layout selection methodology, plant layout options and finally recommendations for the case company. The methodology chosen for deciding the recommended layout is the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process which is a multi-criteria decision-making tool suitable for decision problems with a hierarchical structure, having main attributes and sub attributes connected to each main attribute. Twenty-four attributes were created and ten layouts based on company observations and a literature study. The layout with the highest score was a layout based on a modernized version of the common fixed position layout. The overall recommendation for the case company was to focus on having a layout in the future with focus on a high technology level as well as high flexibility, for also receiving high performance.
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Foran, Tira. "Rivers of contention : Pak Mun Dam, electricity planning, and state-society relations in Thailand, 1932-2004." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1984.
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PhDThis study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.
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Kurfi, Mustapha Hashim. "Societal Responses to the State of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Kano Metropolis- Nigeria." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276119050.
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Hamm, Patrick. "Food Production during the Transition to Capitalism: A Comparative Political Economy of Russia and China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10406.
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The principal analytical objective of this dissertation is the assessment of changes in the political economy of food production during the transition from socialism to capitalism in Russia and China. The dissertation is equally interested in the consequences of this transition for human welfare resulting from changes in the availability of food. As a conditio sine qua non for human survival, food serves as an objective yardstick for human welfare. By studying changes in the political economy of food production it is therefore possible to draw general inferences regarding the welfare implications of the transition to capitalism in Russia and China. This dissertation uses a combination of classical political economy and comparative institutional analysis: The three empirical chapters show how changes in state objectives result in the formulation of economic policies that in turn shape the organization of food production - with momentous consequences for the Russian and Chinese people. Both countries achieved a significant increase in the output and variety of food, yet new problems concerning the availability, quality, and safety of food products have resulted from the introduction of markets. These problems are not externalities, but rather constitute a necessary consequence of the establishment of a market economy in which profit-oriented actors engage in competitive exchange without regard for human welfare. As a result, both countries are compelled to balance their desire for economic growth with the provision of sufficient and adequate food to their populations. An in-depth comparison of the development trajectories of two agro-industrial sectors (wheat and pig production) moreover reveals a convergence in government policy and economic institutions, indicating that Russia and China no longer represent alternative transition models. Following the reassertion of state authority during the first Putin presidency, the Russian government adopted an extensive agricultural modernization program, which strongly resembled China's existing state-guided reform strategy. Recently, both governments have taken active steps towards increasing the global competitiveness of their food economies, while intervening in markets as needed to ensure domestic food security. This demonstrates the centrality of the state in establishing and administering a capitalist economy.Sociology
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almogy, maya. "State Power and the Formation of Subjects as Re/Production of the Nation: Jewish Israeli Women and the Israeli Military Identity." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1392.
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Jewish Israeli Women Soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) are marked as the feminine "other" and work to reify the institution's power in Israeli nation-making. As subjects of the militarized Israeli state, women operate as legitimizers of Israel's masculinist authority. They soften the aggressive actions of the IDF through their demarcation in the feminine category, but they are also capable of furthering Israel's arguments regarding its egalitarian modernity through narratives of female "empowerment." As the subjugated "other" within ideas of Jewish Israeli national belonging, Jewish Israeli women soldiers operate for the means of the state's re/production of the nation and therefore of the state's power.
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Spross, Linn. "Ett välfärdsstatligt dilemma : Statens formuleringar av en arbetstidsfråga 1919–2002." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277242.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study how the Swedish welfare state formulated a question of shorter work hours, 1919—2002. During the 1900s, several official reports were published in order to produce knowledge about this issue and construct a manageable inquiry about shorter work hours. The aim of this thesis is to examine what were formulated as problems and solutions and which arguments and beliefs emerged from these formulations. Official state reports are regarded as instruments of knowledge production by the state. This intelligence was required to justify the possibility and desirability of the reform that shaped the question of shorter work hours in the welfare state. The aim of the official reports was to create knowledge, which determined the value of working time reduction. Leisure as welfare meant that the state interpreted the citizens’ needs and formulated working-time reduction as either a possible or impossible reform. Working hours have never been justified as a reform that simply gives more leisure and less time for work. The reform was instead considered possible and desirable because it was interpreted as helping to reproduce the labour force or capitalism as a whole. It was thought impossible and undesirable when considered to be a threat to this reproduction. However, there were two major reformulations of the question of shorter work. In the middle of the selected period, the matter moved from the sphere of production to a consumption sphere, meaning that the issue became less conflicted. The state’s responsibility to push the reform was deemphasized. Another reformulation is when flexibility was formulated as a solution, and thus made regulation of working time undesirable and unnecessary. This study shows how the conception of a question of shorter work hours was a process requiring formulations and reformulations and how these expressions fundamentally changed over time, although the basic premises remained.
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Guerra, Aredal Maria Elena. "Art and Transformation under State Repression : The CADA group; art activism as social movement for political resistance during the Pinochet years." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143298.
Full textAbstract:
Artist communities are often the first in revolting within a repressive society in the outer marginal borders of state control. This silent revolt takes place in the time period before larger oppositional movements gain momentum. However, the research has been scarce, especially when looking at the specific circumstance of the 17 years long Chilean dictatorship and the social influence that the artists had during this period. This Bachelor thesis will treat the subject and time period from a specific cultural angle, namely the effect the artistic production made by a specific art group, Colectivo de Acciones de Arte (henceforth named CADA) had on the social, and in effect, political discourse in society. CADA, a group of four Chilean artists, sociologists and writers, started collaborating in 1979, applying their artistic endeavors within a social practice that intended to interrupt and challenge the normalized routines of daily life during the Pinochet dictatorship – by utilizing semiotics and signs to reorganize and transform urban behaviors and social discourse. To illustrate the conversation CADAs production held, I will analyze two art works from their total oeuvre, as I am interested in researching the forbidden discourse that the artist movement conducted in Chile at this particular time. During the dictatorship, the official politics regressed to favor cultural symbols and expressions with a patriotic, nationalist and conservative message. This thesis wants to investigate the clash between the rules imposed by the ruling military regime and the actual art scene in Chile.
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Krause, Stefan M. "The Production of Cultural Heritage Discourses: Political Economy and the Intersections of Public and Private Heritage in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6285.
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Heritage is a concept that has received abundant critical attention within the academy. This study seeks to extend this critique by demonstrating the value of long-term ethnographic research and analysis of heritage processes on the Main Islands of Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). As the FSM staff cultural anthropologist for 23 months, the author utilizes interview and participant observation data collected during a total of over 2 years in the field to uncover and analyze the production of cultural heritage discourses on Yap’s Main Islands. With a central goal to understand locally produced views and values of stakeholders toward their heritage, including what exactly it is they wish to preserve and why, findings were analyzed to generate culturally informed strategies that local communities can consider in order to best meet their heritage interests.
Local discourses on heritage being produced by Yapese Main Islander stakeholders in Yap demonstrate views and values toward preserving primarily intangible elements of their heritage within the sphere of Chambers’ (2006) private heritage construct. Attending to the processes that facilitate private heritage transmission should therefore be a central strategy in preservation efforts. Additionally, a political economy approach to investigating the production of local discourses on heritage emerges as a productive alternative to the critical discourse analysis (CDA) paradigm that largely discounts the locally contingent historic, economic, social and political structures that are daily mediated as stakeholders look to the past to confront their presents and futures.
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Antonio, Fábio Alessandro Affonso. "A díade gestor-subordinado: as relações entre a compatibilidade dos valores humanos e o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-27012012-191354/.
Full textAbstract:
A relação entre a compatibilidade de valores e o bem-estar subjetivo tem sido identificada em alguns estudos. No entanto, menor atenção tem sido dada à compreensão da relação direta entre conflito de valores e qualidade de vida no trabalho, principalmente na relação diática entre gestores e subordinados. A teoria da troca entre líder e liderado prevê que o líder diferencia seus subordinados e, consequentemente, estabelece relações de natureza distinta com cada um deles. Para diferenciar os indivíduos da equipe o líder utiliza, dentre diversos critérios possíveis, a compatibilidade de características. Líderes e liderados que compartilham valores estabelecem interações de alta qualidade e essas interações geram resultados positivos para cada um dos membros da díade. Nesse sentido, este estudo questionou como seu problema fundamental: quais são as relações entre a compatibilidade diática dos valores dos gestores e de seus subordinados e o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho desses gestores e subordinados? Pesquisar a relação da compatibilidade de valores e o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho das pessoas, principalmente no caso da díade entre gestor e subordinado, pode promover uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica do comportamento organizacional. Isso posto, este estudo teve como objetivos (a) investigar a associação entre a compatibilidade dos valores pessoais dos subordinados e os valores sociais dos subordinados com relação aos seus gestores (compatibilidade subjetiva) e o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho desses subordinados e (b) pesquisar a associação entre a compatibilidade dos valores pessoais de gestores e dos subordinados (compatibilidade objetiva) e o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho desses gestores e subordinados. Para tanto, utilizou-se um questionário eletrônico autoaplicado administrado aos egressos da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo. O questionário foi composto pelos instrumentos PVQ-21 para delimitação dos valores humanos e o BPSO-96 para o estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho de gestores e subordinados. A amostragem realizada foi não-probabilística obtida por conveniência, limitando a capacidade de generalização do estudo. Ademais, os dados foram analisados pela técnica de regressão polinomial para determinação das associações entre a compatibilidade dos valores na díade gestorsubordinado e as percepções sobre estado pessoal de qualidade de vida no trabalho. A partir dos resultados, é possível considerar que a compatibilidade de valores entre os membros da díade gestor-subordinado, seja pela ótica subjetiva ou objetiva, está associada à qualidade de vida no trabalho de gestores e subordinados, principalmente no conflito das dimensões autotranscendência e autopromoção da teoria de valores de Schwartz (1992). Finalmente, este estudo propõe a utilização conjunta dos índices de compatibilidade algébricos, modulares e quadráticos para a interpretação dos resultados de regressões sobre a compatibilidade de valores e outras variáveis, diferentemente do que a literatura sobre o tema sugere. Pelos resultados do estudo, os coeficientes dos três modelos não se contradisseram, de tal maneira que suas magnitudes e sinais se conservaram nos três casos. Além disso, as variáveis que entraram nos modelos foram semelhantes. Esse fato sinaliza para uma leitura conjunta dos três modelos que deverão produzir interpretações mais informativas que a análise de um modelo isolado.The relationship between the fit of values and subjective well-being has been identified in past research. However, minor attention has been focused on understanding the direct relationship between conflicting values and quality of work life, especially in the managersubordinate dyad. The theory of leader-member exchange predicts that the leader differentiates his subordinates and thus establishes a distinctive relationship with each of them. To discern between individuals from his team the leader uses, among several possible criteria, the compatibility of features. Leaders and followers who share values establish high quality interactions, generating positive results for each member of the dyad. In this sense, this study questioned as its fundamental problem: what are the relationships between the dyadic compatibility of values of managers and their subordinates and the personal state of quality of work life of managers and subordinates? Studying this relationship, especially in the case of the dyad between manager and subordinate, can promote a better understanding of the dynamics of organizational behavior. That said, this study aimed to (a) investigate the association between the compatibility of subordinates\' personal values and social values (subjective fit) and their personal state of quality of work life, and to (b) investigate the association between the compatibility of the personal values of managers and subordinates (objective fit) and their personal state of quality of work life. For this purpose, a selfadministered electronic survey was sent to the alumni database of the Faculty of Economics, Administration and Accounting from the University of São Paulo. The questionnaire was composed of the instruments PVQ-21 for the definition of human values and BPSO-96 to the measurement of the perception of personal state of quality of work life of managers and subordinates. Sampling was carried out non-probabilistically, obtained by convenience, composing one of the limitations to the generalizability of the results of this study. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using polynomial regression to determine the associations between the compatibility of values in the manager-subordinate dyad and the perceptions of personal state of quality of life at work. From the results, it is possible to consider that the subjective and objective fit of values among members of the managersubordinate dyad is associated with their quality of work life, especially in the conflict dimensions of self-transcendence and self-enhancement from the value theory of Schwartz (1992). Finally, this study proposes the joint use of the algebraic, modular and quadratic indexes of compatibility for the interpretation of the results of regressions on studies of the compatibility of values and other variables, unlike the literature on the subject suggests. In this study, the coefficients of the three models do not contradict. Their magnitudes and signs were conserved in all three cases. In addition, the variables that entered the models were similar. This fact points to a joint reading of the three models so that interpretations of results should produce more informative scenarios than the analysis of an isolated model.
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Amorim, Wagner Vinicius [UNESP]. "A produção social do espaço urbano em Londrina - PR: a valorização imobiliária e a reestruturação urbana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96701.
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Esta dissertação analisa a produção do espaço urbano e suas articulações com o mercado imobiliário, a partir da realidade concreta investigada na cidade de Londrina - PR. Os objetivos consistem em analisar a expansão da malha urbana e a evolução dos preços fundiários em Londrina, no fito de apreender o processo de valorização seletiva do espaço pelos mecanismos próprios do circuito imobiliário. Assim, a conjuntura da última década foi base do processo investigativo. No entanto, a compreensão da expansão físico-territorial da cidade de Londrina diz respeito às ações historicamente engendradas por agentes responsáveis pela produção do espaço urbano sob o modo capitalista de produção, quais sejam: os agentes privados, o Estado, e a sociedade civil. Desse modo, realizamos uma reflexão sobre a atuação dos incorporadores de loteamentos nas últimas quatro décadas, bem como da atuação do Estado na promoção da habitação e estruturação da cidade. Constituído esse quadro analítico, a compreensão volta-se ao estudo da evolução do preço da terra urbana a partir do levantamento e mapeamento das variáveis disponíveis nos classificados de terrenos do principal jornal de circulação local. Por fim, tratamos de analisar a estruturação do espaço urbano pela dinâmica da atividade imobiliária, investigando o caso mais específico da Zona Leste da cidade de Londrina, onde atualmente ocorre valorização imobiliária e incorporação de novos empreendimentos imobiliários bastantes elucidativos da reestruturação urbana contemporânea
This dissertation examines the production of urban space and their interaction with the real estate market, from the reality investigated in Londrina - PR. The objectives are to analyze the expansion of urban land and price developments in Londrina, the aim of understanding the process of selective recovery of space by the mechanisms of the circuit housing. Thus, the conjuncture of the last decade was based on the investigative process. However, understanding the physical and territorial expansion of the city of Londrina with respect to shares historically engendered by agents responsible for the production of urban space under the capitalist mode of production, namely: the private agents, the state and civil society. Thus, we held a discussion on the role of developers of subdivisions in the last four decades, and the role of the state in housing promotion and structuring of the city. Consisting this analytical framework, the understanding back to the study of the evolution of urban land prices from the survey and mapping of the variables available in the classifieds of land from the main newspaper of local circulation. Finally, we analyzed the structure of urban space by the dynamics of real estate activity, investigating the more specific case of the Eastern Zone of the city of Londrina, where he currently is real estate appreciation and incorporation of new houses quite illustrative of contemporary urban restructuring
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Bom, Joana 1986. "As ideias sobre o cooperativismo no século XIX : uma introdução à crítica marxista." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285927.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Geraldo Di GiovanniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho visa estabelecer uma distinção clara entre as diferentes visões do cooperativismo, partindo de uma percepção de que cada visão varia consoante as ideologias em que se enquadra. O intuito é demonstrar que, dentro de uma interpretação mais geral da realidade social, são atribuídas ao cooperativismo funções diferenciadas consoante o propósito ideológico. Isto é, entender como o cooperativismo é encarado como um meio para diferentes fins. Para isso, se remonta às suas origens, o século XIX, onde se desenrola lado a lado com a nova era industrial. Nesse contexto, se destacam as idéias que na altura se desenvolveram em torno do cooperativismo entre o debate teórico das ideologias que se formularam ao longo do século - socialismo utópico, marxismo, anarquismo e social-democracia. Foram selecionados autores de referência entre as doutrinas emergentes, onde se encontram perspectivas diferenciadas quanto ao cooperativismo e de onde se depreende, portanto, que o seu suposto caráter alternativo quanto ao modo de produção capitalista se prende com questões maiores em suas teorias mais gerais. Assim, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, começo por fazer uma breve contextualização histórica do século XIX, o século das grandes mudanças, assim como uma exposição das principais idéias contidas nas correntes que então emergem. A nova sociedade reestruturada após a Revolução Industrial era alvo de interpretações diferenciadas entre as diferentes doutrinas e, assim, também o eram as práticas cooperativas. Desse modo, prossegue-se para a extração dos elementos cooperativistas encontrados ao longo das obras dos autores para posteriormente se clarificar e nomenclaturar os diferentes cooperativismos. Por fim, analisando todo ele à luz do materialismo histórico pretende-se esclarecer em que moldes o cooperativismo pode cumprir algum papel para a transitoriedade positiva do modo capitalista de produção
Abstract: This work aims to establish a clear distinction between different visions about cooperativism, from the starting perception that those visions vary according to the ideologies they belong to. The goal is to show that, within a broader interpretation of the social reality, one gives cooperativism different functions according to the ideological purpose. This means to understand how cooperativism is seen as a way to different ends. To explain it, we go back to its origins, the 19th century, where it was developed side by side with the New Industrial Era. To do that, ideas around cooperativism and the theoretical debate about ideologies from that century are shown: utopian socialism, Marxism, anarquism and social democracy. Authors from those doctrines are selected to show how cooperativism appears as a way to different ends among those general theories. Through bibliographical research, an introductory historical context regarding the 19th century is made, the century of those great changes, as well as an introduction to the emergent ideas and theories that occurred in that century. That new society, structured after the Industrial Revolution, was seen differently by the different doctrines, as well as its "cooperativistic" elements. This way, and starting from the visions from the authors, we clarify and state the different "cooperativisms". Having these in mind, and analyzing them from the historical materialism point of view, I will seek to understand how cooperativism can have a word in a positive transition of the capitalism productive method
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Tong, Fei. "Changing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China : A Case Study of Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF) in China." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63430.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and multinational companies (MNCs) landed in Chinaalmost at the same time. However, the Chinese market where the governmental role is alwaysinfluential provides a specific setting for the CSR development in China. The purpose of thisthesis is to analyze the governmental role in the CSR engagement of SvenskaKullagerfabriken (SKF) in China based on a literature review, qualitative case study, semistructuredinterview and three mini-cases study. By adopting these methods, it is found thatthe Chinese government is trying to provide a more CSR-friendly policy and stricterlegislation in order to guide the Chinese business towards a sustainable direction. Besides, inrecent years, the Chinese government is also re-orienting the social values that are claimingthe return of the traditional business ethics and promoting the level of CSR in the Chinesesociety. A triangulated model is developed in this thesis to analyze the case company. Theexperience of SKF indicates that the company’s CSR strategy is universal, whereas its CSRengagement has changed along with the Chinese development. It is found that there are fourphases of SKF’s CSR development in China, and each phase is associated with andstimulated by the specific scheme during the Chinese social and economic development.Among the variables in Chinese changing society, the macro-policy is deemed by SKF as thekey factor that has the largest impact on the CSR engagement of the company. After thisresearch, the research gap will be filled in with an empirical case. Yet, the future efforts inempirically investigating more companies are suggested to enrich the research on thecorrelation between the Chinese government, CSR development and MNCs in China.
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Bower, Richard John. "Towards an articulation of architecture as a verb : learning from participatory development, subaltern identities and textual values." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3220.
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Originating from a disenfranchisement with the contemporary definition and realisation of Westernised architecture as a commodity and product, this thesis seeks to explore alternative examples of positive socio-spatial practice and agency. These alternative spatial practices and methodologies are drawn from participatory and grass-roots development agency in informal settlements and contexts of economic absence, most notably in the global South. This thesis explores whether such examples can be interpreted as practical realisations of key theoretical advocacies for positive social space that have emerged in the context of post-Second World-War capitalism. The principal methodological framework utilises two differing trajectories of spatial discourse. Firstly, Henri Lefebvre and Doreen Massey as formative protagonists of Western spatial critique, and secondly, John F. C. Turner and Nabeel Hamdi as key advocates of participatory development practice in informal settlements. These two research trajectories are notably separated by geographical, economic and political differentiations, as well as conventional disciplinary boundaries. However by undertaking a close textual reading of these discourses this thesis critically re-contextualises the socio-spatial methodologies of participatory development practice, observing multiple theoretical convergences and provocative commonalities. This research proposes that by critically comparing these previously unconnected disciplinary trajectories certain similarities, resonances and equivalences become apparent. These resonances reveal comparable critiques of choice, value, and identity which transcend the gap between such differing theoretical and practical engagements with space. Subsequently, these thematic resonances allow this research to critically engage with further appropriate surrounding discourses, including Marxist theory, orientalism, post- structural pluralism, development anthropology, post-colonial theory and subaltern theory. 5 In summary, this thesis explores aspects of Henri Lefebvre's and Doreen Massey's urban and spatial theory through a close textual reading of key texts from their respective discourses. This methodology provides a layered analysis of post-Marxist urban space, and an exploration of an explicit connection between Lefebvre and Massey in terms of the social production and multiplicity of space. Subsequently, this examination provides a theoretical framework from which to reinterpret and revalue the approaches to participatory development practice found in the writings and projects of John Turner and Nabeel Hamdi. The resulting comparative framework generates interconnected thematic trajectories of enquiry that facilitate the re-reading and critical reflection of Turner and Hamdi's development practices. Thus, selected Western spatial discourse acts as a critical lens through which to re-value the social, political and economical achievements of participatory development. Reciprocally, development practice methodologies are recognised as invaluable and provocative realisations of the socio-spatial qualities that Western spatial discourse has long advocated for, and yet have remained predominantly unrealised in the global North.
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Gimat, Matthieu. "Produire le logement social : hausse de la construction, changements institutionnels et mutations de l'intervention publique en faveur des HLM (2004-2014)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H076.
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Depuis le début des années 2000, le coût des terrains nécessaires à la production de logements locatifs sociaux neufs a augmenté, au même titre que le coût de leur construction. Dans le même temps, l’État a considérablement réduit les subventions directes qu’il accorde à chaque opération HLM. Malgré cela, le nombre de logements locatifs sociaux livrés chaque année a connu une hausse importante et durable. Alors que 46 000 logements HLM ont été produits en 2000, plus de 100 000 le sont systématiquement à partir de 2006.La thèse explore cet apparent paradoxe, en analysant les évolutions de l’organisation institutionnelle du système de production HLM. Pour ce faire, elle s’appuie sur le traitement de données statistiques ainsi que sur une enquête réalisée auprès d’acteurs locaux de l’habitat au sein des communautés d’agglomération du Val-de-Bièvre, du Boulonnais et de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux. Un outillage théorique spécifique est proposé, qui croise les apports de la théorie de la régulation et de recherches sur les acteurs de la production urbaine. Cela permet de montrer qu’un ensemble de décisions politiques, d’ajustements locaux et de dispositifs de coordination ont été articulés de façon originale au cours de la décennie. Ils visent notamment à faire que les organismes HLM mobilisent leurs réserves financières dans la production neuve, à distribuer inégalement dans l’espace le surplus de logements produits et à réorganiser les modalités d’accès à la ressource foncière. Le système mis en place est cependant dépendant des opérateurs à but lucratif ainsi que des évolutions des marchés immobiliers ; il participe de plus à redéfinir les bénéficiaires de l’intervention publique en FranceSince the early 2000s, social housing production in France has become increasingly more expensive: both land prices and construction costs have increased. At the same time, the State has considerably reduced the direct subsidies granted to each new development. However, the number of new social dwellings has increased significantly and lastingly. While 46,000 dwellings were produced in 2000, more than 100,000 have been produced each year since 2006. This thesis explores this apparent paradox by analyzing the evolution of the institutional organization of the French social housing production system. To do so, it relies on the processing of statistical data as well as on a survey carried out among local housing decision makers in the urban areas of Bordeaux and Boulogne-sur-Mer, and in the Val-de-Bièvre, a gathering of municipalities located south of Paris. An original theoretical framework is used, which combines regulation theory with the results of research focusing on the actors of urban production. This allows for the underlining of the fact that a set of political decisions, local adjustments and coordination mechanisms were articulated in a novel way throughout the decade. In particular, those seek to ensure that social housing organizations use their financial reserves for the production of new dwellings, that new social dwellings are unevenly distributed in space, and that access to land for social housing is reorganized. However, this system appears to depend on real estate markets and for-profit operators; it also participates in redefining the beneficiaries of public intervention in France
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Amorim, Wagner Vinicius. "A produção social do espaço urbano em Londrina - PR : a valorização imobiliária e a reestruturação urbana /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96701.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão SpositoBanca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: William Ribeiro da Silva
Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa a produção do espaço urbano e suas articulações com o mercado imobiliário, a partir da realidade concreta investigada na cidade de Londrina - PR. Os objetivos consistem em analisar a expansão da malha urbana e a evolução dos preços fundiários em Londrina, no fito de apreender o processo de valorização seletiva do espaço pelos mecanismos próprios do circuito imobiliário. Assim, a conjuntura da última década foi base do processo investigativo. No entanto, a compreensão da expansão físico-territorial da cidade de Londrina diz respeito às ações historicamente engendradas por agentes responsáveis pela produção do espaço urbano sob o modo capitalista de produção, quais sejam: os agentes privados, o Estado, e a sociedade civil. Desse modo, realizamos uma reflexão sobre a atuação dos incorporadores de loteamentos nas últimas quatro décadas, bem como da atuação do Estado na promoção da habitação e estruturação da cidade. Constituído esse quadro analítico, a compreensão volta-se ao estudo da evolução do preço da terra urbana a partir do levantamento e mapeamento das variáveis disponíveis nos classificados de terrenos do principal jornal de circulação local. Por fim, tratamos de analisar a estruturação do espaço urbano pela dinâmica da atividade imobiliária, investigando o caso mais específico da Zona Leste da cidade de Londrina, onde atualmente ocorre valorização imobiliária e incorporação de novos empreendimentos imobiliários bastantes elucidativos da reestruturação urbana contemporânea
Abstract: This dissertation examines the production of urban space and their interaction with the real estate market, from the reality investigated in Londrina - PR. The objectives are to analyze the expansion of urban land and price developments in Londrina, the aim of understanding the process of selective recovery of space by the mechanisms of the circuit housing. Thus, the conjuncture of the last decade was based on the investigative process. However, understanding the physical and territorial expansion of the city of Londrina with respect to shares historically engendered by agents responsible for the production of urban space under the capitalist mode of production, namely: the private agents, the state and civil society. Thus, we held a discussion on the role of developers of subdivisions in the last four decades, and the role of the state in housing promotion and structuring of the city. Consisting this analytical framework, the understanding back to the study of the evolution of urban land prices from the survey and mapping of the variables available in the classifieds of land from the main newspaper of local circulation. Finally, we analyzed the structure of urban space by the dynamics of real estate activity, investigating the more specific case of the Eastern Zone of the city of Londrina, where he currently is real estate appreciation and incorporation of new houses quite illustrative of contemporary urban restructuring
Mestre
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Dye, A. H. (Arthur H. ). "Knowledge production and research development in science and technology at higher education institutions in the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52315.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to establish whether there had been discernable changes in the nature of knowledge production at higher education institutions in the Eastern Cape since the transition to democracy, and to relate these to international and national trends in the way knowledge is produced. In view of the emphasis in government policy on the development of science and technology, the study was focused on researchers in this area and on the administration of research in this context. The research was conducted through structured interviews with administrators and active researchers at the three technikons and five universities in the province. The study found that there had indeed been changes, both in the way research is managed, and in the nature of the research itself. Research has become more applied over the last five years and there has been a move towards multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research, although administrators tended to underestimate the extent of this change. Research management has also become businesslike with the establishment of dedicated Deans/Directors of research on most campuses. Administrators ascribe these changes to new government policies and to changes in the requirements of funding agencies. Researchers, however, generally ascribe the changes to factors more directly related to themselves, such as changes in institutional research policy, more opportunities for multidisciplinary work and to greater linkage with the private sector. The study also found that many of the changes were already underway some time ago and that there was a degree of proactiveness in the way some institutions had realigned their research. The study found that there are significant differences between formerly advantaged institutions and their historically disadvantaged counterparts. The latter are dominated by less well qualified staff and produce fewer research outputs than the former. Research cultures are less well developed and researchers complain of a lack of institutional support for research. Despite this, research continues to be a significant activity on these campuses. In general, staff at technikons are more positive about the future of research than their colleagues at universities, irrespective of historical advantage. The study found that knowledge production has assumed some of the characteristics of so-called Mode 2 knowledge production as a result of a variety of national and international influences, and historically advantaged institutions have been able to initiate adjustments to the way in which research is done in anticipation of new policies. Publication of government policy on science and technology and on higher education may have accelerated the change but did not initiate it. The historically disadvantaged institutions, however, appeared to have done little in anticipation of new policy and have been forced to be reactive to recent government initiatives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om ondersoek na die voorkoms van waarneembare veranderinge in die karakter van die lewering van kennis by hoer-onderrig institute in die Oos- Kaap, na die oorgang van demokrasie, in te stel. Verder is gepoog om hierdie veranderinge in verband met internasionale en nasionale tendense, met betrekking to die wyse waarop kennis voortgebring word, te bring. In die lig van die regering se beleid aangaande die ontwikkeling van wetenskap en tegnologie was die studie op navorsers in hierdie rigting, sowel as die aanpassing van navorsing in hierdie konteks, gefokus. Die ondersoek was deur middel van gestruktureerde onderhoude met administrateurs en aktiewe navorsers aan die drie tegnikons and vyf universiteite in hierdie provinsie uitgevoer. Die ondersoek het aangedui dat veranderinge in die wyse waarop navorsing bestuur word en in die karakter van navorsing op sigself, inderdaad plaasgevind het. Navorsing het gedeurende die afgelope vyf jaar toenemend toepaslik geword en hoewel administrateurs geneig het om die omvang daarvan te onderskat, was daar 'n merkbare verplasing na multidissiplinere en multi-institution ale navorsing. Die administrasie van navorsing het ook, na die aanstelling van teogewyde Dekane/Direkteurs van navorsing by die meerderheid kampusse, toenemend bedryfsgerig word. Administrateurs skryf hierdie verplasing toe aan die nuwe staatsbeleid sowel as die veranderinge in die voorskrifte van befondsingsliggame. Op hul beurt skryf navorsers die varanderinge egter aan faktore wat meer op hulself van toepassing is, toe. Hierdie faktore sluitveranderinge in die institutionele beleid, die toename in geleenthede met betrekking tot multi-dissiplinere werk, sowel as die toename in skakeling met die private sektor, in. Dit is gevind dat verskeie van hierdie veranderinge al 'n geruime tyd onderweg is en dat daar 'n mate van pro-aktiwiteit met betrekking tot die wyse waarop sommige institute hul navorsing hers poor het, bestaan. Die studie het bevind dat betekenisvolle verskille tussen voormalige bevoorregte institute en hul histories onbevoorregte ekwivalente voorgekom het. U it die resultate het dit duidelik geword dat die personeel van die laasgenoernde institute oor die algemeen minder gekwalifiseerd is en dat 'n laer navorsingsopbrengs geproduseer word. Die navorsingskultuur is minder ontwikkel en navorsers is ontevrede oor die gebrek aan institutionele ondersteuning wat navorsing aanbetref. Ten spyte hiervan is navorsing voortdeurend 'n betekenisvolle akwitiwiteit op hierdie kampusse. Personeel verbonde aan tegnikons is oor die algemeen meer positief oor die toekoms van navorsing in teenstelling met hul kollegas verbonde aan universitiete, ongeag die historiese agtergrond. Die studie het ook bevind dat, weens die verskeidenheid nasionale en internasionale invloede en die oorspronklike aanpassings wat historiese bevoorregte institute tot stand laat kom het met betrekking tot die wyse waarop navorsing, met die oog op nuwe beleid, uitgevore word, die produksie van kennis van die eienskappe van "Mode 2" aangeneen word. Die bekendmaking van die staatsbeleid aangaande wetenskap en tegnologie en hoer-onderrig kon uit eie beweging hierdie veranderinge bespoedig het, maar het dit nie geinisieer nie. Histories onbevoorregte institute het tot dusver min werk gemaak van die vooruitsigte van die nuwe beleid en word genoodsaak om op onlangse regerings inisiatiewe te reageer.
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Faifua, Denise Elizabeth. "Willing and Social Work Participation: Socio-Cultural Rationalisation in Industrial Organisation." Queensland University of Technology, 2001. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15824/.
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In this thesis I interrogate the possibility of 'willing and social' work participation in industrial organisation. I draw on Habermas's (1976, 1979, 1984 & 1987) work to synthesise marxist and weberian ideas, and to derive a socio -cultural or cultural Marxist perspective on Capitalism. From this position I highlight the limitations of social action in theories of organisation and work. Moreover, I theoretically derive a model of work participation that acknowledges broader orientations to work. I interrogate that model of work participation in a study of four dominant forms of industrial organisation. Those organisations are SEQEB the South East Queensland Energy Board, Eagle Boy Pizzas in Queensland, the New South Sugar Milling Cooperative Ltd, and Budge -Ellis Staff Co-operative. Gathering data for this study involved both primary and secondary research. I used a comparative and longitudinal field research approach, unstructured interviews with an interview guide, and the collection of documents recommended by interviewees. I interviewed people working in the organisations and relevant government agencies. My research involved travel in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Ultimately, I produce a sociologically informed model for the establishment of 'willing and social' work participation. I conclude work participation exists within the context of capitalism, and social relations - either formally free or free; that work participation is directly influenced by rational configurations of the world of work comprising economic, political and social worldviews; and I argue the dominance of a worldview depends on whether the political action premises of buffering and shoring successfully neutralise competing worldviews; and whether the moral dictums or espoused values of work are prescribed or invoked and result in the exploitation or deployment of internal values. My thesis points in the direction of further work on co-operative forms of organisation and work and their commonweal ideologies. In particular, my findings demonstrate a crowding out of co-operative forms and ideologies, not only by capitalist forms but also by trade union collectives. The type of research I suggest has the potential to increase the legitimation of co-operative forms of organisation. Although, the Australian co-operative movement has many achievements there remains the problem of establishing a socially progressive rationality that makes practical or operational sense to people at work. The emancipator ideal of willing and social work participation is intended to epitomise the goals of the enlightenment project, and to lead in that direction.
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Malone, Chad Allen. "A Socio-Historical Analysis of U.S. State Terrorism from 1948 to 2008." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1216592463.
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Harding, Tobias. "Nationalising Culture : The Reorganisation of National Culture in Swedish Cultural Policy 1970–2002." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9896.
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Esser, Ingrid. "Why Work? : Comparative Studies on Welfare Regimes and Individuals' Work Orientations." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Department of sociology, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-550.
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Cantuário, Janaína Neves Estrela de. "EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: TENDÊNCIAS ANALÍTICAS NA PRODUÇÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO, STRICTO SENSU, EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL, SITUADOS NA REGIÃO CENTRO-OESTE." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2200.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-27This dissertation comprises the research of the production of postgraduate courses, stricto sensu, of Social Service in the Central-West Region of Brazil, about the professional and technological education system, with emphasis on examination of analytical trends of the various objects of study related to that modality of teaching. The objective of the research was to examine the process of building the knowledge in its relation with the peculiarities of the recent Brazilian development, the process of financial globalization and correlated changes in organizational work, using the theoretical and empirical references which allow to seize and nuclear the major trends in the analysis of the various problematized objects. The methodological procedures of the research was held as bibliographic research in the areas of education, social service, social sciences and scientific methodology, which guide the theoretical foundation of analysis of the research object. The systematic analytical emphases highlight the connections between productive restructuring and work organization in the field of vocational and technological education; education and structural duality and social and student assistance policies. The study confirms that the thematic professional and technological education becomes relevant in social work with the changes and rearrangements of capitalism and the related changes in the organization of work, a period that coincides with new settings in the Brazilian state educational policies, graduate expansion in Brazil and the development of a new field of study , research and knowledge production , which , more generally , deals with the relationship between the productive system and the education system as essential mediation in the relationship between work and education.
Esta dissertação compreende a investigação da produção dos cursos da pósgraduação, stricto sensu, de serviço social da região Centro-Oeste sobre a temática da educação profissional e tecnológica, com ênfase no exame das tendências analíticas dos vários objetos de estudo relacionados a essa modalidade de ensino. A intencionalidade da pesquisa foi de examinar o processo de construção de conhecimento em sua relação com as peculiaridades do desenvolvimento brasileiro recente, o processo de globalização financeira e as correlatas mudanças na organização do trabalho, recorrendo às referências teóricas e empíricas que permitiram apreender e nuclear as principais tendências nas análises dos vários objetos problematizados. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreenderam a pesquisa bibliográfica nas áreas de educação, serviço social, ciências sociais e de metodologia científica, que orientam a fundamentação teórica da análise do objeto de investigação. As ênfases analíticas sistematizadas evidenciam as conexões entre a reestruturação produtiva e a organização do trabalho no campo da educação profissional e tecnológica; a educação e dualidade estrutural e as políticas sociais e assistência estudantil. O estudo confirma que a temática educação profissional e tecnológica ganha relevância no serviço social com as transformaçõese recomposições do capitalismo e as correlatas mudanças na organização do trabalho, período que coincide com novas configurações nas políticas educacionais do Estado brasileiro, a expansão da pós-graduação no Brasil e o desenvolvimento de um novo campo de estudos, pesquisa e produção de conhecimento, que, de maneira mais geral, trata da relação entre o sistema produtivo e o sistema educativo, como mediações essenciais na relação trabalho e educação.
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Menezes, Sônia de Souza Mendonça. "A força dos laços de proximidade na tradição e inovação no/do território sergipano das fabriquetas de queijo." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5474.
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The handmade production of milk derived configures different territories in the local, regional and global geographical scales. That autonomous initiative expresses the farmer's obstinacy
found by the territoriality and identity in the search of his social reproduction. It leans on the combination with other activities as agriculture, commercialization net and consuming market that demands the referred products that keep the symbolic relations to the territories based in the tradition and in the cultural habits of the groups. It is used raw material produced exclusively in the rural establishment and/or acquired with neighbors, friends and relatives. It uses family workforce and in agreement with the processed volume, it absorbs temporary workers. The handmade cheese constitutes an objective of persecutions moved by the formal
market and by the institutional net due to the illegality and of the non execution of the legislation in vigor. The incompatibility of the legislation and the forbearing character to the handmade section is visible, once that the model was incorporated in Brazil in the decade of 1950 in agreement to the demands of the United States market and addressed to the great production, disrespecting the handmade production. The strategy of the production of handmade cheeses orientates this thesis and it is enunciated as general objective of the present study: to watch the configuration of SIAL handmade cheese maker of Sergipe, its contribution for the different actors' social reproduction, the circulation of local/territorial capital and their reflexes in the social/cultural/economical of the appropriate space conformed
in territory. To unmask that alternative in the rural space is based in the cultural approach of the geography through the analyses of the categories territory, territoriality, identity and nets, interlaced by the ruled discussions in the local productive systems, configured in the concentration of small industries of cheese in Sergipe semi-arid of São Francisco, target of the research. The analyses of that strategy were addressed for beyond the mercantile dimensions, linking to the inherent social and cultural dimensions in/the activity. Like this, there is the possibility to understand the appropriate space transformed in cheese territory that is
heterogeneous and multiple, differently of many of the territories listed in the research in the regional and global scales. The reading of the different territories will allow to understand the paradigm of GI - Geographical Indications servant in the countries of Europe and defended by
the actors and the institutional net that supports the handmade production in Latin America. Differently of the experiences listed in the regional scale, in Sergipe, after ten years, it was not identified progresses in relation to the elaboration of normative, addressed to that section,
lasting long the informality. The mismatch of the politics for the handmade ambit in that State evidences a disconnection among the actions fomented by the institutional net in the
territories for handmade cheese in the regional and global scales when there are advanced researches motivated by the symmetrical with intentions to the qualification of the products in an articulate way respecting the local knowing-doing.A produção artesanal de derivados do leite configura distintos territórios nas escalas geográficas local, regional e global. Essa iniciativa autônoma expressa a obstinação do agricultor alicerçado pela territorialidade e identidade na busca da sua reprodução social. Apoia-se na combinação com outras atividades como a agricultura, a rede de comercialização e o mercado consumidor que demanda os referidos produtos que resguardam relações simbólicas nos territórios, fundamentadas na tradição e nos hábitos culturais dos grupos. Utiliza matéria-prima produzida exclusivamente no seu estabelecimento rural e/ou adquire com vizinhos, parentes e outros. Emprega mão de obra familiar e de acordo com o volume processado, absorve trabalhadores temporários e permanentes. O queijo artesanal constitui alvo de perseguições movidas pelo mercado formal e pela rede institucional em decorrência da ilegalidade e do não cumprimento da legislação em vigor. A incompatibilidade da legislação e o caráter impeditivo para com o setor artesanal é visível, uma vez que esse modelo foi incorporado pelo Brasil na década de 1950 em acordo com as exigências do mercado dos Estados Unidos e direcionada à grande produção, desconsiderando a produção artesanal. A estratégia da produção de queijos artesanais norteia esta tese e enuncia-se como objetivo geral do presente estudo: desvelar a configuração do SIAL queijeiro artesanal sergipano, sua contribuição para a reprodução social de diferentes atores, a circulação de capital local/territorial e os seus reflexos no tecido social/cultural/econômico do espaço apropriado conformado em território. Desvendar essa alternativa no espaço rural fundamentase na abordagem cultural da geografia por meio das análises da categoria território e dos conceitos da territorialidade, identidade e redes, entrelaçadas pelas discussões pautadas nos sistemas produtivos locais, configurados na concentração de fabriquetas de queijo no Sertão Sergipano do São Francisco. As análises dessa estratégia foram direcionadas para além das dimensões mercantis, vinculando às dimensões sociais e culturais inerentes na/a atividade. Desse modo, tem-se a possibilidade de entender o espaço apropriado, transformado em território queijeiro que é heterogêneo e múltiplo, diferentemente dos vários territórios elencados nesta pesquisa nas escalas regional e global. A leitura dos outros territórios permitirá entender o paradigma das IG- Indicações Geográficas criado nos países da Europa e defendidas pelos atores e a rede institucional que apóia a produção artesanal na América Latina. Dessemelhante das experiências elencadas na escala regional, em Sergipe, após dez anos, não se identificaram avanços com relação à elaboração de normativas direcionadas a esse setor, perdurando informalidade. O descompasso das políticas para o âmbito artesanal neste Estado evidencia uma desconexão com as ações fomentadas pela rede institucional nos territórios queijeiros artesanais nas escalas regional e global quando avançam pesquisas motivadas pelas relações simétricas com vistas à qualificação dos produtos, de forma articulada, respeitando o saber-fazer local.
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Mbatia, Teresa Wanjiru. "Social-Political analysis of urban greenspaces in Nairobi : Perspectives on the (re)production and (re)construction of spatial injustice in the consumption of public nature reserves in the city : A critical inquiry into outcomes of non-state actors interventions in the management and conservation of urban protected areas." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30068/document.
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Cette thèse est sur l’historique et contemporain, social, politique et économique des forces, qui ont conduit à la (re) production et (re) construction d’injustice spatiale, de la consommation des espaces verts publics socialement valorisées urbaines à Nairobi. À l’aide d’un cadre de l’écologie politique urbaine (EPU), l’étude examine les forces structurant et les acteurs qui ont déterminé et continuent à la forme, les caractéristiques et les tendances, d’utilisation et accès, de la nature urbaine se réserve dans la ville. La question de recherche central de l’étude est, quels sont les processus sociaux, politiques et économiques passés et présents qui déterminent l’utilisation et l’accès des espaces verts urbains pour différents groupes sociaux à Nairobi? L’étude a été guidée par trois objectifs principaux : (1) d’enquêter sur le contexte historique, dynamique, sociale, politique et économique, impliqué dans les espaces verts urbains de création à Nairobi ; (2) afin d’étudier les politiques passées et présentes et des législations guidant l’utilisation, gestion et conservation de l’urbain protégé des zones, ainsi que les résultats des législations pour différents groupes sociaux et (3) d’examiner les résultats sociaux des interventions de l’acteur non étatique, dans la conservation et la gestion des aires protégées urbaines, sur l’utilisation et l’accès des espaces verts urbains publics, pour différents groupes sociaux. L’approche méthodologique utilisée était l’histoire de l’environnement et de la construction sociale de la nature. L’étude a recueilli des données qualitatives et analyse les informations à l’aide d’un style d’analyse critique du discours. Le premier argument que rend la thèse est que les inégalités sociales et spatiales dans l’utilisation et l’accès nos espaces verts urbains à Nairobi se fonde sur l’histoire urbaine de la ville coloniale, fondée par les impérialistes britanniques et mis au point à l’aide de la ségrégation raciale institutionnalisée, comme la principale stratégie de planification et de gestion urbaine. Basé sur un examen critique des résultats sociaux, des politiques et législations dans la période postcoloniale, je fais le deuxième argument que les gouvernements post indépendantes et moyens, a continué à reproduire injuste nos espaces verts urbains, en omettant de traiter l’oppression et l’autocratie, construit dans les forces structurantes et les institutions, hérités de l’administration coloniale. Par conséquent, pendant une longue période après l’indépendance, autre désenchantement des groupes sociaux vulnérables et marginalisés ont continué, limitant leur utilisation équitable et l’accès des ressources naturelles socialement valorisées. Le discours de l’époque est qu’ouverture aux acteurs non étatiques, augmentera les possibilités pour les groupes sociaux marginalisés et vulnérables, soient habilitées à prendre des décisions sur la gestion et l’utilisation durable des ressources. On croit que cela permettra aux collectivités de durablement pour utiliser et accéder aux ressources naturelles, réduire la pauvreté, améliorer les moyens de subsistance, prestation de services et améliorer la conservation et gestion. Ainsi, environ de la dernière décennie un, indépendant des gouvernements ont modifié leurs politiques, par l’ouverture à la participation du public dans la gestion et la conservation de la nature urbaine se réserve notamment dans la ville. Ces changements dans la politique font partie des déplacements plus loin le gouvernement de l’État centré, vers une autonomisation locale, conformément à la Constitution du Kenya a récemment promulgué (CoK) 2010. L’idée maîtresse de la thèse vient ici, où j’ai une question l’affirmation que la participation citoyenne permettra d’améliorer la justice sociale et spatialeThis thesis is about the historical and contemporary social, political and economic forces, that have led to the (re)production and (re)construction of spatial injustice, in the consumption of socially valued public urban green spaces in Nairobi. Using an Urban Political Ecology (UPE) framework, the study investigates the structuring forces and actors that have determined and continue to shape, patterns and trends, of use and access, of urban nature reserves in the city. The central research question of the study is, what are the past and present social, political and economic processes that determine use and access of urban greenspaces for different social user groups in Nairobi? The study was guided by three main objectives: (1) To investigate the historical context, that is, social, political and economic dynamics, involved in the creation urban greenspaces in Nairobi; (2) To investigate the past and present, policies and legislations guiding the use, management and conservation of the urban protected areas, as well as the outcomes of the legislations for different social user groups and (3) To examine the social outcomes of non-state actor’s interventions, in the conservation and management of urban protected areas, on use and access of public urban green spaces, for different social user groups. The methodological approach used was environmental history and the social construction of nature. The study collected qualitative data and analysed the information using a critical discourse analysis style. The first argument the thesis makes is that social and spatial inequalities in use and access urban greenspaces in Nairobi is grounded on the city’s colonial urban history, as founded by the British imperialists and developed using institutionalised racial segregation, as the main strategy for urban planning and management. Based on a critical review of the social outcomes, of policies and legislations in the post-colonial period, I make the second argument that the early and middle post-independent governments, continued to reproduce unjust urban greenspaces, by failing to address the oppression and autocracy, built in the structuring forces and institutions, inherited from the colonial government. Therefore, for a long time after independence, further disenfranchisement of vulnerable and marginalised social groups continued, limiting their equitable use and access of socially valued natural resources. The contemporary discourse is that opening up to non-state actors, will increase opportunities for the marginalised and vulnerable social groups, to be empowered in making decisions on sustainable resource use and management. It is believed that this will enable communities to sustainably use and access natural resources, reduce poverty, improve livelihoods, service delivery and enhance conservation and management. Thus, approximately for the past one decade, the post-independent governments have changed their policies, by opening up to public participation in management and conservation of urban nature reserves including in the city. These changes in policy are part of the wider shifts away from the state centred government, towards local empowerment, in line with the recently promulgated Constitution of Kenya (CoK) 2010. The main thrust of the thesis comes here, where I question the assertion that citizen participation will enhance social and spatial justice. Therefore, a larger part of the thesis investigates the social outcomes of interventions by non-state actors in management and conservation of the urban nature reserves, on different social user groups
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Penha, Emanuel Dheison dos Santos. "A percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social e valores Ãticos corporativos no comprometimento organizacional e satisfaÃÃo no trabalho em uma instituiÃÃo bancÃria." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16983.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEste estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de PrÃticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (PRSC) e dos Valores Ãticos Coorporativos (VEC) na SatisfaÃÃo no Trabalho (ST) e no Comprometimento Organizacional (CO) de funcionÃrios de uma instituiÃÃo financeira, instaladas no estado do CearÃ. A pesquisa teve como objetivos especÃficos investigar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; verificar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos no comprometimento organizacional; avaliar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC); investigar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de prÃticas de RSC na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; verificar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de prÃticas de RSC no comprometimento organizacional; avaliar o relacionamento entre a satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional; avaliar a influÃncia das variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa, no comprometimento organizacional, na percepÃÃo de valores Ãticos corporativos e na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho. A pesquisa à de natureza quantitativa, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso. Recorreu-se a anÃlise fatorial exploratÃria e confirmatÃria para a validaÃÃo das escalas, ao modelo de equaÃÃes estruturais para a confirmaÃÃo das hipÃteses e de tÃcnicas uni e multivariadas para a verificaÃÃo do efeito das variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas nos construtos. As hipÃteses da pesquisa estudos sÃo: os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente a satisfaÃÃo do trabalho; os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente o comprometimento organizacional; os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa dos funcionÃrios; a percepÃÃo de RSC influencia positivamente na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; a percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa influencia positivamente o Comprometimento Organizacional; existe uma correlaÃÃo positiva entre satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e Comprometimento Organizacional; e funcionÃrios voluntÃrios tÃm maiores nÃveis de satisfaÃÃo no trabalho, percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social Corporativa e Comprometimento Organizacional. Os resultados revelam que a adesÃo da empresa ao comportamento Ãtico e socialmente responsÃvel afeta positivamente a satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional dos funcionÃrios. Logo, os investimentos de empresas que querem manter seus funcionÃrios comprometidos e satisfeitos, devem dar importÃncia à elaboraÃÃo e disseminaÃÃo efetiva de um cÃdigo de Ãtica, bem como à adesÃo de prÃticas de RSC. Outro ponto evidenciado, foi que funcionÃrios participantes de algum programa de voluntariado do banco tÃm melhores Ãndices de PRSC, CO e ST. Por conseguinte, desenvolver, disseminar e pÃr em pratica programas de voluntariado na organizaÃÃo podem gerar vantagem competitiva na empresa, pois ajudam a manter talentos. TambÃm foi verificado que os VEC antecedem a PRSC; que a PRSC afeta positivamente o CO e a ST dos respondentes. Portanto, para seus funcionÃrios, a aparÃncia de empresa socialmente responsÃvel passa pela percepÃÃo de empresa ser Ãtica. Os resultados tambÃm evidenciaram que funcionÃrios que ocupavam cargos mais altos apresentaram Ãndices mÃdios de percepÃÃo maiores para os quatro construtos estudados, sendo o cargo a variÃvel sociodemogrÃfica que mais influenciou os Ãndices de percepÃÃo. Como limitaÃÃes da pesquisa, tem-se a nÃo representatividade da amostra, a presenÃa de muitos outliers, a aplicaÃÃo do questionÃrio diretamente na organizaÃÃo e o fato de o modelo de equaÃÃes estruturais nÃo pode assegurar uma relaÃÃo de causa e efeito. Para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se replicar o estudo em uma populaÃÃo maior, a nÃvel nacional, em uma amostra probabilÃstica em uma abordagem de mÃtodos mistos.
This study aims to analyze the influence of the perception of Practice for Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) and Ethical Values Corporative (EVC) on Job Satisfaction (JS) and Organizational Commitment (OC) of employees of a financial institution, installed on state of CearÃ. The research had the following objectives to investigate the influence of corporate ethical values in job satisfaction; check the influence of corporate ethical values in organizational commitment; evaluate the influence of corporate ethical values in the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices (CSR); investigate the influence of the perception of CSR practices in job satisfaction; check the influence of the perception of CSR practices in organizational commitment; evaluate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment; assess the influence of sociodemographic variables in the perception of corporate social responsibility practices in organizational commitment, the perception of corporate ethical values and job satisfaction. The research is quantitative held by a case study. Appealed to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scales, the structural equation model for confirming the assumptions and techniques univariate and multivariate to verify the effect of sociodemographic variables in the constructs. The hypotheses of the research studies are: corporate ethical values positively influence job satisfaction; corporate ethical values positively influence organizational commitment; corporate ethical values positively influence the perception of corporate social responsibility practices of employees; the perception of CSR positively influences job satisfaction; the perception of corporate social responsibility practices positively influence the organizational commitment; there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment; employees and volunteers have higher satisfaction levels at work, perception of social responsibility practices Corporate and Organizational Commitment. The results show that the accession of the company to ethical and socially responsible behavior positively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees. Logo, business investments that want to keep their committed and satisfied employees, should attach importance to the development and effective dissemination of a code of ethics, as well as the accession of CSR practices. Another point highlighted was that participating employees of any bank volunteer program have better rates of PRSC, CO and ST. Therefore, develop, disseminate and put into practice volunteer programs in the organization can generate competitive advantage in business because they help retain talent. It was also found that VEC prior to PRSC; the PRSC positively affect the CO and ST of respondents. So, for your employees, socially responsible company appearance passes by the realization company is ethical. The results also show that employees who occupy higher positions had average rates of greater awareness for the four constructs, and the charge of socio-demographic variable that most influenced the perception indices. The limitations of the research, it has not representativeness of the sample, the presence of many outliers, the questionnaire directly in the organization and the fact that the structural equation model canât ensure a relationship of cause and effect. For future research, it is suggested to replicate the study in a larger population at national level, in a probabilistic sample in an approach of mixed methods.
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Chabout, Jonathan. "Rôle(s) des motivations naturelles dans la prise décision : bases neurobiologiques et comportementales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817491.
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La prise de décision est un processus indispensable et vital pour les mammifères. Elle permet à l'individu de s'adapter aux changements qui s'opèrent dans son environnement et résulte de l'intégration d'informations sensorielles, émotionnelles, motivationnelles et exécutives (qui peuvent être internes ou externes à l'individu). Des études, à la fois chez le sujet humain (sujet sain, patients cérébrolésés ou atteints de pathologies psychiatriques), et sur les modèles animaux singe, rats ou souris, ont permis d'identifier le cortex préfrontal comme acteur crucial dans ces processus exécutifs complexes. La mise en place au sein de notre laboratoire d'un test d'interaction sociale permettant de générer des prises de décision rapides et adaptées en présence d'un congénère nouveau, nous a permis d'étudier les bases neurobiologiques et comportementales sous-jacentes à la prise de décision et à la flexibilité comportementale. Il est connu que les rongeurs émettent des USVs dont le rôle et les mécanismes motivationnels et/ou émotionnels restent largement inconnus à ce jour. Mon travail de thèse repose principalement sur l'identification des acteurs cérébraux de cette interaction sociale, et sur le rôle putatif des USVs. D'autre part, je me suis employé à comprendre comment les motivations naturelles (telles que la nourriture, l'exploration d'objet ou de l'environnement, et l'interaction avec un congénère) sont intégrées au canevas de prise de décision et comment elles l'influencent.Dans un premier temps, en utilisant des procédures d'imagerie cellulaire basée sur l'expression de gènes précoces (c-fos), et ce, à la fois chez des animaux contrôles et chez des animaux présentant des troubles des comportements sociaux (β2KO), nous avons pu mettre en évidence l'implication différentielle de sous-parties du cortex préfrontal chez la souris. Par la suite, la mise en place d'un logiciel spécifique d'analyse, ainsi que la modulation de l'état de motivation de l'animal lors de la tâche d'interaction sociale, nous a permis de mieux comprendre l'établissement de comportements adaptés lors de l'interaction sociale. Pour finir, en variant les contextes comportementaux, nous avons montré qu'il existe une relation étroite entre état émotionnel et motivationnel de l'animal et émission d'USVs. Notamment, les USVs semblent porter une information spécifique lors de l'interaction sociale qui reste encore largement à déterminer.
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Santos, Fernando Santiago dos. "A construção de material didático contextualizado como subsídio para as aulas de Ciências do ensino fundamental (II): uma experiência colaborativa em Cubatão, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-05012010-141326/.
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Este trabalho de pesquisa qualitativa aplicada, calcada em uma análise primariamente exploratória e descritiva, relata a trajetória de um grupo de trabalho colaborativo que confeccionou materiais didáticos subsidiários ao livro didático de Ciências no Ensino Fundamental II (6º ao 9º anos). Os docentes que participaram do trabalho colaborativo pertenciam, à época da pesquisa, à rede municipal da prefeitura de Cubatão (SP). A pesquisa, inédita na área de Ciências na referida rede municipal, desenvolveu-se com um grupo inicial de oito docentes, dos quais apenas cinco mantiveram-se até o término do projeto de pesquisa. Levantamentos de cunho bibliográfico e documental foram utilizados para a confecção dos materiais pelo grupo de docentes, ao passo que levantamentos da realidade socioeconômica e ambiental foram realizados em nove unidades municipais de ensino do município. Questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram aplicados a docentes e alunos, em momentos diversos da pesquisa. Além disso, todo o processo de trabalho colaborativo foi extensamente documentado e analisado de forma sistemática, durante as reuniões ordinárias com o grupo de professores, de forma individual e coletiva. A pesquisa baseia-se em um tripé norteador, a saber, contexto socioeconômico e ambiental / produção colaborativa / material didático contextualizado. Partimos do princípio de que é possível realizar um trabalho colaborativo de produção de materiais didáticos subsidiários ao livro didático de Ciências, considerando-se a realidade das comunidades de entorno em que as diversas unidades municipais de ensino se inserem, para que haja melhores práticas relacionadas aos temas previamente selecionados, tais como gravidez na adolescência, drogas, higiene, saúde, saneamento básico etc. Desta forma, foi possível acompanhar não somente o processo de confecção colaborativa, como também aplicar alguns dos materiais produzidos em unidades de ensino na forma piloto. Os resultados mostraram que a despeito de inúmeras dificuldades enfrentadas no trabalho colaborativo e na aplicação dos materiais-piloto nas unidades escolares, é viável a mobilização de projetos deste cunho para propor alternativas didáticas que utilizem materiais contextualizados e produzidos pelos próprios docentes.The current qualitative and applied research study, based upon a primarily descriptive and exploratory analysis, reports the process through which a group of collaborative work produced didactic materials that subsidize the Sciences school textbooks at the second cycle of the Primary School level (6th to 9th grades). Teachers who made part of the collaborative work group belonged to the public teaching board at the Cubatao municipality, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The research, which is new to the Sciences area in such municipality, started out with a group of eight teachers, but only five remained until the research was over. Not only bibliographical and documental surveys were carried out so that teachers could produce didactic materials, but also surveys on the social, economical and environmental conditions were applied at nine municipal schools. Questionnaires with open and closed questions, and structured interviews were handed out to both teachers and students, throughout various moments of the research program. Moreover, all of the collaborative work was extensively documented and systematically analyzed during ordinary meetings, by considering individuals and the group as a whole. The research work roots itself on a triple pointer, i.e., social, economical and environmental context / collaborative production / contextualized didactic material. We believe that it is possible to develop a collaborative work to produce didactic, subsidiary materials to be used in parallel with the Sciences school textbook, by taking into consideration the reality of the neighboring communities in which schools are located, so that better practices related to the previously chosen themes, such as pregnancy amongst teenager mothers, drugs, hygiene, health etc., could be applied. It was, thus, possible to check not only the collaborative production process itself, but also to apply some of the produced materials on a pilot-basis at municipal schools. Results have shown that, despite several difficulties that occurred during the collaborative work and the application of pilot materials at schools, it is still viable to carry on projects like the present one to propose didactic alternatives, which make use of contextualized materials produced by teachers themselves.
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Lauri, Marcus. "Narratives of governing : rationalization, responsibility and resistance in social work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119783.
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For many years, Sweden has had a reputation for having a comprehensive and women friendly welfare state. However, as in many other European countries during the past few decades, the organization and governing of welfare has undergone profound changes. Through interviews with social workers and the application of theories of governmentality, this thesis analyzes the expressions and consequences of such current organization and governing. One result is that the introduction of meticulous documentation practices of social workers contact with clients, regulate their interaction and constitute a control over both client and social worker. Another result is that the current organization fragments labor and awards more authority to managers, which functions to produce loyalty to the organization and management, rather than clients. This is expressed in demands not to voice protest, as it is said to create a bad mood. It is also expressed in demands to spend as little as possible on clients; short duration of treatment, preference for outpatient treatment and by making it difficult to receive financial support. This austerity is legitimized through the intermeshing of different ideals; budget awareness, evidence that supports short and outpatient treatment and that clients in order to change their course of life should to be allowed or coerced into taking individual responsibility. Another important finding is that the current governing and organization of social work produce distance and detachment, and thus discourage caring subjects. This is a complex process in which an assemblage of different techniques and rationalities undermines the cultivation of a relationship between social worker and client. 1) The ideal of evidence-based practice favors rigid methods over a flexible and holistic approach. 2) Ideals of rationality, closely connected to notions of masculinity and professionalism, value objectivity and devalue and deter the surfacing of emotions. 3) Meticulous practices of documentation reduce the amount of time available to meet clients. 4) Ideals and particular methods designed to promote individual responsibility in clients legitimize social workers distancing themselves from clients’ dependency and needs. 5) A division of labor, in either assessment or treatment, reduces time spent with clients for those who work with assessment and ultimately engage in the rationing of resources. 6) Standardized digital templates, installed to aid in assessments, regulate and proceduralize interactions with the client. 7) Austerity, heavy workloads, individualized responsibility and stress further accentuate distance, as detachment becomes a means to cope with arduous working conditions. The transformation of social work described above produces alienation and a fragmentation of social workers’ collective subjects. Simultaneously, an ethos of caring makes some social workers work extra hard to provide for clients, which ultimately covers for flaws in the system. Although such an ethos of caring allows for the further exploitation of social workers, it is also understood as a means of resistance, which in turn also forms the basis for organized resistance.Sverige har ett internationellt rykte för att ha en omfattande och kvinnovänlig välfärd. Även om riktigheten i en sådan uppfattning sedan länge ifrågasatts har på senare år, likt i många andra Europeiska länder, det svenska välfärdssystemet genomgått en omfattande förändring i avseende på dess räckvidd, men också dess organisering och styrning. Fokus för denna studie är just denna organisering och styrning, och mer specifikt, hur detta påverkar ett av välfärdens kanske mest centrala område: socialt arbete. Genom att intervjua socialarbetare undersöks i denna studie uttryck för och konsekvenser av en sådan förändring, bland annat genom att undersöka hur könsbundna föreställningar och förväntningar är sammanflätade med det sociala arbetets organisering och styrning. I studien konstateras att socialarbetare erfar att deras arbete genomgått omfattande förändringar, vilket kopplas ihop med både organiseringen och styrningen av det sociala arbetet. Detta uttrycks både i de ideal som kringgärdar arbetet men också i dominerande arbetssätt. En sådan förändring är införandet av omfattande dokumentationsprocedurer av socialarbetarens arbete och kontakt med klienter, vilket medför att kontakten med klienterna blir ytligare. Dokumentationsprocedurerna utgör också en sorts kontroll av både klienterna och socialarbetarna själva. En annan förändring som konstateras är att nya organisationsmodeller och en förändrad ledarskapskultur skapar förväntningar på socialarbetarna att vara lojala med organisationen och ledningen snarare än klienterna. Bland annat utrycks detta genom förväntningar att inte protestera och skapa dålig stämning på arbetsplatsen, men också genom uttalade krav att spendera så lite resurser som möjligt på klienterna; korta behandlingstider, öppenvårdsalternativ och orimligt hårda krav för att få ekonomiskt bistånd. Detta legitimeras genom sammanväxningen av flera olika ideal; budgetmedvetenhet, att klienter inte mår bra av långa institutionsvistelser, men också att klienterna ska tillåtas eller bör tvingas att klara att sig själva. Ett av studiens huvudresultat är att den nuvarande organiseringen och styrningen av socialt arbete skapar avstånd och likgiltighet. Genom flera sammankopplade ideal och arbetssätt styrs dagens socialarbetare till att bry sig mindre om de klienter de möter. På så sätt undermineras förutsättningarna för framväxten av en djup relation mellan socialarbetare och klient; 1) Idealet och kravet att socialarbetare ska arbeta utifrån evidens, det vill säga metoder och förhållningssätt som i speciellt utformade utvärderingsmodeller visat sig ha effekt, gör att väl strukturerade och rigida metoder ges företräde. Denna instrumentalisering underminerar ett flexibelt, relationsorienterat och helhetsfokuserat sätt att arbeta. Dessutom gör evidensidealets fokus på enskilda individer och avgränsade utvärderingstider att mer samhällsinriktat kritiskt och långsiktigt inriktat arbete undermineras. 2) Ett rationalitetsideal, tätt sammanbundet med föreställningar om professionalitet och maskulinitet, värderar objektivitet och förmågan att frikoppla socialarbetarens egna känslor från sitt arbete. Detta maskuliniserade professionsideal innebär att empati och solidaritet med klienten undergrävs. 3) Omfattande krav på olika former av dokumentation av det sociala arbetet gör att tiden som socialarbetaren har till sitt förfogande för att besöka och att ha möten med klienten blir knapp. 4) Ett allmänt samhällsideal kring individuellt ansvar och en särskild arbetsmetod (motiverande samtal) som många socialarbetare förväntas lära sig, framhäver klientens eget ansvar för och vilja till förändring. Detta legitimerar ett avståndstagande från klientens behov av hjälp och stöd enligt logiken ”du måste klara detta själv”. 5) En vanligt förekommande uppdelning av socialarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter i en så kallad beställar-utförarmodell gör att vissa socialsekreterare arbetar med hjälp och stöd, medan andra arbetar med bedömningar av klienters behov. De senare, som också har inflytande över resurstilldelning, blir med en sådan organisering av arbetet alltmer frikopplade från den stödjande och hjälpande verksamheten och kontakten med klienten. 6) Standardiserade digitala bedömningsinstrument, skapade för att på ett likvärdigt sätt bedöma klienters behov och dokumentera det sociala arbetet, reglerar och instrumentaliserar kontakten med klienter. 7) Tunga arbetsbördor, individualiserat ansvar och stress, bidrar ytterligare till att skapa avstånd och likgiltighet eftersom det för vissa utgör ett sätt att genomleva en ohållbar arbetssituation. En allmän åtstramning av socialtjänstens resurstilldelning förstås som en viktig orsak till behovet av att skapa ovan distansmekanismer. Men distansen hänger också ihop med en tendens till ett återupplivande av en tidigare dominerande förståelse av marginalisering och sociala problem; där människors nöd ses som ett utslag av dålig karaktär och ett resultat av dåliga individuella val. De förändringar av det sociala arbetets premisser som beskrivits ovan gör att socialarbetarna alltmer görs främmande inför sitt arbete – de alieneras. Detta främmandegörande uttrycks genom att inte kunna identifiera sig med arbetet självt, sina kollegor eller med sig själv. Ett sådant främmandegörande underminerar, eller fragmentiserar, både relationen till klienten, men också en känsla av gemenskap med andra socialarbetare. En gemenskap som kan utgöra ett ”vi” och ligga till grund för att ställa krav, protestera och göra motstånd mot avhumaniserande ideal och reformer. På så vis är främmandegörandet inte bara en konsekvens av dagens organisering och styrning, utan också något som fyller en viktig funktion för en sådan styrning och organisering, och genomförandet av en allmän åtstramning i socialpolitiken. Samtidigt som dagens organisering och styrning av socialt arbete är främmandegörande, slår vissa socialarbetare knut på sig själva och arbetar extra hårt för att täcka upp för systemets brister och krympande resurser, för att trots det svåra läget ändå försöka ge det stöd som de upplever att klienten behöver. Ett sådant historiskt förankrat femininiserat omsorgsideal, dvs känslor av ansvar och empati inför behövande och en ilska inför oförrätter, utgör därmed på samma gång grund för en fördjupad exploatering av socialarbetarna, och ett vardagligt motstånd mot rådande system. I ett läge när flera upplever att kollegialiteten som grund för motstånd på arbetsplatserna underminerats, utgör ett sådant omsorgsideal samtidigt också grunden för organiserat motstånd utanför arbetsplatsen, bortom chefernas insyn, kontroll och härskartekniker. Medan nuvarande styrningssystem underminerar ett visst sorts motstånd, uppstår samtidigt grunden för nya.
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Arreghini, Louis. "Formes et acteurs du changement territorial dans les périphéries du monde : dynamiques urbaines et mutations rurales en Bolivie." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647076.
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Dans un monde globalisé, les territoires de la périphérie du monde entrent dans un processus de changement continuel sous les contraintes de multiples acteurs, transnationaux, étatiques et locaux. Cette thèse s'est fixée comme objectif de révéler la spatialité de ces changements ainsi que les jeux d'acteurs qui y contribuent dans le cas de la Bolivie. Les hypothèses, qui postulent un irréversible processus d'autonomisation des territoires, ont résisté à l'épreuve des faits : les bouleversements politiques et sociaux intervenus pendant la période de la réalisation de ce projet. La thèse présente d'abord un positionnement épistémologique qui propose d'articuler l'espace et ses acteurs dans une perspective modélisatrice. Elle expose ensuite un cadre systémique de mise en cohérence des éléments de structuration et de changement territorial qui place, au centre, un système idéel construit à partir des signaux échangés par les acteurs afin de maîtriser ce changement territorial : signaux de domination, de pression ou de séduction engendrant des relations d'exploitation, de conflits ou de coopération. Ce système idéel est relié à des sous-systèmes matérialisés (organisation politico-administrative, système de villes et espaces de l'économie) qui subissent l'impact des changements étudiés. En effet, les politiques territoriales sont les rétroactions d'un tel système. Le traitement de chaque sous-système matérialisé correspond à un changement d'échelle géographique. Les modèles spatiaux à base de chronochorèmes complètent l'étude dynamique du changement. Ces choix méthodologiques permettent une lecture géographique des résultats suivants : - L'efficacité des mouvements sociaux réside moins dans la matrice sectorielle et professionnelle que dans leur assise territoriale .-L'État concentre ses réformes sur le sous-système matérialisé de l'organisation politico-administrative car il semble n'avoir prise ni sur le système des villes, ni sur les espaces et territoires de l'économie. Il n'est jamais parvenu jusqu'à présent à un accord qui lui aurait permis d'équilibrer dépenses sociales et investissements productifs. Un consensus social devra également être trouvé pour rendre viable un État plurinational. L'État concentre sur lui la majorité des signaux et établit ses politiques territoriales en fonction de leur pression. - La toute puissance technologique et financière des acteurs transnationaux se heurtent à l'efficacité des mouvements sociaux. Toutefois, ces acteurs restent à terme des pièces importantes d'un jeu où , pourvoyeurs d'activité et d'emplois, ils continueront à produire de l'espace et à consommer des territoires
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Breed, Ida. "Social production of ecosystem services through the articulation of values in landscape design practice in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50841.
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The implications of projected urbanisation for human well‐being and ecosystem integrity for social‐ecological
resilience emphasise the latent potential of facilitated landscapes and the values and knowledge of landscape
design practitioners. This study therefore considers how to operationalise values in landscape design practice
so as to achieve a balanced social production of ecosystem services. It uses the dual methods of constructivist
content analysis of design projects featured in three prominent profession‐focused magazines and
interpretivist analysis of semi‐structured interviews with experts in the landscape design industry. The
combined findings indicate that, contrary to what scientific literature and theory propounds, landscape design
practitioners perceive Cultural and Regulating Services as more important than Provisioning or Supporting
Services. This reflects concern for social and community matters, sustainability, and the showcasing of design
and aesthetics. For designers, two pertinent concerns are contextual influences on design and design as part of
professional identity. These preferences result in the neglect of Intrinsic and Fundamental Nature Values and
Intangible Landscape Values. In response, this study identifies social practices that show potential for the
operationalisation of values in the profession: education, legislation, rating systems and award systems. From
these, award systems are selected because they provide both intrinsic and extrinsic incentives and show best
potential for the South African context. The analysis of existing award systems revealed trends and discourses
in the industry, and shortcomings in the awards criteria. The study recommends that the awards criteria
specifically articulate all Functional Values of biodiversity, all categories of ecosystem services, all Nature
Values, and reflect both tangible and intangible Landscape Values. Operationalisation as part of the awards
can be achieved in five ways: through social rituals, alignment with existing values, concepts of
multifunctionality and Cultural Services; and examples of best practice. This study promotes inclusionary
processes that respect different kinds of knowledge and values in the South African landscape, which can
contribute to the needs of the majority of the population. The study calls for the reorientation of values inside
the built environment so that the long‐term societal benefits and losses of various land use scenarios are
effectively considered in design decisions.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2015
Architecture
PhD
Unrestricted
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Hoon, Elizabeth. "Beyond the deferential worker: gendered, classed and rural meanings of work for production workers in a large wine producing organisation." 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/48870.
Full textAbstract:
My central concern in this thesis is to extend understandings of how the social categories of rurality, gender and class are implicated in subjective meanings and the claiming of worth (associated with paid work) for a group of rural-based wine production workers. However, this concern does not reflect a relativist stance whereby all gendered, classed and rural experiences are read as equal but different, as this would deny symbolic and material inequalities. The core research question is: What gendered classed and rural subjective meanings do women and men production workers in the wine industry give their working selves? A key impetus for this study was my desire to represent working people's lives through a dynamic model of class, gender and rurality that overcomes the limitations of analyses which portray the lives of people, who have limited access to dominant symbolic discourses and processes, solely through the lens of deficit models of class and gender (Savage 2000, 2005; Skeggs 2004a). The overall methodological approach stressed the 'qualitative'. A feminist interpretation of constructivist grounded theory methodology framed the research (Charmaz 2000). Data generation involved two in-depth, face-to-face interviews with a sample of 16 workers (8 women and 8 men) based within the production function of a rural-based corporate wine organisation in South Australia. In the first interview I used a life history orientated approach and in the second I used a semi-structured interview schedule to examine the workers' current working lives, reflecting an understanding that rather than merely having experiences, 'subjects are constituted through experience' (Skeggs 1997). Interpretative analysis (using NUDIST) of the data re-orientated my engagement with established analyses of rurality, gender and class in order to build new, empirically-driven understandings of how multiple social categories are implicated in lived experiences. Preliminary data analysis led me to engage with Bourdieu's (1984) key concept of economic, social and cultural capitals as an analytical tool to examine how rural, gendered and classed lived experiences gave meanings to these workers. I have also paid attention to Skeggs' (2004a) argument that contemporary 'class making' involves uneven value attribution, the conferring of use values on practices and goods, engagement with inscriptions of value (inscription of lack of value and contestation of this), and critique of 'undeserved' exchange-based capitals as well as unequal access to exchangeable capitals. Skeggs' theoretical contribution has been extended to gendered and rural processes to examine how workers claim worth (as a worker) through these as well as classed processes. An exploration of the workers' family and work-based trajectories (including family historical ties to the local wine region, educational experiences and working trajectories) demonstrates the multiple ways in which class, gender and rurality are involved in lived experiences. The data highlight the ongoing influences of accrual of capital values (both use and exchange) tied to family upbringing and working trajectories, while analysis of current meanings of work provides greater detail on how the workers engage with value attribution of capital values, claiming worth in their work through challenging 'undeserved' capital values of winemakers, managers and technical experts.
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Samuel, Hanneman. "The development of sociology in Indonesia : the production of knowledge, state formation and economic change /." 1999. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20050411.093451.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D) - Swinburne University of Technology, 1999.Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology, 1999. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 320-352).
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Klán, Jan. "Krize českého sociálního státu, jeho reforma a dopad na měnící se kvalitu života lidí v důchodovém věku." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331796.
Full textAbstract:
The author valorizes also his practical experiences of a left-oriented politician and first results from sociological research has set an objective to check two hypotheses: 1) that in the conditions of global capitalism development to save and fully revitalize the social state in his conception of a factor that is not only mitigating urgent social inequalities, but also raise the society and cultivates the human being, 2) that in the process of capitalist crises and the crises of a social state, senior citizens living from their pensions belong to the most threatened social groups. Methodologically the author claims to belong to modern Marxism and critically demarcate himself both from stalinism as well as from the recent official ideology, above all neoliberalism. The author refuses also the attempts to equate Marxism and the policy of KSČM to the ideology of the past governing class of controlling apparatus and comprehend the KSČM as a party disguised as Stalinist, anti human and non-democratic and in agreement with the program of this party that it represent in the Parliament of Czech Republic belongs to the self- managed socialism as a long-term objective of a societal transformation. As far as the method is concerned, in the view of a certain interdisciplinarity of the present publication, the...
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Válková, Monika. "Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322250.
Full textAbstract:
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií Název oboru Filozofie Disertační práce (obor Aplikovaná etika) Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému The Application of Ethical Principles in the Development of the Health System Mgr. Monika Válková Vedoucí práce: Doc. prim. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, Ph.D. Praha 2013 2 Anotace Disertační práce na téma Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému je zaměřena na etické principy, které se promítaly ve vývoji zdravotnického systému v České republice. Solidarita, spravedlnost , rovnost a právo na zdraví jsou základní etické principy uplatňované ve zdravotnických systémech Z historického hlediska je solidarita nejstarším etickým principem , která měla vliv na utváření jednotlivých typů sociálních států v Evropě. Solidarita je zkoumána z pohledu vývoje sociálního zabezpečení v době nemoci a chudoby. Zdravotnický systém v České republice je hodnocen z hlediska uplatňování etických principů v různých etapách společenského uspořádání země od Rakouska Uherska a ž do současnosti. V praktické části disertační práce byly srovnávány s Českou republikou zdravotnické systémy Švédska a Francie dle etických principů solidarita, spravedlnost, rovnost a právo na zdraví Hlavním cílem disertační práce bylo prokázat na základě vybraných...
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Havran, Mikuláš. "Problematika soudržnosti společnosti." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352238.
Full textAbstract:
S U M M A R Y This submitted dissertation thesis deals with the problematics of social cohesion through effects analysis of cultural values on the development of social and political relations in a society as such. The efforts of the thesis are not only directed towards articulation of Rawls's principals of justice, but they also reveal the desire to connect with the topic of the basic human rights from which questions of a suitable concept of societies derive. It actually means that the suitable concept in which it would be possible to achieve, from the point of view of intersubjective relations, a sufficient level of social cohesion and that way to strengthen an important factor for sustainability of social relations in societies as such. From the point of view of methodology, these thesis are for sufficient review as well as easier orientation in the whole work divided into 4 parts, which split further into 5 chapters. Before the four parts, the INTRODUCTION comes and it tries to be not only practical, but also academic in style to provide an introductory beginning of my work. Then, it is possible to say that every part of the four in my thesis deals with a research area of social sciences that is related to politological research as such. Nevertheless, my intention is to persuade readers that there is a...
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Stasko, Carly. "A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and Healing." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18109.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.