Books on the topic 'Social work within the health care system'

This chapter describes the OSC measurement system. The OSC measure assesses culture, climate, and worker attitudes as the key components of OSC. Including multiple dimensions of culture and climate, the OSC measure provides a personality profile of organizations based on the responses of direct service providers within the work units that are assessed. Empirically derived, the dimensions and resulting measurement profiles allow users to assess the health of their organization’s social context using national norms for behavioral health and social service organizations. The authors explain the use of the OSC measure in their ARC organizational improvement process, and they integrate research and case examples to illustrate how the OSC measure can be applied for organizational assessment and change efforts. These efforts include using social context profiles to identify targets for change, action plans, and objectives to achieve within organizational development efforts.

A debate on public goods is urgently needed in health care. Care must be recognized as a social function, as an occupation and, at the same time, as a human right—which imposes binding obligations to comply with precise standards of quality, quantity, suitability, adaptability, and accessibility, among others. It is a complex and invisible task, that may be done as part of a medical treatment, post-surgical recovery process, or permanent support in cases of chronic illness, disability, or mental health conditions. And it tends to be provided mainly in the home, by women, without remuneration. In Latin America, care has not been included in a coordinated and specific public health policy agenda but has been advanced through isolated actions—in many cases highly fragmented and heterogeneous—without a clear awareness of the public nature of care and the associated responsibility of the State. Accordingly, this document takes a gender and rights-based approach. It starts with an analysis of the main definitions of unpaid work in the health sector, and then focuses on initiatives in three Latin American countries (Colombia, Costa Rica, and Uruguay) with regard to measurement, valuation, integration, and recognition in national health systems or policies, in care models, and in time-use surveys. The conclusions propose recommendations aimed at addressing unpaid care as an essential element of social policies in general, and health policies in particular, from a gender and rights-based perspective.

Expert public psychiatrists use case studies to share best practice strategies in this clinically oriented introduction to community mental health. Today, the majority of psychiatrists work with people who suffer not only from mental illness but also from poverty, trauma, social isolation, and discrimination. Psychiatrists cannot do this work alone but, instead, are part of teams of behavioral health workers navigating larger health care and social service systems. In an increasingly complex health care environment, mental health clinicians need to master systems-based practice in order to provide optimal care to their patients. The rapid development of public psychiatry training programs is a response to the learning needs of psychiatrists in an evolving system. This book begins with seven foundational principles of public psychiatry—recovery, trauma-informed care, integrated care, cultural humility, harm reduction, systems of care, and financing care—using cases to bring these concepts to life. Then, using a population health framework, cases are used to explore the typical needs of different age groups or vulnerable populations and to illustrate evidence-based/best practices that have been employed to meet these needs. Common to all of the chapters is a focus on the potential of each person, regardless of illness, to achieve personal goals, supported by a clinician who is also an advocate, activist, and leader.

This book argues that mental health social work needs to be located within the wider political and social policy landscape. Wider societal attitudes to mental illness are examined followed by a discussion of the development of community care. The author argues that these historical perspectives provide an insight into the roots of the current crisis in mental health services. The book goes on to analyse a range of contemporary issues and challenges in mental health social work. It argues that social inequality and policies of austerity have increased levels of mental distress. It calls for a rediscovery of core social work values and a rejection of bureaucratic managerialism.

Over 1,700 entriesThe new edition of this dictionary has been fully revised to provide up-to-date definitions of terms from the field of social care, concentrating on social work as a significant area within this field. Covering social work theories, methods, policies, organizations, and statutes, as well as key terms from interdisciplinary topics such as health and education, this is the most up-to-date dictionary of its kind available. It also provides extended entries on specialisms such as children and families, domestic violence, and residential care and has been updated to include new legislation.Useful appendices include a glossary of acronyms and a Table of Legislation, Regulations, and Codes of Practice. Entry-level further reading recommendations and web links provide further resources.It is a must-have for students of social care and related subjects, as well as for qualified social workers undertaking continuing professional development programmes.

This book is for youth workers, social workers, mental health staff, specialist teachers, family support workers, and so on, whose clients present with comorbidity, risk, and difficulty accessing mainstream services. It describes inevitably stressful, unsettling work, providing effective help in complex helping systems. An innovative response emerges, building on adaptive (evidence-based) mentalization-based theory and practice. Uniquely, AMBIT applies mentalizing not only directly, in work with clients, but also in work: (a) with the team, (b) with wider (often “dis-integrated”) networks, and (c) creating cultures of learning and radical transparency. AMBIT is as much an improvement system for teams as a “therapy”—strengthening team identity and coherence, and supporting a wider community of practice. Linking evidence-based practice to practice-based evidence, the book concludes with impact descriptions from some of the nearly 200 AMBIT-trained teams, a client’s perspective, and a challenging analysis of systems of care pointing toward the need to create more mentalizing systems.

Health services research is a practically focused discipline drawing on the social and behavioral sciences and concerned with the organization, financing, and delivery of services. Investigators studying HIV services examine how well healthcare and other systems meet needs, eliminate disparities, integrate services, eliminate barriers, and provide care to socially marginal and stigmatized individuals, such as injection drug users and people who are incarcerated. These issues have been important from the earliest days of the HIV epidemic and have taken on increased significance as efficacious treatments have been developed and, more recently, changes in the financing of care have reduced the number of uninsured. This chapter this focuses primarily on research in the United States with a review of recent work on financing, service fragmentation, and difficulties integrating different sectors of care, as well as problems related to the functioning of medicine in a complex, stratified society. Also addressed are certain general features of the Affordable Care Act that are relevant to HIV care and psychiatry.

Public health has been described as the organized activities of society to improve and protect the health of the population. Health economics applied to public health is the study of how we allocate our scarce societal resources to meet our public health wants and needs in the best way possible. This book presents current thinking on health economics methodology and application to the evaluation of public health interventions (PHIs). It is for health economists working in higher education and public healthcare systems, challenged with the economic evaluation of PHIs, when they have been used to applying health economics and the methods of economic evaluation to narrower clinical interventions in primary or secondary care settings. This book will also be of interest to public health practitioners wanting to incorporate health economics into their daily work. This book covers the history of economics of public health and the economic rationale for government investment in prevention; principles of health economics including scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost; evidence synthesis; key methods of economic evaluation with accompanying case studies; economic modelling of public health interventions; return on investment analysis with national and international case studies; and application of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) to the prioritization of PHIs. It concludes with priorities for research in the field of public health economics, spanning an acknowledgement of the role played by the natural environment in promoting better health, through to precision public health, recognizing the role of genetics, the environment, and socioeconomic status in determining population health.

Inattentive care and lack of compassion exacerbated the Whites’ suffering, leading to unconscionable indignity for both in the nursing home. Ken and Virble White were a part of the ongoing fabric of our society, that portion which includes the working poor. We know that individuals like them are subject to worse health outcomes. They possess inadequate resources to make the health system work in their favor or even on balance with the rest of the population. Their medical decision-making takes place in a context of inadequate patient–physician communication, low health literacy, lack of access to social services, and other factors that undermine optimal care. These factors are present in different ways throughout the life experience of disempowered patients every day in clinics, hospitals, and assisted-living facilities throughout the nation.

Cherokee Health Systems (CHS) has provided health care throughout east Tennessee for over 50 years. This chapter describes its innovative model of integrated care. CHS offers primary and some specialty medical care, comprehensive behavioral services, dental, pharmacy, school-based, social, and public health services, all within a deeply integrated, comprehensive system of clinics and care settings. Each patient has a team of clinicians and staff that is constituted to deal with that patient’s needs, but usually includes primary care clinicians, behavioral health clinicians (including psychiatrists, if appropriate), clinical pharmacists, care managers, and others working as a team. CHS makes extensive use of telehealth, particularly for psychiatric consultation, pharmacy counseling, primary care, and specialty medical consultation. Psychiatrists operate in multiple roles, including as primary clinicians, consultants to primary care and other behavioral health clinicians, team leaders, and educators. CHS is a growing, financially stable system that continues to expand across east Tennessee.

This book is based on over 40 years work in public health at a time of unprecedented change and challenge. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of working at different levels of action, very much ‘how to do it and how it was done’. As such it is a personal account. This period marked a new era in which the previous medical paradigm, dating from the mid-nineteenth century, was replaced by a broader, multidisciplinary approach, grounded in social science, the humanities, ecology, and public engagement with the politics of health once more coming into focus. The author uses case studies, storytelling, and real-life experience of establishing a new and revitalized public health system in the North West of England to bring the subject alive for a new generation of students and practitioners. Building on historic insights and timeless lessons from the Victorian and early-twentieth-century pioneers, he traces the evolution of the new thinking and its translation into action. The volume offers a rich menu of examples of responses to an array of new challenges ranging from new infections, such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola, to the lifestyle diseases of the new age, and the application of public health thinking to mental health and the problems of an ageing population. The external threats to health from the environment and as a result of man-made disasters and emergencies are extensively covered. The author brings a fresh approach to public health and the communication of public health issues. This work is accessible and stimulating, speaking to a wide range of audiences and sharing his passion for the subject.

The Handbook provides an authoritative overview of current issues and debates in the field of health care management. It contains over twenty chapters from well known and eminent academic authors internationally who were carefully selected for their expertise and asked to provide a broad and critical overview of developments in their particular topic area. The development of an international perspective and body of knowledge is a key feature of the book. The Handbook secondly makes a case for bringing back a social science perspective into the study of the field of health care management. It therefore contains a number of contrasting and theoretically orientated chapters (e.g. on institutionalism; critical management studies). This social science based approach is a refreshing alternative to much existing work in this domain and offers a good way into current academic debates in this field. The Handbook thirdly explores a variety of important policy and organizational developments apparent within the current health care field (e.g. new organizational forms; growth of management consulting in health care organizations). It therefore explores and comments on major contemporary trends apparent in the practice field .

Positive body image entails appreciating, loving, respecting, nurturing, protecting, and seeing beauty in the body regardless of its consistency with media appearance ideals. Embodiment reflects a connection between the mind and the body, which have a continual dialectical relationship with the world, and includes positive body connection, body agency and functionality, attuned self-care, positive experiences with body desires, and living in the body as a subjective rather than objectified site. This 38-chapter handbook reviews current knowledge of positive body image and embodiment, as well as future directions for work in these areas, which will be useful for mental health researchers, practitioners, advocates, and activists. Nine chapters review constructs that represent the positive ways we live in our bodies: experiences of embodiment, body appreciation, body functionality, body image flexibility, broad conceptualization of beauty, mindful attunement, intuitive eating, attunement with exercise, and attuned sexuality. Fifteen chapters speak to how we can cultivate positive body image and embodiment by expanding physical freedom (mindful movement, personal safety, connection to agency and desire); mental freedom (resisting objectification, stigma, media images, and gender-related molds); and social power (within families, peers, support systems, and online contexts). Last, 14 chapters address novel ways we can enhance positive body image and embodiment through individual and social interventions that focus on compassion, acceptance, emotional regulation, mindfulness, social justice, movement (yoga), cognitive dissonance, media literacy, and public health and policy initiatives.

Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.

Cross-border migration of people from one country to another has become an increasingly important feature of the globalizing world and it raises many important economic, social, and political issues. Migration is overwhelmingly from less developed to more developed countries and regions. Some of the factors affecting migration include: differences between wages for equivalent jobs; access to the benefits system of host countries plus state education, housing, and health care; and a desire to travel, build new skills and qualifications, and develop networks. On a more economic standpoint, studies show that labor migration provides various advantages. Migrants can provide complementary skills to domestic workers, which can raise the productivity of both. Migration can also be a driver of technological change and a fresh source of entrepreneurs. Much innovation comes from the work of teams of people who have different perspectives and experiences. Furthermore, a convenient way to accommodate individual actors in the global economy is to view them as economically dependent workers rather than as citizens capable of bringing about social change. The economic globalization process has modified this perspective to some extent, with greater recognition of the integration of a diverse, but nationally based, workforce into production patterns that can span several sovereign jurisdictions and world regions.

White liberal race fiction has been an enduringly popular genre in American literary history. It includes widely read and taught works such as Huckleberry Finn and To Kill a Mockingbird along with period bestsellers now sometimes forgotten. Hollywood regularly adapted them into blockbusters, reinforcing their cultural influence. These novels and films protest slavery, confront stereotypes, dramatize social and legal injustices, engage the political controversies of their time, and try to move readers emotionally toward taking action. The literary forms and arguments of these books derive from the cultural work they intend to do in educating the minds and hearts, and propelling the actions, of those who think they are white—indeed, in making the social construction of that whiteness readable and thus more susceptible of reform. The white writers of these fictions struggle with their own place in systems of oppression and privilege while asking their readers to do the same. The predominance of women among this tradition’s authors leads to exploring how their critiques of gender and race norms often reinforced each other. Each chapter provides a case study combining biography, historical analysis, close reading, and literary theory to map the significance of this genre and its ongoing relevance. This tradition remains vital because every generation must relearn the lessons of antiracism and formulate effective cultural narratives for passing on the intellectual and emotional tools useful in fighting injustice.

Paediatric rheumatic illnesses are among the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. These illnesses have important impacts on patient's body functions and structures, activities, and social participation. Knowledge about the effect and consequences of these diseases is necessary to formulate appropriate aims of treatments. The multidimensional outcomes of paediatric rheumatic diseases and their measurement are reviewed in this chapter. Outcome measurement is complex in patients who have growing needs and changing expectations as they develop, especially in chronic conditions that have a variable and often unpredictable course, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Considerable work has been conducted recently in an effort to better define and value global outcomes for these patients. New and reliable outcome measures have been developed to capture all aspects of the patient's life and integrate the patients' perspective. Existing outcome studies of paediatric rheumatic diseases have consistently shown, even though differing in their methodology, that patient outcomes have improved over the last decade. More patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic conditions survive into adulthood, and patients' long-term health, functional, and quality of life outcomes have improved. However, outcomes are still less than ideal. More than one-half of the patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases have ongoing active disease in early adulthood. Over one-third have evidence of disability and organ damage, with each underlying disease being associated with specific complications. Clearly, given the inherent potential for disability, morbidity, even mortality, young people with paediatric-onset rheumatic diseases require ongoing medical care into adulthood.

Paediatric rheumatic illnesses are among the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. These illnesses have important impacts on patient’s body functions and structures, activities, and social participation. Knowledge about the effect and consequences of these diseases is necessary to formulate appropriate aims of treatments. The multidimensional outcomes of paediatric rheumatic diseases and their measurement are reviewed in this chapter. Outcome measurement is complex in patients who have growing needs and changing expectations as they develop, especially in chronic conditions that have a variable and often unpredictable course, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Considerable work has been conducted recently in an effort to better define and value global outcomes for these patients. New and reliable outcome measures have been developed to capture all aspects of the patient’s life and integrate the patients’ perspective. Existing outcome studies of paediatric rheumatic diseases have consistently shown, even though differing in their methodology, that patient outcomes have improved over the last decade. More patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic conditions survive into adulthood, and patients’ long-term health, functional, and quality of life outcomes have improved. However, outcomes are still less than ideal. More than one-half of the patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases have ongoing active disease in early adulthood. Over one-third have evidence of disability and organ damage, with each underlying disease being associated with specific complications. Clearly, given the inherent potential for disability, morbidity, even mortality, young people with paediatric-onset rheumatic diseases require ongoing medical care into adulthood.

Paediatric rheumatic illnesses are among the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. These illnesses have important impacts on patient’s body functions and structures, activities, and social participation. Knowledge about the effect and consequences of these diseases is necessary to formulate appropriate aims of treatments. The multidimensional outcomes of paediatric rheumatic diseases and their measurement are reviewed in this chapter. Outcome measurement is complex in patients who have growing needs and changing expectations as they develop, especially in chronic conditions that have a variable and often unpredictable course, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Considerable work has been conducted recently in an effort to better define and value global outcomes for these patients. New and reliable outcome measures have been developed to capture all aspects of the patient’s life and integrate the patients’ perspective. Existing outcome studies of paediatric rheumatic diseases have consistently shown, even though differing in their methodology, that patient outcomes have improved over the last decade. More patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic conditions survive into adulthood, and patients’ long-term health, functional, and quality of life outcomes have improved. However, outcomes are still less than ideal. More than one-half of the patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases have ongoing active disease in early adulthood. Over one-third have evidence of disability and organ damage, with each underlying disease being associated with specific complications. Clearly, given the inherent potential for disability, morbidity, even mortality, young people with paediatric-onset rheumatic diseases require ongoing medical care into adulthood.

This chapter provides an overview of the practice of palliative care volunteering and volunteer management in Australia. The history of volunteering in Australia is briefly considered as are the formative influences that have shaped volunteer services within the palliative care system. The chapter outlines the federated model of health funding, and the various service models within which volunteers are supported. Data from recent research is used to illustrate models of volunteer support in the state of New South Wales. The chapter considers the way in which volunteering is changing in Australia, the shifting demographics of volunteers, the effect of risk management on volunteer satisfaction, and the revival of interest in hospices. Factors that contribute to success are also considered including the positive effect of organizational support for the work of the volunteers, the skills of the volunteer manager, and the importance of acknowledging and including volunteers in aspects of service management.

In this chapter, four case studies offer practical examples of implementation approaches that can accelerate evidence-based cancer prevention. The applied knowledge from the cases adds to the understanding that culture, context, politics, and partnership are key elements in driving health improvement, and although not always well understood or easily measured, they are a reminder that cancer prevention and care delivery exist within a complex system. In considering transformations in health care, moving from a linear and deconstructed model of delivery to consider complex adaptive models that could drive better outcomes was key to improved outcomes. Similarly, understanding context and complexity is a key consideration for implementing cancer prevention and control interventions into existing multisector social systems, be they health care, community, or statewide systems.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan sets out the Organization’s strategic direction, based on the collective priorities of its Member States, and specifies the public health results to be achieved during the period 2020-2025. The Plan establishes the joint commitment of PAHO Member States and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau for the next six years. PAHO Member States have clearly stated that the Strategic Plan is a principal instrument for implementation of the Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018-2030 (SHAA2030) and thus for realizing the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Region of the Americas. The 11 SHAA2030 goals form the impact-level objectives of this Plan. Under the theme Equity at the Heart of Health, this Plan seeks to catalyze efforts in Member States to reduce inequities in health within and between countries and territories in order to improve health outcomes. The Plan identifies specific actions to tackle health inequality, including those recommended by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas, with guidance from the High-level Commission for Universal Health. Four cross-cutting themes are central to this Plan’s approach to addressing the determinants of health: equity, gender, ethnicity, and human rights. In addition to highlighting an integrated multisectoral approach, this Plan applies evidence-based public health strategies, such as health promotion, the primary health care approach, and social protection in health, to address the social determinants. In addition to directly addressing the regional priorities established in the SHAA2030, this Plan aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO) 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13) and with other regional and global mandates in force during the planning period.

Organization- and health system-level determinants of cancer outcomes are critical to understand. Studies focusing only on individual- or provider-level factors contributing to differential outcomes may mask the important, and often far-reaching, influence of organizational and system-wide structures, policies, norms, and behaviors that drive outcomes. This chapter explores case studies including implementation of patient reported outcomes symptom monitoring within a large academic medical center; cancer patient navigation programs to reduce social, economic, cultural, and system barriers to timely cancer care; how psychosocial support has been integrated into community-based and Veterans Administration (VA) oncology programs; and implementing Lynch syndrome testing within a VA integrated health care system.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

The introduction outlines the overall purpose, rationale, and contribution of the book. Its first theme is an exploration of the production, absorption, and adaption of various management knowledges within a set of English health care organizations. Since the 1980s, there has been a significant expansion of a management knowledge production and consumption system within public agencies, as well in private-sector firms. While there is now a substantial academic literature on management knowledge, we here distinctively relate preferred management knowledges found locally within health care organizations to the influence of the macro-level political economy of public services ‘reforming’. Its second theme is the analysis of the overall and national trajectory of public management reform in England in the period since the global financial crisis (2008) under the Coalition government (2010–15), which updates our own, and others’, prior work. Finally, the introduction provides signposts to the later chapters.

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Human service work is performed in many places – hospitals, shelters, households – and is characterised by a complex mixture of organising principles, relations and rules. Using ethnographic methods, researchers can investigate these site-specific complexities, providing multi-dimensional and compelling analyses. Bringing together both theoretical and practical material, this book shows researchers how ethnography can be carried out within human service settings. It provides an invaluable guide on how to apply ethnographic creativeness and offers a more humanistic and context-sensitive approach in the field of health and social care to generating valid knowledge about today’s service work.

Acute inpatient mental health care remains an irreplaceable part of some people’s mental health recovery pathway, either through the severity of their difficulties or the associated risks. It can often be a traumatic experience associated with distress and vulnerability both for patients and their relatives. Modern acute inpatient psychiatric care must undoubtedly be truly multidisciplinary and part of a wider community-based system. It must emphasize dignity, compassion, and well-being as well as addressing challenges such as involuntary admissions, cultural diversity, physical comorbidities, and the needs of relatives, just to name a few. The present textbook focuses on these and related issues in a way that is relevant to frontline clinicians dealing with them daily, with medical, nursing, and legal aspects going hand in hand with topics such as team leadership or multidisciplinary work. The textbook describes inpatient services as provided in England, so it describes work that takes place within a national health service free at the point of delivery, carried out by universal primary care as well as secondary mental health care services, both operating within clinical governance structures that seek quality improvement and accountability. Crucially, both the Mental Health Act and the Mental Capacity Act provide unique legal frameworks for the care of mental ill health. The editors hope that for readers in the UK and beyond, the textbook will provide a real-life system which can be questioned and problematized and, in that way, may help to orient clinical work.

Pharmacists, and pharmacy students, normally have a limited exposure to the principles and structures of emergency management necessary to help coordinate effective and rapid responses. However, pharmacists’ work in disaster preparedness has taken many focuses. Community pharmacists develop emergency preparedness manuals, organize health-system pharmacy teams to respond to terrorism attacks, and identify essential actions for effective emergency response. This chapter focuses on the US health care system and emergency preparedness within its borders, starting with basic terminology and concepts and then moving onto the key components of U.S. National Response Frameworks and the role of pharmacists in the Frameworks and larger emergency preparedness and planning efforts.