Academic literature on the topic 'Socialbidrag Socialbidrag'

I alla tider har det funnits en oro för att den behovsprövade hjälpen kan ha negativa effekter på hjälptagarna. Man har menat att den utvecklar en "understödstagaranda" och att den har "incitamentshämmande" effekter. Vi prövar här om socialbidraget har några effekter mellan generationerna så att barn som växer upp i familjer som får socialbidrag själva löper en större risk att bli socialbidragstagare. Analysen sker med hjälp av data från Projekt Metropolit som ger ass möjlighet att följa barn födda i Storstockholm år 1953 ända fram till vuxenålder år 1983.

Invandrargruppernas socialbidragstagande har debatterats under den senaste tiden. Diskussionen har ofta handlat om huruvida invandrargrupperna kommer att bli permanenta socialbidragstagare eller om de i takt med ökad tid i landet lyckas bli självförsörjande. Hittills har kunskapen om dynamiken bland olika invandrargruppers socialbidragstagande dock varit begränsad. I denna artikel presenteras socialbidragstagandet för olika invandrare med olika ursprung och bl.a. hur bidragsmottagandet påverkas av vistelsetiden i nya landet.

I artikeln behandlas i vilken utsträckning inkomster bland ensamstående mödrar med socialbidrag når upp till en standardiserad normnivå, samt vilken betydelse klienternas bostadsort och individuella förutsättningar fyller för normuppfyllelse. Materialet består av ett slumpmässigt urval om 875 individer som uppbar socialbidrag någon gång under 2007 i Stockholm, Göteborg eller Malmö.

På vilket sätt påverkas socialarbetares beslutsfattande kring socialbidrag av attityder, förändrade ekonomiska och politiska förutsättningar? Denna fråga diskuteras med utgångspunkt i en jämförelse av resultaten av material insamlat 1990 och 1994.

Med logistiska regressioner analyseras samband mellan socialtjänstens aktivering av socialbidragstagare under ett år och inkomster från arbete respektive socialbidrag påföljande två år. 351 ärenden från fyra kommuner ingår. Enligt resultaten var aktiveringsinsatser inriktade på resurser som utbildning och praktik på en reguljär arbetsplats kopplade till att klienterna fick arbete. Sanktioner, som är en del av aktivering, var kopplade till att fortsätta ha socialbidrag. Sanktioner verkade kunna ha olika resultat för olika grupper av bidragstagare alternativt beroende på vilken aktiveringsinsats klienten fått.

Socialbidraget utgör en sista försörjningsutpost och dess omfattning är en indikator på övriga försörjningssystems tillkortakommande. Syftet är här att öka kunskapen om de faktorer som leder till bidragstagande samt i vilken grad dessa har förändrats mellan 1980- och 1990-talet. Framförallt är det arbetslösheten och i viss mån förekomsten av låga inkomster som skiljer de två årtiondena åt.

I denna artikel avhandlas hur kvinnors fattigdom beskrivits och analyserats, framförallt i USA och England. Ett resonemang förs även om begreppet feminiseringen av fattigdomen och hur det använts efter introduktionen i USA på sjuttiotalet. Artikeln avslutas med en diskussion kring kvinnors fattigdom och socialbidragstagande ur ett livsloppsperspektiv.

Från och med 2002 innehåller den nationella socialbidragsstatistiken uppgifter om utbetalt socialbidrag för varje enskild månad under året, vilket öppnar för nya och mer detaljerade analyser av socialbidragstagandets varaktighetsmönster. I artikeln utnyttjas denna nya statistik till att redogöra för socialbidragstagandets mönster under 2000-talets första år på ett tydligare sätt än vad som tidigare har kunnat göras. Analyserna av de nya data visar bl.a. att sättet att mäta och hur man definerar populationen har stor betydelse för vilka varaktighetsmönster för socialbidragstagande som famträder.

Artiklen beskriver og analyserer anvendelsen af supervision i Individ- og familieomsorgen på baggrund af en statistisk undersøgelse af 70 svenske kommuner, der er repræsentative for landet som helhed. Der fokuseres på supervisionens omfang, kriterier for valg af supervisorer, mål med supervisionen, supervisionens kvalifikationsudviklende virkninger og supervisionspolicy i IFO. Denne artikel bygger på spørgeskemaer til arbejdslederne for børn og unge-, socialbidrags- og misbrugsarbejde i de 70 kommuner. Der lægges specielt vægt på at diskutere i hvilken grad socialforvaltningsorganisationen anvender supervision målrettet som en integreret del af organisationens kvalifikationsudviklingstrategier.

This essay analyses the national standard for maintenance aid and if it´s compatible with the standards set in the government mould.

As new-liberal ideas get more scope in the Swedish policy the analyses focus consisted in seeing about the social contribution been changed, and if the standards in the government mould have lost their worth.

The national standard is not edified on the basis of subsistence levels, but becomes paradoxical when numbers of welfare recipients is the measure used in order to measure poverty, concurrent as the government mould aims to protecting every citizen’s welfare.

The study analyses a type of society that has emerged during a period of time. In a normative analysis concepts are set in relation to each other where, the analysis presents standards that are vague. If the standards in the government mould are presented as something valuable and get their worth back in the policy, perhaps also the citizen´s in Sweden change attitude to poverty and welfare contribution.  

 Social- liberalism justifies social contribution and the welfare State, while new-liberalism has other opinions about what redistribution should contain. An important knowledge to present as Sweden is moving towards more new-liberalistic values.

The overarching aim of this dissertation is to study divergences in assessments of social assistance in Swedish social welfare offices. ‘Assessments’ here refers to whether applications for social assistance are granted or not, as well as the size of subsidies. Another aim with the dissertation is to explore whether differences in assessments have changed over time. A primary focus in this study is the importance of elements of changing character, e.g. varying organizational and individual conditions. Among these elements, the main focus is on the relation between organizational factors and professional discretion among social workers.

Primary data used for the study has been assembled among social workers (n=121) in eleven municipalities in the northern Stockholm area. The main section of the questionnaire used for assembling data consists of six vignettes, each describing a different situation. Data is supplemented with secondary material that derives from a similar study conducted in 1994.

Overall, findings show considerable divergences in the way social workers make their assessments. Some of the divergences are explained by different organizational conditions, e.g. varying levels of specialization and size of caseloads. Individual factors, such as sex, age and varying professional characteristics, e.g. work experience, influence the assessments only to a limited degree, while attitudes among social workers play a larger role. The study also indicates a substantial decrease in generosity over time. This might to some extent be explained by changed and elaborated set of regulations in the sphere of social assistance. Further, the individual divergences in assessments have increased over time. A plausible interpretation of the results is that an increasing number of regulations combined with professional discretion, entails a larger scope for social workers’ opinions and individual screening among rules.

Kommunerna kan sedan början av 1990-talet välja mellan att erbjuda nyanlända flyktingar

socialbidrag eller introduktionsersättning. Den sistnämnda ersättningen infördes med ambitionen

att den ska öka förutsättningarna för flyktingar att snabbt bli självförsörjande. Med hjälp av en

linjär sannolikhetsmodell skattas effekten av introduktionsersättningen på utfallsvariabler som

kan förknippas med integration i allmänhet och möjligheter att på sikt bli självförsörjande i

synnerhet. Resultaten visar att deltagandet i sfi-undervisningen ökar bland flyktingar som bosatt

sig i kommuner som erbjuder de nyanlända introduktionsersättning. När beroendevariabler som

förvärvsarbete på kort och längre sikt studeras ger dock resultaten inget stöd för att

introduktionsersättningen har en positiv påverkan på flyktingarnas försörjningsmöjligheter.

In 2003 the Swedish parliament decided to incorporate maintenance support for the elderly within the framework of the state social insurance system. Maintenance support for the elderly entails that individuals who, due to too short a period of residence in Sweden, do not qualify themselves for a full guarantee pension and thus have the right to receive benefits after completion of an income test. A large proportion of these people previously received individually incometested social benefits. Maintenance support for the elderly and how it is perceived by the elderly is the focus of the study. The overall aim of the study is to gain knowledge about what it means for immigrants who moved in later life to be the subject of a transfer from a selective benefit system to one where more general principles apply. More specifically the aim concerns what it means for their possibilities for gaining access to social rights and what it means for their relationship with the Swedish welfare state. The study’s empirical material consists of two parts. The first part contains register data from the social services register of the National Board of Health and Social Welfare and the social insurance register of the Swedish Social Insurance Board. The second consists of interviews with eleven foreign-born elderly persons who previously received social benefits and now receive maintenance support for the elderly. The analysis of the register data indicates that one-fifth of the target group actually includes people born in Sweden while the rest are immigrants arriving in Sweden in later life. For most of those in this latter group the maintenance support is their only source of financial support while it is a supplement for the Swedish-born elderly recipients. The results show that of those, who previously received social benefits and where the maintenance support is their only source of financial support, about onefifth received a smaller amount of benefit after the reform. The interview study indicates the existence of a gap between what the respondents express as needs of more individual considerations both in terms of the contact with the administrating authority and the maintenance support’s monetary content and how the elderly perceive that these needs are provided for. In order to try to understand this gap the result was analysed by using a number of major theoretical concepts such as universalism, stigma and shame, and social citizenship, public identity and recognition. The conclusions of the study is that a comprehension of the gap can be found in the standardised design and administration of the maintenance support and in the socio-economic context that immigrants coming to Sweden in later life find themselves in.

This essay is about persons who have had social assistance and the individual’s experiences of social assistance. The focus is on how the individual develops in a new life situation and if and how they are motivated to get out of it. The essay has an individual perspective where the relation between society and the individual is important. The result is based on four qualitative interviews with a hermeneutic perspective. The result is also based on the individual’s subjective apprehensions and experiences of the social assistance. Those circumstances withdraws that there can not be any general conclusions made of the result that could be representative for a larger number of people. Important theoretical conceptions are social problems and divergent behaviour, stigmatization, labour and faithful moments.

What I have wished to express in this essay is the people behind the social assistance conception and the numbers in studies about social assistance. It is about people with individual life destiny’s that in the Swedish sociality today have not been able to provide themselves and had to use society’s last safety net, social assistance. The society looks on people with social assistance have a historical negative background. Social assistance was developed from welfare and help to the poor. The historical stigma still exists in the Swedish society and it is still considered shameful not to be able to provide yourself.

As an unemployed person with social assistance one can need more support and help than just to be paid money because these often have a weak connection to the labour market. The social studies in Sweden describes that the social services assignment is to liberate and develop the individuals and groups own recourses. This means that the social worker should not only make payments. They should also have an interest in the client in some other way. In this essay it is clear that this is not always the case. The most evident result about the individual’s motivation not to have social assistance is the will to support oneself and labour is an important part of the self image and identity.

People recieving social assistance is today very common in Swedish society. Of those receiving social assistance single mothers is one ofthe largest groups. The purpose of this study is to examine how single mothers with social assistance experience themselves to be treated by social services, how this treatment affects their confidence in the social services and how they experience it is to live with social assistance. To answer the question, we use qualitative interviews with three clients. Previous research has shown that single mothers receiving social assistance experience vulnerability, and how they perceive it is affected by how they are treated by their social secretaries. Our theoretical approach are the ideas of empowerment and stigma. The results show that clients relate their feelings of vulnerability to their poor economy, lack of work, stereotypes, their relationship to their secretary and their views on the social assistance system. We see that the clients make a distinction between their confidence and trust in the social assistance system and their secretaries. We believe that this has to do with the personal relationship they have with their secretaries. The clients express that the relationship with their secretary is very important because it can affect their self esteem and confidence in the future.