Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socialisme et art – URSS'
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Camden, Valérie. "L'influence du proletkult sur la théorie et la pratique constructivistes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27052/27052.pdf.
Full textIivonen, Jyrki. "Independence or incorporation ? : the idea of Poland's national self-determination and independence within the Russian and Soviet socialism from 1870s to the 1920s /." Helsinki : Finnish institute of international affairs, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355004319.
Full textSemenoff-Tian-Chansky, Irène. "Contribution à l'étude du régime soviétique : les relations entre le pouvoir et les peintres, du printemps 1953 au printemps 1989." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0020.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the functioning and the evolution of the political regime of the USSR through the relationships between the authorities and painters which bring forward a precise understanding of the totalitarianism. Since the revolution the soviet authorities had established an exclusive artistic ideology, that is the marxist-leninist theory with a realistic socialistic method of creation. A mono-organisational system has been instituted in order to put into practice the painters responsability in the construction of communism. Since Stalin's death, painters tried to conquest freedom. But the authorities wanted to hold the party's guiding role and keep the artistic uniformity. In order to control non-conformists, they tried to integrate many of them, and to reject the others in the emigration. Finally, this policy has developed many discrepencies, which explains why the soviet state carried out a liberalisation in the field of fins arts since Gorbatchev
Pichon-Bonin, Cécile. "Peinture et politique en URSS dans l'entre-deux guerres : l'itinéraire des membres de la Société des artistes de chevalet (OST)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010676.
Full textOhayon, Isabelle. "Du nomadisme au socialisme : sédentarisation, collectivisation et acculturation des Kazakhs en URSS (1928-1945)." Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0010.
Full textThe Soviet settlement project of the Kazakhs was a plan of total modernization. It tried to fix the nomads and to transform the structure of their society. The settlement project initiated during collectivization had also an economic purpose : to strengthen agriculture instead of stock rising, to support industrialization. Nomads rejected this policy because of the obligatory procurements, repressive measures and collectivization. Exceptional decrease of the livestock, strong opposition and global chaos led to the flight of a large part of population, to famine and to a high level of mortality. Repatriation of many Kazakh refugees made possible the control of their grudgingly settlement in industry and agriculture, but also in new stock-rising collective farms. The original model of society emerged from this experiment combined soviet principles of production with pastoral techniques of nomads. It excluded mobility of the whole group, but led lineage structure re-form
Fontaine, Stéphane. "Les stratégies du dédoublement de socialisme et du réveil du sentiment patriotique, telles que développées par M. Gorbatchev à travers Les Nouvelles de Moscou (1985-1989)." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textTrankvillitskaïa, Tatiana. "Sous l'oeil des instances officielles : la coopération entre peintres français et soviétiques dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30056.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on artistic exchange between France and the USSR in the interwar period, its mechanisms and the benefits it presented. This period can be divided into four successive phases, accounting for the four parts this research falls into. The first part studies the years leading up to the recognition of the USSR by France and the setting up of diplomatic relations (prior to 1924); the second part deals with the first official links following the recognition (1925-1928); the third part focuses on the years 1928-1934, a period of economic change also known as « the Great Turn » in Soviet economy and the fourth and final part spans the years after socialist realism was established from 1934 on up to the outbreak of the war. This research questions the stereotypical approach to the link between art and ideology and asks whether Soviet painting, as shown during exhibitions in France, was similar to that shown in the USSR and whether it was, or not, a sheer tool for propaganda. Under what form was Soviet art presented in France and what role did authorities play in organizing artistic events? The role played by the actors of this exchange is studied: state authorities, associations, art galleries, art specialists, intellectuals, collectors, intellectuals, and last but not least the artists themselves. Also studied are the exhibitions of French artists and how their trips to the USSR were organized. This research shows that politics, ideology and money are tightly linked together and that money played a decisive role for Soviet authorities
Vassilev, Vassil Atanasov. "Le modèle soviétique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100298.
Full textSoloninkina, Oxana. "Utopisme et réalisme dans la politique urbaine soviétique : le rôle de l'idéologie dans la construction de la ville socialiste en URSS de 1922 à 1953." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H081.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to extend the knowledge of socialist city phenomenon, to find li the basis of its existence with a view of better understanding of its genesis and modes of evolution. Based on history of ideas and theories that contributed significantly to a model of socialist city construction, we investigated diverse aspects of its changeable nature. Searching for possible explanations of a socialist city model crisis, we succeeded in proving its Utopian nature leaning on the main aspects of the socialist theory applied in the USSR. The period from 1922 to 1953 still remains a "blank spot" in Russian history and continues to provoke interest of experts worldwide because of revolutionary character of transformations happened in the USSR. The realization of socialist model caused the birth of a new country with completely reconstructed cities and homo sovieticus concept, justifying the contradictory nature of the Utopia carried out in a single country
Zalambani, Maria. "L'Art dans la production : le débat sur le "productivisme" en Russie soviétique des années 1920." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0015.
Full textThe subject of this research is the process of formation and the evolution of the theory of art in production in the 20th. The productivist mouvement was born in russia immediately after the october revolution to respond to the necessity of rationalization of the society in its globality. This, in order to raise the production and to improve its quality but, above all, to create a working class mentality and conscience. The productivists want to realize an art which, melting with production, can reorganize the socialist society. The relationship between art and production concerns all the social spheres : it departs from the factory, spreads through society and organizes leisure time. It is the proclamation of an art which does not adorn life, but creates it
Milbach, Juliette. "Etre artiste en Union soviétique : le parcours d'Arkadii Plastov (1893-1972) : réalisme, socialisme, nationalité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010653.
Full textArkadiï Plastov’s career is atypical for an artist in the Soviet system. Born son of icon painter, Arkadiï Plastov grew up in a small village on the Volga. Before becoming one of the most celebrated painters of the Russian rural life, Plastov studied fine arts on the pre-Revolution curriculum in Moscow focusing mainly on sculpture and fully unaware of the Avant-Garde’s esthetic language. He became a prominent painter in the capital in 1935 creating monumental pieces for exhibitions inthe second half of the 1930s, at a time when the socialist-realism style and theory were being developed. After the Second World War, he received the Stalin Prize for depicting the Russian identity in his painting and became a member of the fine art academy. In parallel to his art work for exhibitions and other official requests, he continued to document the life in his village through numerous portraitsof mujiks. In the 1960s when new styles and theories were appearing and questioning the socialistrealism, Plastov stood up to defend a doctrine he and many artists of his generation had embraced. Despite his fame and status, he was often targeted by critics and set aside as a painter of peasant life
Lindner, Bernd. "Verstellter, offener Blick : eine Rezeptionsgeschichte bildender Kunst im Osten Deutschlands 1945-1995 /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371006396.
Full textSueur, Alain. "URSS et mythologie avant la perestroi͏̈ka." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010295.
Full textThe data consists of every item speaking about ussr written in the seven main french daily newspapers, during the period between december 1981 and february 1982, plus editorials on the death of Leonid Brejnev at the end of 1982. The analysis is double : 1 first a plain and critical lecture of all the data with their surroundings (photos, drawings) to find and to list the stereotypes on URSS, and suggesting a typology. 2 By a deep analysis of editorials on events in poland and on the death of l. Brejnev, to see the stereotypes in action and, by a semiotical approach, to find the quests (A. J. Greimas meaning), using the method of Y. Delahaye on foreign affairs texts. A third part connects those stereotypes to the well known myths of humanity : heroism, need of protection, order, barbarianism, "bon sauvage", ogre, dragon, ideal city, golden age, mad sciencist, the evil, poison, babel, david, apocalypsis. This mythical galaxy, reflect of hopes and distresses of the french opinion, is analysed with the help of the works of gilbert durand (imaginary structures : heroical, synthetical, mystical), Georges Dumézil (three offices : king priests, warriors, producers), and A. J. Greimas (quest analysis). The french opinion, traduced by the press, has a triple vision of ussr at the beginning of the '80s : 1 dialectical, "cricled ussr" (sacrilege) in search of protection to build the idal city ; 2 expulsion, "retarded Russia" (cowardliness) with an unsuseful heroism in a babel ; 3 analogical, "the spotted empire" (slovenliness) wishing order to get to the golden age
Skopin, Denis. "La politique de la disparition et la photographie : pour une théorie du milieu." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083520.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the phenomenon of the enforced disappearances under dictatorships, and the term “policy of disappearance” includes (covers) cases, when physical repressions of political enemies are accompanied by erasing material traces of the victim. The thesis analyzes in the political and aesthetic perspective the phenomenon of elimination of faces of the “public enemies” on group photos in Russia during the Stalin era. The study has as its empirical base eighty photographs found by the author in the course of research in the archives of several Russian cities. These photos have various traces such as blacking out or inscriptions left by the Stalin's police. This analysis may be interesting because it discovers several fields for reflection, allowing a joint inquiry into the nature of terrorism and political significance of photography. In order to conceive the relationship between politics and aesthetics, the study systematically uses the concepts of “transindividual environment” (G. Simondon) and the “apparatus” (J-L. Déotte). The question concerns destruction of the environment as the result of political disappearances, or its creation by the apparatus, one of which is photography. The thesis has 374 pages, including 19 illustrations and a bibliography of 269 sources
Azarova, Ekatérina. "Appartement communautaire : un type d'habitat, un système des moeurs et une image caractéristique du monde soviétique, le cas de Moscou." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082303.
Full textOur study concerns the 1 version of the collectivisation of daily life, which began in 1918 in the "investment capital rental buildings". The community apartment block is an example, the as well study of domestic lifestyles of the majority of soviet citizens and the constant reminder of the precarious economic situation. In the 1 part, the pre-Revolutionary era, we consider several aspects which seem to us to be essential in the genesis of this phenomenon, as a spatial framework and social context for domestic life. The 2 and 3 parts are dedicated to the analysis of the message and the practises of the Bolchevique era, in relation to the creation and the administration of the community apartment blocks, as well as the specific role which this type of dwelling acquired in the 1920's. The community apartment blocks, as a living place and as a reservoir of specific sociability, is analysed in the 4 part, through the words of the actual inhabitants. It is an analysis of the inhabited space, transformed, reorganised, and bearing the traces of different inhabitants and successive communities. The 5 part is dedicated to the analysis of the role of the community apartment block in Soviet culture and it's image as reflected in literature and in the cinema as a historical framework, a character or as a symbol of the Soviet word
Michaud, Eric. "Une construction de l'éternité : l'image et le temps du national-socialisme." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010757.
Full textNational socialism, defined by hitler as "the dictatorship of genius", based ist authority on the prestige of art on the one hand, on the structure of the christian incarnation on the other. In each of these two patterns, the regime aimed at the process able to lead from the "idea" to the "from" (gestalt), to give substance and reality to the volksgeist, the soul, the god or the genius of the german people. The community of the people had to find its identity and its salvation by its "creative work", from which nazism expected the best "achievements" (leistungen) : a work classed as an artistic activity, under the direction of a fuhrer who presented himself both as the german christ and the artist of germany. Directed by an artist, this work was sustained by the classical conception of art : the idea had to materialize into the form and the intention had to be kept in its very purity until its final materialization. Directed by the german christ at the head of the mystic community of a people at work, the materialization of the idea into form was the process through which the soul of the people had to shape and embodied itself in its very purity. Nazism merged these two patterns of art and christianity for their exemplary performative nature. Thus the "creative work" and its leistungen, is achievements ane embodiments gave substance to the myth of a naturally superior "aryan" race while delimiting its outline and detaching it from its parasite background in order to make it finally appear, unalloyed. But the faith in the power of the myth was supported by a double action operated on historical time : the recollection of past successes and the anticipation of future successes. What was at stazke in this construction of eternity was the merging of the three dimensions of times in the religion of success and "aryan" achievement
Qëndro, Gëzim. "Le surréalisme socialiste." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083596.
Full textWe tried to build our analysis by using as a parabola the dream of Descartes; more precisely, the two moments which seem to us paradigmatic for the mechanism of the legitimacy of a totalitarian state: the father of rationalism which finds inspiration in a vision and in an extremely irrational dream; the shadow of the father of rationalism projected against the wall of a Christian church. The Marxism, with its claim of rationalist and scientific contents, adversary to each form of narrative knowledge, does not fail to project its shade on the thousands-year-old construction of the Asiatic-Mediterranean myth, that of the paradise. The objective is to develop a common speech which would make it possible to treat works together, to develop reflections on the analogies of the art of Socialist Realism and the Christian art. Our intention is, through the examples suggested of the works of art (painting and sculpture), to show the striking resemblance of the art of socialist realism with the religious art. A totalitarian ideological system as the Marxism-Leninism appears to create a total contingency, since it is not disturbed by the absence of the symmetry between what it says and, what it really represents. This discrepancy is discovered easily in the official art of Socialist Realism, where the utopian dimension is ensured by the ideological orientation, the will for power of a privileged social group and its capacity to control the artistic production. Socialist Realism nourishes the ambition to make really understandable the most powerful engine of the History: the Messianic dream. It is not difficult to discover behind the thick surface of the realism of the official art, the unreal core of the eschatology of Communism
Meckel, Anne. "Animation-Agitation : Frauendarstellungen auf der "Grossen deutschen Kunstausstellung" in München 1937-1944 /." Weinheim : Deutscher Studien Verl, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37509644n.
Full textPrölss-Kammerer, Anja. "DieTapisserie im Nationalsozialismus : Propaganda, Repräsentation und Produktion, Facetten eines Kunsthandwerks im "Dritten Reich /." Hildesheim : G. Olms, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38966187w.
Full textZaretskaïa-Balsente, Ioulia. "De la vérité allégorique à l'érosion du système, une troisième voie : les non-conformistes intégrés et le pouvoir en URSS : 1965-1985." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0003.
Full textKetter, Helena. "Zum Bild der Frau in der Malerei des Nationalsozialismus : Eine Analyse von Kunstzeitschriften aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus /." Münster : Lit, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389555479.
Full textLópez, Segrera Francisco. "Cuba sans l'URSS (1989-1995) : antécédents, variables, alternatives et scénarios." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081073.
Full textThis thesis tries to make a critical analysis of the cuban revolution from 1959 to september 1995, specially during the 1989-1995 period, where cuba, without urss looks for another way and - using a multidisciplinary methodology - it shows the variables, alternatives and scenarios that emerges in the new national and international reality. This research, besides the introduction and the conclusions, has six chapters analysing : national and international situation, cuban economy, social sphere, domestic policy, foreign policy and culture. Cuba without urss, beyond its serious crisis, doesn't fall as other socialist countries have done, nor it desintegrates like urss, because its nationalism and its socialism are two concepts firmly linked. Cuba adapts its own model, trying to maintain and develop self-determination, sovereignty, social justice in order to obtain definitely its own independant development
Dauphin, Sandrine. "Art et totalitarisme : l'esthétique comme instrument de propagande." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020070.
Full textIn the first part of the twentieth century, the antagonism between communism and facism was not limited only to ideological and military levels but was also present at cultural levels. Indeed mussolini's italy, hitler's germany and staline's ussr created a common aesthetic in spite of political opposition. Thus, these totalitarian states exploited art for the purpose of propaganda. If art is an active agent of communication between men, then art can also be the manner for ideological expression. How then did art change, orientate and modify an individual's perception of the world in general? architecture reflected pomp and luxury while its large scale works expressed authority crousing fear and admiration at the same time. As for support of the "plastic arts", they allowed, deification of the supreme chief and permitted the announcement of the new man. Art was giving rise form to the totalitarian utopia which existed to transform human nature. Art was not simply the society's reflection but the reflection of the idea the power made of its people. Its allowed the people to believe in spiritual union with the state and its chief
Podzorova, Marija. "Vers l’Internationale « communiste » des arts : Circulations des arts plastiques et des artistes entre l’URSS et l’Occident (Allemagne, États-Unis, France, Italie) dans l’entre-deux-guerres (1918-1936)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC109.
Full textThe study on the circulation of artists and works of art between the West and the USSR includes several factors that are related to ideological propaganda, economic policy and the geopolitical context. The aim of this research is to study artistic internationalism in the political and social perspective of this great turning point in the contemporary era that was the October Revolution. These circulations are formed also within the framework of a movement against art for art’s sake and against an elitist art, in favor of an art committed to the proletariat. The object of art then bears an economic and symbolic value. The study analyzes issues related specifically to the structures of the Soviet and Western art scene in their confrontation and cooperation. The protagonists of these circulations are numerous, and their activities cross and overlap, through their itinerary and their place in the USSR as well as in the West. By analyzing the structuration of artistic circulations, this research highlights their achievements and their dysfunctions, rooted in ideological, political, social and economic logics
Sirejols-Hamon, Marie-Christine. "Le constructivisme dans le theatre sovietique des annees vingt et ses prolongements en europe." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030193.
Full textConstructivism appeared in russia after the first world war at the junction of european functionalist movements (suche as arts and crafts in england, deutsche werkbunde in germany) and of the reflexion led by russian marxist theoreticians about proletarian culture. In the years 1920-1921, artists coming from cubism and suprematism explored the new idea of construction as the centre of art work, then, influenced by the new soviet ideology, progressively moved toward mass production. Creating furniture, clothes, posters, artists like vesnin, popova, rodtchenko wished to transform the new collective life. Theatre was for them a field of experimentation, the place where they intended to show models of new socialist life (new plastic forms and constructive gestures produced by biomechanics). Between 1922 and 1924, popova and stepanova worked with meyerhold for the magnanimous cuckold, the death of tarelkin, earth in turmoil; vesnin and the stenberg brothers with tairov for the man who was thursday and the storm. However, deprived of original dramaturgy, getting less and less credible as a political utopia, constructivism became a mere source of scenographic solutions. In these new avant-garde stage-machines, the acting apparatus was now number of stage decorators explored these new forms: iakoulov, a. Exter, chestakov, meller were among the most famous. After a few years of success constructivism became a new decorative style. On the other hand, the movement was at the end of the twenties, more and more considered as a form of antirealistic, formalist and cosmopolitan art. After a last few representative plays: the bedbug, the baths in meyerhold's theater, the project of lissitsky for i want a child, in the years 1927-1930, constructivism was condemned by the new socialist realism and disappeared from the russian stage in the early thirties
Kaffanke, Eva-Maria. "Der deutsche Heiland : Christusdarstellungen um 1900 im Kontext der völkischen Bewegung." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390196506.
Full textLe, Bourgeois Jacques. "La propagande soviétique de 1917 à 1991 au travers des affiches de propagande : l'affiche de propagande, miroir de l'Histoire, reflet des mentalités." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1480.
Full textHeinzelmann, Markus. "Die Landschaftsmalerei der Neuen Sachlichkeit und ihre Rezeption zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39164580v.
Full textRobert, Carole. "Échanges artistiques entre la France et l'URSS (1945-1985) : les arts plastiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010691.
Full textZelaci, Chems-Eddine. "Les relations de l'Algérie avec les pays socialistes : 1962-1982." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010286.
Full textGreani, Nora. "Art sous influences : une approche anthropologique de la créativité contemporaine au Congo-Brazzaville." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0543.
Full textFoster, Emmanuelle. "Les artistes peintres et graveurs allemands en exil à Paris : 1933-1939." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010527.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the parisian exile of german artists who fled nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939. Kandinsky, Otto Freundlich, Max Ernst, Anton Raderscheidt, Hans Bellmer, Heinz Lohmar, Gert Wollheim etc. . . In the vast majority, these were artists representative of the esthetic movements that had been responsable for the international renown of german art during the weimar republic. This exile meant a major change in the life of these artists and sometimes a complete rupture in their career. Their "weltanschauung" was radically altered. During this period, some artists developed an art with consciously political overtones in order to express their opposition to fascism. This art often took a realistic form (Heinz Kiwitz, Heinz Lohmar). Abstract painters continued in the style that had led to their being banned by the nazis. This was another form from "moral" engagement and of opposition to fasciom. German art in exile thus becomes a sector of resistance. Whether is the consciously political art or not, portraits or urban landscapes, thes works of art stand for a humanist conviction which contradicts the nazi esthetic "blut und boden". Figurative art is, in this context, the fruit of resistance. But abstract art also, (forbidden in nazi Germany) with its obvious expression of a total artistic liberty
Kirtchik, Olessia. "La question agraire en Russie au croisement du pouvoir et des sciences économiques : acteurs et discours (1929-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0042.
Full textDrawing on economic sociology, special history and policy studies, the dissertation examines the metamorphoses of « agrarian question» as a subject of intellectual debate and state intervention from the « great turn » of 1929 until the unveiling of the National Project for the Development of the Agro-1ndustrial Complex in 2005. The study is based on a large corpus of official documents and academic texts in political economy and agrarian economics as well as in depth interviews with economists and other agents of public policy in the agrarian realm. It begins by analyzing the evolution of the Soviet agrarian model until the collapse of the USSR and, for the period starting in 1992, the problematic implementation of structural reforms characterized by the coexistence of incompatible conceptions of the agricultural progresse. It then explores the formation of the current « consensus» which tends to take up old structures and types of discourse while adjusting them to a new context
Marçot, Jean-Louis. "La belle utopie : la France, son avant-garde et l'Algérie (1830-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0401.
Full textFrench Algeria - that is to say the annexation of part of Africa and its Gallicization by means of massive settlings of european population -, is the result of a new colonial project. This project, for which the Egyptian Expedition under the directoire have paved the way, could not achieved without a social dimension that only the springing up socialism was able to give it. The thesis analyzes this contribution, reconstruct until 1848 the hizstory of this (first) socialism and its diverse components in the light of the "Algerian question" studied step by step
Chauvin, Hervé. "La lutte finale : l'URSS dans le débat politique et intellectuel en France de 1975 à 1991." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30085.
Full textFrom its beginning, the Soviet Union has always been the subject of a fierce political and intellectual debate in France, a place on which ideological French confrontations were transfered. During the 20th century, two conflicting images of USSR were created – the embodiment of socialism and of a repulsive dictature – but after 1975 the dark image of the soviet system prevails. Its assessment is judged as completely negative, despite Gorbachev's era of reforms. This change is the result of an intense political and ideological French confrontation about what soviet socialism really is at the time when the Union of the Left is putting forward a socialist project for France : thus, the Soviet Union becomes closely interlocked in any debate in French political parties, unions and intellectual circles, acting as a dividing line between communists and others. The reintroduction of the concept of totalitarianism, the identification to the fight of Eastern Europe dissidents and the highlighting of soviet military imperialism during the second cold war are the different parts of this fight which results in the growth of a strong anti-sovietism in France and in a kind of adjournment of bilateral relations with the USSR. The amalgam between western and eastern socialism leads to the marginalization of the French Communist Party, which is not able to redefine its relations with the eastern sister parties, from the French way to socialism (“socialisme aux couleurs de la France”) to the globally positive assessment of Eastern socialist countries. It also affects the general idea and contents of socialism in France. After years of sympathy for communism, French intellectuals massively swing to an acerbic anticommunism: the opposition between capitalism and socialism is replaced by the one between democracy and totalitarianism, and, because of that, French Left revolutionary traditions are abandoned. At that point, the liberal vision of history prevails, and leads to the total and definitive condemnation of the soviet regime, preceding by far its end in 1991
Launay, Isabelle. "A la recherche d'une danse moderne : étude sur les écrits de Rudolf Laban et de Mary Wigman." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080874.
Full textThis thesis examines the concept of "modern dance" through the texts of Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman. The introduction critiques the linear, progressive and deterministic presentation of the history of modern dance usually proposed by the historians of dance, and considers Laban and Wigman's desire for modernity as a struggle for a dance of the present. Chapter one opens with an exploration of Laban's relationships to the past and to the choreographic heritage as well as his perception of the modern life. It then analyzes the modes of Laban's experimentation; in particular, his technique of improvisation and composition. A discussion of the artist's vision of the body follows. In closing, the chapter presents the difficulties that Laban encountered in the transmission of his dance-experience both within his school and in performances. Chapter two is a corresponding treatment of the above topics with regard to Wigman. The conclusion compares the two artists' points of view, defines their oppositions, and attempts to shows the modernity of their writings
Portevin, Jeanne-Marie. "L'art moderne à l'épreuve du nazisme : historiographie critique de sa réception ( 1945-2015)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H029.
Full textThere are numerous publications in all areas of knowledge covering Nazi Germany. Since 1947 and the book by Adolf Behne (Entartete Kunst), the fate of the Artist in the Third Reich has sparked interest, even compassion, of Art Historians. Nevertheless, only those persecuted by the Nazi Regime, labelled « Degenerate », are celebrated as heroes. These artists would be the ones called on by the Allies to« decontaminate » and pay back the crimes of an entire nation corrupted by twelve years of dictatorship. It is precisely the evolution of the image of these artists, described as « degenerate » or sometimes « inner emigrants », that Iam retracing from the end of World War II until today. Despite a huge amount of publications and exhibitions about Modern Art from the Nazi era, the discourses on this subject have never been put into perspective.When presented chronologically and in a thorough manner, they show the evolution of how the subject was viewed between 1945 and 2015, conditioned by a constantly changing horizon of expectations. Seen in political and social context, these discourses create a 20th century history of Art and invite us to think about the meaning of the Art and the image of the artist
Gaudemer, Marjorie. "Le théâtre de propagande socialiste en France, 1880-1914 : Mise au jour d'une fraction de l'histoire du théâtre militant." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100169.
Full textAfter the repression of the “Communes”; with the recovery of the worker revolutionary movement, the socialists launched into taking over the political power. They strove to win over a growing number of workers and used theater- this archetypal social art which, at the time, had a central role- as one of their means of propaganda. Even though impacted by transient experiences, theater, as embraced by the socialist movement, expresses itself by the programming of performances, the formation of companies, reruns, compositions and impressions of plays; at least till the coming of World War I. It spread, over the years, into three domains of activity- those of elders, young people and that of children. Thanks to the attention that was paid to sources which are usually ignored by performing arts, theater- such as the one that was organized and/or performed for socialist propaganda- is shed to light in our study, regarding its various aspects. The first part tackles the reflection of this theater, and after a section concerning socialist propaganda as a purpose, explores the reasons for resorting to stage. The second part deals with its actual activity and hitherto reviews its frameworks and the conditions of its emergence, the organization and the functioning of its companies, the reception of its performances. The third and last part is devoted to plays that were on, that were performed, written and/or advised by socialists. Plays are tackled in accordance with the two main roles that socialists assigned to theater. But dramatic art- since militants put a stress on these texts- was focused on texts that were supposed to meet the purpose of persuasion.Thus, our study sheds light on one stage of militant theater in France, and hitherto brings about caveats for research concerning the history of theater in general. It also makes one wonder about the emergence of a socialist culture in France before 1914
Erdmann-Rajski, Katja. "Gret Palucca : Tanz und Zeiterfahrung in Deutschland im 20. Jahrhundert : Weimarer Republik, Nationalsozialismus, Deutsche Demokratische Republik /." Hildesheim ; Zürich ; New York : G. Olms, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376889202.
Full textNegură, Petru. "Nationale par la forme, socialiste par le contenu : littérature et politique en Bessarabie roumaine et Moldavie soviétique durant la période stalinienne." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0107.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a sociological analysis of the Union of Moldavian Writers, the institution responsible for promoting "socialist realism" in Soviet Moldavia during the Stalinist period (1924-1956). In the particular context of Soviet Moldavia (a disputed territory between the USSR and Romania), this work shows how the Soviet Moldavian writers contributed to the formation and diffusion of a model of "Moldavian" identity (construed by opposition to its "Romanian" counterpart), by resorting to the creation of a standardized language, a literary heritage and a "method" of creation, intended for their target audience: the Moldavians. The literary language, the literary heritage and the literary canon of "socialist realism" represented important stakes in the balance of power between the writers and the Soviet authorities. At another level of interpretation, these factors played a crucial role in the power struggle between the Moldavian writers themselves, as groups or individuals
Israel, Paolo. "Masques en transformation : les performances mapiko des Makonde (Mozambique) : historicité création, et révolution." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0329.
Full textThis dissertation provides an analysis of the political entanglement of African ritual performances, by discussing the historical transformations of mapiko, a masquerading tradition of Northern Mozambique. From late colonialism to post-socialism, the public performance of mapiko is an arena in which complex forms of social critique are produced, and identities negociated and enacted. Based on oral history, extended ethnographic fieldwork, audiovisual recording, archive research, and on a corpus of about a thousand songs connected to the different genres of the masquerade, the dissertation constitutes a contribution to scholarship on ritual, aesthics and state power in Africa. It also provides a critique of notions, inspired by colonial museography, of indexing traditional/rural African expressive culture as timeless and impersonal, by ethnographicaaly detailing the complex interplay between inherited forms and individual agency in the invention of new genres and masks
Voigt, Vanessa-Maria. "Kunsthändler und Sammler der Moderne im Nationalsozialismus : die Sammlung Sprengel 1934 bis 1945 /." Berlin : Reimer, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016088396&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textBoursier, Jean-Yves. "Le Parti communiste français et la question nationale." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080392.
Full textThe national question is meant to be understood as the relationship to the country as well as a link with a political an historical setting, together with theaspects of conscience awareness of the french civilian society : this does not exclude the problem of the creation and existence of nations. The historic period chosen is the one during which the ideas of thorez are fully unfolded : these ideas are thus presented so as tobe understood as the french way of the marxist leninism doctrine belonging to the komintern which was organized by the pcf. During this period, the same pcf shows how it is at the core and does represent the core of politics at the same time. Hence it cannot split and it aims at preserving the "party". The pcf is almost unable to follow an independant political line and is obliged to cling to other forces to make it stronger; these other forces have to acknowledge the worker's representation monopoly. The pcf is the answer to the political questionning of the first world war result, of the sfio and of the political system of the french third republic grounded upon the crushing of the commune and upon the national disinterest
Kafando, Michel. "Les états du Conseil de l'Entente, Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo et les pays de l'Est : de l'hostilité idéologique à l'ouverture diplomatique : 1960 - 1990." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010296.
Full textThe attainment of independence of the African countries, occured right in the cold war, distinguished by the antagonism between East and West. For that reasib, which gave no way to neutralism (even some africain leaders like n'krumah, ben bella, nasser - have verbally enjoin the positive neutra- lism), the new african states had then to choose their camp. Under these circumstances, five west African states -Ivory Coast, Dehomey (presently Benin), Niger, Togo, upper volta (became Burkina Faso), which form the "conseil de l'entente", -declare for solidarity with occident against the socialist block. The promoters of this organisation -felix houphouet-boigny, hubert maga, maurice yameogo, diori hamani and their successors -explain their anticommunism by the atheims, the subsersive ways and the rejection of the liberty of that doctrine. It follows that these states opt frankly for the liberalism. But, by the force of circumstances, they will come to pull up to the Eastern countries. However, this overture result in desillu- sions, especially in the matter of economic cooperation, including Benin, became marxist-leninist (1974) and Burkina Faso, placed itself in the socia- list camp (1983). As a consequence, the soviet block will never achieve to disqualify the western countries in the five states where their supremacy remains indisputable
Godard, Simon. "Construire le "Bloc" par l'économie : configuration des territoires et des identités socialistes au Conseil d'Aide Economique Mutuelle (CAEM) : 1949-1989." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010617.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the knowledge about the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon, CMEA), the little-known international organization of the socialist world-system, from 1949 to 1991. Unlike most historical monographs analysing the individual member States’ contribution to Comecon activities, this study draws on different archive materials – from Comecon itself, the GDR, the Stasi and the UN. Analysing Comecon through the prism of the networks of actors that emerged in the institutional framework it provided, it is the very notion of an Eastern “bloc” that is questioned. The organization was a showcase of the cohesion and solidarity of the socialist world during the Cold War. The study deals with its role in a space under construction and seeking legitimation in the second half of the 20th century. It first casts a light on the role of Comecon in the economic relations of the socialist countries. The organization developed its own model of an international socialist economy. However, a strategic decoupling appeared between the importance of Comecon in the symbolic competition with the capitalist world and its helplessness to ensure the modernization of socialist economies. The study of the spatialization of the “bloc”, the structuration of expert networks beyond the national boarders and the production of discourses on international socialist economy leads to a transnational socio-histoire of specific Comecon agents. Comecon servants counted among the few people in the socialist world, who were able to develop a transnational acculturation that allowed them to truly consider the “bloc” as an appropriated term of reference and space of development
Toniutti, Emmanuel. "Paul Tillich et l'art expressionniste." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57951.pdf.
Full textGoldman, Noémie. "Un Monde pour les XX: Octave Maus et le groupe des XX :analyse d'un cercle artistique dans une perspective sociale, économique et politique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209691.
Full textNous avons ainsi voulu replacer le groupe des XX dans son contexte économique, politique et social. La diversification des approches et des sources était donc un aspect essentiel de nos recherches. Plusieurs voies d’approche ont été empruntées, telles que l’histoire culturelle, la sociologie de l’art, l’histoire du marché de l’art, l’analyse politique ainsi que l’étude de la visual culture.
Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l’émergence de la nouvelle scène artistique construite autour du groupe des XX. Nous débutons par une analyse plus monographique du parcours de Maus afin de définir les qualités essentielles de l’animateur d’art qu’il incarne, ainsi que son rôle dans la reconfiguration du milieu culturel. Ensuite, notre étude se concentre sur la mobilisation d’un public autour des salons et la mise en place d’un nouveau marché de l’art aux XX.
Dans un second temps, notre étude se penche sur les œuvres créées par les XX et sélectionnées par le public d’amateurs fidèles au groupe. Nous éclairons cette production artistique en y décelant les influences des questionnements et des prises de position sociales et politiques du public des XX, défini précédemment. L’analyse iconographique et stylistique des œuvres s’accompagne d’un travail sur ce milieu culturel, et particulièrement sur ses positions face aux débats sociaux de l’époque. Cette étude aboutit, d’une part, à une description approfondie du public des XX, et, d’autre part, à une meilleure compréhension de l’originalité de la production esthétique des artistes du groupe. /
This PhD thesis concentrates on the mechanisms by which the artistic world in Brussels was reorganized at the end of the 19th century. The research focuses on the places, institutions, publics, art markets and aesthetic developments that characterized the new artistic scene constructed around the “Salon des XX”. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that this artistic circle, led by Octave Maus, produced an art influenced by social, political and economic issues. Another aim has been to analyze the public that defended the artists by studying its social, cultural and generational nature.
This thesis, which is divided into two parts, for the first time explores the circle of the XX in its economic, political and social environment. The diversification of sources and scientific methods was therefore an essential aspect of the research. Different methods were applied such as, for example, the cultural history, the sociology of art, the history of the art market, political sciences and the visual culture.
The first part of this study is about the emergence of a new artistic scene founded around the “Groupe des XX”. The first objective was to investigate the personal and professional path followed by Octave Maus, the manager of the XX, who played a major role in the evolution of the cultural world. Subsequently the research focuses on the mobilization of a particular public and the creation of a new art market around the XX’s exhibitions.
The second part of this thesis considers the works of art created by the artists of the “Groupe des XX” and chosen by the public for private collections. New light is shed on this artistic production by the study of the social and political position of the XX’s public, considered as a social group. Hence the iconographic and stylistic analysis of the works goes together with a study of the XX’s milieu, and in particular with its political action. The present thesis, and the method that aims to study the works in parallel with the public’s social nature, lead to a better understanding of the cultural milieu and, at the same time, of the originality of the XX’s artistic creation.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Locatelli, Axelle. "Les chœurs de mouvements Laban : entre danses traditionnelles, gymnastique et expériences artistiques (Allemagne, 1923-1936) : étude à partir du fonds d’archives Albrecht Knust." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080036.
Full textStarting from the question of being-together and its visibility, this thesis aims to emphasize the multiplicity of discourses and practices that underlies the term "Laban movement choirs" [Bewegungschöre Laban] and to understand what is hidden by this heterogeneity. It attempts to explain how this plurality is accompanied by a shift in certain categories that implies a redefinition of the aesthetic field and its political effects. The choral practices the group of dancers and teachers formed around Rudolf von Laban developed mainly in Germany during the inter-war period were set out to invest the space between: between dance and gymnastic, between amateurs and professionals, between writing and orality, between plurality and uniformity... The examination of these tensions is mainly carried out from the Albrecht Knust archives deposited at the Centre National de la Danse in Pantin. He particularly pays attention to the scores of choral dances in Labanotation and strives to make a dialogue between theoretical observations and questions alike stemming from studio experimentations of these scores. He thus strives to show the Labanian choral practices and to explain that they bear witness to policies at work at different levels: the individual, group, choreography of groups, speeches and context. Finally, it is a question of considering the weight of these policies in the face of national socialist domination. Is it possible today, at a time when certain choral dances composed under Weimar are regularly recreated, to defend these Laban movement choirs and under what conditions?
Kataeva, Olga. "Le statut du dessin dans l'œuvre de Sergueï M. Eisenstein. Mise en scène, montage, intermédialité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA009.
Full textThis thesis studies the status of drawing in the work of Sergei M. Eisenstein, based on the study of the relationship between drawing and montage, between drawing and staging and the examination of the intermedial nature of Eisenstein’s work. In the system of this film director, the drawing is at the heart of his creative process and becomes an environment-medium in which transfers, passages, transportations of shapes, images and ideas are made possible. Eisenstein is interested in drawing, both as a process and as a universal visual method of creativity. An analogy exists between the overall structure of the film Ivan the Terrible and the essential axes of his theoretical reflection, in particular the principles of his creative method (pars pro toto, MLB, plasmaticity and montage). Subordinated to a rigorous spatial and temporal architectonics, the structure of the film is at the same time an open, living structure, in perpetual evolution, this as much at the stage of its conception as at the level of its perception and its post-analysis.The analyzes led in this thesis on the graphic production of Eisenstein, and from them on all his works and concepts, clearly demonstrate the correlation between the structure of the work of Eisenstein, and in particular that of the film Ivan the Terrible, and the foundation of his creative thought process, a process that reflects his own inner rhythm and the structure of his consciousness, both giving an impetus to his artistic expression. Drawing becomes for Eisenstein the medium of reflection on which he relies to develop the problematic of the medium, but also the one of history of cinema in its connection with the history of expressive mediums. The preparatory drawings constitute the visual medium of elaboration, verification and putting into practice of his theoretical concepts in a real situation of film creation.Eisenstein thus constituted, through this transversal and intermedial film project, a spherical system of writing of the method and the general history of the cinema, thus realizing the model of the "spherical book"