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Journal articles on the topic 'Socialist economic integration'
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1
SHAEV, BRIAN. "Liberalising Regional Trade: Socialists and European Economic Integration." Contemporary European History 27, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777318000073.
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The socialist contribution to the creation of the European Economic Community has long been overlooked and misunderstood. Existing scholarship emphasises short-term considerations in explaining why the French Socialist and German Social Democratic Parties supported a European Common Market in 1956–7. This article offers a new perspective by placing these parties’ decisions within a longer context of socialist views on free trade, tariffs and regional economic organisation. Based on fresh archival materials, this article explores how socialist proposals for securing an economic peace after the First World War continued to influence socialist policies on European economic integration in the 1950s.
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van Brabant, Jozef M. "Economic Adjustment and the Future of Socialist Economic Integration." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 1, no. 1 (December 1986): 75–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325487001001004.
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Zhang, Yu. "On the organic combination of public ownership and market economy." China Political Economy 1, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2018-011.
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Purpose Since the implementation of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievement in terms of economic reform and development. China’s path, as well as its experience, has simultaneously gained worldwide concerns. Developing the market economy against the backdrop of socialism brings conclusions from China’s achievement, deepens knowledge of China’s pathway and builds a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. That is the way to realise a basic socialist system, especially with regards to the organic integration of public ownership and market economy. This combination determines the future of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the success or failure of economic restructuring. Therefore, it requires consideration and in-depth study. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The goal of economic restructuring is to establish and develop the socialist market economy. Its main content can be summarised in two parts. The first is the relationship between plan and market or government and market. The second is compatibility or combination of public ownership and market economy. The former is one of the superficial problems, relevant to resource allocation method or economic operation mechanism. The latter stems from deep-rooted problems, represented by ownership or the underlying economic system. These two work together to form the organic integrity of socialist market economy where both similarities and contrasts coexist. Findings The shared ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the lofty goals of communism will then become empty words. In this sense we can say that, whether we can realise the unity and opposition between public ownership and market economy and better integrate advantages of socialist system with strengths of market economy, will to a large extent determine the future and destiny of the socialist market economy. Originality/value As previously mentioned, the relationship between plan and market or government and market are part of resource allocation methods or economic operation mechanism. Compatibility and combination, however, with public ownership and market economy are part of an ownership or basic economic system. Science reveals the nature and developmental law of the socialist market economy. An in-depth study must be conducted on the relationship between public ownership and market economy.
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Bianchini, Stefano. "L'Europa orientale a venti anni dal 1989." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 78 (October 2009): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-078001.
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- Eastern Europe twenty years on looks retrospectively at the radical changes that have occurred in East-Central Europe since 1989. Despite the Cold War, cultural, economic and social exchanges and "métissages" had developed between the two parts of Europe. The communist collapse of 1989 offered a simultaneous opportunity of reforms and integration, given the interdependence between the "post-socialist transition" and the double process of the Eu enlargement and deepening. Nationalism however has emerged in opposition to integration (and globalization) in both Eastern and Western Europe, giving a new dimension to processes that increasingly have emphasized how Europe is no longer divided in an East-West dichotomy, but displays similar problems in dealing with diversity, social welfare, effective governance and mutual recognition.Key words: Post-socialist transition, European Union, métissage, Nationalism, Globalization.Parole chiave: transizione post-socialista, Unione europea, meticciato, nazionalismo, globalizzazione.
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Vo, Sen Van, and Thong Thanh Duong. "The process of formation and development of the economic innovation path in Vietnam (1986-2015)." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.739.
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The collapse of the socialist regimes in Soviet Union and Eastern European socialist countries in the late 20th century was that of an inappropriate socialist model. In Vietnam after the unification of the nation, coping with the requirements posed by the socio-economic context of the country, the Communist Party of Vietnam worked out the leading path for the innovation mission in a comprehensive manner, which was firstly the economic innovation focusing on the transformation from the centrally planned economy into the socialist-oriented market economy; along with the “open-door” policy and the international integration policy. The foundation of the innovation was a process summed up from the reality of the then socio-economic life, from costly lessons from the socialist model as well as reforms and reshuffling in socialist countries. This paper presents the process of formation and development of ways of thinking, paths of economic innovation in Vietnam from the perspective of successes and lessons learned.
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Feigin, G. "Former Socialistic Countries: Integration into the World Economic Connections." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-7-53-62.
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The article deals with the integration of the former socialist countries into the system of global economic transactions. The most important features and trends of this process during the last three decades are identified. The author makes a comparison between the foreign economic policy within the planned economy and that within the market economy. On the basic of this comparison two elements of market reforms (internal and external) are defined. The external element is considered as the integration into the world economic connections. The basic topic is the reform of foreign economic policy during the stage of transformation which began at the end of 1980th (in China at the end of 1970th). The author focuses on two indicators: international trade and foreign direct investments. The different groups of countries such as CIS, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, China and Russia are considered. Dynamics of volumes of the international trade and foreign direct investments are analyzed and compared. The research covers practically the whole period of market reforms (until 2012). For identification of some trends the author considers and compares the data relating to 1993 (beginning of market reform period in most countries), 2000 and 2012. At the end a general assessment of the current positions of the former socialistic countries is proposed. The author identifies the key trends and gives explanations of them. The most important conclusion is that only China has become the important “global player”. Other former socialist countries still have major deficits that have to be overcome.
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Fokin, A. A. "POLITICAL LANGUAGE OF THE INTEGRATION PROCESSES OF THE CMEA COUNTRIES." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2019-3-4-468-474.
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Based on the approach of the history of ideas, the political language of the official discourse of the socialist integration of the CMEA (COMECON) countries is reconstructed. The evolution of the idea of the unification of Europe in the framework of leftist and socialist political philosophy is examined. There are several basic ideas around which the controversy unfolds. The idea of uniting national states is opposed to the idea of forming a supranational basis for integration (primarily internationalism of the proletariat and communist parties). Within the framework of the CMEA model, a national approach was implemented. By virtue of this, the need to create a community of economic interests comes to the fore. The basic concepts are mutual assistance and integration, which denoted various mechanisms of cooperation within the framework of the socialist camp.
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Tsedilin, L. "Russian Protectionism: Problems of Institutional Heritage." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-1-96-114.
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The article analyzes the pre-revolutionary and the Soviet experience of the protectionist policies. Special attention is paid to the external economic policy during the times of NEP (New Economic Policy), socialist industrialization and the years of 1970-1980s. The results of the state monopoly on foreign trade and currency transactions in the Soviet Union are summarized; the economic integration in the frames of Comecon is assessed.
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Uygun, Banu Nilgün. "Post-socialist scapes of economy and desire." Focaal 2004, no. 43 (June 1, 2004): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/092012904782311399.
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This essay explores the sexual-economic transactions between Turkish men and women from the former Soviet Union (FSU), focusing on Trabzon, a Turkish port town on the southeast coast of the Black Sea. I first provide background on 'the new migration' from the FSU to Turkey, paying particular attention to some of the political stakes in discussions of transnational sex work. I then explore these issues through the stories of two migrant women from the FSU who live in Trabzon. In these stories I highlight the ambiguity and complexity of sexual-economic transactions between local men and migrant women to show the inadequacy of the category 'sex work'. Finally, I turn to the demand side of the equation and consider the ideologies shaping the perceptions of local men. I situate them within the context of discourses of modernity in Turkey as they are reconfigured by Turkey's integration into global markets.
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Zhiryakov, Ivan G. "The birth of Western European economic integration and the creation of COMECON: General and distinctive." LOCUS people society cultures meaning 11, no. 3 (2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2988-2020-11-3-54-68.
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The article examines the history of the origin of Western European economic integration and Eastern European “socialist integration” in the second half of the 1940s of the twentieth century. The study of this history is determined by the need for scientific reinterpretation of established ideas about the most important historical processes, as well as the modern need to extract positive experience from the past through historical analysis. This work, based on the publications of various political orientations, with the involvement of published and archival documents, is one of the first attempts to clarify not only the distinctive, but also common in the history of institutional construction of two economic integration models.
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Borzenko, Olena. "Imperatives of development of post-socialist countries financial markets." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-80-88.
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The relevance of the article in the analysis of the modern geopolitical space in which there are dramatic changes that qualitatively alter the disposition of post-socialist countries and regions of the world under the influence of scientific, technological, information, organizational and social process. The process of forming regulatory mechanisms for the functioning of the financial markets of the post-Soviet countries is linked to the transformation processes of global monetary and financial relations management. In modern conditions, the national financial market cannot be separated from the processes occurring in the world economy. In the last decades theoretical and practical problems of geoeconomics and global science have been investigated in the works of foreign scientists: L. Abalkin, M. Alle, U. Anderson, A. Anikina, J. Ackerloff, J. Arriga, D. Bell, W. Beck, Z. Brzezinski, I. Wallerstein, L. Galitz, J. Gelbraith, E. Giddens, M. Golovnin, P. Drucker, A. Kavkin, M. Castels, D. Keynes, L. Krasavina, V. Kruglov and others. It is observed that in the process of interaction of various factors of development in the world markets, an appropriate market conjuncture is formed, which reflects changes in specific conditions of market functioning and supply and demand, related to the dynamics of prices for goods and profits of firms and based on the cyclical development of the world economy, reflecting the nature of a market economy. Research methods are based on general scientific principles and fundamental principles of economic theory, theories of international economic relations and financial globalization, evolving in the face of geo-economic changes. The development of post-socialist countries is characterized by significant differences in the rates of economic growth and stabilization of monetary and financial systems, which is caused by: first, a significant stratification of economies in terms of development; second, the disintegration processes in mutual trade and more successful integration into the global trading environment due to the accelerated liberalization of the foreign trade sector compared to the financial sector; third, the incompleteness of financial sector reforms and the low level of development of financial services markets, respectively, the inefficiency of financial integration; fourth, the monetary and financial systems of the countries of the region remain vulnerable to the external effects of the crisis. The most powerful post-socialist countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan) make more effective use of the benefits of globalization in the sphere of integration into the world economy.
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Доронина, Наталия, Nataliya Doronina, Наталья Семилютина, and Natalya Semilyutina. "Information Technologies and Economic Relations: Problems of International Conventional Unification in EAEU." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 11 (November 11, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14372.
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Since 2013, at the State Duma initiative, each April Saint-Petersburg has hosted the “Eurasian Economic Perspective” International Forum. This discussion venue for the exchange of opinions by parliament members of the post-Soviet states, with the participation of scientists, representing humanitarian sciences and education, furthers, among other things, the goal of the states’ integration and their economic development. The topic for discussion offered this year was the implementation problems of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Integration as of January, 1, 2015. One of the main integration problems is the problem of unification and harmonization of national legislations of the Treaty countries. The key question of the unification process is separation of powers and competences of the integration organization’s common body and the participating countries’ national bodies. The understanding of the supranational power of the common body is not correct. The integration experience in other unions between the states proves the importance of the sovereignty principle in the integration process. The author provides the analysis of former integration experience. For example, CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) united the former Eastern European socialist republics and South-Eastern Asia and was dissolved in 90-ies after the transition of the States — participants to market economy. Notwithstanding its dissolution, CMEA created effective integration instruments on the basis of unification of national legislations: The CMEA General Conditions of Delivery. This instrument of the socialist common market continues to be practiced as model conditions for international contracts. The legal instrument of the International Business Corporation (IBC) has initiated the movement of resources that can be compared to the movement of capital in a free-market world. The CMEA experience has provided basic knowledge of cooperation, which was later used in other integration groups. The article also covers the economic integration of the European Union. It can be useful from the point of view of critics of “federalist” theories on the nature of integration of a group of states. The latter remains, as the authors show, to be subject to the International Law system. It is quite logical, that due to this position of the authors, they pay special attention to the key role of national legislation in the integration process. On the basis of the analysis of the Andean Common Market experience the authors underline the features of integration in the Latin American region. The comparative analysis of international regional unions of states is necessary to make the work of the Eurasian International Economic Union (EAEU) more effective. The Information Law is the technique that provides the diffusion of the most effective models of regulation for the purpose of economic integration. This approach in solving problems of economic integration in EAEU seems to be useful in search of the ways to overcome difficulties of the integration process.
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Hu, Leming. "The integration between and common prosperity of government and market: China's experience of economic development." China Political Economy 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2020-0019.
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PurposeThe relationship between government and market is the key to the economic development performance of market economy countries. Due to the limits such as the state/market dichotomy, the focus on static allocation efficiency and the ignorance of the diversity of the market economy and the relationship between government and market, economic liberalism and state interventionism can hardly position and explain the role and evolution of government and market in the real world accurately.Design/methodology/approachChina’s economic transition has always adhered to the reform direction of the socialist market economy and the development goal of a modern socialist country as well as the symbiosis and positive and progressive evolution of government and market, blazing a “third way” in handling the relationship between government and market.FindingsThe “China’s experience” shows that the key for emerging market economies to achieve good economic development performance lies in whether they can build a new relationship of the mutual integration between and common prosperity of government and market regarding target selection, production organisation, technological innovation, institutional change and regulatory adjustment.Originality/valueThe second part of this paper analyses the inherent defects of economic liberalism and state interventionism as well as the reasons why they can hardly be adopted as the theoretical guidance for emerging market economies to handle the relationship between government and market. The third part analyses how China has transcended the inherent thinking of liberalism and interventionism and shaped the new relationship between government and market through goal-oriented, active and progressive, two-way interactive exploration and practice to ensure the success of China's economic transition.
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Zeffane, Rachid. "Participative Management in Centrally Planned Economies: Algeria and Yugoslavia." Organization Studies 9, no. 3 (July 1988): 393–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068800900306.
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Experiments in industrial democracy and participative forms of management constitute central issues in the ongoing search for viable models of organizing. In countries that have espoused the socialist strategy for socio-economic development, such forms constitute prime instruments in the integration of individual and national objectives. In principle, institutionalized models of participative management should blend with both underlying socialist 'intentions' and socio-economic endeavours. However, examina tion and comparisons of the systems adopted in Algeria and Yugoslavia suggests that these basic national pursuits and their associated effects set limits to the implementation of the intended democratic management systems. These limits are most apparent in the constraints generated by central planning as a fundamental instrument of the socialist strategy, and in technological imperatives. This paper compares the formalized mechanics of the Algerian participative system with the underlying principles of the Yugoslav model, drawing on data from fifteen Algerian State-enterprises and on published evidence on Yugoslav 'self management'.
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Kirillova, L. V. "BUILDING THE NATION: SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ALGERIA, 1962-1978." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-3-334-343.
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Since the middle of the 1950s, the Socialist countries led by the Soviet Union had made significant contribution to the economic advancement of the developing countries. Under the umbrella of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), Soviet aid programs extended on many African countries, including Algeria. Founded by the Soviet Bloc in 1949, the CMEA was a response to the Marshall Plan. Within the confines of the Cold War, this international governmental organization aimed to promote the socialist economic integration not only of its members but also the emerging nations beyond the Iron Curtain. In case of Algeria, the massive construction projects sponsored by the CMEA turned into the crucial platforms of the new nation building. Erection of industrial enterprises projected economic, political, social, and cultural development of Algeria. This article presents the construction works in Algeria as the crucial sites for spreading Soviet influence in North Africa. In addition, it demonstrates the role of youth from Algeria and the Soviet Bloc in the establishment of these country-wide projects and the formation of Algerian nationhood.
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Djurovic, Gordana, and Damjan Lajh. "Relationship with the European Union: Slovenia and Montenegro Compared." Politics in Central Europe 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 667–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0030.
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AbstractAs part of former Yugoslavia and non -members of the Eastern Bloc, Slovenia and Montenegro enjoyed a special status and relationships with the European Communities (EC) before most other socialist countries. Economic and social interactions with the EC and its member states thus formed part of Slovenian and Montenegrin life even during socialism, particularly after Yugoslavia signed special agreements on trade relations with the EC in the 1970s and 1980s. In this respect, Europeanisation as ‘practical’ integration with the EC was closely linked with liberalisation processes concerning the economy, society and politics along with democratic transition processes that began in the late 1980s. When Slovenia joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 following a relatively smooth integration process, Montenegro was still holding EU candidate member status, after having officially started its accession negotiations in June 2012. The article analyses selected development and integration aspects of Slovenia and Montenegro, their relationship with the EU, together with their similarities and differences. The aim is to highlight developments in both countries and determine whether Slovenia, as an ex -Yugoslav republic and EU member since 2004, may serve as a good example for Montenegro to follow while pursuing European integration.
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Djurovic, Gordana, and Damjan Lajh. "Relationship with the European Union: Slovenia and Montenegro Compared." Politics in Central Europe 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 667–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0030.
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Abstract As part of former Yugoslavia and non -members of the Eastern Bloc, Slovenia and Montenegro enjoyed a special status and relationships with the European Communities (EC) before most other socialist countries. Economic and social interactions with the EC and its member states thus formed part of Slovenian and Montenegrin life even during socialism, particularly after Yugoslavia signed special agreements on trade relations with the EC in the 1970s and 1980s. In this respect, Europeanisation as ‘practical’ integration with the EC was closely linked with liberalisation processes concerning the economy, society and politics along with democratic transition processes that began in the late 1980s. When Slovenia joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 following a relatively smooth integration process, Montenegro was still holding EU candidate member status, after having officially started its accession negotiations in June 2012. The article analyses selected development and integration aspects of Slovenia and Montenegro, their relationship with the EU, together with their similarities and differences. The aim is to highlight developments in both countries and determine whether Slovenia, as an ex -Yugoslav republic and EU member since 2004, may serve as a good example for Montenegro to follow while pursuing European integration.
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Vasiljevic, Jelena. "Contentious politics in the European (post-socialist)(semi-)periphery: Mapping rebellion and social protests in southeast and eastern Europe." Filozofija i drustvo 29, no. 4 (2018): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1804615v.
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This essay takes a critical and reflective look at two recently published books on contentious politics in the Balkans and Eastern Europe: Social Movements in the Balkans (ed. by F. Bieber and D. Brentin, Routledge 2018) and Ideology and Social Protests in Eastern Europe (V. Stoyanova, Routledge 2018). Focusing on regions somewhat neglected in scholarly analyses of the recent global upsurge of protests, these books aim to fill the gap by highlighting some contextual and regional specificities: a position of economic and geo-political (semi)periphery, weak or unconsolidated democratic institutions, post-socialist and transitional environments, societal (ethnic) divisions, etc. By critically assessing both contributions, in a manner that looks for their complementarity, this essay: examines the characteristics of popular mobilizations and grievances in Southeast and Eastern Europe; questions dominant narratives of political and economic transition and EU integration; re-evaluates socialist heritage and post-socialist political trajectories; discusses the (im) possibilities of articulating political alternatives to representative democracy and free market economy; and addresses the burden of conflicting memories and attitudes towards the region?s socialist past (and, in case of post-Yugoslav states, ethnic conflicts from the 1990s).
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Büdenbender, Mirjam, and Andrea Lagna. "Statecraft strategies and housing financialization at the periphery: Post-socialist trajectories in Russia and Poland." Finance and Society 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v5i2.4136.
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A new literature on housing and financialization has emerged in recent years, but scholars have yet to examine how political actors shape national trajectories of housing financialization. In this article, we address this shortcoming by examining the cases of Russia and Poland in the 1990-2018 period. We argue that in both contexts political elites implemented a radical market-oriented reshaping of housing finance. However, by pursuing distinct statecraft strategies and modes of integrating the domestic economy into global markets, Russian and Polish political elites created two divergent trajectories of housing financialization. Russian political elites pursued patrimonial statecraft strategies and a mode of global economic integration based on raw material exports. The Putin administration channeled revenues from raw material exports into the securitization-based housing finance system and used this infrastructure as an instrument of hegemonic power. In doing so, the Russian government shielded homeowners from exposure to financial risk. In contrast, Polish political elites pursued liberal statecraft strategies and a mode of global economic integration based on foreign capital inflows. Polish political parties therefore enabled foreign banks to dominate the housing finance system and sell foreign currency mortgages, which exposed homeowners to considerable financial risk. In light of these findings we call for further research into the political factors that shape the process of housing financialization, both in the post-socialist space and beyond.
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Rohrschneider, Robert, and Stephen Whitefield. "Support for Foreign Ownership and Integration in Eastern Europe." Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 3 (April 2004): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414003262071.
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Western models of popular support for economic integration usually stress costs and benefits. This article suggests that one cannot ignore the predominance of socialist-economic values in East-Central Europe. Consequently, it is argued and supported that (a) individual-level support for foreign ownership is best explained by ideological commitments to market ideals; (b) publics in more economically liberal countries more strongly support the idea of foreign ownership; and (c) citizens who reside in democratic countries, which experience greater controversy over foreign ownership, are less likely to accept the idea of foreign ownership just as they have a more negative image of the European Union. Theoretically, the study documents the limited applicability to Eastern Europe of Western-based models. Practically, it helps explain opposition to foreign ownership and, more generally, increasing controversy over the EU in first-wave accession states.
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Ilmia, Anisa. "PERWUJUDAN NILAI AL-BIRR WA AL-TAQWA DALAM KEPEMILIKAN." AKSY: Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v2i1.7856.
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ABSTRACTIslamic economics is an economic system that is different from the capitalist economic system and the socialist economic system, one of which is the ownership rights. Islam recognizes the existence of human ownership, but still emphasizes that Allah SWT is the absolute owner of everything include the universe so that what humans have is only a mandate that must be obtained and utilized in accordance with Allah’s rules. Ownership is the integration of the Islamic economic system so that it contains an element of morality that will give birth to the value of the khilafah and the value of al-birr wa al-taqwa (goodness and obedience) in which both values are centered on divine value (Ilahiyah). The realization of these values in ownership has implications for the well-being and economic equalization to achieve “falah” (bliss of the world and the hereafter). Keywords : ownership, morality, value, Islamic economic, obedience
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Nguyen, Luan Van, and Hai Van Ngo. "Restructuring of state-owned enterprises – The drive to the restructuring of the economy." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1333.
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State-owned enterprises are always a key object of both theory and practice in the Vietnamese socialist-oriented market economy. In the past few years, state-owned enterprises have played an important role in the economic development of Vietnam. They have had a strong growth and constant innovation, meeting better the requirements of economic development and integration. However, in the last years, state-owned enterprises are faced with difficulties and challenges: many enterprises are inefficient in operations and management and suffer from a high amount of bad debts. This paper presents the theoretical basis of the existence, development and role of state-owned enterprises in the Vietnam’s socialist-oriented market economy, analyzes and assesses the accomplishments, shortcomings and limitations of Vietnamese state-owned enterprises in the economic transition period as well as proposes solutions to boost the restructuring process of state-owned enterprises which is a drive to restructure the economy in the manner of enhancing quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy.
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Klyuchkovych, Tetyana. "PRECONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 7(8) (August 30, 2018): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2018.5007.7(8)-7.
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After changing the model of social organization in 1989, the development of Slovakia was focused on the post-socialist modernization and integration of the higher education system into the European educational space. Among the most significant objective prerequisites and factors of the macro level, which influenced the different stages of the reform, it was highlighted: the collapse of the “socialist camp” and the intensification of integration processes, the collapse of Czechoslovakia and the creation of an independent Slovak Republic (1993), European Community support for educational change in Slovakia and its accession to the EU (2004). The educational policy was also dependent on the internal political, socio-economic and socio-demographic conjuncture of the development of the Slovak society. XX - early. XXI century. It was emphasized that an important internal prerequisite for reforming Slovak pedagogical education was the need to overcome the crisis in the teaching profession. It has been established that an important factor in the transformation in the higher education system was the influence of the European community and the Euro-integration aspirations of Slovakia.
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Lazic, Mladen, and Slobodan Cvejic. "Working class in post-socialist transformation: Serbia and Croatia compared." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 1, no. 1 (2010): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2010.01.01.
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Serbia and Croatia, both actors in civil wars during the 1990s, started their transformation by emerging from the same model of "liberal socialism". The two countries had authoritarian regimes with nationalistic mobilization, and their respective transformations developed under the control of their political oligarchies. In addition to many similarities, there are also important differences which influenced their transformations. Croatia embarked upon its modernization earlier than Serbia, and was more developed economically. In contrast to Serbia, which suffered international political and economic isolation during the 1990s, Croatia enjoyed external support (making it more susceptible to external influences, to some extent) and moreover, was more opened to the world economically. This resulted in a faster economic recovery for Croatia, and accounts for the country's substantially more favorable position in the EU integration processes. Based on joint research carried out in 1989 and 2003, this paper tries to establish the degree of influence of the stated similarities and differences on changes in position of the working class in these countries, and moreover, on class homogeneity (measured in terms of economic differentiation, vertical mobility, value orientations, and trade union and political organization).
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Kolodko, G. W. "Globalisation and Equity Issues in Post-socialist Transition Economies." Acta Oeconomica 54, no. 3 (November 1, 2004): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.54.2004.3.1.
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Equity issues in policymaking are difficult to resolve because they are linked not only to the economic situation but also to social constraints and political conflicts within a country. This is even more true in the case of post-socialist economies during their transition to a market system in the era of globalisation. The historical and irreversible process of liberalisation and integration of capital, goods and services, and labour markets into one world market, as well as the gradual construction of new institutions and the process of privatisation cause a significant shift in the income pattern of post-socialist emerging markets. Contrary to expectations, inequality increases affecting the standard of living and long-term growth. While globalisation contributes to the long-term acceleration of economic growth and offers a chance for many countries and regions to catch up with more advanced economies, it results in growing inequality both between the countries and within them. On average, the standard of living increases, but so does the gap between the rich and the poor. Therefore, equality issues should always be of concern to policymakers, especially in the early years of the change of regime in post-socialist transition economies.
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Smith, A. "From Convergence to Fragmentation: Uneven Regional Development, Industrial Restructuring, and the ‘Transition to Capitalism’ in Slovakia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a280135.
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The transition from the state socialist model of development to one based upon a form of market capitalism is being met with a profound restructuring of the space-economies of Central and East European societies. This paper is an examination of the experience of this ‘transition’ in Slovakia. It is argued that, whereas a process of regional convergence took place under state socialism, we are presently witnessing the regional economic fragmentation of the Slovak economy. New forms of regional uneven development result from the combined effects of the collapse of the national economy, the globalisation and marketisation of economic life, and the interaction between local economic and industrial structures and strategies. By focusing upon the comparative dimensions of change in different regions we can begin to unpick some of the causal mechanisms underlying this trajectory of fragmentation. Of particular importance are the uneven development of new firm formation, foreign direct investment, and the expansion of trade with capitalist markets. The author examines the ability of regions in Slovakia to engage in these dual processes of marketisation and globalisation and finds that integration into the capitalist world economy is highly uneven.
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Ning, Gao, and Jia He. "Study on Green Rural-Tourism in Undeveloped Western Region of China Under the Perspective of Urban-Rural Integration." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 6075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.6075.
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Along with the rapid development of economy, balance urban and rural development has become the major task China is facing now. Green rural tourism can speed up economic development, promote culture intercourse between urban and rural, accelerate harmonious society, and is the effective way to build new socialist countryside. Develop green rural tourism in undeveloped western region under the perspective of urban-rural integration, must adhere to the principle of sustainable development, principle of adaptation to local conditions, principle of characteristic development, and choose the development model, which is suitable for local culture and character, in order to realize urban-rural integration.
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Gallagher, Mary E. "“Reform and Openness”: Why China's Economic Reforms Have Delayed Democracy." World Politics 54, no. 3 (April 2002): 338–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2002.0009.
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Most theories that seek to explain democratization look to changes in the economy as the precursor to significant political liberalization, locating the main causal factor in either severe economic crisis or rapid economic growth. In the Chinese context, by contrast, the Communist Party has extricated itself from the socialist social contract with the urban working class without losing its grip on political power. Moreover, China has maintained a rapid pace of economic growth for over twenty-five years without significant political liberalization. Comparative analysis of China's post-1978 reform policies yields insights both across types of socialist transition, comparing China with Eastern Europe and Russia, and across time, comparing China with other high-growth East Asian economies. A key factor in China's ability to reform the economy without sacrificing political control is the timing and sequencing of its foreign direct investment (FDl) liberalization. There are two key variables that are important to this comparative analysis: China's pattern of ownership diversification and China's mode of integration into the global economy. The article relates these two variables to the success of economic change without political liberalization, in particular, how FDI liberalization has affected relations between workers and the ruling Communist Party. “Reform and openness” in this context resulted in a strengthened Chinese state, a weakened civil society (especially labor), and a delay in political liberalization.
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Valovaya, M. D. "CHANGES IN FOREIGN TRADE POLICY MAJOR INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF TURBULENCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-37-46.
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Turbulent states, structural changes and systemic crises of the world economy have been one of the decisive factors influencing the activity of large integration associations in all centuries. A particularly clear example is the integration processes in the Eurasian space. «The Great Silk Road» – a huge branched system of caravan routes. The Great Silk Road was a kind of connecting link between countries, civilization and socio-economic systems. The path «From the Varangians to the Greeks functioned along the Volga route. The end of the 17th and the first quarter of the 18th centuries was the period of Peter's reforms. Peter I regarded foreign trade as an important means of integrating Russia into Western European culture. Major bans related to the outside world were imposed on the Russian economy in the early 19th century. Anglo-German rivalry and antagonism played a decisive role in the complex system of imperialist contradictions that led to the First World War in 1914–1918. The Second World War almost six times exceeded the First in terms of the total number of victims: 50 million people. The consequence of the Second World War was the formation of the world socialist system, the disintegration of the colonial system and the beginning of the formation and development of major integration projects in Europe, Latin America, East Asia and Africa. Since January 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union functions. The possibilities of cooperation between the EAEU and other integration associations are widely discussed. The interface with the project of the Economic belt of the Silk Road Road is of particular interest.
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Kubiszewska, Katarzyna. "Economic Crisis in Croatia." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.013.
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Croatia is becoming the 28th member of the European Union on July1st, 2013. Croatia has gone a long way from a socialist republic to an independentcountry recognized as one of the economic tigers of the Western Balkans in thefirst decade of the 21st century.Croatia has been hit by the global crisis, which turned out to be a huge externalshock for the region of the Western Balkans. Although it does not enter theeconomy through the direct channels, as local banks have not been engaged intoxic assets trade, but indirect channels, like the decrease of FDI, which deepensforeign trade deficits, slow credit growth or decrease of remittance which lead toeconomic disturbances during the last phase of the European integration process.Small economies, like Croatia, are exposed much more to the effects of any disturbanceson the international scene. They are dependent on foreign trade and the inflow of FDI, while their demand and inflation rate are affected by the pace of changes in big economies.The article addresses the problem of economic development in the countrywhich needs to deal with a problem of the economic crisis infection and the EUintegration process. The article studies the economic situation in Croatia which is the consequence of a recovery plan undertaken by the Croatian government.
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Lane, David. "Emerging Varieties of Capitalism in Former State Socialist Societies." Competition & Change 9, no. 3 (September 2005): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/102452905x55912.
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The transformation of the former state socialist societies involved the introduction of capitalism from above. The current ‘varieties of capitalism’ debate focuses on developed high income capitalist countries, whereas the former state socialist countries come from a low economic base and are in the process of capitalist formation. It is contended that, while levels of capital accumulation are very low, a modern capitalist system of the continental type characterises one group of central European societies. This group approaches the levels of OECD countries with respect to marketisation and has a positive participation in the global economy. A second, relatively poor and weakly coordinated, cluster has the characteristics of low income, primary sector exporting countries, with a very low integration into the global economy. This group is characterised as a hybrid state/market uncoordinated type of market capitalism. A third, relatively coherent, cluster has high levels of state control, relatively little privatisation and an undeveloped market.
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Pilisi, Paul. "Les pays socialistes de l’Est et l’Unité Européenne - La tradition dans le socialisme et le socialisme dans la tradition." Études internationales 10, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/700964ar.
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From its beginnings in 1922, the foreign policy of the Soviet Union has pursued one overriding objective : the preservation of the empire. This policy's dialectic is in conformity with the Soviet doctrine which holds that international relations are but relations of production. Soviet foreign policy has always sought international legal guarantees to protect the conquests of empire and socialism. Ideologically, the U.S.S.R. has always been opposed to the idea of European unity. European integration has traditionally been viewed by the Soviet empire as the ultimate endeavour of capitalism prior to the latter's final crisis. This basic policy option had been adopted by the socialist countries of Europe. From 1922, when the Soviet Union had accorded the E.E.C. de facto recognition, several countries of Eastern Europe had expressed their respective attitudes with regard to European integration. The Helsinki and Belgrade C.S.C.E., the final result of which was only a diplomatic declaration, emphasized the idea of East-West cooperation. European cooperation, deriving from a compromise between economic "necessity" and political "illusion," should provide practical results rather than ideas. De jure recognition of the E.E.C. by the U.S.S.R. and the Eastern Europe countries also constitutes an important element of East-West relations. The 1980s will reveal whether or not the hostility of the countries of Eastern Europe with respect to European integration has definitely been replaced by cooperation free from ulterior ideological motives.
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Zingel, Wolfgang-Peter. "State Intervention versus Private Initiative: New Challenges for the German Social Market Economy. Any Implications for Pakistan?" Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.667-680.
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There is a never ending discussion, whether economies of different development levels and cultural and social backgrounds can be compared or not. The protagonists of the modernisation theory - and of many other development theories - believe, that development is a uni-dimensional process, where the late-comers have to follow the same path, which the more advanced already went. Their opponents believe that each economy and each society have their distinct features and have to fmd and follow their own development patterns. Germany was a late-comer in industrialisation and suffered serious setbacks later. Its "miracle" reconstruction after World War II has made it prosperous; its economic order may help in mastering the unprecedented challenges set by the Unification and integration of the former East German "Socialist": command economy. Our economic order, however, is not as "free market" oriented, as many believe. With the present shift to more market orientation in the former Second and the Third World, it, therefore, should be worthwhile, to have a closer look at the German "social market economy". This especially applies to Pakistan, with its long tradition of "mixed economy", "welfare state", "Islamic socialism" and "Islamic welfare state".
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Losonc, Alpar. "Is there an opportunity to establish the social-capitalism in the post socialist transition?" Panoeconomicus 53, no. 4 (2006): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0604407l.
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Recently Claus Offe has put the question that concerns the fate of the European model of social capitalism: Can the model of social capitalism survive the European integration in the context of certain contemporary tendencies? Offe has presupposed that the mentioned model is challenged by the processes of globalization and the integration of the post socialist countries into the European Union. The working hypothesis of the article is that there is an opportunity to provide a coherent answer to this question. The article consists of two parts. In the first part the author starts with the Polanyi's socio-economic theory and emphasizes the importance of this approach for the analyzing of the tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in the post socialist countries. The author argues that with the Polanyi's theory we are able to explicate the forms of the embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945 and the orientation of non-embedded neo-liberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. Despite the tendencies of the globalization projected by neo-liberalism, the central element of the social capitalism namely, the welfare state, remains with the dimensions of the continuity. In the next part the author points out that there is an asymmetrical structure between the Western-Europe and non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialization of capitalism. The neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of the transfer of ideal-type of capitalism is more strongly implemented in the countries of transition. In addition, the mentioned theoretical approach provides opportunities to explain the failures of implementing of neo-liberalism in the post socialist countries. On the basis of the endorsing of the socio-economic aspects we can address the issue pointed out by Offe.
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Kolodko, Grzegorz W. "Transition to a market economy and sustained growth. Implications for the post-Washington consensus." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 32, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(99)00011-2.
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Transition to a market economy is a lengthy process comprised of various spheres of economic activities. The belief that a market economy can be introduced by “shock therapy” is wrong, and in several cases has caused more problems than it has solved. Since a market economy requires adequate institutional structures, transition can be executed only in a gradual manner. Despite the fact that so-called Washington consensus, i.e. a set of policies aiming to shift from stabilization to growth, was developed without concern for post-socialist transformation, these ideas have significantly influenced the path of thought and action in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. After a decade of transition and lasting depression, a new, post-Washington consensus is developing. Major policy conclusions suggest that the core of emerging consensus, also based on the lessons from transitions, is institutional building. Only with strong institutions can liberalization and privatization put emerging post-socialist markets on the path of sustainable growth. Yet, to accomplish such a task the policy reforms must also take into consideration the need for equitable growth and the new role of the state. The latter must not retire from economic activities, but ought to change its role to support the reforms and integration of the post-socialist countries into the world economy in the era of globalization, of which the post-communist transition is an important part.
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Gagyi, Agnes. "“Coloniality of power” in East Central Europe: external penetration as internal force in post-socialist Hungarian politics." Journal of World-Systems Research 22, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.626.
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Joining a series of analyses of effects of othering, orientalism, or coloniality in East Central Europe, the paper asks how long-term structural-ideological effects of global hierarchies, as reflected in post-colonial contexts by the term “coloniality of power,” can be conceptualized for East Central Europe. In a case study of political polarization in post-socialist Hungary,it examines the effects of global integration, claiming that two dominant economic-political blocks formed along a division of vertical alliances related to integration with either Western or national capital. From those positions, they developed divergent political ideologies of development: modernization through Western integration, versus the protection of “national” wealth from Western capital and its local allies. While both propagated capitalist integration, they each needed to develop ideologies that appealed to electorates suffering the costs of integration. One framing of developmentalist emancipation promised Western modernity through rejection of popular, backward characteristics of the country, including nationalism. The other promised advancement in the global hierarchy through overcoming internal and external enemies of national development. These two, mutually reinforcing ideological positions, which I call“democratic antipopulism” and “antidemocratic populism,” denied the contradiction between elites’ and workers’ interest and perpetuated existing global hierarchies. Within the wider debate over cross-contextual applications of the notion of “coloniality of power,” and of emancipative efforts born from the “colonial wound,” the paper emphasizes the significance of the structural conditions, positions and alliances within which experiences of global domination are born and mobilized.
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Wang, Chunmei. "Analysis of the legal sources of the introduction of basic socialist values in the "Law on insurance"." Legal Science in China and Russia, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2021.4.064-070.
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The main socialist values are the soul of socialist legal construction. The introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for maintaining a combination of State governance on a legal basis and State governance on the basis of moral norms, and this is an important way to strengthen the construction of basic socialist values. The promotion of the introduction of basic socialist values into legislation has become an important measure for the introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of law and order and an important way of implementing basic socialist values. From the point of view of the rule of law, upholding the basic socialist values in laws and regulations undoubtedly requires the transformation and elevation of basic values, such as politics and moral norms, to the level of legal norms, so that they can receive a source and normative characteristic of justice, execution and protection.However, from the point of view of judicial practice and social reality in China, there are other types of norms that serve as the basis for court decisions and the normative basis for the behavior of the subject. Therefore, the “Insurance Law” as the basic law in the fi eld of traditional commercial law, the introduction of basic socialist values developed by a legal source based on the central position of the legislator, and should be based on the Constitution of the Civil Code of China. Here is about the fact that the constitution is the main right and dominant in the legal system of any countryThe content “The state supports the basic socialist values” was added to article 24 “Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”, adopted on March 11, 2018. So that the basic socialist values are raised to the level and height of constitutional norms, and, thus, the defense of the basic socialist values has the highest legal force of the constitution. The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is guided by the “Constitution”, and in article 1 “the task of legislation” further proposes and requires “the promotion of socialist core values” and accepts the integration of the civil and commercial codes as a legislative tradition and legislative style.This is what provides the normative basis of the legal source for the introduction of the Law on Insurance into the basic socialist values. Principles and institutions, as the main forms of manifestation of law in the source of law, have also become two fi elds in which the basic socialist values are integrated into the Law on Insurance. Field integration at the level of basic principles should be mainly based on the principle of good faith, but based on the characteristics of insurance activity and insurance management, the overall integrity of the core values should be raised to the highest level of maximum integrity in order to offer a higher degree of honesty to insurance entities.Integration at the level of institutions requires not only the concretization of the principle of maximum integrity, but also the integration of basic values, such as freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, into specifi c institutions in order to offer norms of behavior and justice for insurance entities and judicial authorities from the level of a legal source. In addition, from the position of judges in the center of justice, from the legal source, the introduction of basic socialist values has certain disadvantages, therefore, other types of norms besides legal sources should be introduced, such as appropriate judicial explanations about the Insurance Law, in this general fi eld, to help correct the shortcomings of the Insurance Law in the legal source, the full manifestation and implementation of the guiding and guiding role of the basic socialist values in the insurance legislation and insurance practice of China, the effective normalization and leadership of the healthy development of the insurance industry in China, as well as the demonstration and implementation of the contribution of insurance to the socialist economic order of China, and serves as a "stabilizer" of public order.
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Knyazeva, Svetlana. "THE PROBLEM OF THE EU INTEGRATION OF THE BALKAN COUNTRIES AND THE EU ENLARGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VALUE MODEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.08.
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The article examines a wide range of the problems associated with the boundless enlargement of the European Union which makes it possible to place the Balkans in the context of general European development. To become a member of the EU is the important goal of the post-socialist countries of the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe. Bulgaria, Romania, and the post-Yugoslavian states of Slovenia and Croatia became full members of the EU. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania are still at different stages of integration into the European community. This accession is the logical completion of the processes of social, political, economic and legal transformation of the Balkan countries, in which they themselves and the European Union as a whole and its individual member states are interested for reasons of geopolitics and geoeconomics. However, the accession to Europe (or the return to Europe) of the Balkan states with their authoritarian and socialist past includes not only the reform of the economic, political and legal systems, but also a change in value orientations. While in the states of the so-called «founding fathers» of the EU a Western European corporate civic identity is being formed, in the countries of the former Eastern Europe and the Balkan region, ethnic identity remains remains largely in the mainstream of public consciousness. The author examines axiological, ideological and psychological aspects of the accession of post-socialist countries to the EU, and also analyzes specific foreign policy problems associated with this process and the role of regional international organizations in the «europeanization» of the Balkans and in the settlement of ethnic and interstate conflicts in the region that still remain acute. Negative tendencies, first of all - the strengthening of populist sentiments and the coming to power of politicians reflecting these sentiments, pose challenges and threats not only to the European Union, but also to Russia.
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Mojic, Dusan. "Means of getting ahead in post-socialist Serbia: Perceptions and preferences of young people." Sociologija 54, no. 2 (2012): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1202303m.
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Young people?s perceptions and preferences regarding main channels of upward mobility are very important for integration in every society. After one decade of blocked post-socialist transformation, political changes in 2000 unblocked the process of transformation of Serbian society, raising young people?s expectations of the improvement of their social position. Modernization and democratization of political system, as well as market reforms of the economic system would definitely make this process more probable. These reforms, if carried out properly, would enable the activation of young people and their inclination towards modern and development-oriented ways of advancement in society. Nevertheless, empirical studies in the last ten years in Serbia have constantly shown large discrepancy in youth?s perceived and preferred factors of upward social mobility. Namely, although education and hard work have been emphasized by young people as the main preferred means of getting ahead, wealthy origin and political connections have been, in fact, perceived as the most important factors in this respect in Serbia during the last decade. Political instability, (still) uncompleted reform of political and economic system and economic growth without employment (especially of young people) are the main reasons why half of the young population has had, more or less, a constant wish to leave Serbia forever. The main thesis of this paper is that the above-mentioned discrepancy between preferred and perceived ?social order? represents one of the key basis of such a way of thinking of young people in Serbia.
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Losonc, Alpar. "Is it possible to install social capitalism in post socialist transition?" Sociologija 49, no. 2 (2007): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0702097l.
Full textAbstract:
Recently Claus Offe has raised the question concerning the fate of the European model of social capitalism. Can the model of social capitalism survive European integration amongst current tendencies? Offe assumes that this model has been challenged by the processes of globalisation and by the integration of postsocialist countries into the European Union. The working hypotheses of this article is that a relatively coherent answer to this question may be offered. The article is divided into three parts. The first part starts with Polanji?s socio-economic theory and emphasizes the importance of this approach for analyzing tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in post-socialist countries. The author argues that Polanyi?s theory enables us to explain the forms of embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945, as well as the orientation of non-embedded neoliberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. The central element of social capitalism, namely, the welfare-state, despite globalizing tendencies projected by neoliberalism, still has dimensions of continuity. In the second section it is argued that an asymmetrical structure has arisen between Western Europe and the non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialisation of capitalism. Neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of transferring ideal-type capitalism is much more strongly implemented in transition countries. In the third part the author pleads for a broadening of the meaning of welfare to take into account the ecological aspect of welfare in countries in transition. The author insists that embeddedness must also include socio-ecological aspects of transition processes in postsocialist countries. Moreover, this theoretical approach provides an opportunity to explain the failures in implementing neoliberalism in postsocialist countries. If we introduce socio-ecological aspects we are in a much better position to answer Offe?s question.
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PĂUN, Nicolae. "The EEC and Comecon: A Difficult Relationship, 1960-1974." Journal of European Integration History 26, no. 1 (2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2020-1-127.
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The degree of economic integration attained within Comecon never came close to the one fostered by the policies within the European Economic Community, notably the Common Commercial Policy. Moreover, the relations between the two entities were hindered by the fact that the Moscow-driven bloc fell short of granting recognition to the EEC, with trade relations being organized in the form of bilateral agreements between countries from both sides of the Iron Curtain, until the mid-1970s. This study chiefly relies on Romanian archives, which demonstrate the specific interests of socialist countries pertaining to the fate of their economic agreements with Western states, set against the background of the institutional progress made by the EEC in shaping its Common Commercial Policy. The attempts by the former to sabotage the Community endeavour are explained through figures indicating the amount of trade conducted with Western countries, but various breaches weakened Comecon’s position.
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Alvergne, Alexandra, and Virpi Lummaa. "Ecological variation in wealth–fertility relationships in Mongolia: the ‘central theoretical problem of sociobiology’ not a problem after all?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1796 (December 7, 2014): 20141733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1733.
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The negative wealth–fertility relationship brought about by market integration remains a puzzle to classic evolutionary models. Evolutionary ecologists have argued that this phenomenon results from both stronger trade-offs between reproductive and socioeconomic success in the highest social classes and the comparison of groups rather than individuals. Indeed, studies in contemporary low fertility settings have typically used aggregated samples that may mask positive wealth–fertility relationships. Furthermore, while much evidence attests to trade-offs between reproductive and socioeconomic success, few studies have explicitly tested the idea that such constraints are intensified by market integration. Using data from Mongolia, a post-socialist nation that underwent mass privatization, we examine wealth–fertility relationships over time and across a rural–urban gradient. Among post-reproductive women, reproductive fitness is the lowest in urban areas, but increases with wealth in all regions. After liberalization, a demographic–economic paradox emerges in urban areas: while educational attainment negatively impacts female fertility in all regions, education uniquely provides socioeconomic benefits in urban contexts. As market integration progresses, socio-economic returns to education increase and women who limit their reproduction to pursue education get wealthier. The results support the view that selection favoured mechanisms that respond to opportunities for status enhancement rather than fertility maximization.
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Rotaru, Mirela. "Job Assignment of Graduates of the University of Bucharest and Their Integration in the Labor System of the 1980s." International Review of Social Research 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2014-0018.
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Abstract: According to the official communist rhetoric, the assignment of higher education graduates to socialist enterprises and/or institutions was ‘an action with profound social-political meanings, which aims to ensure the production units and other areas which the specialists they need’. The closure of the top most populated 14 cities starting with 1981 combined with the economic crisis of the 1980s and with various measures of the regime perceived as absurd, and made the system more restrictive than ever before. This study focuses on the changes of the job supply for graduates of the University of Bucharest during the 1980s, and on the process of assigning graduates to their work-place.
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Kolodko, Grzegorz W. "Economics and politics of the currency convergence: The case of Poland." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 50, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.06.003.
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Of the 11 post-socialist states that have already become European Union members only five have joined the common currency Eurozone. The other six, including Poland, the region’s largest economy, have, pursuant to accession treaties, the right and obligation to adopt euro as their currency. They fail to exercise their right and meet their obligation, which has both causes and consequences. These are economic and political in nature and that is why there is no certainty about how the situation will evolve in future. However, from both of those perspectives, and especially for economic reasons, Eastern European EU members should join the Eurozone, as the resulting benefits, not only for Poland, significantly outweigh the conversion costs. Thus, new countries, especially Poland, adopting euro would have a positive impact on the European integration process, which is experiencing a serious structural, institutional and political crisis.
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Smith, Andrew WM. "Uprooting Identity: European Integration, Political Realignment and the Wine of the Languedoc, 1984–2014." Contemporary European History 29, no. 4 (November 2020): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000387.
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Uprooting productive vines transformed the landscape of the wine growing Languedoc as part of a coordinated European effort to reduce agricultural overproduction, most notably after 1984. The demographic shifts caused by this transformation upset regional political alliances, coinciding with a socialist presidency and electoral gains for the far-right Front National (FN). More traditional syndical bodies lost their ability to accent national change, floundering in the face of supra-national reform. This left space for political parties to politicise this gap between agency and power, and the FN retooled regional rhetoric emerging from wine protests on the left in service of local campaigns. Contextualising the election of Robert Ménard in Béziers in 2014, this article looks at how sectoral and economic transformation was passed over in favour of populist language borrowed from the vineyards only decades earlier, in which the uprooting of vines explains the perceived uprooting of identity.
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Koshkin, A. S. "LEGAL FORMS OF COOPERATION OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC MUTUAL ASSISTANCE WITH NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), no. 1 (2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-57-63.
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The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the need for legal regulation of COMECON cooperation with countries outside the organization. The main forms of COMECON cooperation, its structural elements and their interdepartmental relations with non-member countries of the Union are studied. The role of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) and its direct participation in the legal regulation of the economic integration of the socialist countries, as well as in the creation of a comprehensive program that allows coordinating and developing relations with other countries in the field of maritime transport, scientific cooperation and industry, were noted. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the legal framework governing the relationship of COMECON with countries that are not part of it. To achieve this goal, the main COMECON regulations in this area, as well as bilateral and multilateral agreements, were analyzed.
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Cucoviċ, Anita. "THE ROLE OF STATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN TRANSITION CONDITIONS." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34051549c.
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One of the most significant socio-economic challenges at the beginning of the new millennium has been the transformation of post-socialist systems into systems that can meet the challenges of a predominantly capitalist world economy.Multinational companies become directly involved in this transition process when acquiring in one of the former socialist economies, especially when engaging in local businesses. They are confronted with a particular institutional environment that pre-determines strategic opportunities for the enterprise and limits the application of Western firms business practices and organizational concepts. Thus, the strategies observed in transition countries are different from those applied in successful and developed economies, and strategies that prove successful in one country may be a complete failure in another. Corporate strategies in transition countries and other emerging markets can only be explained by including a specific institutional context in the analysis. This creates challenges that are fundamentally different from the experience of managers of developed countries and firms with foreign business partners. a particular challenge is the acquisition and subsequent integration of state-owned enterprises.
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Liang, Feng. "Analysis of the Relationship between Monetary Policy and Stock Market Liquidity." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i3.2184.
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After the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the introduction of the economic theory has promoted the integration of the global socialist market economy. Thereafter, this integration of the domestic and international market has been preliminarily completed, the role of the factor market in resource allocation has been improved, and a sturdy environment has been established for the development of Chinese enterprises. With the effective implementation of a series of policies after the financial system reform, the roles of the financial market in regulating macro-economy and revitalizing the market have become increasingly prominent. In regard to that, it has effectively promoted the financial market as a trade to “enrich people.” This paper analyzes the relationship between monetary policy and stock market liquidity in terms of the influence of the former on the latter and suggests strategies to enhance the liquidity effect of monetary policy.
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GADZEY, ANTHONY TUO-KOFI. "The State and Capitalist Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Comparative Political Studies 24, no. 4 (January 1992): 455–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414092024004003.
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Declining performance of the postcolonial African states suggest the inefficiency of centralization and or socialist strategy that currently dominates the region. The solution, however, is not a return to the largely unrestrained liberal economic models of the 1960s, such as import substitution industrialization or commodity export specialization. Whether from the left or right, the inability of all three models to define precise development roles for Africa state elites suggest their insensitivity to and inadequacy for the needs of these politically dynamic young states of Africa. An alternative model presented in this article would involve state elites in grass roots capitalist development. The model fosters decentralization and economic development without sacrificing rule legitimization and national integration as equal objectives. In many respects, the model is an attempt to adapt to African realities the norms of embedded liberalism that properly describe current Western liberalism.
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Ou, Xijun. "Research on the Strategy of Deepening the Integration of Industry and Education and Promoting the Training of Application-Oriented Talents in Universities in Jilin." Lifelong Education 9, no. 4 (July 22, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i4.943.
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Since China joint the WTO, the economy has taken off, and national capital has accumulated rapidly. It has now become the second-largest economy. In the past two or three decades, with the rapid development of China’s socialist economy and the upgrading of the industrial structure, the academic college students’ talents need a longer transition time to adapt to the current upgraded economy. Along with the integration of industry and education, colleges and enterprises pay more and more attention to the cultivation and application of application-oriented talents and compound skills talents. Compared with traditional college student talents, the employment rate of application-oriented talents is relatively high. One of the school’s goals is the employment rate of students. Therefore, the talents need to explore the integration of industry and education to cater for the social and economic development of the new era. The cultivation of application-oriented talents have been valued by colleges and universities, and gradually promoted to various majors and colleges. This article mainly discusses the research on deepening the integration of industry and education in universities in Jilin Province.