To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Socialisten.

Journal articles on the topic 'Socialisten'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Socialisten.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Van Velthoven, Harry. "'Amis ennemis'? 2 Communautaire spanningen in de socialistische partij 1919-1940. Verdeeldheid. Compromis. Crisis. Tweede deel: 1935-1940." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 77, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 101–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v77i2.15682.

Full text
Abstract:
Rond 1910 werd in de BWP de Vlaamse kwestie een vrije kwestie. De ‘versmelting’ van twee volken in een ‘âme belge’, via tweetaligheid, werd afgewezen. Onder impuls van Huysmans beriep het Vlaamse socialisme zich op de idee van culturele autonomie: het recht op onderwijs in de moedertaal van de lagere school tot de universiteit en dus de vernederlandsing van de Gentse Rijksuniversiteit. Daarmee behoorde het Vlaamse socialisme tot de voorhoede van de Vlaamse beweging. Het Waalse socialisme daarentegen verdedigde nog de superioriteit van het Frans en de mythe van een tweetalig Vlaanderen, en kantte zich tegen die Vlaamse hoofdeis.Tijdens de tweede fase (1919-1935) was de Vlaamse beweging verzwakt en het Vlaamse socialisme verdeeld. Huysmans slaagde er slechts met moeite in om een ongunstig partijstandpunt ter zake te verhinderen en de Vlaamse kwestie als een vrije kwestie te behouden. Het ‘Compromis des socialistes belges’ van november 1929 was gebaseerd op regionale eentaligheid en een minimale tweetaligheid in het leger en de centrale besturen. Het legde mee de fundamenten van de evolutie naar het beginsel van de territorialiteit inzake bestuur en onderwijs (1930 en 1932).Tijdens de derde fase (1935-1940) hield die pacificatie geen stand. Conflicten versterkten elkaar. De partijleiding kwam in handen van de Brusselaar Spaak en de Vlaming De Man, die met zijn Plan van de Arbeid in 1933 de BWP even uit de impasse had gehaald. Het ging om een nieuwe generatie die het socialisme een andere inhoud wilde geven: streven naar een volkspartij in plaats van klassenstrijd, een ‘socialisme national’, een autoritaire democratie als antwoord op een aanhoudende politieke crisis. Vooral aan Waalse kant werd daartegen gereageerd. Tevens werd de evolutie in het buitenlandse beleid, de zelfstandigheid los van Frankrijk, bekritiseerd. De Spaanse burgeroorlog en de eventuele erkenning van generaal Franco dreef de tegenstellingen op de spits. Voor het eerst had de partij met Spaak een socia-listische eerste minister (mei 1938-januari 1939). Hoewel alle socialisten tegen Franco waren, verschilden de Waalse socialisten van mening met de meeste Vlaamse socialisten over de vraag of de regering daarover moest vallen. Er was ook de tegenstelling over een al dan niet toenadering tot de christelijke arbeidersbeweging vanwege een dan noodzakelijke schoolvrede en een subsidiëring van de katholieke ‘strijdscholen’. Daarop entte zich de taalkwestie. In de Kamer viel de fractiecohesie terug tot 53%.De Vlaamse socialisten waren niet alleen veel sterker vertegenwoordigd in de fractie (40% in 1936), hun zelfbewustzijn nam ook sterk toe. Ze ergerden zich steeds meer aan het bijna exclusieve gebruik van het Frans in de fractie, in het partijbestuur en vooral tijdens congressen. Wie geen of weinig Frans kende, wilde niet langer als minderwaardig worden behandeld. Zeker als dat samenviel met een andere visie. Het eerste aparte Vlaams Socialistisch Congres ging door in maart 1937. Het wilde de culturele autonomie zo veel mogelijk doortrekken, maar keerde zich tegen elke vorm van federalisme, waardoor de Vlaamse socialisten in een klerikaal Vlaanderen een machteloze minderheid zouden worden. Bij de Waalse socialisten groeide de frustratie. Ze organiseerden aparte Waalse Congressen in 1938 en 1939. Ze benadrukten drie vormen van Vlaams imperialisme. De ongunstige demografische evolutie maakte een Vlaamse meerderheid in het parlement en politieke minorisering mogelijk. De financieel-economische transfers van Wallonië naar Vlaanderen verarmden Wallonië. Het verlies aan jobs voor ééntalige Walen in Wallonië en in Brussel was discriminerend. Dat laatste zorgde voor een francofone toenadering en een gezamenlijke framing. Het flamingantisme had zich al meester gemaakt van Vlaanderen, bedreigde via tweetaligheid nu de Brusselse agglomeratie, waarna Wallonië aan de beurt zou komen. Op 2 februari 1939 stonden Vlaamse en Waalse socialisten tegenover elkaar. De unitaire partij dreigde, naar katholiek voorbeeld, in twee taalgroepen uiteen te vallen. Zover kwam het niet. De wallinganten, die een politiek federalisme nastreefden, hadden terrein gewonnen, maar de meeste Waalse socialisten bleven voorstander van een nationale solidariteit. Mits een nieuw ‘Compromis’ dat met de Waalse grieven rekening hield. De mythe van het Vlaamse socialisme als Vlaams vijandig of onverschillig is moeilijk vol te houden. Wel ontstond na de Tweede Wereldoorlog een andere situatie. Tijdens de jaren 1960 behoorde de Vlaamse kwestie tot de ‘trein der gemiste kansen’ . Na de Eerste Wereldoorlog en de invoering van het enkelvoudig stemrecht voor mannen werd de socialistische partij bijna even groot als de katholieke. De verkiezingen verscherpten de regionale en ideologische asymmetrie. De katholieke partij behield de absolute meerderheid in Vlaanderen, de socialistische verwierf een gelijkaardige positie in Wallonië. Nationaal werden coalitieregeringen noodzakelijk. In de Kamer veroverden zowel de socialisten als de christendemocratische vleugel een machtsbasis, maar tot de regering doordringen bleek veel moeilijker. Die bleven gedomineerd door de conservatieve katholieke vleugel en de liberale partij, met steun van de koning en van de haute finance. Eenmaal het socialistische minimumprogramma uit angst voor een sociale revolutie aanvaard (1918-1921), werden de socialisten nog slechts getolereerd tijdens crisissituaties of als het niet anders kon (1925-1927, 1935-1940). Het verklaart een toenemende frustratie bij Waalse socialisten. Tevens bemoeilijkte hun antiklerikalisme de samenwerking van Vlaamse socialisten met christendemocraten en Vlaamsgezinden, zoals in Antwerpen, en dat gold ook voor de vorming van regeringen. In de BWP waren de verhoudingen veranderd. De macht lag nu gespreid over vier actoren: de federaties, het partijbestuur, de parlementsfractie en eventueel de ministers. De eenheid was bij momenten ver zoek. In 1919 was het Vlaamse socialisme veel sterker geworden. In Vlaanderen behaalde het 24 zetels (18 meer dan in 1914) en werd het met 25,5% de tweede grootste partij. Bovendien was de dominantie van Gent verschoven naar Antwerpen, dat met zes zetels de vierde grootste federatie van de BWP werd. Het aantrekken van Camille Huysmans als boegbeeld versterkte haar Vlaamsgezind profiel. In een eerste fase moest Huysmans nog de Vlaamse kwestie als een vrije kwestie verdedigen. Zelfs tegen de Gentse en de Kortrijkse federatie in, die de vooroorlogse Vlaamsgezinde hoofdeis – de vernederland-sing van de Gentse universiteit – hadden losgelaten. Naar 1930 toe, de viering van honderd jaar België, was de Vlaamse beweging opnieuw sterker geworden en werd gevreesd voor de electorale doorbraak van een Vlaams-nationalistische partij. Een globale oplossing voor het Vlaamse probleem begon zich op te dringen. Dat gold ook voor de BWP. Interne tegenstellingen moesten overbrugd worden zodat, gezien de financiële crisis, de sociaaleconomische thema’s alle aandacht konden krijgen. Daarbij stonden de eenheid van België en van de partij voorop. In maart 1929 leidde dit tot het ‘Compromis des Belges’ en een paar maanden later tot het minder bekende en radicalere partijstandpunt, het ‘Compromis des socialistes belges’. Voortbouwend op de vooroorlogse visie van het bestaan van twee volken binnen België, werd dit doorgetrokken tot het recht op culturele autonomie van elk volk, gebaseerd op het principe van regionale eentaligheid, ten koste van de taalminderheden. Voor de Vlaamse socialisten kwam dit neer op een volledige vernederlandsing van Vlaanderen, te beginnen met het onderwijs en de Gentse universiteit. Niet zonder enige tegenzin ging een meerderheid van Waalse socialisten daarmee akkoord. In ruil eisten zij dat in België werd afgezien van elke vorm van verplichte tweetaligheid, gezien als een vorm van Vlaams kolonialisme. Eentalige Walen hadden in Wallonië en in nationale instellingen (leger, centrale besturen) recht op aanwerving en carrière zonder kennis van het Nederlands, zoals ook de kennis ervan als tweede landstaal in Wallonië niet mocht worden opgelegd. De betekenis van dit interne compromis kreeg in de historiografie onvoldoende aandacht. Dat geldt ook voor de vaststelling dat beide nationale arbeidersbewegingen, de BWP vanuit de oppositie, in 1930-1932 mee de invoering van het territorialiteitsbeginsel hebben geforceerd. Een tussentijdse fase C uit het model van Miroslav Hroch.___________ ‘Frenemies’? 2Communitarian tensions in the Socialist Party 1919-1940. Division, Compromise. Crisis. Part Two: 1935-1940 Around 1910, the Flemish question became a free question in the BWP. The ‘merging’ of two peoples in a Belgian soul (âme belge) through bilingualism was rejected. According to Huysmans, Flemish socialism appealed to the idea of cultural autonomy: the right to education in one’s native language from primary school to university, and therefore, the transformation of the state University of Ghent into a Dutch-speaking institution. Hence, Flemish socialism became part of the vanguard of the Flemish Movement. Walloon socialism, on the contrary, continued to support the superiority of French in Belgium and the myth of a bilingual Flanders. It turned against this key Flemish demand.The next stages were dominated by the introduction of simple universal male suffrage in 1919. The Catholic Party maintained an absolute majority in Flanders, the Socialist Party acquired a similar position in Wallonia. During the second phase (1919-1935) initially the Flemish Movement was weakened and Flemish socialism divided. Huysmans hardly managed to keep the Flemish question a free question. The ‘Compromise of the Belgian Socialists’ (Compromis des socialistes belges) of November 1929 was based on regional monolingualism and a minimal bilingualism in the army and the central administration. The territorial principle in administration and education (1930 and 1932) was accepted. Dutch became the official language in Flanders.During the third phase (1935-1940) pacification did not hold. Conflicts strengthened one another. The party leadership fell into the hands of the Brussels politician Spaak and the Fleming De Man. The latter had just offered the BWP an answer to the socio-economic depression with his ‘Labour Plan’ (Plan van de Arbeid). This new generation wanted a different socialism: rather a people’s party than stressing class conflict, a ‘national socialism’, an authoritarian democracy as a response to a persistent political crisis. In particular Walloons reacted against these developments. At the same time, they critisized the foreign policy of diplomatic independence from France (‘los van Frankrijk’). The Spanish Civil War and the possible recognition of General Franco stressed the divisions. With Spaak, the party had a Socialist Prime Minister for the first time (May 1938-January 1939). While all socialists were opposed to Franco, Walloon socialists had a conflicting view with most Flemish socialists on whether the govern-ment should be brought down on this subject. There was also a conflict over the question of rapprochement with the Christian labour movement concerning a truce over the school question and subsidies for the Catholic ‘propaganda’ schools. The language question worsened the situation. In the Chamber, party cohesion dropped down to 53%.Not only were the Flemish socialists much more strongly represented in the socialist parliamentary group (40% in 1936), their assertiveness also increased. They became more and more annoyed with the quasi-exclusive use of French in their parliamentary group, in the party administration, and mostly during party congresses. Those who knew little or no French no longer wanted to be treated as inferior. Especially, when they had different opinions. The first separate Flemish Socialist Congress was held in March 1937. The Congress wanted to pursue cultural autonomy as far as possible, but opposed any form of federalism, as Flemish socialists would become a powerless minority in a clerical Flanders.Frustration grew among Walloon socialists. They organised separate Walloon Congresses in 1938 and 1939. They emphasized three forms of Flemish imperialism. Unfavourable demographic developments made a Flemish majority in Parliament and political minoritisation likely. Financial-economic transfers impoverished Wallonia to the benefit of Flanders. The loss of jobs for monolingual Walloons in Wallonia and Brussels was discriminatory. This contributed to common framing among Francophones: “Flemish radicalism” was accepted in Flanders, presently threatening the Brussels agglomeration via bilingualism, and Wallonia would be next.On 2 February 1939 Flemish and Walloon socialists opposed one another. The unitary party was in danger of splitting into two language groups, following the Catholic example. It did not come to that. The Walloon radicals, who pursued political federalism, had won some ground, but most Walloon socialists remained supporters of national solidarity, provided the adoption of a new ‘Compromise’ that took account of Walloon grievances.The myth of Flemish socialism as hostile or indifferent to Flemish issues is hard to maintain. After the Second World War, however, the situation became different.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Van Velthoven, Harry. "'Amis ennemis'? 2 Communautaire spanningen in de socialistische partij 1919-1940. Verdeeldheid. Compromis. Crisis. Eerste deel: 1918-1935." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 77, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 27–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v77i1.12007.

Full text
Abstract:
Na de Eerste Wereldoorlog en de invoering van het enkelvoudig stemrecht voor mannen werd de socialistische partij bijna even groot als de katholieke. De verkiezingen verscherpten de regionale en ideologische asymmetrie. De katholieke partij behield de absolute meerderheid in Vlaanderen, de socialistische verwierf een gelijkaardige positie in Wallonië. Nationaal werden coalitieregeringen noodzakelijk. In de Kamer veroverden zowel de socialisten als de christendemocratische vleugel een machtsbasis, maar tot de regering doordringen bleek veel moeilijker. Die bleven gedomineerd door de conservatieve katholieke vleugel en de liberale partij, met steun van de koning en van de haute finance. Eenmaal het socialistische minimumprogramma uit angst voor een sociale revolutie aanvaard (1918-1921), werden de socialisten nog slechts getolereerd tijdens crisissituaties of als het niet anders kon (1925-1927, 1935-1940). Het verklaart een toenemende frustratie bij Waalse socialisten. Tevens bemoeilijkte hun antiklerikalisme de samenwerking van Vlaamse socialisten met christendemocraten en Vlaamsgezinden, zoals in Antwerpen, en dat gold ook voor de vorming van regeringen. In de BWP waren de verhoudingen veranderd. De macht lag nu gespreid over vier actoren: de federaties, het partijbestuur, de parlementsfractie en eventueel de ministers. De eenheid was bij momenten ver zoek. In 1919 was het Vlaamse socialisme veel sterker geworden. In Vlaanderen behaalde het 24 zetels (18 meer dan in 1914) en werd het met 25,5% de tweede grootste partij. Bovendien was de dominantie van Gent verschoven naar Antwerpen, dat met zes zetels de vierde grootste federatie van de BWP werd. Het aantrekken van Camille Huysmans als boegbeeld versterkte haar Vlaamsgezind profiel. In een eerste fase moest Huysmans nog de Vlaamse kwestie als een vrije kwestie verdedigen. Zelfs tegen de Gentse en de Kortrijkse federatie in, die de vooroorlogse Vlaamsgezinde hoofdeis – de vernederland-sing van de Gentse universiteit – hadden losgelaten. Naar 1930 toe, de viering van honderd jaar België, was de Vlaamse beweging opnieuw sterker geworden en werd gevreesd voor de electorale doorbraak van een Vlaams-nationalistische partij. Een globale oplossing voor het Vlaamse probleem begon zich op te dringen. Dat gold ook voor de BWP. Interne tegenstellingen moesten overbrugd worden zodat, gezien de financiële crisis, de sociaaleconomische thema’s alle aandacht konden krijgen. Daarbij stonden de eenheid van België en van de partij voorop. In maart 1929 leidde dit tot het ‘Compromis des Belges’ en een paar maanden later tot het minder bekende en radicalere partijstandpunt, het ‘Compromis des socialistes belges’. Voortbouwend op de vooroorlogse visie van het bestaan van twee volken binnen België, werd dit doorgetrokken tot het recht op culturele autonomie van elk volk, gebaseerd op het principe van regionale eentaligheid, ten koste van de taalminderheden. Voor de Vlaamse socialisten kwam dit neer op een volledige vernederlandsing van Vlaanderen, te beginnen met het onderwijs en de Gentse universiteit. Niet zonder enige tegenzin ging een meerderheid van Waalse socialisten daarmee akkoord. In ruil eisten zij dat in België werd afgezien van elke vorm van verplichte tweetaligheid, gezien als een vorm van Vlaams kolonialisme. Eentalige Walen hadden in Wallonië en in nationale instellingen (leger, centrale besturen) recht op aanwerving en carrière zonder kennis van het Nederlands, zoals ook de kennis ervan als tweede landstaal in Wallonië niet mocht worden opgelegd. De betekenis van dit interne compromis kreeg in de historiografie onvoldoende aandacht. Dat geldt ook voor de vaststelling dat beide nationale arbeidersbewegingen, de BWP vanuit de oppositie, in 1930-1932 mee de invoering van het territorialiteitsbeginsel hebben geforceerd. Een tussentijdse fase C uit het model van Miroslav Hroch.________‘Frenemies’? 2Communitarian tensions in the Socialist Party 1919-1940. Division, Compromise. Crisis. Part One: 1918-1935After the First World War and the introduction of simple universal male suffrage, the Socialist Party was almost as large as the Catholic Party. Elections sharpened the regional and ideological asymmetry. The Catholic Party maintained an absolute majority in Flanders; the Socialists acquired a similar position in Wallonia. Coalition gov-ernments were a necessity at the national level. In the Chamber, both the Socialists and the Christian Democratic wing of the Catholics had a strong base of power, but entering in the government turned out to be much more difficult. Governments remained dominated by the conservative wing of the Catholic Party and by the Liberal Party, with support from the king and high finance. Once the Socialist minimum program had been accepted out of fear of a social revolution in the years 1918-1921, the Socialists were only tolerated in government during crises or in case there was no other possibility (1925-1927, 1935-1940). This explains an increasing frustration among Walloon Socialists. At the same time, Flemish Socialists’ anticlericalism hindered their cooperation with Christian Democrats and members of the Flemish Movement, as in Antwerp, and that also held true for the forming of national governments.In the Belgian Workers’ Party (BWP), balance had changed. Power now lay spread among four actors: the federations, the party administration, the parliamentary faction, and sometimes, government ministers. Unity was sometimes hard to find. In 1919 Flemish socialism became much stronger. In Flanders it took 25 seats (18 more than in 1914) and, with 25.5% of the vote, was the second-largest party. In addition, the centre of gravity moved from Ghent to Antwerp, which with six seats became the fourth-largest federation in the BWP. Camille Huysmans’s appeal as the figurehead strengthened its profile with regard to the Flemish Movement. At first, Huysmans had to defend the treatment of the Flemish Question as a matter of individual conscience for party members, even against the Ghent and Kortrijk federations, which had abandoned the foremost pre-war demand of the Flemish Movement, the transformation of the University of Ghent into a Dutch-language institution. As 1930, the centenary of Belgium, approached, the Flemish Movement became stronger once again and an electoral breakthrough by a Flemish nationalist party was feared. An overall solution to the Flemish problem was pressing, also in the BWP. Internal divisions needed to be bridged in order to give full attention to socioeconomic questions, in light of the financial crisis. The unity of Belgium and of the party came first and foremost. In 1929 this led to the ‘Compromis des Belges’ (Compromise of the Belgians) and a few months later to the lesser-known but more radical position of the party, the ‘Compromise of the Belgian Socialists’. Building on the pre-war vision of the existence of two peoples within Belgium, this point of view was imbued with the right of each people to cultural autonomy, based on the principle of regional monolingualism, at the expense of linguistic minorities. For Flemish socialists this came down to a full transformation of Flanders into a Dutch-speaking society, beginning with education and the University of Ghent. The majority of Walloon socialists went along with this, though not without some reluctance. In return, they demanded the elimination of any form of required bilingualism in Belgium, which they saw as a form of Flemish colonialism. In Wallonia and in national institutions (the army, the central administration), monolingual Walloons had a right to be recruited and have a career without a knowledge of Dutch, just as knowledge of Dutch as a second national language was not supposed to be imposed in Wallonia. The significance of this internal compromise has received insufficient attention in the historiography. The same observation applies to the finding that both national workers’ movements – the BWP from the ranks of the opposition – forced the introduction of the principle of territoriality in 1930-1932: an interim phase C of Miroslav Hroch’s model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Shaev, Brian. "The Algerian War, European Integration, and the Decolonization of French Socialism." French Historical Studies 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-4254619.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis article takes up Todd Shepard's call to “write together the history of the Algerian War and European integration” by examining the French Socialist Party. Socialist internationalism, built around an analysis of European history, abhorred nationalism and exalted supranational organization. Its principles were durable and firm. Socialist visions for French colonies, on the other hand, were fluid. The asymmetry of the party's European and colonial visions encouraged socialist leaders to apply their European doctrine to France's colonies during the Algerian War. The war split socialists who favored the European communities into multiple parties, in which they cooperated with allies who did not support European integration. French socialist internationalism became a casualty of the Algerian War. In the decolonization of the French Socialist Party, support for European integration declined and internationalism largely vanished as a guiding principle of French socialism.Cet article répond à l'appel de Todd Shepard à « écrire à la fois l'histoire de la guerre d'Algérie et l'histoire de l'intégration européenne » en examinant le Parti socialiste. L'internationalisme socialiste, basé sur une analyse de l'histoire européenne, dénonça le nationalisme et exalta le supranationalisme. Ses principes furent durables et fermes. Par contre, sa politique concernant les colonies fut souple. L'asymétrie entre les visions européenne et coloniale du parti encouragea l'application de la doctrine européenne aux colonies françaises pendant la guerre d'Algérie. La guerre divisa les partisans socialistes des communautés européennes en multiples partis, dans lesquels ils coopérèrent avec des alliés qui ne soutenaient pas l'intégration européenne. L'internationalisme socialiste français fut une victime de la guerre d'Algérie. Dans la décolonisation du socialisme français, le soutien à l'intégration européenne recula et l'internationalisme disparut comme principe directeur.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Noordegraaf, Herman. "Nu daagt het in het Oosten : De Bond van Christen-Socialisten en de Russische revolutie (1917-1921)." DNK : Documentatieblad voor de Nederlandse kerkgeschiedenis na 1800 43, no. 93 (December 1, 2020): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dnk2020.93.003.noor.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The Russian Revolution of 1917 evoked a lot of enthusiasm within revolutionary groups in the Netherlands. Here they saw for the first time in history the building up of a real socialist society. One of these was the League of Christian-Socialists (Bond van Christen-Socialisten), that was founded in 1907. Though the League welcomed the Russian Revolution there was also discussion, especially about the use of violence by the Bolsheviks. Three different groups came into being: those who rejected the use of violence (main representatives Truus Kruyt-Hogerzeil and Bart de Ligt), those who judged the use of violence in this situation acceptable (Anke van der Vlies), and the group that considered itself as Christian Bolsheviks (John William Kruyt). Their views are described and also the close connection between Kruyt as Member of Parliament (1918-1922) and the Communist Party. The different views were a main factor in the disintegration of the League that was dissolved in 1921.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Stutje, Jan Willem. "Antisemitisme onder Nederlandse socialisten in het fin de siècle." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 129, no. 3 (September 19, 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.9736.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Granadino González, Alan. "¿Gestores del capitalismo o un modelo de socialismo a seguir? La imagen de la socialdemocracia alemana en el PSOE entre 1972 y 1977 = Managers of Capitalism or a Model of Socialism to be Followed? The Image of German Social Democracy in the PSOE between 1972 and 1977." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 32 (June 23, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.32.2020.26007.

Full text
Abstract:
En este artículo se analiza la multifacética imagen que los socialistas españoles del PSOE tenían de la socialdemocracia alemana durante los años 1972-1977. Esto es, desde el año de la renovación del PSOE hasta la celebración de las primeras elecciones democráticas en España. Para ello se han analizado pormenorizadamente el periódico oficial del PSOE, «Le Socialiste / El Socialista»; la revista de orientación progresista «Cambio16» y documentos del archivo histórico del PSOE emplazados en la Fundación Pablo Iglesias. El estudio de la imagen de la socialdemocracia alemana, además de darnos información sobre este grupo, nos revela aspectos poco explorados del proceso de formación identitaria del PSOE y sobre las disputas políticas e ideológicas existentes dentro del partido.Abstract This article analyses the multifaceted image of the German social democracy held by the Spanish socialists (PSOE) during 1972-1977. This is, from the year in which PSOE was renewed to the first democratic elections in Spain. The analysis is based on PSOE’s official newspaper «Le Socialiste / El Socialista», the progressive journal «Cambio16» and documents from PSOE’s historical archive located at the Pablo Iglesias Foundation. Besides providing information about the image of the German social democracy held by the Spanish socialists, this article reveals unexplored aspects of PSOE’s process of identity formation and of the political and ideological struggles within the party.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Buiting, M. H. J. "H.C. Heering, Socialisten en justitie. Kroniek van een moeilijke relatie." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 111, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.4262.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mellink, A. F. "J.E. Burger, Linkse frontvorming. Samenwerking van revolutionaire socialisten 1914-1918." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 100, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.2643.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zavaleta Betancourt, José Alfredo. "El laberinto de Octavio." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 14 (April 3, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i14.2664.

Full text
Abstract:
Este ensayo propone una interpretación de las posiciones políticas de Octavio Paz, con el propósito de identificar su legado político. Para tal efecto, pone a discusión la idea de que Octavio Paz era un intelectual de izquierda socialista, a partir de la relectura de sus principales ensayos políticos. En esta lógica, lo conceptúa como poeta con posiciones políticas, que discursivamente defendía un tipo de socialismo democrático desde una posición nacional-revolucionaria.En la búsqueda de las reglas y estrategias discursivas utilizadas por Paz para hablar de la violencia, la izquierda, la democracia y el socialismo, es posible identificar su crítica teórica desde el campo literario, con claras intervenciones en los campos político e intelectual. Octavio Paz deseaba, evidentemente, ilustrar a la izquierda mexicana con la advertencia de lo acontecido en los regímenes socialista-burocráticos. El programa democrático de Paz, a mano para la izquierda de su tiempo y las actuales izquierdas, constituye una recuperación de la democracia liberal, un andamiaje para la sociedad mexicana, un proyecto de modernización no ensayado por el régimen priista y destruido, en su tiempo, por las burocracias socialistas del país.Palabras clave: Crítica, Izquierda, Democracia, Violencia Octavio's LabyrinthSummaryThis essay proposes an interpretation of Octavio Paz's political positions, with the purpose of identifying his political legacy. For this purpose, the idea that Octavio Paz was an intellectual of the socialist left, based on the rereading of his main political essays, is put into discussion. In this logic, he is conceptualized as a poet with political positions, who discursively defended a type of democratic socialism from a national-revolutionary position.In the search for the discursive rules and strategies used by Paz to talk about violence, the left, democracy and socialism, it is possible to identify his theoretical criticism from the literary field, with clear interventions in the political and intellectual fields. Octavio Paz, wanted, evidently, to enlighten the Mexican left with the warning of what happened in the socialist-bureaucratic regimes. Paz's democratic program, at hand for the left of his time and the current left, constitutes a recovery of liberal democracy, a scaffolding for Mexican society, a modernization project not tested by the PRI regime and destroyed, in its time, by the socialist bureaucracies of the country.Keywords: Criticism, Left, Democracy, Violence Le labyrinthe d’OctavioRésuméeCet essai propose une interprétation des positions politiques d’Octavio Paz, afin d’identifier son héritage politique. Pour ce faire, on met en discussion l’idée qu’Octavio Paz était un intellectuel de gauche socialiste, à partir de la relecture se ses principaux essais politiques. Dans cette logique, on se fait une conception de lui comme un poète d’idées et postures politiques qui défendait discursivement un type de socialisme démocratique à partir d’une position nationale-révolutionnaire.Dans la recherche des règles et stratégies discursives utilisées par Paz pour parler de la violence, la gauche, la démocratie et le socialisme, il est possible d’identifier sa critique théorique à partir du champ littéraire, avec des claires interventions dans les champs politiques et intellectuels. Octavio Paz désirait évidement, illustrer la gauche mexicaine avec l’avertissement ce qui est arrivé dans les régimes socio-bureaucratiques. Le programme démocratique de Paz, de la main de la gauche de son époque et des gauches actuelles, constitue une récupération de la démocratie libérale, une structure pour la société mexicaine, un projet de modernisation pas essayé par le régime du PRI, et détruit dans son époque par les bureaucraties socialistes du pays.Mots clés : Critique, Gauche, Démocratie, Violence
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Haijing Dai. "Community in a diverse society." International Social Work 51, no. 1 (January 2008): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807083916.

Full text
Abstract:
English In this article three different perspectives on community organization in a Western context – structural, cultural, and critical cultural approaches – are described in order to shed light on the discussion of community development in post-socialist urban China, where the decline of socialist communities has caused increasing concerns about rediscovering community attachment. French Cette étude passe en revue trois différentes perspectives sur l'organisation communautaire dans un contexte occidental – approches structurelle, culturelle et culturelle critique – et les applique pour jeter de la lumière sur la question du développement communautaire de la Chine urbaine post-socialiste où le déclin des communautés suscite des préoccupations croissantes sur la façon de redécouvrir l'attachement communautaire. Spanish En este trabajo se investigan tres perspectivas diferentes de organización comunitaria en el contexto estructural occidental, cultural y los acercamientos culturales críticos y se utilizan para iluminar la discusión del desarrollo comunitario en la china urbana post-socialista, donde la declinación de las comunidades socialistas ha generado una creciente preocupación sobre el re-descubrimiento del apego a la comunidad.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Van Velthoven, Harry. "'Amis ennemis'? Communautaire spanningen in de socialistische partij tot 1914." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 76, no. 4 (December 12, 2017): 295–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v76i4.12010.

Full text
Abstract:
In de historiografie werd het aandeel van het Vlaamse socialisme in de Vlaamse beweging lang miskend. Rond 1970 toonde onderzoek aan hoe het Vlaamse socialisme, ondanks een beperkt aantal volksvertegenwoordigers (drie in 1900 ten opzichte van 23 Waalse en 5 Brusselse) de taalwetten verdedigden. Na een frontale botsing met Waalse partijgenoten werd de taalkwestie in de unitaire Belgische Werkliedenpartij (°1885) in 1909 een vrije kwestie. Intussen vorderde het onderzoek. Dat maakte een nieuwe synthese mogelijk. Het opzet werd breder. In een eerste deel werd de partij doorgelicht als vertrekpunt naar communautaire tegenstellingen: een socialistisch reformisme en attentisme, het besluitvormingsproces, de interactie tussen centraal bestuur/federaties/ parlementsfractie, de ongelijkmatige economische ontwikkeling en de politieke vertaling ervan, het interne taalgebruik. Zoals elders vereenzelvigde de BWP zich steeds meer met het nationale vaderland. Brusselse, Vlaamse en Waalse socialisten vulden dit echter anders in.In een tweede deel staan de communautaire spanningen zelf centraal. Aanvankelijk leek het er op dat Vlamingen en Walen als Belgen taalkundig naar elkaar konden groeien. Dat veronderstelde gelijkheid en wederkerigheid. Het streefdoel werd dan ofwel een veralgemeende tweetaligheid ofwel een officiële eentaligheid van beide taalgebieden. Dat gebeurde niet. Na 1900 ging het Vlaamse socialisme tot de voorhoede van de Vlaamse beweging behoren, terwijl het Waalse socialisme de leiding van de Waalse beweging overnam. Dat was een complex proces. Voor de analyse ervan werd vertrokken van de argumenten die de Gentse leider Anseele in 1911 gebruikte om zijn afwachtend standpunt te verduidelijken: de Vlaamse kwestie als hoofd- of bijzaak, de toegenomen sterkte van de Vlaamse beweging, het beginselprogramma van de partij, het gevaar voor de eenheid van het Vlaamse socialisme én voor de eenheid van het Belgische socialisme.Wat alle partijgenoten bond, was een emotionele en rationele identificatie, gericht op de strijd voor politieke gelijkheid via het afdwingen van algemeen enkelvoudig stemrecht. Maar secundair botsten toenemende regionalismen. Het Vlaamse socialisme verscherpte de taalstrijd als aspect van de klassenstrijd tegen de francofone dominantie, die de emancipatie van de arbeiders bemoeilijkte. De eis tot ‘culturele autonomie’ (Otto Bauer!) vond ingang: zelfbeschikking over een Nederlandstalig onderwijs van laag tot hoog. Het Waalse socialisme duldde steeds minder de negatie van het programma door voortdurend aan de macht blijvende katholieke regeringen sinds 1884. Die steunden op Vlaanderen, terwijl in Wallonië een antiklerikale meerderheid van liberalen en socialisten bestond. De superioriteit van het Frans in België in vraag stellen of de kennis van het Nederlands aan Walen opleggen, werd geïnterpreteerd als een bijkomende discriminatie. Desnoods werd met bestuurlijke scheiding gedreigd. Toch werden in de partij mogelijkheden tot een vergelijk gezocht. België bestond uit twee volken met eigen culturele rechten. Breekpunt bleef hoe men wilde omgaan met ‘taalminderheden’ in beide landsgedeelten en hoe men die wilde definiëren.________‘Frenemies’? Communitarian tensions in the Socialist Party until 1914The contribution of Flemish socialism to the Flemish Movement has long been misunderstood in the historiography. Around 1970, research demonstrated how Flemish socialism, despite a limited number of representatives in parliament (three in 1900, in contrast to 23 from Wallonia and 5 from Brussels) defended the language laws. After a major clash with Walloon fellow party members, the language question became a free question within the Belgian Workers’ Party (*1885). In the meantime, the research kept advancing. This made a new synthesis possible. The framework became broader. In the first wave, the party was studied as a point of departure toward communitarian oppositions: a socialist reformism and ‘wait-andsee’ attitude, the decision-making process, the interaction between the central committee, federations, and the parliamentary group, uneven economic development and the political consequences thereof, internal language use. As elsewhere, the BWP identified more and more with the national fath-erland. Brussels, Flemish and Walloon socialists each understood this very differently.In the second wave, the communitarian tensions themselves take center stage. Originally, it seemed that Flemings and Walloons could grow toward one another linguistically as Belgians. This presupposed equality and reciprocity. The goal of struggle became either a general bilingualism or an official monolingualism for both language regions. That did not happen. After 1900, Flemish socialism belonged to the vanguard of the Flemish Movement, while Walloon socialism took over the leadership of the Walloon Movement. This was a complex process. The analysis of it took as a starting point the arguments that the Ghent leader Anseele used in 1911 in order to clarify his ‘wait-and-see’ point of view: the Flemish question as main or side question, the increasing strength of the Flemish Movement, the party manifesto, the concern for the unity of Flemish social-ism and for the unity of Belgian socialism.What bound all party members together was an emotional and rational identification with each other, built on the struggle for political equality through the demand for single universal suffrage. But growing regionalisms clashed under the surface. Flemish socialism increasingly emphasized the language struggle as an aspect of the class struggle against French-speaking domination, which hindered the emancipation of the workers. The demand for ‘cultural autonomy’ (Otto Bauer!) found purchase: self-determination of a Dutch-language education, from top to bottom. Walloon socialism grew more and more impatient of not being able to realise its program, due to the unbroken chain of Catholic governments in power since 1884. These governments found their support in Flanders, while an anticlerical majority of liberals and social-ists existed in Wallonia. Questioning the superiority of French in Belgium, or imposing the knowledge of Dutch on Walloons, was interpreted as another form of discrimination. If necessary there was the threat of administrative separation. Nevertheless, the party still looked for possibilities for compromise. Belgium consisted of two peoples, each with their own cultural rights. The sensitive point remained how one wanted to handle ‘linguistic minorities’ in both parts of the country, and how one wanted to define them.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Borrie, G. W. B. "H.M.T.M. Giebels, Katholicisme en socialisme. Het zelfbeeld van de Eindhovense christen-socialisten in het spanningsveld tussen traditie en moderniteit 1885-1920." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 111, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.4377.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Mateos, Abdón. "La refundación de la Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (ASU) durante la transición, 1977-1986 = The Refoundation of the Universitary Socialist Association during transition, 1977-1986." CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades 21, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2018.4474.

Full text
Abstract:
Resumen: En 1977 fue refundada la Agrupación Socialista Universitaria (ASU), como sección de la Federación Socialista Madrileña del PSOE. A diferencia de la primera ASU (1956-1961), los nuevos universitarios socialistas madrileños, procedentes de las clases medias trabajadoras, tuvieron un perfil ideológico socialdemócrata más que de socialismo radical. A lo largo de la primera legislatura socialista y con la crisis de la OTAN, la ASU fue perdiendo el carácter de agrupación estudiantil para incrementarse su implantación entre el profesorado y convertirse en una sección de reclutamiento de cuadros socialistas.Palabras clave: PSOE, Socialdemocracia, Universidades de Madrid, reforma universitaria, movimiento estudiantil.Abstract: In 1977, the Socialist University Association (ASU) was refounded as a section of the Socialist Federation of Madrid of the PSOE. Unlike the first ASU (1956-1961), the new Madrid socialist university students, coming from the working middle classes, had a social-democratic ideological profile rather than radical socialism. Throughout the first socialist legislature and with the crisis of NATO, ASU was losing the character of student group to increase its implementation among professors and become a recruitment section of socialist cadres.Keywords: Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Madrid Universities, University reform, student movement
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Seberechts, Frank. ""Het allegaartje dat nu bekokstoofd wordt." Jef François schrijft Leo Poppe over de oppositie rondom het Egmontpact en de ontstaansomstandigheden van het Vlaams Blok"." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 69, no. 4 (January 26, 2011): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v69i4.12347.

Full text
Abstract:
De voormalige Verdinaso-leden en collaborateurs Jef François en Leo Poppe correspondeerden in de jaren 1970 onder meer over de actualiteit van het Vlaams-nationalisme. Daarbij kwam onder meer het Egmontpact aan bod, een poging van christen-democraten, socialisten, Volksunie en Front démocratique des Francophones om tot een diepgaande staatshervorming te komen. Jef François besprak in zijn brief van 26 juni 1977 hoe zich stilaan een buitenparlementaire oppositie aftekent. Hij voorspelde de oprichting van dissidente, rechtse Vlaams-nationalistische partijen maar toonde zich ook kritisch tegenover de initiatieven van marginale groeperingen. ________"The hotchpotch that is now being concocted. "Jef François informs Leo Poppe about the oppostion against the Pact of Egmont The former members of the Verdinaso party and collaborators Jef François and Leo Poppe corresponded during the 1970's about matters including the current state of Flemish nationalism. This exchange of letters included a discussion of the Pact of Egmont, an attempt of Christian-Democrats, Socialists, Volksunie and Front démocratique des Francophones to agree to a far-reaching reform of the state. In his letter of 26 June 1977 Jef François described the gradual appearance of an extra-parliamentary opposition. He predicted the foundation of dissident right-wing Flemish nationalist parties, but was also critical about the initiatives of marginal groups.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Van Goethem, Geert. "Recensie van: Bevriende vijanden. Hoe de Belgische socialisten uit elkaar groeiden / Harry Van Velthoven." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 78, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v78i3.15776.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Van Goethem, Geert. "Recensie van: Bevriende vijanden. Hoe de Belgische socialisten uit elkaar groeiden / Harry Van Velthoven." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 78, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v78i3.15776.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Berg, J. J. van den. "P.G.C. van Schie, Tussen polarisatie en paars. De 100-jarige verhouding tussen liberalen en socialisten in Nederland." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.4658.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Maravall, José Maria. "L'IDENTITÀ DELLA SINISTRA: LE POLITICHE SOCIALDEMOCRATICHE NELL'EUROPA DEL SUD." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 22, no. 3 (December 1992): 449–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200018888.

Full text
Abstract:
IntroduzioneQuesto articolo intende discutere i programmi e le politiche realizzate dai partiti socialisti dell'Europa del Sud giunti al potere negli anni ottanta. Vi sono considerati i partiti socialisti spagnolo (PSOE), greco (PASOK), portoghese (PSP), italiano (PSI) e francese (PS). Per i primi tre, la democrazia costituiva un'esperienza recente, esito delle transizioni dall'autoritarismo della metà degli anni settanta; negli altri due casi, era stata invece ristabilita al termine del secondo conflitto mondiale. Tre dei partiti socialisti considerati – PSOE, PS e PASOK – giungevano al potere forti di maggioranze assolute al Parlamento e dopo una lunga esclusione dal potere. Al contrario, i partiti socialisti portoghese e italiano facevano parte di coalizioni, con l'eccezione, in Portogallo, di un breve periodo di governo monopartitico socialista, dalle elezioni del 1976 fino alla fine del 1977. Il PSI, inoltre, figura al governo come partner minore, sebbene Craxi sia stato primo ministro dal 1983 al 1987. L'analisi comparata delle politiche sarà quindi agéométrie variable: poiché la presenza di coalizioni rende difficile assumere il bilancio dell'azione del governo come indicativo di specifiche politiche socialiste, il lavoro discuterà i casi di Spagna, Francia e Grecia con maggior dovizia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Frieswijk, Joh. "A.J.M. Wagemakers, Buitenstaanders in actie. Socialisten en neutraal-georganiseerden in confrontatie met de gesloten Tilburgse samenleving 1888-1919." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.3634.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Deweerdt, Mark, and Rolf Falter. "Overzicht van het Belgische politiek gebeuren in 1991." Res Publica 34, no. 3-4 (December 31, 1992): 286–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v34i3-4.20321.

Full text
Abstract:
België kende in 1991 een bewogen politiek jaar. De houding van de regering in het Golfconflict veroorzaakte spanningen in de regering-Martens VIII (christendemocraten, socialisten en Volksunie) , die nog werden aangescherpt door de rel rond de aanwezigheid in het land van Walid Khaled, de woordvoerder van de terreurgroep van Aboe Nidal, waarover het doek pas eind juni viel. Tijdens de zomer stelde de regering, naar jaarlijkse gewoonte, de begroting voor het volgende jaar op. Tevens werden afspraken gemaakt over de verdere hervorming van de staat. Tot een parlementaire behandeling van de begroting en de staatshervorming is het evenwel niet gekomen. Een dispuut over de uitvoer van wapens naar het Golf gebied leidde in september tot een politieke crisis. De Volksunie verliet de regering, die kort daarop aan communautaire tegenstellingen ten onder ging. Bij de vervroegde verkiezingen van 24 november leden de aftredende regeringspartijen verlies. Pogingen om een nieuwe regering op de been te brengen, zaten eind december nog muurvast.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Alosco, Antonio. "Il percorso socialista di Gabriele D’Annunzio tra storia e letteratura." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 54, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585820909283.

Full text
Abstract:
La complessa personalità di Gabriele D’Annunzio, in una costante sincronica evoluzione della produzione letteraria con l’attivismo politico, ha attraversato un periodo – spesso dimenticato dai critici – di vicinanza alle idee socialiste. Attratto dalla vitalità e dalle idee progressiste della sinistra che rispondeva alle leggi liberticide e reazionarie di Pelloux, se ne fece influenzare sia nel periodo dell’impresa fiumana, che in una prima fase di contestazione al fascismo, appoggiando la sinistra radicale. Influssi dannunziani si ritrovano, in quel periodo, nel linguaggio adottato dall’ Avanti! e nell’apprezzamento che anche ambienti socialisti dimostrarono per l’opera letteraria del Vate. Dopo il 1906 le strade dei socialisti e di D’Annunzio si divaricarono fino a contrapporsi. D’Annunzio rilanciò le posizioni nazionalistiche e, al rientro in Italia dopo il soggiorno in Francia tra il 1904 e il 1915, condusse un’attività politica tradottasi, nelle fasi iniziali della Prima guerra mondiale, nel sostegno attivo dei movimenti interventisti, poi nella partecipazione attiva sul campo come “uomo d’arme”, e da ultimo nelle azioni postbelliche degli irredentisti. Le imprese “rivoluzionarie” del poeta affascinarono anche alcune frange del socialismo italiano e l’impresa di Fiume, realizzata in collaborazione con il socialista Alceste De Ambris, raccolse gli elogi di Lenin e produsse la Carta del Carnaro, costituzione che conteneva elementi avanzati di matrice socialista.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Bachvarova, Elitza L. "A polícia política na Bulgária socialista – A “máquina de legitimação” do regime, 1944-1989." Diálogos 22, no. 1 (July 7, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v22i1.43634.

Full text
Abstract:
Este trabalho examina o caráter, o funcionamento e as mudanças do aparelho de segurança do Estado, os "arcana imperii" socialistas, na Bulgária pré-1989. Com base na noção de ‘governança’ de Foucault e de sua formulação do ‘poder’ como sendo construtivo e repressivo ao mesmo tempo, o presente artigo analisa o braço forte do regime visto como instituição de gestão do conhecimento. A importância da vigilância para a política moderna e a dinâmica do sigilo são discutidas como sendo estruturadas por tecnologias de exclusão, obstrução e revelação. A segurança estatal é contextualizada com respeito ao objetivo revolucionário do século vinte, de forjar o novo sujeito socialista. Abstract Bulgaria’s Political Police – The Socialist Regime’s Legitimation Machine, 1994-1989 This work examines the character, functioning and changes therein of the state security apparatus, the socialist "arcana imperii," in pre-1989 Bulgaria. Building on Foucault’s notion of ‘governance’ and on his formulation of power as both productive and repressive, the paper aims to analyze the political strong arm of the regime as a knowledge management institution. The importance of surveillance for modern politics and the dynamics of secrecy are discussed as structured by technologies of exclusion, obstruction, and revelation. State security is contextualized through the perspective of the 20th century revolutionary objective to engineer the new socialist subject Resumen La Policía Política en la Bulgaria Socialista - La "Máquina de Legitimación" del Régimen, 1944-1989 Este trabajo examina el carácter, el funcionamiento y los cambios en el aparato de seguridad del Estado, los "arcana imperii" socialistas, en la Bulgaria anterior a 1989. Basándose en la noción de ‘gobernanza’ de Foucault y en su formulación del ‘poder’ como productivo y represivo al mismo tiempo, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el brazo político fuerte del régimen como una institución de gestión del conocimiento. La importancia de la vigilancia para la política moderna y la dinámica del secreto son discutidas como estructuradas por tecnologías de exclusión, obstrucción y revelación. La seguridad del Estado se contextualiza desde la perspectiva del objetivo revolucionario del siglo XX de producir el nuevo sujeto socialista
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Askew, Kelly M. "Les villages tanzaniens ujamaa 40 ans plus tard." Anthropologie et Sociétés 32, no. 1-2 (September 25, 2008): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018885ar.

Full text
Abstract:
RésuméEntre 1967 et 1977, quelque 10 millions de Tanzaniens ont été déplacés de leur terre affermée et regroupés dans des villagesujamaa(littéralement,familyhood) bâtis par suite d’une décision gouvernementale, donnant lieu ainsi à l’un des plus vastes programmes de réinstallation de l’histoire. Le président Julius Nyerere, « père » et philosophe du socialisme tanzanien, a justifié la villagisation en alléguant qu’elle permettrait d’améliorer la prestation de services de base à la population, tels que des cliniques médicales, des écoles et de l’eau potable. Or, dans la foulée de l’abandon progressif du programme et du discours socialistes au milieu des années 1980, le sort de ces villages demeure dans une large mesure inconnu. Comment les villageois évaluent-ils de nos jours la vie dans ces villages comparativement à ce qu’elle était à l’époque socialiste? Quels éléments de la coopération communale, s’il s’avère que celle‑ci a véritablement existé, ont été maintenus? Cet article fait état d’une enquête réalisée auprès de résidants d’anciens villagesujamaade la région de Mwanza. Leurs témoignages apportent certaines réponses à ces questions et sont mis en contexte dans une plus vaste analyse de la politique agricole tanzanienne sous les régimes socialiste et postsocialiste.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Fouto, Rafael Silva. "A comunidade do não-lugar: William Morris e utopias passadas e futuras." Revista Memorare 8, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/memorare.v1e12021178-191.

Full text
Abstract:
Este artigo analisa a relação de duas obras de baixa ficção científica de William Morris (1834-1896), A Dream of John Ball (1888) e News from Nowhere (1890), comparando-as com os conceitos de comunidade, imunidade, arte e revolta conforme explorados por filósofos como Jean-Luc Nancy, Roberto Esposito, Jacques Rancière e Furio Jesi. William Morris foi um socialista, designer têxtil e escritor inglês durante o período vitoriano, fundador da Socialist League na Inglaterra; os romances aqui explorados trabalham com visões oníricas de potenciais comunidades socialistas ou proto-socialistas, tanto no futuro quanto no passado, e como tais comunidades seriam aos olhos de um viajante temporal inglês do período de Morris. Com base na comparação com diversos filósofos contemporâneos, percebe-se a afinidade do autor com a perspectiva de uma comunidade que rompe com pressupostos e limites bem definidos, sendo por necessidade utópica e inspiradora.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Fouto, Rafael Silva. "A comunidade do não-lugar: William Morris e utopias passadas e futuras." Revista Memorare 8, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/memorare.v8e12021178-191.

Full text
Abstract:
Este artigo analisa a relação de duas obras de baixa ficção científica de William Morris (1834-1896), A Dream of John Ball (1888) e News from Nowhere (1890), comparando-as com os conceitos de comunidade, imunidade, arte e revolta conforme explorados por filósofos como Jean-Luc Nancy, Roberto Esposito, Jacques Rancière e Furio Jesi. William Morris foi um socialista, designer têxtil e escritor inglês durante o período vitoriano, fundador da Socialist League na Inglaterra; os romances aqui explorados trabalham com visões oníricas de potenciais comunidades socialistas ou proto-socialistas, tanto no futuro quanto no passado, e como tais comunidades seriam aos olhos de um viajante temporal inglês do período de Morris. Com base na comparação com diversos filósofos contemporâneos, percebe-se a afinidade do autor com a perspectiva de uma comunidade que rompe com pressupostos e limites bem definidos, sendo por necessidade utópica e inspiradora.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Fernández, Mª Antonia, and Juan Francisco Fuentes. "Análisis lexicométrico de El Socialista (1886-1912): un vocabulario de clase." Hispania 60, no. 206 (March 5, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hispania.2000.v60.i206.545.

Full text
Abstract:
En este artículo, se cuantifica y analiza la evolución del vocabulario de clase que utiliza el semanario «El Socialista» en los editoriales publicados a lo largo de sus primeros veinticinco años de historia. El resultado, expuesto en varios cuadros y gráficos, muestra las preferencias terminológicas de los socialistas españoles a la hora de definir y representar al sujeto social de la Revolución. En conjunto, resulta evidente el predominio del término «obrero», pero un análisis detallado a lo largo de estos años indica un cierto declive de obrero y su serie semántica y el ascenso de voces como «trabajador» y «pueblo», aunque el espectacular incremento del uso de esta última a partir de 1910 puede ser coyuntural y deberse al cambio de contenidos que registran los editoriales de «El Socialista» tras la elección de Pablo Iglesias como diputado. El artículo presenta también algunos elementos de comparación entre el vocabulario de clase del socialismo español y el que emplean, por la misma época, la revista francesa Le Socialiste y el órgano anarquista «La Idea Libre».
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Muñoz Sánchez, Antonio. "La socialdemocracia alemana y el movimiento sindical ibérico durante las transiciones a la democracia (1974-1979) = The German Social Democracy and the Iberian Trade Union Movement during the Transition to Democracy (1974-1979)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 32 (June 23, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.32.2020.26052.

Full text
Abstract:
El texto trata de la dimensión internacional de la transición sindical en Portugal y España. En concreto, analiza la contribución de la socialdemocracia alemana a la reconstrucción del movimiento sindical socialista, muy débil en ambos países al iniciarse el proceso de transición. Muestra cómo el temor a que el predominio comunista en las dos grandes centrales ibéricas, Intersindical y Comisiones Obreras, significase un factor de inestabilidad permanente en las nacientes democracias, movió a la DGB y la Fundación Ebert a implicarse masivamente en apoyo de las modestas organizaciones socialistas. El texto explora las líneas maestras de la colaboración con los cuadros sindicales del Partido Socialista portugués y con la española Unión General de Trabajadores. El autor defiende la tesis, que podrá refrendarse o refutarse cuando se permita el acceso a algunas fuentes relevantes en Madrid y Lisboa, que el apoyo alemán fue crucial para el meteórico ascenso del histórico sindicato socialista español y para la creación de homónima central portuguesa União Geral de Trabalhadores. AbstractThis paper deals with the international dimension of the trade union transition in Portugal and Spain in the 1970s. It analyzes the contribution of German social democracy to the reconstruction of the socialist labor movement, which were extremely weak in both countries at the beginning of the transitions. It shows how the fear that the communist dominance in the two great Iberian unions, Intersindical and Comisiones Obreras, meant a permanent instability factor in the nascent democracies, moved the DGB and the Ebert Foundation to massively support the modest socialist labor movement. The text explores the main lines of the cooperation with the trade union cadres of the Portuguese Socialist Party and with the Spanish Unión General de Trabajadores. The author holds the thesis, which can be endorsed or refuted when access to some relevant sources in Madrid and Lisbon is allowed, that German support was crucial for the meteoric rise of the historic Spanish socialist union and for the creation of the homonym Portuguese União Geral de Trabalhadores.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Kolodko, Grzegorz W. "Economic Change and Shortageflation Under Centrally Planned Economies." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 6, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907344460.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Obiettivo di questo scritto è l’esame delle relazioni tra riforme economiche e processi inflazionistici nei paesi socialisti.Lo sviluppo delle forze produttive richiede, anche nell’ambito di sistemi economici di tipo socialista, il rafforzamento dei sistemi tipici dell’economia di mercato, cosa che costituisce una sfida alle teorie ed anche alla pratica del socialismo. Si tratta, infatti, di vedere il ruolo degli elementi caratteristici del mercato, come le relazioni di domanda e di offerta, nell’ambito delle istituzioni economiche pianificate.È in tale contesto, quindi, che vanno considerati i processi inflazionistici attualmente in corso nei paesi socialisti, nelle loro due forme: prezzi e scarsità. È proprio quest’ultimo (shortageflation) che costituisce la caratteristica tipica di questo tipo di economia.Le riforme economiche possono essere considerate, nei paesi socialisti, come un modo per trasformare I’inflazione da scarsità in inflazione da prezzi (che, peraltro, devono comunque essere in qualche modo tenuti sotto controllo). Non vi è dubbio, tuttavia, che ancora per molti anni i processi di shortageflation continueranno a sussistere nelle economie socialiste, ostacolando i tentativi di riforma.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Kelder, J. J. "M.C. van den Toorn, Wij melden u den nieuwen tijd. Een beschouwing van het woordgebruik van de Nederlandse nationaal-socialisten." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.3991.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Soares dos Santos, Franciele, and Conceição Paludo. "A atualidade das contribuições de Moisey M. Pistrak e Viktor N. Shulgin para a pedagogia do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra." Perspectiva 33, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 1163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795x.2015v33n3p1163.

Full text
Abstract:
O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o debate sobre a atualidade da pedagogia socialista para os avanços da Pedagogia do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST), por meio da proposta de implementação do plano de estudos de Moisey M. Pistrak e da categoria do trabalho socialmente necessário, elaborada por Viktor N. Shulgin. Para a sua elaboração, foi realizado estudo bibliográfico dos autores citados, assim como das obras de Caldart e de documentos do MST. Os resultados indicam que o MST ensaia e engendra, na atualidade, estabelecendo o diálogo com os educadores russos, a possibilidade de construção de uma pedagogia pautada nos princípios da pedagogia socialista, cuja categoria central é o trabalho. Conclui-se que, ao estabelecer relações comprometidas com os sujeitos concretos, objetivar a consciência crítica da realidade e o compromisso com a luta social do Movimento, essa experiência vem alterando, além do conteúdo, o método e a forma escolar. The present contributions of Moisey Pistrak And Viktor M. N. Shulgin for the pedagogy of Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem TerraAbstractThe aim with this article is to contribute in the debate about the relevance of socialist pedagogy to advances in Pedagogy Landlees Workers Movement (MST), through the proposed implementation of Pistrak’s studies plan and of the category of necessary social labor, elaborated by Shulgin. For its elaboration was conducted bibliographic study of these authors as well as works of Caldart and of documents of the Movement. The results indicate that the Landless Movement rehearses and engenders today the possibility of constructing a pedagogy based on the principles of socialist pedagogy, whose central category is work, establishing dialogue with Russian educators. It is concluded that in establishing committed relationships with concrete subjects, and aim at critical awareness of reality and the commitment to the social movement's struggle, the experience of socialist pedagogy is changing beyond the content, the method and school form.Keywords: Pedagogy of MST. Socialist Pedagogy. Study plans. L'actualité de la contributions de Moisey M. Pistrak et Viktor N. Shulgin pour la pedagogie de Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra RésuméL'objectif avec cet article était de contribuer au débat sur la pertinence de la pédagogie socialiste aux progrès de la pédagogie du Mouvement Sans Terre (MST), avec cette proposition pour la mise Le programme de Pistrak et la catégorie de travail socialement nécessaire, élaboré par Shulgin. Pour son efficacité a été menée l'étude bibliographique de ces auteurs ainsi que des œuvres d'Caldart, et des documents du Mouvement. Les résultats indiquent que le Mouvement des Sans Terre répète et engendre aujourd'hui, établir un dialogue avec les éducateurs russes, la possibilité concrète de la construction d'une pédagogie fondée sur les principes de la pédagogie socialiste, dont la catégorie centrale est un travail. Il est conclu que, en établissant des relations engagées avec des sujets concrets, visent à la conscience critique de la réalité et de l'engagement à la lutte de mouvement social, cette expérience est en train de changer, au-delà du contenu, la méthode et la forme de l'école .Mots-clés: Pédagogie des MST. Pédagogie Socialiste. Les Plans d'Études.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Gerard, Emmanuel. "Hoe de vorming van een Vlaams en rechts front mislukte. De geschiedenis van de Concentratie in 1936." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 338–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v75i4.12043.

Full text
Abstract:
In de tweede helft van 1936 beleefde België een periode van politieke destabilisering. Dat was het gevolg van de verkiezingen van 24 mei die een nederlaag betekenden voor de katholieke partij en een overwinning voor Rex van Léon Degrelle, die dictatoriale ambities koesterde en steun vond bij Hitler en Mussolini. Ook het Vlaams Nationaal Verbond, dat eveneens in fascistische richting was geëvolueerd, en de communisten boekten winst. De socialisten waren nu de grootste partij, maar accepteerden een regering van nationale unie met katholieken en liberalen onder de technocraat Paul Van Zeeland. Die regering kwam onmiddellijk onder vuur te liggen van links en rechts en werd geconfronteerd met afvalligheid in eigen rangen. Het nationaalsocialisme in Duitsland, het linkse Volksfront in Frankrijk en de burgeroorlog in Spanje vormden het referentiekader voor een periode van sterke polarisatie en felle agitatie, waarin partijen en politici streefden naar een herschikking, een “concentratie” van politieke krachten. Rechtse politici probeerden de regering omver te werpen en een coalitie zonder socialisten (die zij beschouwden als cryptocommunisten) op de been te brengen. Sommige katholieken probeerden de politieke eendracht onder geloofsgenoten te herstellen door een vorm van samenwerking met Rex en VNV, en nog andere katholieken probeerden met de Vlaams-nationalisten in Vlaanderen een Vlaamse Concentratie tot stand te brengen. De bakens werden verzet toen Rex en VNV op 6 oktober een alliantie sloten en daarmee een krachtig oppositiefront vormden. Op 25 oktober verijdelde de regering-Van Zeeland een rexistische “mars op Brussel”. Om dit nieuwe front de wind uit de zeilen te halen probeerden de Vlaamse katholieken, die zich hergroepeerden in de Katholieke Vlaamse Volkspartij, alsnog samenwerking te realiseren met de Vlaams-nationalisten. Dat leidde op 8 december 1936 tot het akkoord KVV-VNV, dat evenwel meteen van beide kanten werd gedesavoueerd. De tegenstelling tussen aanhangers van de bestaande orde en van de nieuwe orde, tussen voorstanders en tegenstanders van de regering, was te groot. De christendemocratische strekking in de katholieke partij haalde de bovenhand toen de bisschoppen op het einde van 1936 in een publieke brief niet alleen het communisme, maar ook alle strevingen naar een rechtse dictatuur veroordeelden. De destabilisering van de Belgische politiek verdween pas na de nederlaag van Degrelle in zijn verkiezingsduel met premier Van Zeeland op 11 april 1937. De democratiekritiek die de beweging naar “concentratie” ondersteunde bleef echter voortleven.________The unsuccesful formatiob of a Flemish and right-wing front. The history of the 1936 concentrationBelgium experienced a period of political destabilization in the second half of 1936. That was the result of the 24 May elections, the defeat of the catholic party and the victory of Rex, a movement led by Léon Degrelle, who had dictatorial ambitions and would soon be supported by Hitler and Mussolini. The Flemish Nationalists (VNV), also oriented towards fascism, and the Communists had made progress too. The socialists, who ended up being the largest party, accepted a cabinet of national union with the Catholics and the liberals under the leadership of a technocrat, Paul Van Zeeland. The Van Zeeland cabinet immediately came under fire from left and right and was confronted with deserters in its own ranks. National Socialism in Germany, the Front populaire in France and the civil war in Spain formed the horizon for a period of strong polarization and agitation in which politicians and parties aimed at redesigning political forces, “concentration” being the keyword. Politicians from the right attempted to establish a cabinet without socialists whom they considered crypto communists. Catholics tried to restore political union among the faithful through forms of cooperation with Rex and VNV, and some among them tried to install a “Flemish Concentration” through collaboration with the Flemish Nationalists. A decisive fact occurred on 0ctober 6 when Rex and VNV formed an alliance creating a strong opposition front. On October 25 the government foiled a rexist mass rally in Brussels. To regain control Flemish Catholics, who regrouped in the Katholieke Vlaamse Volkspartij (KVV), attempted to realize a form of collaboration with the Flemish Nationalists. It resulted in the December 8 KVV-VNV agreement, which was, however, immediately denounced from both sides. The antagonism between supporters of the existing order and those of a new order, between the partisans of the government and its opponents, was too strong. The Christian democrats in the catholic party finally gained the upper hand when the Belgian bishops, at the end of December 1936, issued a pastoral letter not only condemning communism but also a dictatorship of the right. The destabilization of Belgian politics disappeared after the defeat of Degrelle in his electoral duel with Prime Minister Van Zeeland on April 11, 1937. However, the fundamental criticism of democracy underlying the “concentration” movement did not.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Dion, Michel. "La théologie/philosophie féministe de Mary Daly et le socialisme religieux de Paul Tillich." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989602500401.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans le socialisme religieux de Paul Tillich, nous retrouvons le principe de libération (principe socialiste) et le principe de salut (attente socialiste). Dans cet article, il sera question des points de convergence entre ces deux principes tillichiens et la théologie féministe de Mary Daly qui a, par ailleurs, subi l'influence des écrits de la période américaine de Paul Tillich. Quant au principe socialiste chez Tillich, Mary Daly en exprime une version féministe, pour le moins transformée en parlant de l'intégrité originelle des femmes, de la race originelle des femmes (pouvoir de l'origine) les attitudes antiidéologique, anti-idolâtrique et anti-démonique, si importantes dans le socialisme religieux de Tillich se retrouvent également dans la théologie féministe de Daly, tout comme d'ailleurs le rejet de la croyance bourgeoise en l'harmonie automatique, mais avec des contenus passablement différents et directement orientés vers la libération des femmes. Aussi, le concept de sororité vient ajouter des dimensions absentes dans celui d'attente socialiste chez Tillich.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Kostiuk, Rouslan. "Left socialists in contemporary Latin America: ideology and politics." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 10 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0016572-8.

Full text
Abstract:
This scientific article is devoted to the phenomenon of left-wing socialists in modern Latin America. The article shows the continuity of the left-wing socialist ideology and at the same time highlights the elements of its novelty. The author turns to plots related to the historical aspects of the activities of radical socialists in Latin America. The author examines the various forms of organized activities of radical socialists, pointing as examples of the functioning of the independent left-wings socialist parties ant the participation of left socialists in Latin American countries in broader political projects. An important place is given to the consideration of the left socialist proposals for politico-institutional and socio-economic areas. Here analysis confirms that today the radical socialists continue to be in the political area between the radical left and social reformism. The author comes to the conclusion that the left socialists actively advocate strengthening the unity of the left forces both in Latin America as a whole and at the national level.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Costa, Ettore. "From East-West Balancing to Militant Anti-Communism." Journal of Cold War Studies 24, no. 2 (2022): 95–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01044.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The journal known as Socialist World—the short-lived publication of the Committee of the International Socialist Conference—is instructive for what it reveals about European Social Democracy at the beginning of the Cold War and about the problems of internationalism among Socialists. At first, the journal served to mediate between West European anti-Communist Socialists and the Communists in Eastern Europe. The Socialists tried to reach a common understanding of world affairs through a dialogue across borders, but divergent ideas and the impact of international events tore this cohabitation apart. After the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, Socialist World became an instrument of anti-Communist propaganda. The articles in the journal also reveal the interests, concerns, and opinions of Socialists during the early Cold War regarding bipolar confrontation, planning, European integration, and colonialism. The journal was too public to allow frank discussion and too overburdened with rules to focus on topics of greater interest. Socialist parties that aspired to gain election in their countries wanted to protect their respectability—a concern made more urgent by the Cold War.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Poulin, Richard. "Des revues engagées : Cahiers du socialisme, Critiques socialistes et Nouveaux Cahiers du socialisme." Bulletin d'histoire politique 19, no. 2 (2011): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054900ar.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Morozova, Tatyana I., and Vladimir I. Shishkin. "“…Into the fighting ranks of the Revolutionary Communist Party”: Admission of Former Socialists to the RSDLP(b) – RCP(b) (1917-1924)." History 19, no. 8 (2020): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-8-79-91.

Full text
Abstract:
The article analyzes one of the problems of inter-party interaction in Russia in 1917–1924, which was not studies either intentionally or occasionally by Russian or foreign scholars. The subject of the research is the admission of socialists, who quit other parties, to the RSDLP(b) - RCP(b): more specifically who resigned the membership of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (of Internationalists), Mensheviks, Right and Left wings of Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, Socialist-Revolutionaries-autonomists, Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists, Party of Revolutionary Communism, anarchists and so on. Based on the wide range of published materials, including data from the central and local periodicals, as well as unique archival sources that were added to the ever-growing aggregate of scientific knowledge for the first time, the article investigate, when, how and on what conditions former members of socialist parties (so-called “vykhodets”) were accepted for the RSDLP(b) – RCP(b) membership. The authors conclude that during 1917-1924 the conditions of admitting to Bolshevik Party changed crucially. At different moments, the Communist leadership solved different problems allowing former socialists to join the Bolshevik ranks. In 1917-1919 the admission of former socialists was initiated in order to rise the number of members of the RSDLP(b) - RCP(b), and the target audience mainly consisted of revolutionaries who had extensive experience in party and social work. After the October Revolution in 1917, the entering former members of the other parties to the Bolshevik party was considered as a tool of splitting and fragmentation of socialist parties and groups that were opponents and / or competitor for the Bolsheviks. Since the end of 1919, the admission of socialists to the RCP(b) had been gradually lost its significance as a source of recruiting and transformed mainly into an instrument for the destruction of the Mensheviks and Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, as well as a mechanism for the adoption and incorporation of small groups with socialist and communist orientation. Since 1921, the admission of former socialists to the RCP(b) actually ceased to play the role into the process of increasing membership, but became one of the most important implement of degrading and defeating the Mensheviks and Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries. From the beginning of 1924, it was used exclusively as a factor of discrediting the socialists.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Putyatina, Irina S. "Todorova M. The Lost World of Socialists at Europe’s Margins: Imagining Utopia, 1870s – 1920s. London; New York: Bloomsbury, 2020. 384 p. ISBN 978-1-3501-5033-1." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 16, no. 3-4 (2021): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2021.16.3-4.13.

Full text
Abstract:
This monograph by Maria Todorova discusses the establishment and mutual acceptance of the international socialist movement in Bulgarian social democracy. The main features of the socialist movement in Bulgaria are highlighted and the penetration of socialist ideas into the socio-political environment of the country is presented. The attitude of the Bulgarian socialists to the national question and the issues of war and peace during the Balkan Wars and the First World War are considered. Bulgarian socialists are presented as consistent internationalists and pacifists who did not change their positions even under the influence of the outbreak of the First World War. The problem of the imitativeness of Bulgarian socialism is analyzed as an integral part of the issue of Russian or Western European influence upon Bulgaria. Despite the fact that Todorova does not deny the prevalence and cultural influence of the ideas of Russian populism in Bulgaria, she comes to the conclusion that both Western European and national historiography tend to exaggerate the Russian influence on the formation of the Bulgarian socialist tradition. Features of the two political generations identified by Todorova that operated in Bulgaria during the period under consideration are presented and the typical places of education of Bulgarian socialists are revealed. Analyzing a large volume of historical sources, the author uses the biographical method to acquaint readers with numerous socialists forgotten or bypassed by the national communist historiography. Considering the individual experience of socialists, Todorova demonstrates the various paths that led people to this political camp. Attention is paid to the women's socialist movement in Bulgaria and the history of women's participation in the social and political life of the country.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Sukhobokova, Olha. "The Attempt of Ukrainian Socialists to Create the United National Front in Emigration in the First Half of the 1920s." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, no. 48 (December 15, 2018): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.48.88-94.

Full text
Abstract:
The article is devoted to coverage the discussion of the Ukrainian socialists on the creation of a united national front іn emigration in the first half of the 1920's. The initiators of the association were the Prague group of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries and V.Vynnychenko. The Ukrainian Socialists Democrat’s foreign group and other Ukrainian socialist parties were involved in cooperation. The article analyzes the concepts of the united national front of the initiators of the association – V.Vynnychenko, M.Shapoval and N. Hryhoriev, as well as attempts by the Ukrainian socialist revolutionaries to consolidate the socialist and democratic forces of Ukrainian political emigration. The most successful was the cooperation of Ukrainian socialists in Ukrainian civil committee in the Czechoslovakia, which helped Ukrainian refugees, and the Ukrainian magazine «New Ukraine». But the creation of a political association at that time failed. However, the attempt to consolidate had powerful social and cultural implications and cooperation experience. Keywords: the united national front on emigration, the Prague group of the UPSR, V. Vynnychenko, M. Shapoval, N. Hryhoriev
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

MULHOLLAND, MARC. "‘MARXISTS OF STRICT OBSERVANCE’? THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL DEFENCE, AND THE QUESTION OF WAR." Historical Journal 58, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 615–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000454.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIn August 1914, as war broke out, socialist parties across Europe offered support to their own governments. The Socialist International was shattered. This rush to defencism has traditionally been seen as a volte face in which the International's frequent protestations in favour of peace and international working-class solidarity were suddenly abandoned. The collapse has been variously ascribed to socialist helplessness, betrayal, or ideological incoherence. This article examines the International's attitudes to war and peace as developed and espoused in the decades before 1914, and finds that the decisions of the constituent socialist parties in 1914 were understandable within this context. Socialists were not abandoning past ideals, but attempting to put them into practice. The circumstances of modern war, however, made traditional distinctions – between aggressor and defensive belligerents, and between ‘progressive’ and ‘reactionary’ nations – difficult to maintain. For some socialists, this meant that socialists of every country had a certain justification in rallying to their nation's defence. For Lenin and the Bolsheviks, however, if no capitalist country could be considered innocent, then all must be guilty.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Gabrielli, Patrizia. "Gli uomini servono le donne a tavola. Rappresentazioni di genere nell’emigrazione antifascista italiana in URSS = Men waiting on women’s tables: Gender representation in antifascist emigration in the USSR." REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 31 (September 23, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2019.4874.

Full text
Abstract:
Sinopsi: A ridosso del 1917 per molte socialiste e successivamente per le comuniste, Il Paese dei Soviet si afferma quale modello politico da imitare anche per quanto concerne la parità di genere. Un ruolo che l’Urss mantiene ben saldo esercitando, anche sotto questo profilo, un indubbio fascino sull’emigrazione femminile antifascista. Partendo da queste premesse, il saggio si articola in due parti.Il primo e il secondo paragrafo delineano le principali coordinate del dibattito sull’emancipazione, si soffermano sui caratteri del nuovo modelo femminile e sulla fondazione di una nuova tradizione femminista che trova nel simbolo dell’8 marzo la propria legittimazione. Il terzo parágrafo si concentra, invece, sulla circolazione e l’assimilazione del modello femminile sovietico da parte delle militanti. Le lettere dall’Urss, in special modo, confermano una fedele adesione all’immagine della donna nuova che si riflette sull’autorappresentazione delle militanti, le quali spesso ancora ignare delle condanne subite negli anni del Terrore staliniano, informano entusiaste familiari e amici sulle opportunità e sulla autonomia acquisita. L’esperienza migratoria ebbe però in molti casi risvolti tragici e molte militanti finirono nella fitta rete della repressione staliniana.Parole chiave: mito soviético, stampa femminile socialista e comunista, emancipazione femminile, emigrazione femminile antifascista, lettere.Summary: Just prior to 1917, for many socialists and later for the communists, The Soviet Country was a political role model to be emulated, even in terms of gender equality. Not only did the USSR continue resolutely to exercise this role, but it also harboured an undoubted fascination on women’s antifascist emigration.Starting from these premises, this essay is divided into two parts. It starts by articulating the main topics of the debate on emancipation. This focuses on the features of the new women’s status and the constitution of a new feminist tradition that finds its legitimacy in the symbol of 8 March. It then moves to focus on the spread and the assimilation of the Soviet women’s model among activists. In particular, letters coming from the USSR confirm a faithful adherence to the image of the new woman which is reflected on the self-representation of militants. Communist and socialist women, who were often unaware of the sentences suffered during the years of Stalinist Terror, enthusiastically inform relatives and friends about the opportunities and independence acquired. In many cases, however, migration led to tragic consequences, and several militants were victims of the Stalinist repression.Key words: Soviet myth, Socialist and Communist women’s Press, women’s emancipation, women’s antifascist Emigration, letters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Heywood, Paul. "Spain: 10 June 1987." Government and Opposition 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1988.tb00063.x.

Full text
Abstract:
ON 22 JUNE 1986, THE PARTIDO SOCIALISTA OBRERO ESPAÑOL (PSOE) achieved a remarkable triumph in the Spanish general elections. Hard on the heels of his success in the highly controversial and close-run referendum on Spain's NATO membership, the Prime Minister, Felipe González, managed to consolidate the PSOE's hold on political power by winning an absolute majority in both the Cortes and the Senate. At the age of 44, with his ability to confound the sceptics seemingly still intact, González appeared to be the most firmly ensconced head of government in Western Europe. Moreover, to underline the magnitude of his achievement, the Socialist leader had reached this position against the prevailing trend of a resurgent Right evident in much of the rest of Europe. Whereas the PSOE's counterparts in Britain, Germany, France and Portugal had suffered a series of demoralizing electoral defeats throughout the 1980s, the Spanish Socialists, with overwhelming successes in 1982 and 1986, seemed set fair to remain in power until the next century.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Mateos, Abdón. "El socialismo español ante el cambio político posfranquista: apoyo internacional y federalización." Historia Contemporánea 1, no. 54 (April 11, 2017): 311–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/hc.17586.

Full text
Abstract:
Hasta las primeras elecciones democráticas en junio de 1977, un núcleo supercentralizado, compuesto básicamente por socialistas andaluces y vascos, con el apoyo de cuadros de la segunda generación del exilio, lograría reconstituir federaciones del PSOE y de UGT en la mayor parte de las provincias españolas. Pocos años después, lograría culminar la unidad socialista, con congresos refundacionales en el caso de Cataluña y de USO, o mediante la absorción de fracciones de otras formaciones socialistas y socialdemócratas de ámbito nacional o regional. Con el logro de la unidad socialista, la construcción del “partido de la transición” recibió un decisivo impulso, aunque la federalización del PSOE se demoraría hasta la década de los años ochenta, a la par que se construía el Estado de las Autonomías.El apoyo de los partidos y sindicatos socialistas europeos, sobre todo los que estaban en el gobierno, tuvo un peso notable en el realce de la imagen socialista. Sin embargo, resultan exageradas las visiones que minimizan el número de militantes en el momento de la muerte de Franco y que basan toda su interpretación en el apoyo político y económico de la socialdemocracia alemana. El apoyo de los alemanes, junto a la presión diplomática de los laboristas británicos y de otros gobernantes socialistas europeos, sí jugó un papel muy relevante hasta las primeras elecciones. Sin embargo, la influencia logística e ideológica de los socialistas franceses durante el tardofranquismo y de los intelectuales italianos a partir de las elecciones de 1977 fue más notable que la de los germanos o los británicos.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Granadino, Alan. "Possibilities and Limits of Southern European Socialism in the Iberian Peninsula: French, Portuguese and Spanish Socialists in the mid-1970s." Contemporary European History 28, no. 3 (August 2019): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000067.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis article discusses the relations between the French, Portuguese and Spanish socialist parties during the transitions to democracy in the Iberian Peninsula (1974–7). It focuses on the attempt of these parties to establish a distinctive ideological trend, Southern European socialism. The main argument is that the French socialists attempted to promote their ideological line – and predominantly the union between socialists and communists – in the Iberian Peninsula during the transitions to democracy. The Portuguese Socialist Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers Party initially considered following this line. However, the radicalisation of the Portuguese revolution in the sensitive context of Cold War détente, as well as the involvement of the European social democrats in both Portugal and Spain against the union of the left, prevented this model from being further considered by the Spanish and Portuguese socialist parties. Nevertheless, all these parties showed interest in promoting a common Southern European Socialist identity that differed from European social democracy as well as from Soviet communism, considering it useful in the struggle for hegemony within the left.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Manor, Udi. "Socialists in name only? Socialist–Zionist wartime progressivism." Israel Affairs 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 318–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2019.1577044.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Cépède, Frédéric. "L'Office universitaire de recherche socialiste (OURS), 45 ans d'histoire (et) d'archives socialistes." Histoire@Politique 24, no. 3 (2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hp.024.0163.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Silverberg, Laura. "Between Dissonance and Dissidence: Socialist Modernism in the German Democratic Republic." Journal of Musicology 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 44–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2009.26.1.44.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Both communist party officials and western observers have typically interpreted the composition of modernist music in the Eastern Bloc as an act of dissidence. Yet in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the most consequential arguments in favor of modernism came from socialists and party members. Their advocacy of modernism challenged official socialist realist doctrine, but they shared with party bureaucrats the conviction that music ought to contribute to the development of socialist society. Such efforts to reform musical life from a Marxist-Leninist standpoint were typical of the first generation of East Germany's intelligentsia, who saw socialist rule as the only guarantee against the reemergence of German fascism. Two of East Germany's most prominent composers, Hanns Eisler and Paul Dessau, routinely used the twelve-tone method in works carrying an explicitly socialist text. During preparations for the 1964 Music Congress, aesthetician Güünter Mayer drew from Eisler's Lenin Requiem and Dessau's Appell der Arbeiterklasse to argue that modernist techniques were highly appropriate for giving expression to contemporary social conditions. The efforts of these socialists to reconcile modernist techniques with their understanding of socialism undermine basic divisions between communism and capitalism, complicity and dissent, and socialist realism and western modernism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Marchand, Pascal. "Gestion socialiste et problèmes environnementaux / Socialist Management and Environmental Problems." Revue de géographie de Lyon 67, no. 4 (1992): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geoca.1992.5828.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Fuentes-Ramírez, Ricardo R. "The Updating of the Cuban Model: Precursor Socialism and Cooperativism." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 6 (March 17, 2017): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17699904.

Full text
Abstract:
Cuba can best be conceptualized as a precursor socialist social formation that has not necessarily begun a transition to capitalism. A case study of nonagricultural cooperatives demonstrates that the current reform process in Cuba has included features that could be foundational with respect to a new socialist formation characterized by participatory planning. Idealmente, Cuba se puede conceptualizar como una formación socialista precursora que no ha comenzado necesariamente una transición al capitalismo. Un estudio de caso de las cooperativas no-agropecuarias demuestra que el actual proceso de reforma en Cuba abarca características que podrían ser fundamentales a una nueva formación socialista caracterizada por la planificación participativa.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Stan, Sabina. "De la nostalgie à l’abjection." Ethnologies 27, no. 2 (February 23, 2007): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014042ar.

Full text
Abstract:
Cet article se penche sur les visions positives du socialisme qui ont circulé en Roumanie après la chute du régime socialiste, en proposant de les aborder dans une perspective qui rende compte de leur capacité heuristique et de leur inscription dans des processus sociaux. En partant du discours développé par les cadres agricoles, l’auteure met en évidence la manière dont la mémoire du socialisme s’enracine dans l’expérience concrète des acteurs et la façon dont elle se constitue comme un commentaire des transformations sociales et économiques postsocialistes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Hayek, Friedrich August von. "O Cálculo Socialista II:." MISES: Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, Law and Economics 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30800/mises.2016.v4.823.

Full text
Abstract:
Neste segundo artigo sobre o problema do cálculo socialista, o autor analisa propostas socialistas alternativas que participaram dos debates em torno do assunto. Em particular, o autor apresenta e discute as propostas de abolir a propriedade privada e manter a propriedade estatal dos meios de produção, porém preservando a competição. Conclui-se que preservar a competição em um arcabouço socialista necessariamente leva ao desperdício e a prejuízos consideráveis na produtividade.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography