Academic literature on the topic 'Socially complex resources'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Socially complex resources.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Potrashkova, Liudmyla. "DYNAMIC MODEL OF A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ENTERPRISE POTENTIAL." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.245.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Socially responsible measures, which are implemented by the enterprise, launch a complex chain of cause and effect links in the resource system of the enterprise. Therefore, to analyse the impact of such measures on the dynamics of enterprise resources, as well as to address the task of assessing the potential of a socially responsible enterprise, it is necessary to use dynamic models that will describe the specified chain of causal relationships. Purpose. The article aims to construct a model of the dynamics of characteristics of the resources of a socially responsible enterprise in the form of a system of differential equations, as well as to determine the possibility of using such a model for solving the task of assessing the potential of the enterprise. Result. In order to achieve this goal, a system of differential equations is developed. This system describes the dynamics of the characteristics of the resources of an environmentally responsible enterprise, which carries out projects to improve the ecological characteristics of its products and processes. An important feature of the proposed model is that it takes into account the causal chain of the impact of environmental measures on the dynamics of enterprise resources. On the one hand, environmental projects divert funds from projects to increase production capacity. On the other hand, due to the ecological responsibility of consumers, environmental projects positively influence the amount of specific profit per unit of production of the enterprise. Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed model for various variants of the values of controlled parameters allows us to find the set of Pareto-optimal values of the vector of the result indicators of the enterprise's activity. This set is a result of the evaluation of the potential of the analysed enterprise. The inclusion in the proposed model of the cause-effect chain of the impact of environmental measures on the dynamics of resources increases the accuracy of the assessment of the potential of a socially responsible enterprise.
2
Zeimers, Géraldine, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Thierry Zintz, and Annick Willem. "Examining Collaboration Among Nonprofit Organizations for Social Responsibility Programs." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 48, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 953–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019837616.
Full textAbstract:
Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) increasingly implement socially responsible programs to address their responsibilities toward society. Although collaborations are a valuable means to tackle complex social issues, NPOs also similarly collaborate with other NPOs for delivering socially responsible programs. However, the motivations driving NPOs to collaborate with likeminded organizations for socially responsible programs remain unclear. Using a single embedded in-depth case study research design, our purpose is to examine the formation of collaborations among sport federations and sport clubs for socially responsible programs. Reflecting the interplay between resource-based view and institutional perspectives, our findings intrinsically indicate that partners demonstrate similarity in their motivations to collaborate due to their organizational fit, but with some key differences in the complementary resources they seek. Organizational legitimacy and resource exchange needs for socially responsible programs are driving the collaboration rather than organizational survival needs. The potential to create social value makes this nonprofit collaboration form unique.
3
Schultze, Carol A., Jennifer A. Huff, Thilo Rehren, and Abigail R. Levine. "The Emergence of Complex Silver Metallurgy in the Americas: A Case Study from the Lake Titicaca Basin of Southern Peru." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, no. 1 (February 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000517.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the emergence of silver metallurgy some two millennia ago in the south central Andes. It is argued that the availability of multiple abundant resources and a high population density were instrumental in the development of this complex technology. The potential for such resource-rich environments to stimulate and sustain innovation is briefly discussed, particularly for prestige goods in societies engaged in socially competitive networks. The Puno Bay area of Lake Titicaca and its hinterland is shown to be one such resource-rich region, which may have contributed to its role in developing a complex and labour-intensive silver metallurgy as part of a larger mining-metallurgical landscape.
4
Razali, Salmi, Maggie Kirkman, and Jane Fisher. "Research on a Socially, Ethically, and Legally Complex Phenomenon: Women Convicted of Filicide in Malaysia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i2.337.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about filicide from the perspective of women convicted of the offence. The lack of research is partly attributable to the many difficulties entailed in researching socially marginalised and incarcerated people. Research on filicide engages with socially, culturally, and politically sensitive matters, including gendered social structures and behaviours, legal and ethical complexity, emotionally arousing topics, a rare phenomenon, and hard-to-reach participants. In countries where there is poor surveillance, limited local information, and few resources or experts in filicide, researchers must find innovative ways of overcoming these problems. Here we describe the particular challenges in conducting research on women convicted of filicide in Malaysia, a predominantly Muslim country, when the researchers are based at an Australian university. The persistence, resilience, and creativity required to overcome each problem were justified by the achievement of research that contributes to knowledge and has implications for change in policy and practice.
5
Ashby, Alison. "Developing closed loop supply chains for environmental sustainability." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2016-0175.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeForward and reverse supply chains form a “closed loop” when managed in a coordinated way and this “cradle to cradle” responsibility has strong relevance to addressing environmental sustainability in global supply chains. The extensive outsourcing of manufacturing has created highly fragmented supply chains, which is strongly evidenced within the UK clothing industry, and it presents major environmental challenges, particularly around waste and resource use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) can be successfully developed to address environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe natural resource-based view (NRBV) acknowledges the importance of a firm’s tangible and intangible resources, as well as socially complex relationships, and provides three path-dependent strategies for achieving environmentally based competitive advantage. Via an in-depth case study of the UK-based clothing firm, the NRBV is employed as a framework for understanding the processes that a focal firm needs to engage in to develop a CLSC, and the contribution that is made by its resources and supplier relationships.FindingsThe findings illustrate the key importance of strategic resources and shared vision and principles between the focal firm and its suppliers, in order to progress from a more reactive pollution prevention strategy to a fully embedded CLSC response to environmental sustainability. The case study highlights the need to extend the current CLSC model to integrate the design function and end customer; the design function ensures that appropriate environmental practices can be implemented, and customers represent a key stakeholder as they enable the reverse flows required to maximise value and minimise waste.Originality/valueThe NRBV and its three path-dependent strategies are an established framework for understanding environmentally based competitive advantage, but has not previously been explicitly employed to investigate CLSCs. This research, therefore, provides valuable insight into the applicability of this model in the supply chain field, and the key role of tangible and intangible resources and socially complex supplier relationships in developing and achieving a CLSC.
6
Harris, Celia B., Amanda J. Barnier, John Sutton, and Paul G. Keil. "Couples as socially distributed cognitive systems: Remembering in everyday social and material contexts." Memory Studies 7, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014530619.
Full textAbstract:
In everyday life remembering occurs within social contexts, and theories from a number of disciplines predict cognitive and social benefits of shared remembering. Recent debates have revolved around the possibility that cognition can be distributed across individuals and material resources, as well as across groups of individuals. We review evidence from a maturing program of empirical research in which we adopted the lens of distributed cognition to gain new insights into the ways that remembering might be shared in groups. Across four studies, we examined shared remembering in intimate couples. We studied their collaboration on more simple memory tasks as well as their conversations about shared past experiences. We also asked them about their everyday memory compensation strategies in order to investigate the complex ways that couples may coordinate their material and interpersonal resources. We discuss our research in terms of the costs and benefits of shared remembering, features of the group and features of the remembering task that influence the outcomes of shared remembering, the cognitive and interpersonal functions of shared remembering, and the interaction between social and material resources. More broadly, this interdisciplinary research program suggests the potential for empirical psychology research to contribute to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions of distributed cognition.
7
Mazur, Karolina. "Isolating mechanisms as sustainability factors of resource-based competitive advantage." Management 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0053.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Isolating mechanisms as sustainability factors of resource-based competitive advantage Strategic resources which fulfill conditions of VRIN generate extraordinary profits for organizations. The possibility of these long-term profits (rents) to achieve can be protected by isolating mechanisms. These mechanisms can be different but the most important are causal ambiguity, lead time, path dependency, the role of history, socially complex links and the time compression diseconomies. These mechanism can be WIM and AIM type (based on willingness or ability). They can be also analyzed on individual, organizational or social levels. The article presents the case study which supports available systems of mechanism categorization.
8
Drumwright, Minette E. "Socially Responsible Organizational Buying: Environmental Concern as a Noneconomic Buying Criterion." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 3 (July 1994): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800301.
Full textAbstract:
The greening of corporate America has added a new and different type of criterion to some organizational buying decisions—social responsibility. Scholars have given little attention to such noneconomic buying criteria. On the basis of a study of 35 buying processes in ten organizations and an in-depth examination of 21 of those processes, the author addresses how and why socially responsible buying comes about in organizations. The findings suggest that two factors have been key to the success of socially responsible buying initiatives. One factor is the presence of a skillful policy entrepreneur. Policy entrepreneurs are found to have many of the same characteristics as business entrepreneurs, but invest their resources in instituting new organizational policies. Their zeal for socially responsible buying is rooted in a commitment based on a complex and often difficult process of moral reasoning. The second factor influencing the success of socially responsible buying is the organizational context within which policy entrepreneurs operate. The author differentiates organizational contexts on the basis of whether the socially responsible buying is part of a deliberate corporate strategy and further classifies them through a framework and identifies themes observed across the contexts. Guidance is offered for vendors marketing socially responsible products and services.
9
Foran, Tira, David Penton, Tarek Ketelsen, Emily Barbour, Nicola Grigg, Maheswor Shrestha, Louis Lebel, Hemant Ojha, Auro Almeida, and Neil Lazarow. "Planning in Democratizing River Basins: The Case for a Co-Productive Model of Decision Making." Water 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122480.
Full textAbstract:
We reflect on methodologies to support integrated river basin planning for the Ayeyarwady Basin in Myanmar, and the Kamala Basin in Nepal, to which we contributed from 2017 to 2019. The principles of Integrated Water Resources Management have been promoted across states and regions with markedly different biophysical and political economic conditions. IWRM-based river basin planning is complex, resource intensive, and aspirational. It deserves scrutiny to improve process and outcome legitimacy. We focus on the value of co-production and deliberation in IWRM. Among our findings: (i) multi-stakeholder participation can be complicated by competition between actors for resources and legitimacy; (ii) despite such challenges, multi-stakeholder deliberative approaches can empower actors and can be an effective means for co-producing knowledge; (iii) tensions between (rational choice and co-productive) models of decision complicate participatory deliberative planning. Our experience suggests that a commitment to co-productive decision-making fosters socially legitimate IWRM outcomes.
10
Potgieter, A., K. A. April, R. J. E. Cooke, and M. Lockett. "Adaptive Bayesian agents: Enabling distributed social networks." South African Journal of Business Management 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v37i1.597.
Full textAbstract:
This article brings together two views of organisations: resource-based theories (RBT) and social network analysis (SNA). Resource-based theories stress the importance of tangible assets, as well as less tangible ones, in the competitive advantage and success of organisations. However, they provide little insight into how resources are brought together by an organisation to generate core competencies that provide a source of differentiation that cannot easily be reproduced or substituted. In contrast SNA provides insight into the complexity of organisations and the interaction between the people within them, taking account of uncertainty and complexity. However, neither perspective gives significant insight into how organisations evolve over time, and how their competitive position is sustained or eroded.Our view is that integrating these two perspectives gives deeper insight into the basis of competitive advantage, and how it can evolve over time. ‘Complementary resource combinations’ (CRCs), bundles of related resources, can provide a basis for differentiation but only when these are embedded in a complex web of social interactions specific to the organisation. The ‘socially-complex resource combinations’ (SRCs) enable competitive advantage that is not readily reproduced or substituted, and which evolves over time in an uncertain and complex way. They are the basis of distinctive organisational competencies that enable the organisation to be a player in the marketplace, and in some cases to sustain competitive advantage. To understand how competitive advantage can be sustained, it is necessary to understand how these SRCs evolve over time, based on the interactions in social networks. To do this, we use Bayesian networks and topic maps, making hidden social relationships tangible. We use dynamic agents to observe local and global behaviours to model the SRCs. In this, we use the concept of ‘agencies’ that are networks of individual agents and which can solve problems and adapt in ways that are too complex for individual agents. The article outlines how this approach can be used to model complex social networks over time, recognising uncertainty and complexity, hence giving the ability to predict changes that will occur in the SRCs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Loureiro-Koechlin, Cecilia. "Human and social aspects of software development for complex organisations : an online ethnography of software developers." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5667.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the problem of human and social issues that affect software development. It is situated within the field of Information Systems and focuses on the processes of software production used within complex organisational processes: particularly decision-making, collaboration and workflow. Human and social issues are problems and situations caused by the members of the target organisations, software developers, and the dynamics of their working and social interactions. The objective of this thesis is to identify these human and social issues and see how they affect software developers' work. The methodological approach adopted here, is designed from the interpretive point of view. This study takes the perspective of software developers as they possess practical knowledge of complex business settings and current software development practices. Online ethnography is the chosen method that allows this investigation access to virtual communities in which software developers work and exchange experiences. The design of this thesis is as follows: 1. Online data is collected which reflect software developers' beliefs about their work and their target organisations. 2. Data categories are created which show a picture of the current state of affairs in software development. 3. An interpretive theory building strategy is used to create a model of software development based on data categories. The final outcome of this thesis is developed as a complement to Orlikowski's (2000) structurational model of enactment of technologies-in-practice and takes the form of a descriptive, theory based model. This model contributes to the deeper understanding of software development issues. It presents human and social issues that affect the production of software within three different contexts: software development environment, software development practices and complex business organisations. The model generated in this thesis also suggests that software developers' perceptions of human and social issues in complex business organisations are influenced by the developers' background knowledge and experience.
2
Ozola, Anete. "What impact can the economic potential of the Arctic region have on avoiding conflict?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42783.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the thesis is to look into the Arctic region and the relationship that the economic potential of the region has with the growing tension. The research question of the thesis is ‘what impact can the economic potential of the Arctic region have on avoiding conflict?’. The thesis uses the theoretical framework of Complex Interdependence as the base for Arctic state behavior and dependency. The used methods are content analysis for all eight Arctic state regions policy papers and after that case study of a smaller group of states. The thesis highlights, firstly, that Arctic states are deeply interdependent, which make the possibility of conflict unlikely. Secondly, the analysis showed that only two states prioritize the economic potential of the region in their policy papers. Therefore, while conflict is not inevitable, the priority interest areas of each Arctic region state show that cooperation is more beneficial for all involved sides and the economic potential is not the catalyst for military conflict in the region.
3
Coleman, Sarah. "Bottom-up adaptive management and stakeholder participation for clean water and healthy soils in a complex social-ecological system." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/853.
Full textAbstract:
Protection of water resources in a changing climate depends on bottom-up stewardship and adaptive management. From the ground up, a vital component is maintaining soil ecosystem services that regulate water, recycle nutrients, sequester carbon, provide food, and other benefits. Interacting spatial, social, and physical factors determine agricultural and stormwater management, and their impact on water. This dissertation explores these dimensions within a complex social-ecological system. The first chapter evaluates a participatory process to elicit solutions to complex environmental problems across science, policy, and practice. The second chapter studies on-farm soil assessment and its role in informing management decisions and supporting adaptive capacity. The third chapter investigates cross-scale dynamics of residential green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) for improved water resource management in a broader social-ecological context.
Integrating participant feedback into current science, research, and decision-making processes is an important challenge. A novel approach that combines a Delphi method with contemporary “crowdsourcing” to address water pollution in Lake Champlain Basin in the context of climate change is presented. Fifty-three participants proposed and commented on adaptive solutions in an online Delphi that occurred over a six-week period during the Spring of 2014. In a follow-up Multi-Stakeholder workshop, thirty-eight stakeholders participated in refining and synthesizing the forum’s results. The stakeholders’ interventions from the crowdsourcing forum have contributed to the current policy dialogue in Vermont to address phosphorus loading to Lake Champlain. This stakeholder approach strengthens traditional modeling scenario development to include priorities that have been collectively refined and vetted.
Healthy agricultural soils cannot easily be prescribed to farms and require knowledge and a long-term commitment to a holistic and adaptive approach. The second chapter addresses the questions: “to what extent do farmers use indicators of soil health, and does feedback inform management decisions?” A survey of farmers in two Vermont watersheds was conducted in 2016 showed relatively high use of fourteen soil indicators and high rankings of their importance. The finding that there were differences in use and perceived importance of soil indicators across management and land-use types has implications beyond the farm scale for agriculture, and the provision of ecosystem services. Soil management relates to broader adaptation strategies including resistance, resilience, and transformation that affects adaptive capacity of agroecosystems.
Bottom-up adoption of environmental behaviors, such as implementing residential GSI, need to be understood in the context of the broader social-ecological landscape to understand implications for improved water management. A statewide survey of Vermont residents paired a cross-scale and spatial analysis to evaluate how intention to adopt three different GSI practices (infiltration trenches, diversion of roof runoff, and rain gardens) varies with barriers to adoption and household attributes across varying stormwater contexts from the household to watershed scale. Improved stormwater management outcomes at the watershed and local levels depend on management strategies that can be implemented and adapted along the rural-urban gradient, across the bio-physical landscape, and according to varying norms and institutional arrangements.
4
Benincasa, Stefano. "Evolutionary Behavioral Economics: Essays on Adaptive Rationality in Complex Environments." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/268752.
Full textAbstract:
Against the theoretical background of evolutionary behavioral economics, this project analyzes bounded rationality and adaptive behaviour in organizational settings characterized by complexity and persistent uncertainty. In particular, drawing upon the standard NK model, two laboratory experiments investigate individual and collective decision-making in combinatorial problems of resource allocation featuring multiple dimensions and various levels of complexity. In the first study, investment horizons of different length are employed to induce a near or distant future temporal orientation, in order to assess the effects of complexity and time horizon on performance and search behaviour, examine the presence of a temporal midpoint heuristic, and inspect the moderating effects of deadline proximity on the performance-risk relationship. This is relevant for organizational science because the passage of time is essential to articulate many strategic practices, such as assessing progress, scheduling and coordinating task-related activities, discerning the processual dynamics of how these activities emerge, develop, and terminate, or interpreting retrospected, current, and anticipated events. A greater or lesser amount of time reflects then a greater or lesser provision of resources, thereby representing a constraint that can greatly affect the ability to maintain a competitive advantage or ensure organizational survival. In the second study, the accuracy of the imitative process is varied to induce a flawless or flawed information diffusion system and, congruently, an efficient or inefficient communication network, in order to assess the effects of complexity and parallel problem-solving on autonomous search behaviour, clarify the core drivers of imitative behaviour, control for the degree of strategic diversity under different communication networks, and evaluate individual as well as collective performance conditional to the interaction between the levels of complexity and the modalities of parallel problem-solving. This is relevant for organizational science because imitating the practices of high-performing actors is one of the key strategies employed by organizations to solve complex problems and improve their performance, thereby representing a major part of the competitive process. The project is intended to contribute grounding individual and collective behaviour in a more psychologically and socially informed decision-making, with a view to further the research agenda of behavioral strategy and sustain the paradigm shift towards an evolutionary-complexity approach to real economic structures.
5
Schill, Caroline. "Human Behaviour in Social-Ecological Systems : Insights from economic experiments and agent-based modelling." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141696.
Full textAbstract:
Progress towards sustainability requires changes in our individual and collective behaviour. Yet, our fundamental understanding of behaviour in relation to environmental change remains severely limited. In particular, little attention has been given to how individual and collective behaviours respond to, and are shaped by, non-linear environmental change (such as ‘regime shifts’) and its inherent uncertainties. The thesis makes two main contributions to the literature: 1) it provides one of the first accounts of human behaviour and collective action in relation to ecological regime shifts and associated uncertainties; and 2) extends the incipient behavioural common-pool resource literature that acknowledges social-ecological dynamics and ecological complexity. The overarching aim of this thesis is to further advance an empirically grounded understanding of human behaviour in social-ecological systems. In particular, the thesis attempts to unravel critical social-ecological factors and mechanisms for the sustainability of common-pool resources. This is especially relevant for contexts in which livelihoods can be more directly threatened by regime shifts. The following methods are applied: behavioural economic experiments in the lab (with students; Papers I and II) and in the field (with small-scale fishers from four different communities in the Colombian Caribbean; Paper III), and agent-based modelling empirically informed by a subset of the lab experiments (Paper IV). Paper I tests the effect of an endogenously driven regime shift on the emergence of cooperation and sustainable resource use. Paper II tests the effect of different risk levels of such a regime shift. The regime shift in both papers has negative consequences for the productivity of the shared resource. Paper III assesses the effect of different degrees of uncertainty about a climate-induced threshold in stock dynamics on the exploitation patterns; as well as the role of social and ecological local context. Paper IV explores critical individual-level factors and processes affecting the simultaneous emergence of collective action and sustainable resource use. Results cumulatively suggest that existing scientific knowledge indicating the potential for ecological regime shifts should be communicated to affected local communities, including the remaining uncertainties, as this information can encourage collective action for sustainable resource use. Results also highlight the critical role of ecological knowledge, knowledge-sharing, perceived ecological uncertainties, and the role local contexts play for sustainable outcomes. This thesis enriches the literature on social-ecological systems by demonstrating how a behavioural experimental approach can contribute new insights relevant for sustainability. Overall, these insights indicate that, given the opportunity and the willingness of people to come together, share knowledge, exchange ideas, and build trust, potential ecological crises can encourage collective action, and uncertainties can be turned into opportunities for dealing with change in constructive ways. This provides a hopeful outlook in the face of escalating environmental change and inherent uncertainties.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
6
Hamann, Maike. "Exploring connections in social-ecological systems : The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126318.
Full textAbstract:
A key challenge of the Anthropocene is to advance human development without undermining critical ecosystem services. Central to this challenge is a better understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being, which interact in dynamic and complex social-ecological systems. These relationships have been the focus of much work in the past decades, however more remains to be done to comprehensively identify and quantify them, especially at larger scales. In this thesis, a social-ecological systems approach is adopted to investigate connections between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being in South Africa. The country’s high levels of biological and socio-economic diversity, as well as its emerging economy make South Africa an interesting case for exploring these connections. Using data from a variety of public sources, and at different sub-national scales, the thesis first identifies and analyses a variety of bundles of ecosystem service use. Based on these bundles, three social-ecological system archetypes were identified and mapped in South Africa, namely the green-loop (high overall use of local ecosystem services), transition, and red-loop (low overall use of local ecosystem services) systems. Further analysis explored the social and ecological drivers of these patterns, and found the distribution of systems mainly influenced by social factors including household income, gender of the household head, and land tenure. Second, this thesis uses human well-being indicators to construct, analyse and map multi-dimensional human well-being bundles. These bundles were found to spatially cluster across the landscape, and were analysed for congruence with the ecosystem service use bundles. Discrepancies in the expected overlap of ecosystem service use and human well-being were highlighted and concur with findings elsewhere and the ongoing debate in the literature on the impacts of time-lags, indicator choice and scale of these interactions. Third, biodiversity in South Africa was analysed by employing an indicator of biodiversity intactness (BII) at the population level. The BII was found to have declined by 18.3% since pre-industrial times. Biodiversity loss was linked to the potential supply of ecosystem services, as well as human well-being patterns. A potential threshold at 40% biodiversity loss was detected, beyond which population abundances decline sharply. Finally, the thesis examines multiple perspectives on ecosystem services in sustainability research, including the social-ecological systems perspective, and discusses the complementarity of the different perspectives in furthering a deeper understanding of the connections between people and ecosystems. The social-ecological systems perspective employed throughout the empirical work presented in this thesis contributed towards cross-cutting insights, the testing of new kinds of data and the development of new approaches, all of which represent important steps towards unravelling the connections between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being, and contributing to the key Anthropocene challenge of sustainable development.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
7
Mora, Núñez Néstor. "A multi-fold assessment framework for virtualized collaborative and social learning scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404535.
Full textAbstract:
Proposem un procés de virtualització de sessions col·laboratives en directe a partir de fòrums de discussió i xats web amb l'objectiu de produir recursos d'aprenentatge en línia interactius per a ser utilitzats pels alumnes i generar un efecte positiu en la participació de l'alumne. Per tal de millorar encara més la implicació de l'aprenentatge, vam dotar al nostre procés de virtualització d'un marc d'avaluació múltiple que proporciona la consciència efectiva i la retroalimentació constructiva als alumnes de la col·laboració original amb interaccions entre els membres del grup. La investigació presentada es centra en l'avaluació electrònica d'aprenentatge col·laboratiu i social i s'estén amb analítiques d'aprenentatge i tècniques d'anàlisi de xarxa social que són capaces d'analitzar i representar les interaccions cognitives i socials amb sessions de col·laboració en viu subjacents.Proponemos un proceso de virtualización de sesiones colaborativas en directo a partir de foros de discusión y chats web con el objetivo de producir recursos de aprendizaje en línea interactivos para ser utilizados por los alumnos y generar un efecto positivo en la participación del alumno. Con el fin de mejorar aún más la implicación del aprendizaje, dotamos a nuestro proceso de virtualización de un marco de evaluación múltiple que proporciona la conciencia efectiva y la retroalimentación constructiva a los alumnos de la colaboración original con interacciones entre los miembros del grupo. La investigación presentada se centra en la evaluación electrónica de aprendizaje colaborativo y social y se extiende con analíticas de aprendizaje y técnicas de análisis de red social que son capaces de analizar y representar las interacciones cognitivas y sociales con sesiones de colaboración en vivo subyacentes.
We propose a virtualization process of live collaborative sessions from Web discussion forums and chats with the aim to produce interactive and attractive online learning resources to be used by learners, thus having a positive effect in learner engagement. In order to enhance further learning engagement, we endow our virtualization process with a multifold assessment framework that provides effective awareness and constructive feedback to learners from the original collaborative interactions among group members. The research presented focuses on e-assessment of collaborative and social learning and extends it with Learning Analytics and Social Network Analysis techniques that are able to analyse and represent cognitive and social interactions underlying live collaborative sessions.
8
Maciel, Rosal? Gomes Ara?jo. "Mestrado profissional: desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Uma an?lise dos ganhos sociais." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/996.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2008 - Rosali Gomes Araujo Maciel.pdf: 437244 bytes, checksum: 55922e63210fef851af24e315d3f8238 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-08-29Regulated by Declaration 80/1998 officially created in Brazil the Professional Masters, that has as a priority to group competitiveness and productivity for businesses and the better management of social sectors of the government and other organizations, adding quality as much to the production of goods as well as services. The success of this new branch of study requires an intercommunication between the university and the productive sector, as a means of connecting the university to the demands of the working world, balancing the development of knowledge, capable of promoting the growth of efficiency and effectiveness of different social sectors of society, connecting fields of knowledge with the fields of application. To add to the Masters degree a possibility of the professional forming more as an initiative in order to favor the social adjustment that the country needs to make thus a fertile field of research is opened. It is in this space that it is justified the relevancy of this study that has as its objective to analyze the social gains conquered by the students of the Professional Masters - PPGEN, offered by the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ (Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro) with the graduating classes of 2005 and 2006, as of the analysis of the developed As of the adoption of the qualitative methodology, the Social gains received by the enrolled students within the graduating classes of the years of 2005 and 2006 in the Post Graduate Program of the MBA of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ are identified. The results suggest that the students who developed competency have obtained social gains within their careers, in their personal lives and within their social lives and scientific formation. It also points to relative difficulties to the conciliation between work and study, the time of enrollment within the disciplines and the academic profile of the professors with aspects that can be better understood. Considering that this study evaluates only one of the views of the process, new questions arose throughout the study, showing the way to new studies. Amongst them is the need to study if there is a correspondence between the perceptions of the students of their professors, seeing that the proof of their competency is not merely within the sphere of their students, but overall, within the mobilization of resources within the work atmosphere. The first starting point is that this study invites a long term study with the students about the ease and challenges encountered within the range of work to react with competen in order to apply all of the knowledge that has been gained within the past two years.
Regulamentado pela Portaria 80/1998 nasce oficialmente no Brasil o Mestrado Profissional, que tem como prioridade agregar competitividade e produtividade ?s empresas e melhorar a gest?o dos setores sociais do governo e demais organiza??es, acrescentando qualidade tanto na produ??o de bens e servi?os. O sucesso dessa nova modalidade de forma??o exige uma interlocu??o entre a universidade e o setor produtivo, de modo a ligar a universidade ?s demandas do mundo atual, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos capazes de promover o incremento da efici?ncia e efic?cia de diferentes setores da sociedade, integrando campos de conhecimento com os campos de aplica??o. Ao acrescentar ao mestrado a possibilidade de forma??o profissional como mais uma iniciativa para favorecer o ajuste social que o pa?s precisa realizar, um campo f?rtil de pesquisa se abre. E ? nesse espa?o que se justifica a relev?ncia desse estudo que tem como objetivo analisar os ganhos sociais alcan?ados pelos alunos do Mestrado Profissional Gest?o e Estrat?gia em Neg?cios PPGEN-, oferecido pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro- UFRRJ, nas turmas de 2005 e 2006, a partir da an?lise das compet?ncias desenvolvidas. A partir da ado??o de metodologia qualitativa, s?o identificados os Ganhos Sociais que os alunos matriculados nas turmas do conv?nio nos anos de 2005 e 2006 no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Gest?o e Estrat?gia em Neg?cios- PPGEN- Mestrado Profissional da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ alcan?aram. Os resultados sugerem que os alunos desenvolveram compet?ncias e obtiveram ganhos sociais na carreira, na vida pessoal e forma??o cient?fica. Apontam as dificuldades relativas ? concilia??o entre trabalho e estudo, ao tempo para cursar as disciplinas e o perfil acad?mico dos professores como aspectos que podem ser mais bem equacionados. Considerando que esse estudo avalia apenas um dos olhares do processo, novos questionamentos surgiram ao longo da an?lise e discuss?o dos resultados, apontando para novos estudos. Dentre eles a necessidade de estudar se h? correspond?ncia entre a percep??o dos alunos com a dos professores, visto que a comprova??o da compet?ncia n?o se d? apenas na esfera dos alunos, mas, sobretudo, no mobilizar recursos no ambiente de trabalho. Pontap? inicial, essa pesquisa convida a um estudo longitudinal com os alunos a cerca das facilidades e dificuldades que encontraram no ?mbito de trabalho para agir com compet?ncia, para aplicar todos os saberes que construiu ao longo desses dois anos.
9
Lindkvist, Emilie. "Learning-by-modeling : Novel Computational Approaches for Exploring the Dynamics of Learning and Self-governance in Social-ecological Systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122395.
Full textAbstract:
As a consequence of global environmental change, sustainable management and governance of natural resources face critical challenges, such as dealing with non-linear dynamics, increased resource variability, and uncertainty. This thesis seeks to address some of these challenges by using simulation models. The first line of research focuses on the use of learning-by-doing (LBD) for managing a renewable resource, exemplified by a fish stock, and explores LBD in a theoretical model using artificial intelligence (Paper I and II). The second line of research focuses on the emergence of different forms of self-governance and their interrelation with the dynamics of trust among fishers when harvesting a shared resource, using an agent-based model. This model is informed by qualitative data based on small-scale fisheries in Mexico (Paper III and IV). Paper I and II find that the most sustainable harvesting strategy requires that the actor values current and future yields equally, cautiously experiments around what is perceived as the best harvest action, and rapidly updates its ‘mental model’ to any perceived change in catch. More specifically, Paper II reveals that understanding these aspects in relation to the type of change can yield not only increased performance, but also, and more importantly, increased robustness to both fast and slow changes in resource dynamics. However, when resource dynamics include the possibility of a more fundamental shift in system characteristics (a regime shift), LBD is problematic due to the potential for crossing a threshold, resulting in possible persistent reductions in harvests (Paper I). In Paper III, results indicate that cooperative forms of self-governance are more likely to establish and persist in communities where fishers’ have prior cooperative experience, fishers’ trustworthiness is more or less equal, and that this likelihood increases when resource availability fluctuates seasonally. Finally, to achieve a transformation toward more cooperative forms of self-governance, interventions are required that can strengthen both financial capital and trust among the members of the cooperatives (Paper IV). The unique contribution of this thesis lies in the method for ‘quantitatively’ studying LBD, the stylized model of a small-scale fishery, and the analysis of the two models to advance our understanding of processes of learning and self-governance in uncertain and variable social-ecological environments. Together, the results shed light on how social and ecological factors and processes co-evolve to shape social-ecological outcomes, as well as contributing to the development of novel methods within the emerging field of sustainability science.I vårt antropocena tidevarv är ett långsiktigt förvaltarskap av naturresurser inom social-ekologiska system av yttersta vikt. Detta kräver en djup förståelse av människan, ekologin, interaktionerna sinsemellan och deras utveckling över tid. Syftet med denna avhandling är att nå en djupare och mer nyanserad förståelse kring två av grundpelarna inom forskningen av hållbar förvaltning av naturresurser–kontinuerligt lärande genom learning-by-doing (LBD) för att förstå naturresursens dynamik, samt vad som kan kallas socialt kapital, i detta sammanhang i betydelsen tillit mellan individer, som naturligtvis ligger till grund för framgångsrik gemensam förvaltning. Denna föresats operationaliseras genom att använda två olika simuleringsmodeller. Den ena modellen undersöker hur en hållbar förvaltning av en förnyelsebar resurs, i denna avhandling exemplifierad av en fiskepopulation, kan uppnås genom LBD. Den andra modellen söker blottlägga det komplexa sociala samspel som krävs för att praktisera gemensam förvaltning genom att använda ett fiskesamhälle som fallstudie. Tidigare forskning på båda dessa två områden är relativt omfattade. Emellertid har den forskning som specialiserat sig på LBD i huvudsak inskränkt sig till empiriska fallstudier. Vad som bryter ny mark i denna avhandling är att vi konstruerar en simuleringsmodell av LBD där vi kan studera lärandeprocessen i detalj för att uppnå en mer hållbar förvaltning över tid. Beträffande modellen som behandlar socialt kapital så har tidigare forskning fokuserat på hur en organisation, eller grupp, kan uppnå hållbar förvaltning. Dock saknas ett helhetsgrepp där som tar hänsyn till alla nivåer; från individnivå (mikro), via gruppnivå (meso), till samhällsnivå (makro). Detta är något som denna avhandling försöker avhjälpa genom att undersöka betydelsen av individers egenskaper, uppbyggnaden av socialt kapital, samt hur detta påverkar emergens av ett samhälle dominerat av mer kooperativa förvaltningsformer respektive mer hierarkiska diton. I papper I and II studeras kärnan av LBD som återkoppling mellan en aktör och en resurs, där aktören lär sig genom upprepade interaktioner med en resurs. Resultaten visar att LBD är av avgörande betydelse för en hållbar förvaltning, speciellt då naturresursens dynamik är stadd i förändring. I den mest hållbara strategin bör aktören värdera nuvarande och framtida fångster lika högt, försiktigt experimentera kring vad aktören upplever som bästa strategi, för att sedan anpassa sin mentala modell till upplevda förändringar i fångst relativt dess insats någorlunda kraftigt. I papper III och IV behandlas uppbyggnaden av förtroende mellan individer och grupp, samt själv-organiserat styre. Genom att använda småskaligt fiske i Mexiko som en illustrativ fallstudie, utvecklades en agent-baserad modell av ett arketypiskt småskaligt fiskesamhälle. Resultaten indikerar att kooperativa förvaltningsformer är mer dominanta i samhällen där de som utför fisket har liknande pålitlighet, starkt gemensamt socialt kapital vid kooperativets start, och då resursen fluktuerar säsongsmässigt (papper III). Papper IV visar att för att uppnå en transformation från hierarkiska förvaltningsformer till kooperativa diton krävs interventioner som inriktar sig på både socialt och finansiellt kapital. Denna avhandling bidrar således till en djupare förståelse kring hur socialt kapital växer fram, samt hur mer strategiska LBD processer bör utformas när abrupta och osäkra förändringar i ekosystemen blir allt vanligare på grund av människans ökade tryck på planeten.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
10
Wilczynski, Anaëlle. "Interaction entre agents modélisée par un réseau social dans des problématiques de choix social computationnel Strategic Voting in a Social Context: Considerate Equilibria Object Allocation via Swaps along a Social Network Local Envy-Freeness in House Allocation Problems Constrained Swap Dynamics over a Social Network in Distributed Resource Reallocation Poll-Confident Voters in Iterative Voting." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED073.
Full textAbstract:
Le choix social repose sur l’étude de la prise de décision collective, où un ensemble d’individus doit convenir d’une solution commune en fonction des préférences de ses membres. Le problème revient à déterminer comment agréger les préférences de différents agents en une décision acceptable pour le groupe. Typiquement, les agents interagissent dans des processus de décision collective, notamment en collaborant ou en échangeant des informations. Il est communément supposé que tout agent est capable d’interagir avec n’importe quel autre. Or, cette hypothèse paraît irréaliste pour de nombreuses situations. On propose de relâcher cette hypothèse en considérant que la possibilité d’interaction est déterminée par un réseau social, représenté par un graphe sur les agents. Dans un tel contexte, on étudie deux problèmes de choix social : le vote stratégique et l’allocation de ressources. L’analyse se concentre sur deux types d’interaction : la collaboration entre les agents, et la collecte d’information. On s’intéresse à l’impact du réseau social, modélisant une possibilité de collaboration entre les agents ou une relation de visibilité, sur la résolution et les solutions de problèmes de vote et d’allocation de ressources. Nos travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre du choix social computationnel, en utilisant pour ces questions des outils provenant de la théorie des jeux algorithmique et de la théorie de la complexitéSocial choice is the study of collective decision making, where a set of agents must make a decision over a set of alternatives, according to their preferences. The question relies on how aggregating the preferences of the agents in order to end up with a decision that is commonly acceptable for the group. Typically, agents can interact by collaborating, or exchanging some information. It is usually assumed in computational social choice that every agent is able to interact with any other agent. However, this assumption looks unrealistic in many concrete situations. We propose to relax this assumption by considering that the possibility of interaction is given by a social network, represented by a graph over the agents.In this context, we study two particular problems of computational social choice: strategic voting and resource allocation of indivisible goods. The focus is on two types of interaction: collaboration and information gathering. We explore how the social network,modelingapossibilityofcollaboration or a visibility relation among the agents, can impact the resolution and the solution of voting and resource allocation problems. These questions are addressed via computational social choice by using tools from algorithmic game theory and computational complexity
Books on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Stanbury, W. T. The challenge to Canadian forest products in Europe: Managing a complex environmental issue. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1995.
Find full text
2
Tromp, Coyan. Wicked Philosophy. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988774.
Full textAbstract:
Wicked Philosophy. Philosophy of Science and Vision Development for Complex Problems provides an overview of the philosophy of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities, and explores how insights from these three domains can be integrated to help find solutions for the complex, ‘wicked’ problems we are currently facing. The core of a new science-based vision is complexity thinking, offering a meta-position for navigating alternative paradigms and making informed choices of resources for projects involving complex problems. The book also brings design thinking into problem-solving and teaching, fostering construction of an integrative approach that bridges structure and action amplified by transdisciplinary engagement of stakeholders in society. It is not always easy to set up a succesfull philosophy course for students in other programs. The author of Wicked Philosophy, Coyan Tromp, has experience in designing courses on philosophy of science for various Bachelor programs. You can find two examples here. The first example is for an introductory course to an Interdisciplinary Philosophy of Science, which is specifically suited for programs focusing at complex problems such as sustainability or health issues. The second example is a program for a course on (Philosophy of) Science in a Post-Truth Society. More examples are also available (e.g. a program in which Philosophy of Science is combined with Vision Development and Future Scenarios). In addition to the program, the author can also provide a workbook with lesson plans, both for online and on campus settings as well as additional literature suggestions for Dutch and French programmes. Please contact us at marketing@aup.nl for questions or extra material.
3
Wickhamsmith, Simon. Politics and Literature in Mongolia (1921-1948). NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984752.
Full textAbstract:
Politics and Literature in Mongolia (1921-1948) investigates the relationship between literature and politics during Mongolia’s early revolutionary period. Between the 1921 socialist revolution and the first Writers’ Congress held in April 1948, the literary community constituted a key resource in the formation and implementation of policy. At the same time, debates within the party, discontent among the population, and questions of religion and tradition led to personal and ideological conflict among the intelligentsia and, in many cases, to trials and executions. Using primary texts, many of them translated into English for the first time, Simon Wickhamsmith shows the role played by the literary arts — poetry, fiction and drama — in the complex development of the ‘new society’, helping to bring Mongolia’s nomadic herding population into the utopia of equality, industrial progress and social well-being promised by the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party.
4
South Carolina. General Assembly. Legislative Audit Council. Report to the General Assembly: A management review of the Charleston Naval Complex Redevelopment Authority. Columbia, S.C: Legislative Audit Council, 2000.
Find full text
5
Busacca, Maurizio, and Roberto Paladini. Collaboration Age. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-424-0.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, public policies of urban regeneration have intensified and multiplied. They are being promoted with the aim to start social and economic dynamics within the local context which is subject to intervention. From the empirical analysis, we realise that such activities are mainly implemented by three subjects or by mixed coalitions (public institutions, actors of the third sector and companies). Within them, each player is moved by a multiplicity of interests and goals that go beyond their own nature – public interest, market and mutualism – and tend to redefine themselves, thus becoming hybrid forms of production of value (social, economic, cultural). By studying a number Italian and Catalan cases, this essay deals with the theory that, under specific conditions and configurations, a collaborative direction – of organization, production and design – would give life to successful procedures, even without the identification of a one-best-way. The collaboration is not simply a choice of operation, but a real production method which mobilises social resources to create hybrid solutions – between state, market and society – to complex issues that could not be faced solely with the use of the rationale of action of one among the three actors. In this framework, the systems of relations and interactions between players and shared capital become an essential condition for the success of every initiative of urban redevelopment, or failure thereof. Such initiatives are brought to life by the strategic role of individuals who foster connections as well as the dissemination of non-redundant information between social networks, and collective and individual actors which would otherwise be separated and barely able to communicate and collaborate with each other. In addition to the functions carried out by knowledge brokers, that have been extensively described in organisational studies and economic sociology, the aforementioned figures act as real social enzymes, that is to say, they handle the available information and function as catalysts of social processes of production of knowledge. Moreover, they increase the reaction speed, working on mechanisms which control the spontaneity.
6
Ismailov, Nariman, Samira Nadzhafova, and Aygyun Gasymova. Bioecosystem complexes for the solution of environmental, industrial and social problems (on the example of Azerbaijan). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043239.
Full textAbstract:
A key objective of the modern development of society is the observance of ecological and socio-economic unity in human life
and comprehensive improvement of environment and quality of life should be considered in close connection with the quality of the natural landscape. The formation of scientific understanding of the unity of society and nature is driven by the need for practical implementation of such unity. This defines the focus of this monograph. Given the overall assessment of the current state of the environment in Azerbaijan, considers the scenarios for the future development of the area. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. In the framework of the above to address complex social, environmental and production problems in Azerbaijan developed scientific basis of integrated system of industrial farms — biclusters with a closed production cycle through effective utilization of regional biological resources,
whose interactions and relationships take on the character of vzaimodeistvie components for obtaining focused final result with high practical importance. Microbiological, biochemical
and technological processes are the basis of all development of biotechnology. Presents the development will help strengthen the ties between science and production, establishing mechanisms to conduct applied research in the field of innovation and creation of knowledge-based technologies in solving current and future environmental problems in Azerbaijan.
We offer innovative ideas distinguishes the potential need for their materialization into new products, technologies and services, including the widespread use of digital technologies to design dynamic digital environmental map in space and in time.
For students, scientific and engineering-technical workers, students and specializing in environmental technology, environmental protection.
7
South Carolina. General Assembly. Legislative Audit Council. Report to the General Assembly: A performance audit of the South Carolina Resources Authority Infrastructure Funding Program. Columbia, S.C: The Council, 1994.
Find full text
8
Keen, Andrew. The cult of the amateur: How today's internet is killing our culture. London: Nicholas Brealey, 2007.
Find full text
9
The cult of the amateur: How blogs, MySpace, YouTube, and the rest of today's user-generated media are destroying our economy, our culture, and our values. New York: Currency Doubleday, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Hubbard, Carmen, Beth Clark, and David Harvey. "Farm animal welfare: do free markets fail to provide it?" In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy, 30–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0030.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Animal welfare is often claimed to be a 'public good', i.e. requiring government intervention and legislation to ensure that animal welfare is respected. In other words, markets, on their own, cannot be relied on to deliver socially acceptable animal welfare. In fact, the issues surrounding animal welfare are more complex and subtle than this. This chapter first explains the general features of public goods, as defined and recognized in economics (Section 2). It then turns to the specific case of animal welfare (Section 3) and explains that outlawing cruelty to animals is clearly a genuine public good, but improving animal welfare can only be achieved by reflecting consumers' willingness to pay for better animal welfare production. However, there is a clear disconnect between citizens' apparent concerns about animal welfare and their exhibited willingness to pay for better animal welfare. Does this imply a clear market failure? This apparent failure is examined with the aid of a thought experiment, and identifies the nature of the problem - a combination of information and communication deficiencies with peoples' limited availability of time, resources and motivation to attend to all social issues with each and every purchase decision. The underlying problem is one of consumption externality - other peoples' consumption decisions affect my/your assessment of our own welfare - since farmed animal welfare depends on peoples' consumption decisions.
2
Ma, Ji-shun, Bin Zhao, and Hao Zhang. "Encryption and Compression Storage Method of Educational Resources Based on Complex Network and Big Data Analysis." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 77–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63955-6_7.
Full text
3
Vieri, Marco, Daniele Sarri, Stefania Lombardo, Marco Rimediotti, Riccardo Lisci, Valentina De Pascale, Eleonora Salvini, Carolina Perna, and Andrea Pagliai. "Economic, environmental and social challenges." In Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 5. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.05.
Full textAbstract:
The new paradigm of digitization, connectivity and Precision Agriculture is a great opportunity in growing on work efficiency and profitability, resources and environment care, social evolution in new jobs and in a new way of working. However, this widespread adoption require time in appropriate machines, devices, systems and procedures. In the different stage of complexity, economic and environmental advantages are already defined in an important document of the European Parliament (STOA 2016 and 2017) i.e. The first step of PA adoption saves time and fuel for 15-20%, new conservative operation reduces soil erosion up to 15 times, more complex steps make saving up to 70% of chemicals for pest control. Nevertheless, problems arise with education and training.
4
Schelhas, John, Janice Alexander, Mark Brunson, Tommy Cabe, Alycia Crall, Michael J. Dockry, Marla R. Emery, et al. "Social and Cultural Dynamics of Non-native Invasive Species." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 267–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_12.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractInvasive species and their management represent a complex issue spanning social and ecological systems. Invasive species present existing and potential threats to the nature of ecosystems and the products and services that people receive from them. Humans can both cause and address problems through their complex interactions with ecosystems. Yet, public awareness of invasive species and their impact is highly uneven, and public support for management and control of invasive species can be variable. Public perceptions often differ markedly from the perspectives of concerned scientists, and perceptions and support for management are influenced by a wide range of social and ecological values. In this chapter, we present a broad survey of social science research across a diversity of ecosystems and stakeholders in order to provide a foundation for understanding the social and cultural dimensions of invasive species and plan more effective management approaches. This chapter also addresses tribal perspectives on invasive species, including traditional ecological knowledge, unique cultural dimensions for tribes, and issues critical to engaging tribes as partners and leaders in invasive species management. Recognizing that natural resource managers often seek to change people’s perceptions and behaviors, we present and discuss some promising approaches that are being used to engage human communities in ways that empower and enlist stakeholders as partners in management.
5
Vella, Sue. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Malta." In IMISCOE Research Series, 299–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_20.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter analyses social security benefits for migrants in Malta. Since the early years of the millennium, levels of immigration to Malta have increased sharply among both European Union (EU) nationals and third-country nationals. Malta’s accession to the EU, and its booming economy in recent years, has attracted a steadily rising number of EU nationals, while numbers of asylum seekers and other third-country nationals meeting labour shortages in Malta have also risen steadily. The chapter considers the conditions of migrants’ access to unemployment, healthcare, family benefits, pensions and guaranteed minimum resources. In the case of EU nationals, since 2004 they have been entitled to benefits on the same terms as Maltese nationals, except for social assistance which they cannot claim, at least in the first three months of their stay and the subsequent job search period. The case is more complex for third-country nationals whose eligibility differs according to whether they are long-term residents, refugees, asylum-seekers or in Malta on the basis of an employment licence. It is hoped that the recently introduced Integration Strategy may help provide a pathway to equal treatment of migrants who make Malta their home.
6
Pavlov, Yuri P. "Renewable Resources and Value-Based Complex Forest Management." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 1309–22. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch089.
Full textAbstract:
In the chapter the question of multifactor value-driven management of renewable resources of complex forest systems is investigated. Timber harvesting closely concerns local population from economic and ecological positions. The production is relevant only as means to achieve human values. Because of this, values are the focus of the decision making and the strategic management needs to clearly defining and structuring the fundamental values. In the paper value-oriented models, based on a multi-attribute utility function, which analytically represents human preferences, are discussed. Such value-based modeling permits mathematical description of complex multifactor processes and optimal control. The mathematical optimal control solutions define a well-founded ecologically, socially, and economically oriented strategy of forest resource management.
7
Spicker, Paul. "Poverty." In The Poverty of Nations, 15–34. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447343325.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional representations of poverty treat it as a condition characterized by a lack of resources. In recent years, those representations have been challenged, as poverty has increasingly come to be understood as a complex, multi-dimensional set of issues. It is not a single, unified idea. A ‘relative’ concept of poverty interprets the problems of poverty as socially constructed, socially defined or associated with inequality; but the idea of relative poverty still treats poverty as state of being. ‘Structural’ concepts of poverty see poverty as the product of social relationships. A relational view of poverty begins from a different conceptual base. Much of the experience of poverty is relational: examples include problems of social exclusion, lack of security, gender relationships and lack of power. The constituent elements of poverty are relational: poverty is closely identified with specific statuses such as class, dependency and lack of entitlement. Command over resources is no less relational: the things that people can buy or use, such as access to land or finance, also depend on the position of other people. Poverty is constituted by such relationships. It is, in and of itself, a relational concept.
8
Patsios, Demi, Marco Pomati, and Paddy Hillyard. "Living standards in the UK." In Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK: Vol. 2. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334224.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides an overview of a conceptual framework and analytical tool for measuring UK living standards (UK-LS). It aims to supplement and complement B-SEM and PSE poverty and social exclusion measures by combining objective indicators of living conditions (resources) and subjective assessments of those living conditions (outcomes) falling into eleven dimensions under three overarching domains: ‘what we have’, ‘what we do’, and ‘where we live’. Descriptive and exploratory analyses using selected examples of ‘what we have’ domain reveals that individuals with varying levels of ‘resources’ (ie. income, wealth, material goods etc) differ on objective and subjective ‘outcomes’ of living standards within and across living standards dimensions. We conclude that multidimensional indicators of living standards can provide a supplementary and complementary evidence base to inform policy and research by expanding focus beyond those traditionally considered poor or socially excluded for those higher up the range of living standards. However, in order for the conceptual model and analytical framework to be useful, potential users must be clear about resources versus outcomes when seeking to uncover the complex interactions (and associations) between objective and subjective indicators of living standards and equally important the purpose for which the UK-LS analytical framework is being used.
9
Espejo, Raul. "Our Cyber-Systemic Future." In Robotic Systems, 1969–78. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch093.
Full textAbstract:
How can systems and cybernetics address the issues arising from an increasingly complex world, that often is beyond our traditional response capabilities? The author argues that to address such complexity we require imaginative propositions and innovative behaviours to see and address the inherently systemic nature of our world, which too often is fragmented by policies driven by non-systemic models. Socially, we live in a world experiencing systemic deficit; our policy responses are often fragmented, but even if they are not, socially designed responses fail to recognise environmental constraints and produce innovative allocations of requisite resources to make them happen. The author argues that conversational spaces, such as those offered by the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics [WOSC], and other cybersystemic associations, should help dealing with fragmentation and resources allocation; he sees these conversations as necessary contributions to redress our systemic deficit. Systemic thinking should help in visualising social situations as wholes, thus reducing the chances of dysfunctional fragmentation and cybernetics should help us understanding processes of dynamic stability in the interactions among and between people, institutions, and organizations. Systemic thinking should give us methodological tools; cybernetics should give us communication tools to manage the complexity of situations from the local to the global. The paper discusses complexity management strategies, emphasising the need to deal operationally with this complexity rather than cognitively; operational complexity is orders of magnitude larger than cognitive complexity. The paper ends up with an illustration of these complexity management strategies in higher education.
10
Öztop, Hülya, Pelin Pekmezci, and Ceyda Misirlioğlu. "The Child Rearing Roles and Responsibilities of Women in Terms of Gender." In Handbook of Research on Policies, Protocols, and Practices for Social Work in the Digital World, 411–26. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7772-1.ch023.
Full textAbstract:
The familial scene is one in which human emotions are displayed, and the child's role in this scene is to observe and experience human relations in all their complex aspects. This includes both positive behaviors, such as agreement, compromise, and loyalty and cooperation, as well as negative behaviors, such as disagreement, dispute, and conflict. In a healthy family, family members develop positive behaviors based on mutual respect and cooperation in accordance with responsibilities and roles of parents and children. Children learn about their roles and status in the society through the roles and responsibilities developed in line with basic family functions. Since individuals are born without any specific abilities, they need their families to acquire certain means and resources they need both personally and socially. Therefore, one of the most basic concepts for explaining the family's connection with society is that of gender and related processes.
Conference papers on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Mora, Nestor, Santi Caballe, Thanasis Daradoumis, Leonard Barolli, Elis Kulla, and Evjola Spaho. "Characterizing Social Network E-Assessment in Collaborative Complex Learning Resources." In 2014 Eighth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisis.2014.36.
Full text
2
Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal, and Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
3
Ibragimov, Kury. "Legal Regulation Of Complex Rational Use Of Natural Resources In Corps Trading." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.475.
Full text
4
Mamakos, Michail, and Georgios Chalkiadakis. "Probability Bounds for Overlapping Coalition Formation." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/47.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we provide novel methods which benefit from obtained probability bounds for assessing the ability of teams of agents to accomplish coalitional tasks. To this end, our first method is based on an improvement of the Paley-Zygmund inequality, while the second and the third ones are devised based on manipulations of the two-sided Chebyshev’s inequality and the Hoeffding’s inequality, respectively. Agents have no knowledge of the amount of resources others possess; and hold private Bayesian beliefs regarding the potential resource investment of every other agent. Our methods allow agents to demand that certain confidence levels are reached, regarding the resource contributions of the various coalitions. In order to tackle real-world scenarios, we allow agents to form overlapping coalitions, so that one can simultaneously be part of a number of coalitions. We thus present a protocol for iterated overlapping coalition formation (OCF), through which agents can complete tasks that grant them utility. Agents lie on a social network and their distance affects their likelihood of cooperation towards the completion of a task. We confirm our methods’ effectiveness by testing them on both a random graph of 300 nodes and a real-world social network of 4039 nodes.
5
Oumansky, L., and E. Grishin. "Historical Morphology of Crime in the Late Russian Empire as a Component of Complex and Thematic Maps." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1828.978-5-317-06529-4/323-329.
Full textAbstract:
On the crime studies data set example the article describes an approbation of the new method for researching the social and economic development of the late Russian Empire. This method is based on the usage of the unified by the land- and timescape digital GIS model.
6
Chuykova, T. S. "Psychological resources of professional selfrealization of a teacher of a higher school under conditions of pre-employment." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.694.707.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents an analysis of psychological resources that are important for the productive professional implementation of university teachers in modern conditions of employment. These conditions are noted by such features as job insecurity, job intensification and flexibilization. As psychological resources, the author considers such complex phenomena as resilience, hardiness, personal potential, as well as more narrow personality characteristics: optimism, self-efficacy, mindfulness. As the conditions that help a person cope with stresses, the author’s attention turns to the physical and social aspects of a person’s life support in difficult life circumstances: physical fitness, the presence of social support. The author shows that these psychological characteristics, phenomena and conditions can be involved in the prevention of psychological, somatic and social consequences of experiencing job insecurity among teachers of higher education.
7
Gabaldón-Estevan, Daniel. "Environmental innovation through transport policy. The implementation of the free fare policy on public transport in Tallinn, Estonia." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3532.
Full textAbstract:
Urban areas are of increasing relevance when it comes to sustainability. • First, about half of the world’s population now lives in cities (increasing to 60% by 2030). • Second, cities are nowadays responsible for levels of resource consumption and waste generation that are higher beyond their share on world population. • Third, cities are more vulnerable to disruptive events that can lead to restrictions on the provision of resources and to changes on the environment caused by climate change. • And fourth, because they concentrate key resources (political, social, cultural…), cities are seen as strategic scenarios where to experiment and develop solutions to cope with the prevailing sustainability challenges driven by the major social and environmental transformations. Urban agglomerations can be seen as complex innovation systems where human activities are shaped in order to transform societies towards sustainable development. For this paper, we focus on the case of an environmental innovation regarding transport policy, the implementation of the fare-free policy on public transport for all inhabitants of Tallinn, Estonia. Tallinn, with 414,000 inhabitants in 2015, is the capital of Estonia and the largest city in the country. Over the last two decades the share of public transport trips decreased dramatically. After a public opinion poll in 2012, in which over 75% of the participants voted for a fare-free public transportation system (FFPTS) in Tallinn, the new policy was implemented on 1st January 2013. From that date on inhabitants of Tallinn could use all public transport services (busses, trams, trolly-busses) operated by city-run operators for free. Later the fare-free system was implemented also on trains within Tallinn. In this paper we analyze the context, in which this policy was implemented, the main characteristics of its implementation and its actual situation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3532
8
Capello, Maria Angela, Cristina Robinson-Marras, Kankana Dubay, Harikrishnan Tulsidas, and Charlotte Griffiths. "Progressing the UN SDGs: Focusing on Women and Diversity in Resource Management Brings Benefits to All." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205898-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Gender equality in the energy sector is still a challenge for the timely attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on empowering women. To enable solutions roadmaps, the UN Expert Group on Resource Management launched "Women in Resource Management" in April 2019. This paper summarizes the initiative's progress to date and how it maneuvered through the pandemic, delivering several quick wins benefitting women in oil and gas, geothermal, and mining. The initiative focuses on the energy sector (Oil & Gas, Renewables, Mining). As per the UNECE - Gender 2020 annual report, "The Women in Resource Management aims to determine achievable, global outreach goals to explore how resource management can help attain SDG 5, recognizing the importance to provide women and girls with, inter alia, equal access to education and decent work, and that their representation in economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies". Work done till May 2021 includes:Review of a series of resource management projects to evaluate challenges and opportunities in enhancing performance from the perspective of gender.Selection of cases and country-specific study cases that exemplify how SDG 5 aims could be applied in resource management. The initiative deliverables and timeline for the future include:Dialogues on policy, aimed to boost gender participation in resource managementA network of women engaged in resource management projectsWebinars with global outreachIssue recommendations for the consideration and incrementing the participation of gender in resource management A comparison of critical elements considered diagnostic for women's empowerment such as female workforce percentages, participation of women in leadership and technical roles across several segments of resource management will be assessed per region with a global outlook. Other indicators valuable for the proposed assessment will be shared in this paper covering communication programmes and tools, empowerment and knowledge-sharing workshops, strategies and frameworks to increase active participation and awareness of women and men on the importance of gender equality for the sustainability of the energy sector. The initiative's roadmap was shared to collectively join efforts in an initiative that needs to compel the related organizations and stakeholders to generate step-changing actions to attain SDG 5 by 2030 and fully benefit from the impacts of diversity and inclusion in resource management, which benefit the sector. The participation of women in technical, organizational and leadership roles in resource management is imperative to ensure the sustainability of the energy sector in actionable paths. The roadmap and quick wins shared in this paper will inspire governmental, private, not-for-profit, multilateral, and other organizations dealing with the complex objective of incrementing the participation of women in resource management. The pursuit of gender equality strategies enables the success of SDG 5, especially if done with a collaborative effort that creates social and economic value at a global scale. Immediate objectives of the future activities of this initiative are to shape teams to address and advance research, communication of best practices and opportunities in mining (minerals and U/To resources), Oil and Gas, Renewables (including groundwater) and Public Sector and Talent Development.
9
Hoidrag, Traian. "Partnership between educational institution, family and community for the recovery of adolescents with addictive behaviors." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p235-242.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption of psychoactive substances and other addictive behaviors is a risk factor that can disrupt the good somatic, psychological, social and educational development of adolescents. The fact that many adolescents consume tobacco, alcohol, cannabis or other substances, and a significant number of them end up being diagnosed with substance use disorder and other associated disorders, requires multiple human, financial and material resources and special attention from specialists. involved in reducing the demand and supply of drugs. Addiction treatment is a complex issue, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and long-term co-optation of representatives of educational institutions, adolescents and members of local communities in which various prevention or medical, psychological or social assistance programs are carried out. Cooperation is very important for the efficient use of resources available to each party involved in the process of recovering those affected by addictive behaviors, raising awareness of the risks of continued substance use, reducing stigma, conducting interventions to meet the needs of beneficiaries, families them and the members of the community in which they live, the diversification of support services, the provision of continuous psychosocial support and the reintegration of adolescents into the family, social and educational environment.
10
Kolesnikov, Andrey Vitalievich. "Nonlinear sociodynamics of competitive sociotypes of molecular and cosmic human." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-19.
Full textAbstract:
As one of the most important factors determining the nature of the dynamic behavior of a social system, the article considers the competitive relationship of two alternative sociotypes, conventionally designated as molecular human and cosmic human. The molecular sociotype is understood as the personality of the average consumer, whose behavioral determinants are largely determined by the selfish gene. The cosmic human is a person who has realized the dependence on the selfish gene. Representatives of the cosmic sociotype consider the products of their own mind, their contribution to culture, as a more significant function than gene replication. This explains the different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by molecular human and cosmic human. Three possible scenarios for the evolution of a social system have been identified for different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by both sociotypes with a constant share of the population. In this case, the aggregate resource is understood as the entire intellectual, cultural and economic product produced by the social system during a certain conditional cycle of reproduction. The dynamics of a social system with a variable value of the share of a productive comic sociotype is considered in the work on the basis of a nonlinear two-dimensional model. The mathematical model demonstrates complex nonlinear quasicyclic behavior.
Reports on the topic "Socially complex resources"
1
Baird, Natalie, Tanushree Bharat Shah, Ali Clacy, Dimitrios Gerontogiannis, Jay Mackenzie, David Nkansah, Jamie Quinn, Hector Spencer-Wood, Keren Thomson, and Andrew Wilson. maths inside Resource Suite with Interdisciplinary Learning Activities. University of Glasgow, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.234071.
Full textAbstract:
Maths inside is a photo competition open to everyone living in Scotland, hosted by the University of Glasgow. The maths inside project seeks to nourish a love for mathematics by embarking on a journey of discovery through a creative lens. This suite of resources have been created to inspire entrants, and support families, teachers and those out-of-school to make deeper connections with their surroundings. The maths inside is waiting to be discovered! Also contained in the suite is an example to inspire and support you to design your own interdisciplinary learning (IDL) activity matched to Education Scotland experiences and outcomes (Es+Os), to lead pupils towards the creation of their own entry. These resources are not prescriptive, and are designed with a strong creativity ethos for them to be adapted and delivered in a manner that meets the specific needs of those participating. The competition and the activities can be tailored to meet all and each learners' needs. We recommend that those engaging with maths inside for the first time complete their own mapping exercise linking the designed activity to the Es+Os. To create a collaborative resource bank open to everyone, we invite you to treat these resources as a working document for entrants, parents, carers, teachers and schools to make their own. Please share your tips, ideas and activities at info@mathsinside.com and through our social media channels. Past winning entries of the competition are also available for inspiration and for using as a teaching resource. Already inspired? Enter the competition!
2
McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
3
Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
4
Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
Full textAbstract:
Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
5
Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
6
Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
7
Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...