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Journal articles on the topic 'Socially complex resources'
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1
Potrashkova, Liudmyla. "DYNAMIC MODEL OF A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ENTERPRISE POTENTIAL." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.245.
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Introduction. Socially responsible measures, which are implemented by the enterprise, launch a complex chain of cause and effect links in the resource system of the enterprise. Therefore, to analyse the impact of such measures on the dynamics of enterprise resources, as well as to address the task of assessing the potential of a socially responsible enterprise, it is necessary to use dynamic models that will describe the specified chain of causal relationships. Purpose. The article aims to construct a model of the dynamics of characteristics of the resources of a socially responsible enterprise in the form of a system of differential equations, as well as to determine the possibility of using such a model for solving the task of assessing the potential of the enterprise. Result. In order to achieve this goal, a system of differential equations is developed. This system describes the dynamics of the characteristics of the resources of an environmentally responsible enterprise, which carries out projects to improve the ecological characteristics of its products and processes. An important feature of the proposed model is that it takes into account the causal chain of the impact of environmental measures on the dynamics of enterprise resources. On the one hand, environmental projects divert funds from projects to increase production capacity. On the other hand, due to the ecological responsibility of consumers, environmental projects positively influence the amount of specific profit per unit of production of the enterprise. Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed model for various variants of the values of controlled parameters allows us to find the set of Pareto-optimal values of the vector of the result indicators of the enterprise's activity. This set is a result of the evaluation of the potential of the analysed enterprise. The inclusion in the proposed model of the cause-effect chain of the impact of environmental measures on the dynamics of resources increases the accuracy of the assessment of the potential of a socially responsible enterprise.
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Zeimers, Géraldine, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Thierry Zintz, and Annick Willem. "Examining Collaboration Among Nonprofit Organizations for Social Responsibility Programs." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 48, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 953–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019837616.
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Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) increasingly implement socially responsible programs to address their responsibilities toward society. Although collaborations are a valuable means to tackle complex social issues, NPOs also similarly collaborate with other NPOs for delivering socially responsible programs. However, the motivations driving NPOs to collaborate with likeminded organizations for socially responsible programs remain unclear. Using a single embedded in-depth case study research design, our purpose is to examine the formation of collaborations among sport federations and sport clubs for socially responsible programs. Reflecting the interplay between resource-based view and institutional perspectives, our findings intrinsically indicate that partners demonstrate similarity in their motivations to collaborate due to their organizational fit, but with some key differences in the complementary resources they seek. Organizational legitimacy and resource exchange needs for socially responsible programs are driving the collaboration rather than organizational survival needs. The potential to create social value makes this nonprofit collaboration form unique.
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Schultze, Carol A., Jennifer A. Huff, Thilo Rehren, and Abigail R. Levine. "The Emergence of Complex Silver Metallurgy in the Americas: A Case Study from the Lake Titicaca Basin of Southern Peru." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, no. 1 (February 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000517.
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This paper discusses the emergence of silver metallurgy some two millennia ago in the south central Andes. It is argued that the availability of multiple abundant resources and a high population density were instrumental in the development of this complex technology. The potential for such resource-rich environments to stimulate and sustain innovation is briefly discussed, particularly for prestige goods in societies engaged in socially competitive networks. The Puno Bay area of Lake Titicaca and its hinterland is shown to be one such resource-rich region, which may have contributed to its role in developing a complex and labour-intensive silver metallurgy as part of a larger mining-metallurgical landscape.
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Razali, Salmi, Maggie Kirkman, and Jane Fisher. "Research on a Socially, Ethically, and Legally Complex Phenomenon: Women Convicted of Filicide in Malaysia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i2.337.
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Little is known about filicide from the perspective of women convicted of the offence. The lack of research is partly attributable to the many difficulties entailed in researching socially marginalised and incarcerated people. Research on filicide engages with socially, culturally, and politically sensitive matters, including gendered social structures and behaviours, legal and ethical complexity, emotionally arousing topics, a rare phenomenon, and hard-to-reach participants. In countries where there is poor surveillance, limited local information, and few resources or experts in filicide, researchers must find innovative ways of overcoming these problems. Here we describe the particular challenges in conducting research on women convicted of filicide in Malaysia, a predominantly Muslim country, when the researchers are based at an Australian university. The persistence, resilience, and creativity required to overcome each problem were justified by the achievement of research that contributes to knowledge and has implications for change in policy and practice.
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Ashby, Alison. "Developing closed loop supply chains for environmental sustainability." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2016-0175.
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PurposeForward and reverse supply chains form a “closed loop” when managed in a coordinated way and this “cradle to cradle” responsibility has strong relevance to addressing environmental sustainability in global supply chains. The extensive outsourcing of manufacturing has created highly fragmented supply chains, which is strongly evidenced within the UK clothing industry, and it presents major environmental challenges, particularly around waste and resource use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) can be successfully developed to address environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe natural resource-based view (NRBV) acknowledges the importance of a firm’s tangible and intangible resources, as well as socially complex relationships, and provides three path-dependent strategies for achieving environmentally based competitive advantage. Via an in-depth case study of the UK-based clothing firm, the NRBV is employed as a framework for understanding the processes that a focal firm needs to engage in to develop a CLSC, and the contribution that is made by its resources and supplier relationships.FindingsThe findings illustrate the key importance of strategic resources and shared vision and principles between the focal firm and its suppliers, in order to progress from a more reactive pollution prevention strategy to a fully embedded CLSC response to environmental sustainability. The case study highlights the need to extend the current CLSC model to integrate the design function and end customer; the design function ensures that appropriate environmental practices can be implemented, and customers represent a key stakeholder as they enable the reverse flows required to maximise value and minimise waste.Originality/valueThe NRBV and its three path-dependent strategies are an established framework for understanding environmentally based competitive advantage, but has not previously been explicitly employed to investigate CLSCs. This research, therefore, provides valuable insight into the applicability of this model in the supply chain field, and the key role of tangible and intangible resources and socially complex supplier relationships in developing and achieving a CLSC.
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Harris, Celia B., Amanda J. Barnier, John Sutton, and Paul G. Keil. "Couples as socially distributed cognitive systems: Remembering in everyday social and material contexts." Memory Studies 7, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014530619.
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In everyday life remembering occurs within social contexts, and theories from a number of disciplines predict cognitive and social benefits of shared remembering. Recent debates have revolved around the possibility that cognition can be distributed across individuals and material resources, as well as across groups of individuals. We review evidence from a maturing program of empirical research in which we adopted the lens of distributed cognition to gain new insights into the ways that remembering might be shared in groups. Across four studies, we examined shared remembering in intimate couples. We studied their collaboration on more simple memory tasks as well as their conversations about shared past experiences. We also asked them about their everyday memory compensation strategies in order to investigate the complex ways that couples may coordinate their material and interpersonal resources. We discuss our research in terms of the costs and benefits of shared remembering, features of the group and features of the remembering task that influence the outcomes of shared remembering, the cognitive and interpersonal functions of shared remembering, and the interaction between social and material resources. More broadly, this interdisciplinary research program suggests the potential for empirical psychology research to contribute to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions of distributed cognition.
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Mazur, Karolina. "Isolating mechanisms as sustainability factors of resource-based competitive advantage." Management 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0053.
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Summary Isolating mechanisms as sustainability factors of resource-based competitive advantage Strategic resources which fulfill conditions of VRIN generate extraordinary profits for organizations. The possibility of these long-term profits (rents) to achieve can be protected by isolating mechanisms. These mechanisms can be different but the most important are causal ambiguity, lead time, path dependency, the role of history, socially complex links and the time compression diseconomies. These mechanism can be WIM and AIM type (based on willingness or ability). They can be also analyzed on individual, organizational or social levels. The article presents the case study which supports available systems of mechanism categorization.
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Drumwright, Minette E. "Socially Responsible Organizational Buying: Environmental Concern as a Noneconomic Buying Criterion." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 3 (July 1994): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800301.
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The greening of corporate America has added a new and different type of criterion to some organizational buying decisions—social responsibility. Scholars have given little attention to such noneconomic buying criteria. On the basis of a study of 35 buying processes in ten organizations and an in-depth examination of 21 of those processes, the author addresses how and why socially responsible buying comes about in organizations. The findings suggest that two factors have been key to the success of socially responsible buying initiatives. One factor is the presence of a skillful policy entrepreneur. Policy entrepreneurs are found to have many of the same characteristics as business entrepreneurs, but invest their resources in instituting new organizational policies. Their zeal for socially responsible buying is rooted in a commitment based on a complex and often difficult process of moral reasoning. The second factor influencing the success of socially responsible buying is the organizational context within which policy entrepreneurs operate. The author differentiates organizational contexts on the basis of whether the socially responsible buying is part of a deliberate corporate strategy and further classifies them through a framework and identifies themes observed across the contexts. Guidance is offered for vendors marketing socially responsible products and services.
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Foran, Tira, David Penton, Tarek Ketelsen, Emily Barbour, Nicola Grigg, Maheswor Shrestha, Louis Lebel, Hemant Ojha, Auro Almeida, and Neil Lazarow. "Planning in Democratizing River Basins: The Case for a Co-Productive Model of Decision Making." Water 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122480.
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We reflect on methodologies to support integrated river basin planning for the Ayeyarwady Basin in Myanmar, and the Kamala Basin in Nepal, to which we contributed from 2017 to 2019. The principles of Integrated Water Resources Management have been promoted across states and regions with markedly different biophysical and political economic conditions. IWRM-based river basin planning is complex, resource intensive, and aspirational. It deserves scrutiny to improve process and outcome legitimacy. We focus on the value of co-production and deliberation in IWRM. Among our findings: (i) multi-stakeholder participation can be complicated by competition between actors for resources and legitimacy; (ii) despite such challenges, multi-stakeholder deliberative approaches can empower actors and can be an effective means for co-producing knowledge; (iii) tensions between (rational choice and co-productive) models of decision complicate participatory deliberative planning. Our experience suggests that a commitment to co-productive decision-making fosters socially legitimate IWRM outcomes.
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Potgieter, A., K. A. April, R. J. E. Cooke, and M. Lockett. "Adaptive Bayesian agents: Enabling distributed social networks." South African Journal of Business Management 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v37i1.597.
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This article brings together two views of organisations: resource-based theories (RBT) and social network analysis (SNA). Resource-based theories stress the importance of tangible assets, as well as less tangible ones, in the competitive advantage and success of organisations. However, they provide little insight into how resources are brought together by an organisation to generate core competencies that provide a source of differentiation that cannot easily be reproduced or substituted. In contrast SNA provides insight into the complexity of organisations and the interaction between the people within them, taking account of uncertainty and complexity. However, neither perspective gives significant insight into how organisations evolve over time, and how their competitive position is sustained or eroded.Our view is that integrating these two perspectives gives deeper insight into the basis of competitive advantage, and how it can evolve over time. ‘Complementary resource combinations’ (CRCs), bundles of related resources, can provide a basis for differentiation but only when these are embedded in a complex web of social interactions specific to the organisation. The ‘socially-complex resource combinations’ (SRCs) enable competitive advantage that is not readily reproduced or substituted, and which evolves over time in an uncertain and complex way. They are the basis of distinctive organisational competencies that enable the organisation to be a player in the marketplace, and in some cases to sustain competitive advantage. To understand how competitive advantage can be sustained, it is necessary to understand how these SRCs evolve over time, based on the interactions in social networks. To do this, we use Bayesian networks and topic maps, making hidden social relationships tangible. We use dynamic agents to observe local and global behaviours to model the SRCs. In this, we use the concept of ‘agencies’ that are networks of individual agents and which can solve problems and adapt in ways that are too complex for individual agents. The article outlines how this approach can be used to model complex social networks over time, recognising uncertainty and complexity, hence giving the ability to predict changes that will occur in the SRCs.
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Feng, Kuo, Levent Altinay, and Hossein Olya. "Social well-being and transformative service research: evidence from China." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-10-2018-0294.
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Purpose This empirical study aims to investigate the influence of socially supportive services provided by commercial senior living services on older customers’ social well-being. This study seeks to test the moderating role of social connectedness on the above associations. It explores necessary conditions and causal recipes from the combination of interactions and social connectedness to predict customers’ social well-being. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 190 older customers residing in commercial senior living services in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenyang in China. The proposed structural and configurational models were tested using structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings The results of the model testing illustrate that peers have no influence on the social well-being of older customers. However, positive interactions with employees and outsiders are supportive resources that increase older customers’ social well-being. Social connectedness moderates the relationship between interaction with peers and the social well-being of customers. fsQCA results revealed that complex combinations of interactions and social connectedness predict social well-being. Interactions with employees, peers and outsiders appeared as necessary conditions to achieve social well-being. Originality/value This study provides evidence for how commercial senior living services can serve as a space to exchange socially supportive resources with employees and outsiders, which enhance older customers’ social well-being.
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Fredette, Christopher, and Ruth Sessler Bernstein. "Governance Effectiveness: The Interaction of Ethno-Racial Diversity and Social Capital." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 50, no. 4 (January 10, 2021): 816–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764020977698.
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This research examines the relationship among Board Diversity, Social Capital, and Governance Effectiveness by asking, “does board ethno-racial diversity moderate the relationship between Social Capital and Governance Effectiveness, and if so, how?” Exploring the direct and interacting effects of demographic diversity and Social Capital, and their relation to governing-group effectiveness using a two-sample field survey design, we illustrate whether heterogeneous or homogeneous group compositions amplify or attenuate Governance Effectiveness, and to what degree. Primary analyses find no support for Board Diversity moderating the Social Capital-Governance Effectiveness relationship, with secondary analysis revealing a more complex interaction for Governance Effectiveness, albeit inconsistently, across samples. Our investigation points to the value of social resources in understanding governance as an inherently socially complex activity or capability, predicated on truce or mutual agreement and shaped by the composition and connections of boards.
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Garcia-Bernabeu, A., J. V. Salcedo, A. Hilario, D. Pla-Santamaria, and Juan M. Herrero. "Computing the Mean-Variance-Sustainability Nondominated Surface by ev-MOGA." Complexity 2019 (December 11, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6095712.
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Despite the widespread use of the classical bicriteria Markowitz mean-variance framework, a broad consensus is emerging on the need to include more criteria for complex portfolio selection problems. Sustainable investing, also called socially responsible investment, is becoming a mainstream investment practice. In recent years, some scholars have attempted to include sustainability as a third criterion to better reflect the individual preferences of those ethical or green investors who are willing to combine strong financial performance with social benefits. For this purpose, new computational methods for optimizing this complex multiobjective problem are needed. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been recently used for portfolio selection, thus extending the mean-variance methodology to obtain a mean-variance-sustainability nondominated surface. In this paper, we apply a recent multiobjective genetic algorithm based on the concept of ε-dominance called ev-MOGA. This algorithm tries to ensure convergence towards the Pareto set in a smart distributed manner with limited memory resources. It also adjusts the limits of the Pareto front dynamically and prevents solutions belonging to the ends of the front from being lost. Moreover, the individual preferences of socially responsible investors could be visualised using a novel tool, known as level diagrams, which helps investors better understand the range of values attainable and the tradeoff between return, risk, and sustainability.
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Pashkevich, Olga. "Employment of labor resources in Belarus agriculture: structural-dynamic parameters, forecast trends." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.03.097.
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Employment of the working age population in various spheres of socially useful activity is an important area of socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus and a priority area of state regulation. As one of the most important macroeconomic indicators, employment combines social and economic indicators of the economic situation of society. The article presents the results of a study of employment of labor resources trends in agricultural sector of Belarus, an assessment of its current and forecast of future structural parameters. Along with this, the factors that determine these changes have been identified. It is concluded that the solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency and growth of the competitiveness of agricultural production largely depends on the extent to which the agricultural sector is provided with highly qualified and professionally competent workers who are able to master and implement scientific, technological and organizational, and economic innovations in production processes. Conceptual directions of effective management of the employment of labor resources in agro-industrial complex have been developed, taking into account the identified factors (demographic, organizational, technological, and socio-economic ones), and the scope and range of their influence. Suggestions and recommendations can be used to substantiate a new strategy for rural development, which is based on program activities aimed at perspective development of agricultural economy, and strengthening the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural production.
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Pashkevich, Olga. "Employment of labor resources in Belarus agriculture: structural-dynamic parameters, forecast trends." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.03.082.
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Employment of the working age population in various spheres of socially useful activity is an important area of socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus and a priority area of state regulation. As one of the most important macroeconomic indicators, employment combines social and economic indicators of the economic situation of society. The article presents the results of a study of employment of labor resources trends in agricultural sector of Belarus, an assessment of its current and forecast of future structural parameters. Along with this, the factors that determine these changes have been identified. It is concluded that the solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency and growth of the competitiveness of agricultural production largely depends on the extent to which the agricultural sector is provided with highly qualified and professionally competent workers who are able to master and implement scientific, technological and organizational, and economic innovations in production processes. Conceptual directions of effective management of the employment of labor resources in agro-industrial complex have been developed, taking into account the identified factors (demographic, organizational, technological, and socio-economic ones), and the scope and range of their influence. Suggestions and recommendations can be used to substantiate a new strategy for rural development, which is based on program activities aimed at perspective development of agricultural economy, and strengthening the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural production.
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French, Claire. "Facilitating departures from monolingual discourses." Applied Theatre Research 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/atr_00045_1.
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This article locates and critiques monolingual discourses within applied performance praxis in the United Kingdom and South Africa, suggesting starting points for facilitating multilingual actors’ vast linguistic resources. Set out as a theorized reflection of praxis, I interrogate how the facilitator can draw from actors’ linguistic resources without perpetuating dominant and potentially damaging language ideologies, by which I refer to the socially shared beliefs about language that shape and are shaped by language use. I discuss the powerful language ideologies connected to so-called ‘standard’ English and constructed by dominant institutions to discover how they are reproduced in performance praxis. I also analyse performance examples engaging complex linguistic conditions related to both student and refugee groups in the United Kingdom and South Africa to discuss varied facilitation approaches in context. Through my reflection, I reveal the complexities and opportunities for the facilitator navigating the socio-culturally and politically fraught terrain of language.
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Williams, David R. "Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 59, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146518814251.
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This article provides an overview of research on race-related stressors that can affect the mental health of socially disadvantaged racial and ethnic populations. It begins by reviewing the research on self-reported discrimination and mental health. Although discrimination is the most studied aspect of racism, racism can also affect mental health through structural/institutional mechanisms and racism that is deeply embedded in the larger culture. Key priorities for research include more systematic attention to stress proliferation processes due to institutional racism, the assessment of stressful experiences linked to natural or manmade environmental crises, documenting and understanding the health effects of hostility against immigrants and people of color, cataloguing and quantifying protective resources, and enhancing our understanding of the complex association between physical and mental health.
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Early, Margaret, and Bonny Norton. "Language learner stories and imagined identities." Narrative Inquiry 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.22.1.15ear.
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In seeking to better understand English language learners and their imagined identities, which is the central focus of our article, scholars have drawn extensively on the work of Norton and colleagues. This work has foregrounded the language learner as a participating social agent with complex and changing identities. It is this agentive sense of self that is linked, in narratives, to larger socio-cultural and historical social practices. Our interest here lies particularly in the effects of migration on language learners. With this in mind, we advocate that classroom communities be fostered wherein a range of narrative identities, as sense-making practices, are respectfully harnessed as resources for learners of diverse linguistic histories, to create more socially just and responsive “possible worlds”.
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Espejo, Raul. "Our Cyber-Systemic Future." International Journal of Systems and Society 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijss.2017010103.
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How can systems and cybernetics address the issues arising from an increasingly complex world, that often is beyond our traditional response capabilities? The author argues that to address such complexity we require imaginative propositions and innovative behaviours to see and address the inherently systemic nature of our world, which too often is fragmented by policies driven by non-systemic models. Socially, we live in a world experiencing systemic deficit; our policy responses are often fragmented, but even if they are not, socially designed responses fail to recognise environmental constraints and produce innovative allocations of requisite resources to make them happen. The author argues that conversational spaces, such as those offered by the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics [WOSC], and other cybersystemic associations, should help dealing with fragmentation and resources allocation; he sees these conversations as necessary contributions to redress our systemic deficit. Systemic thinking should help in visualising social situations as wholes, thus reducing the chances of dysfunctional fragmentation and cybernetics should help us understanding processes of dynamic stability in the interactions among and between people, institutions, and organizations. Systemic thinking should give us methodological tools; cybernetics should give us communication tools to manage the complexity of situations from the local to the global. The paper discusses complexity management strategies, emphasising the need to deal operationally with this complexity rather than cognitively; operational complexity is orders of magnitude larger than cognitive complexity. The paper ends up with an illustration of these complexity management strategies in higher education.
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DĂNILĂ, Ștefan. "ROMANIA'S DEFENCE CAPACITY, BETWEEN THE PROFESSIONAL ARMED FORCES AND THE TERRITORIAL FORCES." STRATEGIES XXI - National Defence College 1, no. 72 (July 15, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-5094-21-01.
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Defense planning is a particularly important topic, which implies an analysis of the international situation, a realistic assessment of its own national security system, whichinvolves medium- and long-term decisions. The allocation of resources should follow the defense policy established following a strategic analysis process, after the strategic objectivesand level of ambition have been established. The construction of military capabilities is complex, is carried out over time and requires the allocation of financial resources and apredictable and coherent human resource policy. Discontinuous reforms, or the alteration of decisions with opportunistic, conjuncture solutions, adversely affect future programs andproduce waste of financial and material resources, as well as social convulsions in human resources. The structure of forces on which the state's defense capacity is built must beincreasingly professional to have a timely and effective responsiveness, and the resilience capacity for national defense should be based on the mental and armed resilience of thepopulation in the case of temporary occupation of the national territory. Membership of NATO and the European Union increases resilience through the commitments of the two organizationsto support the restoration of Romania's territorial integrity in the event of military aggression. The increasingly technologically evolved human society requires a rethinking of thenational mobilization system, both in terms of human resources and in terms of the involvement of the resources of the national economy. Maintaining the functioning of critical infrastructure,operationalizing industrial facilities and maintaining the capacity to provide the material and financial resources needed for the war effort are particularly important, and the workforce inthese areas cannot be made available to complement military structures. Law enforcement and civil emergency forces will be engaged in the specific missions of each of them but may formbases of resistance in the case of national occupation. Participation in NATO and EU force structures must be in line with the force structure designed for national needs, renegotiated,realistically, in the medium and long term, with sustainable promises corresponding to common standards. Allocating a 2% defense budget is not the single and sufficient solution to achievinga credible and sustainable defense capability. Difficult, socially and politically impact corrective measures are needed, but any delay will produce increasing imbalances.Keywords: Defense planning, national defense, NATO, Romania, European Union
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Creese, Angela, and Adrian Blackledge. "Translanguaging and Identity in Educational Settings." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 35 (March 2015): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190514000233.
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ABSTRACTThis article reviews recent scholarship in language, identity, and education. It critically reflects on developments in sociolinguistics as researchers have engaged with the dynamics and complexity of communication in superdiverse societies where people from an increased number of territories come into contact with one another, and where people have access to an increased range of online resources for communication. The authors focus in particular on recent scholarship on “translanguaging,” examining research that has viewed identities as socially constructed in interaction and considering the relationship between language and identities in contexts where communication is mobile and complex. This article offers a critical summary of the implications of these developments for education in the 21st century. In order to illustrate these theoretical points, the authors present an empirical example of the performance of language and identity in education from their recent research.
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Gafter, Roey J. "Stylistic variation in Hebrew reading tasks." Language Ecology 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.00008.gaf.
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Abstract One of the core assumptions of the sociolinguistic interview methodology is that read speech tasks may be used to elicit more standard variants from a speaker. This link between reading and standardness, however, is a socially constructed relationship that may differ across cultures. Standard language ideologies in Israel differ from those in well-studied English speaking communities, and exhibit a complex tension between the notions of standardness and correctness. Drawing on a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of 21 Hebrew speakers, this paper analyzes the variation in two Hebrew morpho-phonological variables. The results show a pattern of use that differs from the cline typically observed, which suggests that Hebrew speakers have a specialized reading register that recruits distinctive stylistic resources. These findings highlight the nature of reading as a stylistic performance that may manifest differently according to local language ideologies.
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McKeever, Jennifer, and Dorothy Evans. "The Public Health Learning Network: Strengthening the Public Health Workforce of Today to Meet the Challenges of Tomorrow." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 3, no. 1_suppl (May 11, 2017): 13S—16S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379917691981.
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In 2013, the Health Resources & Services Administration redesigned the long-standing Public Health Training Center program to meet the training needs of the modern public health workforce and to implement parts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which sets the training, recruitment, and retention of public health workers as a priority. Understanding that today’s most significant public health threats are socially constructed, resulting in chronic disease and significant years of life lost, the Health Resources & Services Administration laid the groundwork for the creation of a nationally unified network of training centers—the Public Health Learning Network (PHLN). The PHLN is the nation’s most comprehensive system of public health educators, health experts, thought leaders, and practitioners working together to advance public health training and practice. The system comprises 10 regional public health training centers, 40 local performance sites, and a National Coordinating Center for Public Health Training. The PHLN strengthens the workforce in state, local, and tribal health departments, as well as community health centers and primary care settings, to improve the capacity of a broad range of public health personnel to meet the complex public health challenges of today and tomorrow.
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Zavatska, Nataliya, and Ulyana Mykhaylyshyn. "Adaptative Potential Students as Internal Resources Mastery Under Transformation of Society." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.1.117-125.
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The article shows that the specificity of a holistic personality adjustment process in social systems is not confined only because of the peculiarities of its elements, such as the personal maturity, changes in the social conditions of the environment, and is determined by the interaction of structural components of the adaptive capacity of the individual. This maladjustment of one of these components will inevitably impact on the integrity of the individual adaptation process. It was determined that based on the analysis of the structural components of adaptation of the person (socially adapted situation, social need for adaptive, adaptive psychological need) there is the need to clarify the role of each of these components in the process of adaptation of the person. In the context of investigations under the holistic process of social adaptation of personality in social systems we mean active mutual adaptation of the individual and the social environment to each other in order to create a harmonious cooperation for the effective functioning of the individual in these social systems. Violation of this process or the implementation of its social disapproved or antisocial ways leads to the violation of the integrity of the adaptation process and it flows in unacceptable forms of society. It is emphasized that social exclusion leads to disruption of the socialization process, reflected in the increasing complexity of learning and the use of social roles, values and attitudes. In accordance with the social work we should pay attention to the replacement of anti-social norms, values and attitudes to prosocial. This process we treat as a social reinsertion - purposefully organized restructuring of the moral and valuable personality and behavioral areas that promotes the formation of social and value orientations and behavior. It was stated that the whole process of social adaptation of the person can provide awareness and reflection of environmental changes in the social systems of the environment; activity of the person in the regulation of adaptive capacity; transformation of adaptive capacity into more complex and sophisticated forms of interaction with the surrounding reality
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Braginsky, Oleg. "Optimizing the consolidated budget of the development Program for a diversified industrial complex." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 57, no. 3 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880016412-2.
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In a situation of economic downturn, complicated by COVID-19 pandemic, which has covered many countries in the world, including Russia, it is necessary to choose ways to ensure more or less sustainable economic growth. The condition in the Russian chemical complex is analyzed. The choice of the chemical complex as one of the priority ways of the Russian economic development has been substantiated. A conditional long-term development Program for the Russian chemical complex is worked out. This Program takes into account the shortcomings of fragmented government measures for the development of chemical and petrochemical industries. It is argued that the implementation of the Program will allow increasing the domestic supply for high-value-added hydrocarbon products, generally contributing to the reduction of the raw material share of Russian exports. The authors' earlier research to optimize structure of the development program for a large industrial complex in conditions of limited resources is developed. In particular, an approach to the choice of the optimal structure of the development program`s budget, consisting of such sources of financing as assignments from the national budget, private capital, long-term credits, as well as reinvested profit from investment projects participating in the Program is proposed. The results of economic and mathematical modeling and computer experimentation for optimizing structure of this Program`s consolidated budget, which make it possible to significantly improve its target indicators, as well as to involve socially significant low-profit investment projects of small and medium-sized businesses, are presented.
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Janson, P. Krist. "Closing gender gaps in forest landscape initiatives." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829523925.
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Recent research evidence shows that women and men often have different knowledge, capabilities, interests and roles in the management of forest landscapes and use of forest resources. The importance of examining the intersection of gender issues in forest landscapes with other socially differentiating factors such as ethnicity, age, poverty, and vulnerability has also been emphasized. This paper reviews how gender issues are being incorporated in forest-based investment projects, programmes and policies by various international organizations and governments in many countries, with a focus on activities and actions. It finds there is a wide range of gender-responsive forest landscape investments that can be considered by those wishing to contribute to and catalyse results on multiple sustainable development goals. By synthesizing and categorizing these actions, this paper offers inspiration and practical, concrete ideas on how to link knowledge with action in the context of this complex challenge.
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Anasiru, Rahmat Hanif. "ANALISIS SPASIAL DALAM KLASIFIKASI LAHAN KRITIS DI KAWASAN SUB-DAS LANGGE GORONTALO." Informatika Pertanian 25, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ip.v25n2.2016.p261-272.
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<p>Watershed (DAS) is a complex ecosystem, where land quality is largely determined by land use activities. This illustrates the importance of analytical procedure, especially where the context in which the spatial pattern of land use in the future can be designed based on the risk of degradation in large areas. Data and information are necessary to be used as reference in designing a planning scheme related to land use. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a system that has the ability to analyze problems and their spatial and non-spatial combinations (queries) in order to provide solutions to spatial problems. Sustainable farming is an integral part of sustainable development, a farming system which preserves water resources, land resources, and plant resources in acceptable and suitable ways economically, socially, and environmentally. The research aimed to identify and classify critical land by spatial analysis. Based on identification of land, there were 12 individual units in the study area. Based on the spatial analysis, critical land classification was divided into not critical area of 1,818 ha (28.7.%), Potentially Critical 2,596 ha (41.06%), Moderately critical 1,631 ha (25.08%), Critical 226 ha (3.57 %). Most of the land in sub-basin Langge was a hilly area of 1180.6 ha (63.8%) with a slope of 12-25%; 25-40% and above 40%. Alternative farm management in this area was a conservation farm by mechanical conservation techniques (terraces) or vegetative with cultivation techniques hallway, living fences, grass strips and agroforestry.</p>
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Cronin, Anne M. "The secrecy−transparency dynamic: A sociological reframing of secrecy and transparency for public relations research." Public Relations Inquiry 9, no. 3 (May 24, 2020): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x20920800.
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This article offers a sociological account of how we might analyse the relationship between contemporary practices and discourses of secrecy on the one hand, and those of transparency on the other hand. While secrecy is often framed in popular and political discourses as the antithesis of transparency, in reality, their relationship is more complex and co-constitutive than may initially appear. The article argues that understanding the interface between secrecy and transparency as a socially embedded dynamic can offer public relations scholarship productive avenues for both theoretically oriented research and empirical studies. In its role in the management of the secrecy−transparency dynamic, PR plays a significant role in actively creating social relations. This article aims to provide resources for assessing the strength of this dynamic in acting to structure social, political and economic relations, and offers new perspectives on how techniques employed to manage the secrecy–transparency dynamic – including public relations – are both embedded in such relations and act to shape them.
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Lung, Jane. "Interdiscursivity in Public Relations Communication: Appropriation of Genre and Genre Resources." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 27, no. 54 (December 22, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i54.22945.
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<p>Undoubtedly, in recent years, the world as a whole, as well as the present world of work, has seen rapid changes which have served to bring about fundamental changes to work practices. Employees and trainers are thus facing greater challenges to achieve the required competency needed in this changing workplace environment. Bhatia (2013) observes that while the analyses of legal discourse have focused largely on ‘discursive practices’, very little effort has been given to studying ‘critical performance’ in professional legal practices, which is distinct from discursive practices. For this reason, this paper aims to show why discursive output has proved insufficient in the dynamic and complex discourse world of the present day workplace, as well as how the application of Critical Genre Analysis (CGA) greatly assists our understanding of it. By using critical genre theory, this paper looks more closely at interdiscursivity in public relations (PR) involving professional communication and how this in turn results in greater understanding of the changing workplace environment of the PR profession and helps individual PR practitioners cope with the challenges that they face. To achieve these aims, this study includes (i) in-depth interviews with public relations practitioners to gain their perceptions of their daily activities and the language and communication skills required by public relations practitioners to improve their effective professional communication, and (ii) critical genre analysis of the production of PR/communication plans, in particular, the Executive Summary and the Situation Analysis Section of the plans, to show the interaction between discursive and professional practices in the “socio-pragmatic space” of public relations contexts and how interdiscursivity is built into PR genres. For example, in order to examine the appropriation of genre and genre resources, it is interesting to consider: (i) in what way the Executive Summary of the PR/communication plans satisfies the requirements of sales promotional materials, and (ii) how in a very subtle manner, promotional elements are incorporated in the Situation Analysis Section, resulting in a mixed and embedded genre and discourse, achieving a mixture of communicative purposes in the communicative context: to report and to recommend communicative actions as well as to achieve ‘private intentions’ within the context of ‘socially recognized communicative purposes’ (Bhatia 2002).</p>
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Morita, Emi. "Japanese two-year-olds’ spontaneous participation in storytelling activities as social interaction." Research on Children and Social Interaction 3, no. 1-2 (August 29, 2019): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/rcsi.37312.
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The present study observes the very early stages of children’s storytelling activities in order to investigate how children younger than 3 years old participate in this socially complex activity at a time when both their linguistic and their interactional repertoires are still less than fully developed. Child language acquisition research has reported that children become skilful with narratives around 4 or 5 years of age, and suggests that younger children’s ability to talk about past experience is relatively underdeveloped before that time, when they are still generally poor at providing orientating information about who, when and where. Drawing upon a corpus of naturally occurring interactions in Japanese, my analysis of children’s spontaneous storytelling reveals that despite their limited linguistic resources, 2-year-old children’s participation in storytelling activities are skilfully organized into particular participation frameworks by using the various resources that are presently available to them. This paper thus argues that children’s competence in supplying specific information in their storytelling is not just a function of their developmental trajectory, but is also heavily influenced by the interactional environment that they find themselves in and motivated by the knowledge statuses of themselves and others. It shows conclusively, too, that some 2-year-old children are already quite capable in initiating or in participating in storytelling activity without the adult provision of a scaffolding for content.
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Liadova, A. V. "Social inequality and health: the historical and sociological study." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 27, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 36–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-1-36-71.
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The article examines the main research approaches to the category of “social inequality in health”. The author points out that this term, which reflects one of the topical areas of scientific discourse, has been involved into the studies relatively recently, up the second half of the XXth century. It has became the subject under study when scientific interest to the health problems was started among researchers. Used the historical-comparative approach and the qualitative analysis method of publications devoted to the problem of social inequality in health, the author highlights the main stages, approaches and directions of its study in foreign and domestic research fields. Based on their typology, this study shows that social inequality in health is considered as a complex phenomenon determined by various factors, which are considered as key causes of differences in health status among the population. Taking this argument into consideration, the author proposes an integrative approach that is found on the definition of health as a complex, socially conditioned, dynamic construct formed in the process of the combined influence of various factors which improve or worse its condition. As it is pointed out by the author within the framework of this approach, social inequality in health is considered as a complex social phenomenon determined by the peculiarities of the functioning of social institutions and the distribution of resources within the framework of the existing stratification model of society, the influence of which is dynamic and determined by specific historical conditions.
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Taguchi, Naoko. "Contexts and pragmatics learning: Problems and opportunities of the study abroad research." Language Teaching 51, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444815000440.
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Despite different epistemologies and assumptions, all theories in second language (L2) acquisition emphasize the centrality of context in understanding L2 acquisition. Under the assumption that language emerges from use in context, the cognitivist approach focuses on distributions and properties of input to infer both learning objects and process of acquisition. The interactionist approach views context more narrowly by analyzing how a particular linguistic item is attended and processed during a task-based interaction, and how it becomes intake as learning outcomes. For socially-oriented theories such as the sociocultural theory and language socialization, learning is fundamentally situated in context. Through mediated participation in learning as social practice, learners come to appropriate linguistic knowledge. Context is also fundamental in the complex, dynamic systems theory, which views learning as a non-linear, adaptive process emerging through an interaction of resources and individuals within a given context. All of these theories give the central power to context to describe and explain L2 learning. Context serves as the site where acquisition is examined. Context also helps explain the process and outcomes of acquisition.
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Axelsson, Robert. "Integrative Research and Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production: A Review of Barriers and Bridges." Journal of Landscape Ecology 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0025-0.
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Integrative Research and Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production: A Review of Barriers and BridgesContemporary policies about use of natural resources clearly pronounce sustainable development towards the goal sustainability as a focal objective. A key challenge for research is to support improvements and management by evaluation of sustainability policy implementation, i.e. outcomes on the ground and the social process in actual landscapes. However, while a landscape consists of integrated social and ecological subsystems and should thus be treated as a holistic unit or system, most research and postgraduate training is disciplinary. This means that very few researchers are equipped to solve problems or contribute to solutions in the non-academic world. There is thus a need for universities to learn integrative (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) research and knowledge production that meets complex challenges related to sustainable development and sustainability issues as for example management and governance of natural resources. In this paper I review the background, concepts and the barriers and bridges to integrative research and knowledge production. As a base for evaluation and development of integrative research projects I propose a normative model for integrative knowledge production processes. This was done through a literature review and a study of an integrative research project. I discuss how transdisciplinary research about landscapes and to solve complex sustainability issues can be designed, viz. (1) there is a need for a common understanding of different types of integrative research, (2) an outspoken aim to develop socially robust knowledge, (3) a model for transdisciplinary collaborative learning processes, and (4) a funding scheme that include academic and non-academic participants and matches the long process of partnership building during the full knowledge production process, from problem identification/definition to an improvement or a management solution.
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Kibakin, M., and S. Grishaeva. "The current problems of the digital reflection of social reality: rethinking scientific concepts." Digital Sociology 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-347x-2019-1-4-9.
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Need of new reading of sociological concepts of society of risk, network society, complex society and different scientific views on modern society in relation to process of an institutionalization of digital sociology as special sociological theory, subject matter and special methodology of knowledge of digital reality has been substantiated. Methodological approaches to use of the principles, the ideas and categories of various schools of sciences, groups of erudite and certain representatives of sociological science to development of the conceptual and categorial device, methodical potential and tools of digital sociology have been adduced. Special attention has been paid to the consideration of the concept of social network of the American sociologist Richard Mark Emerson in the context of digitalization. From positions of the concept of Richard Mark Emerson emergence of new dependences of users of Internet network on special category of subjects socially of interaction – moderators, administrators, owners of resources, the controlling public authorities and also manipulators of people’s attention has been explained; the specific motivation, which reveals itself in such phenomena as hypertrophied aspiration to the self-presentation (“selfie”, etc.); representation of the distorted virtual image for communications, hyperactivity in the appeal to various resources (“Internet surfing”) and also prevalence of motivators and estimated means – anonymous comments, “likes”, posts, reposts, symbolical encouragement and awards. Besides that, the behavior of Internet users has been considered in the context of the theory of the rational choice of the American sociologist James S. Coleman: at all risks of virtual interaction, the choice for integration of social communications into digital space, use of Internet resources for satisfaction of personal and group needs brings more vital benefits for people, than folding of social activity in the Internet network.
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Khukhlaev, O. E., and V. A. Shorokhova. "Research on Religious Identity of Orthodoxy Youth." Social Psychology and Society 7, no. 2 (2016): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2016070203.
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The article represents the results of socio-psychological research of Orthodox youth religious identity. The research was carried out in the city of Smolensk, Russian Federation, on 261 respondents, high school pupils (9—10th grades. According to the models of G. Allport and R. Gorsuch & S. E. McPherson, the religious identity as a complex socio-psychological concept contains 4-factor structure basing on personal- social and inner-outer scales but doesn’t seem to be a simple Orthodox affiliation. Different components of the religious identity are studied through their connection with value orientations (according to S. Schwartz). To study the religious identity and value orientations we used the adapted version of 32 items questionnaire based on Individual / Social Religious Identity Measure by D. Van Camp and S. Schwartz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-R2). Almost all values connected with religious identity components seem to be socially motivated. It can be said that contemporary Orthodox youth religious identity is figured out to possess a pronounced social character. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (project № 15-06-10843 «Religious identity risks and resources in present-day Russia: cross-cultural analysis»).
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Alhusban, Ahmad A., Safa A. Alhusban, and Yamen N. Al-Betawi. "Assessing the impact of urban Syrian refugees on the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 2/3 (September 6, 2019): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on the residential urban fabric of Al Mafraq city physically and socially. Physically means regarding architectural style and socially means regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Therefore, the research questions are: What are the main source of tensions between the urban Syrian refugees and Al Mafraq host community that hinders the social cohesion? And what is the impact of the urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city socially and architecturally? Design/methodology/approach Different research methods were used to explore and provide a rich description of the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially. Desk reviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were used to explore the social impact of the Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city. In addition, a qualitative comparative analysis was used to explore their impact on architectural style and urban sprawl. Findings The results show that changes have occurred on the character of the residential environment resulting in a conversion about the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city both physically, in regard to architectural style, and socially, regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Physically, the city suffers from a decline in the uniformity of the built environment, resulting in a partial loss of its identity as a homogenous place with calm, cohesive residential neighborhoods. On the other hand, the social fabric of the city is losing its homogeneity and solidarity, causing a decline in the sense of community, social cohesion and levels of trust, and a rise in the social tension leading to severe conflicts among community members. Practical implications The different stakeholders should express high concern for the different sources of tensions between the urban Syrian refugee and Al Mafraq host community. They should foster formal and informal communication and promote dialogue between the two communities to improve social relations and reduce the tension between them. The consequences of Syrian asylum on hosting countries present an issue that has been vastly studied by several scholars and international agencies. Research, reports and surveys all denote the negative impact of refugees, especially in cases where resources are scarce, as is the case with Jordan. As a part of such consequences, Al Mafraq city is moving in the wrong direction as a result of the increasing flow of refugees. Originality/value The current discourse about the influence of urban refugees on social and architectural style among host communities lacks veracity. Therefore, the significance of this research is offering an alternative academic view to enrich current knowledge and encourage further discourse research about urban refugees. In addition, this research is a comprehensive and double focused, not just on social inclusion and tensions but on urban environment and architecture. This research is useful for architects, urban designers and planners, sociologists, policymakers and humanitarian and peace-building practitioners in the urban non-camp complex emergency setting.
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Milnor, Jacob R., Clarice Silva Santana, Alexander J. Martos, Jose Henrique Pilotto, and Claudia Teresa Viera de Souza. "Utilizing an HIV community advisory board as an agent of community action and health promotion in a low-resource setting: a case-study from Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Global Health Promotion 27, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975919854045.
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Introduction: Brazil’s HIV burden has greatly increased over the past decade, especially for socially marginalized and vulnerable groups such as adolescents, women, and men who have sex with men. The reasoning for worsening HIV outcomes is complex, but ongoing economic and political crises have placed extreme operational and financial burdens on both the public health system and HIV-related civil society, affecting both treatment and prevention efforts and delivery. Context: Community-based HIV-related health-promotion activities have continued in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, despite these setbacks. These efforts have been led by a semi-independent community advisory board and engagement group based at the Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu with support from researchers based at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Methods: The research team supported, documented, and participated in various activities led by the community advisory board and engagement group from 2017–2018 including meetings, community workshops/lectures, production of health promotion materials, and the dissemination of research findings. Results: The research team utilized the concepts of vernacular knowledge and critical pedagogy to describe and document the ongoing, bottom-up approach, community-led efforts of the community advisory board and engagement group. In particular, we describe the process of stakeholder engagement, popularization of research results, and resource sharing spearheaded by the community advisory board in Nova Iguaçu. Conclusion: The community advisory board demonstrates how community-led efforts are essential to HIV and AIDS response efforts in light of worsening HIV burdens and global shifts towards biomedicalization. Their HIV-related activities rely on existing community networks and resources with secondary support from a research team. This illustrates a key intervention point between traditional research and an empowering community mobilization that can inform similar efforts in other low-resource settings.
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Ганиева, Альбина, and Albina Ganieva. "Problems of children´s social tourism in Crimea." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2015): 78–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7922.
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In this article the authors present concept of shared children´s tourism and children´s social tourism, considered systemic problems in the functioning of children´s sanatorium and health institutions of the Crimea. First, the authors provided a retrospective analysis of the formation and the scope of children´s social tourism in Crimea how the economic transformation is conducted in provision of social support for children´s health in a command and market economic systems. Substantiated are the factors affecting the crisis state of institutions of child health improvement: the processes of privatization of property of children´s health institutions, lack of budget financing of government programs to improve the health of children from socially disadvantaged groups, the decline in the quality of children´s health. The article highlights directions of the long-term prospects for the development of children´s health resorts of Crimea related to the development of children´s tourism in the tourism industry in Russia. As in the federal programme of support for rehabilitation of children argued, there should be the establishment of the state order for recreation system and financial support for children´s health institutions. The authors note trends in the development of children´s health centers of Crimea in the following directions: wider specialization, existing health centers, taking into account changes in the structure of child populations, comprehensive treatment. To create control systems of functioning and development for the recreational and tourist complex, which are formed within the administrative-territorial formations, there should be introduced the following elements: resource componentsof recreational potential (natural, human, financial, material, technological, informational), organizational and legal support of the form of ownership in the recreation and tourism complex, including the relationship arising in the course of ownership, management, exchange of different categories of resources, state regulation of processes in the system of children´s health institutions.
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Korolenko, V. "Substantiation of the Сontemporary Сomplex Functional-Organizational Model of the Dermatovenerologic Service of Ukraine." Lviv clinical bulletin 4, no. 32 (October 19, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/lkv2020.04.054.
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Introduction. The health of the population and everyone is one of the greatest values of our state. The transformation of the domestic healthcare sector is a key area of its socio-political and economic development. The problems of socially significant specialized medical services, one of which is the dermatovenereologic service play an important role. Priority areas for counteracting the spread of socially dangerous diseases of dermatovenereologic profile are defined by World Health Organization strategic documents, which reflect the full range of services for patients with sexually transmitted infections and public health, taking into account the principle of universal coverage of health services. Development of dermatovenereology service in Ukraine in accordance with the priorities of state policy, United Nations sustainable development goals for 2016–2030, European Union policy requires improvement of this service taking into account the existing challenges and threats, development and implementation of its effective science-based functional and organizational model. The aim of the study. Improvement of dermatovenereologic service by substantiation of modern complex functional-organizational model. Materials and methods. Methods of system and process approach, bibliosemantic, medical-statistical, structural-logical analysis, modeling of policies of introduction of changes in dermatovenereologic service are used. Results. The principles and measures of counteraction to socially significant and socially dangerous dermatovenereologic pathology are substantiated, which are determined on the basis of the results of analysis of its prevalence, real state of struggle against it and taking into account provisions of strategic documents of state and international levels. A functional and organizational model of the dermatovenereologic service has been developed, which provides for an interdisciplinary, intersectoral and interdisciplinary approach to the development of the dermatovenereologic service, involving existing, improved and completely new structural elements (sexually transmitted infections units in public health centers, remote health units in regional dermatovenereologic centers, a body of professional self-government) in order to rationally coordinate the various links in the provision of medical care to dermatovenereologic patients. These structural elements ensure the performance of basic functions: management, coordination, logistics, information and analytical, training and management of personnel, scientific support, medical care, professional self-government, communication. The model was developed based on the results of the analysis of opinion polls of dermatovenereologists, patients and healthcare managers. The implementation of the model will allow optimizing the use of resources of the service and the healthcare system in general; improve the quality, efficiency and availability of dermatovenereologic care. Expert evaluation of the proposed model showed its innovativeness and compliance with the principles of complexity and continuity in the provision of medical care. Conclusions. The proposed conceptual functional and organizational model of dermatovenereologic service has a preventive focus, based on the principles of complexity, intersectoral and multidisciplinary approaches, patient-centeredness, scientific, high-tech, which can provide quality, affordable and effective prevention, diagnostics and treatment.
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Khavarian-Garmsir, Amir Reza, Ayyoob Sharifi, and Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi. "The Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Ridesourcing Services: A Literature Review." Future Transportation 1, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 268–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1020016.
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The proliferation of ridesourcing services has raised both hopes and concerns about their role in cities. The impacts of ridesourcing services are complex and multi-faceted. Through reviewing the literature, this study aims to identify the social, economic, and environmental impacts of these services and highlight opportunities and challenges that lay ahead of them for resolving issues related to urban transportation. According to the results, ridesourcing services offer safe modes of transport that provide convenient mobility options, improve transit availability in disadvantaged and remote areas, and respond to taxi demand fluctuations. They can create new job opportunities by employing new human resources that have not been used before, provide flexible working hours for drivers, and are more efficient than taxi cabs. These services provide other opportunities to extend or complement public transit, reduce car ownership and congestion, and minimize parking supply. However, they are criticized for unfair competition with traditional taxis, limited compliance with social legislation, and lack of affordability. They are not available in all places and exclude some vulnerable and socially disadvantaged groups. Labor rights are not secure in this industry, and driver income is not stable. Finally, there is also evidence showing that, in some cases, they contribute to the growth of VMT, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and congestion in cities.
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Доскалиева, Б. Б., А. С. Байдалинова, B. Doskalieva, and A. Baidalinova. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AS THE BASIS OF FOOD SECURITY IN KAZAKHSTAN." Вестник Казахского университета экономики, финансов и международной торговли, no. 3(40) (September 25, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52260/2304-7216.2020.3(40).4.
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В современных условиях развитие агропромышленного комплекса, включающего материальные, финансовые и трудовые ресурсы, является крайне важным для продовольственной безопасности государства. Агропромышленный комплекс Республики Казахстан, в который входит сельское хозяйство и переработка продуктов питания, является основным поставщиком продовольствия населению страны и от его успешной деятельности напрямую зависит состояние продовольственной безопасности Казахстана. Целью исследования данной статьи является раскрытие роли, значения АПК для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности Казахстана, выявление зависимости производства продуктов питания от различных факторов, на основе использования методов математического моделирования – корреляционно-регрессионного анализа. Объектом исследования в данной статье выступает АПК Казахстана. В статье рассмотрено влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства следующих факторов: субсидии, инвестиции в основной капитал, объем кредитования, уровень активности в области инновации, уровня занятости в сельском хозяйстве. Выявлено, что наибольшее влияние на объем выпуска продукции сельского хозяйства оказывает государственная поддержка АПК в форме финансового инструмента - субсидирования и инвестиций в основной капитал сельского хозяйства. Показано, что наметилась отрицательная тенденция в развитии сельского хозяйства и АПК Казахстана, как отток трудовых ресурсов из отрасли из-за низкой заработной платы. Авторы пришли к выводу, что пока в АПК Казахстана не будет обеспечен достаточный приток инвестиций с целью реализации масштабной модернизации и реконструкции сельскохозяйственного производства, техническое и технологическое отставание будет сохранено в промышленности, следовательно, проблема повышения конкурентоспособности данной отрасли будет особенно реальной. В результате авторы предлагают в дальнейшем в качестве совершенствования государственной политики в сфере развития АПК осуществлять меры активной государственной поддержки АПК, не нарушающих правила ВТО, разработать программы адресной продовольственной помощи социально-незащищенных слоев населения. In modern conditions, the development of the agro-industrial complex, including material, financial and labor resources, is extremely important for the food security of the state. The agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which includes agriculture and food processing, is the main supplier of food to the population of the country and the state of food security of Kazakhstan directly depends on its successful activity. The purpose of this article is to disclose the role, significance of the agro-industrial complex for ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, identifying the dependence of food production on various factors, based on the use of mathematical modeling methods – correlation and regression analysis. The object of research in this article is the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The article examines the impact on the volume of agricultural output of the following factors: subsidies, investments in fixed assets, the volume of lending, the level of activity in the field of innovation, the level of employment in agriculture. It was revealed that the state support of the agro-industrial complex in the form of a financial instrument – subsidies and investments in fixed assets of agriculture – has the greatest impact on the volume of agricultural production. It is shown that there has been a negative trend in the development of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, as an outflow of labor resources from the industry due to low salary. The authors came to the conclusion that until a sufficient inflow of investments is ensured in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan in order to implement large-scale modernization and reconstruction of agricultural production, the technical and technological lag will remain in the industry, therefore, the problem of increasing the competitiveness of this industry will be especially real. As a result, the authors propose, in the future, to improve the state policy in the field of agro-industrial complex development, to implement measures of active state support for the agro-industrial complex that do not violate the WTO (World Trade Organization) rules, to develop programs for targeted food assistance to socially unprotected segments of the population.
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Basili, Roberto, Danilo Croce, and Giuseppe Castellucci. "Dynamic polarity lexicon acquisition for advanced Social Media analytics." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 9 (January 1, 2017): 184797901774491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979017744916.
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Social media analytics tool aims at eliciting information and knowledge about individuals and communities, as this emerges from the dynamics of interpersonal communications in the social networks. Sentiment analysis (SA) is a core component of this process as it focuses onto the subjective levels of this knowledge, including the agreement/rejection, the perception, and the expectations by which individual users socially evolve in the network. Analyzing user sentiments thus corresponds to recognize subjective opinions and preferences in the texts they produce in social contexts, gather collective evidence across one or more communities, and trace some inferences about the underlying social phenomena. Automatic SA is a complex process, often enabled by hand-coded dictionaries, called polarity lexicons, that are intended to capture the a priori emotional aspects of words or multiword expressions. The development of such resources is an expensive, and, mainly, language and task-dependent process. Resulting polarity lexicons may be inadequate at fully covering Social Media phenomena, which are intended to capture global communities. In the area of SA over Social Media, this article presents an unsupervised and language independent method for inducing large-scale polarity lexicons from a specific but representative medium, that is, Twitter. The model is based on a novel use of Distributional Lexical Semantics methodologies as these are applied to Twitter. Given a set of heuristically annotated messages, the proposed methodology transfers the known sentiment information of subjective sentences to individual words. The resulting lexical resource is a large-scale polarity lexicon whose effectiveness is measured with respect to different SA tasks in English, Italian, and Arabic. Comparison of our method with different Distributional Lexical Semantics paradigms confirms the beneficial impact of our method in the design of very accurate SA systems in several natural languages.
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Alam, Rizwana, and Jon C. Lovett. "Prospects of Public Participation in the Planning and Management of Urban Green Spaces in Lahore: A Discourse Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 3387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123387.
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Green spaces in cities are under pressure from increasing population, urbanization, and development, making governance of these common pool resources a complex and multi-dimensional process. Governance of urban green spaces can be improved by participatory approaches. However, many developing countries do not have the institutional structures and policies that promote the participation of a range of non-state actors, and green spaces are often removed from public access by regulatory slippage or elite capture for parks and gardens. This paper uses discourse analysis to explore the perspectives of the key stakeholders for public participation in the planning and management of green spaces in Lahore. The study employs Q-methodology to reveal four discourses: ‘Efficient Management’, ‘Anti/Pro-Administrative’, ‘Leadership and Capacity building’, and ‘Decentralization or Elite capture’. The most significant and dominant discourse of ‘Efficient Management’ shows stakeholders’ preferences towards developing new institutional arrangements at the local level through engaging citizens. The two discourses ‘Leadership and Capacity building’ and ‘decentralization or elite capture’ are also in favor of changing the power dynamics in the system at certain levels by using different strategies. However, the status quo-oriented administrative discourse serves as a barrier, resisting change at any level. The results of this study suggest a need for policy reforms to develop a conducive environment in which all the stakeholders can be engaged through different collaborative and co-management schemes, in order to achieve economically efficient, ecologically sustainable and socially equitable, urban green spaces in Lahore.
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Salonen, Anna Sofia. "Lining up for charity." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 3/4 (April 11, 2017): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2015-0110.
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Purpose Recent decades have witnessed a rise in food charity provided by faith-based and other charitable agencies. Previous research has noted that besides material assistance, these occasions provide a social and communal event for many participants. The purpose of this paper is to examine this notion by exploring how the social organization of breadlines contributes to the social relationships between the food recipients and their experiences of these places as communities, and what qualities these communities eventually develop. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on ethnographic data from four breadlines in one Finnish city. The study approaches the breadlines as queues, that is, social systems that govern waiting, mutual order and access. Findings The social organization of queue practices mirrors the users’ experiences of the breadlines as communities with many concurrent faces: as communities of mutual surveillance and as demanding communities that call for skills and resources from the participants, as well as socially significant communities. The findings show how the practices of organizing charitable assistance influence the complex social relationships between charitable giver and recipient, and how the food recipients accommodate themselves to the situations and social roles available on a given occasion. Originality/value Analysing breadlines as queues and using qualitative data from the everyday assistance events gives voice to the experiences of food charity recipients and allows a more nuanced picture to be painted of the breadline communities than studies based merely on surveys or interviews.
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MINAT, V. N. "EVOLUTION OF THE USA HEALTHCARE: EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY, QUALITY AND ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 16, no. 3 (2021): 200–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2021-16-3-200-234.
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The relevance of the study of the evolution of the socially significant sphere of the United States of America, located at the point of bifurcation of socio-economic development, one way or another concerns the entire global community. The main aim of the study is to identify trends in the evolution of American health care in terms of ensuring the effectiveness, safety, quality and accessibility of medical services. Its achievement is based on the traditional methodological basis of statistical and economic analysis of the average annual growth of the main indicators of the development of American health care during the formation of its modern organizational-functional structure in 1951-2020. The results obtained reflect the general direction of the evolution of the USA health care as a haphazard complex mechanism functioning in direct resonance with socio-economic cyclicality. Identified trends in the evolution of healthcare in the context of the extraordinary commercialization of medicine and insurance dependence of patients on market conditions. Analysis of long-term development indicators of the USA health care dynamics reveals rather low results of permanent reforms of national health care due to the adjustment of their parameters and indicators to the existing concept of free market relations in the relevant market of medical goods and services. The limitation of the market mechanism in the use of potential resources of American health care, which is generally provided with both financial and innovative and technological potential, is revealed.
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Kiely, Bridget, Patrick O'Donnell, Vivienne Byers, Emer Galvin, Fiona Boland, Susan M. Smith, Deirdre Connolly, Eamon O'Shea, and Barbara Clyne. "Protocol for a mixed methods process evaluation of the LinkMM randomised controlled trial “Use of link workers to provide social prescribing and health and social care coordination for people with complex multimorbidity in socially deprived areas”." HRB Open Research 4 (April 19, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13258.1.
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Background Multimorbidity, defined as two or more chronic conditions is increasing in prevalence and is associated with increased health care use, fragmented care and poorer health outcomes. Link workers are non-health or social care professionals who support people to connect with resources in their community to improve their well-being, a process commonly referred to as social prescribing. The use of link workers in primary care may be an effective intervention in helping those with long‐term conditions manage their illness and improve health and well‐being, but the evidence base in limited. The LinkMM study is a randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of link workers based in primary care, providing social prescribing and health and social care coordination for people with multimorbidity. The aim of the LinkMM process evaluation is to investigate the implementation of the link worker intervention, mechanisms of impact and influence of the specific context on these, as per the Medical Research Council framework, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods Quantitative data will be gathered from a number of sources including researcher logbooks, participant baseline questionnaires, client management database, and will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Semi structured interviews with participants will investigate their experiences of the intervention. Interviews with link workers, practices and community stakeholders will explore how the intervention was implemented and barriers and facilitators to this. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts will be conducted. Discussion The process evaluation of the LinkMM trial will provide important information allowing a more in-depth understanding of how the intervention worked and lessons for future wider scale implementation.
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Clarke, Philippa J., and Jessica M. Finlay. "CAN NEIGHBORHOOD AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS MODIFY COGNITIVE DECLINE? FINDINGS FROM THE REGARDS STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.100.
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Abstract Environmental factors may significantly increase the risk of, or buffer against, age-related cognitive decline, yet policies and practices to improve cognitive health outcomes to date largely overlook the role of neighborhoods and socio-physical environmental contexts. Residence in socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods may promote cognitive function through greater density of physical and social resources (e.g., libraries, parks, coffee shops, air conditioning, community centers) that promote physical activity, facilitate mental stimulation, and encourage social engagement. This symposium will identify natural, built, and social environmental factors linked to changes in cognitive function over time (assessed by animal naming and world list learning tests) based on secondary data analyses of a national, racially diverse (42% Black), population-based sample of over 30,000 Americans aged 45+ in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study followed annually since 2003. The first two papers investigate the roles of racial residential segregation and education on cognitive function disparities at the neighborhood and city scale. The third paper explores fast-food restaurants as socially interactive community spaces for older adults that may help buffer against cognitive decline. The fourth paper investigates effects of local air temperature on cognitive testing performance, and discusses how regional differences and seasonality may buffer or exacerbate temperature-cognition associations. Altogether, the symposium elucidates how cognitive health is impacted by a complex interplay of individual and geographic factors. The papers inform policy-making efforts to improve physical neighborhood environments and social community contexts, which are critical to the well-being of older adults aging in place.
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Chapais, Bernard. "Competing through Co-operation in Nonhuman Primates: Developmental Aspects of Matrilineal Dominance." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900102.
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This paper's major aim is to illustrate how competition and co-operation are causally interrelated in the social life of nonhuman primates. In many species, competition for resources and mates commonly leads to xenophobic alliances and to the formation of intra-group dominance orders in which coalitions and alliances play a major role. In this sense, competition fosters co-operation. After briefly reviewing the nature of alliances in primates, this paper focuses on matrilineal dominance systems, which characterise many species of the Cercopithecidae family (macaques, baboons, etc.). In these societies, females socially inherit their mother's rank above lower-ranking matrilines with the result that kin rank next to each other. This paper summarises 10 years of experimental research on the composition and dynamics of alliances in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macacafuscata). The main experimental paradigm consisted in manipulating the composition of the group, thereby dismantling existing alliances and inducing the formation of new alliances and new rank orders. Results reveal the existence of a complex interplay of kin and nonkin alliances responsible for the acquisition of rank and, later, for the maintenance of rank relations within and between kin groups. Opportunistic, selfishly motivated interventions in conflicts, performed by juveniles sharing the same targets (common targeting principle), appear to account for the initial formation of alliances in these dominance systems and, possibly, in various other situations as well. Such relatively simple processes may have paved the way for ontogenetically and phylogenetically more sophisticated forms of co-operation, such as reciprocity involving delayed benefits to the donors.
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Шнайдер, Ольга, Ol'ga Shnayder, Татьяна Иззука, and Tatjana Izzyka. "FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING OF ECONOMIC AGENTS: IMPORTANCE, OBJECTIVES AND DECISION." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d4846bdec1655.23048547.
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The economy of our country is going through a difficult period, which is aggravated by endless sanctions and difficult economic conditions in the world, which in turn affects the level of sustainable development of Russian economic entities. The primary problem of instability in terms of sustainable development of Russian companies is determined by the inability of economic entities to respond effectively to changes in the internal and external environment. In this regard, there is a need to establish an effective mechanism for managing sustainable development. One of the tools of this mechanism is non-financial reporting.
The complexity of the complex analysis of the sustainability of development due to the large number and variety of financial and non-financial factors affecting the sustainable development of the economic entity, and therefore their study is a certain complexity.
First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that Russian companies, as well as foreign ones, are guided by the level and volume of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, water bodies and soil. The reports show the resources consumed and their classification, the level of education and the age composition of the staff, as well as social factors focused on the average wage level, the involvement of personnel in the production process, the possibility of training and other non-financial factors.
Do not forget about the socio-cultural, investment and other factors affecting the economic entity as a whole. It is important to understand that economic actors seeking to benefit from the transition to sustainable development often have a longer time horizon and a broader set of objectives than traditional companies. As a rule, they are dissatisfied with the status quo and want to act socially responsible, as well as to protect the environment. They value employee well-being, society, culture and future generations. However, without being able to ignore short-term challenges, success in implementing the concept of sustainable development is more complex and time-consuming.
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Фадєєва, В. Е. "Corporate social responsibility: Polish experience and Ukrainian perspectives." Grani 22, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171936.
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Global issues of 21 century, such as ecological concerns, depletion of natural resources, informatization, transition to the machine production and switch to the predominance of intellectual work have led to the changes in the social role of large business. Best world practice along with UN recommendations strongly support the development of socially responsible business. Global network of multinational companies allows them to predetermine political and social situation in many countries sometimes more effectively than traditional politics. Positive correlation between business performance and purchasing power of citizens accentuate the importance of investment into social development. Consequently, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes one of the cornerstones of sustainable development. This paper aims to describe basic principles of CSR and its historical development, to analyze pros and cons of different approaches to CSR and discuss the perspectives of its implementation into Ukrainian economy using Polish experience. E. Garriga and D. Mele in their article «Corporate social responsibility Theories: Mapping the Territory» managed to perfectly describe almost all theories of CSR, allowing many scientists to use their results. In spite of positive social influence of CSR, its impact on economic still remains unclear. It may be connected to the relatively short follow-up for the tracking of economic changes and the difficulties for the estimation of such complex phenomenon. Transitional Ukrainian economy just have started the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sometimes it lack the deep understanding of what that means and how that works. Polish experience may become a good example for eastern neighbor`s companies and government, and help to build new relations between large business and society.