Academic literature on the topic 'Socially Prescribed Reliability'

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of socially prescribed perfectionism of university students on depression and to confirm the mediating effect of each sub-factor of self-forgiveness and self-forgiveness in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression.
 Methods To study this, 395 domestic university students (male: 175; female: 220) were analyzed for the mediating effect of self-forgiveness in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression. For the collected data, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0, and the mediating effect of self-forgiveness in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression was verified through SPSS Process Macro (MODEL 4).
 Results First, university students' socially prescribed perfectionism showed a significant positive correlation with depression, and a significant negative correlation with self-forgiveness. Second, the mediating effect of self-forgiveness was significant in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression. Third, in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression, all factors except acceptance and improvement showed significant mediating effects among the sub-factors of self-forgiveness.
 Conclusions The results of this study improved the understanding of depression among university students by verifying the effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on depression, and suggested that self-forgiveness could be helpful as a counseling intervention and measure to alleviate depression. These results are significant in that they presented the theoretical basis for developing self-forgiveness-based programs and providing information in the actual counseling scene of university students.

This study investigated latent profiles of food cravings and levels of self-regulation among early adult women in Korea(N=248). Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: 1) 'lack of regulation group,' 2) 'average group,' 3) 'self-regulation group,' and 4) 'self-discrepancy group.' The majority belonged to the average group (58.5%), characterized by generally adaptive patterns. The self-regulation group exhibited high self-regulation and low food craving levels. Conversely, the group with a lack of regulation demonstrated low self-regulation, high food craving, elevated negative affect and external eating, indicating maladaptive characteristics. The self-discrepancy group displayed low levels of self-discipline and nonimpulsive action regarding behavior control, high levels of food craving and healthy habits and reliability, with the highest levels of emotional eating and restraint eating. Higher socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with the self-discrepancy or lack of regulation group rather than the self-regulation group. Implications and limitations are discussed.

This study aimed to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale – Short Form (CAPS – SF) in an Indonesian sample. In Indonesia, research on perfectionism is being developed, but there is no measurement for adolescent perfectionism that can be used. Therefore, a valid and reliable measurement is needed. The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale – Short Form (CAPS – SF) developed by Bento et al. is an instrument consisting of 2 dimensions of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Self-Oriented Perfectionism with a total of 9 items that can measure perfectionism in children and adolescents. The adaptation process followed the guidelines established by the International Test Commission such as translation, cognitive interview, and test of the pre-final Indonesian version which involved 322 adolescents aged 13-15 years who lived in Indonesia. Reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha and CFA, which was used to measure the construct validity, showed that the nine items in adapted The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale – Short Form (CAPS – SF) could be used to measure the perfectionism of Indonesian adolescents.

Perfectionism is having both negative and positive aspects. Perfectionism extracts a great toll from early adolescents who think that only through perfection they will be able to gain the fulfilment, success, love, and acceptance of others. Usually, the opposite occurs. Perfectionists may accomplish something but, invariably, their methods will deny them the precise love and acceptance they badly wish to acquire, which leaves them feeling dissatisfied. This article reports on the construction and validation of LiWi’s Scale on Perfectionism of early adolescents through a survey from 90 early adolescents. The Cronbach’s α-value for the selected 32 items were found as 0.790 and this value reflects a good degree of reliability. This scale helps to measure the perfectionist behaviour of an individual and to develop positive perfectionist behaviour among them.

The 2019–20 Australian fire season was heralded as emblematic of the catastrophic harm wrought by climate change. Similarly extreme wildfire seasons have occurred across the globe in recent years. Here, we apply a pyrogeographic lens to the recent Australian fires to examine the range of causes, impacts and responses. We find that the extensive area burnt was due to extreme climatic circumstances. However, antecedent hazard reduction burns (prescribed burns with the aim of reducing fuel loads) were effective in reducing fire severity and house loss, but their effectiveness declined under extreme weather conditions. Impacts were disproportionately borne by socially disadvantaged regional communities. Urban populations were also impacted through prolonged smoke exposure. The fires produced large carbon emissions, burnt fire-sensitive ecosystems and exposed large areas to the risk of biodiversity decline by being too frequently burnt in the future. We argue that the rate of change in fire risk delivered by climate change is outstripping the capacity of our ecological and social systems to adapt. A multi-lateral approach is required to mitigate future fire risk, with an emphasis on reducing the vulnerability of people through a reinvigoration of community-level capacity for targeted actions to complement mainstream fire management capacity.

The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the child–adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS-S), as well as its factorial invariance and latent means differences across sex and age. A sample of 1809 Spanish students of Primary Education, aged between 8 and 11 (Mage = 9.53, SD = 1.11), was used. Confirmatory factor analyses and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were applied to examine the factor structure of the CAPS-S. The results revealed that a model made up of 13 items structured in 3 factors—Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-Striving), Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-Critical), and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP)—showed a better fit than any of the previously tested models, and it was invariant across sex and age. SOP-Striving did not significantly correlate with school anxiety and aggression, whereas significant and positive correlations were found in the case of SOP-Critical and SPP. The levels of reliability and stability of the scale were ω = 0.91, 0.74, 0.73, and 0.80, and rxx = 0.73, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.74, for the total CAPS-S and for the SOP-Striving, SOP-Critical, and SPP dimensions, respectively. Analysis of latent means differences revealed that boys scored significantly higher than girls in SOP-Critical. The 9-year-olds scored significantly lower in SPP than their 8-year-old peers. Conversely, 11-year-olds scored higher in SOP-Critical than 8-year-olds. In addition, 10- and 11-year-olds scored higher than their 9-year-old peers. The CAPS-S presented in this research is a reliable and valid instrument to assess perfectionism in Spanish child population.

The LuBAIR™ Paradigm is a novel approach to ascribe meaning to behavioral expressions in advanced neurocognitive disorders when the reliability of a clinical assessment is limited. The meaning ascribed to each behavioral category was used to identify those which are likely to respond to the use of atypical antipsychotics, in their management. De-prescribing was attempted on patients who qualified to enter this retrospective study. De-prescribing was defined as successful if individuals were completely withdrawn from AAP and remained off them for 60 days, without the re-emergence of behaviors. The LuBAIR™ Inventory was filled on two occasions. The data collected on the second occasion, in the successful and failed de-prescribed groups, were compared in this retrospective study. MANOVA, Chi-Square paired t-test statistical analyses were used to detect the differences in the behavioral categories between the two cohorts. Cohen d was used to measure effect size. Patients who did not have Mis-Identification and Goal-Directed Expressions were more likely to successfully de-prescribe: X2 (1, N = 40) = 29.119 p < 0.0001 and X2 (1, N = 40) = 32.374, p < 0.0001, respectively. Alternatively, the same behavioral categories were more likely to be present in patients who failed de-prescribing: MANOVA and paired t-test (p < 0.0001). Atypical antipsychotics, in their role as an antipsychotic and mood stabilizer, may be used to manage Mis-Identification and Goal-Directed Expressions, respectively.

Purpose – Nurse home visiting programmes designed to reduce the likelihood of child maltreatment in families at risk have been widely implemented in Australia and overseas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the intensity and duration of maternal involvement in a nurse home visiting programme to prevent child maltreatment. Design/methodology/approach – A retrospective, longitudinal design was employed. The clinical records of 40 mothers who had received nurse home visits following the birth of a new baby for at least six months, and had provided consent for their details to be accessed for research purposes, were selected for analysis. The influence of antenatal characteristics and well-being on maternal involvement in a nurse home visiting programme was examined using reliability of change indices. Findings – Mothers with impaired family functioning reporting they experienced violence at home were more likely to leave the programme early and received fewer than the prescribed number of home visits compared to mothers who had been enroled into the programme for other complex psychosocial needs. At the same time, mothers enroled on the basis of impaired psychological functioning and who did not report violence in the home remained, and received more than the prescribed number of home visits over the course of their involvement. Originality/value – Results showed that domestic violence increased the risk of poor engagement with a targeted nurse home visiting programme. At the same time, home visitors responded to complex individual and family needs by increasing the number of home visits accordingly. This theoretically based pilot research has helped to disentangle antecedents of maternal involvement and the subsequent impact on programme outcomes. Further investigation using a larger study sample is needed.

Thirty-three therapeutic cannabis users in England were interviewed about their experiences using an illegal drug for therapeutic purposes. Interviews were semi-structured, and responses highly qualitative. Particular issues included how and why cannabis was used therapeutically; what problems its illegality posed in terms of access, cost, reliability of supply, and quality of the product; the perceived beneficial effects of its use; and unwanted effects (problems in relation to family, friends, partners, the criminal justice system, and the health care system). The study did not seek to prove or disprove the efficacy of cannabis used as a therapeutic agent merely to report the experiences of those who use it in that way. It was found that users perceived cannabis to be highly effective in treating their symptoms, to complement existing medication, and to produce fewer unwanted effects. Smoking was the preferred method of administration, permitting greater control over dose and administration. Problems related to prescribed medication motivated many to use cannabis therapeutically. Few problems were experienced with friends, family, partners, and the criminal justice or health care systems, although other concerns about cannabis's illegality were reported. Although most were relatively unconcerned about the risk involved and were determined to continue use, many resented that they felt they were being forced to break the law. Problems relating to access to the drug (in an illegal context) and managing its administration were reported. A brief discussion of the continued prohibition of cannabis for this group is undertaken, and a harm reduction approach is suggested.

Abstract Medication adherence is critical for disease management among aging African-Americans who are at greatest risk for poor adherence and affliction with chronic diseases. However, medication adherence is a complex behavior with distinct facets (frequency, pattern of adherence, barriers, and beliefs related to adherence), which current instruments cannot comprehensively measure in this underrepresented population. The Medication Taking Instrument – Four Facets of Adherence is an instrument developed to measure all facets of adherence among diverse, community-dwelling aging adults using the innovative application of the “Nursing Rights” of medication administration. Items were developed following a scoping review of the literature. Validation was obtained from medical professionals in Canada and the United States who prescribe medications to diverse patient populations. 12 of 13 medical professionals responded to the survey request (67% Nurse Practitioners, 33% Physicians) and rated each item (0=Low Agreement to 5=High Agreement) for clarity and validity of each item representing the specific facet. Most instrument items obtained high agreement (response rating > 3) for both validity and clarity from 83% or more of respondents. Experts’ feedback augmented items for two facets (barriers and beliefs), improved clarity, minimized jargon, and supported instrument use in the clinical setting. The resulting instrument will comprehensively characterize medication adherence, direct more targeted research aims, and guide interventions to augment adherence among aging African Americans. Ongoing data collection in the Detroit Aging Brain Study will provide additional tests of factor structure, internal scale reliability, and convergent validity using other indicators of medication history and symptom control.

Depression is a serious concern among patients and their family members undergoing treatment for acute and chronic illnesses. The quality of palliative care has great significance in improving the mental health of patients. The patient usually undergoes various stages of treatment before reaching the palliative care stage. Therefore, the tendency of denying treatment at later stages of illness increases. Depression could arise either early or at later stages of treatment. Most doctors feel restrained to prescribe antidepressants to the patient, as antidepressants could have a serious side effect on the physiology of the patient. Antidepressants only work for a smaller group of patients. A proper diagnostics and structured interview with extensive checks of reliability and viability could be used for assessment. Various factors like sociodemographic, gender, age, support health groups have a drastic effect on the mental health of the patient. Palliative care to the patients with social health support groups psychotherapy, relaxation meditation yoga, along with the appropriate pharmacological approach, works wonders for some patients. Continued efforts should be made to treat and deal with depression in palliative care.

The purpose of this research is to clarify how third-party certification creates value by looking at a case study of third-party certification. An application of the “phase free” concept is discussed as an example of how third-party certification generates value. Disaster prevention is a typical social issue that diverse members of society must proactively confront. It is, however, considered an uncertain cost by many people, wherein preparing for disasters is not an entrenched practice. “Phase free” is a concept originating in Japan that aims to encourage consumers to purchase products and services that are useful in the event of disasters by providing phase-free certification of such products and services. For example, a plug-in hybrid or electric vehicle can be used as a battery when parked. Even though this power storage function is not recognized at normal times, it will be very useful in the event of a disaster. Phase free, thus, refers to the concept of "deriving considerable benefit during times of emergencies from products and services used in everyday life."Generally, third-party certification is considered to bring about a positive effect on eliminating the asymmetry of information, such as by guaranteeing the quality of products and services in the market, by strengthening a company's competitiveness, and by enhancing reliability. However, due to the considerable economic and time burden imposed on producers in complying with strict standards and the lack of understanding among consumers about the value of certification, the use of certification marks has not gained sufficient traction. There are cases, however, in which third-party authentication is considered to have led to the creation of value. For example, non-fungible tokens (NFT) are also seen to be creating new value by allowing third parties to certify (endorse) value using block chain technology. Phase-free certification, like NFT, appears to be successful in creating value.This study elucidates the features of value creation through phase-free certification by looking into the activities of the Phase Free Association (https://phasefree.or.jp/), which carries out third-party certification. The target of the study is the "School Education Initiatives in Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture," which was certified by the Phase Free Association in 2021 (Gold Prize winner at the Phase Free Award 2021). An interview with representatives of the Phase Free Association was conducted to clarify how the "value of disaster prevention" is embedded in school education. An analysis was conducted focusing on the benefits that school officials, parents, government officials, and other stakeholders gain from this embedded value of disaster prevention. The study clarifies how balance is achieved between normal-time value (teaching the prescribed school education curriculum) and disaster-time value (protecting children from disasters), as well as investigates the mechanism behind the value-creation process.This study, therefore, contributes to research on third-party certification through analysis of a case of phase-free certification that has succeeded in providing value related to disaster prevention to school education, which is an intangible service.