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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)'
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Wikström, Andreas. "Socially Responsible Investing : A study of SRI fund performance." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102653.
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Malmlund, Alexander. "The Financial Incentives to Adopting Corporate Social Responsibility and Socially Responsible Investing Practices." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2103.
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As corporate social responsibility and socially responsible investing practices have increased substantially over the past decade, the possible financial advantages have been examined in great depth. Utilizing firms from the S&P 500 I have investigated the possible outperformance of accounting based and market based measures. I did this by examining the relationship between ESG scores, a common measure of CSR level, and the following dependent variables: return on assets, total risk, systematic risk, and idiosyncratic risk. I obtained strong evidence that an increase in CSR levels are correlated with an increased return on assets.
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Lu, Chenjie, and Iida Sällinen. "Socially responsible investing : The relationship between financial performance and SRI strategies of mutual funds." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388077.
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Social responsibility has gained popularity during the past few years, and one aspect of it is what benefits and costs it brings to a socially responsible investor. The purpose of this study is to examine whether different SRI strategies used by mutual funds are related to financial performance. By using multiple regression analysis and a sample of 88 Swedish SRI mutual funds over the period from 2014 to 2018, we find that using SRI screens first reduces the financial performance, but then gains a slight rebound as the screening intensity increases, indicating a U-shaped relationship. Further, we find that environmental screens impact the financial performance positively, and engagement and voting in sustainability matters is also positively related to performance.
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Gaverstedt, Ann-Sofi. "Socially Responsible Investing i jämförelse med Fundamental analys : en aktieanalys av fyra börsföretag." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1062.
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Problemformulering
En del studier visar att det finns ett signifikant statistiskt samband mellan hur ett företag hanterar miljömässiga och sociala risker och dess avkastning. Därför ifrågasätter vissa forskare och finansiella aktörer de traditionella aktievärderingar som inte bedömer de miljömässiga och sociala faktorerna. En av de vanligaste värderingsmetoderna är den Fundamentala, vilken främst utgår från att värdera den ekonomiska information som ett företag publicerar. Det finns en värderingsmodell som gör det möjligt att bedöma de sociala och miljömässiga på samma sätt som de finansiella i en Fundamental analys. Den brukar benämnas Socially Responsible Investing (SRI).
Frågeställning och syfte
Om den Fundamentala analysen inte värderar de sociala och miljömässiga kriterierna innebär det att värderingen av aktien inte är helt komplett. Det kan även innebära att vissa branscher missgynnas. Huvudfrågan är därför om en SRI-värdering ger ett annat värde på aktien än den Fundamentala analysen. Och om SRI-analysen ger ett aktievärde som stämmer bättre överens med börsvärdet? Eller är det den Fundamentala analysen som bättre stämmer överens med börsvärdet? För att kunna besvara detta genomfördes en jämförande studie av en Fundamental analys och en SRI-analys av fyra börsföretag.
Metod och teori
För att undersökningen skulle bli möjlig togs en SRI-modell fram. Resultatet tolkades utifrån Teorin om den effektiva marknaden samt perspektiven Fundamental analys och SRI-analys.
De mest intressanta slutsatserna
· SRI-värderingarna gav ett annat värde på aktien än den Fundamentala analysen.
· Den Fundamentala analysens aktievärde stämde bättre överens med börsvärdet. Det som är värt att notera är att resultatet visar att den Fundamentala analysen gav ett högre aktievärde åt de företag som är bra på att integrera de sociala och miljömässiga faktorerna i affärsverksamheten i jämförelse med börspriset.
· Marknaden värderar inte all tillgänglig information.
Marknaden bedömer inte de miljömässiga och sociala värdena av ett företag.
· Missgynnas särskilda branscher som t.ex. miljötekniksektorn?
Utifrån det presenterade resultatet kan jag inte uttala mig om att företag i vissa branscher missgynnas. Företag som verkar i miljöteknikbranschen behöver ju inte vara socialt och miljömässigt effektiva. Det som går att säga är att företag som har minimerat risker och utmaningar som de identifierade trenderna innebär värderas inte efter dessa faktorer.
· Resultatet skapar förståelse för investerares låga tilltro till SRI.
Ett flertal finansiella aktörer anser att ett företags SRI-arbete påverkar avkastningen negativt. Denna åsikt är förståelig eftersom börsvärdet på de företag som har lyckats med SRI är lägre i jämförelse med det Fundamentala värdet på aktien och börsvärdet för samma aktie.
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Brown, David. "Socio-Economically Responsible Investing and Income Inequality in the USA." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35739.
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To add to the tools currently available to combat income inequality in the United States an investment fund type is proposed, justified, described, and created using historical asset returns from 1960 to 2015. By focusing on two socio-economic indicators of poverty, inflation and unemployment rates, this fund, when marketed to investors who live near, at, or below the poverty line, seeks to increase returns during times of increased strain on the economies of the poor. Multiple hurdles are proposed and affirmatively answered to this end and a fund type and corresponding four factor model that realized hypothetical excess returns fitting the requirements of a successful investment strategy was developed and evaluated. With the increasing importance of socially responsible investment practices an investment bank who maintains a fund of this type could potentially see financial and reputational benefits.
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Lori, Jack. "The Growth of Socially Responsible Investing Practices in U.S. Equity Markets and Abnormal Sin Stock Returns." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2041.
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In my Senior Thesis, I explore the growth of socially responsible investing (SRI) practices in U.S. equity markets and abnormal sin stocks returns. I analyze the historical performance of socially responsible ETFs and portfolios of current sin stocks—alcohol, tobacco, gaming, and aerospace & defense stocks. I propose that as socially responsible investing practices continue to grow in U.S. equity markets, more industries will eventually be deemed sinful—such as sugary beverages, fast food/sugary food, biotech & pharmaceuticals, and tech/social media. I examine two sinful industries—alcohol and tobacco—by comparing the performance of these sinful portfolios before and after their industries were widely perceived as sinful.
I explored these topics for a few key reasons. First, socially responsible investing practices in U.S. equity markets have exploded in popularity over the last decade. Every year, we see increasing amounts of money screened for environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. Despite its increase in popularity, many people have claimed that socially responsible investing isn’t financially responsible investing—it underperforms as compared to common benchmarks such as the S&P 500. On the other hand, existing literature has supported the claim that investing in sin stocks generates abnormal returns for investors. I hypothesize that these two areas of portfolio management are connected—as socially responsible investing practices continue to grow, more industries will eventually be widely perceived as sinful. If the sin stock anomaly does exist and portfolios of sin stocks do generate abnormal returns, individuals and institutions can benefit from an immediate and long term investment strategy by investing in these “future” sinful industries now.
Using three distinct capital asset pricing models—the Fama-French 3 Factor Model, the Fama-French 3 Factor Model plus Momentum, and the Fama-French 5 Factor Model—I come to four main conclusions. First, investing in socially responsible ETFs does not generate positive abnormal returns; in some instances, it generates statistically significant negative abnormal returns. Second, across the Fama-French 3 Factor Model, the Fama-French 3 Factor Model plus Momentum, and the Fama-French 5 Factor Model, portfolios of sin stocks from 1977-2018 generate statistically significant positive abnormal returns. Third, during the same time horizon, portfolios of future sin stocks exhibit similar levels of abnormal returns, especially portfolios of biotech & pharmaceutical stocks and portfolios of tech/social media stocks. Finally, portfolios of alcohol and tobacco stocks generated statistically significant abnormal returns after being widely perceived as sinful as compared to before they were widely perceived as sinful.
My research has implications for practicing portfolio managers. First, socially responsible investing isn’t financially responsible investing. Second, portfolio managers should consider how the growth of socially responsible investing practices will impact perceptions of what is sinful. Anticipating which industries will become sinful can yield a profitable investment strategy. Third, I promote a profitable investment strategy in the short- and long-term time horizon. The results are clear: go long on sin and short on SRI.
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Gelotte, Kevin. "A comparison between ESG funds and traditional funds from a sustainable perspectiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121901.
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During recent years many fund managers have merchandised their funds as accounting for “ethical”, “responsible” and “sustainable” criterions during the investment process (the generic term “ESG funds” will be used hereafter). These managers have used this as a marketing tool and claimed that this brings added value to their investors. However, it has been very hard for investors to actually determine if the fund managers have been following these announced “ESG” criterions and strategies. In addition to this there have been a lot of discussions around whether or not funds that incorporate “ESG” criterions during their investment process sacrifice return in order to fulfill their obligations. During March this year Morningstar launched the first independent rating that aims to evaluate how the underlying holdings in fund, i.e. companies in which the fund own shares, manage environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters. By analyzing the underlying holdings from the aspects mentioned above, Morningstar has been able to aggregate this information into a sustainability measure for funds. This new sustainability measure has been named Morningstar Sustainability Rating™, which is a rating for how sustainable a fund is. This thesis address questions regarding how ESG funds, or rather funds that market themselves as ESG funds, tend to have different attributes compared to traditional funds in the Nordic countries Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway. The specific attributes that has been examined are relative fund flows, total returns, risk-adjusted ratings and sustainability ratings. The results suggest that ESG funds do not show a difference in Sustainability Ratings compared to traditional funds. Furthermore, it could be verified that ESG funds in some cases generate higher relative fund flows compared to traditional funds. It has also been confirmed that these ESG funds actually outperforms traditional funds from a total return perspective.
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Blandford, Nicholas, Timothy Nash, and André Winter. "Strategic Sustainable Investing : Recognizing Value in Transitional Leadership." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2265.
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Institutional Investors own a large share of publicly traded companies, controlling a significant amount of the economy‟s working capital. These investors currently use little or no sustainability-related information to make their decisions, reinforcing a loop of increasingly unsustainable growth. This paper puts forward a new investment strategy that recognizes true movement towards sustainability and its link with bottom line benefits for investors: Strategic Sustainable Investing (SSI). To achieve this desired future, Institutional Investors must be able to recognize corporations that are strategically leading the transition towards sustainability. An Analysis Tool was developed to help address this need by identifying sectoral Emerging Sustainability Issues (ESI) using a consensus-based scientific definition of sustainability. Once ESIs are identified, companies‟ strategies regarding each issue are assessed. This Tool was scrutinized by a panel of experts in the financial and sustainable development industries, and was tested on three companies within the Unconventional Oil & Gas Sector in Canada. Results confirmed the usefulness of a tool that can recognize which companies are leading the sustainable development agenda, and identified the need for future research on the financial materiality of sustainability-oriented actions.
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Kivikoski, Lauri, and Robert Sandberg. "Individual investors' preferences regarding green bonds : A survey of Swedish investors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165057.
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Green bonds are a type of bonds that are designated for investment projects that have a positive effect on the environment. Such projects could be preventing climate change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, increasing energy-efficiency, or improving waste management. Green bonds have risen considerably in issued volume in recent years. Sweden has been one of the forerunners in this development and the interest towards these products seems to be high among individual Swedish investors. Initially, investors in green bonds have been mainly financial institutions, but there are an increasing number of mutual funds, which are aimed for retail banking customers as well. Previous research in socially responsible investing has not paid attention to green bonds from the perspective of the private, individual investor. This study is aimed to study potential individual green bond investors in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to answer the research question of who the typical Swedish green bond investors are, based on demographic characters. As research sub-questions, the thesis also answered questions regarding perceived risk and return on green bonds, and the effect of environmental attitude and behaviour on potential green bond investments. The study was carried out as an Internet survey by means of a questionnaire directed to Swedish investors. In total, 66 respondents answered the survey, which was analysed by bivariate and multivariate methods. Among the demographic factors, two were found statistically significant, age, and parenthood. In this sample younger investors (age less than 39), were found to prefer investing in green bonds, compared to older investors. Secondly, the fact of being a non-parent turned out to be a distinctive feature of current and potential investors in green bonds. The results regarding the first research sub-question, showed that the individual investors do not perceive green bonds to be more or less risky or give more or less return than comparable conventional bonds. The second research sub-question regarding environmental attitude and behaviour, showed a significant difference between those who showed a strong pro-environmental behaviour, as opposed to those who showed a weaker pro-environmental behaviour. The conclusion about the influence of environmental attitudes was that it did not have an effect on potential green bond investments.
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Stuyvenberg, Katie Lyn. "SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193000.
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Isaksson, Andreas, Jasmine Damfeldt, and Rebecca Samuelsson. "Etisk fondinvestering : En undersökning hur påverkansfaktorer skiljer sig åt inom socio-demografiska grupper." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10755.
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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to develop an understanding for how risk, return and ethicalaspects affect the decision to invest in an ethical fund. Specifically is the aim of the thesis todevelop a perception if socio-demographical differences regarding gender, age and education canexplain the propensity to invest in ethical funds. Method: A survey consisting of 90 respondents. Conclusion: The thesis finding show support for the claim that women see the ethical aspect inrelation to the return for investment in an ethical fund as more important than men do. This canfurther explain the propensity for women to invest more in ethical funds than men. The thesisdoesn’t find any support for the claim that women and men, younger and older value low risk, forthe decision to invest in an ethical fund, differently. This goes against previous research within thefield of mutual fund and indicates that the investment behavior between ethical funds and regularfunds differ. The thesis did not find any support for the claim that higher educated people see theethical aspect in relation to the return as more important than people with lower education.Syfte: Studien syfte är att utveckla en förståelse för hur risk, avkastning och etiskt inslag påverkarvid beslutet som leder till investering i en etisk fond. Specifikt syftar uppsatsen till att utvecklauppfattning kring om socio-demografiska skillnader avseende kön, ålder och utbildning, finns somförklaring i benägenheten att investera i etiska fonder. Metod: Vi har gjort enkätundersökningar på 90 respondenter Slutsats: Uppsatsen finner stöd för att kvinnor ser den etiska aspekten i relation till avkastningenvid investering i en etisk fond som viktigare än vad män gör. Detta kan förklara varför kvinnorockså är mer benägna än män att investera i en etisk fond. Uppsatsen finner inget stöd för attkvinnor och män, yngre och äldre värderar låg risk vid investering i en etisk fond olika. Dettamotsäger tidigare forskning inom investeringsbeteende för fonder generellt sett vilket indikerar attinvesteringsbeteende för vanliga fonder och etiska fonder skiljer sig åt. Uppsatsen finner helleringet stöd för att högre utbildade ser den etiska aspekten som viktigare än avkastning vidinvestering i en etisk fond.
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Schopohl, Lisa. "Essays on institutional investment and socially responsible investing." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69599/.
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This thesis contributes to the growing body of research on socially responsible investing (SRI) and institutional investment. Throughout the three main chapters of the thesis, I empirically investigate how institutional investors incorporate environmental, social and ethical considerations into their investment practices. First, I assess the impact of different political dimensions on the equity holdings of 31 U.S. state pension funds. I provide evidence that pension funds with Democratic leaning members tend to tilt their portfolios more strongly towards companies with higher environmental and social performance and that pressures by Democratic state politicians intensify this tendency. Additionally, I show that the sample funds neither under- nor outperform on their politically motivated SRI holdings, implying that their SRI preferences are unlikely financially-driven. Next, I investigate how Scandinavian public asset owners balance their financial and ethical objectives through exclusionary screening. I empirically analyse the performance effect of the exclusion of “unethical” companies from the portfolios of two leading Nordic investors, Norway’s Government Pension Fund-Global (GPFG) and Sweden’s AP-funds. I show that the portfolios of excluded companies do not generate an abnormal return relative to the funds’ benchmark indices, indicating that the exclusion decisions generally did not harm fund performance. Finally, I evaluate the extent to which investors account for the financial materiality of environmental and social factors in their shareholder activism. I find that a considerable amount of investor resources is spent on advancing immaterial issues through shareholder proposals. While certain “dedicated” investors such as public pension funds, endowments, religious institutions and asset managers are better at targeting financially material issues, the overall shareholder base does not differentiate between the financial materiality, or otherwise, of a proposal. Material proposals neither receive greater vote support nor does the market react more positively to learning that a company has been targeted by a material proposal.
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Viviers, Suzette. "A critical assessement of socially responsible investing in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/637.
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This research deals with socially responsible investing (SRI) in its broadest context in South Africa and includes an analysis of the risk-adjusted performance of local SRI funds. SRI refers to an investment strategy whereby investors integrate moral as well as environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations alongside conventional financial criteria in evaluating investment opportunities. Typical SRI strategies include screening, shareholder activism and cause-based (targeted) investing. The primary objective of this research was to obtain a deeper understanding of SRI in South Africa as it represents a powerful means whereby private sector capital can be channelled into areas of national priority. Data and methodological triangulation strategies were adopted to investigate the research problem, respond to the research questions and test the research hypotheses of this study. The phenomenological component of the research consisted of an extensive literature review as well as in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted with twelve SRI fund managers and industry experts. The positivistic dimension of this research centred on the construction of the first complete database of SRI funds in South Africa, the sourcing of quantitative primary data and the testing of eight pairs of null and alternative hypotheses. Risk-adjusted performance was evaluated by means of the Sharpe, Sortino and Upside-potential ratios during three sub-periods, namely 1 June 1992 to 31 August 1998, 1 September 1998 to 31 March 2002 and 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2006. Forty-three SRI funds have been launched in South Africa since June 1992 and it is estimated that SRIs constitute approximately 0.7 percent of the total investment capacity in the country. It was found that most local SRI funds combine a cause-based investment strategy with a positive or best-of-sector screening approach. ESG screens were found to focus on the promotion of broad-based Black Economic Empowerment and the development of social infrastructure in South Africa. The FTSE/JSE SRI Index and the Financial Sector Charter were identified as the most prominent drivers of SRI in South Africa, whereas a lack of skills and a shortage of new SRI opportunities, asset classes and funds were seen as impediments to the growth of the local SRI sector. The empirical evidence shows that: - local SRI funds underperformed relative to their respective benchmark indices during the first two sub-periods but significantly outperformed them during sub-period three (the resurgence period of SRI in South Africa); - local SRI fund performance is not significantly different from that of a matched sample of conventional (non-SRI) funds; and - local SRI funds significantly underperformed relative to the general equity market in South Africa during sub-period two (the decline period of SRI in South Africa) but performed on a par with the FTSE/JSE All Share Index during sub-periods one and two. The findings of this research therefore suggest that investors can consider SRI funds as part of a well-diversified investment strategy. It is strongly recommended that a Social Investment Forum be established in South Africa to address the educational needs of stakeholders in the local SRI sector. It is also recommended that local asset managers adopt a focused differentiation strategy to take advantage of the growing SRI sector in South Africa.
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Drake, Jordan C. "Labor Union Proposals, Socially Responsible Investing, and Pricing and Investment Models." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1399938140.
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Lundström, Simon, and Rasmus Rosberg. "Socially Responsible Investments? : -An empirical study on why investors do not invest in SRI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138259.
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In today’s society sustainability has become a highly discussed topic due to the increase in global average temperatures and changing ecosystems. Despite differentiating views regarding the origins of these changes, a proportion of the society have begun to adjust themselves into having more green profiles. This has led to an uprising among the number of investors who focus on making socially and responsible investments. However, on the contrary, there is still a substantial proportion of investors who do not invest in environmentally, animal and human friendly products. Which in turn may negate the pace of the ethical and sustainable development of our society. This issue leads to this study’s research question: What are the reasons or hindrances as to why students at Umeå School of Business and Economics do not invest in SRI financial products? The main purpose of this paper is to explore why individuals at Umeå School of Business and Economics do not invest in SRI financial products. Furthermore, the paper aim to have an extra emphasis on information. In addition to the main purpose, the thesis will investigate if any links exist between investing ethically/sustainable and one’s daily behaviour. In order to explore these purposes, the authors uses past research within this area together with theoretical concepts regarding “Investment Decisions”, “Markowitz Portfolio Optimisation Model” and “Pro-Social Behaviour”. To conduct this study, the paper uses a quantitative approach with both primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected through a survey sent out to 917 students at Umeå School of Business and Economics. In order to achieve the purposes of this study, the data from non-SRI investors was used to analyse their investment behaviours. The results of this study indicate that the majority of non-SRI investors are men. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that the expected financial return of SRI and risk when investing is significantly related to the probability of not investing in SRI. Additionally, the results point at that the demeanour of not investing in SRI products are significantly due to a lower level of knowledge concerning financial return of SRI. In conclusion, the authors argue that the attraction of capital ethical and sustainable investments can be greatly increased by educating investors in SRI products. Consequently, the increase in awareness and attraction of capital can aid solving the ethical and sustainable issues that exists today.
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Balasubramaniam, Arun S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Socially Responsible Investing : a comparative analysis of environmental, social, governance, reputational and labor factors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76922.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) aims to deliver competitive investment returns while fostering social good. It aims achieves its objective by including a firm's corporate social performance (CSP) in its investment d s . I has giesgnfct momentum over the past few years and is poised to assume a mainstream role in the asset management business. However, the scholarship on the effect of corporate social performance on a firm's corporate financial performance (CFP) is ambiguous. CSP is a complex entity made of multi-dimensional sub-components. This thesis attempts to breakdown the multi-dimensional CSP into its core constituent dimensions and to examine their inter-relationships and relationship with CFP, using statistical analysis. Two different vendor data sets were used as samples to understand if proprietary transformations made by vendors affect results. Analysis reveals that differences in factor payoff horizons, difficulties in transforming environmental, social and governance data into composite CSP ratings and the proprietary nature of such transformation could be some of the contributing factors to the ambiguity in establishing the nature of CSP-CFP relationship.
by Arun Balasubramaniam.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Acosta, Raphael. "Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD013/document.
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Dans la théorie financière classique, les marchés sont supposés efficients et lesinvestisseurs sont réputés rationnels. Ils sélectionnent leurs portefeuilles sur la base deparamètres financiers définis, en fonction de leur propre aversion au risque. Avec ledéveloppement de l’Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) dans le milieu des années90, un vaste champ de recherche s’ouvre en sélection de portefeuilles. En effet, lesinvestisseurs intègrent des éléments extra-financiers dans leur stratégie de gestion de portefeuille, en rupture avec la théorie financière classique.Ainsi, le développement de ce nouveau type d’investissement a enthousiasmé lacommunauté scientifique et les publications académiques se sont multipliées. Cependant ces recherches se sont concentrées sur les performances des ISR des grandes places financières occidentales, avec des résultats divergents. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’approfondir l'analyse du comportement financier des fonds et indices SR issus de trois marchés émergents – Afrique du Sud, Brésil et Inde – compte tenu des risques spécifiques de ces places financières et de ces fonds, et d’apprécier leur intérêt en termes de diversification internationale des portefeuilles.Notre thèse se compose de quatre chapitres indépendants, qui suivent une certainelogique d’écriture et de composition afin de répondre au mieux à nos questions de recherche. Les deux premiers chapitres introduisent l’objet et le champ de cette étude. Ils présentent un intérêt essentiellement théorique pour conceptualiser l’objet de la recherche et contextualiser son champ d’application.Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux analyses empiriques. Les ISR y sontanalysés comme objets de performances financières pures, mais aussi comme vecteurs de diversification de portefeuille ce qui, à notre connaissance, est encore relativement absent des publications académiques. D’autre part, deux échelles de temps et d’espace ont été croisées en scindant la recherche selon les différentes phases de la crise financière de 2008, et en analysant les performances en dimensions locales et internationales. Sur le champ théorique, cette étude apporte de nouveaux éléments concernant la compréhension des ISR dans une logique interculturelle, en questionnant la perception del’éthique, les stratégies financières qui en résultent, et leurs impacts économiques. Lesrésultats empiriques ont démontré l’intérêt financier des ISR dans ces trois marchés en termesde performances et de diversification de portefeuilles, d’un point de vue domestique etinternationalAccording to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view
Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional
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Sörensson, Alexander, and Mikael Toresten. "Ansvarsfulla investeringar : Incitament till urvalsprocessen vid komponering av hållbara fonder." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18825.
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En global trend inom finansbranschen har varit ett ökat intresse för hållbara och ansvarsfulla investeringar från både privata investerare som vid fondbolagens komponering av fonder. I Sverige sparar majoriteten av befolkningen i fonder och en markant tillväxt bland hållbara fonder har skett. Det privata sparandet har flyttats från sparkonto till olika typer av värdepapper såsom fonder. Trots det ökade intresset föreligger ingen definition av hållbara investeringar. Syftet med studien var att förklara urvalsprocessen vid komponering av hållbara placeringsprodukter för att öka investerares kunskap om vilka premisser fondbolag inkluderar i Socially Responsible Investments fonder. I studien intervjuades tre hållbarhetsansvariga i svenska fondbolag samt en aktieanalytiker. Intervjufrågorna kretsade kring vilka premisser fondbolagen inkluderar i sina hållbara fonder samtidigt fick respondenten belysa sin framtidstro på hållbara fonder. Studiens resultat visade på att samtliga fondbolag använder samma urvalsmetoder och följde samma urvalskriterier vid komponering av sina hållbara placeringsprodukter. Legitimitet och ekonomiskt incitament är bidragande begrepp i föreliggande studie. Resultatet som framkom var att även ifall fondbolagen tagit beslut utifrån det ena incitament så finns det kopplingar till det andra underliggande incitamentet.A global trend in the financial sector has been an increased interest in sustainable and responsible investments from both private investors and the fund companies' composition of funds. In Sweden, most of the population saves in funds and a significant growth among sustainable funds has taken place. Private savings have been transferred from savings accounts to various types of securities such as funds. Despite the increased interest, there is no definition of sustainable investment. The purpose of the study was to explain the selection process when composing sustainable investment products to increase investors' knowledge of the premises of fund companies in Socially Responsible Investment funds.The study interviewed three sustainability managers in Swedish fund companies and one equity analyst. The interview questions revolved around what premises the fund companies include in their sustainable funds at the same time the respondent had to shed light on his future belief in sustainable funds. The study's results showed that all fund companies use the same selection methods and followed the same selection criteria when composing their sustainable investment products. Legitimacy and financial incentive are contributing concepts in the present study. The result that emerged was that even if the fund companies made decisions based on one incentive, there are links to the other underlying incentive.
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Hörnmark, Pontus. "Responsible Investments: Should Investors Incorporate ESG Principles When Investing in Emerging Markets? : With Descriptions from Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26732.
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The aim of this thesis is to test whether incorporating principles of responsible investment will have an impact on financial performance when investing in emerging markets. A developed market is included to bring up potential structural differences between emerging and developed markets. Principles of responsible investment suggested by the UN concerns environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. The financial performance of highly rated ESG portfolios was evaluated by using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Fama French 3-factor model. Alpha has been used as the performance measurement. Results reveal that incorporating principles of responsible investment by using a best-in-class approach generates statistically significant and positive alphas in emerging markets, while the developed market of the U.S generates an insignificant alpha.
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Roofe, Sattlethight Andrea. "The Effect of the Business Cycle on the Performance of Socially Responsible Equity Mutual Funds." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/525.
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The current study applies a two-state switching regression model to examine the behavior of a hypothetical portfolio of ten socially responsible (SRI) equity mutual funds during the expansion and contraction phases of US business cycles between April 1991 and June 2009, based on the Carhart four-factor model, using monthly data. The model identified a business cycle effect on the performance of SRI equity mutual funds. Fund returns were less volatile during expansion/peaks than during contraction/troughs, as indicated by the standard deviation of returns. During contraction/troughs, fund excess returns were explained by the differential in returns between small and large companies, the difference between the returns on stocks trading at high and low Book-to-Market Value, the market excess return over the risk-free rate, and fund objective. During contraction/troughs, smaller companies offered higher returns than larger companies (ci = 0.26, p = 0.01), undervalued stocks out-performed high growth stocks (hi = 0.39, p i = 0.01, p = 0.02). The hypothetical SRI portfolio was less risky than the market (bi = 0.74, p i = -0.01, p = 0.03). The hypothetical SRI portfolio exhibited similar risk as the market (bi = 0.93, p
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Asplund, Therese. "How Socially Responsible Investment Is Defined : An analysis of how SRI investment management firms put ethical criteria into practice." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9575.
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Several organisations have called for clarifications on sustainable investment. The aim of this study is to map and compare the ethical criteria used by Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) funds in their assessment of companies. My attention is also to seek for clarifications on the definition on SRI. A theoretical framework has been used to identify core issues of socially responsible investment. The areas of interest are charitable giving, environmental technologies, negative and positive screening and shareholder activism. The empirical material consisted of qualitative interviews with 4 fund managers from 5 investment management firms in addition to written documents on the funds’ ethical criteria. The conclusions are that all of the funds use negative criteria in their assessment of companies, with similarities in what may be considered as unethical activity and differences in the extent. Most of the funds also seek to identify better-managed companies through an assessment of how companies comply with international agreements. Differences occur in the choices of international agreements as well as the minimum criteria for investing. Most of the investment management firms engage in shareholder activism with the aim to influence the companies’ corporate behaviour, thus with different levels of engagement. Some have dialogue with whom they invest in, some favour the idea of communicate with companies they do not invest in as well. Furthermore, the results of this study show that investments in environmental technologies are rare since these companies are too small. When it comes to charitable giving, donations to charity may be seen as SRI or may not be seen as SRI depending on if the concept refers to investment criteria.
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Nega, Fraser T. "The Relationship Between Financial Performance, Firm Size, Leverage and Corporate Social Responsibility." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4661.
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Approximately $25.2 trillion in total assets under management in the United States is involved in some strategy of socially responsible and sustainable investing. Grounded in the stakeholder theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationships between financial performance, firm size, leverage, and corporate social responsibility. A random sample included 119 large companies located in the United States from the population of companies listed in the Russell 100 index. The data were collected via Bloomberg Terminal. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) activity scores. The 3 predictor variables accounted for approximately 7% of the variance in ESG activity scores and the result was statistically significant, F(3,115) = 2.83, p < .04, R2 = .07. Although the p value was significant, the R2 was low representing a poor model fit. In the final analysis, total revenue was added to the model and was a significant predictor and negatively correlated with ESG activity scores; However, return on equity and leverage were not significant predictors of ESG activity scores suggesting the potential need to transfer some corporate social initiatives from business leaders to government policy makers. Future researchers should consider incorporating additional variables to make the model more useful. The implications for positive social change include the potential to identify fiscal incentives for corporate social programs by policy makers which benefit stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, customers, communities, and the environment.
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Molander, Gordon, and Asp Carl Jönsson. "The Performance of Socially Responsible Investments : Are Swedish mutual funds forced to pay a price for doing good?" Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52699.
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The financial performance of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) strategies is heavily debated in the modern age. Due to lack of evidence on Swedish SRI performance, Swedish investors are uncertain about placing their financial assets in these strategies as they are afraid expected to sacrifice their financial return for doing good. The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the financial and risk-adjusted performance of Swedish registered SRI mutual equity funds compared to conventional mutual equity funds during 2010-2020. The study’s dataset consists of a total of 236 mutual equity funds, with a sample of 133 SRI funds and 103 conventional funds. Financial performance measures used in this study are alpha, estimated through the Carhart four-factor model, and the Sharpe Ratio. The analysis between SRI mutual equity funds and conventional mutual equity funds indicated an insignificant difference in both financial and risk-adjusted performance. Based on the evidence provided, the study concludes that Swedish investors who put ethical, environmental and social values into their investment decision making process do not have to sacrifice their expected financial return, nor will their investment entail a higher degree of risk.
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Jemtå, Emilia, and Björklund Matilda Kvist. "Values over value? : Pension beneficiaries' willingness to pay for socially responsible investments and their perception of exponential growth." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52610.
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Background: As more individuals continuously become more conscious of the external influences of their decisions, integrating social and ethical criteria and perceived non-monetary value in their investment decisions, the interest in socially responsible investments (SRI) has escalated in the past decade. Reflecting this shift, the Swedish Pension Agency continuously increases the requirements and sustainability demands for the funds available in the premium pension selection. To investigate the underlying variables affecting the decision to invest socially responsibly, the authors of this thesis studied Swedish pension beneficiaries’ demographics, attitudes and beliefs. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the socio-demographic and psychological determinants of pension beneficiaries' and the influence of these variables on the willingness to pay for socially responsible investments. The study will additionally explore the tendency to underestimate exponential growth in one’s pension savings. Method: The study is conducted by collecting primary data in the form of quantitative research through an online questionnaire. Based on previous research, six hypotheses are developed. This in order to investigate the relationship between willingness to pay for socially responsible investments and several socio-demographic and psychographic variables. Additionally, to examine Swedish pension beneficiaries’ tendency to underestimate exponential growth. The data collected is analysed through a multiple linear regression model and other descriptive statistics to examine if the hypotheses are rejected or not. Conclusion: The majority of the subjects in the study are willing to pay for SRI. Gender significantly impacts the willingness to pay for SRI, as men demonstrate a lower willingness to pay than women. Furthermore, altruistic values, concern for one’s pension savings, concern for ESG-related issues (environmental, social and governance) and perceived consumer effectiveness proves to have a significant impact on the willingness to pay for SRI. Further, the sample demonstrated a definite tendency to underestimate exponential growth.
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Marom, Yeshayahu. "Corporate social and financial performance : the case of companies in Israel." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2010. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/188998/.
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This research sought to find local evidence within the Israeli context that corporate social responsibility can have positive impact on corporate financial performance, similar to research findings in leading western economies. Such local based evidence, if found, would encourage the inclusion of CSR as part of strategic management of companies in Israel. The investigation focused on a sample of leading companies in Israel, forming part of the TA-100 stock exchange index, and was undertaken between 2005 and 2006. The research used quantitative investigation of secondary data on financial performance that is available for companies traded on the stock exchange. It included social responsibility ranking undertaken by the association of 'Business for social responsibility in Israel' – MAALA. This data was used to compare financial performance between groups of companies with different levels of social responsibility. The research found that higher social responsibility for companies in Israel was associated with higher financial performance, in comparison to their counterpart companies ranked as lower in social responsibility. However at the extreme, a very high level of social responsibility is associated with decline in financial performance. The research conclusion was that companies in Israel face the same CSR-to-CFP relationship, as their counterparts in leading western economies. This provides the rationale for Israeli companies to incorporate social responsibility as part of their business strategy aimed at improving financial performance.
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Olausson, Alexander, and Charlie Essland. "Barriers for Responsible Investments: Facilitating a Greener Economy : -A Multiple Case Study of Asset Management Companies." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69467.
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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to develop and contribute with an improved understanding of socially responsible investing and its barriers within the asset management sector. To accomplish the purpose of this research, four areas have been investigated; sustainability, business models, socially responsible investing, and barriers for socially responsible investing. Method – Since the research aimed to use the existing theory, and at the same time explore and gain understanding within the area of sustainable, or responsible, investments, the research approach had iterative characteristics with theoretical and empirical findings. Therefore, an abductive research approach was chosen. For the gathering of data, a multiple case study was conducted by interviewing people working within asset management companies. For the analysis of the data, constant comparison, multilevel interviews, and thematic analysis were used. Results – First, the results indicate that socially responsible investments have greatly affected the business models for asset management companies, and responsible investments are starting to become more of a hygiene factor than a way of differentiation. Second, the most significant barrier for the increase of responsible investments is preconceptions and lack of knowledge. This barrier is rooted in an underlying issue, that is lack of transparency regarding asset management companies’ investments. Furthermore, the findings indicate that government actions within the market invested in, was not such a grand barrier as presented in the literature. Theoretical contributions – The main theoretical contribution with this research is the identification of the barrier preconceptions and lack of knowledge, as this is not highlighted in the literature, but among the asset management companies it was highly significant. By analyzing the findings with an institutional theory lens, it is an understandable behavior as there are no incentives for change, hence the managerial contributions consist of regulations. Managerial contributions – The practical contributions with this report is the need for reformed regulations in the industry where asset management companies are operating, in order to increase transparency. By seeing the issue through the lens of institutional theory, it is unlikely for self-regulations to happen as the incentives are not great enough. For self-regulation to happen, the agency costs need to surpass the costs for increased responsible investments, as it would generate enough incentives for a change to happen.
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Ntoi, Hopolang Leeto. "The impact of corporate social responsibility on the corporate financial performance of companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25621.
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Over the past decade, sustainability has emerged as one of the foremost issues faced by corporations across all sectors and Corporate Social Responsibility has gained much momentum in the past two decades. This research investigated whether investors in emerging markets are equally concerned about a firm’s social and environmental impacts as their counterparts in developed economies. The aim was to ascertain whether or not a correlation exists between CSR and stock market performance of South African listed companies. This was the first study undertaken in South Africa that specifically investigated the relative performances of SRI listed and non-SRI listed companies. The findings reveal that there are observable differences between the average market returns of the FTSE/JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index and the FTSE/JSE All Share Index, as well as the average price/earnings ratios and average price/book value ratios of all companies listed the JSE Main Board. Although two out of the three hypotheses failed to yield significant statistical outcomes, all the findings were in favour of the SRI. The research has opened up the avenue for future studies to investigate the purported links between sustainability and financial performance in the context of emerging markets. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Mironova, Anastasia, and Lovisa Kynäs. "Ethical investing - why not? : An evaluation of financial performance of ethical indexes in comparison to conventional indexes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57115.
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Problem: Do ethical investments perform better than conventional investments? Purpose: To evaluate whether Shariah-compliant indexes and/or socially responsible indexes can improve financial performance of an investment portfolio. Sub-problem: What kind of relationship exists between socially responsible investments and faith-based investments, represented by Shariah-compliant investments? Sub-purpose: To discover how two types of ethical investments, socially-responsible and Shariah-compliant, are related. Method: Quantitative study, covering three types of investment styles of four index families during the period from 2000 until 2011. Financial performance evaluation through the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen’s alpha. Conclusions: Conventional, socially responsible, and Shariah-compliant indexes do not have any significant differences in financial performance on a global basis. However, Shariah-compliant indexes could slightly over-perform conventional and socially responsible indexes during financial downturns. In the same time socially responsible indexes were noticed to be the most volatile during the whole period of study, to compare with conventional and Shariah-compliant. Regarding relationships, high correlations were found between ethical indexes, as well as between ethical and conventional indexes.
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Revelli, Christophe. "La performance financière de l'investissement socialement responsable (ISR) : approche méta-analytique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10035/document.
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Cette thèse évalue la performance financière de l'investissement socialement responsable (ISR). Dans le but de surmonter le manque de consensus sur le thème de recherche, nous proposons d'aborder la question sous l'angle de la généralisation à travers une approche méta-analytique ayant pour objectif de démontrer un lien de cause à effet entre ISR et performance financière (ou boursière). A travers l'étude d'un corpus empirique d'observation incluant 75 études (161 expérimentations) sur la période 1972-2009 sélectionnées sur la base de notre propre typologie définitionnelle de l'ISR, nous articulons notre recherche autour de deux études : exploratoire et approche méta-analytique.L'étude exploratoire fournit ainsi, via l'utilisation de tests non paramétriques (Chi-deux) et de l'analyse de données (analyse factorielle des correspondances simple et multiple, classification ascendante hiérarchique), des typologies d'effet ISR sur la performance financière regroupant natures d'impact ISR sur la performance (positif, négatif ou neutre) et modalités de variables méthodologiques (marché ISR, méthode de comparaison de données, mesure de la performance financière…). L'approche méta-analytique (la première dans le champ de recherche) explore la relation entre ISR et performance financière sur un corpus réduit (61 études / 123 expérimentations). Les résultats observés tendent à prouver que l'éthique n'a pas de coût financier et génère des rentabilités similaires (voire légèrement supérieure) à celle de l'investissement conventionnel. Nous observons également que les choix empiriques effectués par les auteurs influencent considérablement la nature de la performance financière de l'ISRThis thesis evaluates the financial performance of socially responsible investment (SRI). In the purpose of overcoming the lack of consensus on the research theme, we propose to approach the question under the angle of generalization across a meta-analytical approach, aiming to demonstrate a link between SRI and financial performances (or stock exchange performance) and identify the methodological determinants of this causal relationship. Across the study of an empirical corpus observation, including 75 studies (161 experimentations) across the 1972-2009 period, all selected on the basis of our own typological definition of SRI, we articulate our research around two studies : exploratory and meta-analytical approach.By the use of non-parametric tests (chi square), and of data analysis (simple and multiple correspondence analysis, ascending hierarchical clustering), the exploratory study provides typologies of SRI effects on the financial performance, gathering the nature of SRI impacts on performance (positive, negative or neutral) ant the terms of methodological variables (SRI market, data comparison method, financial performance measure...). The meta-analytical approach (first one in the field of research) explores the relation between SRI and financial performance on a reduced corpus (61 studies / 123 experimentations). The results we observed tend to prove that ethics has no financial cost and generates similar profitability (even slightly more) than a conventional investment. We also observe that the empirical choices made by the authors have a considerable influence on the nature of the ISR financial performance
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Söderström, Gustaf, and Anton Pettersson. "What does it cost to be green? : An empirical investigation of the European green bond market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414387.
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The green bond market offers investors the opportunity to take an explicit focus on sustainable investment projects. However, it is yet to be determined whether this novel asset class offers attractive yields compared to non-green bonds. To address this question, we study European green bonds and how they diverge from conventional bonds in terms of yields. Using a dataset of 88 matched pairs of European green bonds between 2015 and 2019, we document a significant negative green bond premium of -12 bps on average in the secondary market. The green bond premium is defined as the yield differential between a green and a conventional bond while controlling for liquidity. The results suggest that European investors accept a lower financial return in exchange for receiving non-pecuniary benefits and thus challenging the assumptions of classical asset pricing models. Furthermore, we use a matching method and two-step regression to control for liquidity and identify the determinants of the green bond premium. The results show that the negative green bond premium is less pronounced for lower-rated bonds. Moreover, we find support for variations in the green bond premium across different business sectors. Government-related green bonds experience a greater negative green bond premium than green bonds related to financials and industrial corporates.
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Van, Wyk Louis Johannes. "Developing a corporate personality measuring instrument based on an established CSR framework / Louis Johannes van Wyk." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8531.
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The increasing amount of power and potentially negative impacts that corporations exert within society has become a growing concern for many people. In response to this and due to the changing role of business in society, more and more members of social groups, who are affected by corporate activities, are claiming their rights to be better informed of and more involved in corporate decision-making. Consequently, the need for companies worldwide to be more accountable for the ways in which they conduct their business has grown at a tremendous rate. Especially during the last decade, companies have globally been placed under increasing pressure from different stakeholder groups to demonstrate and prove their commitments to the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In order to facilitate and guide these CSR-commitments, society has for many years already begun to implement various standards of behaviour/performance, which corporations need to achieve in order to be accepted as being part of the citizenry. However, despite an abundance of such standards in terms of CSR-related guidelines and codes, a clear need has been identified for the development of better measuring tools of CSR, in order to efficiently assess and monitor companies’ performance.
The Bench Marks is one of the most comprehensive sets of social and environmental criteria and business performance indicators available. It offers an ethical standard on which to base decisions about global corporate social responsibility. Consequently, the need arose from the Bench Marks Foundation - in collaboration with the Bench Marks Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility at the North-West University – to develop the current Bench Marks CSR Framework into a practical measuring instrument. This need has successfully been fulfilled through this research by means of two methods, namely a literature review and an empirical study. During the literature study, the concepts CSR and Corporate Personality were contextualised - particularly with the investigation of related concepts; as well as critically examined - specifically in terms of their theoretical measurement properties. During the empirical research, quantitative research techniques have been utilised which involved: the application of certain ‘theoretically recognised phases’ of measuring instrument development; as well as a survey in the form of a ‘preliminary measuring instrument’ (in questionnaire format) that was administered on a random sample respondents (n = 350), including the statistical analysis of the results. 189 Questionnaires were completed, which gave a response rate of 54%. The statistical analysis mainly served as an effective guideline for determining the best CSR items (in terms of reliability and validity) to be included in the final version of the instrument. Apart from measuring CSR performance in line with the Bench Marks, the instrument that has been developed by this study, can also be used as a measuring mechanism for Corporate Personality. This is achieved by assessing company behaviour in terms of the theoretical dimensions of CSR (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) and Sustainable Development (economic, social and environmental). In doing so, this instrument provides companies with a unique way of identifying their status of being true Corporate Citizens.Thesis (Ph.D. (Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Johannesson, Gustav, and Martin Westport. "Sambandet mellan Corporate Social Performance och finansiell risk : - En kvantitativ studie som undersöker nordiska företag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75421.
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Examensarbete, Civilekonomprogrammet, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet Författare: Gustav Johannesson och Martin Westport Handledare: Andreas Stephan Medbedömare: Anna Stafsudd Titel: Sambandet mellan Corporate Social Performance och finansiell risk - En kvantitativ studie som undersöker nordiska företag Bakgrund: Företags sociala ansvar har ständigt funnits på företagsagendan under senaste åren efter ökade globala utmaningar och större påtryckningar från intressenter. Man kan se allt större risker som är kopplade till företags hållbarhetsarbete. Med bakgrund till detta finns det ett stort intresse och en uppåtgående trend kring hållbara investeringar där Norden är ledande inom området. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att förklara sambandet mellan Corporate Social Performance, både på en sammanslagen och individuell nivå, och finansiell risk. Metod: Genom den deduktiva forskningsansatsen och den kvantitativa forskningsstrategin som är baserad på paneldata testar författarna sina hypoteser. Författarna bygger sina hypoteser på intressentteorin och riskhanteringsteorin som testas med ett nordiskt urval på 144 företag under tidsperioden 2002-2016. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett negativt samband mellan Corporate Social Performance och finansiell risk. Det finns även ett negativt samband mellan företags sociala prestationer och finansiell risk. Detta är i linje med författarnas förväntningar. Däremot visar resultatet inga samband mellan företags miljömässiga och styrningsmässiga prestationer och deras finansiella risk.Degree Project, The Business Administration and Economics Programme, School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University Authors: Gustav Johannesson and Martin Westport Supervisor: Andreas Stephan Co-assessor: Anna Stafsudd Title: The relationship between Corporate Social Performance and Financial Risk - A quantitative study that examines Nordic companies Background: Corporate Social Responsibility has been on the corporate agenda in recent years following increased global challenges and greater pressure from stakeholders. One can see more risks associated with corporate sustainability. This has led to a great interest globally and an upward trend in Socially Responsible Investing where the Nordic region is at the leading edge. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explain the relationship between Corporate Social Performance, both at a combined and an individual level, and financial risk. Method: Through the deductive research approach and the quantitative research strategy that is based on panel data, the authors test their hypotheses. The authors base their hypotheses on stakeholder theory and risk management theory and test them with a Nordic sample of 144 companies over the period 2002-2016. Conclusion: The study results show that there is a negative relationship between Corporate Social Performance and financial risk. There is also a negative relationship between social performance and financial risk. This is in line with the authors’ expectations. However, the results show no relationship between companies’ environmental and governance performance and their financial risk.
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Abrash, Walton Abigail Ph D. "Positive Organizational Leadership and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Phenomenon of Institutional Fossil Fuel Divestment." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1464161682.
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Forget, Elisabeth. "L'investissement éthique : analyse juridique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA017.
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L’investissement éthique est un investissement fondé sur des critères extra-financiers : l’investisseur cherche un enrichissement tout en poursuivant une fin non matérielle tirée du respect de certaines valeurs La coloration éthique a vocation à rejaillir sur le régime de cet investissement. Elle dicte le contenu de la politique d’investissement, oblige les intermédiaires financiers à informer les investisseurs de manière adéquate, et les contraint à veiller à la conformité éthique de l’investissement jusqu’à son dénouement.L’investissement éthique ne saurait toutefois se limiter à cela. Adoptant une démarche conséquentialiste, les investisseurs peuvent s’engager auprès des émetteurs pour y défendre leurs valeurs. D’un point de vue théorique, cet activisme actionnarial met en lumière l’échec des thèses traditionnelles à définir la finalité des sociétés. Plutôt que de raisonner en termes d’intérêt social, il conviendrait à présent de recourir à la Stakeholder TheoryEthical investment is based on non-financial criteria: the investor expects a return on the investment while pursuing a non-material objective, based on the respect of certain values. Ethics bring a nuance, which impacts the set of rules for this type of investment. It establishes the content of the investment policy and requires financial intermediaries to inform investors adequately. It also forces them to ensure ethical compliance of the investment to its ending. Ethical investment, however, is not limited to this. By adopting a consequentialist approach, investors can engage with issuers to defend their values. From a theoretical point of view, this shareholder activism highlights the failure of traditional theories to define the purpose of companies. Because the concept of “intérêt social”, which the French doctrine struggles to define, leads to a deadlock, a cross-disciplinary approach, the Stakeholder Theory, should be preferred
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Ballout, Rami, and Fredrik Nygård. "Can intangibles lead to superior returns? : Global evidence on the relationship between employee satisfaction and abnormal equity returns." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73263.
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Subject background and discussion: In recent decades, issues of human rights, labor and environmental change has been hot topics world wide, which also has influenced the financial market. More and more investors use socially responsible investing (SRI) screens when constructing their portfolios. One form of SRI screen is to choose companies that have satisfied employees. Existing theory says that employee satisfaction is an intangible asset to the firm that will positively affect a firm’s performance in the future. Intangible assets are often unrecognized by the market and thereby not incorporated in the stock price. The efficient market hypothesis has been studied and debated for several decades. Proponents of the EMH argue that all available information is incorporated in the stock price, thus it is not possible to systematically beat the market. However, EMH is controversial, since research has shown different results regarding the possibility to make abnormal return from various investing strategy. Research question: Is it possible to make abnormal returns by investing in a portfolio of worldwide firms with top scores on the SRI screen employee satisfaction? Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine investor’s possibility to make abnormal return with controls for multiple risk factors by investing in worldwide firms with top scores in employee satisfaction. One sub-purpose is to examine how the market values intangibles depending on the degree of market efficiency. Another sub-purpose of the study is to test two different portfolio weighting methodologies, equally- and value weighted, and observe the differences between them. Theory: This study deals with the efficient market hypothesis and the concepts of SRI, employee satisfaction, intangible assets and several risk-adjusted measurements. Method: We have chosen to perform a quantitative study with a deductive approach to answer our research question. We used a sample size of 696 firms based on “Great Place to Works”- lists of companies with high employee satisfaction to construct sex portfolios with different holding periods and strategies. These portfolios have been explored and tested significantly with both equally and value weighted methods. Result/Analysis: The study finds significant evidence of an average annual abnormal return of 3,66% and 2,43% for our main portfolio over the market for equally- and value weighted, respectively, using the three-factor model. When adjusting for momentum, thus employing the four-factor model, all the predictive variables still identify strong persistence in the abnormal return, with statistical significance. Conclusion: The results show that it is possible to make abnormal returns, during the observed time period, regardless of the weighing methodology, although the equally weighted received higher abnormal returns. Thus, the market efficiency appears to be in weak form and does not fully value intangibles.
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Adolfssson, Alexander, and Marie Åström. "Development Finance Institutions’ Effect on The Fund Manager’s Investment Decisions : Balancing Financial Performance Goals and Development Impact Objectives." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124744.
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Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) have played a crucial role in moving socially responsibility considerations up on the private equity industry’s agenda. DFIs add a development impact criterion to traditional financial performance goals in the investment industry and play a catalytic role by mobilizing other investors. The gap in research regarding DFIs implications and significance in the investment community from a SRI perspective is evident. The development impact objective introduced by the DFIs is examined to understand its effects on fund managers’ decision-making and if it exists a trade-off between this objective and financial performance. An understanding of how DFIs control fund managers to act in accordance to their objective as well as how they determine compensation schemes to incentivize them to pursue high return on investments, is discussed in relation to the agency theory. Furthermore, stakeholder/shareholder consideration is examined in relation to the subject. The aim of this study is to examine how the behavior of fund managers is affected by the involvement of a DFI investor and try to add to the understanding of their significance as institutional investors in developing markets. Previous studies have been more focused on determining the financial performance of socially responsible investments by using very similar quantitative data collection methods. This thesis undertakes an in-depth approach with the purpose to understand the fund manager’s drives as well as how a DFI involvement affects the behavior and decision-making process. This thesis undertook a qualitative research strategy and semi-structured interviews were used as the tool to understand the fund managers’ personals beliefs and perceptions of how the relationship with DFIs affect them. The selection criteria for the fund managers was that they needed to work in a fund in which a DFIs has invested. We also included DFI investors in order to understand their point of view. The interview was recorded, transcribed and later divided into themes in accordance with the thematic approach, following six steps. Our findings show that Development Finance Institutions plays an important role in emerging markets and affect fund manager behavior to a certain extent. They did not perceive a trade-off between financial performance goals and development impact objectives. We conclude that DFIs increase fund manager focus on ESG/SEE elements in the investment process. DFIs requirements and reporting obligations is used as a tool to ensure that the fund manager act in accordance to DFI objective. The fund managers were neither willing to sacrifice commercial return in favor of development impact. Lastly, the interest among the DFIs and commercial investors is fairly similar, hence reducing the conflict of interest between investors.
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Arvidsson, Ulrica, and Ebba Ljungbergh. "Socially Responsible Investments : Are investors paying a price for investing ethically?" Thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27150.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference in performance and management fees between ethical and conventional mutual funds registered in Sweden. Our dataset consists of 49 ethical and 254 conventional funds, estimated on a 10-year period of time between January 2005 to January 2015. Jensen’s alpha is used as a measure for risk-adjusted performance and estimated through CAPM single-index model as well as by Carhart’s four-factor model. By adding back the management fees to the net returns and then estimate Jensen’s alpha by Carhart’s four-factor model once again, evidence of any differences in the impact on return between ethical and conventional funds is found. The results obtained from the study show that there is no difference in neither the risk-adjusted returns nor management fees between ethical and conventional funds. It is concluded that Swedish mutual fund investors are not paying a specific price in terms of reduced returns or higher management fees for putting social and ethical values into their financial investment decision.
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Chiu, Jia-Mei, and 邱佳眉. "Socially Responsible Investing and Managerial Myopic Behaviors." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31870780669753984210.
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碩士國立臺北大學
金融與合作經營學系
100
This study explores whether a myopia phenomenon exists in the Social Responsible Index and the Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Mutual Funds. “Myopia”, means a firm’s manager makes major efforts on short-term performance rather than concerning long-run value of their shareholder. Those corporations, who pay more attention to social responsibilities, may reduce the degree of myopia—do not heavily emphasize on short-term advantages. The contributions of this study will give the empirical evidences to clarify the inferences mentioned above. The major questions we would like to examine include: Does the Social Responsibility Index, for example DJSI (Dow Jones Sustainability Indices), chooses its component stocks depending on their long-run value instead of short-term earnings? In addition, whether a myopia phenomenon exists in the Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Mutual Funds in comparison to other mutual funds? For empirical studies, this research constructs a new proxy “Myopia”, which is built by the difference between the average returns of firms chasing short-term performance contrasted to those concerning long-run benefits of shareholders. Our sample ranges since 2002 to 2010, excluding financial institutions. The CAPM, Fama-French(1995) and Carhart(1997) multi-factor models are employed to examine the hypotheses. Our empirical results depict: The component stocks listed in DJSI do not show significant tendency to focus on short-term or long-run performance, however, the sample before 2008 financial crisis indicates myopia phenomenon. On the other hand, SRI mutual funds and conventional mutual funds tend to put more attention to long-run value, though the DJSI pursue myopia and underperform significantly.
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Chou, Ching-An, and 周慶安. "A Case Study of Socially Responsible Investing." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h6c8ch.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
105
With the development of Corporate Social Responsibility, enterprises such as institutional investors and asset managers have applied “Socially Responsible Investing(SRI)” when making investments in recent years. According to the investigation conducted by Global Sustainable Investment Association (GSIA) in 2016, the total amount of investment under SRI concept had reached $22 trillion; however, SRI was in the initial stage in domestic financial service sector. The company of this case had undergone some thorny problems when implementing the policy on SRI. To take this case as a research target, the research implemented interviews with the internal manager and executives to figure out the path of the policy and the procedure of the implementation. The purpose of the research is to find out what kinds of difficulties the company might encounter and how the company managed them during the implementation of the policy on SRI. After the interview and analysis, the research will make some conclusion and suggestion for this case so as to be the reference for other enterprises. The results of the study were organized in the following statements: 1. Cooperating with different sources and analyzing whether the company should buy a couple of various databases are essential decisions for the company. 2. When it comes to investing process in SRI, it’s significant that the company combine ESG factors into screening process appropriately.
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Huang, Shu-Chen, and 黃淑貞. "The Feasibility Study of Socially Responsible Investing in Taiwan." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18984556412543568004.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理學系
87
1.The attitude of the mutual fund managers toward socially responsible is as follows: Socially responsible investing (SRI) is the practice of making investment decisions on basis of both financeal and social performance. In SRI, there are two categories of screening methods, exclusive screening and positive screening. This study explores the feasibility of SRI in Taiwan with exclusive screeening method and providing a questionnaire. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.THe attitude of the mutual fund managers toward socially responsible is as follows: (1)The managers'' major concerns on the performance mutual funds are financial performance, management abil8ity and productive technology. (2)The fund managers do not consider the corporate social performance (CSP) as a key factor when they make investment decisions. (3)The monitor of the managers toward CSP is the corporate officers concerns more about their own social image than social responsibilities. 2.Although the managers like to invest in socially responsible investing (SRI), yet they argue that the returns of SRI may not be better than the returns of non-screening portfolios. 3.The performance analysis of SRI is as follows: Under this feasible study, all the performance indexes say that SRI in Taiwan has had lower risk, yet higher rate of return. Although most managers argue that it is not right time to make an ethical fund at this moment, yet it is a good idea to screen the corporate social performance. Although the fund managers do not care about social responsibilities, and they argue that the returns of SRI may not be good. However, the study found that the simulating socially responsible investing has had better financial performance in Taiwan. So we can say the socially responsible investing in Taiwan is feasible.
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Wen, Tzu-Ping, and 溫梓評. "Does Socially Responsible Investing Work in Taiwan’s Stock Market?" Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89707943566305657383.
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碩士國立中興大學
財務金融系所
100
In view of the increasing awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the lack of related researches in Taiwan, we have interest in whether we are able to apply this concept to Taiwan’s stock market. In this research, we would like to know if the performances of CSR-related portfolios can outperform the market. And whether we can earn higher returns compared with Taiwan’s stock market’s via our newly-proposed method. At last, whether the return anomaly exists in Taiwan’s stock market? Our finding shows that in the long run, most of our portfolios, CSR-related portfolios perform better than the benchmark no matter when we start to hold. And our socially responsible investment (SRI) portfolio is also able to outperform the benchmark but with a slightly different magnitude. The return anomaly seems not to exist. We think that it is due to the shortage of our sample points; therefore, we can’t jump to the conclusion that it doesn’t exist in Taiwan’s stock market. In the near future, we hope that we are able to gain enough data to look into this phenomenon and socially responsible investment.
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Allaire, Laurence. "Promoting socially responsible investing to high net worth individuals." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/66388.
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As sustainability considerations gain popularity among individual investors, financial insitutions
need to expand their Sustainable Finance strategy as to encompass, namely, Socially Responsible
Investing (SRI) solutions. At ING Luxembourg, in the Private Banking department, one specific
area for sustainability improvement concerns the investment fund offer. This Work Project is
dedicated to developing a process in order to give the ING Aria European Bonds sub-fund a SRI
focus. The transformed sub-fund must, in addition to provide a sustainable investment alternative
to investors, be designed in a competitive way relative to other products in the market and
outperform its agreed-upon benchmark
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Schilin, Roman. "Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) : does being social pay off?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29296.
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Considering social aspects into the investment decision has become of increasing importance for financial institutions. This dissertation applies multiple screening methodologies with the aim of reflecting the profile of a social investor to identify whether an ethical investment approach is compatible with achieving superior financial performance. For the positive screening methods, the dissertation applies the Thomson Reuters ESG score and its sub-components as an indicator for corporate social performance. The S&P 500 index serves as the investment universe, and its constituents are categorized into deciles, and value-weighted portfolios are created upon them. The lowest- and highest-rated portfolios are analysed. The negative screen excludes companies involved in controversial business areas from the investment universe. Their cumulative returns are compared to the index performance over the investment period from 2003 until 2018, while controlling for the influence of the Carhart four-factors. The analysis reveals that socially responsible portfolios result in negative Alphas, indicating that ethical goals cannot be achieved without hurting the financial performance. Ethical companies show a substantially higher market capitalization, resulting in negative SMB factors which contribute to the underperformance of the social portfolios. Sin Stocks do majorly drive the abnormal returns of the low-rated portfolio, and their exclusion eliminates its outperformance to the index. The goal of creating a social investment strategy providing abnormal returns was not reached.O investimento socialmente responsável tornou-se de importância crescente para as instituições financeiras. Esta dissertação aplica múltiplas metodologias de triagem com o objetivo de refletir o perfil de um investidor socialmente responsável para identificar se uma abordagem de investimento ético é compatível com um melhor desempenho financeiro. Para efeitos de triagem positiva, a dissertação aplica a pontuação ESG da Thomson Reuters e seus subcomponentes como um indicador para o desempenho social corporativo. O índice S&P 500 serve como universo de investimento e seus constituintes são categorizados em decis. Através dos decis, os portfólios com ponderação de valor são criados sendo os de classificação mais baixa e mais alta analisados. O filtro negativo exclui as empresas envolvidas em áreas de negócios controversas. Os seus retornos cumulativos são comparados com o desempenho do índice durante o período de investimento de 2003 até 2018. As variáveis de controlo são as quatro que compõem o modelo de Carhart. A análise revela que portfólios com títulos de empresas socialmente responsáveis resultam em alfas negativos, indicando que objetivos éticos não podem ser alcançados sem prejudicar o desempenho financeiro. Empresas com ações eticamente responsáveis mostram uma capitalização de mercado substancialmente superior, resultando em fatores SMB negativos que contribuem para o mau desempenho das carteiras das mesmas. A presença das “Sin Stocks” impulsionam os retornos anormais do portfólio de baixa classificação ética, e a sua exclusão elimina o desempenho superior ao índice. O objetivo de criar uma estratégia de investimento social que obtenha retornos anormais não foi alcançado.
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Chen, Mei-Yi, and 陳眉衣. "Predictor of investors’ intention to buy socially responsible investing funds." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gswttb.
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Mtshazo, Zingisa Nozuko. "Socially responsible investing and social private equity in South Africa." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23217.
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The purpose of this exploratory research is to explore the nature of socially responsible investment (SRI) activity in South Africa. More especially, and on the back of the reported success of private equity in South Africa, the study seeks to establish the potential of a social private equity investment model as a subset of SRI? The study interviewed twelve investment professionals using in-depth semi¬structured interviews. The study found that, contrary to what the literature had revealed about trends in the UK and the US,. the respondents had a more cohesive understanding of what characterised SRI activities. The study also confirmed developed market trends that scepticism about the commercial value offered by SRI activities still prevailed among investors. The study further revealed that a great deal of effort was being channelled towards the development of best-in-class measurement tools to measure and report on social value added, even by those who did not view themselves as being active in the SRI arena. Although still in its embryonic stage, respondents were found to be very positive about the potential for social private equity within the SRI arena. The research makes recommendations that speak to the urgent need for improved and increased industry engagement on ways to develop the sector, as well as ways to market and increase the profile of the efforts and successes already achieved on both financial and social aspects.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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WU, HSIU LIEN, and 吳秀蓮. "A study on the Socially Responsible Investing Funds in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29602123792172261746.
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碩士國立臺北大學
國際財務金融碩士在職專班
102
The study screens Fubon Taiwan CSR fund and 2 general mutual funds from the list provided by Taiwan Economic Journal CO.,Ltd， Fubon Taiwan CSR fund and general mutual funds and examines their monthly returns， employing the CAPM model and calculate the alpha value of each single fund and adopt a regression based method。 The empirical results of this study do not appear to show The fubon Taiwan CSR fund better than general mutual funds。
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許菁菁. "The study on tjhe performance of simulating the socially responsible investing portfolio." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90419903108792893862.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理學系
88
Corporate Social Performance (CPS) affects not only their business but also the society. This study explores the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance by simulating the performance of socially responsible inverting portfolio with a questionnaire and performance indices. The conclusion of this study are as follows: 1. Identifying eighty corporations as the social responsible corporations through questionnaires which managers in the large enterprises are asked to evaluate the organizations within their own industry on six different variables. The six attributes are (1) long-term investment value, (2) quality of products or service, (3) responsibility of environment clearness, (4) training and education of employee (5) responsibility of public welfare, (6) honesty of the business operation. 2. The relationship between social performance and financial performance proved significantly positive. 3. Social Responsible Inverting (SRI) is the practice of making investment decision on both financial and social performance. This study found that the simulating SRI better performance on five indices including Jensen, Ajusted Jensen, Sharpe, Treynor and M.C.V. performance indices. This work also found that the simulating SRI portfolio had lower risk but higher rate of return. Consequently, we believe that invertors, fund managers and government should emphasize SRI and improve CSP.
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Pereira, Patrícia Araújo. "The impact of socially responsible investing on the performance of European bond portfolios." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/55505.
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Dissertação de mestrado em FinançasThis dissertation investigates the performance of socially screened bond portfolios of 189 Eurozone companies between 2003 and 2016. Bond portfolios are formed on the basis of an aggregate measure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as well as on specific dimensions of CSR: the environment, social and governance dimensions. The high- and lowrated portfolios consist of the best and worst socially rated companies with bonds in each period, respectively. Our results suggest that the performance of high-rated bonds is not statistically different from that of low-rated bonds. We further analyze the evolution of bond portfolio performance over time. The results indicate that in an earlier stage portfolios of high-rated bonds outperformed portfolios of low-rated bonds. Yet, over time this outperformance diminishes and loses statistical significance. These results suggest that the errors-in-expectations hypothesis and the shunned-stock hypothesis are not only useful to explain the performance of equity portfolios but they are also useful in explaining the performance of fixed-income securities over time. When analyzing the performance of SRI bond portfolios in different market states, the results show no performance differences in periods of recessions compared to expansions.
Esta dissertação investiga o desempenho de carteiras de obrigações socialmente responsáveis de 189 empresas da zona euro entre 2003 e 2016. As carteiras de obrigações são formadas com base numa medida agregada de responsabilidade social empresarial bem como em dimensões específicas de responsabilidade social empresarial: dimensão ambiental, social e de governação. As carteiras com classificações altas e baixas incluem as melhores e piores empresas (em termos de responsabilidade social) com obrigações em cada período, respetivamente. Os nossos resultados sugerem que o desempenho de obrigações com classificações altas não é estatisticamente diferente do das obrigações com classificações baixas. Analisamos, adicionamente, a evolução do desempenho das carteiras de obrigações ao longo do tempo. Os resultados indicam que numa primeira fase as carteiras com classificações altas superaram o desempenho das carteiras com avaliações baixas. No entanto, ao longo do tempo o seu desempenho diminuiu e perdeu significância estatística. Estes resultados sugerem que a errors-in-expectations hypothesis e shunned-stock hypothesis não são apenas úteis para explicar o desempenho de carteiras de ações mas são também úteis para explicar o desempenho de carteiras de obrigações ao longo do tempo. Ao analisar o desempenho de carteiras de obrigações socialmente responsáveis em diferentes estados do mercado, os resultados não mostram diferenças no desempenho em períodos de recessões em comparação com expansões.
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Ma, Aixin. "Three essays on socially responsible investing: A summary look, eco -efficiency and measuring opportunity cost." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3336964.
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Over the study period of 1995 to 2006, performance disparities are reported between mutual funds engaged in socially responsible investing (SRI funds) and non-SRI funds. After introducing a social factor and firm specific risk variables, an extension to the Fama-French-Carhart four-factor model seems able to capture all the cross-sectional variations in returns. The hypothesis that social investing incurs a risk that is priced therefore cannot be rejected for the sample of this study. The first essay also briefly discusses why the recent surge in oil prices cannot fully explain the performance differentials between SRI funds and non-SRI funds. The second essay explores the relationship between environmental and financial performance. It focuses on the question: Does social screening based on environmental sustainability constitute a winning strategy for socially responsible mutual funds? Using the Business Ethics Magazine's Best 100 Corporate Citizens ranking, the study analyzes market returns of the 20 firms on the list with the highest environment scores (the "greenest" group) and those of a control group made up of their closest industry competitors. The "greenest" group underperformed the CRSP market portfolio in excess standard deviation adjusted returns (ESDAR). On the other hand, the control group outperformed the market portfolio in both raw returns and ESDAR. A study of six actual "green funds" indicates that on average these funds did better than the arbitrary "green" portfolios over the study period on a after-fee basis. The third essay explores the measuring of the opportunity cost associated with social screening from a unique angle—by how much the performance ceiling is lowered when a group of stocks of varying characteristics are excluded from the investment pool. Three new measures, the Sharpe-ratio Reduction Cost (SRC), the Opportunity Cost (OC), and the Opportunity Maximization Skill (OMS), are developed to assist in exploring this matter. I conclude that the hypothesis "social screening does involve measurable opportunity cost" cannot be rejected. On the other hand, managers for SRI funds and non-SRI funds do not seem to differ significantly in their ability to reach their performance ceilings.
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蕭美娟. "The performance evaluation of socially responsible investing mutual funds:take examples of U.S. asset management companies." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75918094263509562081.
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碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
92
Till now none of Mutual funds follows the socially responsible investing methodology in Taiwan. Lack of academic researches and practical operations made this research study SRI. This research aimed at bringing the relative knowledge and experience of SRI to public investors, asset management companies and industry enterprise, also wished to make them all value corporate social responsibility. At result, the Financial Supervisory Commission — Securities and Futures Bureau will place importance on SRI. In this research, the selected sample funds had been found over 5 years and all followed SRI methodology to invest in American stocks. Then the research evaluated the performance of the sample funds by the methods of Treynor、Sharpe and Jensen. SRI only invests in companies which considerate of social responsibility, such as ethics, environmental protection, social equitableness and safe and sound products. These kinds of companies will contribute lots of positive effects to society or at least won’t bring any negative effects. In recent years, SRI has gradually become the trend of global investment. More and more investors in the Western countries invested SRI mutual funds. However, it is still a long way to go in Asian’s asset management markets. As a matter of fact, the need of social responsible information from those investors is the best catalyst to make the issue of social responsibility seriousness. It also means the stronger power of public supervision. At last, it will cause more and more enterprises conscientiously look up social responsibility. Therefore here I truly hope that SRI funds will be found in the near future in Taiwan.