Academic literature on the topic 'Societal Threat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Societal Threat"
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Elad-Strenger, Julia, and Golan Shahar. "Revisiting the Effects of Societal Threat Perceptions on Conflict-related Positions." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 8 (2017): 1753–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717703684.
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Past research has produced convincing evidence for the association between perceived societal threat and political conservatism. Based on the view of political worldviews and threat perceptions as multifaceted constructs, the present study suggests that certain types of perceived threat are actually associated with the endorsement of more politically liberal positions. Employing a three-wave naturalistic design, we examined the unique longitudinal effects of perceived threats from real-life political events that challenge either liberal or conservative values, on conflict-related attitudes, using a nationally representative sample of Jewish-Israelis ( N = 437). Consistent with our hypotheses, perceived threat from events that challenge conservative values was associated with increased militaristic attitudes and decreased willingness to compromise for peace over time, whereas perceived threat from events that challenge liberal values was related to decreased militaristic attitudes and increased willingness to compromise for peace over time. Theoretical and practical implications of these longitudinal effects are discussed.
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Kashima, Yoshihisa, Simon Dennis, Andrew Perfors, and Simon M. Laham. "Culture and global societal threats: COVID-19 as a pathogen threat to humanity." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 2 (2021): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220982075.
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The COVID-19 global pandemic has brought into sharp focus the urgency of tackling the question of how globalized humanity responds to a global societal threat, which can adversely affect a large portion of the human population. Changing geospatial distribution of COVID-19 morbidity paints a gloomy picture of cross-national differences in human vulnerabilities across the globe. We describe the dynamic nexus among societal – particularly pathogen – threat, social institutions, and culture, and discuss collectivism (ingroup favouritism and outgroup avoidance) and tightness (narrow prescription of behaviours and severe punishment of norm violations) as potential cultural adaptations to prevalent pathogen threats. We then sketch out a theoretical framework for cultural dynamics of collective adaptation to pathogen threats, outline a large number of theory- and policy-relevant research questions and what answers we have at present, and end with a call for renewed efforts to investigate collective human responses to societal threats.
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Dallago, Francesca, and Michele Roccato. "Right‐wing authoritarianism, Big Five and perceived threat to safety." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 2 (2010): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.745.
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Using structural equations modelling, we performed a secondary analysis of the data collected by the Italian Observatory of the North West (Italian national sample, N = 976) to investigate the direct, mediated and moderated relations connecting the Big Five personality factors and perceived personal and societal threat to safety with right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA). Openness, Conscientiousness and perceived societal threat to safety exerted additive effects on RWA; the relation between Openness and RWA was partially mediated by societal threat to safety and that between societal threat to safety and RWA was moderated by Openness. Limitations and possible developments of this research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Ward, Geoff K. "RACIALIZED CRIME CONTROL AND SOCIETAL EXCLUSION." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 9, no. 1 (2012): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x12000112.
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In 1930, W. E. B. Du Bois warned of an approaching backlash of racialized crime control and the two-pronged threat this posed to Black civil society. These were not altogether new threats—American criminal law and crime control practices had always been mechanisms of racialized societal exclusion—but Du Bois anticipated unprecedented levels of Black criminalization and incarceration in the second half of the twentieth century, and some of the collateral damage that would ensue. Du Bois's (1930) warning focused on juvenile crime and justice, “a problem which one can easily see among the better colored people of New York and Philadelphia, of Indianapolis and Chicago, of Pittsburgh and Baltimore, and all of our major cities” (p. 352). Du Bois (1916) had long been concerned with issues of child development and youth justice, since the fate of the “immortal child” inevitably defined the prospects and conditions of the race (Diggs 1976).
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Quadros, Hadley, and Vatika Sibal. "Societal Panorama of Power: Emancipation of Women or Threat?" Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 8, no. 01 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/sijmas080101.
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The pandemic has brought the world to a standstill. The dearth to survive in the wake of devastation has made humans adapt to the new normal which was never experienced but now has become a protocol. The phrase which was the tagline for global partnerships ‘united we stand, divided we fall’ has now transformed into ‘divided we stand, united we fall’, as a claim to survive this pandemic. In India where the virus has claimed the maximum toll of human lives, continues to fight various battles to survive. On one side, the health workers, doctors, police are risking their lives so that the common man may not be affected while on the other hand, people within the houses are falling victims to domestic and sexual abuse. In the light of the pandemic that has claimed lives as well as loss of employment; the struggle to survive has hit a different tone especially among the lower and the middle income families. The frustration of losing a job is vented on the family members as there remains no source of income to support the family. This article tries to unearth the existing social problems of abuse among men and women at large especially during the pandemic. The principle of resistance is understood in the sexual division of labour where individuals are now trying to be communicating with the outside world while remaining at home.
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Odo, Anselm Ikenna. "Religious Manipulation: A Threat to Societal Development in Nigeria." PREDESTINASI 13, no. 2 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/predestinasi.v13i2.19357.
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This paper sought to posit that religious manipulation is a threat to societal development in Nigeria. The researcher adopts descriptive method. Nigeria today has been known with a lot of diversity of belief which in one way or the other has a negative impact to the societal development. It is noticed that the diversity of religious practices in Nigeria is the outcome of manipulation. For a society to develop, tolerance is at times its fulcrum. The author concludes that intolerance and insurgency is as a result of religious manipulation. Which was as a result of poor checkmating of religious belief in Nigeria and to curtail it before it reaches to the worst stage. However, this paper recommends that in order to control this perilous act, there is a need for Nigeria to emulate on how to treat people irrespective of religion. And enhance peace education in Africa.
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Carlà, Andrea. "Societal Security in South Tyrol: A Model to Deal with Ethnic Conflicts." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 12, no. 1 (2015): 56–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004306134_004.
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South Tyrol has been referred to as a model to deal with ethnic diversity and resolving ethnic conflicts. This article explains the South Tyrol model’s success by blending ethnic politics with concepts from security studies: societal security and securitization. Societal security refers to threats that emerge from the fact that humans belong to communal groups that do not correspond to defined state borders. Securitization is the process by which an issue is considered as an existential threat that requires emergency measures. The article develops a framework to identify which dynamics made South Tyrol successful, analyzing factors that sparked security concerns and processes of securitization and highlighting actions and measures that tackled these dynamics. Concurrently, South Tyrol is used as an empirical case to expand our understanding of societal security and elaborate (and test) a detailed toolkit to prevent or dissolve the violent mobilization of ethnic diversity and societal security threats.
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Roccato, Michele, and Silvia Russo. "Right-wing authoritarianism, societal threat to safety, and psychological distress." European Journal of Social Psychology 47, no. 5 (2017): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2236.
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Mirisola, Alberto, Michele Roccato, Silvia Russo, Giulia Spagna, and Alessio Vieno. "Societal Threat to Safety, Compensatory Control, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism." Political Psychology 35, no. 6 (2013): 795–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pops.12048.
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Perry, Ryan, and Chris G. Sibley. "Seize and freeze: Openness to Experience shapes judgments of societal threat." Journal of Research in Personality 47, no. 6 (2013): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.06.006.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Societal Threat"
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Ratliff, Chasity. "The Effects of Societal Threat on Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2335.
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The present study examined the effects of societal threat on levels of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and investigated if those self-report measures were consistent or inconsistent with a measure of implicit attitudes regarding Americans and Immigrants. Exposure to societal threat was hypothesized to increase authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, as well as to increase implicit prejudicial attitudes, as measured by the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), towards out-group members. Based on prior findings, men were expected to have higher levels of social dominance orientation. As predicted, exposure to societal threat significantly increased right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Additionally, men endorsed greater levels of social dominance orientation than did women. However, there were no statistically significant differences in implicit attitudes between the participants who were exposed to societal threat and those who were not (all p’s > .05).
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Lacouture, Matthew Thomas. "Liberalization, Contention, and Threat: Institutional Determinates of Societal Preferences and the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Morocco." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2130.
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Why do revolutions happen? What role do structures, institutions, and actors play in precipitating (or preventing) them? Finally, What might compel social mobilization against a regime in the face of potentially insurmountable odds? These questions are all fundamentally about state-society (strategic) interactions, and elite and societal preference formation over time. The self-immolation of Muhammad Bouazizi in Sidi Bouzid on December 17, 2010, served as a focal point upon which over twenty years of corrupt, coercive authoritarian rule were focused into a single, unified challenge to the Ben Ali regime. The regime's brutality was publicized via social media activism and satellite television, precipitating mass mobilization across Tunisia and, eventually, throughout the region and beyond. In light of the rapid and unforeseen nature of these events, scholars writing about the causes of the Arab Spring have focused their critiques on scholarship that they felt overemphasized the role of institutions and elite-level actors over 'under the radar' changes within society. This paper essentially agrees with this point of view, but is not content to simply 'throw out' institutionalism. As Timur Kuran (1991) argued in the wake of the unforeseen collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, one cannot understand revolution without understanding the 'true' preferences of social actors. In this way, the inevitability of revolutionary surprises seems a given so long as analysts continue to look from the top-down. Yet, this paper contends that institutions do still matter. They matter because different institutional arrangements incentivize and constrain regime strategies, which, in turn, inform the strategic calculations and preference orderings within society. These two societal variables are determined - in part - by the degree of regime flexibility, and they affect whether, how, and where social actors choose to vent their dissent.
This paper proposes a model for the development of contentious social mobilization under authoritarianism. In order to do so, two models - one game-theoretic, and the other rooted in the contentious politics subfield of political sociology - are synthesized toward elucidating how altered societal preferences affect strategic interactions between the regime and society over time and during acute contentious episodes. The synthesized model is then illustrated through narrative case studies of two North African states that experienced divergent outcomes in the wake of the Arab Spring: Tunisia and Morocco. The limited spaces and institutions for the expression of dissent in Tunisia gradually changed societal preferences over time. In 2010, Tunisians' preferences shifted from various socioeconomic demands and other issue-specific grievances toward a galvanized demand for the fall of the regime. In Morocco, on the other hand, social actors, by and large, continued to prefer limited reforms to a complete upheaval of the political system. This paper contends that this divergence in preferences and therefore outcomes was in part determined by the variation in the two regimes' respective strategic mixes of concessions and/or coercion. To the extent that such strategies and institutions were more flexible - i.e. were more permissive of (limited) political contention and contestation - social movements were less likely to become emboldened against the regime.
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Zill, Alexander. "Legitimacy Crises. A General Approach to explain Violations of Societal Shared Convictions in various Domains and its Impact on Emotion and Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-232235.
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The violation of societal shared convictions is a phenomenon which can occur in different situations of daily living. Previous research investigated this phenomenon in various domains (e.g., morality and competence) separately while neglecting the similarities. This dissertation’s basic assumption is that violations of societal shared convictions in various domains lead to the same state, namely a legitimacy crisis, as the construct of legitimacy is closely related to social norms and values. A legitimacy crisis is an individual’s perception that his or her actions or characteristics are not or less appropriate as they are discrepant to the societal shared convictions in the given situation. Based on the general assumption that legitimacy crises go beyond existing theories on the violation of societal shared convictions, this work contributes to three general issues: First, it provides a theoretical integration into and continuation of overarching theoretical frameworks of legitimacy, discrepancy and threat. Second, it conducts an empirical examination of legitimacy crises throughout the two main domains of morality and competence, focusing especially on the mediating function of legitimacy crises between the discrepancy and subsequent consequences. Third, it contributes a theoretical development and empirical examination of emotional and behavioral consequences of legitimacy crises across the two main domains of morality and competence. To address these issues, this dissertation discusses the general meaning of legitimacy in the context of social and organizational psychology research and especially the different perspectives on legitimacy, thereby working out a deeper understanding of the self and legitimacy. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that experiencing legitimacy crises is threatening for one´s self as it followed by specific emotional and behavioral reactions. To empirically investigate the theoretical considerations, nine studies in various domains with different methods (scenarios, recall, face-to-face interactions and field studies) were conducted. The four studies in Chapter 4, four studies generally focus on the construct of legitimacy crises in the context of morality and competence, and examine the mediating function of a legitimacy crisis on the emotional and behavioral consequences. While participants in the first two studies worked on a scenario about a psychology intern in a hospital, participants in the last two studies dealt with unmoral behavior (in-basket exercise and a recall task about an unmoral behavior). Independent from the domain, all four studies of Chapter 4 provide evidence that legitimacy crises are judgments of a perceived violation of societal shared convictions. The results show the expected mediating function of legitimacy crises between the perception of the violation of societal shared convictions and moral emotions (guilt and shame). Whereas feelings of guilt led to an increase of moral behavior, feelings of shame decreased moral behavior. As an example for the moral domain, Chapter 5 takes a closer look on the role of bystanders in the context of social exclusion. Bystanders’ inactions violate the social norms of inclusion and equality. Until now, research on social exclusion has focused primarily on targets and perpetrators, demonstrating that both experience social exclusion situations as threatening. This chapter wants to expand this knowledge and improve the understanding of the psychological processes of bystanders to potentially facilitate interventions for social exclusion situations. The results of three studies with varying methods (recall and face-to-face interaction paradigm) strengthen the general findings of Chapter 4. Bystanders who evaluate their inaction as less appropriate report more feelings of shame and guilt which lead to more social defense reactions compared to targets. To extend the general findings on competence in Chapter 4, Chapter 6 exemplarily examines leaders who perceive that they are not able to meet the expectations of the leadership role in two field studies. The findings demonstrate that leaders, who perceived to be violating the societal expectations towards their role as leader, evaluated their actions as less appropriate thereby eliciting a higher extent of job insecurity that led to more silence behavior. Moreover, the results show that leader silence and follower silence are negatively related, especially when the leader is perceived as unjust. In line with the findings of Chapter 4 and 5, the construct of legitimacy crises is also a relevant mediator in the context of leadership. In general, the theoretical considerations and the empirical findings of this dissertation demonstrate the important role of the construct of legitimacy crises in various domains and emphasize its mediating function between the violation of societal shared convictions and the subsequent emotional and behavioral reactions. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications. To understand the underlying process of discrepancies with normative standards, the Self-Standards Model and the construct of legitimacy crises provide an important theoretical framework, which works independent from the specific domain. Understanding legitimacy crises provides starting points for the development of interventions for people experiencing legitimacy crises<br>Die Verletzung von gesellschaftlich geteilten Überzeugungen ist ein Phänomen, welches in verschiedenen Situationen des täglichen Lebens auftreten kann. Die bisherige Forschung hat dieses Phänomen in unterschiedlichen Bereichen (bspw., Moral und Kompetenz) getrennt betrachtet und mögliche Gemeinsamkeiten vernachlässigt. Diese Dissertation geht davon aus, dass die Verletzung von gesellschaftlich geteilten Überzeugungen in unterschiedlichen Bereichen zu dem gleichen Zustand führt, einer Legitimitätskrise, da gerade das Konzept der Legitimität mit gesellschaftlichen Normen und Werten eng verknüpft ist. Eine Legitimitätskrise ist die Wahrnehmung eines Individuums, dass deren Handlungen oder Eigenschaften in Bezug zu gesellschaftlichen Überzeugungen in einer bestimmten Situation gar nicht oder wenig angemessen sind. Ausgehend von der generellen Annahme, dass Legitimitätskrisen über bestehende Theorien im Rahmen der Verletzung von gesellschaftlichen Überzeugungen hinausgehen, trägt diese Arbeit zu drei generellen Punkten bei: Erstens, eine theoretische Integration und Weiterführung von übergreifenden theoretischen Rahmenmodellen in Bereichen Legitimität, Diskrepanzen und Bedrohungen. Zweitens, eine empirische Untersuchung von Legitimitätskrisen in den beiden zentralen Bereichen Moral und Kompetenz. Drittens, theoretische Entwicklung und empirische Untersuchung von emotionalen und behavioralen Konsequenzen von Legitimitätskrisen in den beiden Bereichen Moral und Kompetenz. Zur Erreichung dieser Punkte wird im Rahmen der Dissertation zunächst die generelle Bedeutung von Legitimität im Kontext sozial und organisationspsychologischer Forschung diskutiert, besonders die verschiedenen Perspektiven von Legitimität. Dies dient vor allem der Herausarbeitung eines tieferen Verständnisses von Selbst und Legitimität. Des Weiteren geht diese Arbeit näher darauf ein, dass Legitimitätskrisen bedrohlich für das eigene Selbst sind und wie Menschen auf der emotionalen und behavioralen Ebene damit umgehen. Zur empirischen Untersuchung dieser theoretischen Überlegungen wurden neun Studien in unterschiedlichen Bereichen mit verschiedenen Methoden (Szenarien, Erinnerung, direkte Interaktionen und Feldstudien) durchgeführt. Kapitel 4 beschäftigt sich in vier Studien mit dem Konstrukt der Legitimitätskrise im Kontext von Moral und Kompetenz. Dabei wird auch die mediierende Funktion auf emotionale und behaviorale Konsequenzen näher untersucht. Während die Teilnehmer in den ersten beiden Studien an einem Szenario über ein Praktikum in einem Krankenhaus arbeiten, beschäftigen sich die Teilnehmer der letzten beiden Studien mit unmoralischen Verhaltensweisen (Postkorbübung und Erinnerungsaufgabe über unmoralisches Verhalten). Unabhängig vom Bereich legen alle vier Studien in Kapitel 4 nahe, dass Legitimitätskrisen Bewertungen einer wahrgenommenen Verletzung von gesellschaftlich geteilten Überzeugungen sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die mediierende Funktion von Legitimitätskrisen zwischen der wahrgenommenen Verletzung gesellschaftlich geteilter Überzeugungen und moralischen Emotionen (Schuld und Scham). Während Gefühle von Schuld zu einem Anstieg von moralischem Verhalten führen, reduzieren Gefühle von Scham moralisches Verhalten. Beispielhaft für den moralischen Bereich, beschäftigt sich Kapitel 5 näher mit der Rolle von Bystandern im Rahmen von Sozialem Ausschluss. Das Nichthandeln von Bystandern verletzt dabei soziale Normen von Inklusion und Gleichheit. Die bisherige Forschung hat sich hauptsächlich mit Opfern und Tätern auseinandergesetzt und zeigt, dass beide Situationen Sozialen Ausschlusses als bedrohlich empfinden. Dieses Kapitel möchte den bisherigen Wissensstand erweitern und die Erkenntnisse über die psychologischen Prozesse bei Bystandern verbessern um mögliche Interventionen daraus ableiten zu können. Die Ergebnisse von drei Studien mit ganz unterschiedlichen Methoden (Erinnerung und direkte Interkation) stärken die Befunde aus Kapitel 4. Im Vergleich zu Opfern bewerten Bystander ihr Nichthandeln als weniger angemessen, berichten mehr Scham und Schuld, was wiederum zu mehr sozialen Verteidigungsreaktionen führt. Kapitel 6 vertieft die generellen Erkenntnisse aus Kapitel 4 im Bereich Kompetenz, indem es sich im Rahmen von zwei Feldstudien exemplarisch mit Führungskräften beschäftigt, welche sich nicht in der Lage sehen, die an sie gestellten Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Führungskräfte, die eine Verletzung von gesellschaftlich geteilten Überzeugungen an sich wahrnehmen, ihre Handlungen als weniger angemessen bewerten, was zu einem höheren Ausmaß an Jobunsicherheit führt, dass wiederum Schweigeverhalten erhöht. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass Schweigeverhalten von Führungskräften und Mitarbeitern in einem negativen Zusammenhang steht, vor allem wenn die Führungskraft als ungerecht wahrgenommen wird. Wie in Kapitel 4 und 5 zeigt sich auch hier, dass das Konstrukt der Legitimitätskrisen als relevanter Mediator im Rahmen von Führung angesehen werden kann. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die theoretischen Überlegungen als auch empirischen Befunde dieser Dissertation zeigen, dass das Konstrukt der Legitimitätskrise in verschiedenen Bereichen eine wichtige Rolle spielt, vor allem die mediierende Funktion zwischen Verletzung gesellschaftlich geteilter Überzeugungen und dem unmittelbar nachfolgenden emotionalen und behavioralen Reaktionen. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich theoretische und praktische Implikationen ableiten. Um die zugrundeliegenden Prozesse von Diskrepanzen besser verstehen zu können, bietet das Self-Standards Model und das Konstrukt der Legitimitätskrise ein geeignetes Rahmenmodell, welches unabhängig von dem jeweiligen Bereich funktioniert. Des Weiteren liefern diese Erkenntnisse Ansatzpunkte um Interventionen für Menschen entwickeln zu können, deren Legitimitätswahrnehmung in eine Krise geraten ist
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Rottenbacher, Jan Marc. "The discrimination against domestic helpers, and social-spatial segregation in the beaches of Lima." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100766.
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This study analyses the influence of political conservatism on support for discrimination against domestic labourers and positive attitudes toward socio-spatial segregation in the use of Lima’s beaches in a sample of university undergraduate students. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) were assessed. Intolerance to ambiguity was evaluated as a measure of cognitive rigidity. A path analysis proposes that SDO and intolerance of ambiguity exert a direct influence on support for discrimination against domestic labourers. Also, SDO and RWA exert a direct influence on positive attitudes toward socio-spatial segregation in the beaches. Finally, a positive correlation between discriminatory attitudes and a positive attitude toward socio-spatial segregation was observed.<br>En una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, se analiza la influencia de la ideología política conservadora sobre el apoyo al trato discriminatorio hacia las empleadas domésticas y sobre la actitud favorable hacia la segregación socioespacial en el uso de los balnearios de Lima. Se utilizaron medidas de autoritarismo de ala derecha (RWA) y de orientación hacia la dominancia social (SDO). La intolerancia a la ambigüedad se utilizó como indicador de rigidez cognitiva. Un diagrama de sendero propone que la SDO y la intolerancia a la ambigüedad ejercen influencia directa sobre el apoyo al trato discriminatorio hacia las empleadas domésticas. Asimismo, la SDO y el RWA ejercen influencia directa sobre el apoyo hacia la segregación socioespacial en el uso de los balnearios. Se observó, además, una asociación directa entre actitudes discriminatorias frente a las empleadas domésticas y una actitud favorable hacia la segregación socioespacial.
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Gallagher, Adrian M. "Genocide and its threat to international society." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12874/.
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Whilst the impact of genocide on the populations being targeted is routinely studied, the impact of genocide on international society is routinely overlooked. With this in mind, this thesis brings the study of genocide into IR, via the English School, in order to understand the broader impact of genocide on the ordering structure of international society. The thesis puts forward a novel approach in that it explores the relationship between genocide and international legitimacy and how this relationship has critical implications for the United Nations. It will be argued that genocide holds a special relationship with international legitimacy because it is internationally regarded as the "crime of crimes" from both a legal and moral perspective. It is proposed therefore, that this particular injustice has more of a profound impact on the ordering structure of international society than is presently recognised. In sharp contrast to much of the thinking that underpins present foreign policymaking, it will be claimed that because of the special relationship that genocide holds with international legitimacy, genocide can be understood to pose a threat to international order as it erodes both the legitimate authority of the UN (which acts as the cornerstone of international legitimacy) and the UN Security Council (which acts as the stabilising function in international relations) more than any other crime. It is hoped that through understanding the crime's relationship with international legitimacy, and the post-Cold War legitimacy crisis, a more informed understanding of genocide can be acheived. Although the 2005 UN-led Responsibility to Protect initiative addressed some of the issues at hand, its endorsement has not resolved the fundamental problem of altering political will. If one accepts that genocide has a significant impact on international order, then one has to accept that the prevention of genocide is within the national interest of all states, that is, if they value international stability.
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Ostovar, Ravari Mahya. "Three essays on social media and societal resistance." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESEC0012.
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Dans ma thèse, j'ai exploré le rôle des médias sociaux dans l'organisation et la mobilisation sociales. Théoriquement, je m'appuie sur des concepts sociologiques et organisationnels tels que l'action collective, l'identité collective et les mouvements sociaux, j'adopte une perspective de processus et de pratique et je suis la théorisation sociomatérielle. En adoptant une approche interprétative, j'analyse qualitativement les données provenant de deux sources : les données en ligne (le contenu de MySF, y compris les photos, les légendes et les commentaires) et l'entretien avec le fondateur de la page et ses collaborateurs<br>In my dissertation, I have explored the role of social media in social organization and mobilization.Theoretically, I draw upon sociological and organizational concepts such as collective action, collective identity, and social movements and adopt a process and practice perspective and follow sociomaterial theorizing. Adopting an interpretivist approach, I qualitatively analyze data from two sources: online data (MySF content including photos, captions, and comments) and interview with the founder of the page and its contributors
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Williams, Julian L. "Societal impositions and the black male as seen in three novels by Ernest Gaines." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/457.
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This work examines methods used by young Black males dealing with societal impositions (i.e. racial oppression, paternal rejection, mis—education, abandonment, and imprisonment) as seen in Ernest Gaines’ novels Of Love and Dust (1967), In My Father’s House (1978), and a Lesson Before Dying (1993). The paper shows a direct correlation between these external impositions and the destructive behavior demonstrated by the young Black male characters. Gaines’ protagonists, who would be exterminated if Whites in power had their way, suffer from psychological trauma due to the pressures described above. This trauma causes these young Black males to act irresponsibly and thoughtlessly. Furthermore, these young Black males receive guidance from older Black males who teach them to accept the impositions of society as a method of coping with oppression. Also, this examination addresses the author’s metatextual message regarding the social status of young Black males. Over a span of twenty-six years, Gaines depicts characters who continuously worsen and, over time, ultimately disintegrate.
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Countryman, Cheryl A. "Stereotype Threat and Work Attitudes of Older Workers." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2475.
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Despite an aging U. S. workforce, age discrimination at work remains an issue. Researchers have found that beliefs about the aging process affect workers' performance and attitudes. There is little research available examining this phenomenon from the perception of older workers. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of 7 workers aged 55 and older regarding ageism through the theoretical framework of stereotype threat theory. Research questions focused on identifying age-related stereotypes held by the participants, the influence of those stereotypes on perceptions of aging, perception of the impact of aging on job performance, and experienced ageism and discrimination in the workplace. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a modified Stevick Colazzi method to group significant statements into themes and form a composite description that included textural and structural description. Themes that emerged from the study included culturally absorbed stereotypes of helplessness, acceptance of the participants' aging process, positive perceptions of themselves as older workers, a perceived pressure to retire from coworkers, self-identified physical limitations, and life-stage acceptance. Overall, older workers reported a relatively positive self-image and positive perceptions of work performance by supervisors and coworkers. The findings of this study may contribute to social change by informing employers and employee assistance counselors how to address the realistic needs and concerns of older workers. Further studies in aging may promote understanding of aging not as equaling decline but as a time of opportunity to continue to make contributions to the community regardless of chronological age.
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Davies, Vanessa. "Constituents of Fatherhood that Represent a Threat to Family and Society in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187112.
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Feminist literary critics have long focused on the female gender role in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. This essay turns instead to the role of fatherhood in Frankenstein. This has been achieved by applying Judith Butler’s feminist theory, the Theory of Performativity, and by examining the different examples of fatherhood in the novel, performing a comparative study whilst applying a historical context. The main point of focus has been to compare the effects, of the existing types of fatherhood in the novel, on family and society, using the Theory of Performativity. This has resulted in the understanding that Frankenstein gives much consideration to the constituents of fatherhood which may represent the most immediate threat to the family as a building block, to the happiness of children, and the improvement of society.
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Mezzour, Ghita. "Assessing the Global Cyber and Biological Threat." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/535.
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In today’s inter-connected world, threats from anywhere in the world can have serious global repercussions. In particular, two types of threats have a global impact: 1) cyber crime and 2) cyber and biological weapons. If a country’s environment is conducive to cyber criminal activities, cyber criminals will use that country as a basis to attack end-users around the world. Cyber weapons and biological weapons can now allow a small actor to inflict major damage on a major military power. If cyber and biological weapons are used in combination, the damage can be amplified significantly. Given that the cyber and biological threat is global, it is important to identify countries that pose the greatest threat and design action plans to reduce the threat from these countries. However, prior work on cyber crime lacks empirical substantiation for reasons why some countries’ environments are conducive to cyber crime. Prior work on cyber and biological weapon capabilities mainly consists of case studies which only focus on select countries and thus are not generalizeable. To sum up, assessing the global cyber and biological threat currently lacks a systematic empirical approach. In this thesis, I take an empirical and systematic approach towards assessing the global cyber and biological threat. The first part of the thesis focuses on cyber crime. I examine international variation in cyber crime infrastructure hosting and cyber crime exposure. I also empirically test hypotheses about factors behind such variation. In that work, I use Symantec’s telemetry data, collected from 10 million Symantec customer computers worldwide and accessed through the Symantec’s Worldwide Intelligence Network Environment (WINE). I find that addressing corruption in Eastern Europe or computer piracy in Sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to reduce the global cyber crime. The second part of the thesis focuses on cyber and biological weapon capabilities. I develop two computational methodologies: one to assess countries’ biological capabilities and one to assess countries’ cyber capabilities. The methodologies examine all countries in the world and can be used by non-experts that only have access to publicly available data. I validate the biological weapon assessment methodology by comparing the methodology’s assessment to historical data. This work has the potential to proactively reduce the global cyber and biological weapon threat.
Books on the topic "Societal Threat"
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String, felt, thread: The hierarchy of art and craft in American art. University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
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Auther, Elissa. String, felt, thread: The hierarchy of art and craft in American art. University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
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Christie, Ryerson. The human security threat: Reading human security as the reproduction of state/civil society conflict. Canadian Consortium on Asia Pacific Security, 2006.
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Thread in the loom: Essays on African literature and culture. Africa World Press, 2002.
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Clarke, Tony. MAI round 2: New global and internal threats to Canadian sovereignty. Stoddart, 1998.
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Grizold, Anton. Svet na prelomu: Varnostne skupnosti kot odgovor na kompleksno ogrožanje sodobnega sveta = The world at breaking point : security communities as a response to the modern world's complex threats. Fakulteta za družbene vede, Založba FDV, 2015.
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Davies, Thom. Toxic truths: Environmental justice and citizen science in a post-truth age. Manchester University Press, 2020.
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Osetrov, Georgiy. Tactical and special training. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1082300.
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Presents the main components of tactical and special training. Considered tasks solved by forces and means of internal troops of the internal Affairs bodies and other territorial units with the threat of emergency situations and the establishment of a state of emergency for the protection of individuals, society and the state in terms of both the peaceful and military time.
 For the students trained on a speciality "Economic security".
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Sobieraj, Sarah. Credible Threat. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089283.001.0001.
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This book argues that the rampant hate-filled attacks against women online are best understood as patterned resistance to women’s political voice and visibility. This abuse and harassment coalesces into an often-unrecognized form of gender inequality that constrains women’s use of digital public spaces, much as the pervasive threat of sexual intimidation and violence constrain women’s freedom and comfort in physical public spaces. What’s more, the abuse exacerbates inequality among women, those from racial, ethnic, religious, and/or other minority groups, are disproportionately targeted. Drawing on in-depth interviews with women who have been on the receiving end of digital hate, Credible Threat shows that the onslaught of epithets and stereotypes, rape threats, and unsolicited commentary about their physical appearance and sexual desirability come at great professional, personal, and psychological costs for the women targeted—and also with underexplored societal level costs that demand attention. When effective, identity-based attacks undermine women’s contributions to public discourse, create a climate of self-censorship, and at times, push women out of digital publics altogether. Given the uneven distribution of toxicity, those women whose voices are already most underrepresented (e.g., women in male-dominated fields, those from historically undervalued groups) are particularly at risk. In the end, identity-based attacks online erode civil liberties, diminish public discourse, limit the knowledge we have to inform policy and electoral decision making, and teach all women that activism and public service are unappealing, high-risk endeavors to be avoided.
Book chapters on the topic "Societal Threat"
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Breakwell, Dame Glynis. "In the Age of Societal Uncertainty, the Era of Threat." In Societies Under Threat. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39315-1_6.
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Landström, Yrsa, and Magnus Ekengren. "Migration, Borders, and Society." In Understanding the Creeping Crisis. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70692-0_6.
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AbstractIn recent years, we have learned that forced global migration pose a serious threat to international peace and societal values. Despite the many warnings and refugee crises across the world, most national governments have insufficiently addressed this threat. In this chapter, we try to explain this lack of action. The chapter explores possible explanations such as the denial mindset of “it probably won’t happen here (and if it does, it won’t affect my family and community)”. The chapter focuses on the border management crisis in Sweden in 2015. The Swedish government did not address the situation as a crisis until the refugees, who had been on the Mediterranean Sea and traversing north over the continent for months, ended up in Malmö in the south of Sweden in September 2015. This predictable set of events caused chaos for the unprepared Swedish police and the border and migration authorities who had to handle the situation under conditions of urgency and apparent uncertainty.
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Charles, Lionel, and Bernard Kalaora. "Unbounded Environment, Risk Society, and Potentialization of Threats: A Challenge for Social Sciences." In Societies Under Threat. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39315-1_3.
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Gupta, Saurabh, and N. Lingareddy. "Security Threats and Their Mitigations in IoT Devices." In Techno-Societal 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69921-5_42.
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Marsh, Nicholas. "Politics and Society." In Shakespeare: Three Problem Plays. Macmillan Education UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-1917-5_5.
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Wierzbicki, Andrzej P. "Threats to Sustainable Development." In Technology, Society and Sustainability. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47164-8_19.
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d’Udekem-Gevers, Marie. "Information highways: A threat to democracy?" In An Ethical Global Information Society. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35327-2_23.
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Stallen, Pieter Jan M., Rob Geerts, and Han K. Vrijling. "Three Conceptions of Quantified Societal Risk." In Quantified Societal Risk and Policy Making. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2801-9_1.
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Bobkov, Vyacheslav. "Society Under Threat of Precarity of Employment." In Digitisation and Precarisation. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26384-3_3.
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Senta, Tarcisio Della, and Jacob Park. "Global Threats and Opportunities." In World Forests, Society and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4746-0_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Societal Threat"
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Gaertner, John P., and Grant A. Teagarden. "Development, Application, and Implementation of RAMCAP to Characterize Nuclear Power Plant Risk From Terrorism." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89858.
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In response to increased interest in risk-informed decision making regarding terrorism, EPRI and ERIN Engineering were selected by U.S. DHS and ASME to develop and demonstrate the RAMCAP method for nuclear power plant (NPP) risk assessment. The objective is to characterize plant-specific NPP risk for risk management opportunities and to provide consistent information for DHS decision making. This paper is an update of this project presented at the American Nuclear Society (ANS) International Topical Meeting on Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA05) in September, 2005. The method uses a characterization of risk as a function of Consequence, Vulnerability, and Threat. For each site, worst case scenarios are developed for each of sixteen benchmark threats. Nuclear RAMCAP hypothesizes that the intent of the perpetrator is to cause offsite radiological consequences. Specific targets are the reactor core, the spent fuel pool, and nuclear spent fuel in a dry storage facility (ISFSI). Results for each scenario are presented as conditional risk for financial loss, early fatalities and early injuries. Expected consequences for each scenario are quantified, while vulnerability is estimated on a relative likelihood scale. Insights for other societal risks are provided. Although threat frequencies are not provided, target attractiveness and threat deterrence are estimated. To assure efficiency, completeness, and consistency; results are documented using standard RAMCAP Evaluator software. Trial applications were successfully performed at four plant sites. Implementation at all other U.S. commercial sites is underway, supported by the Nuclear Sector Coordinating Council (NSCC). Insights from RAMCAP results at 23 U.S. plants completed to date have been compiled and presented to the NSCC. Results are site-specific. Physical security barriers, an armed security force, preparedness for design-basis threats, rugged design against natural hazards, multiple barriers between fuel and environment, accident mitigation capability, severe accident management procedures, and offsite emergency plans are risk-beneficial against all threat types.
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Salmon, Christian, and Vahid Motevalli. "Modeling Hazard and Threat Risks to Populations Surrounding Public-Use, Non-Towered Airports due to General Aviation Operations." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65122.
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This paper considers the potential future wherein the General Aviation (GA) infrastructure of airports and aircraft becomes an integral part of the commercial aviation transportation network. Further, this paper discusses inherent individual and societal risks sourced in the very characteristic that makes the GA infrastructure attractive: accessibility and ubiquity. Air traffic controller furloughs, mergers, surface transportation congestion and infrastructure degradation are a few examples of system discontinuities that have led to increased travel time for short and medium air travel (200–500 miles). These, amongst other constraints, are drivers of various initiatives that seek to mitigate these delays via transfer of travel demand from larger towered airport infrastructure to the General Aviation infrastructure via development of aircraft, business plans, operation oversight processes. An example being the nascent air taxi industry coupled with the development of the Very Light Jet designed to operate on 3,000 ft runways. The development of High Volume Operations (HVO) capability in the GA infrastructure (specifically non-towered airports) will subsequently increase risks to communities situated in the vicinity of GA airports via increased potential for accidents. Modeling and understanding these inherent risks in is important if public safety and negative reaction to operational changes, particularly at community airports, is to be avoided; a negative public opinion that could forestall the development of HVO. Similarly, the potential for security threats (i.e. use of aircraft as a missile) from unsecured community airports are greater, but qualitatively less severe than TSA regulated commercial airports. With the potential of 4,000+ additional airports being added to the national commercial air transportation infrastructure, a risk-based allocation of security resources would need to be implemented for efficient allocation of scarce resources.
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Xuning Tang, Mi Zhang, and C. C. Yang. "Leveraging User Interest to Improve Thread Recommendation in Online Forum." In 2013 International Conference on Social Intelligence and Technology (SOCIETY). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/society.2013.13.
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Spector, L. A., and Ya A. Bondarenko. "Digital Crimes as a Contemporary Threat for Society." In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.048.
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Luca, Christiaan, Marjolijn Vencken, Katinka van Cranenburgh, Juan Diego Borbor, and Anthony Tchilinguirian. "Trends in the Relationship Between Business and Society: Understanding the Past and Preparing for the Future." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206032-ms.
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Abstract How can a business develop sustainable societal relationships in a world that is often described as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous? While public expectations of companies are complicated and continuously changing, there are clear underlying trends in modern society that shape this relationship. Understanding these trends allows a company to develop the capability of proactively managing societal relationships. The findings of the study are especially relevant for industries that visibly operate in the public space and should anticipate societal resistance. This paper first describes the societal trends that shaped the way people and organizations have interacted since the Second World War. In this period increasing environmental and social awareness and assertiveness developed along three evolutionary paths: –active public discourse that continuously pushes the boundaries of what is deemed acceptable and desirable, with increasing focus on human values and space for the individual;–industry sectors and international organizations that try to preempt new societal expectations with voluntary guidelines and self-regulation; and–governments that formalize important and matured parts of the public discourse and voluntary guidelines in laws and regulations. Secondly, the authors adopt a practical model to describe how companies have struggled to keep up with this continuously evolving and dynamic societal landscape due to lack of adaptation. An increasingly defensive and reactive business approach to societal pressure has led to a low point in trust from stakeholders. To regain trust and their social license to operate companies need to take a more proactive approach to societal relationships, which require both organizational and cultural change. Finally, the authors take the example from the safety journey, where the oil and gas industry has been very successful in demonstrating that excellence in safety is both a moral obligation and good for the bottom line. The same applies to excellence in societal relationships. Using the evolutionary model of safety culture with its maturity ladder as analogue, the authors provide a practical and value-driven framework to guide companies on their organizational and cultural change journey towards effective societal relationship management.
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Arwindekar, Geeta, and Nusrat Parveen. "Cyber Threat: A Challenge to the Society and Network Security." In International Conference on Computer Applications — Networking. Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7301-1_0019.
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K. Zuzek, Dagmara. "Environmental awareness of society and resulting environmental threats." In 19th International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2018". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2018.048.
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Katre, Poonman. "Lessons from adaptaation of local knowledge an traditional practices for urban public spaces as an effective tool for urban devleopment in hot cities." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/izoo6469.
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Historically, Hot cities around India have always relied on urban public spaces for its sociocultural as well as economic activities. They showed a greater capacity to adopt and sustain over time. The reason seems to be lying under its tendency to evolve and accommodate temporality and sustain with its constancy. These urban public spaces were strongly bonded with religions and customs rooted in nature and inbuilt into societal norms, there by emphasizing greater ecological consciousness and protection. But in the last century, globalization brought aesthetic & grand spectacle as deciding criteria for planning and designing of the urban public spaces. The result is, energy consuming, deserted, inaccessible and underutilized public spaces over a longer period as opposed to its short-lived fame. Urbanization has given rise to the new narrative for these urban public spaces which evolved in to hybrid versions conceptualized from global practices. This pose a threat in terms of loss of civic life and decreasing social cultural flows in the city. Cities with the highest temperature seems to be getting the worst of it, essentially due to two main reasons. First are the adopted global models being not responsive to the local context, failing to stay active over longer periods of time and second due to failure to reconceptualize our traditional practices and local knowledge associated with development of cities in to ongoing practices. Previous study of historic Indian public spaces in hot cities, highlights their nature as being symbolic, functionalist, political, performative, and cultural and hence proving to be contextually sensitive. These urban public spaces were designed to be a platform extension of their everyday outdoor life. This everyday outdoor life in hot cities have taken a shape in to various manifestation of forms. And emphasized more on organic development of public spaces. Now, the current system in India that is responsible for generating our urban public spaces are regulated and mandated by state and local guidelines such as, URDPFI guidelines etc. which only mentions about open spaces to be left per area per person or in terms of percentage or buildable area. Little to no consideration has been given to how that open space should be treated. The solution can be found in adaptation and reconceptualizing of these local knowledge and traditional practices suitable to today's spatial context. But a greater consideration needs to be given to the modern-day applicability and checking its suitability. With that consideration, the paper will try to analysis selective samples of urban public spaces before the industrialization in the hot cities depending upon the generic public places i.e., Access and linkage, Purpose and activities, comfort and image, sociability, (Project for public spaces), adaptability, Thermal comfort, User responsiveness. The results then will be tested to check its adaptability in present day context with the help of case study.
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Spanakis, Emmanouil G., Silvia Bonomi, Stelios Sfakianakis, et al. "Cyber-attacks and threats for healthcare – a multi-layer thread analysis." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176698.
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Johnson, James R. "Information graphs of event threads: Identifying and building forward and backward event threads for societal events." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isi.2013.6578800.
Full textReports on the topic "Societal Threat"
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Lacouture, Matthew. Liberalization, Contention, and Threat: Institutional Determinates of Societal Preferences and the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Morocco. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2128.
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Milano, Flavia, Viviane Espinoza, Carmen Maura Taveras, and Danielle Andrade. Three are Better Than One: Government, Civil Society, Private Sector: Joint Efforts in Caribbean Countries toward Sustainable Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000704.
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Khan, Ayesha. Supporting Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Lessons for Donors. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.001.
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In a context where democratic culture and civil society space are under threat, rights-based organisations face increased restrictions on their activities, and donors are finding it harder to engage with them. However, findings show that donor support is crucial for successful women’s empowerment initiatives. Our research on women’s activism in Pakistan suggests donors should strategically support women’s social and political action for empowerment and accountability by continuing to support advocacy organisations, which develop women’s skills to engage with participatory political processes.
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Khan, Ayesha. Supporting Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Lessons for Donors. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.001.
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In a context where democratic culture and civil society space are under threat, rights-based organisations face increased restrictions on their activities, and donors are finding it harder to engage with them. However, findings show that donor support is crucial for successful women’s empowerment initiatives. Our research on women’s activism in Pakistan suggests donors should strategically support women’s social and political action for empowerment and accountability by continuing to support advocacy organisations, which develop women’s skills to engage with participatory political processes.
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Stawiski, Sarah, Stephen Jeong, and Heather Champion. Leadership Development Impact (LDI) Framework. Center for Creative Leadership, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2020.2040.
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There is abundant evidence that leadership development leads to positive impact. But how do we define impact, and what factors should be considered when assessing the results of leadership development? Our comprehensive framework is specifically relevant to leadership development and defines four levels of impact (individual, group, organizational, and societal) as well as three factors that contribute to its effectiveness (leader characteristics, leadership solution, and context). Understanding the four levels will enable organizations to clarify the goals and purpose of their development initiatives and know where to focus measurement. Attending to the contributing factors can help organizations understand the results they are getting and take appropriate steps to maximize the impact of their development initiatives.
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Tiefenthaler, Brigitte. Evaluierung der Nationalen Vernetzungsplattformen des BMBWF. Technopolis Group - Austria, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.507.
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As part of the initiative "Strategic Networking Platforms in the Context of Major Societal Challenges", the BMBWF funded four networking platforms, starting in mid-2016: - Network Ageing - Ageing and Demographic Change as Challenge and Opportunity". - National networking platform for personalised medicine (ÖPPM) - National networking platform for "Sustainable Water Systems - National Networking Platform for "European and International Climate Agendas The three-year funding periods of these networking platforms will end in 2020 at the latest. Therefore, the EU and OECD Research Policy Division (Division V) responsible for the networking platforms OECD Research Policy (Department V/5) of the BMBWF commissioned Technopolis Group Austria to evaluate the National Networking Platforms of the BMBWF. The aim was to analyse what has been achieved so far and, on this basis, to develop recommendations for future work, both individually for each funded networking platform and for the design and management of the platform initiative itself by the BMBWF - with regard to the latter, the four funded networking platforms serve as pilot projects.
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Tiefenthaler, Brigitte. Evaluierung des Netzwerks Altern. Endbericht. Technopolis Group - Austria, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2019.506.
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In 2015, the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF), together with the Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and other partners, founded the initiative "Strategic Networking Platforms in the Context of Major Societal Challenges", including such a platform on issues of demographic change. The BMBWF has commissioned the Austrian Platform for Interdisciplinary Ageing Issues(ÖPIA) with its implementation. The three-year BMBWF funding for the Ageing Network expired in mid-2019. Therefore, Department V/10 of the BMBWF commissioned Technopolis Group Austria to evaluate the Ageing Network. The aim of this evaluation was to form a basis for the decision on the further funding of the Network Ageing after the expiry of the current contract. To this end, we analysed and evaluated what has been achieved so far and developed recommendations for the future work of the Network Ageing. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
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Denaro, Desirée. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Scholas' Approach to Engage Youth. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002899.
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The lack of motivation and sense of community within schools have proven to be the two most relevant factors behind the decision to drop out. Despite the notable progress made in school access in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, dropping out of school has still been a problem. This paper explores Scholas Occurrentes pedagogical approach to address these dropouts. Scholas focuses on the voice of students. It seeks to act positively on their motivation by listening to them, creating spaces for discussion, and strengthening soft skills and civic engagement. Scholas aims to enhance the sense of community within schools by gathering students from different social and economic backgrounds and involving teachers, families, and societal actors. This will break down the walls between schools and the whole community. This paper presents Scholas work with three examples from Paraguay, Haiti, and Argentina. It analyzes the positive impacts that Scholas' intervention had on the participants. Then, it focuses on future challenges regarding the scalability and involvement of the institutions in the formulation of new public policies. The approach highlights the participatory nature of education and the importance of all actors engagement.
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Taşdemir, Murat, Ethem Hakan Ergeç, Hüseyin Kaya, and Özer Selçuk. ECONOMY IN THE TURKEY OF THE FUTURE. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/gt010.
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Fundamental transformations await the world’s economies in the upcoming 20 years. For Turkey to be able to achieve its desired level of prosperity, current structural problems must be solved and preemptive policies must be developed regarding global developments. For Turkey to attain prosperous and virtuous society of the future, Turkey needs a sustainable, long-term, fast-growing economy based on social justice. The Economy in the Turkey of the Future report provides a holistic vision for achieving the infrastructure of the prosperous and virtuous society of the future. The report meticulously analyzes Turkey’s contemporary economy in the light of data and presents the necessary fields to focus on for the future and which kinds of policy ought to be handled with what kind of a perspective in accordance with the advantages and disadvantages. The report touches upon three global trends and their potential impact on national economies and Turkey. It then addresses social justice, sustainability, in the context of long-term economic growth, demographic dynamics and the workforce, Islamic finance, international trade, and sectors deemed strategic. The report focuses on the structural properties that determine the long-term economy rather than short-term economic fluctuations. Many of Turkey’s short-term problems arise from the lack of long-term policies. To this end, the report’s most important emphasis is on the need for long-term policies.
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Wills, Gabrielle, Janeli Kotzé, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. A Sector Hanging in the Balance: Early Childhood Development and Lockdown in South Africa. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/055.
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New evidence suggests that over four months after the closure of early childhood development (ECD) programmes on 18 March 2020, the ECD sector was likely to be operating at less than a quarter of its pre-lockdown levels. Of the 38 percent of respondents from the new NIDS-CRAM survey reporting that children aged 0-6 in their households had attended ECD programmes before the lockdown in March, only 12 percent indicated that children had returned to these programmes by mid-July, well after programmes were allowed to reopen. Using these findings, we estimate that just 13 percent of children aged 0-6 were attending ECD programmes by mid-July to mid-August compared to 47 percent in 2018. The last time that ECD attendance rates were as low as this was in the early 2000s. At this point it is not yet clear what proportion of these declines are only temporary, or whether there will be a lasting impact on ECD enrolment in the country. This dramatic contraction in the ECD sector relates to prohibitive costs to reopening ‘safely’ imposed by the regulatory environment, coupled with shocks to the demand side for ECD programmes (both in terms of reduced household incomes and parent fears of children contracting COVID-19). When viewed from a broader socio-economic lens, the threat of ECD programme closures across the nation will have impacts beyond ECD operators to the lives of millions of children, millions of households and millions of adults who rely on these ECD services. A swift intervention by government is necessary to save this important sector and limit the ripple effect of programme closures on multiple layers of society.