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1
Curran, Thomas F., and Beth A. Salerno. "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America." Journal of Southern History 72, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649255.
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Hansen, D. G. "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America." Journal of American History 93, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4486285.
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Kotlyar, Nadezhda Vasil'evna. "Public organizations in prerevolutionary Russia: classification issues." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 6 (June 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.6.32265.
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The goal of this research is to trace the evolution of views on public organizations (societies) of prerevolutionary Russia, determine the criteria for their classification based on various approaches, views and requirements of the time. The subject of this research is the classifications (typologies) of prerevolutionary societies that formed under the influence of sociopolitical realities, as well as their basic principles. The relevance of this topic is defined by the need to clarify the place and role of legal public initiative in the implementation of the demands of modern society through the prism of classification of public organizations. The research methodology leans on the synthesis of civilizational and formational approaches: public organizations of pre-evolutionary Russia are understood as a phenomenon of bourgeois society, subordinated to the interests of the ruling class, and at the same time, as the institution of modernizing society and nascent civil society. Systematic approach substantiates the polar conclusions of different epoch, and views the creation and activity of such societies as a gradual development of public initiative. Inductive method of transitioning from systematization to rather general representations allows determining the classification criteria for such organizations due to the specific role assigned to them at different stages of individual initiative in the Russian historiography. The novelty of this article consists in establishing correlation between the sociopolitical processes of prerevolutionary period of the Russian history and the classification criteria for public organizations adopted in the academic community. The author outlines the stages and principles of formation of the typologies of public organizations at different chronological segments of the late XIX – early XXI centuries. The article offers classification of prerevolutionary societies based on combination of the two categories: the “sphere” of public life and the “purpose” of activity of the organization.
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van der Walt, Freda, and Jeremias J. de Klerk. "The Experience of Spirituality in a Multicultural and Diverse Work Environment." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341346.
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Worldwide, the study of spirituality is receiving increased attention, but very little is known about spirituality and its manifestation in African organizations. The aim of this research was to explore the experience of spirituality in a multicultural and diverse working environment, in order to enhance understanding of the functioning of spirituality in relation to diversity in the workplace. In particular, the study explores workplace spirituality from an individual and an organizational perspective within diverse organizations operating within a multicultural society. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 600 white collar workers from two organizations in different industries in South Africa. The research findings indicate that there is an inverse relationship between workplace spirituality and individual spirituality. Furthermore, the study confirmed that the experience of both personal and organizational spirituality is impacted by several diversity characteristics within a multicultural environment. In order to improve understanding of the experience of spirituality in multicultural societies and organizations, further empirical research is recommended. Globally, organizations need to realize the importance of embracing spirituality, in order to function effectively in a multicultural environment.
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Lytvynko, A. "International scientific associations of the History of Science and Technology: formation and development (part III)." Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 29, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272014.
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The activity of international organizations on the history and philosophy of science and technology is a remarkable phenomenon in the world scientific and sociocultural sphere. Such centers influence and contribute to the scientific communication of scientists from different countries and the comprehensive development of numerous aspects of the history and phylosiphy of science and technology, carry out scientific congresses. That is why the analysis of the acquired experience and the obtained results of these groups are important.
The history of the formation and development, task, structure, background and directions of the activities of some international organizations in the field of history and philosophy of science and technology, including The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA), The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS), The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) and The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) have been shown.
The European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA) was established in 2007 to promote and advance the investigations and teaching the philosophy of science in Europe. EPSA edits the European Journal for Philosophy of Science (EJPS), which publishes articles in all areas of philosophy of science. The International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS) promotes serious, scholarly research on the history of the philosophy of science and gathers scholars who share an interest in promoting research on the history of the philosophy of science and related topics in the history of the natural and social sciences, logic, philosophy and mathematics. The scholarly journal HOPOS is published by University of Chicago Press.
The International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) is the highest nongovernmental world organization for philosophy, whose members-societies represent every country where there is significant academic philosophy. It was established in Amsterdam in 1948. FISP’s first seat was located at the the Sorbonne in Paris. FISP includes approximately one hundred members. It does not include individual members, but only «societies» in a broad sense, that is, philosophical institutions of different kinds, such as associations, societies, institutes, centres and academies at national, regional and international levels. The International council for philosophy and human sciences (ICPHS) is a non-governmental organisation within UNESCO, which federates hundreds of different learned societies in the field of philosophy, human sciences and related subjects. It was conceived as the intermediary between UNESCO on one hand, and learned societies and national academies on the other. Its aim was to extend UNESCO's action in the domain of humanistic studies.
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Hilson, Mary. "Popular movements and the fragility of the Nordic democracies during the first half of the twentieth century." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419880459.
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The Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are among the few European countries where parliamentary democracy survived the challenges of the interwar period. The apparent resilience of Nordic democracy has sometimes been partly attributed to the strength of the popular movements, the internal democratic structures, and culture of these organizations and not least their role in educating their members in democratic practices. Drawing primarily on examples from the co-operative movements in several Nordic countries, the article asks how democracy was understood in co-operative societies and how it functioned in practice. Co-operative societies were committed to the principle of ‘one member one vote’, but faced constant dilemmas over how to combine the possibility for grassroots influence with the need for central control, especially as the organizations grew in size. In some cases, this led to irreconcilable conflicts and splits in central organizations. The article argues that although the co-operatives and other popular movements later came to be seen as crucial elements in the survival of Nordic democracy, their role in this survival should not be taken for granted.
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Collins, Stephanie. "Are Organizations' Religious Exemptions Democratically Defensible?" Daedalus 149, no. 3 (July 2020): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01806.
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Theorists of democratic multiculturalism have long defended individuals' religious exemptions from generally applicable laws. Examples include Sikhs being exempt from motorcycle helmet laws, or Jews and Muslims being exempt from humane animal slaughter laws. This essay investigates religious exemptions for organizations. Should organizations ever be granted exemptions from generally applicable laws in democratic societies, where those exemptions are justified by the organization's religion? This essay considers four arguments for such exemptions, which respectively rely on the “transferring up” to organizations of individuals' claims to autonomy or recognition; organizations' own claims to autonomy or recognition; organizations' status in the accountability community; and organizations' procedural constraints. The essay concludes that only the last argument holds up – and then, only with caveats.
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Kulikowski, C. A., G. Mihalas, R. A. Greenes, V. Yacubsohn, and H. A. Park. "The IMIA History Working Group: Inception through the IMIA History Taskforce, and Major Events Leading Up to the 50th Anniversary of IMIA." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 26, no. 01 (2017): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15265/iy-2017-002.
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Summary Background: The 50th Anniversary of IMIA will be celebrated in 2017 at the World Congress of Medical Informatics in China. This takes place 50 years after the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing, which was the predecessor of IMIA, under the leadership of Dr. Francois Grémy. The IMIA History Working Group (WG) was approved in 2014 to document and write about the history of the field and its organizations. Objectives: The goals of this paper are to describe how the IMIA History WG arose and developed, including its meetings and projects, leading to the forthcoming 50th Anniversary of IMIA. Methods: We give a chronology of major developments leading up to the current work of the IMIA History WG and how it has stimulated writing on the international history of biomedical and health informatics, sponsoring the systematic compilation and writing of articles and stories from pioneers and leaders in the field, and the organization of workshops and panels over the past six years, leading towards the publication of the contributed volume on the 50th IMIA Anniversary History as an eBook by IOS Press. Conclusions: This article leads up to the IMIA History eBook which will contain original autobiographical retrospectives by pioneers and leaders in the field, together with professional organizational histories of the national and regional societies and working groups of IMIA, with commentary on the main themes and topics which have evolved as scientific and clinical practices have changed under the influence of new insights, technologies, and the changing socio-economic, cultural and professional circumstances around the globe over the past 50 years.
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Kulikowski, C. A., G. Mihalas, R. A. Greenes, V. Yacubsohn, and H. A. Park. "The IMIA History Working Group: Inception through the IMIA History Taskforce, and Major Events Leading Up to the 50th Anniversary of IMIA." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 26, no. 01 (August 2017): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606532.
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Summary Background: The 50th Anniversary of IMIA will be celebrated in 2017 at the World Congress of Medical Informatics in China. This takes place 50 years after the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing, which was the predecessor of IMIA, under the leadership of Dr. Francois Grémy. The IMIA History Working Group (WG) was approved in 2014 to document and write about the history of the field and its organizations. Objectives: The goals of this paper are to describe how the IMIA History WG arose and developed, including its meetings and projects, leading to the forthcoming 50th Anniversary of IMIA. Methods: We give a chronology of major developments leading up to the current work of the IMIA History WG and how it has stimulated writing on the international history of biomedical and health informatics, sponsoring the systematic compilation and writing of articles and stories from pioneers and leaders in the field, and the organization of workshops and panels over the past six years, leading towards the publication of the contributed volume on the 50th IMIA Anniversary History as an eBook by IOS Press. Conclusions: This article leads up to the IMIA History eBook which will contain original autobiographical retrospectives by pioneers and leaders in the field, together with professional organizational histories of the national and regional societies and working groups of IMIA, with commentary on the main themes and topics which have evolved as scientific and clinical practices have changed under the influence of new insights, technologies, and the changing socio-economic, cultural and professional circumstances around the globe over the past 50 years.
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Vanthemsche, Guy. "Unemployment Insurance in Interwar Belgium." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (December 1990): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900001004x.
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SUMMARYIn 1900, a special type of unemployment insurance was set up in Belgium: the so-called “Ghent system”, which had some influence on the development of unemployment insurance in many European countries. This particular system was characterized by the important role played by the trade-union unemployment societies. The public authorities (in Belgium, from 1920 onwards, the central government next to the towns and provinces) encouraged the affiliation of the labourers to these societies by granting different sorts of financial support to the unemployed society members and to the societies themselves. During the crisis of the 1930s, this led to an important growth of Belgian trade-union membership. On the other hand, the quantitative growth of the labour movement due to this particular organization of unemployment insurance, led to many negative sideeffects for the trade unions (administrative chaos, financial problems, loss of combativity). Moreover, the employers' organizations strongly opposed this system of unemployment insurance, because they thought it reinforced the labour movement's power in society (strengthening of union membership, influence on wage formation, obstruction of deflation policy). This article examines the heated debates waged in the labour movement itself and between this actor, the employers' organizations and the government, to solve the many important problems posed by this type of social insurance. The Belgian pre-Second World War debate concerning unemployment insurance was of great importance for the shaping of the Welfare State in Belgium, which took its present-day form in 1944.
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Johnson, Jason. "Struggles in "the Stronghold of World Imperialism"." German Politics and Society 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370202.
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This article centers on the League of People’s Friendship of the German Democratic Republic. The League, composed of a main organization in East Berlin and national partner societies scattered around the globe, served as a tool of nontraditional diplomacy for East Germany’s ruling communist party across much of the Cold War. This article sketches out the activities of the League’s partner organizations in the U.S.—the first analysis to do so—arguing first that given the variety of challenges and problems the League and its partner organizations faced, the limited success of these groups in the U.S. is, in the end, rather remarkable. Second, this essay argues that these organizations offer further evidence that East Germany was not exactly a puppet state.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy, and Andrzej Smoleń. "The Social Sciences of Sport: Assumptions, Associations, and Conferences." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0008.
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Abstract New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other.The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts.The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009.The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research.The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.
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Greenbaum, Susan D. "Economic Cooperation Among Urban Industrial Workers: Rationality and Community in an Afro-Cuban Mutual Aid Society, 1904–1927." Social Science History 17, no. 2 (1993): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016813.
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Mutual aid societies represent intentional institutionalized cooperation. Groups of individuals pool their resources to provide risk protection and social benefits for themselves in what are usually inhospitable settings. Such organizations are clearly adaptive at the group level. However, their development and maintenance require considerable investment of time and financial resources that could be applied to more individualistic ends. What incentives encourage individuals to assume leadership responsibilities in such organizations? And by what means are free riders prevented from negating the organizations’ efforts by sinking the system?
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Cripe, Timothy P. "Ewing Sarcoma: An Eponym Window to History." Sarcoma 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/457532.
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Ewing sarcoma was named after James R. Ewing, an eminent American pathologist at Cornell who described the first cases in 1921. Although he is best remembered for this singular achievement, Ewing's contributions to the study of cancer were far more profound and influential. He essentially launched oncology as a discipline with the publication of his seminal textbook and founded the major American cancer societies that exist today. His vision of comprehensive cancer centers still drives our research infrastructure. Since his initial report, these organizations have helped us achieve numerous milestones in understanding and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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Franz, Manuel. "PREPAREDNESS REVISITED: CIVILIAN SOCIETIES AND THE CAMPAIGN FOR AMERICAN DEFENSE, 1914–1920." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000300.
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Civilian societies advocating a bold defense program were arguably the most visible manifestation of the American preparedness campaign in World War I. Though historians have acknowledged the significance of the broader preparedness movement in a number of studies, they have often marginalized its civilian branch in general and defense societies in particular. This article examines the structures, activities, and objectives of two major organizations active in the movement in order to challenge historiography's traditional view on preparedness. Exploring the key role of the National Security League and the American Defense Society between 1914 and 1920, the article presents two main arguments: First, civilian societies were not merely the appendix to a centralized campaign dominated by military professionals and politicians associated with the defense cause but acted as principal agents of preparedness. Second, the historiographic time frame of preparedness cannot be limited chronologically to America's years of neutrality but must include the period after April 1917.
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Chapman, William. "The Organizational Context in the History of Archaeology: Pitt Rivers and Other British Archaeologists in the 1860s." Antiquaries Journal 69, no. 1 (March 1989): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500043390.
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The importance of professional affiliations in the history of archaeology has tended to be underplayed. There have been a number of histories of individual professional societies and especially of museums, both of which had significant roles in the institutional development and acceptance of the field during the nineteenth century (e.g. Clark 1925; Evans 1949a, 1949b, 1956; Hawkes 1962; Hinsley 1981). Also, both museums and professional organizations have been generally touched upon in the course of biographies of individual archaeologists—primarily as background information (e.g. Evans 1943; Woodbury 1973; Green 1981; Hawkes 1982). What has not been considered sufficiently is the pervasive character of professional connections and the institutions or societies that made them possible (Trigger 1985; cf. Levine 1986). Organizations, together with accompanying journals, charters, meetings, statements of policy, special committees and so on, form the very basis of a discipline. This was particularly true in the nineteenth century when many sciences or other fields of interest—including archaeology—had yet to find a place in the academic world (Woodruff 1923).
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Kuçi, Hajredin. "International Legal Cooperation between Kosovo and Other States and Organizations." Review of Central and East European Law 43, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04303004.
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Building a rule-of-law-based democracy is a challenge for post-communist and post-war societies. Rule of law is a priority for these societies and also one of the membership criteria required by international organizations, in particular the European Union. As such, an aspiring country like Kosovo has to face the challenge of building a legal system that is compatible with that of the European Union member states while also developing its legal cooperation with other countries. Through international legal cooperation, countries strengthen the fight against criminal actions that are punishable in all modern states and also exchange experience in combating cross-border crime, trafficking, corruption, terrorism, and other violations of criminal law. In this regard, Kosovo faces many challenges in the field of international legal cooperation, not only with regard to those missions operating in Kosovo itself (such as EULEX, UNMIK, etc.), but also with other international organizations, especially due to Kosovo’s lack of membership in them. Another challenge is cooperation with countries that have not yet recognized Kosovo as a state. This article emphasizes the efforts made by Kosovo’s institutions to engage in international legal cooperation as one of the prerequisites for building the rule of law at home. The main issues tackled in the article are how these problems are addressed in practice, which obstacles arise, what the ad hoc means are of engaging in international legal cooperation, and what the specificities and prospects are for Kosovo’s international legal cooperation. As such, the aim of the article is to examine some of the legal peculiarities and uncertainties that have been created over the years as the result of limitations on Kosovo’s international personality and to consider innovative means to ensure Kosovo’s legal cooperation with other countries.
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Pollard, Lisa. "EGYPTIAN BY ASSOCIATION: CHARITABLE STATES AND SERVICE SOCIETIES, CIRCA 1850–1945." International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, no. 2 (April 10, 2014): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814000099.
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AbstractIn this article I argue that the Egyptian state emerged as a welfare provider in the mid-20th century, first by depending on the services of charitable societies to feed, educate, and provide medical assistance to the poor, and later by imitating and harnessing the activities of charitable societies. Drawing on correspondence between the state and service societies from the 1880s to 1945, when King Faruq (r. 1936–52) granted the Egyptian Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) the authority to define and to circumscribe the activities of social welfare organizations, the article illustrates the interactions of and the similarities between private and state-sponsored charity. The article further suggests that the establishment of MOSA helped to consolidate the hegemony of the Egyptian state over society and, at the same time, exemplified a dialectical process of state formation engaged in by Egyptian heads of state, service organizations, and the Egyptians whose needs they served.
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Anayban, Zoya. "Women’s public societies in сontemporary Khakassia." Woman in Russian Society, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.1.3.
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This article is devoted to studying the сontemporary women’s unions history of formation as well as functioning in a single region of the Russian Federation — the Republic of Khakassia. At the same time, special attention is devoted to those whose activities in the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Republic, from our point of view, are currently most noticeable. The analysis of women’s public organizations activities in this region has shown that the women’s movement in Post-Soviet Khakassia over the past quarter of a century, despite all the difficulties of formation and development, can be characterized as a significant phenomenon in the life of the Republic. Today the vast majority of them, like before, have obvious social and humanitarian orientation. Despite the fact that almost all women’s societies currently operating in the territory of this region have their own political slogans, their main activity is still limited to helping the needy and socially vulnerable. However, the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of women’s associations is largely due to their lack of integrity and lack of unanimity of actions. In addition, the level of involvement of the Republic’s residents in women’s movements and their socio-professional composition leaves much to be desired. According to our research, the vast majority of women, mainly residents of rural areas, unfortunately, do not take any part in the social life of the region. The empirical base of the study is built upon official statistics obtained from the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of National and Territorial Policy of the Republic of Khakassia, as well as materials stored in the archives of local women’s organizations. Besides, the results of our interviews with the leaders and most active participants of these associations have been particularly valuable.
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Cadge, Wendy, and Michael Skaggs. "Serving seafarers in the Boston Harbor: Local adaptation to global economic change, 1820–2015." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 2 (May 2018): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418765710.
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Religious people and organizations have provided services to seafarers in the port of Boston for nearly 200 years. While Boston’s history and present circumstances are specific, the port’s services to seafarers are broadly representative of the history of such provision in ports across the United States. We show how local and global economic changes shaped who worked in the port of Boston. Protestant individuals and organizations provided services to these workers, although the motivation behind the services and their content changed. The overt evangelism of the first generations diminished as mission societies transitioned into religiously-motivated social service organizations. Comprehensive social services and lodging were replaced by services provided on board vessels during increasingly quick turnarounds. While today’s port chaplains describe their work in much different terms than those of generations past, they continue a tradition of Protestant-supported care that has been evident in the port for the past two centuries.
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Smith, Joanna F. Handlin. "Benevolent Societies: The Reshaping of Charity During the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing." Journal of Asian Studies 46, no. 2 (May 1987): 309–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056017.
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AbstractDuring the late Ming an entirely new charitable institution, the benevolent society (t'ung-shan t'ang), emerged even though there were already in place channels for charity provided by lineage organizations, religious institutions, and the state. To account for the appearance of benevolent societies, this article attempts explanations in terms of worsening conditions and dynastic decline and then moves beyond such considerations for several reasons. Although China had long experienced much poverty and numerous periods of extreme social unrest, it was not until the late Ming that the responses to these maladies took the form of benevolent societies. Although the benevolent societies were sometimes founded in an atmosphere of social tension, they endured long after any sense of crisis had passed and thrived through periods of calm. The benevolent societies arose because they satisfied—in ways that existing forms of charity could not—the emotional and social needs of the sponsors in an environment altered by commerce. To achieve a harmonious society, officials and gentry acquiesced to the investment mentality of merchants, and by making charitable contributions toward a moral society, merchants justified their wealth. Highly visible and tolerated by the state, the benevolent societies expressed social alliances based on money and a spirit of civic pride.
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Cordery, Simon. "Friendly Societies and the Discourse of Respectability in Britain, 1825–1875." Journal of British Studies 34, no. 1 (January 1995): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386066.
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In nineteenth-century Britain, friendly societies (working-class mutual benefit clubs) and ruling elites contested definitions of respectability and independence in a struggle to delineate relations between societies and the state. This process was an important part of an ongoing set of negotiations by which working-class organizations influenced middle-class attitudes toward collective action. Pressure from friendly societies forced members of Parliament and bureaucrats to accept their claim to respectability and, with it, to independence from state control, changing the discourse of respectability in three stages. During the first quarter of the century, clergymen and landowners equated respectability with middle-class patronage and independence from the Poor Law. Around midcentury, the societies appropriated the discourse of respectability and, with qualified elite approval, used it to redefine independence as freedom from middle-class supervision. By the 1870s, however, friendly society leaders requested government assistance to limit the independence of rank-and-file members, whose autonomy they claimed was a threat to the societies' respectability.Friendly societies wanted, as one member wrote, “to do what is ‘respectable.’” This meant redefining respectability in a collective, working-class context. While middle-class definitions rested on the premise that individualism and self-help were the twin foundations of respectability, friendly societies gained access to the social power of respectability by offering an alternative definition based on collective self-help and independence from external control. Friendly societies were democratically managed insurance clubs offering sickness and burial coverage and sociable activities in return for regular payments. They often met in public houses, which they identified as respectable, contradicting middle-class attitudes.
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Hovey, Edmund Otis. "List of Societies and other Organizations with which the Academy Exchanges Publications." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 19, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1909.tb57079.x.
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YEE, SHIRLEY J. "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America by Beth A. Salerno." Gender & History 20, no. 1 (April 2008): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2007.00503_10.x.
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Lytvynko, A. S. "International scientific associations of the History of Science and Technology: formation and development (partII)." Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 28, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/271920.
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The activity of international organizations on the history of science and technology is a remarkable phenomenon in the world scientific and sociocultural sphere. Such centers influence and contribute to the scientific communication of scientists from different countries and the comprehensive development of numerous aspects of the history of science and technology, carry out scientific congresses. That is why the analysis of the acquired experience and the obtained results of these groups are important.
The history of the formation and development, task, structure, background and directions of the activities of some international organizations in the field of science and technology, including The History of Science Society (HSS), The European Society forthe History of Science (ESHS), The Society for the History of Technology (SHOT), The Newcomen Society, The Scientific Instrument Society (SIS) have been shown.
The History of Science Society (HSS) is the professional society for the academic study of the history of science. It is the world’s largest society dedicated to understanding science, technology, medicine and their interactions with society within their historical context. HSS was founded in 1924 by G. Sarton and L. Henderson. The aim of European Society for the History of Science (ESHS), founded in 2003, is to promote the history of science, technology and medicine throughout Europe. The Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) is an international interdisciplinary organization concerned with the history of technological devices and processes and with technology in history — that is, the relationship of technology to politics, economics, science, arts and the organization of production, The Newcomen Society is an international society that studies and promotes the history of engineering and technology from ancient times to the present day. It disseminates historical information by publications, meetings, correspondence and internet forums. The Scientific Instrument Society (SIS) was formed in April 1983 to bring together people with a special interest in scientific instruments, ranging from precious antiques to electronic devices only recently out of production. The Society aimed to contribute to historical knowledge and understanding through the collection, conservation and study of scientific artefacts.
Ecept for the organizations considered, there are many other scientific unions and societies in the field of history and phylosophy of science and engineering, whose activities require further study and synthesis.
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Yácubsohn, V. "A Short History of the Beginnings of Hospital Information Systems in Argentina." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 21, no. 01 (August 2012): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638900.
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Summary Objectives : To describe the development of early health information systems in Argentina and their impact on the development of professional societies in the discipline Methods : The first hospital information systems and health surveillance systems in Argentina are described and related to the rise of professional organizations for health informatics. Results : The early health information systems in Argentina are related to precursor developments in medical informatics. Conclusions : Argentina saw a number of hospital information systems developed starting in 1977, which had an important influence on the practice and experience in medical informatics in the country, and the participation of Argentine professionals in national, regional, and international activities in the field
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Lavery, Andone. "Working Together Toward a Successful OSM 2022." Oceanography 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.310.
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In my September column, I’d like to share some history of the AGU/ASLO/TOS partnership that organizes the biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). The three societies each fill a unique niche in the development of the conference agenda and messaging, and cooperate to make OSM vibrant, inspiring, and welcoming. I am proud of the way the three organizations have worked together to make this meeting a huge success.
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Tumanova, Anastasiya S., and Alexander A. Safonov. "CHARTERS OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-113-136.
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The article deals with the history of doctrinal formation of the content of the charter of voluntary association of Late Imperial Russia, as well as the role of the charter in regulating the phenomenon of social self-organization. This problem is practically don't studied in the scientific literature. It is based on the involvement of a broad corpus of published sources (constituent documents of public organizations, materials of clerical work of public institutions, etc.) and archives (documents of the RGIA). The legal policy of the Russian government aimed at establishing uniformity in the content of constituent documents of voluntary societies and the principles of their relationship with the state according to the creation, re-registration, termination of societies is analyzed. This national framework is assessed from the standpoint of the content of corporate regulation in Late Imperial Russia, the degree of intervention of the state in this process. Russian and European sources for the formation of corporate legislation on voluntary associations are considered. The analysis of constituent documents of various groups of organizations in prerevolutionary Russia takes a significant place. They are studied according to the content, structure, general and special features, field of activity. The authors investigate how independent creativity of the founders was expressed when drawing up the charters of organizations that do not fully comply with typical constituent documents, find out its meaning and boundaries. The authors come to the conclusion that the charters gave Russian associations substantial autonomy in the inner life (defining goals and objectives, methods of capital formation, requirements for categories of members, etc.), but rather strictly prescribed the “external” context of their functioning, coupled with the interaction with state authorities.
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Dierking, Lynn D. "Lessons without limit: how free-choice learning is transforming science and technology education." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 12, suppl (2005): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702005000400008.
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Societies are becoming nations of lifelong learners supported by a vast infrastructure of learning organizations. The centers of this learning revolution are not schools, but a network of organizations and media (museums, libraries, television, books, and increasingly the Internet) supporting the public's ever-growing demand for free-choice learning - learning guided by a person's needs and interests. Science learning is an important part of this revolution. Traditional boundaries and roles distinguishing groups of science educators and institutions are disappearing. To not understand and embrace these changes will impede our ability to enhance science learning worldwide.
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Pandyak, Igor. "Establishment and development of tourist shelters in the Eastern Carpathians in the Austro-Hungarian and Polish periods." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1873.
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History of establishment and development of tourist shelters in the Eastern Carpathians in the second half of the nineteenth century–1939 was analyzed. The role of Ukrainian and Polish tourism organizations in the development of infrastructure of placement travellers along mountain trails in Eastern Galicia was considered. The characteristic features of the development, construction and service of tourist shelters were detected. Key words: infrastructure of tourist accommodation, tourist shelters, tourist routes, tourist societies.
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L. Mack, Andrew, Debra D. Wright, J. Ross Sinclair, and Banak Gamui. "Should there be efforts to establish two Australasian conservation biology societies?" Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 1 (2002): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020002.
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In a recent editorial, H. Recher presents some history on why there is not currently an Australasian conservation biology society. He asserts that a motion to create such a society was abandoned because the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA) and the Australian Institute of Biology (AlB) promised to assume greater roles in conservation biology and obviated the need for a separate society, but that these organizations have not fulfilled this promise. The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) has initiated a drive to develop a regional Australasian chapter and Recher raises the question: "is it better to form an independent body, or will an Australasian branch of the SCB fill the advocacy void left empty in 1993?" This is a fair question.
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Stamenovic, Milorad. "Challenges of health care systems and health cooperatives in international and national context." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 178 (2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2178225s.
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This paper presents different models of health systems in the world as well as selected important challenges that they face. Also, the paper presents historical and modern concepts of development of health cooperatives in selected countries, including the Republic of Serbia. Observing the long-term sustainability of different models of health systems, certain weaknesses are pointed out, but also the significant role of health cooperatives in these systems over time, both in the international and national context. A view of the work of health cooperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic in selected countries is presented with examples of innovations in organizational terms that health cooperatives have applied in order to increase efficiency and to respond to business and health challenges posed by the pandemic. A potential answer to the presented weaknesses of health systems is to consider establishing and strengthening health cooperatives, having in mind their role in those systems throughout history, with special reference to the Republic of Serbia where health cooperatives were founded during the 19th century. However, although Serbian health cooperatives were a model for the development of health cooperatives in the world, since 1949 health cooperatives in Serbia are almost non-existent. Following the genesis of the development of these organizations and their modern role in societies around the world, the conclusions indicate the flexibility and resilience of health cooperatives to adapt to new socio-economic conditions, innovation of these organizations shown over time, importance and contribution to societies during their history and during the emerging pandemic. Also, the need for a change in public policies is pointed out, which would enable the establishment of a larger number of health cooperatives in the Republic of Serbia in response to the growing challenges of the health system, following the example of the world.
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Scarborough, Vernon L., and William R. Burnside. "Complexity and Sustainability: Perspectives from the Ancient Maya and the Modern Balinese." American Antiquity 75, no. 2 (April 2010): 327–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.75.2.327.
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Complexity is both a buzzword and a paradigm in the biophysical sciences and, increasingly, the social sciences. We define “social complexity” as the nonlinear escalation of costs and emergent infrastructure with rising energy use and concentrated power as societies develop. Two paths to social complexity are technotasking, which relies on technological break-throughs and is often politically hierarchical, and labortasking, which relies on skilled labor pools and is often heterarchical. We suggest several pathways to greater degrees of complexity and present two case studies emphasizing the role of labor-tasking; an in-depth review of the ancient Maya and a shorter introduction to the recent Balinese. Both of these complex societies used labortasking to adapt to local ecological limitations in semitropical settings. These societies used heterarchical organizations to accretionally engineer and manage their environments, strategies that promoted long-term resilience. Case studies such as these provide a nuanced picture of different paths to social complexity and highlight their relative costs, benefits, and potential for long-term sustainability.
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Prindle, Peter H. "Peasant-worker Households and Community-based Organizations in Rural Japan." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 2 (April 1985): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012336.
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Despite a growing interest by anthropologists in the process whereby peasants have been incorporated into a modern industrialized economy as ‘post-peasants’, ‘peasant-workers’, or ‘part-time farmers’, comparatively little research has focused upon the community level of social integration as an important facet of this process (see Barlett 1980: 553, 560–1). For the most part, this lack of concern can probably be attributed to the fact that much of the research devoted to post-peasants has been conducted in European societies where community-wide types of cooperation do not seem to have been particularly important with regard to the production strategies peasants followed in their adaptation to conditions of rapid sociocultural change since the second world war (see Holmes 1983; Symes 1972; Redclift 1973; Minge-Kalman 1978; Franklin 1969: 10–15, 225–33; Tamanoi 1983).
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Dhillon, BA, MB BCh BAO, LRCPSI, DRCOG, Paul Singh. "Health Emergencies in Large Populations: A disaster medicine learning experience." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 6, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2011.0053.
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The Health Emergencies in Large Populations course, organized by the International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, is delivered in a decentralized manner by a number of academic centers around the world. It was one of the first formal educational opportunities developed for those in humanitarian assistance organizations, and its initial aim was to upgrade professionalism in humanitarian assistance programs conducted in emergency situations.This article summarizes the history and describes the current content, structure, and costs of the course.
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Sokolov, V. Yu. "GENESIS AND FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF ILLEGAL LIBRARIES IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS OF ACTIVITY." Library Mercury, no. 1(25) (June 22, 2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-3335.2021.1(25).231467.
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Victor Sokolov’s article «Genesis and features of the functioning of illegal libraries in Ukraine: historical and socio-political factors» examined the peculiarities of formation, characteristics and peculiarities of illegal libraries, as well as socio-political factors, social conditions and main directions of these collections, mainly in Ukraine. The purpose of the proposed article is to identify and study the characteristics of illegal libraries, study their types, analysis and generalization of information about the peculiarities of the creation and operation of these collections in Ukraine, as well as characteristics of the main forms and directions of their activities. In his work, the author widely used general scientific and historical research methods: comparisons, analogies, deductions, descriptive, analytical, typological methods, as well as historical-comparative, historical-genetic and other methods of scientific research. The author proved that the most developed were the illegal libraries of political organizations and circles, which collected literature from various fields of knowledge, but most of them were publications in the social sciences (history, philosophy, sociology, etc.). Many illegal libraries, including marxist organizations and circles, were interconnected in centralized systems. In terms of the number of books, the funds of some illegal libraries of political organizations can be compared with the funds of public, church-parish, county and township libraries. However, most of them had up to 300 books. However, their activities had a certain impact on the socio-political life of society, on the formation of consciousness, cultural and educational level, mostly, the lower strata of the population. It was found that in the context of police persecution, «employees» of illegal libraries quickly adapted to new circumstances and needs of readers and often changed the forms, methods, principles of work in order to steadily pursue the main line of these collections – to disseminate certain ideas and principles of public life. Illegal libraries often operated under the guise of self-education, literary and artistic, public, women’s, family and leisure, educational and other societies and clubs. In general, they were characterized by the presence of almost all organizational and structural subsystems that had official public libraries: they had a fund of various types of documents, a catalog, a contingent of readers, facilities, library staff and documentation. In illegal libraries, for the first time, active forms and methods of book promotion were born, which were used and researched during communication with users of book collections, whose reading needs were also periodically studied. It was found that illegal libraries, including political organizations and circles, performed both educational and ideological tasks, and organizational (they became organizational centers of political struggle, in particular the premises of illegal libraries were a place of appearances, a point of agitation and propaganda, storage of revolutionary literature, etc.). A study of the history of illegal libraries, in particular, political organizations, educational and cultural-educational societies, proves that certain democratic, progressive elements of library development were formed in their activities, some of which were inherited and developed by domestic library science and practice.
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VAN BAVEL, BAS, ERIK ANSINK, and BRAM VAN BESOUW. "Understanding the economics of limited access orders: incentives, organizations and the chronology of developments." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000254.
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AbstractIn ‘Violence and Social Orders’, North, Wallis and Weingast highlight the need of societies to control large-scale violence. In response to this need, a variety of social orders has emerged with differing institutional, political and economic characteristics. One of these social orders is the limited access order that was prevalent in most of history and still is nowadays. Taking the conceptual framework of Northet al.as a starting point, we make three advances to their analysis of limited access orders. First, we analyse the incentive structure of actors involved, using a formal model of the main interactions in a limited access order. Second, we decompose organizations into two types and analyse their respective roles. Third, we use insights from historical research to scrutinize the chronology of the rise of organizations. Jointly, this allows us to refine and substantiate the insights gained by Northet al., highlight the role of organizations and place the start of relevant developments earlier in time.
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Madera, Judith. "Early Black Worldmaking: Body, Compass, and Text." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab058.
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Abstract “Early Black Worldmaking: Body, Compass, and Text” previews a Black cultural history of the abolition epoch. It focuses on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century author–activists. Judith Madera tracks an emancipatory network that linked pioneering abolitionist communities in the Caribbean and US by print channels and shared place-based histories. Madera states that Black geographies grew up in reading societies, church organizations, cottage industries, women’s leadership groups, social clubs, and political debate fora. Black women abolitionists, she claims, called for a civics that first needed to be built. They cast blueprints for better worlds because they could imagine that other worlds were possible.
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Villanueva, Jaume, and Harry J. Sapienza. "The mask of the red death: Leadership, hubris, and the Covid-19 crisis." BRQ Business Research Quarterly 24, no. 3 (April 29, 2021): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23409444211008906.
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Throughout history, societies have been beset by disasters that took them by surprise, often with widespread and devastating consequences. When crops, animals, or people began dying with unusual frequency, especially when the causes were not observable, people often failed to respond, responded very slowly, or responded in surprisingly misdirected ways. In this essay, we focus on the role of leadership in addressing or failing to address such crises, paying special attention to the responses to the Covid-19 crisis during 2020. Our central thesis is that leadership hubris was a central (though not the only) culprit in poor responses, and we introduce the problem of inaction as a symptom of hubris. We conclude with some reflections for practitioners and researchers, suggesting a few areas worthy of examination to better understand how societies and business organizations may construct defenses against the dangers of leadership hubris. JEL CLASSIFICATION M14; L26; D70; N00
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Kajimura, Toru. "History of Japan’s chart production in 150 years." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-157-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 1853, the United States sent Commodore Perry with 4 warships to Japan, and urged opening the country to the world. Since then, Japan had entered into treaties of commerce with Western nations, and opened the ports for these nations. However, Japan was in military disadvantage with other nations having charting knowledge of Japan and it surroundings. As a result, a decision was made to establish chart production capabilities in Japan in the view of the national security. Soon after, the Japanese chief military commander opened two naval officer training facilities in Nagasaki (1855) and Tsukiji (1857). Surveying was also one of the subjects of taught at these training organizations.</p><p>Japan Hydrographic Department (JHD, currently Japan Hydrographic & Oceanographic Department) was established as the organization for chart production under the navy in 1871, and graduates of the above naval officer training facilities led the activities of JHD in its early stage. The first Chief Hydrographer YANAGI Narayoshi was one of them. JHD published its first navigational chart “KAMAISHI BAY of RIKUCHU” in 1872, the next year of its establishment, and expanded its chart series after that.</p><p>As Japan experienced several wars and expanded its national jurisdiction by 1945, JHD expanded its chart series. Most of these charts were open to the merchant ships, but some of them were not open to public as military secrets at that time. Furthermore, JHD, as one of the organizations under the navy, made aeronautical charts for naval airplanes. These charts have been stored in archives, but some were lost in fires. Not all of charts ever published by JHD exist now. The existing charts published by 1945 are kept in the Hydrographic & Oceanographic Museum.</p><p>After World War II, JHD was restructured as one of the organizations of Japan Coast Guard under the Ministry of Transport (currently the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport). The chart production of Japan in post war days has received big influences by the economic situation of Japan and the world, frameworks of international societies and developments of the technologies.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the economic situation, the number of chart publication increased due to the large number of the constructions of domestic harbours in the periods of the post war reconstruction and the following high economic growth of Japan, but it has decreased little by little since 1970’s by the influences of such as depressions of domestic economy, and decrease of ships registered in Japan and Japanese mariners. On the other hand, JHOD has published navigational charts written only in English in recent years for foreign mariners which number increases like supplementing a decrease of Japanese mariners. Moreover, JHOD has published basic maps of the sea as basic material of use, development, environmental preservation and the natural disaster prevention etc. of the ocean.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the frameworks of the international societies, JHOD has published fishery charts which show the fishery areas on the agreements between neighbouring countries, and also writes the straight baselines and limits of the territorial sea on the navigational charts according to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the developments of the technologies, innovations of positioning technology and improvement of the computer ability influenced largely in chart production. JHOD used to publish Decca charts and Loran charts in the age of radio navigation. Because satellite navigation became common in recent years, the difference between WGS84 and Tokyo-datum (nearly 500&thinsp;m) was put in questions. Corresponding to it, JHOD temporarily published some Tokyo-datum charts on which latitude and longitude lines based on WGS84 in green were added, and since 2000, JHOD has published navigational charts based on WGS84 and no more on Tokyo-datum. Furthermore, with the growth of computer ability, JHOD has shifted its chart compilation from full manually to by using computer assisted partly, and in 1996, JHOD established chart compilation process under fully computer assisted. In addition, JHOD published the first electronic navigational chart (ENC) in the world in 1995.</p><p>JHOD as the responsible organization of Japan for chart production will continue to produce charts in the future adjusting to the environment that surrounds charts and navigations.</p></p>
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Kurajian, Olivia A. "“Fraternally Yours”: The Role of Women in Montreal’s Prominent Scottish Fraternities, 1870s–2000s." International Journal of Canadian Studies 58 (April 1, 2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.58.x.110.
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Fraternal societies were integral to both the social and fiscal security of newcomers and to established generations of Scottish-Canadians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Montreal, scholars have identified the pan-Canadian Sons of Scotland Benevolent Association and St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal as having been particularly active fraternal organizations. Much of the existing literature on Scottish associational culture in Canada understands it in terms of ethnicity. However, the underexplored concept of gender in associational culture can provide an equally valuable framework. Despite a seemingly shared ethnic identity, the lived experiences, beliefs, identities, socio-economic realities, religions, genders and approaches to inclusion were markedly different among Scottish-Canadian Montrealers. Through the use of an oral history project, the Sons of Scotland Benevolent Association and St. Andrew’s Society archives, and peer-reviewed literature, this article illuminates gender issues in androcentric Scottish-Canadian fraternal societies through careful examination of women’s lives within and on the periphery of Montreal’s fraternal orders.
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Burin, E. "BETH A. SALERNO. Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. 2005. Pp. x, 233. $38.00." American Historical Review 111, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 1175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.4.1175.
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Delgado, Lorenzo, and Óscar J. Martín. "El apoyo internacional a la reforma educativa en España." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 14 (May 26, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.14.2021.28387.
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In the 1960s, an international debate emerged on the role of education in the worldwide changes taking place in the political, social and economic sphere. Multilateral agencies such as the OECD and UNESCO played an important role in this process. Inspired by some of the central tenets of modernization and human capital theories, these organizations sought to steer the transitions from “traditional societies” to “modern” ones. In Franco’s Spain, this process of modernization was led by the technocratic sectors of the dictatorship, who aspired to become the agents of a project of change controlled from the state apparatus. International organizations actively participated in the analysis of the Spanish educational system, and recommendeding measures to bring it into line with the needs of economic development. The corollary of this work was their support for the 1970 General Education Law, which also enjoyed the endorsement of some of the main foreign allies of the Franco regime, such as the United States, the World Bank and the Ford Foundation. This support took the form of advice, funding, specialist training and educational assistance. The article addresses this whole process. It examines the efforts of various international actors and their involvement in the modernization of education in Spain as a step towards convergence with the Western model.
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Masrukhin, M., and S. Supaat. "The Islamic Mass Organization Contribution in Protecting the ReligiosityInclusive and Diversity in Indonesia." ADDIN 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v12i2.4541.
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<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study aims to describe the contribution of Islamic community organizations (ormas) in maintaining diversity and religiousness are inclusive in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative approach and kind of research of Secondary Data Analysis (SDA). Data collection techniques with secondary data through the internet media. Data analysis techniques using three steps are: (1). Indentifying sources of information, (2). Gathering existing data, (3). Normalizing data of needed, (4). Analyzing data.The results of this study found: (1) The existence of Islamic organizations in Indonesia can be seen from three things: (a). Indonesia is a country that has diversity in the life of the community, the existence of Islamic organizations if managed properly communicative, controlled, transparent and accountable, it will be able to become a buffer in national development, (b) Popularity of Islamic organizations in the perspective of students there are five: Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhmmadiyah, Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia. Organizations of Islamic societies that are considered popular by students are NU and Muhammadiyah, (c) The Government is obliged to discipline all existing organizations by making a set of rules in the form of Ormas Ordinances and Government Regulations. Real mass organizations are against the value of Pancasila and the UUD 1945, the government is entitled to be given warning, guidance until the revocation of the permit of the relevant organization, (2). Indonesia is a plural country. Pluralism can be seen from the diversity and religiousness of the community. The pluralism of the Indonesian people encourages us to unite in the unitary state of the unity of the Indonesian republic, (3). The formation of Islamic organizations aims to maintain unity and unity of the nation and also as a media aspirations of the community. The role of Islamic Organizations in maintaining diversity and religiousness that are inclusive in Indonesia can be seen two forms of Islamic mass organizations proven in history plays an important role in maintaining pluralism in Indonesia and Islamic organizations contribute positively to the development of Islamic education in Indonesia, (4). Islamic organizations in historical development have experienced many obstacles both internally and externally, government support is very important in the development of Islamic organizations in Indonesia.</p>
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Woodger, Kevin. "“We Speak for Those who Cannot Speak for Themselves”." Ontario History 105, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050731ar.
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This article examines the history of the Toronto Humane Society [THS] from 1887 to 1891. It argues that the THS drew on the discourses of earlier Humane Societies and SPCAs in Britain and the United States and concludes that, like other animal welfare organizations, the THS saw the moral reform of the working classes as one of its primary duties. To do this, the Humane Society is linked to the larger moral and social reform movement that permeated the city in the late-nineteenth century. Dominated by members of Toronto’s middle class, the THS inordinately targeted workers in its efforts to spread humane sentiments throughout the city.
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Laubenthal, Barbara, and Kevin Myers. "Memories of Migration." German Politics and Society 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390204.
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Based on key concepts of memory studies, this article investigates how immigration is remembered in two different societies: the United Kingdom and Germany. Starting from the assumption that social remembering has the potential to encourage the integration of migrants, we analyze in several case studies how civil society organizations and government actors remember historical immigration processes and how the immigrant past is reflected in popular culture. Our analysis shows that both countries have several factors in common with regard to the role of immigration in collective memory. A common feature is the marginal status accorded to migration and, when it is remembered, the highly restricted role offered to immigrants. However, our studies also reveal that memory can become an important mode for the integration of migrants if it is used as a form of political activism and if organizations proactively use the past to make demands for the incorporation of immigrants.
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Rozov, Nikolai S. "REVOLUTIONS AND HUMANISTIC MEANING OF HISTORY." Respublica literaria, RL. 2021. vol.2. no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2021.2.2.35-49.
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The role of social revolutions is considered in two interrelated contexts: the meaning of history and modernization. The meaning of history is interpreted as a success of the historical selftest of humanity in building large intra- and interstate systems of formal institutions and organizations (Gesellschaft) that would provide the most favourable conditions for the development of various small informal, based on trust and solidarity communities (Gemeinschaft) and for a full value (free, worthy and meaningful) life of individuals of the current and future generations. This global historical self-test needs to overcome the harsh obstacles: from scarcity of resources to group selfishness, inescapable temptations to hegemony, conflict, violence, and exploitation. Modernization with its five main lines occurs to be extremely significant for the historical success of the global self-test. Bureaucratization and capitalist industrialization are ambiguous, while secularization, democratization and ensuring of creative freedom fully correspond to the meaning of history thus understood. Revolutions interact with the main lines of modernization in a complicated way. They destroy old bureaucracies and create new ones, lead to secularization or its reversal, contribute to the development of capitalism or destroy the markets of the capital, labour and land, lead societies to democracy or to even greater authoritarianism, open up freedom to cultural creation or suppress it. Revolutions are the most effective but also the most controversial phenomena, both in terms of modernization and in terms of the meaning of history as a global self-test of the human race.
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Rommel-Ruiz, Bryan. "Sister Societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America, and: Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (review)." Journal of the Early Republic 27, no. 1 (2007): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2007.0013.
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Dearstyne, Bruce W. "Introduction." Public Historian 33, no. 3 (2011): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2011.33.3.7.
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Abstract This special issue of the Public Historian explores issues relating to the management of public history programs in New York State. State history is something that continues to be worthy of preservation, management, study, and analysis because of the distinctive historical development and traits of each state and the role of state history as a portal to national history. New York's history is complex because of its size, ethnic diversity, cosmopolitan character, and the rapid pace of its historical development. What might be termed its “historical infrastructure”—the totality of programs to manage its history—is also complex. State government history programs include the State Archives, State Museum, and Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. There are large organizations with statewide programs and influence such as the New York State Historical Association, dozens of state historic sites, and several hundred local historical societies and historical museums. Issues include lack of funding, inadequate public support, fragmentation of effort and need for better coordination, and need for more robust use of information technology. Each of the seven essays represents its author's insights and perspectives on accomplishments, issues, and needs.
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Lagervall, Rickard. "Representations of religion in secular states: the Muslim communities in Sweden†." Contemporary Arab Affairs 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2013.856081.
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The presence of Muslim populations in Western European societies is a relatively new phenomenon which is raising questions about how these societies treat religious minorities. This article considers the situation in Sweden, beginning with a brief history of the development of the Swedish state from one based on the Lutheran faith to today's secular society in which state and religion are officially separated. It moves on to discuss the emergence of a sizable Muslim population in the latter part of the 20th century and considers the ways in which the secular character and religious neutrality of the state offer such religious minorities space to practise their religions. However, as Swedish society, politics and law are still premised on certain Christian notions of what religion should be, Muslims and more particularly Islamic organizations in the country have to find ways to adapt themselves to these pre-existing religious structures. Thus the presence of a large Muslim minority has affected the mindset of the members of this minority as well as the Swedish host society.