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1
Davidson, Jaime. "A participatory approach to developing a holistic and interdisciplinary adaptive capacity index for urban livelihoods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23025.
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Evaluating the success of the growing number of climate adaptation initiatives is challenging. Assessment of adaptive capacity has been used to focus, prioritise and track the progress of adaptation interventions as well as to identify key barriers to and opportunities for implementing adaptation. Many adaptive capacity assessments have relied on secondary data and expert judgement. Given the call in climate change research and practice for bottom-up approaches that value communities' insight, it is clear that more participatory approaches for the assessment of adaptive capacity need to be developed. This research aims to address this gap by developing an adaptive capacity index that adopts a mixed methods approach and prioritises input from local stakeholders. Many adaptive capacity assessments have focussed on rural areas where livelihoods are directly exposed to climate variability. There is growing recognition that increasing numbers of people are settling in urban areas and many of these livelihoods are often at the margin. This thesis focuses on urban livelihoods where a more holistic understanding of adaptive capacity is required which recognises that a community's capacity to adjust to climatic stressors is interlinked to its capacity to adjust to environmental, social, economic and political challenges. An adaptive capacity index is developed in this thesis that includes and characterises the more subjective determinants of adaptive capacity, rather than giving precedence to material resources as the key determinant of a community's adaptive capacity. To achieve this richer understanding, the index is informed by a framework that incorporates aspects of individuals' agency and social cohesion. Using a case study of four towns in the Bergrivier Municipality, South Africa, this research develops an index of adaptive capacity that is holistic, collaborative and interdisciplinary. The scores generated by the index are analysed using statistical and regression analyses that are contextualised by stakeholders' inputs to explore the variation in adaptive capacity across socially differentiated groups. Key insights from these analyses relate to the variation in adaptive capacity between the four towns and differences in the adaptive capacity of males and females. Interestingly, the analyses revealed the absence of a positive correlation between schooling level and both adaptive capacity and wellbeing variables which could be attributed to limited economic opportunities in the area, particularly for high-skilled workers. The analyses also highlighted the need to support initiatives that strengthen the social cohesion within the community to improve the inclusion of marginal demographic groups. The thesis reflects on the participatory and collaborative research process, finding that combining quantitative and qualitative data through an interdisciplinary process has the potential to provide an index that is more reflective of subjective capacity. This more holistic understanding of adaptive capacity can align with the field of wellbeing, to offer valuable insight into building adaptive capacity for urban livelihoods that is grounded in both academic and applied fields.
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Rice, Wayne Stanley. "Contextualising the bycatch 'problem' in the Olifants Estuary Small-Scale Gillnet Fishery using an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19987.
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Conventional fisheries management approaches have been shown, in many instances, to have been ineffective in dealing with complex conservation concerns such as bycatch. Greater considerations for broader-scale and holistic approaches, as proposed by the 'Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries' (EAF) and the 'balanced harvesting approach', are beginning to challenge some of the negative misconceptions around bycatch, especially in small-scale fisheries. The need for a more holistic approach to fisheries management, particularly in small-scale fisheries, in South Africa is highlighted by its commitment to an EAF and the recent Small-Scale Fisheries Policy, for which the Marine living Resource Act of 1998 provides the legal framework to implement. The case study of the Olifants estuary small-scale traditional gillnet fishing community, located on the west coast of South Africa, provides a particularly relevant example of a complex fishery requiring a holistic approach. Current regulations prohibit the harvesting or retention of any bycatch species. Fisheries management worldwide and in South Africa, generally view gillnet fisheries as destructive, due to the occurrence of bycatch and the fact that many of these bycatch species are considered overexploited, which has led to numerous attempts over the years to phase out the Olifants gillnet fishery. The purpose of this study was to, firstly, use an EAF framework to contextualise the issue of bycatch in the Olifants gillnet fishery, and secondly, to identify the relative contributions of all fisheriy sectors to the four key selected linefish species caught as bycatch by the fishery. An extensive review and analysis of available secondary data, as well as primary data collected for this study, have estimated, with acknowledged limitations, the magnitude of the exploitation by all known fisheries of these species. Key information from small-scale fisher interviews and community-monitoring data highlight the capture rate of key linefish species by this fishery. This is echoed by recent landings for 2012 indicating the relative contribution of the national beache seine and gillnet fishery to the overall catch of (Elf [Pomatomus saltatrix] - 26.94%; Silver Kob [Argyrosomus inodorus] - 0.88%; White Stumpnose [Rhabdosargus globiceps] - 1.05% - excluding the recreational sector). A significant finding of this study is the substantial levels of cross-sectorial exploitation of Silver Kob and White Stumpnose, and to a somewhat lesser extent Elf and White Steenbras.
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Seugling, Eric Ben. "The experiential approach to type in an urban Environment : a shopping deck : Farmer's market + retail + parking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24090.
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KLAASSEN, Anne, and anne klaassen@det wa edu au. "A LEARNING COMMUNITY APPROACH TO SCHOOLING : TWO AUSTRALIAN CASE STUDIES." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of Education, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0045.html.
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This research project investigates the implementation of a learning community approach in two rural Australian communities with a particular focus on the initiatives of a primary school in each community. Case study research describes and analyses the developments in each community and a cross case analysis examines similarities and differences in approach and outcomes.
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Reed, James. "Integrated landscape approaches for society and environment : from premise to practice." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/89102/.
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Whitcher, Sarah E. "Animals, environment and society : a zooarchaeological approach to the Late Chalcolithic-Early Bronze I transition in the southern Levant." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22736.
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The Chalcolithic-Early Bronze I (ca. 4500-3000 BCE) in the southern Levant saw significant social, political, and economic changes, evidenced by changing architectural styles, settlement patterns, and material cultures. Developments in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I gave way to the first walled settlements in the Early Bronze II, sometimes termed the first "urban" period in the southern Levant. This study investigates the animal component of the subsistence economy during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I in the southern Levant. In light of the proposed social, political, and economic changes occurring at this time, certain changes in the use of animals and their products are proposed. Zooarchaeological data are used to address four research themes: 1) the nature and degree of change in the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze IA; 2) evidence within the subsistence economy that might help explain the Chalcolithic collapse; 3) zooarchaeological distinctions between the Early Bronze IA and IB, two discrete phases which are rarely separated in zooarchaeological studies; and, 4) a zooarchaeological assessment of the relationship between Egypt and the southern Levant from its incipience in the Chalcolithic to its climax in the Early Bronze IB. Results indicate that meat and secondary products provisioning occurred on a household basis from the Chalcolithic through the Early Bronze IB. However, changes in animal use noted between sites and over time at Shiqmim, Afrida, and the Halif Terrace indicate changing subsistence strategies within the limits of household production. The varying strategies indicate how the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I people related to environmental limitations and changes in stability in light of the changing socio-political situations. Evidence from the later Early Bronze IB indicates a particularly significant change towards more intensified use of sheep/goat. The animal economy has also been found to serve as a catalyst for change-in the case of the donkey, whose increased presence corresponds, not coincidentally, with increasing contact with Egypt. Zooarchaeological analyses are therefore found to build upon our interpretations of the nature and degree of change from the Chalcolithic through the Early Bronze IB.
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Francesch, Maria. "A "disciplined governance" approach to government." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67867325101140654219.
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Becker, Lisa. "‘Hambi bleibt!’ - Securitizing the Environment - A case study of discursive threat-construction surrounding the Hambach Forest." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23600.
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Although issues linked to global environmental change and its role within peace, conflict andsecurity have been subject to social and political controversy for years, they are still notsufficiently respected by energy companies, trade unions, national governments andinternational institutions alike. Through applying the tools of a single instrumental case studylinked to the application of discourse analysis I, this study explores the process of securitizationof the environment in the extraordinary case of the resistance and occupation surrounding theHambach Forest, thereby countering the widely held assumption that collective action aimedat radically changing existing structures is not possible. The particular exploratory focus is puton the way this non-conventional environmental security discourse has been created within aredefined securitization framework. By challenging the traditional focus of securitizationtheory on top-down construction through elites, this study provides a broadened, bottom-upaccount of environmental securitization stemming from local civil society actors as nonpowerholdersthat effectively proclaim their recognition of the environment’s intrinsic valuefrom a grassroots level. Consequently, it argues for the significance of securitization as creativeprocess of alerting policy makers, political leaders and the broader society to the emergency ofclimate change and global environmental degradation symbolized through the specific case ofHambach Forest.
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Diana, Annamaria. "Medieval populations, society and climate : an interdisciplinary approach to the study of two skeletal assemblages from Bucharest and Braşov (Romania), 14th-18th cent. AD." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25795.
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The complex relationship between human societies and the environment has become a thriving field of research over the past three decades. The contribution of human osteoarchaeology to exploring this relationship, however, has been rather limited. Two unpublished late medieval skeletal assemblages unearthed in the historical centres of Bucharest and Braşov (located in southern and north-central Romania respectively) seemed ideal choices for investigating the impact of substantial climatic and environmental changes that took place worldwide between the 14th and the 18th century AD. As witnessed by medieval artistic and documentary sources, this unsettled climate was mirrored by human populations with social and political instability, epidemics, famine, but also through the rise of new cultural movements. The analysis of over 600 individuals (a minimum number of 421 individuals from Bucharest and 206 from Braşov) was carried out to: 1) Provide a thorough osteological analysis, and compare and test statistically the collected data to reconstruct demographic and pathological patterning; 2) Identify ‘skeletal environmental markers’, i.e. possible indicators of the effect of climatic shifts on the human body; 3) Cross-reference osteological, archaeological, historical and climatological data in order to present a robust biocultural assessment of the impact of environmental and historical events on the Romanian population during the Middle Ages. The identification of low life-expectancy, higher mortality rates for children and young adults and general high morbidity levels were in line with other studies on medieval populations. However, evidence for a high prevalence of specific physiological and psychological stress markers was observed in these two geographically, culturally and economically different urban communities. As a strong mortality- and morbidity-shaping factor, the detrimental effect of climate anomalies is one of the main explanations for such findings, and is supported by medieval historical sources and recent advances in Romanian climatological studies. Despite some limitations (i.e. incomplete chronological information for most of the burial contexts, minimal local historical sources, lack of funding for isotopic analyses, and time constraints), the results of the present study have offered a new perspective on the relationship between Romanian medieval populations and their living environment, and have shown the enormous potential of interdisciplinary bioarchaeological research in Romania.
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Li, Ying, and 李颖. "The dynamics between the local state, the community and environmental NGOs in China: a state-in-society approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47032923.
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Shigetomi, Yosuke. "Study of Mid-Term Impact of Japanese Households on Formation of Low-Carbon Society from Consumption-Based Approach." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215644.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(エネルギー科学)<br>甲第19818号<br>エネ博第324号<br>新制||エネ||65(附属図書館)<br>32854<br>京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 東野 達, 教授 宇根﨑 博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN,Benjamin<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Vorva, Madison G. "Using Geospatial Analysis for High School Environmental Science Education: A Case Study of the Jane Goodall Institute's Community-Centered Conservation Approach." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/181.
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Given my experiences as a young conservation advocate, I saw a need to teach students the importance of interconnectedness, cultural awareness and systems-thinking skills through a spatial lens. I believe these skills are required for holistic, equitable and sustainable conservation decision-making in local and international contexts. This thesis uses geospatial tools to teach conservation ecology vocabulary and concepts from high school environmental science curriculum in two online resources. The purpose of my lesson plan is to show students how conservationists address complex conservation and land-use challenges using the Jane Goodall Institute’s community-centered conservation approach as a case-study. My hope is that these lessons empower students to become change-agents in their communities.
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Demange, Jonathan. "Un modèle d'environnement pour la simulation multiniveau - Application à la simulation de foules." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863674.
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Cette thèse propose un modèle organisationnel et holonique de l'environnement pour la simulation des déplacements de piétons dans des bâtiments. Une foule de piétons peut être considérée comme un système composé d'un grand nombre d'entités en interaction, dont la dynamique globale ne peut se réduire à la somme des comportements de ses composants. La simulation multiniveau fondée sur les modèles multiagents holoniques constitue une approche permettant d'analyser la dynamique de tels systèmes. Elle autorise leur analyse en considérant plusieurs niveaux d'observation (microscopique, mésoscopique et macroscopique) et prend en compte les ressources de calcul disponibles. Dans ces systèmes, l'environnement est considéré comme l'une des parties essentielles. La dynamique des piétons composant la foule est alors clairement distinguée de celle de l'environnement dans lequel ils se déplacent. Un modèle organisationnel décrivant la structure et la dynamique de l'environnement est proposé. L'environnement est structurellement décomposé en zones, sous-zones, etc. Les organisations et les rôles de cet environnement sont projetés dans une société d'agents ayant en charge de simuler la dynamique de l'environnement et les différentes missions qui lui sont classiquement assignées dans les systèmes multiagents. Ce modèle précise également les règles de passage entre deux niveaux d'observation. Ainsi, chaque agent appartenant au modèle de l'environnement tente d'utiliser une approximation des comportements de ses sous-zones afin de limiter la consommation de ressources durant la simulation. La qualité de l'approximation entre ces deux niveaux d'observation est évaluée avec des indicateurs énergétiques. Ils permettent de déterminer si l'agent approxime correctement les comportements des agents associés aux sous-zones. En sus du modèle organisationnel et holonique proposé, nous présentons un modèle concret de la simulation de voyageurs dans un terminal d'aéroport. Ce modèle concret est implanté sur les plateformes JaSIM et Janus.
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Coelho, Maria Emília Mão de Ferro dos Santos Alves. "A problemática da água no âmbito da educação ambiental, no ensino das ciências físico-químicas no 3º ciclo do ensino básico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14842.
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A investigação debruçou-se sobre a forma como um conjunto de professores de Ciências Físico-Químicas, a leccionar em escolas do distrito de Évora, aborda a temática da água, no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico.
Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, em que a recolha de dados foi feita através da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a informação recolhida foi tratada tendo por base procedimentos associados à análise de conteúdos. Inicialmente foi feita uma revisão da bibliografia, acerca da água enquanto substância essencial à vida, bem como dos documentos orientadores da disciplina de Ciências Físico-Químicas no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, apesar de os professores manifestarem preocupação com os problemas associados à água, o tratamento da temática é feito de forma pouco sistemática nas aulas, não havendo uma planificação efectiva e integrada da sua abordagem em termos ambientais; ABSTRACT:Our research has focused on how a group of Physics and Chemistry teachers, teaching in schools in the district of Évora, approaches the water topic in the 3rd cycle of basic education.
This is a qualitative study in which the data collection was accomplished by conducting semi-structured interviews and the information gathered was treated on the basis of procedures related to content analysis. We began by reviewing both literature about water as an essential substance to life and the guiding documents of the Physics and Chemistry school subject in the 3rd cycle of basic education.
The results suggest that even though teachers do express their concern about the problems related to water, the treatment of this topic is rather unsystematically handled in the classroom, and there was neither effective nor integrated planning in terms of its environmental approach.
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Price, David A. "Environmental choices : coal, industry, environment, and society." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244902.
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Freire, GermaÌn. "The Piaroa : environment and society in transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249830.
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Hohotă, Valentina Gabriela. "La construction des identités carcérales dans le discours des prisonniers : approche comparée français et roumain." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL005/document.
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Notre thèse, La construction des identités carcérales dans le discours des prisonniers. Approche comparée français et roumain, propose une analyse des milieux carcéraux français et roumain dans une perspective sociolinguistique. Nous proposons une vision pluridisciplinaire de l’analyse du milieu de réclusion, ainsi que du discours carcéral en vue de comprendre les manifestations langagières des sujets-parlants constituant notre échantillon. Pour ce qui est de la mise en pratique du discours de la prison, notre thèse la discute en termes de prémisse pour l’expression de l’identité multiple du sujet-parlant détenu et comme moyen d’intégration sociale de celui-ci dans le nouveau groupe social. Le principe qui est à la base de cette recherche est celui de valorisation. Pour avoir une vision complexe du monde carcéral, nous puisons à la fois dans des sciences linguistiques et non linguistiques qui permettent, d’une part, la compréhension du milieu de réclusion en tant que milieu dichotomique et clos, et, d’autre part, l’ouverture de pistes de recherche sociolinguistique. Cette thèse à été construite suite à un travail de terrain auprès de 100 personnes privées de liberté et grâce à la connaissance in situ de ce que nous appelons intimité carcérale. Nous partons de la définition de ce concept pour mieux mettre en évidence l’écart qui s’établit entre l’individuel déviant et la collectivité normative, plus précisément pour souligner l’essence de la psychologie sociale, c’est-à-dire « le conflit entre l’individu et la société. » Notre recherche analyse deux hypostases du sujet-parlant détenu : dans son milieu quotidien, lors du processus de socialisation et de construction de l’identité carcérale multiple à l’aide des relations non officielles et dans des situations de communication officielle. Cette thèse est composée de 3 parties, avec un total de 6 chapitres. Tout d’abord, nous nous penchons sur le contexte social caractérisant les deux milieux de réclusion, ce dernier devenant progressivement le point d’appui pour la mise en discussion des identités carcérales<br>Our thesis, Construction of prison-related identities in detainees’ speech. A comparative vision on the French and Romanian fields, of Romanian and French prison-related environments proposes an analysis from a sociolinguistic perspective. We put forth a multidisciplinary analysis of the prison-related environment and of the prison speech with the purpose of understanding the linguistic manifestations and behaviours of the subject-speakers making up our sample group. As concerns the putting into practice of detainees’ speech, our thesis considers it as a premise for the expression of the multiple identity of the detainee subject-speaker and as a means for his social reintegration into the new social group. The principle underlying the current research is that of exploitation of results. In order to have a complex vision of the prison-related world, we put together linguistic and non-linguistic sciences which could allow us, on the one hand, to understand the prison-related environment as a closed and dichotomic environment and, on the other hand, to open up new sociolinguistic researches. The current thesis was built as a result of a field work which meant getting into contact with 100 persons in custody and getting to know in situ what we call prison-related intimacy. We start out in our scientific approach by defining this concept to underline the distance between the deviant individual and the regulatory collectivity, more exactly to point out the essence of the social psychology, which is "the conflict between the individual and the society". Our research analyses two aspects of the detainee subject-speaker: in its daily environment, during the process of socializing and building the multiple prison-related identity by means of the unofficial relationships and in official communication situations. The thesis is structured in three parts, having a total of 6 chapters. In the first part, we concentrate on the social context characterizing the two prison-related environments, the latter progressively becoming a support point in discussing the prison-related identities<br>Teza noastră, Construirea identităţilor carcerale în discursul deţinuţilor. O viziune comparată asupra domeniilor francez şi român, a mediilor carcerale francez şi român propune o analiză din perspectivă sociolingvistiă. Propunem o analiză pluridisciplinară a mediului carceral şi a discursului închisorii cu scopul de a înţelege manifestările şi comportamentele lingvistice ale subiecţilor-vorbitori care constitue eşantionul nostru. In ceea ce priveşte punerea în practică a discursului deţinuţilor, teza noastră îl discută ca premisă a exprimării identităţii multiple a subiectului-vorbitor deţinut şi ca mijloc de integrare socială a acestuia în cadrul noului grup social. Principiul care stă la baza acestei cercetări este cel al valorizării. Pentru a avea o viziune complexă asupra lumii carcerale, reunim ştiinţe lingvistice si nelingvistice care să ne permită, pe de o parte, înţelegerea mediului carceral ca mediu dihotomic şi închis şi, pe de alta parte, deschiderea de piste de cercetare sociolingvistică. Această teză a fost construită ca urmare a unei munci de teren care a însemnat contactarea a 100 de persoane private de libertate şi cunoasterea la faţa locului a ceea ce noi numim intimitate carcerală. Plecăm în demersul nostru ştiinţific de la definirea acestui concept pentru a pune în evidenţa distanţa care se stabileşte între individualul deviant şi colectivitatea normativă, mai exact pentru a sublinia esenţa psihologiei sociale, adică « conflictul intre individ si societate. » Cercetarea noastră analizează doua ipostaze ale subiectului-vorbitor deţinut : în mediul său cotidian, în timpul procesului de socializare şi de construire a identităţii carcerale multiple cu ajutorul relaţiilor neoficiale şi în situaţii de comunicare oficiale. Această teză este structurată în 3 părţi, cu un total de 6 capitole. In prima sa parte, ne concentrăm pe contextul social ce caracterizează cele două medii carcerale, acesta din urmă devenind progresiv punctul de sprjin în discutarea identităţilor carcerale
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Rose, Kathleen A. "Environment "atmosphere" /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11084.
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Kastritis, Athanasios A. "The Ways Hypothesis : An alternative approach to Society." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506937.
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UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX ATHANASIOS A. KASTRITIS DPHIL IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT THE WAYS HYPOTHESIS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO SOCIETY SUMMARY There has been a tendency in theories of social constitution to regard the person-society connection as a partial overlap, whereby certain properties of one would be either interdependent with, or over-determined by, those of the other. An attempt to see one totally immersed in the other would be bound to end up with either a reductionist view of society followed, all too rightly, by its rejection as a category altogether, or a vanquishing of human individuality in a mirror house of oppressive inter-subjectivity. Yet intuition would indicate that each one of us is born in a coming together of worldly possibilities whereby the most private phenomenon, the perspective itself, is formed out of the very flesh of social life. Could this intuition be extended past this delicate moment to allow for a constitution of society which, while able to deliver and sustain distinct human perspectives, still extends past their presupposition for its constitution? The Ways Hypothesis presents its reader with a thought experiment which explores the possibility and implications of conceptualising a different type of social constituent as an alternative to the human individual. The thesis introduces the notion of way in its variety of significances and applications and gradually narrows it down to a restricted definition. Engaging in a discussion of existing propositions on the character of, as well as the need for, a concept of society, it uses this restricted definition to introduce an intertwining of ways as a socially specific aspect of reality. It concludes by exploring two implications of this proposition: an understanding of the human self as a sense of place constituted in the intertwining of ways; and a complementary view of theory formation that extends the former to a sense of space. The thesis adopts a minimalist approach to realism, introducing a lightweight ontology that lends itself openly to a pluralist epistemology. It does not set out to replace the task of research, but actually strives to develop its proposition without stepping on the toes of theoretical explanation and empirical work. The liquidity of its key concept allows the argument to trade insights with a wide range of theoretical works including: Maurice Merleau-Pontys phenomenology of perception and Pierre Bourdieus sociology of practice; Bruno Latours ANT sociology and the philosophy of Michel Serres; the sociologies of Émile Durkheim, and Norbert Elias; Georg Simmels sociology of space; William James radical empiricism.
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Tan, Elaine Shek Yan. "Understanding African international society : an English School approach." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/13785.
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This thesis seeks to explore an English School understanding of regional international society and construct a conceptual framework derived from the body of English School literature that can provide significant insights into international society at the regional level. This conceptual framework will be applied to an analysis of three case studies from continental Africa: the Union Government debate, the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), and the African Union (AU) position on United Nations Security Council (UNSC) expansion. The framework is comprised of two multifaceted main themes: the degree of solidarism in regional international society, and the potential tensions between regional and global international societies. The analysis of the case studies through the conceptual framework indicates that African international society is characterised by a low degree of solidarism; while the ambit of African international society has expanded considerably, there is still minimal consensus on the character of the African state, and minimal commitment to law enforcement, or the prioritisation of regional over national interests. Despite the presence of significant collaborative aspects, African international society's relationship with global international society is also marked by significant tensions, with a particularly prominent link between the desire to militate against global hegemony and global-regional identity dynamics. Through the utilisation of the conceptual framework in the case studies, this thesis demonstrates viability of the framework and the potential of the English School in studying politics at the regional level. In addition to providing a better understanding of African international relations therefore, this thesis makes a theoretical contribution that could form the basis of future English School research on regions.
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Kemp, Stephen. "Reconciling science and society : a critical historicist approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22369.
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This thesis criticises a pervasive dualism in the philosophy of social sciences, the division between natural science and society. It argues that analysis which relies on this division misrepresents both natural scientific investigation and other social activities. From a dualistic perspective, those activities that allow a successful interaction with the material world, typically associated with natural science, are held to have a non-social aspect. Their theories (or 'meanings') are said to have a ground outside of the historical development and change which is characteristic of other social practices. It is this ground which is held to explain the progressive character of science. Conversely, those activities that are seen as fully social in character are theorised as if they were not variably successful in the achievement of their goals. As an alternative to this division, a 'critical historicist' approach is developed, drawing on post-positivist philosophy of science. It is argued that all social activities, including scientific investigation, are constituted by meanings, develop historically (rather than having a non-historical foundation), and are variably successful in character. This conception of social activity is then used to criticise existing philosophies of social science for their dualistic approach. Both anti-naturalistic approaches, represented by structuration theory, and naturalistic approaches, represented by realism, are considered. Structuration theory argues that natural science and other social practices are distinct because the latter involve issues of meaning not encountered in the former. This claim is challenged, and it is argued that issues of meaning are the same in natural science and other social activities. Although realism's analysis of social life is inspired by natural scientific investigation, it also distinguishes the properties of the two, suggesting that social activity involves both an 'objective' (scientific) aspect and a 'social' aspect. The thesis argues that this separation leads to analytical incoherence, and an indefensible conception of both 'science' and 'society'. It is suggested that the adoption of a critical historicist approach would remove this incoherence.
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Stogsdill, Kate. "Liquid Liberalism: Environment, the State, and Society in Porfirian Mexico." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/75.
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In this thesis, I propose that Mexican water works during the Porfiriato influenced the development of modernity because of hydrology’s link between society and environment. These two canals in particular provide a window on the relationship between the state and environment that connects the two in the efforts of state formation. The Gran Canal and the Canal de la Viga both worked as tools for social and political construction for Mexicans to imagine modernity for themselves and for their country.
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Gudmundsson, Malin. "Environment in school : The schools work for a sustainable society." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-843.
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<p>Environmental issues are highly topical today and most people are more or less concerned. It is important to start with environmental work and environmental studies in early ages, already in school. The purpose of this essay is to examine what a school can do for the environment and to see how a school can work with these issues. Furthermore, what is passed on to the pupils and how involved are they in the work for a sustainable future?</p><p>The study was conducted by the means of qualitative interviews with four teachers and the head of environmental questions at the school.</p><p>The school is new since fall 2006 and they have just started with the environmental work, says the ones I interviewed. But they all think it will be better in the near future. At this school both adults and children are very interested and involved in the environmental work. The school has several recourses to facilitate the practical environmental work, both children and adults are fully engaged. The recycling process is well developed at the school, they rather recycle than consume. The higher grade students have more classes about global environmental issues while the lower grades do concentrate on the nearby environment, on a level that fits the children. The lower grades at this school are more involved in the work for the environment than the higher grades.</p><p>At the school there is a good will to develop the environmental work and they have a great potential to do so.</p><br><p>Miljöfrågor är högst aktuellt och det är något som berör oss alla. Det är viktigt att vara medveten och delaktig redan i tidig ålder för att göra arbetet för ett hållbart samhälle vardagligt och det är därför viktigt att börja med miljöarbete och miljöundervisning redan i skolan. Syftet med arbetet är att få kunskap om vad en skola kan göra för miljön, hur en skolas miljöarbete ser ut, vad förmedlas till barnen och hur medvetna och delaktiga är de i skolans miljöarbete.</p><p>Undersökningen gjordes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra pedagoger och skolans miljöansvarig.</p><p>Skolan är ny sedan hösten 2006 och har därför inte mer än kommit igång med sitt miljöarbete påstår de intervjuade, men alla är överens om att det kommer att se bättre ut framöver. På skolan är både vuxna och barn intresserade och engagerade i miljöarbetet. Skolan är utrustad med flera verktyg för praktiskt miljöarbete och dessa används både av personal och elever. Källsortering är ett väl fungerande system på skolan och de återanvänder istället för att förbruka. I undervisningen på högstadiet pratar man mer om den globala miljön än i de lägre stadierna. I de lägre stadierna arbetar de med miljö på barnens nivå, de pratar om och arbetar med sådant som barnen kan relatera till och som barnen kan vara med och påverka. De lägre stadierna är över lag mer engagerade i miljöarbetet jämförelsevis med högstadiet.</p><p>På skolan finns en vilja att förbättra miljöarbetet och det finns en stor potential för att genomföra detta.</p>
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McBrien, Brandon James. "Social Architecture: A Study of Society & the Built Environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244434.
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In 2009, the American Community Survey revealed that social equality gaps in the US had reached the highest on record. Never has there been more need for social equality than now, and many experts predict that social divisions are only going to worsen. Furthermore, with the current state of the economy, the amount of resources available to non-profit organizations that attempt to mitigate social inequality has drastically shrunk. Organizations, such as TOMS Shoes, American Apparel, the One Percent, and many others have adopted corporate social responsibility practices into their business model to try to make a positive difference in the world. Currently, there is room in the arena of architecture to do what other industries have done in adopting socially responsible practices. The connection that the built environment and society share can offer a way unique way for architects to begin to promote social sustainability. Alain de Botton, author and philosopher, said society is, "for better or worse, different people in different places. Architecture's task is to render vivid to us who we might ideally be." This observation of the relationship that humanity and the built environment share with one another is one of extraordinary insight and attests to the fact that the built environment has the ability to establish a platform for values that become part of our culture. Botton's words illustrate the underlying premise of this capstone: to discover what architecture should and can be. Architecture for the public good must not merely stimulate but must also inspire and serve. Architecture that achieves both can exist as a beacon of hope for renewed prosperity and social equality. This project seeks to use the shared connection of society and the built environment to offer a unique approach to provide the basic human need of shelter, while simultaneously providing an innovative process for giving back to charitable human service organization. Furthermore, this project seeks to demonstrate that there is a strategic way to design and construct buildings that mitigate the social impact of new construction and, through this process, extend the scope of sustainability beyond energy savings into human equity.
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Chiang, Connie Young. "Shaping the shoreline : environment, society, and culture in Monterey, California /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10471.
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Jahnigen, Charles J. "The integrated environment an updated approach to the montessori learning environment /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1147898930.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.<br>Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 24, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Montessori Architecture; Sustainable Architecture; High Performance Schools; High Performance Facilities; Educational Architecture. Includes bibliographical references.
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JAHNIGEN, CHARLES J. "THE INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT: AN UPDATED APPROACH TO THE MONTESSORI LEARNING ENVIRONMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147898930.
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Alenaizi, Hussain. "Disability and Kuwaiti society : a critical realist approach to participatory research in contemporary Kuwaiti society." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/disability-and-kuwaiti-society-a-critical-realist-approach-to-participatory-research-in-contemporary-kuwaiti-society(d95fc638-24fe-4b09-b95e-2fd350cbbac7).html.
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The aim of this study is to explore disability issues in the Kuwaiti context through a participatory research project with disabled people. Six disabled people participated in this project as co-researchers, and a further eight informants (disabled and non-disabled) contributed to this research as research participants. The thesis initially provides a critical exploration of the dominant conceptualisations of disability, such as the individual and social models and also includes cultural perspectives. The individual model provides an exploration of disability at the biological level, while the social model analyses disability at the socio-economic level (Bhaskar and Danermark, 2006). Cultural perspectives of disability provide an exploration of disability at the socio-cultural level (Danermark and Gellerstedt, 2004).After this exploration, and in relation to the experiences of the co-researchers, the thesis proposes that each of these singular perspectives can only provide limited conceptual effectiveness. The study then goes on to suggest that, rather than reducing the 'problem' of disability to one limited explanation, it is more productive to take an overarching, and more complex and interactional approach to disability that combines the best aspects of individual and social models as well as cultural and societal perspectives. The findings explore a number of disability issues at different levels. The analysis of the discussions with the co-researchers and interviews with the participants of this study emphasise a number of disability issues related to both the body and society. In relation to the body, both the co-researchers and the participants highlight issues and experiences related to the role of impairment in restricting activity, while at the same time acknowledging the roles of society and culture that play a part in disablement. The findings show the complexity of the understandings of disability and challenge the individual model, the social model and cultural perspectives of disability, and show how 'impairment' and 'disability' interact in the lives of disabled people in Kuwait. The thesis argues that an appropriate model for understanding disability in Kuwait is rooted in a critical realist paradigm that views disability from multiple levels, including biological, medical, psychological, socio-cultural and socio-economic levels. The findings also explore the process of participatory research with the co- researchers. In relation to this, the findings highlight the issues of power relations, skills development and reciprocity, decision making processes, sharing the experiences, and the possibility of this research opening the door for further research and changing people's attitudes on disability.
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Finney, Clifford Lucas. "Reconnections home/work/environment /." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2006. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Wittering, Shirley A. "Enclosure in south Cambridgeshire : society, farming and the environment, 1798-1850." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501742.
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South Cambridgeshire has some of the richest arable land in England and has been cultivated by man for millennia. The nucleated villages of this region lying within their open fields were originally designed to use the land to its maximum, but by the turn of the nineteenth century the inflationary effects of bad harvests, wars. industrialisation and population growth had resulted in an enormous, increase in the demand for food. The introduction of new crops and new methods of cultivation, mainly the Norfolk four course rotation, resulted in the more enlightened landowners demanding enclosure. But this desire to plough every available piece of land ignored the destruction of the valuable and distinctive habitats that existed, particularly in the heaths and moors of the area.
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Lima, Neto Jose Alves de. "O uso da abordagem CTSA para o ensino de energia tendo o desenvolvimento sustent?vel como eixo tem?tico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16081.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-25<br>In recent decades, humanity has become increasingly concerned with environmental problems. Proofs of this are increasing initiatives in civil society organizations, private institutions and government actions, either local, state or national actions to promote environmental protection. The goal of this research is to contribute to the formation of citizens more aware of their responsibilities to sustainable development issues, simultaneously to their learning of physics in the secondary school. Thus, we have designed a research project that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the adoption of the concept of sustainable development as a central theme in physics classes in high school. From this goal, we designed, implemented and evaluate lesson plans that aim not only to construct and apply the concept of energy, but also to understand their transformations and conservation law, as well as their processes of production, distribution and consume in the context of physical laws in which it is involved. Then, it was deliberately provided to students, during classes, to read, interpret and produce texts, by this way being able to think and start to have a critical view of the world around him, as well as absorb the energy concept and understand his occurrence in phenomena of nature and in technologies. The approach used for this was that constraining science, technology, society and environment - STSE. This teaching methodology has been applied in the IFRN Ipangua?u campus, for students of two classes of first year of high school integrated course in agroecology and in technical computing. The survey results show the effectiveness of both methods with respect to the viewpoints of students in relation to the guidelines of sustainable development and the learning of physics content proposed. It is hoped with this dissertation to contribute to the formation of future men and women as citizens environmentally friendly, but also as a source of inspiration for teachers who wish to foster in its students such a critical position about civic education, from their classes<br>Nas ?ltimas d?cadas a humanidade vem se preocupando cada vez mais com os problemas ambientais. Prova disso s?o as iniciativas cada vez mais frequentes da sociedade civil organizada, das institui??es privadas e tamb?m do governo, seja ele municipal, estadual ou federal, em promover a??es em defesa do meio ambiente. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? contribuir para a forma??o de cidad?os mais criticamente conscientes de suas responsabilidades frente ?s quest?es do desenvolvimento sustent?vel, simultaneamente ? sua aprendizagem de f?sica no ensino m?dio. Dessa maneira, foi elaborado um projeto de pesquisa que tem o objetivo de avaliar a efic?cia da ado??o do conceito de desenvolvimento sustent?vel como eixo tem?tico nas aulas de f?sica no ensino m?dio. Da?, foram elaborados, implementados e avaliados planos de aulas que buscam n?o apenas construir e aplicar o conceito de energia, mas tamb?m compreender suas transforma??es e lei de conserva??o, bem como seus processos de produ??o, distribui??o e consumo no contexto das leis f?sicas em que est? envolvido. Ent?o, foi deliberadamente propiciado ao aluno, durante as aulas, ler, interpretar e produzir textos para, dessa forma, poder pensar e come?ar a ter uma vis?o cr?tica do mundo que o cerca, bem como assimilar o conceito de energia e compreender suas ocorr?ncias nos fen?menos da natureza e das tecnologias. A abordagem utilizada para tal foi a que vincula ci?ncia, tecnologia, sociedade e meio ambiente CTSA. Essa metodologia de ensino foi aplicada no C?mpus Ipangua?u do IFRN, aos alunos de uma turma da primeira s?rie do ensino m?dio de cada um dos seguintes cursos t?cnicos integrados: t?cnico em agroecologia e t?cnico em inform?tica. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a efic?cia da metodologia tanto no que diz respeito aos posicionamentos dos alunos frente ?s diretrizes do desenvolvimento sustent?vel, quanto ao aprendizado dos conte?dos de f?sica tratados. Espera-se, com esta disserta??o, contribuir para a forma??o de futuros cidad?os e cidad?s, como respeitadores do meio ambiente, e disponibilizar uma fonte de inspira??o para outros professores que desejem despertar nos seus alunos tal postura cr?tica para forma??o de cidadania, a partir de suas aulas
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Tzedaki, Aikaterini. "Into the sounding environment : a compositional approach." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6529.
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The focus of the compositional approach presented in this folio is the sounding environment. The term sounding environment is used in this context to refer to the whole of our living experience in the world which we might register as relating to sound. It might include everything that is sounding, seemingly sounding, imagined sounding, remembered sounding, sensed as sounding, composed to sound. It includes thus the actual sound environment, all that is sensed or interpreted as sound and imaginary sounds. This dissertation accompanies the seven acousmatic and the two sound installation works included in the folio. It is divided into two parts. In the first part relevant ideas and theories both from the literature of electroacoustic music composition and soundscape composition are discussed while in the second the compositional approach to the sounding environment is presented as applied to the works.
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Avirovik, Dragan. "System Level Approach towards Intelligent Healthcare Environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49581.
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Surgical procedures conducted without proper guidance and dynamic feedback mechanism could lead to unintended consequences. In-vivo diagnostics and imaging (the Gastro-Intestinal tract) has shown to be inconvenient for the patients using traditional endoscopic instruments and often these conventional methods are limited in terms of their access to various organs (e.g. small intestines). Embedding sensors inside the living body is complex and further the communication with the implanted sensors is challenging using the current RF technology. Additionally, continuous replacement and/or batteries recharging for wireless sensors networks both in-vivo and ex-vivo adds towards the complexity. Advances in diagnostics and prognostics techniques require development at multiple levels through systems approach, guided by the futuristic intelligent decision making environment that reduces the human interference. The demands are not only at the component level, but also at the connectivity of the components such that secure, sustainable, self-reliant, and intelligent environment can be realized. This thesis provides important breakthroughs required to achieve the vision of intelligent healthcare environment. The research contributions of this thesis provide foundation for developing a new architecture for continuous medical diagnostic and monitoring. The chapters in this thesis cover four fundamental technologies covering the in-vivo imaging, ex-vivo imaging, energy for sensors, and acoustic communication. These technologies are: locomotion mechanism for wireless capsule endoscope (WCE), multifunctional image guided surgical (MIGS) platform, shape memory alloy (SMA) thermal energy harvester and thermo-acoustic sonar using carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets.
First, two types of locomotion mechanisms were developed, the first one inspired by millipede legged type mechanism and the second one based on the traveling waves that were induced onto the walls of the WCEs through vibration. Both mechanisms utilize piezoelectric actuators and couple their dynamics and actuation capability in order to achieve propulsion. This controlled locomotion will provide WCE advantage in terms of conducting localized diagnostics. Next, in order to conduct ex-vivo surgical procedures using the OCT such as removing the unwanted tissue and tumors short distance beneath the skin, MIGS platform was developed. The MIGS platform is composed of three key elements: optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe, laser scalpel and high precision miniature scanning and positioning stage. The focus in this dissertation was on design and development of the programmable scanning and positioning stage. The combination of in-vivo tool such as WCE and ex-vivo tool such as MIGS will provide opportunity to conduct many non-invasive procedures which will save time and cost. In order to power the feedback sensors that assist in remote operation of surgical procedures and automation of the diagnostic algorithms, an energy harvester technology based on the SMA thermal engine was designed, fabricated, and characterized. A mechano-thermal model for the overall SMA engine was developed and experimentally validated. Finally, the thermo-acoustic sound generation mechanism using CNT sheets was investigated with the goal of developing techniques for acoustic localization of WCE and customized sound generation devices. CNT thermo-acoustic projectors were modeled and experimentally characterized to quantify the dynamics of the system under varying drive conditions.
The overall vision of this thesis is to lay down the foundation for intelligent healthcare environment that provides the ability to conduct automated diagnostics, prognostics, and non-invasive surgical procedures. In accomplishing this vision, the thesis has addressed several key fundamental aspects of various technologies that will be required for implementing the automation algorithms.<br>Ph. D.
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Aydin, Aysun. "A Different Approach To Evolutionary Ethics: From Biology To Society." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609245/index.pdf.
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In this thesis I analyze the evolutionary ethics and propose a new perspective that develops on the notion of altruism. The view of evolutionary ethics, especially the sociobiological account, has some problems. The most important philosophical problem is the &ldquo<br>is-ought&rdquo<br>problem which refers to the question as to whether moral propositions can be inferred from factual statements. In order to overcome this problem I suggest a different reading of the notion of altruism namely &ldquo<br>altruistic behavior practice&rdquo<br>that refers to norms, habits and repeated actions that provide the sustainability of society. The notion of altruistic behavior practice is presented and evaluated with the help of Alasdair MacIntyre&rsquo<br>s and John Dewey&rsquo<br>s moral philosophy. The moral views of these two philosophers are based on human practices and habitual formations in society. In this respect, evolutionary ethics and the notion of altruism are re-established on the basis of human practices and habitual modes of socialization.
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Steele, Nancy Joanne. "Etched images of the human form in relation to society and environment." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941715.
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The vitality of the human figure has been an unending source of curiosity for artists from the beginning to now. Although many artists have focused their creativity to searching for the perfect, in fact, beautiful, human form, others have striven to convey the human experience within the spirit of their own era. The latter is true of this creative project, which has addressed the following problem: hog: could large-scale intaglio printmaking be used to 02arify the negative impact our rigid contemporary notion of beauty can have on individual women? The project was inspired by the work of Kaethe Kollwitz, German artist of the early 20th century whc used her technical drawing skills to translate her knowledge of war and famine shattered women into forceful lithographs and etchings. The insight she Portrayed vividly combined her intensely personal vision the Vicious events of her times: social commentary at its finest.The significance of the project has been, first of all, its benefit to myself, the artist. The journey which I undertook through historical research on Kollwitz; conceptual investigation of women and rigid norms for beauty; and extension of my technical expertise as an etcher-has produced insights about creating art that are invaluable to the mature artist. The second significance involves the viewer, whom I hope reconsiders the images of women displayed in contemporary society.The project’s five large-scale etchings of the female figure portray in a series my ideas about roles women are expected to assume in contemporary American society. These ideas unfolded especially during the creation of the first and second etchings.The report of the project deals extensively with the drawing and etching techniques used for each print; a description of each of the works; the ideas which inspired the content of the works; how these ideas were transformed into visual images; and the technical competencies that I acquired while working through each plate.<br>Department of Art
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Lin, Wei-Chung. "Defending the environment : civil society participation in resolving investment-related environmental claims." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33652/.
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Today it is widely recognised that international investment activities can bring significant economic benefits for host countries. To promote a favourable investment climate, international organisations were set up to facilitate the settlement of foreign investment disputes, or to provide financial insurance for investors against non-commercial risks. Moreover, international financial institutions offer finance for governments or private enterprises to implement investment projects. States have also concluded international investment agreements to provide guarantees on the treatment and protection of foreign investors. Meanwhile, however, these investment activities can also create environmental problems for host countries and lead to human suffering. As states have been generally reluctant to take the initiative to secure effective implementation of environmental rules at the international level, allowing entities other than states to make environmental claims before international dispute settlement mechanisms offers practical approaches to protecting community interests and ensuring the fulfillment of international environmental standards in the course of international investment activities. This thesis considers the extent to which civil society organisations (CSOs) can promote, and have indeed promoted, environmental considerations in settling investment-related environmental claims through alternative means of dispute resolution on the international plane. It explores how CSOs have brought environmental perspectives in response to adverse impacts arising from investment activities. It also evaluates the implications of their claims for resolving relevant environmental issues and promoting compliance with international environmental standards during investment activities.
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Foucault, Darlene C. "Environment, culture, parenting, and children's development in an impoverished Latin American society." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29212.
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This study investigated the effects of the Socioeconomic status (SES) community on the physical and social environment, maternal psychology, parenting values, parenting practices, and child development. It examined whether the effects of poverty as is noted in mostly North American research would be replicated in a collectivistic Latin society such as the Dominican Republic. The participants were 80 three year-olds, 154 six year-olds, 141 eight year-olds and their primary caregivers, with participants equally divided between the Campos (small agricultural villages) and higher SES San Cristobal. Maternal figures completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Parenting Stress Index- Short Form (PSI-SF), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), Rank Order of Parental Values (ROPV), Child Development Inventory (CDI), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). During a home visit, the researcher completed the Home Observation and Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory and obtained information to fill out the physical and social environment measures. The Self-Perception for Children and the Peer Nomination and Assessment measures were administered to the children in the school setting. Teachers also completed the SDQ and provided information on children's academic performance. MANOVAs confirmed our first hypothesis that the Campos and San Cristobal environments are significantly different (p < .001) on all measures of the physical and social environment, with San Cristobal children benefiting overall from a better developmental context. Secondly, Campos mothers reported significantly (p < .001) more interpersonal support and less parental distress relative to their more affluent counterparts. These findings are contrary to those of present North-American research. We propose that belonging to a collectivistic culture may shield mothers from some of the pernicious effects of poverty. An examination of the SES/community effect demonstrated that San Cristobal parents provide a more stimulating (p < .001) and emotionally supportive (p < .001) HOME environment for their children than do Campos parents. MANOVAs conducted on child outcome measures revealed that Campos children were weaker then their San Cristobal counterparts on most developmental scales and all academic subjects (p < .001). Also, San Cristobal parents reported more prosocial behaviours for their children relative to Campos parents (p < .001), and San Cristobal children reported a more positive view of their social interactions and abilities as well as more satisfaction with their lives (p < .001) than the less affluent Campos children. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Monks, Franz J. "Heredity and environment: An interactionistic approach to giftedness." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1996. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100417.
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This arride presenrs a reflecrion abour the interactive relacion berween herediry and environmenr in the development of giftedness from the developmenral psychology poinr of view. First, there is a reflection about human development, to then formulare an inreractive model of gíftedness. Finally the social-emorional needs of the gifred are presenred as well as the possible difficulties that these may cause.<br>El artículo presenta una reflexión crítica acerca de la relación interactiva entre la herencia y el ambiente en el desarrollo del talento desde la perspectiva de la psicología del desarrollo. En primer lugar se hace una reflexión respecto a aquello que constituye el desarrollo humano, para luego formular un modelo interactivo sobre el desarrollo del talentoso. Finalmente se plantean las necesidades socio/emocionales de los niños talentosos y los posibles problemas que estas pueden acarrear.
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Tainio, Anna. "Talk about Civil Society." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22497.
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In Georgia the non-governmental organisations are active and manifold despite the Sovietheritage of a trampled civil society and lengthy violent conflicts, frozen yet not forgotten.NGOs seek to deal with the problematic issues through information, strengthening civilsociety and building bridges between antagonists. An organisation consists of individuals andthe work is done through “their” individuals towards other individuals. Martha Nussbaum'sapproach on human well-being, which does not count income or ask for a minimum set ofutensils for a universal basic standard, is being offered as a more just way of judging nationalgrowth than the GDP. Nussbaum's approach of basic human capability cherishes individualityand different cultures, recognising that not every one wishes the same things in order to feelfulfilled. The capability approach allows persons to choose a preferred way of life, yet listsdemands of equal opportunities to all for reaching personal development and accessingpossibilities. By analysing the narrations of NGO-staff members thematically according to thecapability to affiliate, a relevant feel for the possibilities of successful and satisfyinginteraction in the NGO-sector emerges and some contemporary issues in the local contexts arepresented. The interviews were conducted in Georgia during two months in 2010, and thefocus was on relationships and experiences connected to work. Exercising the capability ingood measure is presented in the narratives as gaining the individual increased emotion andfurthering personal development. Areas where living up to the capability is hampered becomealso visible: affiliating may brush against existing stereotypical norms in the society. Yet theindividuals challenge the restrictions and in doing so develop their civil society andthemselves.
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Van, Doorn Elena. "Responsible tourism in rural South Africa: lessons from two case studies on the Wild Coast." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31325.
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In Post-Apartheid South Africa tourism was seen as an important tool for economic development and poverty alleviation, especially in rural communities. The term Responsible Tourism was adopted by government in the 1996 White Paper and encouraged tourism that creates competitive advantage, maintains natural, social and cultural diversity and promotes sustainable use of local resources. This study looks at two case studies on the Wild Coast of South Africa, namely; Coffee Shack in Coffee Bay and Bulungula Lodge in Nqileni, which have both been awarded for their responsible tourism efforts. Through a review of the literature, document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this thesis identified a set of responsible tourism criteria applicable to tourism ventures in rural South Africa, while also identifying some of the challenges that come with tourism development in rural areas. The study discusses how responsible tourism approaches and practices can enable not only job opportunities, but also contribute to improving basic living conditions and enhance education and skills development of local communities. Gaining ownership of the tourism venture, meaningful participation of local communities in management and decision making, equal power relations as well as sharing in the benefits were all found to be important enablers in the case studies. A responsible tourism approach also focuses on promoting sound environmental management practices, including respect for local cultures, institutions and local knowledge, thereby contributing to biodiversity conservation efforts and promoting sustainable livelihoods. The study recognised how partnerships with government and NGOs can enable better implementation of responsible tourism policies and approaches, while monitoring results and accreditation can measure these benefits delivered to the economy, community and environment.
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Oppenheim, Beth T. "The periphery as the centre: trajectories of responsibility and community support in contemporary Maputo, Mozambique." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25403.
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Development researchers have long held a belief that developed states use their power to provide Aid or other forms of external assistance such as private philanthropy, assistance of Non-Governmental Organisations, and other private financing to underdeveloped, or developing, nations to achieve global economic and political stability. Development scholars (including geographers) have largely attributed this to a sense of responsibility. Many have assumed this assistance to travel in one direction, i.e. from Global North to Global South, thus overlooking the modalities of care and hospitality among individuals within countries of the Global South. In this thesis, I posit that looking at everyday modes of assistance at the community level would challenge scholars to re-think the ways in which place matters in development. Analysing qualitative data gathered through interviews and focus groups in two neighbourhoods in Maputo, Mozambique, this study is ultimately an investigation of proximity. I argue that the closeness of people in these complex community relationships matters in three ways: (i) the everyday practices of assistance in these communities are modes of resistance to an oppressive state; (ii) forms of assistance serve as expressions of local (as opposed to national) identity; and (iii) religious institutions play a significant role in fostering public discourse, rather than motivating assistance itself. In speaking more specifically about how proximity matters, this study contributes uniquely to the growing realisation that development must come from within.
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Drewett, Jessica. "Student food security: the (dis)connection between student food experiences, sustainability and green spaces from the lens of food security." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29622.
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The food security of university students in South Africa is an area of research which is becoming increasingly researched and recognised. Internationally, there has been research into university student food security, recognition of student food insecurity and the links to academic success, and the idea of secure campus food systems. Approaches documented in the literature from the global North include the establishment of food banks and pantries, and the use of university green space in order to feed university students and decrease student food insecurity. Limited research on food security of university students in South Africa has been conducted, but this is increasing. Universities around the world are becoming increasingly aware and active in examining their ecological impacts as universities, and placing sustainability on the university agenda. This research explores the current narratives of student food security, campus food initiatives and the (dis)connection between green spaces and student food security responses at a university in South Africa. In order to achieve the research aim, three objectives were identified. The first objective was to review the global literature of university student food security, the use of green spaces on university campuses as a food security response. The second objective investigated student food security dialogues, and the third objective included the examination of university based food initiatives and university policy documents and reports, and assessing the integration of aspects of student food security. This exploratory research used a mixed methods approach, using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data, by way of literature review, document analysis, online quantitative surveys and semi structured interviews in order to explore the narrative of student food security in South Africa, as well as the link between university campus sustainability and student food security. Dominant themes which arose from the research include food costs and affordability, in addition to food quality and health. It was found that there is a disconnection between student food experiences, sustainability and green spaces. While the links between green space and student food security may be relevant in Northern contexts, more pressing systemic issues require attention in the context of South Africa, thus adding to the complexity of how student food security is approached in the country. This exploratory research highlights the need for further research to be conducted in the area of student food security.
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Achieng, Stephanie. "Marine Protected Areas in Kenya: perceptions of local communities of costs and benefits of MPAs and their governance." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31559.
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This study aimed to examine the perceptions of two local communities living adjacent to Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve (MMNP&R) and Kuruwitu community closure (tengefu) in Kenya regarding the benefits and impacts of the MPA on their livelihoods. A secondary aim was to compare the perceptions of these two communities in relation to the MPA management models employed at the two study sites. The research employed a case study approach and undertook focus group meetings and key informant interviews at each case study site and with relevant organisations. Key findings from the research revealed that both sites experienced diversification of livelihoods, however the diversification was for different reasons. The Bamburi community members stated that the park generated benefits such as new forms of employment linked to tourism, beach security, increased variety of corals and fish species as well as improved infrastructure. The Kuruwitu community perceived the closure to have resulted in various benefits but in particular social benefits, such as women empowerment, ownership of resources, co-existence among resource users and community exchange visits were highlighted. However, both cases also identified various negative impacts including tensions due to an increase in migrant fishers, illegal access and poaching and the use of unsustainable gear. Furthermore, the direct resource users (fishers) in both case study sites felt that their fishing grounds had been drastically reduced due to the establishment of the park and tengefu which negatively affected their fish catches and livelihoods, leading to decreased support for the conservation initiatives. Therefore, the fishers in both study sites were more negative about the protected areas compared to the other resource users. Kuruwitu, in particular, identified perceived fear of the loss of their marine area to privatisation, inequitable sharing of benefits by their leadership group and limited involvement of women in decision- making as primary negative concerns. On the other hand, concerns about minimal involvement in management decisions during and after park inception were expressed by participants at the Bamburi study site. In addition, the lack of transparency in the management and use of revenue derived from the state- run MMNP&R further aggravated tensions between the state and the adjacent communities as well as severe penalties set for transgressions on locals by marine park authorities at MMNP&R. With the introduction of co-management through the Beach Management Units (BMUs) in Kenya in the year 2007, it was expected that stakeholder participation would be increased, however, the Bamburi community lamented over lack of proper representation within the BMUs which they claimed gave outsiders more power. While both communities, especially Kuruwitu identified a number of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) that aided in fulfilling the community’s socio- economic and ecological objectives, they were much more central to achieving socio-ecological objectives at Kuruwitu than at Bamburi. These NGOs and other stakeholders, however, became much more engaged at MMNP&R after the inception of the BMUs. Based on the findings, it was evident that the community- based co-management conservation approach at Kuruwitu generated more social benefits to the community than the state-centred co- managed conservation approach at MMNP&R. Loss of access to traditional fishing grounds, perceived loss of benefits and increased social costs triggered illegal access into the state park, therefore, fuelling conflicts and exacerbating tensions between the community and the state as well as tensions between various management institutions regarding overlapping mandates. Implementing genuine co-management approaches are key to fostering inclusivity, accountability, legitimacy and support for marine conservation initiatives.
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Hulley, Sarah May. "The food-energy-water-land-biodiversity (FEWLB) nexus through the lens of the local level : an agricultural case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19958.
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There is a recognised need to turn the abstract concept of resilience thinking into practical action for resource management. This is often difficult as resource management is complex and multifaceted. Nexus thinking attempts to address this by promoting a framework that integrates and coordinates resource management across many different but interlinked resource pillars and sectors. This research focuses on the local level implementation of the food, energy, water, land and biodiversity (FEWLB) nexus framework, and assesses farmers' understanding and implementation of nexus thinking in relation to the support of the Bergrivier Municipality. Agriculturalists (farmers) have been described as significant custodians of natural resources, as they sit in a key position when it comes to implementing and practising sustainable development. There has been little research into the relationship between farmers and local municipalities, or into the role that local government can play in supporting holistic resource management through agriculture. While there are many different actors contributing towards resource management, this research focuses on the agricultural sector within the municipality. Qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews, participant observation and surveys, were used to undertake a case study of the agricultural sector within the Bergrivier Municipality. In a context where local government struggles to find its role in supporting socio-ecological resilience, the FEWLB nexus framework offers an opportunity to implement effective planning and policies that could enable more efficient resource use.
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Harrison, Dean Charles. "Improving integrated wildfire management in the Fynbos Biome of South Africa using information on synoptic-scale atmospheric features that promote wildfires." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19957.
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Wildfire, an essential element for the Fynbos Biome of South Africa, can be a threat to property and human life if it is not well managed. Despite many studies on the dynamics and management of wildfire, the role of the atmosphere in inducing regional circulations that promote widespread wildfire is not well known. This dissertation studies the characteristics of wildfire in the Fynbos Biome, identifies synoptic-scale atmospheric features that produce favourable conditions for the wildfire, and examines possibility of using the features as indicators for wildfire occurrence. Ten years (2003 - 2012) of fire data from the MODIS "active-fires" datasets were analysed over the study domain. Daily Fire Danger Index (FDI) was calculated over Southern Africa for this period using maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum relative humidity (RHmin), and maximum wind speed (Wmax) data from the Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis datasets (CFSR) at a 0.5°x0.5° horizontal resolution. The Self Organising Maps (SOMs) technique was used to classify the FDI (anomaly) patterns on the fire days, and the atmospheric dynamics associated with each pattern were studied.
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Classen, Monique Ann. "Eco-Africa and facilitated community participation in the /AI-/AIS Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Area." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25187.
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This research investigates how environmental consultancies frame participation as a tool for project implementation using a cross-border conservation initiative as a case study. The study focuses on the facilitation process led by Eco-Africa Environmental Consultants during the establishment of the /Ai-/Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Area. This study analyzes the promise of participation as a crucial component for Transfrontier Conservation Areas. Analyzing participation of the Richtersvelders is necessary for understanding the work that was carried out and how it was experienced by the stakeholders. The study refers to participation in conservancies in community-based resource management, where the role of non-government organizations and environmental consultancies is well established. Primary data were collected through qualitative document analysis, semi-structured interviews with members of the four communities and with Eco-Africa Environmental Consultants. The findings of the study are that there was a strong attempt towards an all-inclusive bottom-up approach to participation. However, such the success of such an approach was hampered by local mismanagement, politics of money, and a marketing strategy favoring the South African National Parks and the Transfrontier Conservation project.
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Mogende, Emmanuel. "The politics of Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA in Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23761.
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Transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) are considered the latest evolution of a more holistic approach to transnational environmental management that brings together conservation and development agendas. As part of bio political governance, TFCAs are ecologically, economically and politically motivated. Using a discourse analytical perspective of claims advanced for TFCAs in Southern Africa, this study explores how Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA has been motivated. The study questions the interests of Botswana government participation in the KAZA TFCA and examines the effects of the KAZA TFCA on local communities. This study employs a qualitative approach employing triangulation methods of data collection. KAZA is one of the largest and most ambitious transboundary initiative in the world that stretches across the political borders of five sovereign states. KAZA acknowledges that nature knows no boundaries hence conservation corridors should traverse political boundaries and borders of the state. Against this backdrop, the rationale for KAZA is to provide the large herds of elephants (approximately 120,000) in Botswana with access to large area of grazing land. The study demonstrates how the burgeoning elephant population is inextricably linked with border policing, tourism and conservation. KAZA considers participation and local community involvement in planning and decision making as legitimate for sustainable natural resource management. However, the current realities exist in contrast to these considerations. The study reveals that there is a disparity between theory and practice as KAZA is yet to deliver its promises to the local communities. The thesis asserts that it is critical to view KAZA as a complex, evolving and long-term initiative that will be interesting to follow in the future.
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Wachi, Bothwell. "Assessing the scope of effectiveness of stakeholder engagement in the development and implementation of the Environmental Management Plan for the Berg Water Project in the Western Cape Province, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22721.
Full textAbstract:
This research assesses the scope of stakeholder engagement and its effectiveness in the development and implementation of an Environmental Management Plan at project level. The theoretical basis of this research is the methodological premise that stakeholder engagement encourages quality environmental decisions and further promotes acceptable interventions for environmental management purposes towards sustainable development. A case study of the Berg Water Project is used to explore this premise through an evaluation of the scope and effectiveness of engagement of stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of the construction environmental management plan, to satisfy conditions of authorization. Focus is placed on the scope of stakeholders and their issues, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the engagement process in considering the issues during decision-making processes. The scope focuses on who was involved, the context in which they were involved, and the extent to which they were involved. An engagement framework is used to assess the effectiveness of the engagement process, including project institutions for stakeholder engagement, levels and methods of engagement applied, and their contribution to an effective Environmental Impact Assessment process with regard to its review areas of procedural, substantive and transactive effectiveness. The assessment seeks insights on how issues and concerns relating to activities of engagement were dealt with, and the extent to which issues raised through engagement contributed into project decisions. Evaluation of activities applies a stakeholder mapping and analysis concept found in stakeholder engagement literature in order to establish the suitability of level of engagement and methods of engagement. Logistical support for the engagement process is also assessed to establish how the support, or lack thereof, affected engagement effectiveness. An assessment is made of project documents within formation on stakeholders engaged during the environmental impact assessment process leading to the production of the construction environmental management plan, and information obtained from 45 interviewees from stakeholders who were engaged. The engagement process is accepted to be significantly inclusive as it covered a wide spectrum of stakeholders and gave them an opportunity to voice their concerns, and the outcomes indicated that the engagement process was adequate. Some notable weaknesses of the engagement process included failure to establish clear roles and responsibilities of the environmental monitoring committee-the entity which represented the interested and affected parties, failure to establish explicit engagement targets, and failure to identify potential trade-offs of environmental, economic and social expectations of stakeholders. By and large the effectiveness of engagement during the project was found to rest on commitment by project authorities to prioritize economic benefits for the local community, and the communication of relevant messages to stakeholders. Important lessons can be derived from this research towards improving the theory and practice of Environmental Impact Assessment. Firstly, explicit legal and funding requirements for stakeholder engagement are important prerequisites which should be imposed on project implementers regarding how they conduct the engagement process. Secondly, the presence, composition and functioning of a formal entity which represents the interests of identified interested and affected parties can broaden the range of issues that can inform project decisions. This entity should have clear roles which satisfy engagement objectives through scheduled activities which receive adequate logistical support. Thirdly, a communication approach should be devised to enable communication of relevant messages and ensure feedback mechanisms which inform and can improve the process. Lastly monitoring and auditing during the engagement process should have been done to assess satisfaction of substantive outcomes of engagement and environmental impact assessment beyond mere process compliance.
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Gilliland, Toshca-Lee. "Characteristics of fishers: a case study of Zeekoevlei, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25306.
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Fisheries are complex socio-ecological systems consisting of both human and ecological components. Managing fishery resources has almost always focused on ecological concerns without due consideration being given to the human dimensions. However, increasingly more scholars are recognising the need to integrate the human dimensions of fisheries management with the ecological concerns. Managing a fishery solely on the basis of ecological information will result in the management strategies being unsuccessful. Understanding the human dimensions is important as it provides insights into who participates in the fisheries industry, and what the behavioural patterns and motivations of the fishers are. This study focused on understanding the human dimensions of fishing at Zeekoevlei, focusing on who the fishers are and why they engage in fishing. It also addressed the source of conflicts at Zeekoevlei. The management of Zeekoevlei and fishing activities is also considered. A mixed methods approach, using a case study design, was adopted. The sample included fourteen fishers and six individuals involved on various levels of management of Zeekoevlei. Data-collection methods included the use of a structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. On the basis of this study, the demographics show that two types of fishers were found at Zeekoevlei – recreational and small scale. These fisher groups display contrasting socio-demographic profiles; however, a correlation between socio-demographics and motivations was observed. Recreational fishers appear to be white, educated males who are employed and engage in fishing for a sense of achievement, which is underpinned by the size of the fish. Small-scale fishers, on the other hand, are unemployed coloured males, with low levels of education and to this group of fishers the Zeekoevlei fishery system has an important function as it is used to diversify livelihoods. As with many fisheries, conflicts are prevalent at Zeekoevlei. These conflicts arise between fishers because Zeekoevlei has limited demarcated fishing spots and fishers display ownership over these spots; to exacerbate this situation, Zeekoevlei is located in an open reserve, which makes it easier for fishers to enter the reserve illegally. The management of the vlei appears to be based on recreational considerations with unclear measures to accommodate small-scale fisheries.
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Nguyen, Tina. "Integrating sustainability thinking and practices into surfing events: case studies in Hawaii and Jeffreys Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28058.
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Sustainable surfing events are a recent phenomenon and there is little to no academic literature reflecting this development. Sustainable event management (SEM) is the integration of sustainability principles and practices into event production to produce an event that goes beyond economic longevity and fulfils important social, cultural, and environmental roles that people value. This research explores the current practices and issues surrounding the implementation of SEM into surfing events held in Hawaii, USA and in Jeffreys Bay, South Africa. The thesis follows a qualitative case study approach using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary evidence. Findings demonstrated that the key obstacles to implementing sustainable event management principles and practices include limited access to capital, lack of government support, resistance to change, the absence of a common vision, and a lack of education and awareness. This study revealed the importance of context in a hosting community's journey towards sustainable event production. Overcoming these obstacles requires engagement of the private sector, influence of local champions, involvement of NGOs, trusting relationships between local and external event stakeholders, access to technology and resources, and the strategic use of media to promote sustainability awareness to all event stakeholders. Based on these findings, recommendations for improving the sustainability performance of surfing events include the development of a formal policy, education and training for event staff, a media campaign focused on sustainability issues, and in-depth engagement with the local hosting community. How the enabling or inhibiting factors play out on the ground depends on the variety of factors previously highlighted. In practice, there are linkages across SEM practices and many work in concert to enhance the overall sustainability performance. Theoretically, the implications of this research lie in its contribution to a growing body of knowledge pertaining to the surfing industry's transition towards more sustainable business operations. Practically, this information can be used to inform policy, set goals, carefully examine alternatives, establish effective factors to enable SEM, and encourage sustainable decision-making and actions. Other surfing communities can learn from the experiences of the event stakeholders in Hawaii and Jeffreys Bay to improve their efforts of hosting a sustainable surfing event. Overall, this knowledge can promote a more balanced dissemination of sustainability thinking and practices within the global surfing events sector.