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1
Orange, H. "Cornish mining landscapes : public perceptions of industrial archaeology in a post-industrial society." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417864/.
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This thesis considers local residents’ perceptions of Cornish mining landscapes, with a particular focus on tin and copper mining. The aim of the thesis is to better understand the changing economic, political and cultural values which Cornish mining sites and features have embodied during the post-war period (from 1950 to 2010). This research has focused on the familiar and the everyday including industrial remains of the later 20th century. The three case studies examined, Botallack, St Agnes, and Minions, are part of the Cornish Mining Landscape World Heritage Site (designated in 2006). This research has been strongly informed by the social archaeology of industry and contemporary archaeology, and a number of complimentary ethnographic and statistical techniques have been utilised, supplemented by archival research and visual data methods. The themes which have been examined include: site descriptions; paths and networks; metaphors of industry; significant features in the landscape; time and change; contention in the landscape; and World Heritage Site status. This research has concluded that public perceptions on Cornish mining landscapes are strongly informed by romanticism whilst the use of demonic, heroic and romantic tropes is another key theme. Since mine shafts were closed for health and safety reasons perception is now focused on the surface of mines and the subsurface world is largely out-of-sight and out of mind. Changes in the landscape are often defined around concepts of the ‘local’, the ‘incomer’ and the ‘outsider’; the latter largely standing for external authority. Statistical analysis has shown that longevity of residence is a significant factor in shaping perception, whilst qualitative data has demonstrated different ways in which incomers become ‘local’. There are many different connections to Cornish mining landscapes and these relict industrial sites are not dead or derelict spaces.
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Wares, Heather Lynne. "Maritime archaeology and its publics in post-apartheid South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5106.
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Magister Artium - MASince the end of apartheid and with that the construction of a new South Africa, archaeology has experienced what can be seen as a resurgence in the public domain. With the creation of a new nation imagined as existing since time immemorial, there has been an emergence of archaeological pasts providing evidence of a nation believed to have existed before apartheid and colonialism. Due to this resurgence of interest in the pre-apartheid and pre-colonial pasts, there has been a ballooning of research and exhibitions around paleontological finds, rock art sites and Iron Age sites indicative of early state formation. This has transported the nation back into what Tony Bennett has called 'pasts beyond memory'. Where mainstream archaeology focuses on sites which reflect a history outside of a colonial past, maritime archaeology has had difficulty. Being a discipline with its main object of focus being the shipwreck, it is difficult to unravel it from a colonial legacy. In an attempt to move away from these older notions of 'public' through the allure of the shipwreck, some maritime archaeologists have looked at different mechanisms, or what I call 'modes of representation', to construct new South African publics. Two such mechanisms are discussed in this thesis: the temporary exhibition of the Meermin Project, and the Nautical Archaeology Society courses on Robben Island. This is in contrast to the older Bredasdorp Shipwreck Museum, where I argue by using Greenblatt’s notion of 'resonance and wonder', that the wonder of the object salvaged is the central feature of the way it constructs its publics. This thesis discusses how a group of maritime archaeologists, located at Iziko Museums and the South African Heritage Resources Agency, attempted to construct new publics by locating resonance with its subject in an exhibition, and by making new archaeologists through a hands-on course.
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Mittich, J. L. W. Vinten. "Friars and society in late medieval East Anglia : mendicants and their material culture in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, c.1225-1538." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271953.
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Speith, Nivien. "Skeletal evidence of the social persona : life, death and society in early medieval Alamannic communities." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6287.
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Historic-archaeological research on the Alamanni, an early medieval population in the periphery of the Frankish Empire, primarily focuses on themes such as their military character or issues of ethnicity, while the actual functioning of Alamannic societies remains conjectural. Aiming at presenting an integrated approach to the concepts of social organisation and social identities in Alamannic populations, this study examines and defines Alamannic identity and society by creating a dialogue between the disciplines of archaeology, biological anthropology and socio-cultural sciences. A bioarchaeology of identity explores the Alamanni of Pleidelsheim and Neresheim via their funerary and skeletal evidence, allowing for the factor of different environments that influence the interactions of a community. A key theme is the investigation of indicators for biological and social 'status', by direct association of bioanthropological with funerary archaeological data, as well as by evaluation of present interpretations made from material culture in the light of bioanthropological analysis as a paramount focus. The results are interpreted in terms of social status and the perception of certain social parameters, exploring interrelations between factors such as sex and gender, age, status and activity for the entirety of a society. This research offers new perspectives on Alamannic societies and helps to comprehend Alamannic social organisation as a multi-layered phenomenon, emphasizing the importance of a biocultural approach. Beyond common perceptions, this study forms the basis for a new understanding of the Alamanni, as the results reveal a society that was complex and diverse, displaying its own characteristics in the Merovingian world.
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Wright, Duncan William. "'Middle Saxon' settlement and society : the changing rural communities of central and eastern England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4409.
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This thesis explores the experiences of rural communities who lived between the seventh and ninth centuries in central and eastern England. Utilising archaeological evidence as the primary source for study, the central aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the ways in which settlement remains can provide a picture of contemporary social, economic and political conditions in ‘Middle Saxon’ England. Analysis of archaeological evidence from currently-occupied rural settlements represents a particularly unique and informative dataset to accomplish this central aim, and when combined with other forms of evidence illustrates that the seventh to ninth centuries was a period of fundamental social change, that impacted rural communities in significant and lasting ways. The transformation of settlement character was part of a more widespread process of landscape investment during the ‘Middle Saxon’ period, as rapidly stratifying social institutions began to manifest power and influence through new means. Such an analysis represents a significant departure from the prevailing scholarly outlook of the early medieval landscape, which continues to posit that the countryside of England remained largely unchanged until the development of historic villages from the ninth century onward. In this regard, the evidence presented by this thesis from currently-occupied rural settlements provides substantial backing to the idea that many historic villages emerged as part of a two-stage process which began during the ‘Middle Saxon’ period. Whilst it was only following subsequent change that recognisable later village plans began to take shape, key developments between the seventh and ninth centuries helped articulate the form and identity of rural centres, features that in many instances persisted throughout the medieval period and into the present day.
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McKerr, June Lynne. "The archaeology of children and childhood in post-medieval Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534616.
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Hind, Jill. "The historical archaeology of post-medieval water supply in Oxfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2724360e-9ad4-4375-9385-8a65c0674b7d.
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Surprisingly, clean mains water has only been universally available to the population of Oxfordshire since the second half of the 20th century. This thesis explores the different methods by which water was obtained between the end of the medieval period and the establishment of the contemporary water companies; it shows how archaeological remains can inform understanding of how different groups lived and interacted during that period. It attempts for the first time to catalogue water supply features within the county, having 910 entries to date. Patterns emerging from the data have been used to suggest themes for further study. Statistics and GIS mapping have demonstrated that the availability and quality of water, including the incidence of early holy and healing wells, are dominated firstly by geology and then by differences between the social classes and between urban and rural areas. Themes explored include the relationship between water and disease, whether water supplies differ between ‘open’ and ‘closed’ parishes, the evolution of holy wells into spas, water in leisure activities, its association with memorials and changing attitudes to hygiene. The thesis also examines the various designation systems in place for protecting historic monuments, the level of recording of water features on local and national lists of monuments and how appropriate this framework is for helping the conservation of a valuable resource.
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Connors, Owain James. "The effects of Anglo-Norman lordship upon the landscape of post-Conquest Monmouthshire." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14641.
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This thesis examines the effects the imposition of Anglo-Norman lordship, following the Anglo-Norman expansion into Wales in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, had upon the landscape of the Welsh border region. In order to achieve this aim this project makes extensive use of digital Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in order to produce a detailed county-wide study of the landscape of post-Conquest Monmouthshire as well as comprehensive case studies of individual Anglo-Norman lordships contained within the boundaries of the county. This thesis also aims to locate its findings within important current debates in historic archaeology about the effects of medieval lordship upon the landscape, on the roles of the physical environment and human agency in the forming of the historic landscape, on the wider role of castles as lordship centres, beyond simple military functionality.
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Clark, Melissa Ann. "“Well-Formed and Vigorous Bodies?” A Test of Revisionist Narratives of History in Pre-Famine Ireland." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593190170520864.
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Longcroft, Adam. "The development and survival of post-medieval vernacular houses : a case study from Norfolk." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267778.
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Atkinson, John A. "An archaeological analysis of industrialisation within the rural context of post-Medieval south west Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4971/.
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This thesis details the archaeological remains of the period 1600-1870 by focusing on the landscapes of transformation within the county of Ayrshire, south west Scotland. It presents an alternative view to the understanding of the industrial and agricultural past by employing a theoretical structure which bonds together Industrial Archaeology and Medieval or Later Rural Settlement studies in a bid to develop a more integrated appreciation of the history of the recent past. The theoretical model of vernacular and political landscapes, combined with landscape studies and archaeological assessment are presented as key mechanisms for interpretation of this period. Analysis is concentrated across a wide variety of remains from postimprovement settlement studies to the archaeology of domestic and mass production industries. This holistic approach is proposed as central to a clearer comprehension of the complexities of landscape history and historical archaeology.
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Shipley, Jonathan Paul. ""Concealed Communities : The History and Archaeology of Upper Coquetdale and the College Valley during the Late Medieval and Post Medieval Periods"." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525066.
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Weiss, Nicole Marie. "Body Size and Social Status in Medieval and Post-Medieval Italy: A Comparison of Alba (CN) and Trino (VC)." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492189176642129.
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Gould, David Robert. "Rabbit warrens of South-West England : landscape context, socio-economic significance and symbolism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27374.
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For several centuries following their introduction into the British Isles by the Normans, rabbits were farmed on man-made warrens. The right to hunt rabbits during the medieval period was restricted to the highest strata of society and warrens, and rabbit products, carried connotations of wealth and exclusivity. During the post-medieval period, as rabbits became less expensive, their exclusivity declined and access to the species increased across a wider spread of the population. Consequently, later warrens tended to be purely commercial ventures that in places lingered as a form of animal husbandry up until the early twentieth century. Evidence of these warrens is particularly common across England and Wales and typically, although not exclusively, takes the form of pillow mounds, earthworks created to encourage rabbits to burrow. Despite their longevity and high numbers, warrens remain relatively little studied. This thesis investigates surviving warren architecture within south-west England, incorporating archaeological data into a GIS in order to identify the locational, morphological and typological trends of the region’s warrens. It also assesses associations between warrens and other classes of archaeology, notably elite residences and parks, large ecclesiastical institutions and prehistoric earthworks. Doing so allows for a better understanding of warrens’ roles within their immediate environs and of their relationships with other aspects of the human landscape. This study also addresses natural geographical aspects of the landscape in order to determine the principal factors that influenced where warrens were installed. This study investigates documentary reference to warrens as many have not survived within the landscape. Medieval chancery rolls in particular allow for the creation of a national framework of warrening so that the South West can be compared and contrasted to other regions of medieval England. Documentary references, both medieval and post-medieval, to the South West’s warrens allow for the creation of a discrete regional history that defines the context for the establishment of the region’s warren architecture. This study assesses how rabbits were interpreted by medieval society and discusses symbolism, particularly the visual role played by warrens in advertising their owners’ wealth and any possible religious concepts associated with rabbits.
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Bavuso, Irene. "The sixth and earlier seventh centuries : preconditions of the rise of the emporia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b0f77d19-e741-40a1-9af9-99dce539cbc9.
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This thesis assesses the sixth-/early seventh-century socio-economic roots of the eighth-century transmarine system connecting England and the Continent through major coastal trading sites (emporia). Part 1 discusses socio-economic developments in the coastal areas of Kent, Sussex, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, and the Pas-de-Calais, through a close investigation of fifth- to early seventh-century archaeological evidence. The inclusion of later written sources has been fundamental to recognise that the two shores of the Channel were connected in a more complex network than previously assumed, beyond the major emporia. These areas are then considered comparatively: after challenging substantivist approaches that assume an overwhelming importance of gift-exchange in sixth-century England, Part 2 stresses the role of transmarine traffic and exploitation of natural resources in the socio-economic development of coastal areas. The examination of sixth-century written sources has also proved rewarding to reconsider the sixth-century political relationships between Franks and Anglo-Saxons. The role of kings, churches and laymen in the later transmarine network (seventh/eighth centuries) is then discussed by including the Thames Valley, the estuaries of the rivers Seine and Loire, and the Rhine Delta, examined through the written sources. One crucial question is the role of political actors in the development of a cross-Channel system of exchange. In this regard, scholars have mainly focused on the period when this system was already in place, pointing to a pivotal role of kings and political institutions for its establishment, or to the later appropriation by elites of a coastal area already integrated in the maritime network, but detached from political power. This thesis argues that a close link existed between elites and coastal areas before the emporia; thus, although kings were not the driving stimulus for the establishment of trading sites, the transmarine traffic fostered the socio-economic development of the coastal communities.
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Svensson, Jennilie. "Knappnålar som gravmarkörer : En studie av knappnålar påträffade i Bunge kyrka år 1971-1972." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274162.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the pins from Bunge church, in order to investigate how what they can tell us about the burials inside the church. During the post medieval and early modern period pins were used to fasten the burial shrouds, and to stabilize the fabric on the inside of the coffin lids. Therefore these pins appear in grave contexts, and thus offer possibilities for interpretation of burials. The pins have been ordered according to the shape of the needlehead. A total of 697 pins have been analysed, amongst which four main pin types have been detected. The next step in the study was a chorological study where the pins positions were analysed in comparison to other finds such as craniums and coffin handles. Comparisons were also made with the placement of wall paintings, furnishings and the natural light intake in the church. The spatiality and dating of the pins have been used for the interpretation of the graves temporal and physical placement.
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Schweich, Marianne. "Diachronic effects of bio-cultural factors on stature and body proportions in British archaeological populations : the impact of living conditions, socio-economic, nutritional and health status on growth, development, maximum attained stature and physical shape in archaeological skeletal population samples." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4356.
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Humans, like all animal species, are subject to Bergmann's (1847) and Allen's (1877) environmental rules which summarize physical adaptations to the natural environment. However, humans are in addition cultural animals and other bio-cultural factors such as social, economic and political status, general health, and nutrition, have a noticeable influence on stature and body proportions. Importantly, socio-economic status has a powerful influence on stature, which has been used to elucidate status differences in past societies (Bogin and Loucky, 1997; Floud et al., 1990; Schutkowski, 2000a). Furthermore, bio-cultural factors influence all dimensions of the human body, including weight, relative limb length, and relative length of the different limb segments. Given minimal migration and shared natural environments, all populations in this study, coming as they do from the last 2000 years of English history, should demonstrate similar morphology (c. f Ruff, 1994) if climatic variables were the only influence on stature and body proportions. In order to assess such bio-cultural factors in individuals from archaeological populations, skeletal populations from sites such as known leprosaria and medieval hospitals, rural and urban parish cemeteries, victims from the battle of Towton in A. D. 1461, and individuals from monastic cemeteries were analysed. The osteometric data from these populations were assessedfo r within and between population variability and indicate effects of bio-cultural factors on attained body proportions and stature. The results indicate a strong relationship between bio-cultural factors and body proportions, body mass index, prevalence of pathologies, sexual dimorphism, secular trend, and general stature from Roman times to the post-medieval period. The usefulness of stature, weight, and physical indices as markers of the bio-cultural environment is demonstrated. The main findings include: a greater sensitivity to external stressors in the males rather than the females of the analysed populations, rendering male statures more susceptible to varying bio-cultural conditions; a potential for very tall stature has existed in the analysed populations but was only realised. in very high status individuals in medieval times, and from the beginning 20'h century with better socio-economic conditions for the population at large; a less stratified socio-political environment, as in the late Anglo-Saxon period resulted in taller average male statures that a more stratified one, such as the medieval Nation-States; and medieval monastic institutions could have high status, e.g., the Gilbertines, or lower status, such as the mendicant orders, while leprosaria had the lowest status of all.
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Cussans, Julia E. "Changes in the size and shape of domestic mammals across the North Atlantic region over time. The effects of environment and economy on bone growth of livestock from the Neolithic to the Post Medieval period with particular reference to the Scandinavian expansion westwards." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5734.
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A large database of domestic mammal bone measurements from sites across Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland is presented. The reasons for variations in bone growth of domestic ungulates are examined in detail; nutrition is identified as a key factor in the determination of adult bone size and shape. Possible sources of variation in bone size in both time and space in the North Atlantic region are identified. Four hypotheses are proposed; firstly that bone dimensions, particularly breadth, will decrease with increasing latitude in the study region; secondly that higher status sites will raise larger livestock than lower status sites within the same time period and region; thirdly the size of domestic mammals in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will increase in the Later Iron Age, possibly in relation to increased fodder supply; finally at times of environmental degradation (climatic and/or landscape) domestic mammal size will decrease. The latitude hypothesis could only be partly upheld; there is no evidence for increased size with site status; a small increase in size is noted at some Scottish Iron Age sites and varying results are found for the environmental degradation hypothesis. The results are discussed with particular reference to how changes in the skeletal proportions of domestic mammals affect their human carers and beneficiaries. The potential of further expanding the dataset and integrating biometrical data with other forms of evidence to create a powerful tool for the examination of economic and environmental changes at archaeological sites is discussed.The Division of AGES (University of Bradford), the Andy Jagger Fund (University of Bradford), the Francis Raymond Hudson Fund (University of Bradford), the Viking Society, the Prehistoric Society, SYNTHESIS and the Paddy Coker Research Fund (Biogeographical Society)
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Cussans, Julia Elise. "Changes in the size and shape of domestic mammals across the North Atlantic region over time : the effects of environment and economy on bone growth of livestock from the Neolithic to the post-medieval period, with particular reference to the Scandinavian expansion westwards." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5734.
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A large database of domestic mammal bone measurements from sites across Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland is presented. The reasons for variations in bone growth of domestic ungulates are examined in detail; nutrition is identified as a key factor in the determination of adult bone size and shape. Possible sources of variation in bone size in both time and space in the North Atlantic region are identified. Four hypotheses are proposed; firstly that bone dimensions, particularly breadth, will decrease with increasing latitude in the study region; secondly that higher status sites will raise larger livestock than lower status sites within the same time period and region; thirdly the size of domestic mammals in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will increase in the Later Iron Age, possibly in relation to increased fodder supply; finally at times of environmental degradation (climatic and/or landscape) domestic mammal size will decrease. The latitude hypothesis could only be partly upheld; there is no evidence for increased size with site status; a small increase in size is noted at some Scottish Iron Age sites and varying results are found for the environmental degradation hypothesis. The results are discussed with particular reference to how changes in the skeletal proportions of domestic mammals affect their human carers and beneficiaries. The potential of further expanding the dataset and integrating biometrical data with other forms of evidence to create a powerful tool for the examination of economic and environmental changes at archaeological sites is discussed.
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Mattsson, McGinnis Meghan. "Ring Out Your Dead : Distribution, form, and function of iron amulets in the late Iron Age grave fields of Lovö." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131728.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, forms, and function(s) of iron amulets deposited in the late Iron Age gravefields of Lovö, with the goal of ascertaining how (and so far as possible why) these objects were utilized in rituals carried out during and after burials. Particular emphasis is given to re-interpreting the largest group of iron amulets, the iron amulet rings, in a more relational and practice-focused way than has heretofore been attempted. By framing burial analyses, questions of typology, and evidence of ritualized actions in comparison with what is known of other cult sites in Mälardalen specifically– and theorized about the cognitive landscape(s) of late Iron Age Scandinavia generally– a picture of iron amulets as inscribed objects made to act as catalytic, protective, and mediating agents is brought to light.
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Perez, Emilie. "L'enfant au miroir des sépultures médiévales (Gaule, VIe-XIIe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975133.
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Entre le VIe et le XIIe siècle, en Gaule, le traitement funéraire des enfants connut certaines évolutions, corrélées à une transformation plus large de l'espace des morts. À la lumière d'une étude interdisciplinaire, qui combine l'analyse des sources écrites (hagiographiques et normatives), archéologiques et biologiques du haut Moyen Âge, je propose d'appréhender l'organisation des sépultures et les modes d'inhumation des enfants, à travers l'analyse de seize sites funéraires, sept nécropoles rurales et neuf cimetières, utilisés du VIe au XIIe siècle. Le développement d'une nouvelle méthode de répartition des enfants en classes d'âges " sociales " (0-2, 3-7, 8-12, 13-17 ans) a permis de repérer des césures et des étapes importantes durant l'enfance, notamment autour de l'âge d'un et de sept ans, qui témoignent de l'évolution de l'identité sociale et se manifestent différemment selon les contextes. Dans les nécropoles, le mobilier déposé auprès des enfants s'accroît en qualité, en quantité et en diversité à partir de huit ans, le genre étant marqué de manière beaucoup plus nette. L'analyse des sources hagiographiques et normatives des VIe-VIIIe siècles permet de lier ce phénomène à la puberté et à l'entrée dans l'âge adulte. Dans les cimetières, on observe un processus de regroupement des tombes d'enfants, attestant une sorte de sectorisation de l'espace funéraire selon l'âge des individus, sans doute vers l'époque carolingienne : les enfants de moins de sept ans sont, en effet, inhumés au plus près des murs des édifices ecclésiaux, selon une tendance qui semble perdurer jusqu'à la fin de la période médiévale.
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Chrzavzez, Julia. "Approche expérimentale de la conservation des charbons de bois dans les gisements paléolithiques : processus post-dépositionnels, fragmentation et représentativité des assemblages anthracologiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948324.
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Dans les gisements paléolithiques, les résidus anthracologiques étudiables sont parfois très abondants ou, au contraire, quasiment absents, sans relation évidente avec l'intensité des activités liées au feu. Ce constat pose la question de l'impact des processus post-dépositionnels, dont l'action est particulièrement importante dans les sites anciens. Lorsque la fraction grossière est rare, les charbons méso ou microscopiques sont souvent bien représentés, mettant en lumière un intense processus de fragmentation. Agent majeur de la formation des assemblages, la fragmentation conditionne le niveau de conservation du dépôt, mais aussi éventuellement la représentation quantitative des taxons. Dans une perspective méthodologique et au moyen d'une série d'expérimentation in vivo et in vitro (tests de compression, cycles gel-dégel, piétinement, retrait-gonflement du sédiment, etc.), les propriétés physico-mécaniques des charbons de bois et les modalités de fragmentation de différents taxons d'Europe tempérée sont caractérisées. Un ensemble de processus post-dépositionnels qui participent de la formation de nombreux dépôts du Pléistocène sont simulés de manière à mesurer leur impact sur le matériel anthracologique. Nos résultats montrent que les charbons de bois sont particulièrement sensibles aux processus météoriques et aux phénomènes périglaciaires ainsi qu'au piétinement. Le niveau de fragmentation des charbons laisse envisager l'ampleur des dommages causés sur la longue durée. Les propriétés physico-mécaniques et le comportement à la fragmentation des charbons de bois varient selon les essences. Ces différences s'expriment au niveau générique, spécifique et plus ponctuellement intra-spécifique, mais elles ne semblent pas de nature à induire des distorsions quantitatives majeures de la représentation initiale des taxons au sein des assemblages. Enfin, lorsque des différences entre taxons sont mises en évidence, elles s'expriment principalement au sein de la fraction fine (charbons compris entre 1 et 2 mm), laquelle est rarement étudiée en termes quantitatif.
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Cognot, Fabrice. "L'armement médiéval : les armes blanches dans les collections bourguignonnes. Xe - XVe siècles." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001643.
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Les armes et armures de la période médiévale ont depuis longtemps suscité un intérêt certain. Aux premiers auteurs ont succédé des érudits enthousiastes. puis des chercheurs qui ont mis en place les bases et proposé les problématiques. les approches et les dynamiques de l'étude. Mais l'arme, l'objet matériel, est à même de constituer une source : elle contient dans ses formes et sa matière les traces des phénomènes liés à sa création et son utilisation, liés aux savoir-faire qui leur correspondaient. Cette thèse étudie le mobilier présent dans un cadre géographique et institutionnel restreint, dans une démarche qui place le chercheur en outil de compréhension de l'objet : l'approche expérimentale a montré à de nombreuses reprises sa pertinence, mais peut être approfondie encore si l'observateur se tait détenteur des savoir-faire liés à la matière ; de plus une riche documentation existe qui permet de s'approprier physiquement ces savoir-faire spécifiques liés à l'arme et au combat, livrés par les écrits des maîtres d'armes de la fin du Moyen âge. Trois groupes d'objet sont considérées : les épées, lances et haches. Après un rappel ou parfois une exploration historique plus appuyée, le matériel .est étudié : les observations réalisées permettent d'entrevoir le détail des étapes et des modes de fabrication des objets, proposés alors de manière théorique. La combinaison des informations issues des sources secondaires. des objets et surtout de l'approche corporelle du chercheur permettent de comprendre l'arme dans ses aspects fonctionnels, vivants, appliqués. Mais également, d'entrevoir dans la matière des phénomènes au-delà de ces aspects de fabrication ou d'utilisation.
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Atterving, Emmy. "“She said she was called Theodore” : - A modality analysis of five transcendental saints in the 1260’s Legenda Aurea and 1430’s Gilte Legende." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144052.
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This thesis explores modalities in two hagiographical collections from the late Middle Ages; the Legenda Aurea and the Gilte Legende by drawing inspiration from post-colonial hybridity theories.. It conducts a close textual analysis by studying the use of pronouns in five saints’ legends where female saints transcend traditional gender identities and become men, and focuses on how they transcend, live as men, and die. The study concludes that the use of pronouns is fluid in the Latin Legenda Aurea, while the Middle English Gilte Legende has more female pronouns and additions to the texts where the female identity of the saints is emphasised. This is interpreted as a sign of the feminisation of religious language in Europe during the late Middle Ages, and viewed parallel with the increase of holy women at that time. By doing this, it underlines the importance of new words and concepts when describing and understanding medieval views on gender.
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Mestour, Brahim. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de mise en place et d'évolution du remplissage de la Baume-Bonne (Quinson, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) : Apports de l'analyse minéralogique et micromorphologique des dépôts phosphatés et des dépôts carbonatés." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045053.
Full textAbstract:
Le remplissage Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de l'abri-grotte de la Baume-Bonne présente des transformations post-dépositionnelles profondes tant sur le plan minéralogique (néoformations) que sur le plan microstructural. Ces transformations sont variables et inégales d'une zone à l'autre et ont abouti à une perte généralisée des caractéristiques sédimentaires originelles. De ce fait, la morphologie et les faciès sédimentaires actuels sont complexes, ce qui crée d'énormes difficultés de raccords d'une zone à l'autre. A partir d'une étude minéralogique et micromorphologique, ce travail s'est intéressé à la caractérisation et au rôle de chacune de ces transformations dans l'évolution du remplissage. Sur cette base, une interprétation paléoenvironnementale et paléoclimatique des différents traits observés et un historique du remplissage et de son évolution sont proposés. L'accent est mis sur le rôle des néoformations minérales dans la perte des traits originels. Ainsi, la mise en place de la paragenèse phosphatée s'est faite aux dépens du matériel préexistant quelle que soit sa nature minéralogique (carbonatée ou silicatée ). Les mécanismes de mise en place n'ont pas de signification paléoclimatique certaine, mais possèdent une valeur paléoenvironnementale à l'échelle de la grotte. Le rôle des apports anthropiques et faunique en matières organiques et en restes osseux dans la phosphatation a été prépondérant. De même, les calcitisations secondaires se font aux dépens du matériel préexistant et n'ont qu'une signification paléoenvironnementale. Par contre, leur évolution vers des croûtes indiquerait un réchauffement du climat. L'accent est également mis sur le rôle des alternances de phases de gel et de dégel dans les restructurations et les réorganisations sédimentaires. Ces alternances provoquent la restructuration du sédiment en agrégats lamellaires ou arrondis qui sont souvent associés à des coiffes grossières et à des plages de lavages. Elles sont également responsables de la fragmentation et de la dispersion des constituants élémentaires. Ce facteur de gel-dégel est accentué par la configuration très irrégulière du substratum. L'ensemble de cette étude et les données antérieures montrent que la mise en place et l'évolution du remplissage seraient sous contrôle de facteurs morphologiques (configuration irrégulière du substratum, emplacement des dépôts vis-à-vis de l'extérieur et des parois calcaires), climatiques (principalement l'alternance de phases de gel et de dégel) et biologiques (fréquentation et apports anthropiques et fauniques). Leurs interactions variables, à la fois dans l'espace et dans le temps, donc complexes, seraient à l'origine de la complexité du remplissage de la Baume-Bonne.