Academic literature on the topic 'Society of African Missions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Okafor, Eddie E. "Francophone Catholic Achievements in Igboland, 1883-–1905." History in Africa 32 (2005): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0020.

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When the leading European powers were scrambling for political dominion in Africa, the greatest rival of France was Britain. The French Catholics were working side by side with their government to ensure that they would triumph in Africa beyond the boundaries of the territories already annexed by their country. Thus, even when the British sovereignty claim on Nigeria was endorsed by Europe during the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, the French Catholics did not concede defeat. They still hoped that in Nigeria they could supplant their religious rivals: the British Church Missionary Society (CMS) and the other Protestant missionary groups. While they allowed the British to exercise political power there, they took immediate actions to curtail the spread and dominion of Protestantism in the country. Thus some of their missionaries stationed in the key French territories of Africa—Senegal, Dahomey, and Gabon—were urgently dispatched to Nigeria to compete with their Protestant counterparts and to establish Catholicism in the country.Two different French Catholic missions operated in Nigeria between 1860s and 1900s. The first was the Society of the African Missions (Société des Missions Africaines or SMA), whose members worked mainly among the Yoruba people of western Nigeria and the Igbos of western Igboland. The second were the Holy Ghost Fathers (Pères du Saint Esprit), also called Spiritans, who ministered specifically to the Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria. The French Catholics, the SMA priests, and the Holy Ghost Fathers competed vehemently with the British Protestants, the CMS, for the conversion of African souls. Just as in the political sphere, the French and British governments competed ardently for annexation and colonization of African territories.
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Hölzl, Richard. "Educating Missions. Teachers and Catechists in Southern Tanganyika, 1890s and 1940s." Itinerario 40, no. 3 (December 2016): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000632.

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This article concentrates on Catholic mission teachers in Southern Tanzania from the 1890s to the 1940s, their role and agency in founding and developing the early education system of Tanzania. African mission teachers are an underrated group of actors in colonial settings. Being placed between colonized and colonizers, between conversion and civilising mission, between colonial rule and African demands for emancipation, between church and government and at the heart of local society, their agency was crucial to forming African Christianity, to social change and to a newly emerging class of educated Africans. This liminal position also rendered them almost invisible for historiography, since the colonial archive rarely gave credit to their vital role and European missionary propaganda tended to present them as examples of successful mission work, rather than as self-reliant missionary activists. The article circumscribes the framework of colonial education policies and missionary strategies, it recovers the teachers’ active role in the colonial education system as well as in missionary evangelization. Finally, it contrasts teachers’ self-representation with the official image conveyed in missionary media.
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Sieberhagen, F. "Understanding the role the Bible Society of South Africa played in the development of missions in South Africa." Verbum et Ecclesia 25, no. 2 (October 6, 2004): 676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v25i2.293.

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This article argues that the development of Missions in South Africa could be directly linked to the founding of Bible Society work in South Africa. The article focuses on the development of missions and how the availability of Scriptures in the vernacular enhanced this work. The unique relationship between Mission development, the Church and the Bible Society will be discussed as to highlight and fully understand this unique influence and partnership. This partnership is an ongoing relationship and with the new challenges arising this will have to be developed even further.
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Burlingham, Kate. "Praying for Justice: The World Council of Churches and the Program to Combat Racism." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 1 (April 2019): 66–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00856.

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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, individuals around the world, particularly those in newly decolonized African countries, called on churches, both Protestant and Catholic, to rethink their mission and the role of Christianity in the world. This article explores these years and how they played out in Angola. A main forum for global discussion was the World Council of Churches (WCC), an ecumenical society founded alongside the United Nations after World War II. In 1968 the WCC devised a Program to Combat Racism (PCR), with a particular focus on southern Africa. The PCR's approach to combating racism proved controversial. The WCC began supporting anti-colonial organizations against white minority regimes, even though many of these organizations relied on violence. Far from disavowing violent groups, the PCR's architects explicitly argued that, at times, violent action was justified. Much of the PCR funding went to Angolan revolutionary groups and to individuals who had been educated in U.S. and Canadian foreign missions. The article situates global conversations within local debates between missionaries and Angolans about the role of the missions in the colonial project and the future of the church in Africa.
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Agyekum, Humphrey Asamoah. "Peacekeeping Experiences as Triggers of Introspection in the Ghanaian Military Barracks." Africa Spectrum 55, no. 1 (April 2020): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039720922868.

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African political elites have been forthcoming with military support for United Nations peacekeeping missions, contributing substantially to these missions’ workforce. Despite their contribution, most studies on peacekeeping omit the African soldier’s voice on his experiences of the African war theatre. This article features Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives based on their peacekeeping deployments and illuminates how Ghanaian peacekeepers connect their experiences to their home society. In this contribution, I illustrate how Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives about peacekeeping experiences are framed as deterring examples for their home society, thus potentially impacting their actions and behaviours. Based on long-term qualitative research embedded with the Ghanaian military, drawing from interviews and informal conversations with peacekeeping veterans and serving military operatives, it is argued that Ghanaian soldiers’ narratives of peacekeeping experiences and the collective processes through which these narratives gain currency in the barracks and beyond are informed by introspection in the post-peacekeeping deployment phase.
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Mndolwa, Maimbo, and Philippe Denis. "Anglicanism, Uhuru and Ujamaa: Anglicans in Tanzania and the Movement for Independence." Journal of Anglican Studies 14, no. 2 (September 9, 2016): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355316000206.

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AbstractThe Anglican Church in Tanzania emerged from the work of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) and the Australian Church Missionary Society (CMSA). The Anglican missions had goals which stood against colonialism and supported the victory of nationalism. Using archives and interviews as sources, this article considers the roles and reaction of the Anglican missions in the struggle for political independence in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the effects of independence on the missions and the Church more broadly, and the responses of the missions to ujamaa in Tanzania.
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Nana Opare Kwakye, Abraham. "Returning African Christians in Mission to the Gold Coast." Studies in World Christianity 24, no. 1 (April 2018): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2018.0203.

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The transatlantic slave trade created an African diaspora in the Western world. Some of these diaspora Africans encountered and embraced the religion of their Western masters. Life in the Caribbean diaspora provided an opportunity for the nestling of ideas that were to shape the establishment of the Christian faith in Africa. Following the failures of European missionaries to make an impact in Africa in the early nineteenth century, freshly emancipated Christians from the Caribbean became agents of social transformation in the Gold Coast, Cameroun and Nigeria. Using archival records from Basel in Switzerland and Ghana, this paper explores the missionary initiative of Jamaican Christians who worked under the aegis of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society from 1843 to 1918. It provides evidence that these Jamaican Christians became principal agents for the success of the Basel Mission's enterprise in the Gold Coast in the nineteenth century. The paper argues against a Eurocentric approach to mission historiography that has obviated the roles of Africans in the nineteenth century and demonstrates the legacy which these returning Africans have left the church in Africa.
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van der Heyden, Ulrich. "The Archives and Library of the Berlin Mission Society." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171952.

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This paper highlights a rich source of history of the cultures of foreign peoples hitherto referred to little by academics—the archive and library of the Berlin Mission Society, now the Berliner Missionswerk. It will discuss the immense opportunities that the library and the archives offer for academic research. It is not intended to be a history of the Berlin Mission Society or its institutions but will rather suggest initial points of interest for further investigation. I shall also refer to the present state of research in both history and anthropology of foreign peoples based on an assessment of the materials available in the mission societies in the former German Democratic Republic. This paper then is less a contribution to theoretical problems than an attempt to draw the attention of historians, anthropologists and others to the resources of the Berlin Mission Society.In the street called Georgenkirchstrasse, No. 70, in East Berlin, opposite the fairy tale Fountain of Friedrichshain and the famous park, is the Berlin Mission House, built in 1873—the location of the Berlin Mission Society, founded in 1824. Until 1991 the latter was called the Ecumenical Missionary Centre/Berlin Mission Society (Ökumenisch-Missionarisches Zentrum/Berliner Missionsgesellschaft).As one of the largest missionary societies, its missionaries have worked since the mid-nineteenth century in South Africa and later in China and East Africa. In the long history of the Berlin Mission many printed and unpublished texts, as well as drawings, maps, and photographs were collected. The archives retain 270 meters of file. There are also the records of other missions, as well as the largest specialist library for missions and ecumenical movements (50,000 volumes and scholarly papers) in the former GDR.
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Wamagatta, Evanson. "Changes of Government Policies Towards Mission Education in Colonial Kenya and Their Effects on the Missions: The Case of the Gospel Missionary Society." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 1 (2008): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x262692.

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AbstractBefore the First World War, the provision and management of African education was almost entirely in the hands of the missionaries. After the war, the government enacted a series of laws that were designed to improve the quality of education. However, the new policies placed a heavy financial burden on the missions, which found it difficult to function without government grants. This paper analyzes the effects of government education policies on the fluctuating fortunes of the Gospel Missionary Society (GMS). It shows that, although the GMS was not opposed to the grants, its small size and faith basis made it impossible to meet the government's conditions for receiving the grants. The government's pressure and the mission's inability to implement the policies eventually forced the GMS to withdraw from the mission field altogether, and that is why there are today no schools or churches associated with it in Kenya. The paper is based on secondary sources and primary materials obtained from the Kenya National Archives (KNA) and the GMS's and other missionary societies' archives.
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Horn, Karen. "The Scottish Catholic Mission Stations in Bauchi Province, Nigeria: 1957-1970." Journal of Religion in Africa 40, no. 2 (2010): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006610x499877.

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AbstractIn 1963 the Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh, Gordon Joseph Gray, asked for volunteers to staff a mission station in the Bauchi province in the north of Nigeria. By the end of 1969 the Bauchi experiment was deemed a success; however, the process of establishing the mission was littered with complications. Not only had this station been abandoned by the Society of African Missions since 1957, it was also firmly located in an Islam-dominated area where Catholic priests had to compete not only with Muslims but also with American Protestant missionaries and indigenous religions. To make matters worse, the years between 1963 and 1970 included two coups and a civil war during which religion became the focus of much of the violence. This article looks at the correspondence between Archbishop Gray and the volunteers in Bauchi in order to provide insight into how the missionaries experienced their task of establishing a Scottish Catholic presence an area others considered too hostile.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Lee, Neung Sung. "Contextualization of the message, the messenger, and the church in the Tagale [sic] rural society a culturally sensitive approach /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Sieberhagen, Charl Francois. "Die beskikbaarstelling, deur die Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika, van die Bybel in die inheemse tale van Suid-Afrika 'n missiologiese studie /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01182007-160718/.

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Vumi, Diambu Georges. "Histoire des missions protestantes: la Baptist Missionary Society en Afrique; la période héroïque ou pionnière." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211853.

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Meintjes, Sheila M. "Edendale 1850-1906 : a case study of rural transformation and class formation in an African mission in Natal." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295151.

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Ouattara, Gnimbin Albert. "Africans, Cherokees, and the ABCFM Missionaries in the Nineteenth Century: An Unusual Story of Redemption." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07302007-160102/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Charles G. Steffen, committee chair; Mohammed Hassen Ali, Wayne J. Urban, committee members. Electronic text (322 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from file title page. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-318).
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McLendon, Eric Blake. "Slave missions and membership in North Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/MCLENDON_ERIC_1.pdf.

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Espinosa, Laurence. "Anthropologie d'une rencontre - Les Sotho dans les écrits des pionniers de la Société des Missions Evangéliques de Paris au XIXe siècle (1830-1880)." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU1004/document.

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Cette étude anthropologique est une interrogation sur la possibilité d’une rencontre entre les Sotho de l’Afrique australe et des missionnaires de la Société des missions évangéliques de Paris au XIXe siècle. Elle est un exercice de « sur-écriture » à partir de l’analyse renouvelée de textes insérés dans les Journaux des missions évangéliques. Trois partis pris principaux guident cette exploration. D’abord, si la rencontre a eu lieu, qu’en est-il de sa répartition ? La première piste suivie invite à se questionner sur les modalités des contacts avec l’ensemble des Sotho, la femme Sotho ou le chef Moshoeshoe. Ensuite, si Dieu a conduit les religieux auprès des Africains, omniprésent, il n’est pas que surplombant. Le second point aborde la question de la matérialité de Dieu comme pour le toucher et éventuellement atteindre la rencontre. Enfin, les Sotho, hôtes des missionnaires, deviennent les otages des narrateurs. Leurs adversaires, les autres Africains, croisés par les évangélisateurs sont-ils l’Autre dont l’absence ne peut que remettre en cause toute idée de rencontre ?
This anthropological study is an interrogation about a possible talks between Sotho of Southern Africa and missionaries of the French 'Société des missions évangéliques de Paris' during the 19th century. It is an exercise of transcription from renewed analysis of write-ups published in journals of evangelical missions. Three major preconceptions have guided this analysis so far. First of all, if meetings took place, what was the occurrence of such events? The first trail questions the modalities of the contacts with the Sotho together, the Sotho woman or with the chief Moshoeshoe. Then, if God has led clergymen to the Africans, omnipresent God is not only overhanging. The second point deals with the materiality of God so as to touch him and eventually reach the meeting. Finally the Sotho, hosts of the missionaries, became the hostages of the storytellers. Are the Sotho's opponents, the other Africans who were met by the evangelists, the ones whose absence may lead to reconsidering the idea of meeting?
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Whitmer, Steven Michael. "Approaching benevolence in missions." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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De, Wet Christiaan Rudolf. "The Apostolic Faith Mission in Africa, 1908-1980 : a case study in church growth in a segregated society." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22445.

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Bibliography: pages 393-409.
This case-study of the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) in Africa in relation to Church Growth theory covers the period 1908 - 1980. Its geographical scope is South Africa, including the black Homelands. In chapters 1 and 2 we examine the history, origins and development of the AFM in Africa in relation to Pentecostalism and the white AFM. In chapters 3 and 4 we research the contextual issues of racism, apartheid, and the relationship between the AFM, the State, and politics. From chapter 5 to the end our focus is on the church growth of the AFM in Africa. Our study has shown that the AFM in Africa has grown significantly during the period studied. Significant growth factors have been: the prioritization of evangelism accompanied with an emphasis on the supernatural manifestation of the gifts of the Spirit; the active involvement of the laity; their theology of missions revealing a distinctive pneumatology, an eschatological urgency, and a sense of divine destiny; their ecclesiology; their culturally relevant liturgy; and homogeneous groupings of Blacks. Conversely, factors hindering their growth have been the superpaternalistic approach to mission of the white "Mother-church". The endorsement of apartheid and lack of a prophetic witness of the Apostolic Faith Mission towards the State have also harmed their credibility in the black community.
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Elam, John Demar. "Developing and measuring a one-day orientation seminar for evangelism in a post-communist society." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Bammann, Heinrich. Die Bahurutshe: Historische Ereignisse, Kultur und Religion und die Mission der ersten drei Hermannsburger Pioniere in Dinokana/Südafrika von 1857 bis 1940. Hermannsburg: Ludwig-Harms-Haus, 2012.

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Benetti, Giovanni. Vers un nouveau modèle de mission: Analyse sociologique, réflexion théologique et orientations pastorales pour une présence de missionnaires S.M.A. dans la banlieue d'Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Genova: Erga, 2000.

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Bammann, Heinrich. Die Bafokeng: Geschichte und Kultur, Erziehung und Religion (traditionelle und christliche) aus der Sicht der ersten drei Hermannsburger Missionare bis 1940. Hermannsburg: Ludwig-Harms-Haus, Missionshandlung, 2010.

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Workshop, African Society of Social Sciences International. Christianity in Africa: Missionaries and change : proceedings of the First International Workshop of the African Society of Social Science. Tripoli, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: The Society, 1986.

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Salvaing, Bernard. Les missionnaires à la rencontre de l'Afrique au XIXe siècle: Côte des esclaves et pays Yoruba, 1840-1891. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994.

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Bordogna, Charles. The artistry of traditional African sculpture: A 15th year anniversary exhibit by the African Art Museum of the Society of African Missions : featuring selections from the collection of the Society of African Missions, and from other distinguished collections. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.

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Küsel, Udo S. Africa calling: A cultural-history of the Hermannsburg Mission and its descendants in South Africa. Magalieskruin: African Heritage Consultants, 2017.

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1930-, Hardy Joseph, Trichet Pierre 1933-, and Mandirola Renzo 1951-, eds. Histoire de la Société des missions africaines (SMA) 1856-1907: De la fondation par Mgr de Marion Brésillac (1856) à la mort du Père Planque (1907). Paris: Karthala, 2009.

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Angus, Forster Dion, and Bentley Wessel, eds. What are we thinking?: Reflections on church and society from Southern African Methodists. Cape Town: Methodist Publishing House, 2008.

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Canada Congregational Foreign Missionary Society., ed. The story of Chisamba: A sketch of the African mission of the Canadian Congregational Churches. Toronto: Canada Congregational Foreign Missionary Society, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Beyan, Amos J. "The American Colonization Society Civilizing Mission in Liberia and John B. Russwurm, 1829–1836." In African American Settlements in West Africa, 39–84. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979193_4.

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Park, Eunjin. "Native African Missions." In “White” Americans in “Black” Africa, 83–113. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003250104-3.

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Adedibu, Babatunde. "African Megachurch Missions Abroad." In The Routledge Handbook of Megachurches, 121–35. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003222613-11.

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Prempeh, Charles. "Missions and Contemporary African Rulers." In The Palgrave Handbook of Christianity in Africa from Apostolic Times to the Present, 625–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48270-0_40.

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Etherington, Norman. "Christian Missions in Africa." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions, 198–207. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118255513.ch12.

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Kasanda, Albert. "African Civil Society." In Routledge Handbook of African Political Philosophy, 163–76. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143529-15.

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Maurrasse, David J. "Indigenous African Philanthropy." In Philanthropy and Society, 111–28. New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. |Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315188997-7.

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Kasanda, Albert. "Approaching African civil society." In Contemporary African Social and Political Philosophy, 106–27. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351209922-7.

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Kollman, Paul. "Catholic Missions and African Responses II: 1800–1885." In The Palgrave Handbook of Christianity in Africa from Apostolic Times to the Present, 269–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48270-0_18.

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Kollman, Paul. "Catholic Missions and African Responses I: 1450–1800." In The Palgrave Handbook of Christianity in Africa from Apostolic Times to the Present, 193–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48270-0_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Megbowon, Soji, Esther Ajayi, Adewale Oseni, Iheanacho Metuonu, Amos Fatokun, and Tobiloba Emmanuel. "Promoting the Culture of Innovation and Entrepreneurship within the University Ecosystem through a University-Based Co-Creation Hub." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.5376.

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Innovation and entrepreneurship are considered one of the most powerful driving forces for economic and social progress in our era. As a result, building a unique entrepreneurial ecosystem and transforming it into an “innovative and Entrepreneurial University” have become goals for many colleges and universities. // Innovation and Entrepreneurship are very important in Universities because they play an important role to increase entrepreneurial graduates of higher education. Global awareness of the importance of the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in the university ecosystem is in line with the growing awareness of higher education institutions, and universities, to walk the entrepreneurial path. This study aims to form an entrepreneurial university model using a systems approach, where the university should not carry its own burden in carrying out the responsibilities of a third mission to help accelerate community development. Going by the society we have found ourselves, we observed that there is a huge gap between the school curriculum and the marketplace demand. Most graduates in the marketplace are deficient in relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to solve critical problems in the workplace. // The rate and rapidity at which the African youth population has been growing are enormous and this has also been very challenging. On one side, it is enormous because if well harnessed, it could become a potential for improved African economy, production, and growth. To this end, youths could be considered Africa’s greatest asset. On the other hand, it is challenging as the resultant restiveness constitutes a threat in our universities, and unemployment fosters banditry and militancy. // In all advanced economies, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are expected to play a vital role in encouraging innovation, entrepreneurship, and structural change. The expanding population shares the economic importance of knowledge-intensive active ties, digital transformation sweeping across all organizational borders of the globe, and the need to quickly forge efficient and innovative solutions to address pressing societal challenges, that is the demand to contribute more to innovation and to economic and societal change. // The world economic forum estimates that 15 to 20 million young people will join the African workforce every year for the next two decades. By 2030, Africa will be home to more than a quarter of the world’s population under 25, who will make up 60% of the continent’s total population. By then, 15% of the world’s working-age population will be in Africa. /
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Doonan, Samantha, and Julie Johnson. "Participation in the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry by Race/Ethnicity and Gender Across Job Titles." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.3.

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States across the U.S. are increasingly legalizing cannabis for recreational purposes (“adult-use”) through licensure of privately-run cannabis establishments. Legalization efforts have partially emerged in response to unequal prohibition enforcement which disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic/Latino communities. However, the extent to which people from communities most affected by prohibition are included in the legal industry is unknown. This study is a preliminary analysis of participation by race/ethnicity and gender across job titles in the Massachusetts adult-use cannabis industry from its inception through April 2020 (18-month time span). Data were extracted from cannabis establishments (i.e., licensed adult-use cannabis businesses that collectively form the cannabis industry in Massachusetts). Agent registration forms are required for board members, directors, executives, managers, employees, and volunteers across all license types (e.g. retail, cultivation, product manufacturing). As of April 2020, there were 4,907 unique agents (volunteers excluded) across 205 cannabis establishment licenses. Among agents, 77% were White, 9% were Hispanic/Latino, and 6% were Black/African American, <3% identified other racial and ethnic groups, and data were missing for approximately 6% of the sample (exceeds 100%, as persons can be included in more than one race/ethnicity). Excluding agents with missing race/ethnicity or gender (n=347) and grouping persons at two-levels: (1) white or not-white identifying, and (2) male or female, we found 53% of agents were white and male, 29% were white and female, 12% were an ethnicity and/or race(s) that did not include white (“non-white”) and male, and 5% were non-white and female. Approximately 8% of agents held senior-level positions (i.e., board members, directors, executives) versus less senior positions (i.e., employees, managers). However, white males held 72% of senior positions, white females held 17%, non-white males held 9%, and non-white females held 1%. This study is subject to limitations, including that persons who identified as white and another race(s) (n=103) are included in white-identifying categories; future work will address this limitation. Further, all data is typically reported by supervisors rather than self-reported, therefore race/ethnicity and gender are subject to misidentification. Nonetheless, findings suggest that at approximately one and a half years after retail stores opened, participation in the Massachusetts adult-use cannabis industry skews white and male, and this trend is pronounced in senior-level positions.
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Bonyan, H. "Equatorial Low-Earth Orbits for Missions Concerning the African Continent." In 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526529.

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Lindstrom, Eric J., Mark A. Bourassa, Lars-Anders Breivik, Craig J. Donlon, Lee-Lueng Fu, Peter Hacker, Gary Lagerloef, et al. "Research Satellite Missions." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.28.

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Anim-Odame, Wilfred. "African Property Markets in Comparison." In 13th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2013_108.

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"Central African Power Pool summary." In 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2005.1489762.

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Musaba, L., P. Naidoo, and A. Chikova. "Southern African power pool plan development." In 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2006.1709638.

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Makhmutova, Maria. "THE LIBYAN PROBLEM AS A THREAT TO AFRICAN AND MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-314-319.

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The article examines the negative impact of the Libyan crisis on European and African countries. The author notes that the main problem facing the EU is the illegal migration of Africans, which does not decrease even when implementing joint missions and programs. In turn, the chaos in Libya is played out differently on its neighbors. Countries such as Algeria and Egypt have tried to strengthen their borders, while Tunisia, Chad, Niger and Sudan have tried to adapt to current challenges.
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Kundu, Allan. "Diversification Opportunities in African Real Estate Markets." In 12th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2012_130.

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Emmanuel, Gavu, Iheanacho Munachi, and Ajayi Damilola. "SOUTH AFRICAN REITS PREFER THURSDAYS AND FRIDAYS." In 21st African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2022-042.

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Reports on the topic "Society of African Missions"

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Ross-Larson, Bruce. Why Students Aren’t Learning What They Need for a Productive Life. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe13.

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The RISE program is a seven-year research effort that seeks to understand what features make education systems coherent and effective in their context and how the complex dynamics within a system allow policies to be successful. RISE had research teams in seven countries: Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam. It also commissioned research by education specialists in Chile, Egypt, Kenya, Peru, and South Africa. Those researchers tested ideas about how the determinants of learning lie more in the realm of politics and particularly in the interests of elites. They focused on how the political conditions have (or have not) put learning at the center of education systems (mostly not) while understanding the challenges of doing so. Each country team produced a detailed study pursuing answers to two central research questions: Did the country prioritize learning over access, and if so, during what periods? What role did politics play in the key decisions and how? The full studies detail their analytical frameworks, their data, and sources (generally interviews, government internal documents and reports, and other local and international publications), and the power of their assessments, given their caveats and limitations. Country summaries extract from the full studies how leadership, governance, teaching, and societal engagement are pertinent to student outcomes (see the next page). This synthesis, in line with Levy 2022, draws on the country summaries to detail the salience of goals of national leaders, alliances of stakeholders, missions of education bureaucracies, and expectations of society.
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Roberts, Tony, Judy Gitahi, Patrick Allam, Lawrence Oboh, Oyewole Oladapo, Gifty Appiah-Adjei, Amira Galal, et al. Mapping the Supply of Surveillance Technologies to Africa: Case Studies from Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Malawi, and Zambia. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.027.

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African governments are spending over 1US$bn per year on digital surveillance technologies which are being used without adequate legal protections in ways that regularly violate citizens’ fundamental human rights. This report documents which companies, from which countries, are supplying which types of surveillance technology to African governments. Without this missing detail, it is impossible to adequately design measures to mitigate and overcome illegal surveillance and violations of human rights. Since the turn of the century, we have witnessed a digitalisation of surveillance that has enabled the algorithmic automation of surveillance at a scale not previously imaginable. Surveillance of citizens was once a labour and time-intensive process. This provided a practical limit to the scope and depth of state surveillance. The digitalisation of telephony has made it possible to automate the search for keywords across all mobile and internet communications. For the first time, state surveillance agencies can do two things: (a) conduct mass surveillance of all citizens’ communications, and (b) micro-target individuals for in-depth surveillance that draws together in real-time data from mobile calls, short message service (SMS), internet messaging, global positioning system (GPS) location, and financial transactions. This report was produced by qualitative analysis of open-source data in the public domain. The information presented is drawn from a diverse range of sources, including open government data sets, export licence portals, procurement notices, civil society databases of surveillance contracts, press releases from surveillance companies, academic articles, reports, and media coverage. The research is organised using a typology of five categories of surveillance technology. We did not set out to detail every technology available, every company, or every supply contract. Instead, we document the main companies and countries selling digital surveillance technologies to African governments. Rather than focus on the technical functionality distinguishing each product offering, we highlight five of the most important types of surveillance technology: internet interception, mobile interception, social media surveillance, ‘safe city’ technologies for the surveillance of public spaces, and biometric identification technologies.
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Mazimba, James N. Challenges of the African Military in Peacekeeping Missions in Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561378.

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Baudais, Virginie, Annelies Hickendorff, Jaïr van der Lijn, Igor Acko, Souleymane Maiga, and Hussein Yusuf Ali. EU Military Training Missions: A Synthesis Report. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lfle9658.

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This paper draws overarching conclusions based on a synthesis of previously published case studies that examined the impact of EU military training missions (EUTMs) in Somalia (EUTM Somalia, 2010–), Mali (EUTM Mali, 2013–), the Central African Republic (CAR) (EUTM RCA, 2016–). It concludes that EUTMs are relevant niche operations. Despite difficult circumstances beyond the control of the missions, EUTM training and advisory efforts have increased the effectiveness of partner armed forces. While these gains have been marginal in CAR and Somalia, they have been a bit more pronounced in Mali. Yet, broader security sector reform and defence sector reform efforts to improve the accountability and governance of defence and security sectors have become bogged down. The main challenge is that EUTMs are generally mandated to implement largely technical and tactical agendas in contexts where the ongoing armed conflict and the politics of the security sector are not conducive to building professional national security forces. As a consequence EUTMs find themselves caught up in interlinked and partially overlapping dilemmas. This study concludes with seven partly overlapping recommendations to EU member states and to EUTMs to address the main limitations that are restricting the impact of the missions.
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Maeresera, Eleanor, and Adrian Chikowore. Will the Cure Bankrupt Us? Official Development Assistance and the COVID-19 Response in Southern African Countries. Oxfam, AFRODAD, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7130.

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Confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa in early November 2020 exceeded 1.8 million, with 45% occurring in Southern Africa (SAF). Most SAF countries lack the capacity to adequately protect lives and livelihoods. High indebtedness means underfunded essential services, and most countries had just emerged from a severe food crisis and the effects of Cyclone Idai. Donors must go beyond temporary debt service suspension and provide new aid grants. SAF governments must not use the pandemic to restrict civil society advocacy on behalf of the most vulnerable people.
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Caparini, Marina. Conflict, Governance and Organized Crime: Complex Challenges for UN Stabilization Operations. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nowm6453.

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This SIPRI Report examines how organized crime is intertwined with armed conflict and hybrid governance systems in three states that currently host United Nations stabilization missions. It surveys the conflict/crime/governance nexus in the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Mali, and how UN stabilization missions, in particular the UN Police, have engaged with the challenge of organized crime. The report argues that improving how UN stabilization interventions engage with organized crime will require a frank assessment of the significance of organized crime in systems of governance and patronage, of its role as a driver and enabler of armed conflict by non-state armed groups, and of the involvement of state-embedded actors in illicit markets. The complex links between conflict and governance actors and organized crime in the settings examined raise fundamental questions about the assumptions underlying peace operations. The report concludes with a set of recommendations on how to move to more realistic analyses and bases for peace operations.
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Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.

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This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.
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Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Cybercrimes and Digital Forensics. Cyber-enabled Terrorism in the African and Arab Regions: Survey Report from NAUSS-UNCCT Workshop. Naif University Press, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/iwjx5145.

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The seventh review of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (A/RES/75/291) underscored Member States' deep concern regarding the use of the Internet and other technologies for terrorist activities. Emphasizing collaboration among academia, the private sector, and civil society, the resolution sought to prevent terrorists from finding safe haven online while promoting an open, secure, and innovative Internet. In alignment with these principles, the Centre of Excellence in Cybercrimes and Digital Forensics (CoECDF) at Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS) and UNOCT's United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre (UNCCT) conducted a workshop on Cyber-enabled terrorism. A survey of selected Member States in Africa and the Middle East was conducted during the workshop, revealing their apprehensions about the misuse of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for terrorism. The survey outcomes aim to inform Member States' capacity-building strategies to combat cyber-enabled terrorism. The report comprehensively analyzes cyber-enabled terrorism threats in the African and Arab regions, offering key insights, findings, and recommendations. It identifies active terrorist groups, their methods, and the crucial need for specific skills in digital forensics, cyber security, and cyber intelligence. The diverse requirements of the African and Arab regions underscore the necessity for tailored capacity-building efforts in tackling cyber-enabled terrorism.
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.

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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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Meadows, Michael. Thesis Review: The Role of SANZ, a Migrant Radio Programme, in Making Sense of Place for South African Migrants in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw22016.

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This study is a detailed, qualitative exploration of the role played by a South African migrant radio programme, SANZ Live, in supporting its audience to create a sense of place in Auckland, New Zealand, through a range of on- and off-air activities. The thesis concludes that SANZ Live contributes to the creation of opportunities for South African migrants to find a sense of place through producing media content, participating in face-to-face communication through the off-air activities of SANZ Live, participating in SANZ Live social media and perpetuating aspects of South African culture through various programme-related activities. This multi-layered participation works to establish a new routine and a hybrid culture that enables South African migrants to establish new individual, group, and collective identities – becoming ‘South African Kiwis’ – in their new home of choice.In her exploration of this important topic, the author has used a wide range of relevant academic and industry sources to outline the role of Auckland community radio, and the station SANZ in particular, in creating a new hybrid sense of identity for the city’s South African community. It builds on earlier work elsewhere that has explored similar topics (Downing, 2001, 2003; Downing & Husband, 2005; Forde et al, 2009). But importantly, the study has revealed the critical role of being played by the radio programme in smoothing South African immigrants’ transition into New Zealand society – an important dimension of the settlement process.
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