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Journal articles on the topic 'Socio-demographic characters'
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Goyal, Shweta. "Socio-Demographic Characters and Cervical Cytology: A Descriptive Study." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 7, no. 7 (2018): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.7718.12.
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Pacheco Salles, Fagner Luiz, Murylo Feitanin Basso, and Alexia Leonel. "Smartphone use: implications for musculoskeletal symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics in students." Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation / Rehabilitacion Interdisciplinaria 4 (January 2, 2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/ri202472.
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Introduction: smartphone use has substantially increased in the past decade, becoming an important part in population's usual activities, but the relationship between smartphone addiction, smartphone use, and neck disability in adults remains uncertain. The objective of this study: (1) investigate the association between neck disability and smartphone use time with socio-demographic characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms, and smartphone addiction among university students; and (2) assess the association between smartphone addiction with socio-demographic characters, musculoskeletal symptoms. Methods: 228 students (74 males and 154 females; average age 29.41 years old) were enrolled in the study. Participants answered questions about sociodemographic characteristics, smartphone time use, smartphone addiction (SAS-SV), musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and upper limb, and neck disability (NDI). Results: individuals with neck disability were associated with, gender, general health, presence of neck and shoulder pain, and smartphone addiction. More time spent on smartphones was associated with some socio-demographic characteristics, the presence of shoulder pain, and smartphone addiction. Conclusions: smartphone addiction was associated with lower age, higher educational level, neck disability, and smartphone time use in students.
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Mahapatra, Mousumi Singha, Swati Alok, and Jayasree Raveendran. "Financial Literacy of Indian Youth: A Study on the Twin Cities of Hyderabad–Secunderabad." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 6, no. 2 (2016): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277975216667096.
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A person’s capability to manage financial matters has become important in today’s world. Availability of different types of sophisticated financial products coupled with the complexity and increased uncertainty of the economy and financial markets have generated a strong move to measure and study financial literacy among investors. The present article aims to analyze the status of financial literacy of college students with three identified antecedents, namely, socio-demographic characteristics, parental influence and attitude towards financial planning. A sample of 425 students from various colleges of the Hyderabad–Secunderabad region was studied to understand the role of the identified antecedents on financial literacy. The results of logistic regression analysis support the hypothesis that financial literacy of Indian college students is influenced by their socio-demographic characters, parental influence and their attitude towards financial planning. While both socio-demographic and parental influences have a positive impact on financial literacy, attitude towards financial planning is observed to have a negative impact.
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Shikha and Kumar Singh Manish. "Prevalence of Anaemia in View of Socio-Demographic Profile of Adolescent Girls in Urban Area of Patna District, Bihar, India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 6 (2022): 627–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13626429.
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<strong>Objectives: </strong>Anaemia is a major health problem of adolescent girls in developing country. In this present study, we evaluate the prevalence of anaemia in view of Socio-demographic profile of adolescent girls in urban area. <strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed history was performed which included socio demographic details, history of any chronic illness, socio-demographic characters, menstrual history and presenting complaints. By venipuncture of anti cubital vein, 2 mL of venous blood was drawn and collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainers under aseptic precautions. The collected blood samples were analysed in the Department of Pathology by five‑part automated cell counter (Beckman Coulter AC T diff 2). For interpretation of anaemia, the cut‑off point for haemoglobin (Hb)gm% was taken as< 12 g/dL), moderate (7 to < 10 g/dL), and severe (<7 g/dL) [6]. Sociodemographic status was estimated by modified B. G. Prasad’s classification. Socio-economic status classified as: class II-upper middle class, class III- lower middle class, class IV- upper lower class, class V- lower. <strong>Results: </strong> Out of 200 adolescent girls, anaemia was found in 148(74%) girls. most of the anaemic girls 55(78.57%) were in age of 10-12 years. Most of the anaemic girls 64(32%) belonged to lower middle socio-economic status. 64(32%) anaemic girls belonged to lower middle socioeconomic classes. Majority of anaemic girls 111(75.51%) lived in nuclear family. Parents [fathers: 79(77.45%) and mothers: 78(68.42%)] of most of the anaemic girls had primary education. BMI of most of the anaemic girls 83(73.45%) was <18.5. Menarche was seen in 136(68%) girls. Most of the anaemic girls 119(87.5%) had attained menarche. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of anaemia is high in adolescent girls who belongs to a lower middle and lower socioeconomic status. Anaemia is more common in age 10-15 years followed by girls with menarche, lower BMI and family illiteracy. Thus, anaemia is a major health issue in adolescent girls. Hence, regular health check-up camp must be organised in school and Mohalla, in urban as well as rural area for awareness and prevention of anaemia in adolescent girls. So that, proper diagnosis and prompt treatment can be made.
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Akter, S. Pondit C. Salam MA and Rashid MM. "Contribution of fish to animal protein consumption in daily diet." International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (2022): 08–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6349079.
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A comparative study was under taken to know the availability, composition and contribution of fish, beef, mutton, chicken, egg, dal, milk, vegetable, shak and fruits to human health in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and near-by villages in Mymensingh sadar Upazilla. Data were collected purposively from the four group of people like teachers, officers, poor people and male and female students of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh using individual questionnaire interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion (FGD) and individual case study. Secondary data from the Government and non-government organizations and published materials were collected for this study. The data showed that the fish consumption was found to be average 26.76 Kg per capita per year in the study area. Consumption of other protein rich food such as meat, egg and milk were found to be 7.71 Kg, 138 no., and 18.24 liter per capita per year, respectively. Average per capita intake of fish, meat, egg and milk were 73.31 g, 21.12 g, 0.38 no. and 49.97 ml per day respectively. Ninety nine percent respondents of all groups preferred dry fish. The intake of animal protein in the form of fish, egg and milk had increased significantly in the region due to availability, comparatively cheap than the other protein sources and financial ability of the respondents. Among the sources, fish was found to be contributed more in protein consumption than meat, beef, mutton, milk and egg. Protein contribution of fish was 59%. On the other hand, protein contribution of meat, egg and milk were 23.83%, 9.14% and 7.95%, respectively. The study revealed that the expenditure for food was the major part of the total expenditure of the respondent's family, teachers, second class officers, poor people and students spent about 50.23%, 57.22%, 81.29% and 52.76% of the total expenditure on food items, respectively. However, food consumption pattern is closely related to the respondent's income level, their food preference and a1so their educational status.
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Singh, Neetu, and Jyotsna Singh. "Effect of socio demographic and personal factors on infertility and its association with mental health and social support in North Indian population." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 12 (2018): 5088. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184972.
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Background: Motherhood is a bliss in women’s lives and thus infertility is considered as a social stigma. In present study, we measure the effect of socio-demographic and personal factors on infertility as well as the status of social support and mental health in infertile women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 90 infertile women and 90 women in the control group, conducted at Ram Prakash Gupta Memorial Mother and Child State Referral Centre of RMLIMS, Lucknow, India. The questionnaires used were Socio-demographic and personal characteristics, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess mental health, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ). To determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, personal characters, mental health, and social support with infertility, Chi-square test was used.Results: Age, education, and occupation had statistically significant (p<0.05) relation with infertility, high BMI, and caffeine intake also had the significant adverse effect on fertility outcomes (p<0.05). Infertility patients had poor mental health status (higher mean GHQ-12 score 20.8±4.2) and poor perceived social support (lower mean PSSQ score 29.7±7.0).Conclusions: In present study, the socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, social support and mental health status is associated with fertility outcomes. Their modifications have the potential to improve reproductive performances. A structured programme of education, social support, and counselling by specialist health professionals should be formulated to improve the quality of life as well as fertility outcomes in infertile patients.
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Abda, Rezhna, and Shahla Alalaf. "Prevalence rate, perinatal outcome and causes of obstructed labour A hospital based study." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 2 (2024): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2024.15.
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Background and objective: Obstructed labor is a serious intrapartum emergency especially seen in women deprived of modern healthcare delivery. It could be one of the major reasons of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the newborn. This study was aimed at determine the rate, causes and perinatal outcomes of women who have obstructive labor during delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional study that was conducted on 150 delivering women having obstructed labor at Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from 1st of March 2021 to 1st of March 2022 The rate, socio-demographic characters (age, parity, smoking, antenatal care, residency, education level, gestational age), causes like (malposition, malpresntation, cephalo-pelvic desorption) and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Results: of 9137 labor, 150 were obstructed labor; the total rate was 1.6% during the period of the study. There was no statistically significant associated between socio-demographic characters like age, smoking, gestational age, residency, education level, antenatal care and obstructed labor except multiparity that has significant association. There was a significant association between the causes like cephalo-pelvic disproportion, malposition, malprsentation, sized baby and having fracture to spine and pelvis or trauma and obstructed labor. Also there was no statistically significant associated between Apgar score and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Obstructive labor is common during labor. Malposition was most common the cause of obstructive labor and parity has association with it too. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are dependent on the type of presentation.
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Pandve, HarshalT, Gayatri Pathak, and VinayakV Shelat. "Socio-demographic characters, clinical profile and laboratory parameters in malaria cases due Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax: A comparative study." Journal of Medicine in the Tropics 16, no. 2 (2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2276-7096.139056.
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Faridullah, Didar Ahmad, Hina Shabbir, et al. "Socio-demographic characters, distribution and transformation of iodine in soil, plant and wheat grains at District Diamer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 40, no. 2 (2017): 777–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0023-6.
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Tenali, Ravi Kumar, Naveen Kumar Badri, Jithendra Kandati, and Munilakshmi Ponugoti. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in cases of diarrhoea among school children attending a tertiary care hospital: a two year study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (2018): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181505.
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Background: Globally every year 1.7 billion cases of diarrhoea are registered as per the WHO report 2017. Intestinal parasitic infections [IPI] are one of the top ten major public health problems in developing countries with an estimated prevalence of 30-60% in developing countries compared to 3% in developed countries. School age children are the common vulnerable group with the highest prevalence and infection intensities. The objective of the present study is to study the prevalence of parasitic infections in school children as a causative factor for diarrhoea and associated risk factors involved with relation to their hygiene and socio demographic characters.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of two years from January 2015 to December 2016 and stool specimens from the children aged 5-18 years suffering from diarrhoea were screened for parasitic infections following standard guidelines and as per the ethical committee guidelines. The socio demographic characters, risk factors and hygienic characters of the cases were noted from the parents or guardians or children in a separate predesigned questionnaire sheet. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 13 and P value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: T The prevalence of parasitic infections in the Present study was 22.95% and males were more common. 8-11 years was the most common age group and mean age was 11.6±1.8 years. Statistically significant association was found with hand washing before meals, socio economic status, and method of hand washing after defecation. Entamoeba histolytica was the major parasitic pathogen followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Other parasites were Giardia lamblia, Ancylostoma duodenale, Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Enterobius and Trichuris trichura. Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural population.
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Faisal, Asbah, Mabel Waqar, Tatheer Fatima, Meha Fatima Aftab, and Muhammad Athar Khan. "Effect of three months high-intensity anaerobic treadmill-based exercise on intuitive decision-making capability." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 19, no. 3 (2024): 815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/6fm4sk70.
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Background. Quick decision making capability is critical for handling critical situation. Intuitive decision making is most desirable for situations requiring quick and heedful decisions. Decision making, just like other cognitive skills can be modified through several factors like physical activity. In this study we aim to decipher the effects of high-intensity treadmill-based exercise on intuitive ability. Methods. A prospective cohort design with convenience sampling with a sample of 80 participants from various gym centres. Following ethical approval and informed consent, participants were divided in to either no exercise (NE) (n = 38) condition or treadmill-based exercise (TBE) group (n = 42). Data on socio-demographic characters, self-reported mental health history and IDM scores were obtained. Data were obtained at baseline and after 34 sessions of treadmill-based exercise for TBE and 12 weeks of normal physical activity for NE group. Mixed-factor ANOVA, paired t-test and regression analysis was used utilizing SPSS version 21. Results. A significant improvement in IDM scores was observed in TBE group after 34 exercise sessions as compared to NE group (p < .01). A significant interaction of time points and group was also revealed through mixed-factor ANOVA (p < .01). Socio-demographic characters and mental health history had no significant impact on IDM scores. Chi-square analysis of the IDM sub-categories showed a significant increase in intuitive decision making individuals in the TBE group post intervention (p < .01). Conclusion. Exercise training can be used as a potential training tool for improving decision making outcomes in critical settings.
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Bakshi, Lipy, Samira Hoque, Farhana Tanjin, Sukla Dey, and Mithun Bakshi. "Epidemiology of intrauterine fetal death in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital." Bangladesh Medical Journal 45, no. 3 (2017): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v45i3.33123.
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Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and still births is a tragic event for the parents and an important cause of perinatal mortality. This retrospective study study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dhaka National Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to June 2016 with the intention to understand the incidence, socio-epidemiological and etiological factors of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). A total of 1838 pregnancies were studied retrospectively during the study period & out of them 48 were IUFDs. Ante partum and intra partum events leading to fetal demise were recorded, socio-demographic and clinical characters were noted. there were 1838 deliveries . The incidence of prenatal loss was 26 per 1000 live births. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities the rate of IUD is unacceptably high. Socio-cultural background, lack of adequate antenatal care and inaccessible health care are some of the reasons that predispose women to IUFD. Majority of fetal wastage can be prevented with universal and improved antenatal care.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Sep; 45 (3): 131-133
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P., L. Sawant. "FISHERMEN AROUND MAKANI RESERVOIR, MAHARASHTRA SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 2, no. 17 (2022): 181–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7053445.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <em>Production of fish from reservoir waters can be increased through scientific sharing of fish production practices. Adoption of this approach will have the effect of promoting the socio-economic status of the related rural population by providing employment opportunities to them. Proper utilization of reservoir water resources will increase national fish production. Although many reservoirs are available in the country, they are not utilized for the development of fisheries, aimed at welfare and development of fisher communities to improve their economic standards. The socio – economic status of reservoir -dependent fishermen can be studied by using certain parameters such as their dwelling places and ownerships, educational status, kind of occupation as fishermen, full or part time, age, experience in fisheries, training, total family income, expenditure, sources of fishery-related information etc. In fisheries, social status of fishers is relatable to interactions with each other, either as individuals or as groups. This form of interaction is related to socio-economics of the concerned, regarded as depicting their relative status in the line. Socioeconomics are a common combination encountered in the field of planning and developmental work. Socio -economic studies begin with a detailed description of socio- demographic characters of population.</em>
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Janoskova, Katarina, and Pavol Kral. "Perception of selected sportswear brands with emphasis on expected benefits and features as prerequisite for customer satisfaction." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401008.
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Brand management has an important role in strengthening the loyalty of current customers as well as in attracting new customers. The product brand largely influences consumer buying behaviour. Many customers prefer branded products to non-branded goods in general, while others prefer branded products only when buying some kinds of products. This research is focused on analysis of perception of selected brands of sportswear (Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Under Armour, Puma, Asics, Umbro, Fila, Crivit, Quiksilver) by Slovak customers with an emphasis on expected benefits and features that are expected after buying preferred sportswear brand. The aim of research is to analyse the relationship between selected socio-demographic characters of Slovak citizens (age, gender, economic status, net monthly income, education) and their expected benefits of selected sportswear brands (happiness, lifestyle, attention, finding friend, increasing of social status). The relationship between selected factors was tested on a sample of 2002 respondents from Slovak republic. Information on perception of sportswear brand has been obtained through a survey. The results of the survey were evaluated using appropriate mathematical-statistical methods (correlation analysis, testing of statistical hypotheses). The assumption of a significant impact of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents on the expected benefits was confirmed partially.
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Ramaiah, Radha, and Srividya Jayarama. "Knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical cancer among rural married women: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (2018): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181218.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in females worldwide. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice related to cervical cancer and its screening among women of reproductive age group in a rural area of Karnataka and to find the association between socio-demographic characters and knowledge, attitude and practice related to cervical cancer.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 200 married women of reproductive age group residing in Javarnahalli, a rural field practice area of AIMS, Karnataka. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of four parts to gather information regarding socio-demographic characteristics of participants, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cervical cancer and its screening. Institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent from study participants were taken.Results: 64% study participants were not aware of the early symptoms of cervical cancer. Around 34.5% had heard of cervical cancer screening. 76.2% women were willing to screened if offered free of cost. But only 9.5% women had ever been screened for cervical cancer.Conclusions: Strategic communication targeting eligible women, universal availability of screening facilities in public health facilities may increase the uptake of cervical screening.
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Kumar Sahu, Prafull, and Arun Kumar. "Nutritional Assessment among Tribal Population of Gram Panchayat – Umariya Dadar, of District Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 5, no. 2 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.5219.2.
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The nutrition is essential to ensure healthy growth, strong immune system, neurological, cognitive development and proper organ formation and function among individual. The present study aims to assess the nutritional status among male tribal population of gram panchayat-Umariya Dadar, Bilaspur. To fulfill the objective of the present study subject were randomly selected individuals and measured for anthropometric characters and interviewed for the socio-demographic status. Worldwide nutritional assessment indicator body mass index used to assess the level of nutrition. The One Way ANOVAs test shows that the average value of somatometric measurements statistically different in-between age group. Among them, there are significant age and tribe differences found between nutritional statuses.
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Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot, Mohammed Faez Baobaid, Anis Rageh Al-Maleki, et al. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS DENGUE FEVER AMONG PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL TAIPING." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 17, no. 3 (2017): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.223.
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Dengue fever is the most common vector-borne disease and major concern issues in Malaysia. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate factors influencing knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding dengue fever among patients in Hospital Taiping. A total of 300 patients were incorporated into a descriptive, public based cross-sectional study. The questionnaires were formulated to include several questions on demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning dengue fever. Most of the respondents were from the age group of more than 35 (43.3%). The largest representations of the participants were Malay (59.3%), married (65.7%), SPM is the highest education level (53.3%), and 60.7% of the participants were conscious about dengue fever eruption. Television/radio was voted as the frequent source of information (97.3%). There is no significant relationship between knowledge score and socio-demographic factors. However, around 57.0% of the respondents believe that abdominal pain is not a symptom of dengue fever and 32% convinced that blood transfusion can transmit dengue. No significant correlation was found between attitude and practice score to socio-demographic characters. However, a good practice towards dengue fever is associated with good knowledge (65.4 %) nevertheless it did not influence their attitude. Moreover, the attitude seems to be poor regardless of knowledge level (44.0%). Therefore, more prevention practices to raise the awareness of population toward dengue fever such as health campaigns and health education in school level should be initiated. These activities will aid in fertilizing better attitude and prevention practice towards dengue fever and bring down its incidence in Malaysia.
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Owusu, Edmund, Charles Kwoseh, Enoch Osekre, Emmanuel Duku, Barnabas Adongo, and Eric Gyasi. "Fusarium Wilt Disease of Eggplant: Farmers’ Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Farming History, Awareness and Perception in Major Eggplant Growing Areas of Ghana." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2023): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.7.1.1102.
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Fusarium wilt disease cause losses to eggplants in many parts of Ghana. However, information about farmers’ appreciation and management of the disease is limited. In this study, farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics, farming history, awareness and perception of Fusarium Wilt disease of eggplants in some major eggplant growing areas in the Ashanti, Eastern and Volta Regions of Ghana were determined. Purposive sampling method was used to select major eggplant producing communities and snowball technique was employed to identify eggplant farmers. A structured questionnaire aided with pictures of Fusarium infected eggplant was used to inquire for information from750 farmers in the three regions; 250 from each region and 50 from each of the 5 communities selected in each region. The farmers on the three regions had similar socio-demographic characters and knowledge of Fusarium wilt disease of eggplants. Farmers were mostly within the age group of 30 year to 50 years and 63% of them had formal education. Land preparation was mainly manual, except for some part of the Volta region that used tractors. Mixed cropping with other vegetables and crop rotation with cereals was most practiced. Farmer selected seeds were the major planting materials. Wilt symptoms was a common observation of farmers in all the regions. However, majority were oblivious of the cause and source of the disease and therefore were unable to apply appropriate management methods. Farmers could not estimate losses caused by Fusarium wilt disease and therefore were not keen on management methods.
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Acasandre, Andreea, and Diana Bancov. "Investigating Age and Gender Stereotypes." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Political Sciences & European Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenpses/6.1/17.
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This research focuses on the presence of stereotypes regarding age and gender, using as case study the book Cities for people, by Jan Gehl. Recognized worldwide as one of the most important supporters for the rapprochement of the public urban space towards its citizens, Jan Gehl dedicated most of his career to the importance of the human factor in the planning of cities. This study represents a content analysis of the ways in which the characters from the Cities for people book are being presented according to gender and age. The research represents a quantitative analysis of all the images in the book, comprising individuals or groups of people (collective characters) involved in different types of actions. The results of the study highlight an a relatively equal presence of both genders (48.8% feminine characters and 51.2% masculine characters). Most of the images present individual characters, which gives us the opportunity to clearly see their general image, socio-demographic characteristics (relative age and gender) or carried actions. However, there is a significant percentage of nearly 21% of the images in which the characters are presented as part of a crowd, as collective characters, which causes an increased degree of un-individualization. Even in these cases, non the less, there can be frequently observed a relatively homogeneous mass of people, most of them male adults. The biggest discrepancy highlighted by the study of the images of this book is with regard to the distribution of the main age categories (children, adolescents, adults and seniors). When it comes to these categories, Cities for people gives a greater attention to the adults, a category of people which is present in nearly 50% of the images. The other 50% is divided between children, adolescents and seniors, the most disadvantaged of them being, surprisingly, the children’s category (present in only 12.1% of the images).
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Mondal, Dinabandhu, and Sucharita Sen. "Methodological Dimensions of Delineating Peri-urban Areas: The Case of Kolkata Metropolis." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 2 (2020): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938519.
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In the past few decades, due to urbanization and spatial expansion of cities beyond their municipal boundaries, complex interactions between the city and its surrounding rural areas have occurred, resulting in the formation of peri-urban spaces or zones of transition. There is a plurality of definitions for these peri-urban spaces, due to their diverse character in terms of land and water use, livelihood shifts, demographic and social transitions. Most peri-urban areas, specifically those around large metropolitan cities, are increasingly assuming complex characters, which call for governance structures beyond rural–urban binaries. For any administrative intervention of a serious nature in peri-urban areas, a standard methodology for demarcation of these spaces is required. This article is an attempt to develop and apply such a methodology beyond the existing ones, using government sources of data, in the case of Kolkata Metropolis. This article uses socio-economic and land-use characteristics to achieve this objective. It finds that peri-urban spaces do not necessarily develop uniformly around the city; instead, they are fragmented and could be located both near or relatively far from urban areas.
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Solina, Anna V. "Fiction Writers and Fiction Readers as Participants of the Literary Process: to the Creation of a Social Psychological Portrait." Sphere of culture 5, no. 1 (2024): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.48164/2713-301x_2024_15_95.
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At the current stage, the definition of the specifics of fandom participants’ activity in composing and reading fan fiction is of particular importance for reading infrastructure institutions. The study contains data from a survey of 74 authors (fiction writers) and 153 active readers of fan fiction (fiction readers), as a result of which a relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of participants in popular fandoms and their reading pReferences has been established. The reasons for the interest in reading and writing fan fiction, as well as the features of the plots and characters of literary works significant for the participants in fandoms have been revealed. This enables the institutions, constituting the reading infrastructure, primarily educational institutions and libraries, to find the most effective practices to stimulate the reading activity of young people.
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Sundaramurthy, Raja, Sasikala Kathiresan, Sriandaal Venkateshvaran, and Surya Kannan. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of post-natal exercises among post-natal women from a tertiary care centre, South India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (2020): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201026.
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Background: Stressful puerperal period and its complications can be prevented by adequate care, proper diet and exercises. Though studies have indicated post-natal exercises (PNE) is helpful in reducing the effect of perineal muscle weakness, many women are unaware of its full benefits. This study is planned to know the knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE in post-natal mothers.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology for 3 months (November 2019 to January 2020). 160 post-natal women were enrolled with convenient sampling. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric details, source of information, knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE.Results: A total 58.8% of this study participants revealed health care professions were the commonest source of information. More than half of them had adequate knowledge but still many were not aware of full benefits of PNE as only 3-5% aware of other benefits like prevention of urinary incontinence. 98.8% of the women’s felt PNE is essential and 62.5% felt household work hinder them doing. 92.5% said they will emphasize the importance of PNE to others. No significant correlation found between socio-demographic characters and knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE.Conclusions: Though most of the study population had adequate knowledge and positive attitude, household activities were the commonest barrier in doing PNE. Educating and creating awareness among family members is essential to improve the adherence. Continuing influence by health care workers during antenatal and postnatal period will be the key for improving adherence.
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Filippini, Rosalia, Maria Elena Marescotti, Eugenio Demartini, and Anna Gaviglio. "Social Networks as Drivers for Technology Adoption: A Study from a Rural Mountain Area in Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229392.
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Innovation processes includes social and communicative elements. The role of innovative technology for the development of farming systems is investigated in literature, but only a few studies deal with the influence of networks on the adoption of technologies by farmers. The aim of this paper is to verify if the adoption of smartphones for professional reasons by farmers is influenced by the networks to which farmers belong, the socio-demographic characteristics of the farmers, and their farm’s size. The case study is in the Valtellina valley, a rural mountain area in the north of Italy, where 53 livestock farmers were interviewed. The methodology is based on two steps. First, social network analysis is applied to diagnose the relationships of farmers in terms of connectivity and closeness and to detect the centrality measures of farmers in three different social relationships: production networks, market networks, and information exchange networks. A multiple linear regression model is then applied to test whether centrality measures of the three networks, the farmers’ socio-demographic characters, and the farm’s features drive the adoption of smartphones for professional reasons. Results suggest that the centrality measures in production networks positively drive the adoption of smartphones, while the centrality measures of market and information exchange networks do not have the same effect. At the same time, the farmers’ age negatively affects the use of smartphones for professional reasons, while the size of the herd, and the education and gender of farmers have no significant influence. The study contributes to the debate around the Agricultural Knowledge Innovation System and supports local policies based on the inclusion of farmers in the technological development in rural areas.
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Karan Gade, Meeta Vashi, Anish Sinha, Shyam Pingle, and Mangala Gomare. "Awareness about COVID-19 vaccine, its acceptance and hesitancy among the urban slum & non-slum population of Dharavi in Mumbai, India." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (2023): 031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.14.2.0046.
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Background: Vaccine apprehension poses a risk to global public health. Since an enormous global initiative was underway to create a vaccine to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about its acceptance in India. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine-related awareness, acceptance and non-acceptance of current and potential vaccines can aid in the development of strategies to improve the national mass vaccination programme. This study aims to determine vaccine related awareness, acceptance & awareness among Dharavi (Slum & Non-Slum) population of Mumbai for COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. Total 384 participants were surveyed, among them 192 were from Dharavi slum & 192 from Dharavi non-slum area. Responses to the questionnaire using Google form was filled in the field itself, by doing house to house survey using convenience sampling. Data on socio-demographic characters, COVID-19 vaccine awareness, acceptance & non-acceptance was collected. Results: Overall, out of 384 participants, 227 (59.1%) were having poor or very poor awareness & 157 (40.9%) were having average or above average awareness related to COVID-19 vaccines. Out of 192 slum residents 118 (61.5 %) & out of 192 residents of non-slum 132 (68.8%) were willing to get vaccinated & the difference is not statistically significant. Overall, out of 384 participants of Dharavi 250 (65.1%) were showing vaccine acceptance & 134 (34.9%) participants were showing vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Proportion of awareness & acceptance for COVID-19 vaccine varies & interlinked with socio-demographic characteristics like gender, educational level, religion & area of residency of the study population. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was found to have significant association with awareness.
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Prabhakaran, S., SD Priya, and Kannan A. Muthuraman. "IJCM_368A: Knowledge, attitude and practice on organ donation among college students in madurai district, Tamil Nadu - a cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (2024): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract368.
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Background: The mainstay treatment for end-stage organ disease is transplantation as it improves the quality of life for organ recipients1. Though National Organ Transplant Programme is functioning well, the number of end stage organ deaths stands at 500000/year. Hence the need of present study conducted among students as they serve as health messengers for any Public Health Programme to succeed. Objective: 1. To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] on Organ Donation among College students, Madurai district. 2. To determine association between Socio-Demographic characters like Gender, Age, Religion with Knowledge and Attitude on Organ Donation among the study population. Methodology: This Cross-sectional study on organ donation was conducted among 550 Arts College students in Madurai District from September to October 2023 using Multi stage Sampling and Sample size was estimated by using Kinge A et al3. After obtaining informed consent, study population was interviewed using Semi Structured Questionnaire containing 4 sections including KAP and Socio Demographic Profile. For positive questions, each Correct answer was given 1 mark and incorrect answer as 0. Reverse Scoring was assigned to Negative Questions. Data entered in Excel and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 19.57± 2.9 with males 44.54% and Females 55.45%. Hindus were 85.27%, Muslims 6% and Christians 8.72%. Out of 550 Participants, 40.36%(n=222) had adequate Knowledge with mean score of 5.08 ± 0.53, 90.81% (n=505) had Positive attitude, 5 %(n=28) had taken pledge. Chi-square showed statistically significance between Knowledge and Age, gender Conclusion: Regular IEC activities and inclusion of Organ donation as a part of education curriculum are needed to further improve awareness.
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Kim, Yoon Kyung, Dongmee Lee, and Ju Hee Park. "What Do Mothers Consider When Choosing Screen Media Programs for Their Infants?" Family and Environment Research 60, no. 1 (2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2022.008.
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This study aimed to understand what factors the mothers of infants consider to be important when choosing screen media programs for their children, and to investigate whether those features differ according to maternal socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, employment status, and family income). The study participants comprised 948 mothers who were the primary caregivers and had at least one child aged 4-6. They were asked to select three of the following aspects as critical criteria for determining if a given screen media program is appropriate for infants: (a) contents suitable to the child’s developmental level, (b) behaviors of characters, (c) appearance of characters, (d) visual aspects of program, (e) duration of screen media program, (f) whether the screen media program includes instructive contents, and (g) whether the program leads to opportunities for conversations among family members and activities with children. Multiple response frequency analysis and multiple response cross-analysis were used to analyze the mothers’ responses. The results revealed that the majority of the mothers reported that ‘contents suitable to the child’s developmental level’ represented the first-ranked criterion for selecting screen media programs for their child, which was followed by ‘behaviors of characters,’ and ‘whether the screen media program includes instructive contents.’ However, such criteria for screen media programs for infants differed according to maternal age, education level, employment status, and family income. These outcomes suggest that different information needs to be provided based on maternal characteristics in order to help mothers determine the quality of screen media programs for their infants.
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Karan, Gade, Vashi Meeta, Sinha Anish, Pingle Shyam, and Gomare Mangala. "Awareness about COVID-19 vaccine, its acceptance and hesitancy among the urban slum & non-slum population of Dharavi in Mumbai, India." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (2023): 031–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7928076.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Vaccine apprehension poses a risk to global public health. Since an enormous global initiative was underway to create a vaccine to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about its acceptance in India. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine-related awareness, acceptance and non-acceptance of current and potential vaccines can aid in the development of strategies to improve the national mass vaccination programme. This study aims to determine vaccine related awareness, acceptance & awareness among Dharavi (Slum & Non-Slum) population of Mumbai for COVID-19 vaccine. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. Total 384 participants were surveyed, among them 192 were from Dharavi slum & 192 from Dharavi non-slum area. Responses to the questionnaire using Google form was filled in the field itself, by doing house to house survey using convenience sampling. Data on socio-demographic characters, COVID-19 vaccine awareness, acceptance & non-acceptance was collected. <strong>Results:</strong> Overall, out of 384 participants, 227 (59.1%) were having poor or very poor awareness & 157 (40.9%) were having average or above average awareness related to COVID-19 vaccines. Out of 192 slum residents 118 (61.5 %) & out of 192 residents of non-slum 132 (68.8%) were willing to get vaccinated & the difference is not statistically significant. Overall, out of 384 participants of Dharavi 250 (65.1%) were showing vaccine acceptance & 134 (34.9%) participants were showing vaccine hesitancy. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Proportion of awareness & acceptance for COVID-19 vaccine varies & interlinked with socio-demographic characteristics like gender, educational level, religion & area of residency of the study population. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was found to have significant association with awareness.
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Dr., Shahid Imam. "Trends of Population Growth in North Bihar Plain." International Journal of Arts and Social Science 3, no. 4 (2023): 301–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7726634.
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In this research paper we will examine the trend of population growth in North Bihar Plain, as against state of Bihar, and will also project growth of population in future up to 2051.This will also try to find out the reasons behind the phenomenal growth of population in the study area. North Bihar is a plain region which has been formed due to deposition of sediments brought down by different rivers originating from Himalayan region and peninsular India, and because of this it is very fertile land, prone to flood, almost every year, which causes huge loss of human lives, property, agriculture and other infrastructure. Agriculture is the main economic activity of the study area, especially of the food crops, in which paddy is the main crop. After Utter Pradesh and Maharashtra, Bihar is the third most populous state in the country, accounting for a total population of 104099452 with a density of 1106 persons per square kilometer. Growth of population is associated with a variety of demographic, socio-cultural factors, and, therefore, it reflects the prevailing dynamism of demographic characters in the study area. The density of population of North Bihar is not only greater than the density of Bihar, but it is much higher than the density of national average, which is going to be the greatest problem in near future.
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Withanage, ND, S. Perera, H. Peiris, S. Prathapan, and LV Athiththan. "Regression Model for Socio-demographic, Behavioural and Occupational Risk Factors in Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) and Lumbar Disc Degeneration (LDHD)-In Comparison to Apparently Healthy Subjects." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 4 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i4.352.
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Objective: Present study was aimed to develop a regression model for selected sociodemographic, behavioural and occupational factors with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar disc hearniation and degeneration (LDHD) in a selected population in comparison to healthy individuals.Materials & Methods: The study was conducted using 104 cases with disc herniation and controls (n=104) without LDH. Analysis was conducted in sub groups of patients with LDH (n=67) and LDHD (n=37) in comparison to control subjects. Pre-tested questionnaire was administered to all participants to gather information.Results & Discussion: Among the cases 35.6 % presented with LDHD while 64.4 % had only LDH. Among the socio-demographic characters, body mass index <25 kgm-2 was a significant protective factor for both LDHD (OR=0.31; 95% CI=0.13-0.72) and LDH (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.20-0.77). Involvement in daily activities with heavy (OR=5.1; 95 % CI=2.1-11.8) and moderate strain (OR=3.1; 95 % CI=1.5-6.6) to back, sitting more than eight hours per day (OR=5.1; 95 % CI=1.0-25.7), smoking (OR=5.0; 95 % CI=1.5-16.4) and sleeping in supine position (OR=2.09; 95% CI=1.09-4.06) were significant risk factors for LDH. Only daily physical activities with heavy strain act as a significant risk factor (OR=3.1; 95 % CI=1.1-8.5) for the development of LDHD. Types of mattresses used did not have a significant difference among cases and controls. Majority of cases (56.7 %) did not know the causative factor that led to LDH. According to the regression model, BMI, smoking and involvement in physical activities with moderate and heavy strain to back were considered as significant risk factors for the development of LDH or LDHD.Conclusion: In regression model BMI, smoking and daily physical activities with moderate and heavy strain to back were found to be the significant risk factors for development of LDH or LDHD.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 424-434
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Ponnan, Sathasivam, N. Mareeswaran, Thalha ., and T. Tamizhan. "Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the doctors working in a private medical college, Trichy- a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (2020): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204737.
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Background: Stress is one among the leading health problem throughout the world. Stress due to family problems and work related are often encountered. Among the various professionals, health care providers are found to be more depressed than others. This study was conducted with an objective to study the socio demographic characters of the study participants, to study the depression status of the study participants and to study the association between various factors and depression.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study done among the doctors working in a tertiary teaching hospital. A total of 150 participants were included in this study. Simple random sampling method was used to identify the study participants.Results: Around 76% of the participants belongs to the age group of 20-30 years of age. 71.3% of the study population were junior residents. Nearly 64% were found to be depressed among which 8% were found to be on severely depressed. Statistical significant association was found between factors like designation and time spending with family with depression.Conclusions: Since stress and burnout became the leading mental health problems, and health care providers posing as a vulnerable group by virtue of their profession. Hence behavioral therapy sessions and stress management programs are to be conducted frequently to screen as well to relieve from the mental health issues.
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Nurdiani, Nina. "The Characteristics of Residents at Low Cost Housing in Jakarta - Indonesia and their Culture to Green Principles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.105.
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Low cost housing in Jakarta – Indonesia is provided by the government for low-income people in urban areas, in line with the program to redevelop or renew slum areas or densely populated neighborhoods for supporting sustainable living environment in urban area. Sustainable living environment will be achived if people who live in low cost housing have the culture which support and apply green principles. The purpose of research is to give knowledge about the change of life-cycle and life stage of low-income people as the first residents as long as they stay in vertical housing, and their culture to green principles. The research objectives are to determine the characteristics of residents as urban people and the factors which influenced, to know how their culture to apply green principles. The research was conducted at four low cost housing in Jakarta. The results showed that currently the families still have characters as informal-traditional, nuclear family and extended family. The residents generally are as employee or entrepreneur in informal sector, and still as low income family. Demographic, socio-culture, and economic are the factors which influenced life-cycle and life stage of low-income people as urban society. People who live in low cost housing still have traditional culture which support to green principles.
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Bakoš, Eduard, Daniel Němec, Filip Hrůza, and Troy Mix. "Emerging Topics on Inter-municipal Cooperation in the Czech Republic: Policy Networking, Regionalization and Financial Indicators." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, no. 3 (2020): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.3.579-602(2020).
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Inter-municipal cooperation is not solely about the cooperation of two or more municipalities. Professional networking or another kind of membership or cooperation could be also positive incentives for strengthening municipal cooperation. Czech Republic belongs to countries where there is not only one national professional association of municipalities with regional structures and this could offer the questions about their influence on inter-municipal cooperation. In this paper we use data from a full sample of Czech municipalities to reveal the role of variables including professional networking activity, regional structures and financial conditions on the existence or development of municipal cooperation. The results of regression analyses provide indistinct explanations. Membership in one national association increases the probability that the municipality will begin or sustain membership in a voluntary association of municipalities (VAM), while membership in another association tends to decrease the probability for engagement in VAM. Since the distribution of municipalities in the territory is not uniform, and individual municipalities have different socio-demographic and territorial characters, we decided to explore the basic characteristics of the municipality such as non-financial and financial indicators. Further, for small municipalities, we were not able to verify the hypothesis that they would be more likely to cooperate due to lack of resources or more adverse financial conditions.
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Keban, Sesilia Andriani, Syamsudin Abdillah, and Najuah Najuah. "THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN EVALUATING AND INTERVENING THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEUROPATHY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.14796.
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Diabetic neuropathies is the presence of and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunctions in people with diabetes after the exclusion of other causes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, to evaluate the score of neuropathy, and also to determine the effect of pharmacist intervention towards diabetic neuropathy patients at Gatot Soebroto Hospital Jakarta in 2013. Data about socio-demographic characters, age, duration of diabetic, blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle BMI and smoking were collected. Pharmacist intervention was given to increase patient information about diabetic neuropathy and its risks factors. There were 59 respondents involved in this study. It can be found that 15.3% respondents had mild diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had moderate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had severe diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and as much as 81,4% respondents had no neuropathy. There was a correlation (but not statistically significant) between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its' risks factors such as ages, duration of diabetes, sex, cardiovascular disease (hypertension, cardiac disease)and lifestyle(smoking habit and body mass index). Pharmacist intervention showed an increase on the patients knowledge about diabetic neuropathy and also a significant decrease on the patient's blood glucose level (P˂0,05).Keywords : diabetic neuropathy, pharmacist role, prevalence, score, risk factors, blood glucose.
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Manju Pandey, Dr Damodar Tiwari, and Nirmal Lamichhane. "Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer and their treatment outcome in BPKMCH." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v3i2.382.
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Background: There are few studies on endometrial carcinoma in Nepal so present study aims to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of endometrial cancer patients along with their treatment outcome.
 Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted from January 2011 to December 2020 and all patients of endometrial carcinoma who had undergone primary surgery at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, histologic type, treatment modalities and outcomes were obtained and analyzed.
 Results: The mean age was found to be 58 8.32 years. Most were postmenopausal accounting for 86%. Medical co-morbidities were associated in 40% of patients. Most common presentation was postmenopausal bleeding seen in 68% of patients. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done in 48% of patients. The main histologic type was endometrioid carcinoma observed in 96% of patients. Low grade carcinoma was found in 78% of patients out of which grade 1 accounting for 50% and rest grade 2 while high grade carcinoma was found 22% of patients. 64% of patients required adjuvant therapy. Recurrence was seen in 16% of patients.
 Conclusions: Endometrial carcinoma is common in post menopausal age group. Endometrioid variety is the commonest histologic type. Clinicopathologic characters of endometrial carcinoma affect the prognosis of the patient.
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Hulathduwa, S. R., A. R. S. V. Bandara, and Aloysius M. D. "A STUDY ON ASSAULT CASES ADMITTED TO COLOMBO SOUTH TEACHING HOSPITAL-SRI LANKA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 5 (2021): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i5.2021.3932.
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Assault cases are commonly encountered in the day to day life of a Judicial Medical Officer or an Accident Service Surgeon. Most of the admissions to the Accident Service Unit of any major hospital in almost anywhere in the world are due to accidents and assaults. Accidents are preventable disasters and there are major organizations whose main role is to draw strategies and plans to prevent accidents. On the other hand, assaults are always man-made and the underlying factors are very different from those of accidents. Assaults are a serious health and economic burden in a country. Additionally, there are socio-economic, religious, ethnic, cultural and legal issues intermingled with the broad picture of ‘assaults’. Very few studies have been done in depth about assaults in the recent past which cover the multiple aspect of the issue. Even the conclusions drawn from the most extensive study on this subject may become obsolete and dilapidated after few years, as the patterns of wounding and the methods and trends are changing constantly across the globe. This justifies the necessity of continuous research by different authorities to this ever-changing subject. This study discusses certain demographic characters of victims, assailants, contributory factors and legal implications of assaults.
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Vij, P. K., and M. S. Tantia. "Status of Nili Ravi buffaloes in India." Animal Genetic Resources Information 37 (April 2005): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000198x.
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SummaryNili Ravi buffaloes are native to the Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. A systematic survey was conducted in this area to study the socio-economic status of the farmers, and the demographic distribution and breed characteristics of Nili Ravi buffaloes. The majority of the farmers surveyed (84%) kept buffaloes. About 34 % of buffalo farmers were landless. Average land holdings were 1.50 hectares. Animals were provided with separate houses. The buffaloes were tied most of the time and fed chaffed fodder. Natural service was mainly practiced for the breeding of animals. Very few buffaloes had typical Nili Ravi characters (all extremities white). Most of the Nili Ravi type buffaloes now available have white markings on the forehead and hind legs only, and some have wall eyes i.e. eyes with a whitish iris. Average daily milk yield was 6.67 kg in a lactation period of 8–9 months. Nili Ravi type buffaloes constituted only 10.8 %, 8.7 % and 14 % of total buffaloes surveyed in Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts, respectively. The estimated population of these buffaloes was about 0.2 million. The population of Nili Ravi is declining because of the non-availability of typical Nili Ravi bulls and non-marketability of Nili Ravi type (2–3 white extremities) animals.
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Viswambharan, Jaya Koothupalakkal, Thomas Bina, and Lucy Raphael. "Prevalence and determinants of obesity among adolescent school children of North Kerala." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (2020): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203391.
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Background: Obesity has emerged as one of the major health problems in recent years. This increasing prevalence has implications in health issues in later parts of life. Life style factors and diet practices are the attributed factors to the development of obesity.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 1011 adolescent school children in Kozhikode corporation area, Kerala, South India after getting necessary permissions. A semi structured questionnaire which contained questions related to socio demographic characters, diet, physical activity and other known risk factors of obesity in adolescents was administered.Results: 76.8% of the study subjects were of normal weight, while 15.5% were underweight (thinness- 9% and severe thinness- 6.5%). 1.9% were obese and 5.8% were overweight. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.7%. Nuclear family, better family education, better SES, skipping breakfast and consumption of more sweets were associated with obesity.Conclusions: Preventive and promotive measures to reduce the burden of obesity needs to be initiated from early childhood and must be insisted to the family members also. School based lifestyles and behavioural change measures, encouraging school teachers to actively participate in these measures, active involvement of school children in regular sports activities, periodic anthropometric assessment and intervention when needed along with sensitization of parents towards the consequences of obesity are some of the measures to prevent the rising epidemic.
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Fahiem, Reham Ahmed, and Lamis H. Mekkawy. "A New Perspective of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Associated With Delayed Language Development: An Egyptian Sample." Psychiatry Investigation 19, no. 3 (2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0232.
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Objective The current study aimed to get an easy objective method to detect attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by investigating the simple inflammatory blood ratios platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PRL), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) & the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), for the sake of receiving early management to such cases and overcoming language affection as a comorbid symptom.Methods This study was conducted on two groups: Group 1 (SG) consisted of 70 ADHD children who had delayed language development (DLD), freshly diagnosed, according to DSM-V criteria, and those patients were not on medical treatment. Group 2 healthy group (HG) consisted of 44 healthy control normal children that were both physically and mentally free of the same socio-demographic characters of the first group.Results The PLR, NLR and MLR, were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the healthy control group (HG) group, although the simple blood indices were average.Conclusion Inflammation has a role as a comorbid cause of ADHD. Simple blood inflammatory mediators may be used as comorbid factors in ADHD. This study explained that the language abilities must be taken in consideration when assessing children with ADHD. The screening tools for inflammatory markers are important when dealing with ADHD children with/ without delayed language development (DLD). Also, working memory assessment is mandatory in ADHD with DLD to assign a special program in language therapy for each child.
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Jain, Manish, Mayank Jain, Vinod Kumar, Kapil Garg, Asif A. Qureshi, and Ravi Khichar. "Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan." Healthline 12, no. 1 (2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline_175_2020.
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Introduction: The school going age is a formative period, both physically as well as mentally. Poor health status in school aged children is among the causes of poor class performance and high absenteeism. Objectives: to assess the health and nutritional status of the school going children in urban area and to determine the association of health problems with age and gender. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in government schools of urban field practice area of tertiary care institute, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Study was carried out among 2193 students in four government schools. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characters and their health profile. A detailed clinical examination was done from head to toe for every child. Weight and height were measured. Data was entered into the Microsoft Excel 10. Chi square test of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Most common health problem was dental caries (15.0%) followed by refractive errors (13.1%) and pallor (12.6%). Proportions of pallor and refractive error were significantly increased with increase in age of study participants. 16.8% of the students were found to be having thinness. Moderate stunting was present in 7.3% students. Conclusion: Dental caries, refractive errors and pallor were the common morbidities. A significant proportion of school children were undernourished.
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Sapkota, Narayan, Pankaj Kumar Yadav, and Saroj Sapkota. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RICE PRODUCTION IN RAUTAHAT DISTRICT OF NEPAL." Food and Agri Economics Review 1, no. 1 (2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2021.01.09.
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Study was conducted to analyze the production economics, socioeconomic status, potential and problems of rice in Rautahat district. Total 80 farmers were selected by simple random sampling method. Respondents were categorized into small and large scale based on the average land holding under rice cultivation. Result of socio demographic characters showed that the average household size and area under rice cultivation was 7.3 and 35.44 Katha respectively. Human labor was the major input used along with others viz. seed, tillage, FYM and chemical fertilizer and pesticides, irrigation in both large and small farms. The production per household (kg) and productivity (t/ha) were 4458.965 kg, 3.64t/ha respectively and there was significant difference in production (kg) per household between small scale farms (1811 kg) and large scale farms (7863.4 kg). The total average cost, gross revenue and gross margin per hectare were estimated as NPR.108214.79, NPR.120227.04 and NPR.12012.25 respectively. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.11. Cobb Douglas production function presented the inputs; human labor, tillage, FYM chemical and pesticides and irrigation were found to have positive relationship with income while other cost (mainly transportation cost) was found to have negative relation with the total income. The return to scale value was computed to be 0.96 indicating decreasing return to scale in rice production in Rautahat district. Therefore, the findings suggest that, the production and income can be maximized by efficiently solving problems of quality inputs and others mentioned.
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Al-Mfrgi, Faiz Ali, and Maan Hasan Salih. "Assessment of Some Biometrics and Biochemical Parameters in Migraine Patients." Journal of Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Human Diseases, no. 43 (April 1, 2024): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpdmhd.43.9.17.
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Background: Migraine is a pulsating and recurrent headache in one or both side. It may be caused by induce of nerves in the brain blood vessels walls and its associates with photophobia. Objectives: Measure of Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), serum calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) in migraine patients. Methods: This study performed on 94 persons (64 migraine: 30 control), who visited Al-Duloya General Hospital, Tikrit Educational Hospital, and neurological clinics in Al-Duloya and Tkrit. Also it contains visiting participants to their homes in Salahaddin in Iraq. A socio-demographic characters, length, weight, and BP taken directly. 3-5ml blood sampled for obtaining serum. Biochemical tests analyzed by spectrophotometer in Central laboratory of Tikrit University. The study period extended from 30-7-2023 to 27-9-2023. GraphPrism9 program and T-test used for statistical analysis. Results: Patient age was 34.9(16-63) year. Higher percentages reported in female (79.6%) and family history (68.7%). BMI (29.1±5.5), (27.6±5.3) kg/m2, systolic BP (11.7±1.2), (11.5±1.1), and diastolic BP (7.5±0.8), (7.2±1.0) Cm.Hg, show non-significant elevation in migraine compare with control respectively. Mg reveals significant decrease (1.7±0.7), (2.1±0.6), but Ca (7±0.5), (7.3±0.7) and Iron (82±57), (90±52) mg/dL reveal non-significant decrease in migraine compare with control respectively. Conclusions: BMI and BP show non-significant elevation. While Mg reveals significant decrease, Ca and Iron reveal non-significant decrease in patients.
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Nigar, Asma. "Awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and screening methods among women attending a tertiary hospital in Lucknow, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (2017): 5592. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175287.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancers among women worldwide after breast cancer. It is the only cancer in which early diagnosis of precancerous lesions can be done by a very simple and sensitive test that is, paps test. Knowledge of the women about cervical cancer risk factors and awareness about its screening are the key factors that may decrease the mortality and morbidity caused by cancer cervix. Most of the cases of cervical cancer in India are diagnosed very late, because of lack of awareness about risk factors and screening methods, resulting in fatal outcome. So, this study was done to assess the knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer, and paps smear test for its screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 18-55 years, attending Gynaecology Out-Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. Information about their knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of its prevention and their socio demographic characters were collected by a questionnaire.Results: Majority (47%) of the females were in 26-35 years of age. (81.5%) were from rural background. 88% women were not aware of cervical cancer and its risk factors. 6.5% women were aware of the paps test. 8% were aware of probability of early diagnosis. Majority (98.5%) were not aware of vaccination as prevention for cervical cancer.Conclusions: Present study population shows very poor knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and is unaware of the concept of prevention. Hence extensive health education to the public is needed regarding cervical cancer and its prevention.
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Sonkar, Venkatramana K., Ismailali F. Inamdar, and Rambhau D. Gadekar. "Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women attending Immuno-Prophylaxis Centre, Dr. S. C. Government Medical College, Nanded." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (2019): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193462.
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Background: As signatory to United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, India is striving hard to achieve these goals by end of 2030, especially for goal number 3 with targets related to maternal and child health. Birth-preparedness and complication-readiness (BPCR) is a tool to promote maternal and neonatal survival. This study was conducted to assess the perception and practices of recently delivered women on BPCR with its correlates. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Immuno-prophylaxis centre of Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra. Women attending IPC along with their baby within two to four months of delivery for immunization of their babies during the month of March 2014 constituted study subject of this study. After obtaining informed consent, data was obtained on socio-demographic characters like age, caste, religion, education, parity, ANC registration and questions regarding birth preparedness and complications readiness in their last pregnancy. Results: Total 117 women found to be eligible as study subject. Overall BPCR index of the study population was 67.28. Proportion of women who received first antenatal check-up within first trimester, four or more antenatal checkups, saved money for childbirth and had institutional delivery were 87.18%, 86.32%, 51.28% and 100% respectively. Around 23.08% women had knowledge of at least 3 key danger signs of pregnancy while only 19.65% identified blood donor. Awareness regarding danger signs of pregnancy and arrangement for blood donor was found poor in comparison to other indicators in study subject.Conclusion: There is need of increasing awareness regarding BPCR so that perception and practices in the community increased.
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Aloqayil, Nasser Mohammed. "14.4.17Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Knowledge and Perception of Oral Health Care Providers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (2021): 1480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.17.
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More than 570,000 new oral cancer cases are diagnosed, and around 300,000 deaths of this dreadful disease take place annually. The most widely recognized reason for morbidity and mortality globally is cancer. Early detection and regular follow up of high-risk patients can curb the mortality and morbidity rate. Dentists play a vital role in the early detection of oral cancer; therefore, assessing their knowledge and practice for early detection of oral cancer is crucial. A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the dentists’ knowledge and practice for the early detection of oral cancer. The study was conducted in the Qassim region among dental interns, general dental practitioners (GPs), specialists, and consultants. The questionnaire consisted of 14 closed-ended questions that contain socio-demographic characters of participants, information regarding the participants’ knowledge, and practice related questions. Data collected and analysed in SPSS software v. 21 and descriptive analysis was done. A total of 159 participants in the study. Regarding the potential risks for oral cancer, 48.4% and 34.6% believed viruses and hereditary. Regarding the high-risk sites for oral cancer, 38.4% of the participants choose soft palate complex, lateral border of the tongue, and floor of the mouth as high-risk sites. The majority of the participants, i.e., 70.4% did not use any adjunctive screening tools. 57.2% feel they do not have sufficient knowledge concerning the early detection of oral cancer. The vast majority, i.e., 87.4% agreed that they need more information and continuing education for the same. Dentists’ comprehension must be reinforced and constantly updated by continuing education programs.
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Alkhafji, Abdul Zahra M. "Social phobia among Al Qadissya medical student: prevalence, Academic performance and response to different treatments." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 54, no. 1 (2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.541767.
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Background: Social phobia (SP) is an inappropriate anxiety; experienced in social situations in which the person feels observed by others and could be criticized by them so he/she attempts to avoid such situations.Objectives: This study aims to identify the prevalence of (SP) among the medical students, as well as the socio- demographic characters will be investigated.The effect of (SP) on the students that is; their academic performance and the response to different type of treatments.Methods: Three hundred eighty students of both genders were selected randomly from Al-Qadissia Medical College in Al- Diwania city. These students were interviewed using the International Diagnostic Checklist of ICD.10 Social Phobia. The academic performance of subjects meeting a diagnosis of (SP) was studied. Their response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Fluoxetine) and comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy were evaluated.Results: The result showed that the prevalence of (SP) among the medical student is (12.6 %). female students had higher rates than males (17.4%, 7.9%) respectively. positive family history of any psychiatric disorder was found more in students having (SP) . Eating or speaking in public appeared to be the most common feared situations avoided by the diagnosed students. (SP) appeared to have no effect on the students academic performance. Both treatment (Fluoxetine, Comprehensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) had good response (48%, 52.8%) respectively.Conclusions: Significant differences are found between the rate of SP and different sexes. SP appeared to have no effect on the students academic performance. Both active treatments had good response; in addition they have nearly equal result.
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NF, Chowdhury, Haque MJ, Hoque S, et al. "Proportion of Low Birth weight and Associated Maternal Risk Factors in a Developing Country, Bangladesh." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 36, no. 2 (2023): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v36i2.72510.
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Introduction: Though the health situation of Bangladesh has been improved substantially over the years, the low birth weight (LBW) rate is still pretty high. LBW has been associated with high probability of infection, malnutrition, mental deficiencies and behavioural and learning problem in later life. The principle focus of this study was to ascertain the proportion of LBW and its associated maternal risk factors identification. Materials & methods: It was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study done at two tertiary level hospitals – Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Islami Bank Medical College Hospital. A total of 270 mothers were interviewed within 1 month of their delivery. The purposively selected participants were asked about their socio-demographic characters and other associated factors related to birth of the babies. Weights of the babies at birth were documented from hospital records. Result: Proportion of LBW was found 28.1% with no significant sex variation. Majority of the LBW babies were found in mothers of 15-20 years of age group. Mothers’ educational qualifications, occupations, early age pregnancy and type of pregnancy were associated significantly for LBW. Less than 37 weeks of gestational age of baby, home delivery, NVD were also significant risk factors of LBW. Residence and sex of neonate were not significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion: Proportion of LBW in tertiary care hospitals were found 28.1%. Early maternal pregnancy, lower gestational age, higher parity, NVD and home delivery played an important role in the incidence of LBW. TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 207-214
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Nowreen, Nida, and Reqaya Hameed. "Awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D and prevention of its deficiency among female undergraduate medical students." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191563.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional disorder that has assumed epidemic proportion. One of the major reasons for the worldwide spread of this disorder has been deficient awareness about the importance of vitamin D, its benefits on health, and prevention of deficiency state across different populations. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widely prevalent in this part of the country (Kashmir valley, India), the prevalence being higher in females. This study was conducted to assess the awareness of female medical students regarding the importance of vitamin D and the prevention of its deficiency among them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 113 female medical students. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of two parts was used to collect data. The first part was for identifying socio-demographic characters and the second half was a 12-question, multiple-choice survey focussing on vitamin D. Data was entered and analysed using computer software MS Excel.Results: The results of the study showed that the participants had good knowledge regarding some aspects while knowledge for other aspects was poor. The majority of participants had adequate knowledge about main source/dietary source of vitamin D, the site of synthesis, effect of vitamin D on bone health, main effects of deficiency on bone health, identification of high-risk groups and importance of supplements in management of deficiency. However, majority had inadequate knowledge about the epidemic state of VDD, RDA, time/duration of sun exposure and other effects of deficiency.Conclusions: The present study showed that there are some gaps in awareness about vitamin D, its benefits, and management of deficiency among female medical students.
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Sadykova, Assel, Karlygash Tazhibayeva, Aiman Mussina, et al. "Comparative analysis of clinical and anthropometric parameters depending on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight individuals." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 24, no. 1 (2025): 119–35. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v24i1.78717.
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Backgroud Overweight and obesity are recognized as one of the most significant medical and social problems of modern health care. According to who, more than 1.7 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. Despite the fact that many risk factors for their development are studied. There are only isolated studies on the peculiarities of ethnic and climatic-geographical characters. In this regard, we have studied the risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and, first of all, the most accessible clinical and anthropometric parameters for research: age, height, body weight, BMI, OT (body circumference), SAD, DAP, heart rate. The purpose of the study to analyze the clinical and anthropometric parameters depending on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight individuals. Materials and methods It was revealed that out of 1143 respondents, the number of deceased persons was 213, which was 18.6% of the total number of those studied. The type of study is observational prospective cohort. In 2015, respondents were surveyed using survey maps similar to 2003, developed using standardized methods. Results For 12 years (2003-2015) in the cohort we studied, there is a tendency to increase almost all clinical and anthropometric indicators (except growth, SAD, DAP), not only in people with hypertension, but also in those who do not have this disease. Conclusion High risks of fatal complications due to socio-demographic, clinical-metabolic and behavioral factors of polymorbidity of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus dictate the need to take these factors into account when implementing a disease management program at the primary health care level. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 01 January’25 Page : 119-135
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Murshed, Khaled Mahbub, C. M. Shamim Kabir, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Nazma Ahmed, and Md Adnan Hasan Masud. "Biochemical and Serological Investigations in Incidentally Detected Asymptomatic HBsAg-Positive Subjects (IDAHS)." Community Based Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (2025): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v14i1.79264.
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This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 50 incidentally detected asymptomatic HBsAg positive subjects (IDAHS) in the out-patient department (OPD) of the Department of Hepatology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May and November of 2017. All demographic characters like age, sex, education level, occupation and socio-economic status as well as mode of detection and duration of HBsAg positivity and risk factors were documented in the data sheet. Serum bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using auto analyzer in the biochemistry laboratory. Serum bilirubin ≤1.0 mg/dl and ALT levels ≤40 IU/L in males and ≤30 IU/L in females were set as normal. Serological tests were performed by using ELISA method, e.g., HBeAg and anti-HBeAg in the microbiology laboratory. The participants’ age ranged between 21 and 57 years with a mean of 30.2±9.3 years. We found that 23(46%) subjects were detected HBsAg positive during routine checkup followed by blood donation 11(22%), antenatal check-up 7(14%), going abroad 4(8%), family screening 3(6%) and before vaccination in 2(4%) subjects respectively. Among risk factors, 18(36%) had family history of HBsAg and only 1(2%) subject had unsafe sexual exposure. In total, 17(34%) were found having elevated ALT levels and only 1(2%) had abnormal bilirubin level. In total, 38(76%) subjects were HBeAg negative, while 35(70%) were Anti-HBe positive. Most IDAHS subjects were negative to HBeAg, however, they need to be followed up at regular intervals so that appropriate measures can be taken in time. CBMJ 2025 January: Vol. 14 No. 01 P: 16-21
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Naik, D. D., Balaiah Donta, Saritha Nair, and B. N. Mali. "Awareness of sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer among women in urban slums of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (2017): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170262.
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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Due to this disease 80 percent die at an advance stage. This may be due to lack of awareness and knowledge, lack of access to proper treatment including screening facility. This study is undertaken with an objective to investigate knowledge attitude, practice and health seeking behaviour about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical cancer among eligible women in a slum community in Mumbai.Methods: Baseline data of women was drawn from an intervention study entitled “Enhancing knowledge and promoting health seeking behaviour of couples on sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer in urban slums of Mumbai” for this article. This data was collected from a random sample of 1958 women in reproductive age group through a semi-structured interview schedule from two urban slums of Mumbai. Information was collected on socio-economic and demographic characters, awareness and symptoms of STIs and cervical cancer, and health seeking behaviour.Results: The study revealed that majority of women had heard about the STIs, 37.7 percent were aware of cervical cancer whereas only 3.6 percent of women were aware of Pap smear test. About 11 percent of women experienced at least one symptom of STI, 0.3 percent of women reported of having sexual partner other than spouse. Most women were not aware of STIs symptoms specific to men.Conclusions: Study concludes that the need to disseminate knowledge regarding STI symptoms, cervical cancer and Pap smear test for early detection of cervical cancer as well as promoting better health seeking behaviour with respect to cervical cancer and STIs. Considering of sensitivity of the topic it is necessary to design separate programmes for women.