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1
Biewendt, Marcel. "Sustainable Development: A Quantitative Analysis Regarding the Impact of Resource Rents on State Welfare from 2002 to 2017." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 4 (2020): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(4).119-131.2020.
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This paper uses a quantitative analysis to examine the interdependence and impact of resource rents on socio-economic development from 2002 to 2017. Nigeria and Norway have been chosen as reference countries due to their abundance of natural resources by similar economic performance, while the ranking in the Human Development Index differs dramatically. As the Human Development Index provides insight into a country’s cultural and socio-economic characteristics and development in addition to economic indicators, it allows a comparison of the two countries. The hypothesis presented and discussed in this paper was researched before. A qualitative research approach was used in the author’s master’s thesis “The Human Development Index (HDI) as a Reflection of Resource Abundance (using Nigeria and Norway as a case study)” in 2018. The management of scarce resources is an important aspect in the development of modern countries and those on the threshold of becoming industrialised nations. The effects of a mistaken resource management are not only of a purely economic nature but also of a social and socio-economic nature. In order to present a partial aspect of these dependencies and influences this paper uses a quantitative analysis to examine the interdependence and impact of resource rents on socio-economic development from 2002 to 2017. Nigeria and Norway have been chosen as reference countries due to their abundance of natural resources by similar economic performance, while the ranking in the Human Development Index differs significantly. As the Human Development Index provides insight into a country’s cultural and socio-economic characteristics and development in addition to economic indicators, it allows a comparison of the two countries. This paper found out in a holistic perspective that (not or poorly managed) resource wealth in itself has a negative impact on socio-economic development and significantly reduces the productivity of the citizens of a state. This is expressed in particular for the years 2002 till 2017 in a negative correlation of GDP per capita and HDI value with the share respectively the size of resources in the GDP of a country. Keywords: Human Development Index, sustainability, resource abundance, socio-economic welfare.
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Williams, Mark. "An old model of social class? Job characteristics and the NS-SEC schema." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 1 (July 19, 2016): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016653087.
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This article explores the relationship between the job characteristics underlying the Goldthorpe model of social class (work monitoring difficulty and human asset specificity) and those underlying theories of technological change (routine and analytical tasks) highlighted as key drivers for growing inequality. Analysis of the 2012 British Skills and Employment Survey demonstrates monitoring difficulty and asset specificity predict National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) membership and employment relations in ways expected by the Goldthorpe model, but the role of asset specificity is partially confounded by analytical tasks. It concludes that while the Goldthorpe model continues to provide a useful descriptive tool of inequality-producing processes and employment relations in the labour market, examining underlying job characteristics directly is a promising avenue for future research in understanding over time dynamics in the evolution of occupational inequalities.
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Krieger, Nancy, Elizabeth M. Barbeau, and Mah-Jabeen Soobader. "Class Matters: U.S. versus U.K. Measures of Occupational Disparities in Access to Health Services and Health Status in the 2000 U.S. National Health Interview Survey." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 2 (April 2005): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jkre-ah92-edv8-vhyc.
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To inform current debates over whether occupational class is causally linked to health inequities, the authors used data from the 2000 U.S. National Health Interview Survey to compare occupational disparities in access to health services, socioeconomic resources, and health status, using (1) the United Kingdom's new National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC), premised on type of labor contract (salaried vs. hourly wage) and class position (employer, self-employed, supervisory and non-supervisory employee), and (2) the conventional U.S. occupational categories, premised on status and skill. Analyses included all working-age adults (age 25 to 64) for whom data on occupation and race/ethnicity were available (N = 22,500). Risk of inadequate access to health services, poverty, and low education were two times greater for persons in NS-SEC class 5 versus class 1, compared with blue-collar versus white-collar, and for both measures persons with the worst health status were in jobs that afforded the least access to health care. Controlling for earned income and workplace health insurance markedly reduced health service disparities, especially for the NS-SEC measure, thereby implying structural characteristics of jobs are causally relevant for resources and benefits necessary to address health inequities in the United States.
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Zhao and Xu. "Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174751.
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Haze pollution has become an urgent environmental problem due to its impact on the environment as well as human health. PM2.5 is one of the core pollutants which cause haze pollution in China. Existing studies have rarely taken a comprehensive view of natural environmental conditions and socio-economic factors to figure out the cause and diffusion mechanism of PM2.5 pollution. This paper selected both natural environmental conditions (precipitation (PRE), wind speed (WIN), and terrain relief (TR)) and socio-economic factors (human activity intensity of land surface (HAILS), the secondary industry's proportion (SEC), and the total particulate matter emissions of motor vehicles (VE)) to analyze the effects on the spatial variation of PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the spatial panel data of 289 cities in China in 2015, we used spatial statistical methods to visually describe the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution; secondly, the spatial agglomeration state of PM2.5 pollution was characterized by Moran’s I; finally, several regression models were used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between PM2.5 pollution and the selected explanatory variables. Results from this paper confirm that in 2015, most cities in China suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution, and only 17.6% of the sample cities were up to standard. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in China were particularly significant in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Results from the global regression models suggest that WIN exerts the most significant effects on decreasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01), while VE is the most critical driver of increasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01). Results from the local regression model show reliable evidence that the relation between PM2.5 concentrations and the explanatory variables varied differently over space. VE is the most critical factor that influences PM2.5 concentrations, which means controlling motor vehicle pollutant emissions is an effective measure to reduce PM2.5 pollution in Chinese cities.
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Sloan, Luke. "Who Tweets in the United Kingdom? Profiling the Twitter Population Using the British Social Attitudes Survey 2015." Social Media + Society 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 205630511769898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117698981.
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The headache any researcher faces while using Twitter data for social scientific analysis is that we do not know who tweets. In this article, we report on results from the British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) 2015 on Twitter use. We focus on associations between using Twitter and three demographic characteristics—age, sex, and class (defined here as National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification [NS-SEC]). In addition to this, we compare findings from BSA 2015, treated as ground truth (known characteristics), with previous attempts to map the demographic nature of UK Twitter users using computational methods resulting in demographic proxies. Where appropriate, the datasets are compared with UK Census 2011 data to illustrate that Twitter users are not representative of the wider population. We find that there are a disproportionate number of male Twitter users, in relation to both the Census 2011 and previous proxy estimates; that Twitter users are predominantly young, but there are more older users than previously estimated; and that there are strong class effects associated with Twitter use.
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Thomas, George. "Data Usage in Talent Management – Challenges for SMEs in the Field of Skilled Crafts." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 1 (2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(1).75-81.2020.
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The main purpose of this study is to analyze the main challenges and opportunities in the context of the use of innovative technologies in the management of talent in small and medium-sized craft enterprises. The systematization of literary sources and approaches has shown that the complexities of talent management processes in the personnel management system are related to the consequences of socio-economic, demographic, and climatic changes in society, the activation of globalization processes, and the rapid development of information technologies. The article analyzes the impact of digitization on the talent management process, as well as identifies the main factors that impede the transition of small and medium-sized enterprises to the use of HR software solutions. The study used methods of bibliometric analysis and predictive analytics and selected the activity of small and medium-sized craft enterprises in Germany. Literature research has shown that in most small and medium-sized craft enterprises, the decision to use innovative technology approaches to the process of talent management in small and medium-sized enterprises is the sole responsibility of the company owner. The results of data analysis using software products play an important role in reducing the risk of making wrong decisions, especially in the talent management process. In the course of the research, it is established that the use of information technologies of data processing allows us to determine the level of qualification of employees, their psychophysiological parameters, as well as to monitor the dynamics of changes of certain professional characteristics. The main threats and challenges arising from the use of information systems with elements of artificial intelligence of data processing, when managing talents, are highlighted in the work. The results presented in this article may be useful for small and medium-sized business leaders to promote the practice of using innovative technology approaches in the enterprise talent management process. Keywords: skilled labor; digitization; human resources management; small and medium enterprises, talent management.
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Karintseva, Oleksandra. "Review on monograph: “Macroeconomic Stability Of The National Economy”." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 2 (2020): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(2).106-107.2020.
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The monograph is devoted to topical issues of developing the concept of integration of management and marketing policy for the development of green investment in enterprises. Numerous modern and traditional methods were used in the research, namely: Google Trends tools, Ward agglomeration hierarchical clustering, principal components method, correlation analysis; modified least-squares methods FMOLS and DOLS; content analysis and Fishburne’s method; model PLS-PM. The conclusions and hypotheses were confirmed by empirical conclusions using Stata 12 / SE and EViews10. The monograph assesses the level of integrity of the marketing policy of an environmentally responsible enterprise, using content analysis. In addition, the author confirmed the hypothesis that the use of greenwashing reduces the company’s green brand and leads to significant financial and reputational losses. The author has developed a system of principles for green investment management and supplemented it with such specific principles as collaboration (reflecting the characteristics of green investment stakeholder management); dissemination (chain reaction of the appearance of overt/covert socio-ecological-economic effects); convergence (complementarity of green investments, the convergence of goals and methods of green investment). The monograph substantiates the specific features of the complex of green investment marketing and the typology of green investment marketing strategies of green investment marketing. The author proposes the concept of 8P marketing of green investments, which takes into account the convergence of basic elements of green and traditional marketing, modern transformations in commodity, credit, and stock markets in accordance with the concept of sustainable development, promising trends in eco-oriented consumer and investment needs. It is proved that the growth of trading on the stock exchange in the country is accompanied by the development of the green investment market and increasing the attractiveness of the company among stakeholders. This monograph can be useful for company management, government, students, faculty, researchers, and graduate students. Keywords: corporate green investment practices, green investment, sustainable development.
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Daniel, D., Mita Sirait, and Saket Pande. "A hierarchical Bayesian Belief Network model of household water treatment behaviour in a suburban area: A case study of Palu—Indonesia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e0241904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241904.
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Understanding the determinants of household water treatment (HWT) behavior in developing countries is important to increase the rate of its regular use so that households can have safe water at home. This is especially so when the quality of the water source is not reliable. We present a hierarchical Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model supported by statistical analysis to explore the influence of household’s socio-economic characteristics (SECs) on the HWT behavior via household’s psychological factors. The model uses eight SECs, such as mother’s and father’s education, wealth, and religion, and five RANAS psychological factors, i.e., risk, attitude, norms, ability, and self-regulation to analyse HWT behavior in a suburban area in Palu, Indonesia. Structured household interviews were conducted among 202 households. We found that mother’s education is the most important SEC that influences the regular use of HWT. An educated mother has more positive attitude towards HWT and is more confident in her ability to perform HWT. Moreover, self-regulation, especially the attempt to deal with any barrier that hinders HWT practice, is the most important psychological factor that can change irregular HWT users to regular HWT users. Hence, this paper recommends to HWT-program implementers to identify potential barriers and discuss potential solutions with the target group in order to increase the probability of the target group being a regular HWT user.
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Massion, Samuel, Sophie Wickham, Anna Pearce, Ben Barr, Catherine Law, and David Taylor-Robinson. "Exploring the impact of early life factors on inequalities in risk of overweight in UK children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 8 (May 9, 2016): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309465.
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BackgroundOverweight and obesity in childhood are socially patterned, with higher prevalence in more disadvantaged populations, but it is unclear to what extent early life factors attenuate the social inequalities found in childhood overweight/obesity.MethodsWe estimated relative risks (RRs) for being overweight (combining with obesity) at age 11 in 11 764 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) according to socio-economic circumstances (SEC). Early life risk factors were explored to assess if they attenuated associations between SECs and overweight.Results28.84% of children were overweight at 11 years. Children of mothers with no academic qualifications were more likely to be overweight (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.01) compared to children of mothers with degrees and higher degrees. Controlling for prenatal, perinatal, and early life characteristics (particularly maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and maternal smoking during pregnancy) reduced the RR for overweight to 1.44, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.69 in the group with the lowest academic qualifications compared to the highest.ConclusionsWe observed a clear social gradient in overweight 11-year-old children using a representative UK sample. Moreover, we identified specific early life risk factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, that partially account for the social inequalities found in childhood overweight. Policies to support mothers to maintain a healthy weight, breastfeed and abstain from smoking during pregnancy are important to improve maternal and child health outcomes, and our study provides some evidence that they may also help to address the continuing rise in inequalities in childhood overweight.
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Fenech, V. A., N. Kamperidis, T. Tyrrell, L. Dyall, R. Fofaria, R. Misra, S. Barber, S. Randall, J. Shah, and N. Arebi. "P134 Patient empowerment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): early education at a new diagnosis IBD clinic (NDC)." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.263.
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Abstract Background IBD is a chronic condition that affects young and older people. Co-existing diseases are common. Patient-centred care includes education and support to empower patients and is a recognised dimension of high-quality care. Patient empowerment with knowledge, skills and confidence (‘patient activation’) is associated with better outcomes in many chronic diseases. We aimed to measure patient activation in recently diagnosed IBD patients and to identify factors associated with levels of activation. Methods A NDC was set up at St Mark’s Hospital to offer patients education, information resources and signposts to verified information sources. Patient activation was measured using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM®) tool (Insignia Health) before and after the first consultation. PAM® is a validated questionnaire with 13 questions to generate an activation score ranging from 1 to 4. Non-activation was defined as PAM levels 1 and 2. Demographic (age in years (SD)), disease specific characteristics and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, GAD-2) and depression [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2)] data were collated at the first visit. The National Statistics Socio-economic classification (NS-SEC) was used to classify socio-economic status (SES). Categorical variables were analysed with chi-square test and numerical variables with Student’s t-test. Results Twenty-nine patients (51.7% male) attended NDC (ulcerative colitis = 15, Crohn’s disease = 10, unclassified IBD = 4). 28 completed PAM questionnaires. Mean age was 43.2 ( ± 16.4). 5/28 had a family history of IBD, 6/28 were smokers, 11/28 had another chronic condition, and 16/28 were of non-White ethnic background. Sixty-nine% had active disease. SES and psychological scores were available for 14/28 and 16/28 patients, respectively. Fifty per cent (14/28) of patients were non-activated before NDC; 57.1% (8/14) showed an improvement in activation after NDC. Mean age for activated and non-activated patients was 40.6 ( ± 19.0) and 46.6 ( ± 13.9), respectively (p = 0.35). There was no association between gender, family history, smoking, co-morbidity, ethnic background and SES with activation. None of the four patients (4/16) who scored for anxiety or depression were activated compared with 50% (6/12) of non-anxious/depressed patients (p = 0.07). No patients (0/7) in intermediate or higher SES were activated compared with 43% (3/7) of lower SES (p = 0.05). Conclusion Most non-activated patients had improved activation after attending NDC. Anxiety and depression may contribute to non-activation. Early assessment of patient activation may guide healthcare providers to offer individualised support. Further studies to evaluate the sustainability of patient activation and its effect on clinical outcomes are ongoing.
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Nishanthan, Ganeshan, Ajith Kumara, Pahan Prasada, and Chamari Dissanayake. "Sea cucumber fishing pattern and the socio-economic characteristics of fisher communities in Sri Lanka." Aquatic Living Resources 32 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2019009.
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Sea cucumber fishing pattern and the social and economic characteristics of sea cucumber fisher communities in the north, north-west and north-east regions of Sri Lanka were assessed using the data collected from November 2015 to January 2017. A total of 9 sea cucumber species is landed in these areas using three fishing methods; diving (SCUBA and breath-hold), gleaning and surrounding nets. SCUBA diving is the dominant fishing method and SCUBA divers do both day and night fishing reporting the highest catch rates (CPUE ± SD in numbers/person/day) than the other fishers (p < 0.05; ANOVA). Gleaning is entirely carried out by fisherwomen in the northern region whereas 28 surrounding nets are used targeting low-value Stichopus naso. CPUE found to be varied with respect to species, region and fishing method (p < 0.05; ANOVA). Bohadschia vitiensis made the highest percentage contribution (61.3%) to the total sea cucumber landings during the study period. Among all fishers, SCUBA divers reported the highest average net monthly income. Men play a dominant role in sea cucumber fishing (98%), processing (99%) and marketing (100%). Fishermen in the age range of 25–67 yr, having only primary education mainly involved in the sea cucumber industry. The sea cucumber value chain consists of fishers (∼2000), middlemen (12), processors (16) and exporters (7). A significant increase in overall price development from fishers to the exporters was reported for all 9 species (p < 0.05; ANOVA). Fishers received a proportionally higher share of the end-market price mainly for low-value Bohadschia spp. Although fishers receive disproportionately low returns compared to other value chain players, 47.8% of fishers showed high satisfaction towards the prices they received from buyers. However, 83.6% of fishers are not satisfied with existing management measures. Apart from strengthening the existing management measures, this information is important to update the regional and global sea cucumber statistics.
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Birkan, Rıza, and Fikret Öndes. "Socio-economic characteristics of small-scale fisheries in the Aegean Sea, Turkey (eastern Mediterranean)." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 50, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aiep/02840.
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Grigoryev, D. S. "Relationship between Ethnic Identification and Acculturation Attitudes of Immigrants with Level of Their Socio-Economic Adaptation." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 1 (2015): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110109.
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This article describes the construction and testing of theoretical model of socio-economic adaptation (SEA) of immigrants considering psychological factors as the basic ones. In the analysis of previous studies acculturation attitudes of immigrants were identified as key psychological factors of SEA for the construction of the theoretical model; length of stay in the country and language skills were used as control variables; the characteristics of ethnic identity were used as predictors of acculturation attitudes. We carried out the survey of Russian-speaking immigrants in Belgium for verification of our model. Next we used path analysis for test¬ing of the model on the data obtained. According to the study, we found that (1) acculturation attitudes of immigrants associated to their level of SEA themselves regardless of length of stay in the country and their lan¬guage skills; (2) high level of SEA of immigrants is positively associated with orientation to the host society (integration and assimilation), and negative associated with orientation to their ethnic group (separation); (3) strong ethnic identification may facilitate the orientation of immigrants to their ethnic group and prevent assimilation.
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Druzhinin, А. G. "Localization of maritime economic activity in modern Russia: features, structures, effects." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2019): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-4-3.
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The article highlights the sea factor and maritime economic activity to influence regional socio-economic development, as the issue is extremely topical for modern Russian socio-economic geography. It is shown that such influence has increased significantly since the middle of the XX century. The special attention is focused on identifying the features and spatial localization factors of maritime economy’s components in the Russian Federation. Such characteristics of the geography of the marine economy inherent in Russia as spatial asymmetry, gravitation to the border territories and water areas of the country, cross-border nature are highlighted. The study identifi the maritime economic specializations of the seaside regions and their carried out the corresponding typology (given the degree of infl of the«marine factor»). The article emphasizes the combination of spatial dispersal of marine activity (in such spheres as port economy, shipbuilding, hydrocarbon production) inherent in modern Russia (and initiated by Eurasian geopolitical and economic changes) with the remaining stable regional asymmetry in the localization and development of fi as well as in the tourism and recreational sphere. The article shows that the positive socio-economic effects of marine industries’ development are most pronounced in the regions and cities that perform the ‘frame’ functions in the system of geo-economic positioning of Russia, as well as in ensuring the ‘presence’ of the country in the World Ocean. These ‘frame’ regions are: St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, Krasnodar region, Primorsky region, Sakhalin region, etc.
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Calado, Helena Maria Gregório Pina, Mario Caña Varona, Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero, Fabiana Cordeiro Moniz, Firdaous Halim, Daniela de Lima Gabriel, Cláudia Luísa Salvador Hipólito, et al. "Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia." Europa XXI 36 (2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.36.8.
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This paper explores how geography shapes human uses of the maritime space along the Atlantic archipelagic territories of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region that includes the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cape Verde. The way specific geographic characteristics of these islands influence and even determine maritime uses and activities is analyzed in a three-layers approach in the following order: socio-economic analysis, sectorial analysis and uses and activities analysis. The biophysical and geographical characteristics of each archipelago will be considered throughout the analysis, highlighting the common aspects and peculiarities between each region. After a comprehensive overview of the main economic activities, the discussion suggests that certain specificities need to be taken into account in maritime spatial planning processes when planning and managing human uses at sea, to promote the sustainable development of local communities, particularly in archipelagic regions.
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Jasiński, Michał, and Anna Górska. "Turystyka, eksport towarowy, pomoc rozwojowa i przekazy jako narzędzia przełamania stagnacji społeczno-gospodarczej w państwach Globalnego Południa o niekorzystnym położeniu geograficznym oraz najsłab." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.111.
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The subject of the article is the identification and assessment of the relationship between tourism, commodity exports, development aid and remittances in the 83 countries of the Global South. These countries have been grouped due to geographical features that significantly inhibit socio-economic development: 1) small islanders developing, and 2) countries without access to the sea (inland). These countries have been identified for the purposes of the article as countries with a geographical disadvantage. In addition, a group of the least developed countries was distinguished. The relationship between the four variables was the starting point, then the relation between these variables and the current level of socio-economic development in the analyzed countries of the South was examined and assessed. The study used characteristics for four variables in particular groups of countries, such as: mean, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness, minimum and maximum. The correlation coefficient r-Spearman was used to identify relationships between variables. The survey indicated that in all the analyzed countries, on the basis of the results obtained, a strong positive correlation could be noticed between tourism and commodity exports. In those countries that developed tourism specialization intensively (export of tourist product), this translated into breaking economic stagnation and accelerating development processes.
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Menshutkin, Vladimir, and Nikolai Filatov. "Experience of assessing state and forecasting of socio-ecological-economic system: to the question of sustainable development of the region." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-30-44.
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A review of various cognitive models for the region developed by the authors is proposed. To assess the opportunities for sustainable development of the region — the White Sea and the watershed, a set of cognitive models that reflect the dynamics of economic characteristics, the state and change of the environment, climate, agriculture and forestry and the social sphere are developed. Four models of the ecological-socio-economic system of the region are presented, which are used to determine different targets aimed at assessing the possibilities of improving the of living standard of the population, rational use and protection of the environment, the development of certain sectors of the economy and social sphere of the region which important for sustainable development of the region. In the first cognitive model for the region, the main objective function was considered to ensure the best possible development of all subregions (constituent entities of the Russian Federation) included in the watershed. The ratio of the magnitude of investments in the development of subregions and the demographic characteristics of the population to achieve comfortable living conditions was estimated. The second model was developed in order to study the possibilities of improving the living standards of the population using fisheries — a traditional occupation of the local Pomor’s population. The third model solved the multi-criteria problems of determining such a regime of control actions that would ensure the achievement of the maximum living standard of the population under different scenarios of the state of the economy and climate change. The fourth model took into account previous developments, is built on a hierarchical principle and can be used for various management purposes. The model is intended for prognostic assessments at a qualitative level of ongoing changes in a complex socio-ecological-economic system under various scenarios of economy, environmental management and climate change. The results can serve as the basis for constructing a system of quantitative models necessary for the development of management decision support systems.
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Utama, Gerry, and Agus Hendratno. "Integration of Developing Sea Border Area Through Archipelago Ecotourism in Anambas Archipelago Regency." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 4 (2020): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.44356.
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Indonesia's sea border areas have various problems besides economic inequality, limited access to infrastructure, and low human resources quality. This condition is very vulnerable to the sea border which acts as a gateway to the sovereignty of the country which has great natural resources potential which has not been developed optimally. Development of marine border area is one of the efforts to carry out sustainable development in managing and utilizing the potential of small islands and the foremost islands by integrating development planning through archipelago ecotourism approaches based on the characteristics of island typology, geology, geomorphology, coastal aquatic ecosystems, and sea, as well as socio-cultural characteristics. The research location is located in Anambas Archipelago Regency, Riau Archipelago Province, which has a vital role in geopolitical, geostrategic, and geo-economic conditions that are in the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Flow (ALKI 1) which is an international shipping lane and transportation. The purpose of this study is; 1) providing a model of developing the sea border area with an archipelago ecotourism approach; 2) inventorying potential information on tourist attraction objects, and 3) compiling directives and recommendations for planning and developing sustainable archipelago ecotourism. The method of this research was carried out by conducting an inventory of potential archipelago ecotourism which was then carried out with spatial analysis through data collection in the field and then processed through the compilation of spatial databases for the development of archipelagic ecotourism-based tourist attraction objects, after which spatial valuations related to projections of developing needs were carried out archipelago ecotourism related to supporting infrastructure needs by taking into account disaster risk aspects and environmental carrying capacity. The results of this study indicate that the archipelago ecotourism approach is a breakthrough in reducing the gap and underdevelopment of sea border areas through accelerating economic growth by managing and utilizing the potential of sustainable natural resources in the sea border area. The formation of new jobs based on the aspect of tourism is accompanied by an increase in the quality of human resources gradually through the opening of information on tourist attraction objects which are then managed by involving local communities.
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Hwang, Deok Soon, Wonbong Jang, Joon-Shik Park, and Shinyang Kim. "Social enterprise in South Korea." Social Enterprise Journal 13, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-09-2017-0047.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the socio-economic background and development of social enterprises in Korea and identify representative social enterprise models. Design/methodology/approachThe typology used in this study focuses on the interaction between civil society, the state and the market in their efforts to solve social problems. As a result, the typology is mainly related with social goals, although the organizational form is also taken into consideration when selecting representative social enterprises in each type so as to present a broad array of developmental histories. FindingsThis paper identified four types of social enterprises: work integration social enterprises; social service provision social enterprises; regional regeneration social enterprises; and alter-economy social enterprises. These types are not immutable; another form of social enterprise might emerge to address a new social issue and lead to a new strand of similar social enterprises. Originality/valueThis study found that the goals of social enterprises in Korea share common characteristics with those of social enterprises in European countries. Another outstanding feature of Korean social enterprises is that most social enterprises other than work integration social enterprises also regard work integration or job creation for the disadvantaged people as one of their important social missions.
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Krylenko, V. V., R. D. Kosyan, and M. V. Krylenko. "THE COASTS OF THE CAUCASIAN NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." Journal of Oceanological Research 49, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2021.49(1).5.
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The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus has the most valuable economic resources, primarily recreational. In addition, coastal geosystems are a key element of the region's natural biodiversity. This paper provides an overview of the current state of abrasion and accumulative shores of the Black Sea between c. Panagia and r. Tuapse. Materials of long-term monitoring observations, satellite imagery, the results of mathematical modeling, literary and archival sources are used. The most important natural processes that determine the development of the coasts are considered and the analysis of their dynamics due to climate changes and increasing anthropogenic load is performed. It is shown that the significant differences between individual sections of the north-western part of the Caucasus Black Sea coast in terms of natural features and the degree of their economic development are determined by a variety of natural and socio-economic factors. Abrasion coasts with high cliffs, where denudation processes are the main source of solid material to the coastal zone, predominate. The general deficit of beach-forming sediments is a characteristic feature, as a result of which there is no single alongshore sediment flux. Small lithodynamic systems bounded by capes are characteristic of the coast under consideration. The movement of sediments has the character of reverse migrations and the beach is formed in the concavities of the coast. The only large accumulative form is the Anapa bay-bar, in the formation of which the alluvium of the Kuban River played an important role. Predominance of erosion processes over accumulative ones is the geomorphological feature of the Caucasus Black Sea coasts, therefore the main problems of environmental management are the protection of the coast from storm waves and shortage of beaches. Creation of complexes of artificial beaches with beach-retaining structures, that simultaneously perform coastal protection and recreational functions, is the most promising solution to these problems in the 21st century. It is noted that the conditions of the considered coastal section are favorable for the use of local coastal protection.
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Zhao, Chunxu, Chunyan Shen, Andrew Bakun, Yunrong Yan, and Bin Kang. "Purpleback Flying Squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea: Growth, Resources and Association with the Environment." Water 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010065.
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The purpleback flying squid (Ommastrephidae: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) is an important species at higher trophic levels of the regional marine ecosystem in the South China Sea (SCS), where it is considered to show the potential for fishery development. Accordingly, under increasing climatic and environmental changes, understanding the nature and importance of various factors that determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of S. oualaniensis in the SCS is of great scientific and socio-economic interest. Using generalized additive model (GAM) methods, we analyzed the relationship between available environmental factors and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of S. oualaniensis. The body size of S. oualaniensis in the SCS was relatively small (<19.4 cm), with a shorter lifespan than individuals in other seas. The biological characteristics indicate that S. oualaniensis in the SCS showed a positive allometric growth, and could be suitably described by the logistic growth equation. In our study, the sea areas with higher CPUE were mainly distributed at 10°–11° N, with a 27–28 °C sea surface temperature (SST) range, a sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) of −0.05–0.05 m, and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) higher than 0.18 μg/L. The SST was the most important factor in the GAM analysis and the best fitting GAM model explained 67.9% of the variance. Understanding the biological characteristics and habitat status of S. oualaniensis in the SCS will benefit the management of this resource.
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Kostianaia, Evgeniia, and Andrey Kostianoy. "Regional Climate Change Impact on Coastal Tourism: A Case Study for the Black Sea Coast of Russia." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030133.
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Regional climate change is one of the key factors that should be taken into account when planning the development of the coastal tourism, including investments and construction of tourism-related infrastructure. A case study for the Black Sea coast of Russia shows a series of potential negative hydrological, meteorological, and biological factors that accompany regional warming of the Black Sea Region, that can impede the development of coastal tourism and devalue billions of dollars in investments by the State, private companies, and individuals. We discuss such natural phenomena as air and sea warming, extreme weather events, coastal upwelling, heavy rains, river plumes, wind and waves, tornado, rip currents, sea-level rise, algal bloom, introduced species, and other features characteristic for the region that seriously impact coastal tourism today, and may intensify in the nearest future. Sporadic occurrence of extreme weather events, unpleasant and sometimes dangerous sea and atmosphere phenomena during the summer tourist season, and from year to year can be of critical psychological importance when choosing your next vacation and tourism destination. The research does not include anthropogenic factors, geopolitical, and socio-economic processes, and the COVID-19 pandemic that play an important role in the sustainable development of coastal tourism as well.
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León, Carmelo J., Jorge E. Araña, and Arturo Melián. "Tourist Use and Preservation Benefits from Big-Game Fishing in the Canary Islands." Tourism Economics 9, no. 1 (March 2003): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101298268.
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Deep-sea game fishing is an activity that tourists can enjoy at some holiday destinations. This paper presents results on the benefits received by international tourists from big-game fishing in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Both the use and the preservation values emanating from the sport-fishing resource are investigated by following the contingent valuation method. The responses to two dichotomous choice questions are modelled using a bivariate approach which takes account of possible correlation effects. The results show that both use and preservation values can be significantly explained by the practitioners' socio-economic characteristics as well as by the degree of their involvement in the fishing activity. It is also determined that the preservation value for the biomass stock is very relevant when compared with the use value for the activity of big-game fishing.
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Ndori, Kund, and Arika Palapa. "Implementation Of The Strong Coastal Development Program In The Efforts To Develop Coastal Areas As Poverty Reduction Efforts In Central Java Province." Majalah Ilmiah Bahari Jogja 19, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33489/mibj.v19i1.235.
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Coastal villages have different characteristics from villages in rural areas. This difference is not only on the geographical-ecological aspect, but also on economic and socio-cultural characteristics. Geographically, coastal villages are on the border between land and sea. Geographical-ecological conditions of coastal villages affect economic activities in them. Economic activities in coastal villages are characterized by activities in the utilization of coastal environmental resources and services. Economic activities include fisheries, trade, maritime tourism, and transportation This study seeks to study the application of tough coastal development programs as an effort to build an oriented coastal region to facilitate the economic activities of villages in coastal areas that are expected to reduce the poverty rate of coastal communities in the middle of the city. This study uses a qualitative research design using descriptive methods that intend to explain how the phenomenon of resilient coastal village development and coastal area development as an effort to reduce the number of coastal communities in Central Java province by using purposive sampling sampling techniques and research samples taken in coastal communities The results of the north coast of Java and cilacap districts were as follows: that the implementation of the strong Coastal Village Development Program in the coastal communities of Central Java showed that the three focuses of development activities had been carried out properly. The development activities are resource development, environmental / infrastructure development, and disaster preparedness development. While activities that are not carried out are human development and business development. The recommendations given in this study are that the implementation of the program must be supported by sufficient funds, need coordination and cooperation with other stakeholders, and the need for effective monitoring and evaluation
Keywords: program implementation, coastal village, coastal area development, Poverty, Central Java
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Rogozhina, N. G. "Environmental Challenges of Urbanization in Southeast Asia." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-1-6.
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One of the most important trends in the modern stage of the socio-economic development of the countries of Southeast Asia is the acceleration of the process of urbanization which will determine the future of the region. By 2050, the share of the urban population in the total population of the region is due to increase to 65% compared to 42% at present. The author stresses that the process of urbanization in SEA has a number of distinctive characteristics. Firstly, it should be noted the uneven distribution of the urban population among the countries of the region. Secondly, there is an accelerated growth of medium-sized cities. Thirdly, in the socio-economic and political systems of Southeast Asian countries, large cities and primarily capitals still dominate Being the foundation of economic growth and social progress, urbanization at the same time has many challenges, one of which is the threat of environmental degradation for almost half of the region’s population. With all the diversity of socio-economic development and the political structure of the countries of the region, the environmental situation in their cities, and especially the capitals, is strikingly similar, which indicates the presence of common causes of environmental crisis. The article notes that environmental tension in cities, primarily subjected to problems associated with urbanization, are at the same time a consequence of the national environmental crisis, the cause of which is the realization of a model of extensive economic development, the implementation of which is accompanied by the over-exploitation of natural resources and increased pollution. The deterioration of the environmental situation in cities, which reveals itself in a high level of air and water pollution, restricting public access to drinking water sources and sanitary facilities, increasing the production of solid waste with imperfect disposal technologies, devalues the results of the economic and social progress of Southeast Asian countries.The author discusses in detail the main environmental problems of cities, analyzes the causes of their occurrence and assesses the possibilities for their prevention. The latter involves an integrated approach to overcoming the environmental crisis along with implementing measures at different levels and in different areas. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the fact that in recent years there have been some positive changes in the approach of the authorities to solving the most acute environmental problems, nevertheless, it is doubtful that the environmental situation will noticeably improve in the near future without changing the philosophy of development itself
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Dwi Rina Utami and Djoko Wijono. "Urban Architecture in Malabero Village, The Old City of Bengkulu." Built Environment Studies 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/best.v1i1.498.
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Urban architecture in Malabero village is an interesting part to be researched. This is demonstrated by several elements of urban architecture that illustrate specific characteristics such as the Thomas Parr Monument, the Old Post Office, Merdeka Square, Kampung Cina, Bengkulu Malay settlement, a settlement built on the coastline and various building build on the sea embankment. This research was conducted to determine the configuration of contemporary architecture in Malabero and how it happen using qualitative and explorative methods. The research results that architecture configuration of the street in Malabero village consists of spread and linear organic patterns. Architecture configuration of building and space on the settlement scale based on ethnicity with diverse characteristics and tend to follow the street with linear patterns, meanwhile on the urban scale tend to the octopus shape cities. The configuration of infrastructure and vegetation in Kampung Cina and Merdeka Square is complete and well designed. Furthermore, the configuration of signages tend to be found at the cross street. This research also revealed that the architecture configuration was formed due to several factors such as historical, geographical, policy, and control of the government, economic, socio-cultural, important event, and lifestyle.
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Sugandi, Dede. "Model of Conservation on Sagara Anakan Environment." Forum Geografi 27, no. 2 (December 10, 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v27i2.2372.
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Widespread decline in agricultural land and the impact on production decline caused extensive forest activities to meet the needs of the population. Activities that cause less environmental quality offset environmental balance changes. These changes due to deforestation, erosion, degraded land and natural resource degradation are exploited so that the function of ecological, economic and social life. Damaged ecosystems resulting in erosion, landslides in the watershed affect the sedimentation in Sagara Anakan sea. Silting, resulting in narrowing of fishing activities, tourism, sports, and services decreased crossings. Because of the problem and the purpose of this study proposed and analyzed a few questions: 1) How does the socio-economic impact of farmers in conserving the environment of Sagara Anakan ?, 2) How do people form of conservation and coastal of Sagara Anakan ?, 3) How model of integrated conservation in the watershed and coastal of Sagara Anakan ? and 4) What role do the people in the watershed and coastal on Sagara Anakan conservation ?. Study site covers an area of flow and Ci Ci Tanduy Beureum and Sagara Tillers waters. Activities of the population in the process of land affected when in Sagara tillers. The method used was a survey with a sample divided by the watershed upstream, downstream and coastal tengahm. Using statistical analysis techniques and geography, so that part of the watershed characteristics can be imaged. Shallowing Sagara Anakan, physically was affected by the physical condition of the easily eroded and accelerated by human activities. The activities of farmer on the watershed have done conservation unless doing reforestation, whereas the farmer on the swamp and coastal areas are not doing conservation. Different physical circumstances, the conservation of watersheds and coastal forms differ. Socio-economic condition of farmer affect the conservation. The farmer could not reforestation conservation form, as the socio-economic needs. While in the farmer swamp and coastal conservation is not done, because the physical state was not possible. To conserve of Sagara Anakan, then the shape of coastal conservation by planting trees, not catch fish, marine dredging, not taking out the trash, do not use drugs to win the fish and catch a certain size. While in conservation should be done with different shape and performed in an integrated manner that requires the participation of the population.
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Abraham, Joseph. "Abject Poverty and Multiple Deprivations in Rural India Based on SECC 2011 in Comparison with NSSO and NFHS: Summary Findings Analyzed." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n1.p10.
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<em>This paper analyzes latest findings from the recently completed Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011(SECC2011), by focusing on rural abject poverty and multi-dimensionality of it by the pre-set seven deprivation parameters across rural India .As per schema of SECC2011 for analyzing the various facets of multi-dimensional poverty, firstly one set of households will be excluded on the basis of 13 automatic exclusion parameters, and subsequently another set of households will be automatically included on the basis of five parameters and finally the remaining set would be subjected to verifications by seven deprivations. Thereby, the SECC 2011 had set in motion an effort to capture some specifics of multidimensional poverty as desired by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) in the Government of India. It is surmised here that the union of automatically included and deprived households will provide a base line of the number of poor through a multi-dimensional mode. The intersection of automatically included households with the seven deprivations variables will also identify the socio economic characteristics of the abjectly poor. Besides presenting the above analysis of SECC data, an attempt is made to compare these findings with those based on the unidimensional National Sample Survey (NSSO) poverty ratios ( by S.Tendulker 2009, C Rangarajan 2012) and multi-dimensional (R. Radhakrishna et al 2010) NFHS data based studies. A separate set of multi-dimensional poverty numbers were arrived at in the past for three Five Year Plans (1992-97, 1997- 02, 2002-07) through the Below Poverty Line (BPL) Censuses that were under taken by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) to identify the poor households through the State/UT Governments. These later estimates of poor households were never permitted to exceed the official poverty ratio worked out by the Planning Commission for respective State/UT governments. The concepts used to arrive at these poor households will be briefly reviewed here as a prelude to explaining the modes operandi of identifying multi dimensional poverty via SECC 2011. A committee was set in up in February 2013 under the Chairmanship of Abhijit Sen , then Planning Commission Member, to examine the SECC indicators for data analysis, to recommend appropriate methodologies for determining classes of beneficiaries for different rural development programmes. Some of the recommendations of the committee would also be put to scrutiny. </em>
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Jarvis, Diane, Natalie Stoeckl, Jane Addison, Silva Larson, Rosemary Hill, Petina Pert, and Felecia Watkin Lui. "Are Indigenous land and sea management programs a pathway to Indigenous economic independence?" Rangeland Journal 40, no. 4 (2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18051.
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This paper focuses on Indigenous business development, an under-researched co-benefit associated with investment in Indigenous land and sea management programs (ILSMPs) in northern Australia. More than 65% of ILSMPs undertake commercial activities that generate revenue and create jobs. In addition to generating environmental benefits, ILSMPs thus also generate economic benefits (co-benefits) that support Indigenous aspirations and help to deliver multiple government objectives. We outline key features of northern Australian economies, identifying factors that differentiate them from Western urbanised economies. We discuss literature highlighting that, if the aim is to stimulate (short-term) economic development in northern Indigenous economies, then the requirement is to stimulate demand for goods and services that are produced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (herein referred to as Indigenous people), and which generate benefits that align with the goals and aspirations of Indigenous people. We also discuss literature demonstrating the importance of promoting a socio-cultural environment that stimulates creativity, which is a core driver of innovation, business development and long-term development. ILSMPs have characteristics suggestive of an ability to kick-start self-sustaining growth cycles, but previous research has not investigated this. Using 8 years of data relating to Indigenous businesses that are registered with the Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations (a subset of all Indigenous businesses), we use statistical tests (Granger causality tests) to check whether ILSMP expenditure in the first year has a positive impact on Indigenous business activity in subsequent years. This analysis (of admittedly imperfect data) produces evidence to support the proposition that expenditure on ILSMPs generates positive spillovers for Indigenous businesses (even those not engaged in land management), albeit with a 3-year lag. ILSMPs have been shown to be an appropriate mechanism for achieving a wide range of short-term benefits; our research suggests they may also work as catalysts for Indigenous business development, fostering sustainable economic independence.
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Costantini, E. A. C., C. Branquinho, A. Nunes, G. Schwilch, I. Stavi, A. Valdecantos, and C. Zucca. "Soil indicators to assess the effectiveness of restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 3645–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3645-2015.
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Abstract. Soil indicators may be used for assessing both land suitability for restoration and the effectiveness of restoration strategies in restoring ecosystem functioning and services. In this review paper, several soil indicators, which can be used to assess the effectiveness of restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales, are discussed. The selected indicators represent the different viewpoints of pedology, ecology, hydrology, and land management. The recovery of soil capacity to provide ecosystem services is primarily obtained by increasing soil rooting depth and volume, and augmenting water accessibility for vegetation. Soil characteristics can be used either as indicators of suitability, that is, inherently slow-changing soil qualities, or as indicators for modifications, namely dynamic, thus "manageable" soil qualities. Soil organic matter forms, as well as biochemistry, micro- and meso-biology, are among the most utilized dynamic indicators. On broader territorial scales, the Landscape Function Analysis uses a functional approach, where the effectiveness of restoration strategies is assessed by combining the analysis of spatial pattern of vegetation with qualitative soil indicators. For more holistic and comprehensive projects, effective strategies to combat desertification should integrate soil indicators with biophysical and socio-economic evaluation and include participatory approaches. The integrated assessment protocol of Sustainable Land Management developed by the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies network is thoroughly discussed. Two overall outcomes stem from the review: (i) the success of restoration projects relies on a proper understanding of their ecology, namely the relationships between soil, plants, hydrology, climate, and land management at different scales, which is particularly complex due to the heterogeneous pattern of ecosystems functioning in drylands, and (ii) the selection of the most suitable soil indicators follows a clear identification of the different and sometimes competing ecosystem services that the project is aimed at restoring.
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Anfuso, Giorgio, Matteo Postacchini, Diana Di Luccio, and Guido Benassai. "Coastal Sensitivity/Vulnerability Characterization and Adaptation Strategies: A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010072.
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Coastal area constitutes a vulnerable environment and requires special attention to preserve ecosystems and human activities therein. To this aim, many studies have been devoted both in past and recent years to analyzing the main factors affecting coastal vulnerability and susceptibility. Among the most used approaches, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) accounts for all relevant variables that characterize the coastal environment dealing with: (i) forcing actions (waves, tidal range, sea-level rise, etc.), (ii) morphological characteristics (geomorphology, foreshore slope, dune features, etc.), (iii) socio-economic, ecological and cultural aspects (tourism activities, natural habitats, etc.). Each variable is evaluated at each portion of the investigated coast, and associated with a vulnerability level which usually ranges from 1 (very low vulnerability), to 5 (very high vulnerability). Following a susceptibility/vulnerability analysis of a coastal stretch, specific strategies must be chosen and implemented to favor coastal resilience and adaptation, spanning from hard solutions (e.g., groins, breakwaters, etc.) to soft solutions (e.g., beach and dune nourishment projects), to the relocation option and the establishment of accommodation strategies (e.g., emergency preparedness).
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Hermini, Susiatiningsih, Farabi Nadia, and Paramasatya Satwika. "Semarang City's Flood Risk: A Threat to Human Security." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 08027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187308027.
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Flood is a natural hazard because it has the potential of natural disasters. Floods threaten human security, as in the socio-political, economic, and environmental aspects. Natural phenomena in the form of flood that routinely occur in Semarang City during the rainy season, can be considered a disaster if it affects humans and the environment. As a downstream area, Semarang City becomes an abundance of water from the rivers; resulting in flood in the rainy season. The condition is worsened with the characteristics of Semarang City, which makes rainfall in the upstream area to flow downstream rapidly. The community in Semarang City has not been freed from the threat of flood, especially those living in the lower regions. The unique characteristics of Semarang area which consists of highland and lowland and adjacent to the sea, makes Semarang prone to flood. When there is still fear of flood disaster threat around in Semarang, human security still have to be pursued. This study is conducted to find out the cause of high risk of flood disaster in Semarang City, especially from 2013 until 2015. This study also aims to explains how flood as a disaster could damage human security in Semarang City as well and therefore suggest how the government of Semarang City should treat the threat of flood wisely.
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Diatta, Samo, Cheikh Waly Diedhiou, Didier Maria Dione, and Soussou Sambou. "Spatial Variation and Trend of Extreme Precipitation in West Africa and Teleconnections with Remote Indices." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090999.
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Extreme precipitation is a great concern for West Africa country, as it has serious consequence on key socio-economic activities. We use high resolution data from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Stations (CHIRPS) to determine the spatial variability, trend of 8 extreme precipitation indices in West Africa and their relationship to remote indices. Spatial variability of extreme is characterized by maximum precipitation over the orographic regions, and in southern Sahel. The trend analysis shows a decrease of dry condition in Sahel and Sahara, and an increase tendency of wet indices over western Sahel and southern Sahel. The correlation analysis reveals that extreme precipitation in Sahel is strongly teleconnected to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), whereas western and western-north Sahel is associated with both Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), Maiden Julian Oscillation phase 8 (MJO8), El Niño 3.4 index (NINO.3.4), and Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole Index (TAPODI) but with different characteristics or directions. Guinean coast extreme precipitation is highly associated with Atlantic zone 3 SST anomaly (ATL3), Northern Cold Tongue Index (NCTI), TAPODI but also with an opposite sign with NINO.3.4 and in somewhat with the MJO8.
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Christowa, Czesława. "River transport in transport policy in Poland and European Union." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 120 (March 1, 2018): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4726.
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Transport policy is one of the most important factors affecting transport systems in individual countries and in Europe as a whole. This article analyzes and evaluates the impact of the transport policy of Poland and that of the European Union on the development of river transport in Poland. The study focuses on the most important political and strategic documents in force in the European Union and in the Republic of Poland in 2001-2017, containing transport system concepts, including plans of long-term construction and modernization of transport infrastructure that partly involve river transport. It has been assumed that river transport should be a priority in the Polish transport system due to its technical, operational and environmental characteristics, safety, low external costs, increased competitiveness of sea ports and the socio-economic development of regions located along rivers. The European Union has been promoting the development of inland waterway, rail and intermodal modes of transport for years, aiming at the reduction of the share of road freight carriage that adversely affects the environment and intensifies congestions. EU transport policy makers have found it necesary to amend the proportions and to integrate sea, inland waterway and rail transport. The European Commission has recommended to develop river transport for its advantages, such as low environmental impact, safety and energy efficiency. The article analyzes and evaluates the conditions, in terms of institutions, legislation and infrastructure, for the development of inland shipping in Poland.
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Berdnikov, S. V., V. V. Kulygin, V. V. Sorokina, L. V. Dashkevich, and I. V. Sheverdyaev. "Integrated mathematical model of the Barents and White seas large marine ecosystem - a tool for assessing natural risks and efficient use of biological resources." Доклады Академии наук 487, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524875566-572.
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Integrated mathematical model of the Barents and White seas LME is proposed as a tool for assessing natural risks and rational use of biological resources. The model includes the following main blocks (modules): a) oceanographic conditions and biological productivity; b) trophodynamics and fishery management; c) environmental and biota pollution; d) socio-economic development; e) assessment of environmental risks from marine activities. Integrated model was used for assessing: the hydrological variability, long-term dynamics of ecosystem productivity and fishing load on the most important commercial species of the Barents Sea. A new zoning of the Barents Sea taking into account the geomorphological and hydrological factors was performed under the guidance of academician G.G. Matishov. Maps of the simulated gross primary production in the Barents Sea for the second half of the 20th and first decade of the 21st centuries are presented. The energy balance in the Barents Sea ecosystem at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century was calculated by trophodynamic model. It is concluded that determination of the fishing load on populations should base on using ecosystem mathematical models instead of single-species models. To estimate the fishing mortality, it is necessary to take into account not only the spatial effects associated with the characteristics of the fishes' life cycle and the distribution of fishing load, but also the influence of climatic factors and inner-ecosystem interactions. The use of modern information technologies, both in the field of primary data analysis, and in the area of their generalization to diagnose past changes, makes it possible to better understand the consequences for the Barents and White seas LME of existing natural resource use plans, taking into account the experience (sometimes negative) of past years and the expected climatic changes.
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Vorovka, V. "Paradynamic landscape system of the azov sea region as a form of landscape space organization." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 64 (2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.64.5.
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One of the forms of landscape space organization, a paradynamic landscape system, is considered by the example of the Azov Sea coast. It is based on the idea of the existence of a specific type of landscape systems formed on the border of contrast environments. In this case – on the border of land and water (coastal zone), in other cases – on the border between mountains and plains, highlands and lowlands, forest and deforested landscapes, etc. The existence of such systems is grounded on the functional principle and strength of contrast-based interrelations. As opposed to the traditional landscape science, paradynamic systems are formed on the basis of interacting types of environments, distinct in their properties. In the study area, they are represented by the patches of land and sea bottom adjacent to the shoreline. The functioning of such a system depends not only on the interactions between natural but also on those between man-made landscapes of adjacent land and marine areas and their various modifications. The publication describes the rationale for distinguishing the borders of the paradynamic landscape system. Such a border between land and sea bottom is represented by the line, to which extends the land impact on the sea and that of the marine environment on the coastal land. For the Ukrainian part of the Azov Sea coast these borders are distinguished as follows: on land it is a line of the watershed and climatic influence of the sea, in marine waters it is an isobath, to which extends the effect of waves on the treatment and redeposition of sediments. The structure shaping links in the Azov Sea paradynamic landscape system are defined. The main land impacts on the sea are referred to the river runoff, coastal processes, and human activities. The sea effects on the land are classified as the climate impact, breeze circulation, and migration of living organisms. Specific examples of various links in the system are given. An essential role in the functioning of these systems is played by human actions, which primarily manifests themselves in such coastal activities as fishing, marine transport, recreation and tourism, aquaculture. For the effective management of the shoreline, the borders of paradynamic coastal systems and their system-forming factors should be taken into consideration. A detailed knowledge of the functioning of the Azov paradynamic landscape system is the basis for the integrated management of the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. The latter, in addition to economic and social matters, requires a deep understanding of specific properties of the coastal environment. We cannot apply here a unified approach, since each coastal zone is characterized by its own unique conditions of the formation, development, and its own resource base thus requiring individual solutions and approaches to its integrated management. Basing on the long-term scientific data, this will enable the implementation of a comprehensive, well-planned and sustainable use of resources, functions and services of coastal zones. As a result, the maximum environmental and socio-economic efficiency of using the area can be reached. The knowledge of the intensity of coastal erosion and accumulation, characteristics of wind and hydrological regimes, characteristics of pollution and migration of contaminants etc. will assist in making adequate management decisions and preventing many unexpected problems in the future.
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Gusakov, S., and A. Kravchenko. "Rationale for the Role and Importance of Short-Haul Shipping for Port Development." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (63) (2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-1(63)-84-89.
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Short Sea Shipping involves the transport of goods and passengers using watercraft over a limited distance and without crossing the ocean. A direct competitor to land transport, it uses ports and inland waterways to complement traditional transport systems to increase capacity, increase flexibility and achieve sustainable transport mobility. The short haul category does not have an official and universally recognized definition. However, several attempts have been made to establish its boundaries and come up with a definition that accurately reflects the content. The definition given by the European Commission: "The movement of goods and passengers by sea between ports located geographically in Europe, or between ports located in non-European countries with coasts on closed seas and bordering Europe" is widely used today. A deep understanding of the serious socio-economic and environmental impacts of road transport operations compels policymakers at different institutional levels (e.g. local, national and regional) to act accordingly and introduce a range of targeted policy frameworks, strategies and interventions to support the broader development and exploitation of others. modes of transport (i.e. rail, inland waterways), thus helping to unload road networks, thus realizing significant improvements in terms of air quality, road safety, and so on. Taking into account the geographic characteristics of the main trading regions of the world, as well as the priorities set by the relevant government authorities, and funds (both public and private) allocated for infrastructure projects, railways, short-distance shipping and inland waterways were considered with a view to establishing additional opportunities to ensure dynamic growth. So, sea transportation over short distances competes with land transport. First of all, they have a geographic advantage, the sea offers more route options and more flexibility for ships. Another benefit concerns economies of scale. Environmental sustainability is the main benefit of short sea shipping. It also has a lower carbon footprint per tonnekilometer than trucks. In addition, maritime transport offers various social benefits. Unloading of road networks is carried out by transferring traffic from land to sea. Ensuring the further development of ports provides for a more detailed study of such a segment as short-distance sea transportation.
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Xie, Xiaotong, Xiaoshun Li, and Weikang He. "A Land Space Development Zoning Method Based on Resource–Environmental Carrying Capacity: A Case Study of Henan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 1, 2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030900.
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As a key element in China’s spatial planning, the development zoning of land space has become a focus of China’s current activity. During its rapid social and economic development, China has faced severe and diverse challenges regarding sustainable development, such as farmland occupation, environmental degradation, urban land disorder expansion, etc. Against this backdrop, research on the linkage between resource–environmental carrying capacity (RECC) and the development zoning of land space in the process of sustainable development has received increased attention, and an accurate evaluation of the RECC would provide useful guidance for Chinese policy makers to carry out the development zoning of land space. This paper uses Henan Province as an example to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of “resource carrying capacity (RCC)–eco–environmental carrying capacity (EECC)–socio–economic carrying capacity (SECC)”, which calculates the level of RECC in a provincial area. In addition, this paper designs a correlation model between the RECC and the development zoning of land space, which uses a three-dimensional magic cube evaluation model to analyze the development zoning layout of land space. The results showed that a geographical pattern exists, where in the southwestern areas of Henan Province have a higher RECC than the central and northeastern areas. The results also indicated that the land space patterns of Henan Province can be divided into seven types of areas through a three-dimensional magic cube evaluation model, which can better reflect the spatial differentiation characteristics of the comprehensive index of RECC. The results of this study offer an important reference for policy-makers to make decisions and also provide a scientific and pragmatic basis for the formulation of sustainable development strategies.
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KTITOROV, Sergey N., and Оlga V. KTITOROVA. "ENTERTAINMENT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE BLACK SEA PROVINCE AS A REFLECTION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL REQUESTS OF THE REGIONAL COMMUNITY (late 19th - early 20th century)." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 6/1 (January 18, 2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/1-150-157.
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The article discusses the formation of entertainment infrastructure in the cities of the Black Sea province in the late 19th - early 20th century. in close connection with the development of the recreational function of the region. The dependence of the process of creation and activity of leisure establishments on the sociocultural demands and needs of the regional community is shown. The characteristic of natural geographic, socio-economic, demographic and other factors influencing the organization of various forms of recreation, both visitors and local residents, is given. The authors conclude that entertainment for members of regional society was one of the ways to overcome the feeling of alienation and isolation from the outside world. The focus of the article is on the consideration of cinemas and circuses, which in the pre-revolutionary period in Russia were the most popular entertainment establishments and attracted the largest number of viewers. The study provides detailed statistical information about cinemas in Novorossiysk and other cities of the Black Sea province, assesses their material base, characterizes the genre variety of the repertoire. Also highlights the specifics of organizing circus performances, and other leisure activities. It justifies the conclusion that the extensive network of entertainment establishments that developed in the Black Sea cities in the pre-revolutionary period served the sociocultural requests of both the local population and the visiting resort community, and their activity became one of the factors shaping a specific urban lifestyle that is brighter and more dynamic than weekdays Russian village. According to the authors, the spread among various social groups of citizens of various forms of leisure was a reflection of the democratization of society and was the result of modernization processes sweeping the country.
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Benitez, Rodrigo, Leslie Degroot, Mario Paredes, and Wilson Pañafiel. "Yodo, Bocio y Cretinismo endémicos en la región Andina del Ecuador." Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas 5, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26807/remcb.v5i1.106.
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An inventory of the total population of isolated rural villages of the most affected Ecuadorian Andean provinces by endemic goiter was made. In each of these villages iodine content in urine, salt and water was determined. It was conclusive that the chronic iodine deficiency is sine qua non condition for the endemic; but the severity of the endemic; but the severity of the endemic doesn’t have relationship with the magnitude of the lack, rather due to the intercourse of socio-economic and biological intercurrent deficitary factors. Even with the iodine deficiency and the intercourse of the communities located more than 3,500 m, adove sea level, did not present goiter with endemic characteristics. The severity of the endemic was determined to be correlated with: incidence of nodular goiters, in the general population in the first two decades of life, presence of big goiters, incidence of goiters mean in the relation to that in woman. All of wich is epidemiologically related to the incidence of defects that would begin appearing in endemic form in a community, and in accord to the severity would follow the following order of appearing in the endemic form in a community, and in accord to the severity would follow the following order od appearance: motor abnormalities, mental deficiency, deafmutism, deafness and mutism. Finally, a familiar tendency was clearly demonstrated so that a cretin child would be born, and no relationship, on familial level, between incidence and type of goiter and the appearance.
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Akhmadiyev, A. K., and D. S. Brylov. "СASPIAN SEA: ASPECTS OF SUBSOIL USE AND GEOPOLITICAL ISSUES." Geopolitics and Ecogeodynamics of regions 6(16), no. 4 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2309-7663-2020-6-4-36-48.
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Consideration of the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea seems very relevant both from the social and political point of view and from the point of view of the organization of subsoil use. Today, the Caspian hydrocarbon reserves are estimated at about 3% of the total world reserves, which makes this region a place of attraction for many subsoil users, as well as a place of clash of private and public, as well as interstate interests. It is the study of interrelations and mutual influences of socio-economic and mineral components in this region that is most important for understanding the system of relations in the region and their forecasts. The aim is to analyze retrospectively the formation of common rules of relations in the Caspian region and determine the role of the mineral factor in them. The basis for writing the article was a review and comparison of publicly available domestic and foreign literary sources concerning both the question of the right status of the Caspian Sea and the features of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea, as well as a critical analysis of regulations. The sources were sampled taking into account the time period from 2000 to 2020. Among the features of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea were identified and described physical-geographical, primarily climatic, geological, engineering-geological and ecological features. When considering the chronology of the solution of the «Caspian issue», close attention was paid to the characteristics of the Caspian summits and the main events associated with the intensification of subsoil use in the Caspian Sea. In particular, the events related to the laying of oil pipelines by Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan, the participation of large energy companies in the development of fields, the contradictions that have arisen between countries on the basis of subsoil use were considered. In addition, the key provisions of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea adopted in 2018 were considered. The main thing that the retrospective analysis has shown is that the role of the mineral factor in the formation of relations in the Caspian region is enormous. It can be considered one of the main reasons for long, hesitant steps (which took more than 20 years) on the way to solving the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea. At the same time, it should be recognized that even the adopted Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea has not been able to fully resolve the problem of subsoil use in this region, which gives an impulse to search for new ideas in solving this problem
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Parra Camacho, David, Ferran Calabuig Moreno, Vicente Añó Sanz, Daniel Ayora Pérez, and Juan Manuel Núñez Pomar. "El impacto de un evento deportivo mediano: percepción de los residentes de la comunidad de acogida (The impact of a medium-size sporting event: The host community perceptions)." Retos, no. 26 (March 6, 2015): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34407.
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El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las percepciones de los residentes de una ciudad sede sobre un evento deportivo de mediana escala, como es el Open 500 de tenis de Valencia, a través de la identificación de grupos cuya actitud hacia este evento sea similar. Después de la realización de la encuesta se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio que permitió agrupar la escala de 23 ítems en cuatro factores: impacto socio-cultural y deportivo, impacto en el desarrollo urbano y las infraestructuras, impacto socio-económico e impacto en la imagen y la promoción. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis clúster combinando métodos jerárquicos y no jerárquicos, que permitió encontrar tres grupos de residentes: Favorables, Moderados y Desfavorables. Finalmente se observaron las características del perfil y las diferencias entre los grupos de residentes. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de ciudadanos favorable al evento era bastante reducido en comparación con los otros dos colectivos. También, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables relacionadas con el interés por el deporte, la asistencia al acontecimiento, el grado de afición por el tenis, el respaldo a la celebración del evento, el trabajo vinculado al sector del turismo o los eventos y la identificación con la política de eventos deportivos. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una información útil a los organizadores de eventos deportivos y autoridades para comprender y atender mejor las necesidades y demandas de los ciudadanos.Palabras clave: evento deportivo mediano, percepción de los residentes, impacto social, análisis clúster.Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the residents perceptions of a city based on a medium-scale sporting event, such as tennis Open 500 Valencia, through the identification of groups whose attitude toward this event is similar. After completing the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was performed grouping the 23-item scale in four factors: socio-cultural and sports impact, infrastructure and urban impact, socio- economic impact and impact on the image and promotion. Second, cluster analysis was performed combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, which allowed finding three groups of residents: Favorable, Moderate and Unfavorable. Finally, profile observed characteristics and differences between groups of residents. The results showed that the group of citizens with a favorable attitude towards the event was relatively small compared to the other two groups. Also, statistically significant differences were found in the variables related to the interest in the sport, event attendance, degree of fondness for tennis, supporting the event, the work related to tourism or events and the identification with sports events policy. The results of this study provide useful information for sports event organizers and authorities to understand and better meet the needs and demands of citizens.Key words: medium-scale sporting event, residents’ perceptions, social impact, cluster analysis.
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Atsutoshi, Hamashima. "COMMUNAL RELIGION IN JIANGNAN DELTA RURAL VILLAGES IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA." International Journal of Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (June 21, 2011): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591411000039.
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This article addresses the broad question of the sense of community in traditional Chinese villages, through consideration of popular cults found throughout the most highly developed region in Late Imperial China: the Jiangnan Delta. A key clue is a large-scale tenant-farmer revolt in Zhaowen County in 1846. When the uprising was suppressed, not only were twenty human ringleaders executed, but images of four local gods from village temples, who were believed to have sanctioned the rebellion, were also seized by the authorities and exposed for one year at the gates of the Zhaowen County City God temple. All four had three characteristics in common: (1) they were anthropomorphic, with human names; (2) they had living descendants of the same surname; (3) all were associated with stories involving miraculous protection of tax grain transport to the North. The descendants of these gods, all possession-type spirit mediums, or shamans, based in the villages, created the gods in response to the needs of their clients, large-scale landlords who bore responsibility for sea transport of tax grain to the North. In the mid-sixteenth century, fundamental socio-economic changes took place in the Jiangnan Delta. The landlords disappeared from the villages, leaving only the farmers, who were turning to cottage industries for cash to supplement inadequate food crop yields. The spirit mediums responded to the changes and modified their gods for a new set of clients, resulting in the survival of these cults down to the present day.
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Dağtekin, Murat, Devrim Selim Misir, İsa Şen, Cemil Altuntaş, Gülsüm Balçik Misir, and Ali Çankaya. "Small-scale fisheries in the southern Black Sea: Which factors affect net profit?" Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.62792.
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Small-scale fisheries (SSF) is a local and community-based activity that can be traced back to ancient times, and thus, closely related to the history of humankind. However, large-scale fisheries have grown tremendously, approaching an industrial sector in the last century, due to their socio-economic and political properties, including both national and international aspects. This progress towards industrial-scale fisheries led to the involvement of scientific research, first aiming to improve production efficiency, and then, to protect ecosystems as resources exploited for fisheries activity, by mitigating their adverse impacts. During this evolutionary progress, SSF was usually neglected because of their limited production ability, and thus minimal economic contribution, until the later phase when the protection of ecosystem resources gained sufficient importance. As a result of this, many countries lack data on SSF, undermining efforts for the creation of proper policies for this type of fisheries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity and the effects of some demographic characteristics, boat structures, and some cost (input) items on the net profit of SSF in the Black Sea. The eligible sample for this study consisted of 5575 small-scale fishing boats in the Black Sea. The number of fishers to be surveyed was determined as 315 using the “Simple Random Sampling” method, based on operators of boats < 12 m, i.e., boats in the SSF. Questionnaires were conducted face-to-face with fishers. In this study, it was tested if six parameters were investigated to determine whether they had a significant effect on net profit in SSF. These parameters were: (1) engine power; (2) number of fishing days; (3) boat length; (4) consumption of fuel in fishing; (5) education level of fishers; and (6) overall professional experience of fishers. To do so, Simple Linear Regression Analysis was performed to determine the effect of the data considered as independent variables when the net profit was set as the dependent variable. Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793); whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758); rapa whelk, Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846); and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) were the most important commercial fish species for small scale fishing. When catch per boat in SSF was evaluated, Kırklareli province ranked first with 97 007 kg, with Atlantic bonito (44 778 kg) being the most common species caught. Samsun had the second-largest catch per boat with 91 761 kg. The total net profit of 303 boats was calculated as €1 794 938 and the mean net profit per boat was €5924. The highest per boat mean net profit (€25 909) was in Kırklareli. According to the results of the study, the number of days at the sea, boat length, engine power, and fuel cost had a significant effect on the net profit while education level and professional experience were not important in productivity. The economically-fragile SSF sector may need some kind of supporting subsidy. It would be beneficial to provide support to the majority of fishers active in the SSF in terms of complementary alternative employment opportunities in the regions where they are located.
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Rumyantsev, Aleksey A. "Post-industrial Technologies in the Economy of the North-West of Russia." Economy of Region 17, no. 1 (March 2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-1-8.
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A new class of post-industrial technologies is gradually being introduced into various sectors of the economy. However, the lack of application experience may hinder their spread. The article examines two issues of post-industrial technologies. Firstly, there is a need to identify promising (advanced) production technologies that are fundamentally different from traditional industrial technologies. Secondly, the study aims to assess the current stage of the development and application of these technologies on the example of the North-West of Russia. This assessment may be of interest for understanding the advantages of the technologies’ use and the possibility of their distribution. The article describes the application of post-industrial technologies, giving examples of their use for attracting business and expanding the functions and responsibilities of regional authorities. Based on the structural method, post-industrial technologies were divided into various types: renewable energy sources, nanotechnologies, and information and communication technologies (ICTs). The article shows their distribution across the regions of the North- West of Russia, companies that implement post-industrial technologies and their products. The paper reveals the characteristics and definition of post-industrial technologies, as well as the specificity of their application in regions. In the North-West of Russia, regions with large resources in wind and water as well as partly solar energy sectors use renewable energy sources applying hybrid power systems (wind/solar, wind/solar/diesel) to supply power to remote small villages without centralised electricity systems. Nanotechnology are applied in the production of composite materials, metal-ceramic materials, nanoelectronics, laser cladding. Biotechnologies are used for processing animal waste and resources of the White Sea for the production of compound fertilisers, fast-degradable polymers, and biocomposites. Digital technologies are applied for the development of smart cities, smart power system, digital shipyard, robotics with artificial intelligence elements. The paper identifies the field of business application of post- industrial technologies, highlighting the increasing localisation and individualisation of production due to such technologies. The research results can be used for the elaboration of socio-economic development strategies, recommendations for business structures in the implementation of post-industrial technologies. Further studies should focus on the economic analysis of postindustrial technologies application, their convergence in production processes.
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Martínez-Cevallos, Daniel, Mario Alguacil, and Fernando García-Pascual. "Análisis de los criterios de importancia y motivación para la elección de centros deportivos en función de variables sociodemográficas (Analysis of importance and motivation criteria for choosing sports centres according to socio-demographic variables)." Retos, no. 39 (August 6, 2020): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80093.
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El presente artículo pretende analizar qué aspectos consideran importantes los usuarios de centros deportivos y qué elementos les motivan a inscribirse en ellos, atendiendo a características sociodemográficas como el género, el nivel de estudios, la ocupación o el nivel socioeconómico. Para ello, se han analizado las opiniones de usuarios actuales y potenciales de centros deportivos, preguntándoles acerca de los aspectos comentados anteriormente, ofreciendo una escala de respuesta tipo Likert de 5 puntos. Los resultados indican que la localización del centro, así como que el centro tenga entrenadores personales, actividades dirigidas y que sea multidisciplinar, son elementos importantes para ellos. Por otro lado, también se observa que la higiene, la amabilidad de los entrenadores, el equipamiento o el nivel tecnológico del centro, son los elementos que les motivan a la hora de elegir un centro deportivo. Por tanto, conociendo los criterios de importancia y motivación, los gestores disponen de información útil para poder orientar de manera más efectiva sus estrategias de marketing, con la intención de ajustarse en mayor medida a las demandas e intereses de los usuarios, mejorando la satisfacción de los usuarios actuales y aumentando las probabilidades de elección por parte de los potenciales.
Abstract. This article aims to analyse which aspects are considered important by users of sports centres and which elements motivate them to join such centres, considering socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, educational level, occupation or socio-economic level. For this purpose, the opinions of current and potential users of sports centres have been analysed, asking them about the aspects mentioned above, offering a 5-point Likert type response scale. The results indicate that centre location, as well as the fact that the centre has personal trainers, guided activities and that it is multidisciplinary, are important elements for them. On the other hand, it is also observed that hygiene, the kindness of trainers, the equipment or the technological level of the centre, are the elements that motivate them when choosing a sports centre. Therefore, knowing the importance and motivation criteria, managers have useful information to be able to orient their marketing strategies more effectively, with the intention of adjusting to the demands and interests of users to a greater extent, improving the satisfaction of current users and increasing the probabilities of choice by potential users.
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Chernikova, T. V. "Crimean-Ottoman Factor in the Socio-Cultural System of Russia in Early Modern Times." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 115–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-115-148.
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Abstract: The article gives a description of the sociocultural organization of Russia and the peculiarities of its geopolitical position in the system of international relations of the early modern period. Questions were raised about the reasons for the rapid territorial expansion of the Russian state in the second half of the 15-17 centuries, as well as its high competitiveness in foreign policy both in relations with its western neighbors and in the eastern direction.For the states of Western Europe with the beginning of their modernization, modern age has come, however “Muscovy” in the 15-17 centuries remained a medieval country. At the same time, it not only did not share the fate of many eastern powers with a traditional way, which turned into the 17th-19th centuries in the colony and semi-colony, but also, on the contrary, it led a successful colonial expansion and demonstrated externally the almost synchronous trends in state building that were inherent in the Western European countries.The author believes that the patrimonial structure of the sociocultural system of the Russian state in the 15-17 centuries contributed to the mobilization of internal material and human resources, coupled with an early superficial “Europeanization” (regular borrowing the military, technical, and cultural experience of modernizing Western Europe), ensured Russia's competitiveness in the world. Since the emergence of the united Moscow state, Russia has developed as a land empire.However, the strategic national task of Russia was not to preserve the medieval patrimony, but to create the prerequisites for its modernization. Amid the socio-economic development, which is characteristic of all countries with a patrimonial structure, that could have started only by transferring the center of Russian extensive agriculture to the southern fertile lands. This would free part of the population of the non-chernozem center for trade and industrial activities. But the transfer of the agrarian center to the south was restrained by the constant military danger from the Wild Field, which was part of the Horde, and then the Crimean Khanate, backed until the end of the 18 century by the Ottoman Empire, perceiving the Black Sea with its “inland lake”. As a result, the struggle for the Black Sea and Crimea to become a part of Russia, as well as the overcoming the patrimonial order, becomes a matter of civilizational success or failure of Russia in the context of world history.
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Subair, Lala M. Kolopaking, Soeryo Adiwibowo, and M. Bambang Pranowo. "ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM KOMUNITAS DESA: STUDI KASUS DI KAWASAN PESISIR UTARA PULAU AMBON." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 6, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v6i1.2943.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis strategi adaptasi komunitas nelayan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Lokasi penelitian di desa nelayan Asilulu, ditetapkan secara purposive mewakili karakteristik desa pesisir di kawasan pantai utara pulau Ambon Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kasus historis sebuah metode studi sosiologi yang memadukan dua pendekatan yaitu sosiologi sejarah dan sejarah sosiologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode hermeunetik dan dialektika dalam waktu kurang lebih 2 tahun (April 2010 Juni 2012) menggunakan teknik pengamatan berperan serta, focus group discussion, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa komunitas nelayan di desa Asilulu telah merasakan dampak dari perubahan iklim yang menekan sistem penghidupan mereka meliputi kenaikan permukaan laut, intensitas badai dan gelombang tinggi, perubahan fishing ground dan kekacauan musim tangkap. Kerentanan komunitas dikategorikan tingkat sedang dan karenanya masih dalam area coping range komunitas. Nelayan melakukan adaptasi proaktif dan reaktif dalam strategi adaptasi fisik, sosial-ekonomi, dan sumber daya manusia yang sejauh ini mampu meningkatkan lebar selang toleransi sehingga kerentanan dapat dikurangi dan resiliensi sistem meningkat. Kondisi ini membuat komunitas nelayan cukup resilien.The purpose of this study is to identify the adaptation strategies of a fishing community to respond the impact of climate change. Location of the study in the fishing village Asilulu, determined purposively to represent the characteristics of the coastal villages in the north coast of the island of Ambon Maluku. The method used is the method of historical case a sociological study method that combines two approaches, historical sociology and sociological history. Data collected between April 2010-June 2012, using the technique of participant observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and literature. Research shows that the fishing community in the village Asilulu have felt the impact of climate change which suppress their livelihood systems include sea level rise, storm intensity and high waves, changes in fishing grounds and fishing seasons chaos. Community vulnerability and therefore categorized as being still in the area of community coping range. Fishermen proactive adaptation and reactive adaptation strategies in physical, socio-economic, and human resources are so far able to increase the width of the tolerance interval so that vulnerabilities can be reduced and the resilience of the system increases.
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Bharthuar, Anubha, and Shamit Chopra. "Neutropenic complications with carboplatin AUC 5 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 (CP) regimen in Indian patients: A community-based single center experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e19607-e19607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e19607.
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e19607 Background: In most oncology clinical trials, the majority of patients are of Caucasian ethnicity. It is often difficult to apply the same chemotherapy with equal dose intensity in Indian patients due to increased risk of complications. The exact incidence of complications & whether the difference in chemotherapy tolerability is due to genetic or environmental factors remain unclear. We provide a community-based single center experience with the commonly used CP regimen in Indian patients. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients who received CP regimen (Cockroft Gault formula for CrCl) from September 2010 to December 2011 was undertaken. Incidence of neutropenic complications, G-CSF utilization & pRBC transfusion was determined. Results: Fifty six patients received 194 cycles of CP (range 1-8 cycles, median 3 cycles, mean paclitaxel dose 256mg, mean carboplatin dose 431mg, average BSA 1.56). Clinical characteristics : male 16, female 40; age range 34 - 82 yrs, median 55 yrs; site - breast 6, ovary 19, cervix/uterus 11, esophagus 8, others 12; stage – I/II/III 7, IV 42; histology – SCC 21, Adenoca 34. After the 1st cycle, there were 8 neutropenic complications (14%)- 4 patients (7%) with neutropenia (ANC<1500 cells/mm3) and 4 patients (7%) with neutropenic fever. Forty-two patients received the 2nd cycle, & in total 12 patients required G-CSF support (28%). There were 3 deaths, 2 due to neutropenic fever & sepsis. Average baseline hemoglobin was 11.5gm/dl with 5 episodes of pRBC transfusion. Conclusions: Although the incidence of neutropenia in Indian patients receiving CP is not higher than previous reports (20-25%), there is a much higher incidence of neutropenic fever (over the reported 1-2%) & death, resulting in high G-CSF utilization. This raises several issues such as the role of prophylactic antibiotics, impact of environmental & socio-economic factors (compromised nutritional status & hygiene, lack of disease insight & lack of access to urgent health care). We will need to implement additional measures, increase patient & family awareness by frequent education & counseling so as to reduce complications & improve clinical outcomes in Indian patients.
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Koval, Yu P., V. M. Dvornyk, L. B. Yerys, and Ya V. Koval. "ANALYSIS OF MODERN ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF PATHOLOGICAL ABRASION DEVELOPMENT OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH (ACCORDING TO LITERATURE SOURCES)." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2020.05.
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Relevance. Tooth abrasion is an inevitable consequence of their evolutionarily determined purpose of acquiring food through predation, detention, capture, grinding, chewing and swallowing. The mechanism of odontogenesis, according to which the amelogenesis of enamel ends with the death of ameloblasts before eruption, makes it impossible to recover enamel after damaging. Accordingly, any damage of any source is reflected on the hardest and oldest remains of creatures with teeth forever. Thus, tooth abrasion has a multifactorial origin and is based on diet and eating habits, oral hygiene, bruxism, brushing habits, xerostomia, anorexia, gastro-oesophageal reflex disease, vomiting, bulimia, and medications. Because enamel is the most wear-resistant tissue, the hardness and thickness of the enamel become evolutionary responses to environmental and dietary changes. In different periods of human development, there were certain, inherent in the time and territory of residence, taste preferences, eating habits, cooking methods, popular dishes. Constant acceleration, efforts to be on time everywhere, urbanization and industrialization have forced people to adapt, change their habits, including food. Fast food has become popular: chips, nuts, crackers and other snacks. Sour sauces and various salad dressings are added to them. A large selection of carbonated sweet drinks, or containing natural juices, gradually displace the habit of plain water drinking. On the other hand, modern fast-paced life causes increased nervous load, chronic stress, irritability and constant fatigue, which in turn affects the tone of the masticatory muscles. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the presence of somatic diseases, behavioral habits, individual characteristics of the bite, working conditions. Impact of numerous factors lead to changes of old hard tissues. Different types and forms of tooth abrasion are a great example of this. Among the non-caries lesions that develop after the eruption of permanent teeth, tooth abrasion is a common problem.
Purpose of the research: to study contemporary etiological factors of developing of tooth abrasion (according to the literature).
Object of the research: sources of domestic and foreign literature.
Results of the research. According to the opinion of some authors, tooth abrasion is an irreversible loss of tooth substance caused by physical, chemical and mechanical factors excluding caries and acute injury. Note, there are several factors present in each clinical case and one of them is dominant. Currently, there is a significant increase in tooth abrasion prevalence because of contacts with acids that are present in food, drinks and gastric juice. This pathology is a complex condition and its progress depends on influence of chemical, biological and behavioural factors. Tooth abrasion is not present in all people, who are predisposed to this disease. The relationship between enamel genes and tooth abrasion propensity has been identified. The prevalence is higher among males. There is a proved connection between changes in the gene responsible for the enamel creation and lower tendency to abrasion in females. Analyses have shown a significant connection between variation in enamel genes and less susceptibility to tooth abrasion in women. Thus, the occurrence of tooth abrasion can be genetically determined and have a gender difference. This can be explained by the fact that men have better developed masticatory muscles. In young people, who visit gyms more commonly, tooth abrasion is the prevalent diagnosis especially local forms. In patients with bruxism, the forces applied to the teeth are bigger and the tooth abrasion is higher too. Peculiarities of occlusion are also possible factors of tooth abrasion. The most prominent tooth abrasion occurs in patients with straight bite. Teeth and jaws development abnormalities also cause tooth abrasion. People aged 45-64 and 65+ were 1.3 and 1.4 times more likely to have teeth with moderate to severe abrasion, respectively, compared to people aged 18-44. In adult men, the prevalence of tooth abrasion is 20% higher than in adult women. Adults who have used occlusal splints have a higher prevalence of tooth abrasion than those who have never used them. The prevalence of the disease in children older than 12 years was found to be 50% lower than in children younger than 12 years. No association was found between tooth abrasion and orthodontic treatment, absence of teeth, race or ethnicity.
There is a close connection between the frequency and degree of tooth abrasion and age of workers, as well as work experience in harmful production. There is a growth of the pathology among workers of antimony and mercury industries. Damaging factors exist in the process of production of iron ore. Moreover, the height of the city above sea level changes the dynamics and clinical picture of the disease too. The highest rate of the horizontal type was found in (78.3%) people living in alpine zone, while in the medium mountains it was 68.4%. In the low-mountains the prevalence of the horizontal form of tooth abrasion was 46.9% only. Localized tooth abrasion in alpine areas is almost twice as frequent (65.5%) as the generalised forms (34.7%). Localized tooth abrasion was more typical for urban residents, and generalised for rural.
Socio-economic status can also contribute to tooth abrasion. In their study, the authors found a much higher value of it in the lowest socio-economic category. This link between brushing teeth and socioeconomic factors may be related to diet, lifestyle habits, oral health awareness, or the choice of prosthetic techniques.
Conclusion. Based on the study of sources in domestic and foreign literature, the authors showed great interest in the problem of the prevalence of tooth abrasion. However, the question of the etiology of the localized form is given insufficient attention, which requires further study.