Academic literature on the topic 'Socio economic interests'

Among those countries that faced the so-called Arab Spring in 2011, Tunisia is the last one for which hope for a successful democratic transition remains justified. However, the country’s comparatively favourable institutional evolution has led to a dangerous complacency not only in Europe but across the West. While important reforms have been implemented, democracy has so far failed to fulfil the high expectations it has raised within the population. Tunisians’ discontent with their living conditions and the new system’s perceived inability to deliver are fundamental threats to the country’s transition. This article argues that the EU has a major interest in making Tunisia a democratic and socio-economic success story, as failure would not only constitute a lost opportunity to create a role model in the region but would also jeopardise European security interests. The EU should therefore provide more substantial support with the aim of realising socio-economic improvements in Tunisia.

This analysis to know the determine the effect of Socioeconomic Status of Parents of the students 'entrepreneurial interest, Effect of Economic Literacy for students' entrepreneurial interest, Effect on Interest Entrepreneurial Confidence Students and the Effect of Socio economic Status of Parents, Economic Literacy and self Confidence toEntrepreneurial Student Interests with partial and collectively - together/simultaneously in SMP at Mejoyo Tenggilis Subdistrict Surabaya. This study is using multiple linear regression analysis with a quantitative approach.The study population of 686 students and a sample of 253 students was taken by random sampling propotional.Based on the results of research and discussion of the results of this study concluded that the results the Socio-Economic Status of Parents, Economic Literacy, and Self Confidence influence the Entrepreneurial Interests with significant

During a visit to Kenya in June 1987, Yitzhak Shamir defended Israel's relations with Pretoria by claiming that everyone knows ‘our only interest in ties with South Africa is the existence there of a large Jewish community’. Although most analysts might claim that pragmatism and realpolitik are the sole foundations for Israeli–South African ties, the Prime Minister's explanation is in line with similar authoritative statements made in the past, namely: that Israel's national concerns in its relations with South Africa have been influenced by the collective interests of the latter's Jewish population.

The article analyzes the role of state regulation in harmonization of the socio-economic interest system in the Arctic Zone of Russian Federation (AZRF) in the current institutional environment. Research and development of new institutions, forms of economic behavior in AZRF are especially topical in the new economic reality. They play an important role in ensuring energy and national security, which leads to increased attention to the pace and quality of the region development. The interdisciplinary management approach is required for AZRF development, because it covers social, economic, and environmental factors. The study has proven that the regional industry and transport development leads to a complex system of contradictory socio-economic interests: business, state and local population, including indigenous peoples. AZRF development effects are ranked by the degree of economic relation participants’ interests. The socio- economic interest system is analyzed. According to the authors, the general trend of AZRF development in the near future will greatly depend on accountability that the state assumes for the results of the region development, which requires tightening the institutional conditions of economic management and developing a new economic model. The study results can be used to justify the public policy in the elaboration of strategies for AZRF development.

One feature that marks religious social conflicts in the past with different social conflicts going on right now, that social conflict in the past are vertical, because the movement aimed against the Dutch colonial government, were social conflicts now occur among citizens who have different political and economic interest, which they happen to different religions. Thus, it may be said that the socio-religious conflict has now shifted compared to social movements in the past. That’s because our interests are first against the Dutch colonialists considered infidels, was now his interests are economic opportunities and political struggles, it’s just covered with religious issues in order to gain broad support among the group. This paper would like to elaborate a shift in socio-religious conflict in Indonesia. KEY WORDS:Religious Social Conflict, New Order, Political Interest, Economic Interest, Dutch Colonial Government, Moslem, Christian.

Preferential settlement along the coasts of water bodies (rivers, lakes, seas), dictated by a variety of production and recreational factors, has always been accompanied by environmental disruptions. A specific complex of social, environmental and economic problems arose with the beginning of mass cottage development of Russian coasts. At the same time, certain environmental risks were ignored. Until that time, the country had strict restrictions on the approach of dwellings to water and the operational regimes of households in the water protection zone. Particularly strict regulation for construction and operation of dwellings existed for the coasts of sources of communal water supply to cities and rural settlements and in resort and recreation zones. Today, coastal development is in many ways a chaotic process, accompanied by a wide range of legal and environmental violations. A critical situation developed on the sources of water supply in Moscow, at water supply facilities in other cities of the Russian Federation, on the sea coasts of the Krasnodar Krai and Crimea. Residents of prestigious coastal settlements form a large social group with a specific mentality. Very often it is based on a persistent desire to ignore environmental-legal imperatives for the sake of possessing expensive real estate and elitist recreation conditions. The methodology for study of the situation, based on the general principles of systemic analysis of socio-environmental-economic processes, makes it possible to significantly bring the economic interests of the social group in question closer to environmental and state interests. There is proposed a concept of improving the situation through proof of the inevitable depreciation of coastal real estate due to environmental degradation of water bodies on the banks of which unregulated development is conducted. At the same time, both the deterioration of the recreational climate up to a complete discomfort and the immediate economic losses of the population expressed by drop in the price of land and households in the real estate market, are equally important factors of depreciation.

The income policy is shown as an effective tool for stimulating the economic growth of the organization with the interests of the main social groups of employees and employers. It carries the content of incentives, providing employees with an additional old-age pension, and also plays a significant incentive role for employees. In modern conditions, an organization, that wants to be a market leader in terms of the quality of its products and services, must take a very serious approach to developing a social policy for its employees.

Калантаєвська, О. О. Формування стратегії сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі України : дис. ... д-ра філософії : 051 / О. О. Калантаєвська. - Київ, 2021. - 269 с.
Дисертація присвячена обґрунтуванню теоретико-методичних засад та розробці практичних рекомендацій щодо формування стратегії сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі України. Встановлено, що аграрна галузь України володіє потужним потенціалом розвитку за рахунок забезпеченості сільськогосподарськими земельними угіддями та високої родючості ґрунтів, що є підґрунтям для розширення її експортних можливостей та потенціалу на міжнародних ринках. Здійснене дослідження кризоутворювальних та стратегічних факторів, які визначають розвиток й функціонування структури агарної галузі дозволило об’єднати наявні фактори у групи включаючи: природно-ресурсні, економічні, соціальнодемографічні, науково-технічні, інфраструктурні чинники ендогенного та екзогенного впливу. Концептуальні пріоритети політики сталого розвитку аграрної галузі мають враховувати тенденції світових ринків, високий рівень міжнародної конкуренції та системну присутність аграрного сектору економіки України на сировинних ринках. Доведено, що подальший розвиток аграрної галузі України потребує вирішення наступних актуальних завдань щодо: удосконалення механізму земельних відносин та створення сприятливих умов для розвитку землекористування, розвитку високоефективного конкурентоспроможного сільськогосподарського виробництва; модернізації та реструктуризації аграрної галузі та існуючих форм господарювання в сфері аграрного бізнесу у відповідності до практики та міжнародного досвіду; стимулювання, розвиток та підтримки малого і середнього підприємництва в системі аграрної галузі України; орієнтації на прогресивні способи ведення бізнесу й організації виробничих процесів. Перспективними можуть стати такі інноваційні бізнесутворення: кластери, бізнес-інкубатори, провайдингові кооперативи, екопоселення та агропарки, агротехнопарки, що можуть бути представлені різними за розмірами і формами, адаптивними, конкурентоспроможними, легко інтегрованими й орієнтованими на соціальні та економічні потреби формуваннями. Сформована авторська структурна модель механізму сталого розвитку аграрної галузі та його забезпечувальних механізмів, що охоплює економічний, соціальний, інвестиційно-інноваційний, екологічний та розвиток зовнішньоекономічних відносин. Обґрунтований механізм ліг в основу розрахунку збалансованості сталого розвитку аграрної галузі за економічною, соціальною, екологічною, інноваційно-інвестиційною та складовою зовнішньоекономічного (експортного) потенціалу. Комплексне оцінювання тенденцій сталого розвитку аграрної сфери на основі авторського підходу дозволяє дійти висновку, що метою стратегії сталого розвитку аграрної сфери України є забезпечення продовольчої безпеки держави через формування внутрішньої та міжнародної конкурентоспроможності галузі з метою ефективного соціально-економічного розвитку країни. В процесі розробки структурної політики сталого розвитку аграрної сфери економіки необхідно враховувати особливості та відмінності аграрного виробництва з метою запровадження адаптованих механізмів трансформації аграрного потенціалу та усунення дисбалансів розвитку аграрного сектора економіки в умовах децентралізації. Сформовані теоретико-методичні положення та науково-практичні рекомендації щодо формування та реалізації стратегії економічного розвитку аграрної галузі дозволяють стверджувати, що реалізація стратегічних орієнтирів сталого розвитку аграрної галузі базується на узгодженні інтересів усіх об’єктів та інших учасників системи управління сталим розвитком з урахуванням економічних, інституційних, організаційних, інноваційних, стратегічних, цільових та ресурсних чинників і параметрів. Доведено, що сталий розвиток вітчизняної аграрної сфери передбачає взаємовідповідність її складових, що досягається за рахунок: встановлення цілей та завдань з урахуванням інтересів держави, учасників агропромислового ринку, споживачів та інших асоційованих з агропромисловим бізнесом суб'єктів економічної діяльності у відповідності до концепції сталого розвитку; формування нормативно-регулюючих, організаційно-економічних і фінансових моделей внутрішньої та зовнішньої взаємодії суб'єктів аграрної галузі; розробки узгоджених стратегій, програм та заходів, які забезпечують сталий розвиток аграрної галузі. Запропоновано авторський стратегічний план розвитку аграрної галузі України в контексті реалізації «Стратегії сталого розвитку України до 2030 року», що охоплює розвиток потенціалу аграрної галузі та аграрного бізнесу, створення умов для підвищення конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів аграрної галузі України на міжнародних ринках, підвищення науково-технологічного рівня аграрної галузі за рахунок розвитку селекції і генетики, нарощування обсягів інвестицій, нарощування експорту сільськогосподарської сировини і продовольства та забезпечення продовольчої безпеки країни, цифрову трансформацію аграрного сектору, яка корелює з національною метою щодо прискорення впровадження цифрових технологій в економіці та соціальній сфері, реформування ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення. удосконалено: - науково-концептуальні засади побудови моделі процесу розробки та прийняття стратегії сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі, що, на відміну від існуючих, включає актуальні перспективи щодо економічного розвитку аграрної галузі, виважене науково-технічне забезпечення процесу функціонування й раціонального використання природних обмежених ресурсів аграрної галузі та її специфічні еколого-економічні особливості щодо функціонування. Головними завданнями такої моделі є формування спільних управлінських рішень щодо розвитку аграрної галузі шляхом налагодження й узгодження соціально-економічних й екологічних інтересів всіх зацікавлених суб’єктів аграрної галузі України; - методичний підхід до оцінки сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі України, який, на відміну від наявних, передбачає використання інструментарію таксономічного аналізу його взаємопов’язаних складових (економічну, соціальну, екологічну, інноваційно-інвестиційну та підсистему сталого розвитку зовнішньоекономічної складової), що дозволило ідентифікувати напрями формування ефективної стратегії у майбутньому через призму вирішення проблем продовольчої безпеки та продовольчої незалежності держави, нарощування частки експорту аграрної продукції, удосконалення системи економічних, соціальних та земельних відносин, ефективного розвитку інфраструктурної складової аграрної галузі тощо; - науково-практичні концепти формування та реалізації стратегії сталого розвитку аграрної галузі України в умовах децентралізації, яка, на відміну від існуючих, ґрунтується на результатах аналізу інтегрального показника сталого розвитку аграрної галузі у регіональному вимірі та дозволяє ідентифікувати раціональні стратегічні орієнтири сталого розвитку аграрної галузі, структуру складових механізму їх реалізації, що сприяє комплексному обґрунтуванню принципів, функцій, завдань, які забезпечують реалізацію тактичних і стратегічних напрямів соціально-економічного й екологічного розвитку аграрної галузі та національної економіки; дістало подальшого розвитку: - визначення категорії «стратегія сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі» як інтегрованої, уніфікованої й доступної довгострокової системи цілей, яка інтерпретована у вигляді конкретної програми дій, побудована на основах принципу синергії, орієнтуючись на реалізацію соціально-економічної й екологічної підсистем і забезпечення аграрній галузі конкурентних переваг у досягненні поставлених стратегічних завдань: виробничо-збутових, товарних, ресурсних, ціноутворення, взаємодії аграрної галузі з іншими сферами національної економіки, зменшення виробничих витрат, стимулювання робітників, зайнятих в аграрній галузі, запобігання банкрутства та сприяння оздоровлення фінансового стану аграрної галузі; - систематизація кризоутворювальних факторів, які впливають на формування та реалізацію стратегії сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі, до яких належать: внутрішні (природно-кліматичні, фінансовоекономічні та організаційно-управлінські) та зовнішні (кон’юнктурні та соціально-кадрові). Це дає змогу виробити єдині підходи до обґрунтування управлінських рішень щодо формування стратегії сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі шляхом деталізації їх позитивних й негативних проявів і визначити можливості імплементації певних преференцій у напрямку забезпечення сталого розвитку національної економіки; - обґрунтування стратегічного плану сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі у загальнодержавному й локальному вимірі, який потребує дотримання сукупності принципів (цілеспрямованості, комплексності, змінності, адаптивності, ефективності, мінімізації ризику, балансу інтересів, легітимності) та орієнтований на: розвиток потенціалу аграрної галузі та аграрного бізнесу; створення умов для підвищення конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів аграрної галузі України на міжнародних ринках; підвищення науково-технологічного рівня аграрної галузі за рахунок розвитку селекції і генетики; нарощування обсягів інвестицій; нарощування експорту сільськогосподарської сировини і продовольства та забезпечення продовольчої безпеки країни; цифрову трансформацію аграрного сектору, яка корелює з національною метою щодо прискорення впровадження цифрових технологій в економіці та соціальній сфері; реформування ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення; - стратегічні орієнтири державної політики у сфері забезпечення сталого економічного розвитку аграрної галузі України, які формуються суспільством, суб’єктами господарювання, органами влади і включають обґрунтування змін (розвиток потенціалу аграрної галузі та аграрного бізнесу; створення умов для підвищення конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів аграрної галузі України на міжнародних ринках; підвищення науково-технологічного рівня аграрної галузі за рахунок розвитку селекції і генетики; нарощування обсягів інвестицій в агропромисловому комплексі; цифрова трансформація аграрного сектору; реформування ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення; ефективна екологічна політика та управління природними ресурсами), активізація яких відбувається на засадах ефективного функціонування відповідних інноваційних інституційних формувань (агрополісів, аграрних бізнес-інкубаторів, агротехнологічних парків, аграрних кластерів тощо) у контексті забезпечення продовольчої безпеки держави і задоволення соціально-економічних потреб населення.
The dissertation is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases and development of practical recommendations on formation of strategy of sustainable economic development in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It is established that the agricultural sector of Ukraine has a strong potential for development due to the provision of agricultural land and high soil fertility, which is the basis for expanding its export opportunities and potential in international markets. The study of crisis-forming and strategic factors that determine the development and functioning of the structure of the agricultural industry allowed to combine the existing factors into groups including: natural resources, economic, socio-demographic, scientific and technical, infrastructural factors of endogenous and exogenous impact. The conceptual priorities of the policy of sustainable development of the agricultural sector should take into account the trends of world markets, the high level of international competition and the systemic presence of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy in commodity markets. It is proved that the further development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine requires the solution of the following urgent tasks: improvement of the mechanism of land relations and creation of favorable conditions for the development of land use, development of highly efficient competitive agricultural production; modernization and restructuring of the agricultural sector and existing forms of management in the field of agricultural business in accordance with practice and international experience; stimulation, development and support of small and medium business in the system of agricultural sector of Ukraine; focusing on progressive ways of doing business and organizing production processes. The following innovative business entities can be promising: clusters, business incubators, provisioning cooperatives, eco-settlements, agroparks and agro-technoparks, which can be represented by different sizes and shapes, adaptive, competitive, easily integrated and focused on socio-economic needs. The author's structural model of the mechanism of sustainable development of the agricultural sector and its support mechanisms is formed; it covers economic, social, investment and innovation, ecological and foreign economic development. The substantiated mechanism formed the basis for calculating the balance of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in terms of economic, social, environmental, innovation and investment and the component of foreign economic (export) potential. Comprehensive assessment of sustainable development trends in the agricultural sector based on the author's approach allows us to conclude that the goal of the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine's agricultural sector is to ensure food security through the formation of domestic and international competitiveness of the industry for effective socio-economic development. In the process of developing a structural policy of sustainable development of the agricultural sector, it is necessary to take into account the features and differences of agricultural production in order to introduce adapted mechanisms for transforming agricultural potential and eliminate imbalances in the agricultural sector in decentralization. Formed theoretical and methodological provisions and scientific and practical recommendations for the formation and implementation of the strategy of economic development of the agricultural sector suggest that the implementation of strategic guidelines for sustainable development of the agricultural sector is based on coordinating the interests of all objects and other participants in sustainable development management, organizational, innovation, strategic, target and resource factors and parameters. It is proved that sustainable development of the domestic agricultural sector involves the compliance of its components, which is achieved through the following: setting goals and objectives taking into account the interests of the state, agro-industrial market participants, consumers and other economic entities associated with agricultural business in accordance with the concept of sustainable development; formation of normative and regulatory, organizational, economic and financial models of internal and external interaction of subjects of the agricultural sector; development of agreed strategies, programs and measures that ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The author's strategic plan of development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of realization of "Strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine till 2030" is offered, covering development of potential of the agricultural sector and agricultural business, creation of conditions for increase of competitiveness of subjects of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the international markets, increasing the level of the agricultural sector through the development of breeding and genetics, increasing investment, increasing exports of agricultural raw materials, food independence and food security, digital transformation of the agricultural sector, which correlates with the national goal of accelerating the introduction of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere, land market reform agricultural purpose. improved: - scientific and conceptual principles of building a model of the process of developing and adopting a strategy of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector, which, unlike existing ones, includes current prospects for economic development of the agricultural sector, balanced scientific and technical support of the functioning and rational use of natural resources, its specific ecological and economic features of functioning. The main tasks of this model are the formation of joint management decisions on the development of the agricultural sector by establishing and coordinating the socio-economic and environmental interests of all stakeholders in the agricultural sector of Ukraine; - methodical approach to the assessment of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which, in contrast to the existing ones, involves the use of taxonomic analysis tools of its interrelated components (economic, social, environmental, innovation and investment and subsystem of sustainable development of foreign economic component), which allowed to identify directions of forming an effective strategy in the future through the prism of solving the problems of food security and food independence of the state, increasing the share of agricultural exports, improving the system of economic, social and land relations, effective development of the infrastructure component of agriculture, etc.; - scientific and practical concepts of formation and implementation of the strategy of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of decentralization, which, unlike existing ones, is based on the analysis of the integrated indicator of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the regional dimension, components of the mechanism of their implementation, which contributes to a comprehensive justification of the principles, functions, tasks that ensure the implementation of tactical and strategic areas of socio-economic and environmental development of the agricultural sector and the national economy; received further development: - definition of the category "strategy of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector" as an integrated, unified and affordable long-term system of goals, which is interpreted as a specific program of action, based on the principle of synergy, focusing on socio-economic and environmental subsystems and providing the agricultural sector with competitive advantages in achieving the set strategic objectives: production and marketing, commodity, resource, pricing, interaction of the agricultural sector with other sectors of the national economy, reducing production costs, stimulating workers employed in the agricultural sector, preventing bankruptcy and promoting financial recovery of the agricultural sector; - systematization of crisis-forming factors that affect the formation and implementation of the strategy of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector, which include: internal (natural-climatic, financial-economic, organizationalmanagerial and external) and external (conjunctural and socio-personnel). This makes it possible develop common approaches to substantiate management decisions on the formation of a strategy of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector by detailing their positive and negative manifestations and identify opportunities for the implementation of certain preferences in the direction of sustainable development of the national economy; - substantiation of the strategic plan of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector in the national and local dimension, which requires compliance with a set of principles (purposefulness, complexity, variability, adaptability, efficiency, risk minimization, balance of interests, legitimacy) and is focused on: development of the agricultural sector and agricultural business; creation of conditions for increase of competitiveness of subjects of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the international markets; raising the scientific and technological level of the agricultural sector through the development of breeding and genetics; increasing investment; increasing the export of agricultural raw materials, food and ensuring food security of the country; digital transformation of the agricultural sector, which correlates with the national goal of accelerating the introduction of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere; reforming the agricultural land market; - strategic guidelines of state policy in the field of sustainable economic development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which are formed by society, businesses, authorities and include justification of changes (development of the potential of the agricultural sector and agricultural business; in international markets, increasing the scientific and technological level of the agricultural sector through the development of breeding and genetics, increasing investment in the agro-industrial complex, digital transformation of the agricultural sector, reforming the agricultural land market, effective environmental policy and natural resource management), which are intensified effective functioning of relevant innovation institutional formations (agricultural cities, agricultural business incubators, agro-technological parks, agricultural clusters, etc.) in the context of ensuring food security of the state and satisfaction of socio-economic needs of the population.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
ENGLISH SUMMARY: The onset of globalisation has brought major shifts in business conduct where stakeholder expectations and business priorities and obligation are concerned, bringing a whole new meaning to the issue of sustainable development. In the past, sustainable development essentially concerned the environment, particularly the safeguarding of ecological interests through more responsible business practices. However, over the years, this perspective has evolved to give equal priority to economic, ecological, as well as social interests. The shift in business priorities and obligation has increased the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR), or the discretionary contribution of corporate resources towards social, environmental and economic development, as defined by the study. The practice of CSR, too, has evolved over time – from being mostly once-off, random philanthropic donations, to a more strategic approach that aligns CSR initiatives with national and corporate objectives. Today, CSR has become an item on many corporate agendas worldwide and hence, the study seeks to explore the concept of corporate social responsibility to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. The aims of the study are to gain an understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility and its dynamics, to establish the nature and scope of CSR at NAMDEB Diamond Corporation, and to establish how CSR at NAMDEB aligns with current global approaches and practices. These will be achieved through an analytical study of CSR literature, an exploration of Government’s expectations of the private sector with regard to CSR, and by exploring NAMDEB’s CSR initiatives and practices. In Chapter 2, the meaning of CSR is explored and defined, followed by a discussion of the history, trends, approaches and practices in CSR. The chapter also presents global initiatives relevant to sustainable development and CSR. Following the literature review, Chapter 3 explores the Government’s expectations of the private sector in terms of its support and involvement in socioeconomic development in Namibia. NAMDEB Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd was selected for the case study, being a leading mining company in Namibia. The Company is the second-largest employer in Namibia, only second to Government, and the country’s largest single taxpayer. In Chapter 4, the study explores the Company’s CSR initiatives and practices to establish the scope and nature of CSR at NAMDEB. The study then seeks to determine the approach adopted by the Company in implementing CSR, and how it aligns with global approaches and practices. The main conclusions of the study and recommendations to the Company are laid down in Chapter 5.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van globalisering het ‘n groot verskuiwing veroorsaak aangaande die besigheidspraktyk van belangstellendes, hul besigheidsprioriteite, verantwoordelikhede en ‘n heel nuwe betekenis vir volhoubare ontwikkeling. In die verlede was volhoubare ontwikkeling meer gemoeid met die omgewing, veral die beskerming van sekere ekologiese belange deur middel van meer verantwoordelike besigheidspraktyke. Oor die jare het die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling soveel verander en gee nou ook gelyke aandag aan ekonomiese, ekologiese sowel as sosiale belange. Die verskuiwing in besigheidsprioriteite en verantwoordelikhede het die belang van korporatiewe-sosiale verantwoordelikhede (KSV) verhoog, of te wel die oordeelkundige bydrae van korporatiewe hulpbronne vir sosiale-, omgewings en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, soos deur die studie gedefineer. Die praktyk van KSV het ook mettertyd ontwikkel – van eenmalige, willekeurige filantrofiese donasies, na ‘n meer strategiese benadering wat nasionale sowel as korporatiewe objektiewe met KSV inisiatiewe inskakel. Deesdae is KSV ‘n item op agendas van baie wêreldwye korporasies, en gevolglik is die studie se doel om die konsep van KSV te eksploreer en te ontleed om sodoende dit beter te verstaan. Die doel van die studie is om KSV en sy dinamika beter te verstaan asook die omvang van KSV te NAMDEB Diamand Korporasie, en om vas te stel hoe KSV te NAMDEB met huidige wêreldwye benaderings en uitvoerings inskakel. Dié word bereik met ‘n analitiese studie van KSV literatuur, ‘n eksplorasie van die regering se verwagting van die private sektor aangaande KSV, en met die ondersoek van NAMDEB se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke. In Hoofstuk 2 word die betekenis van KSV eksploreer en gedefineer. Hierop volg ‘n bespreking oor die geskiedenis, tendens, benaderings en uitvoering van KSV. Die hoofstuk beeld ook wêreldwye inisiatiewe wat relevant is tot KSV en volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die literatuur oorsig word deur Hoofstuk 3 gevolg, wat die regering se verwagting van die private sektor in terme van dié se ondersteuning en betrokkenheid by die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling in Namibie eksploreer. NAMDEB is vir hierdie gevalstudie geselekteer omdat dit ‘n leidende korporasie in die mynwese van Namibia is. Die Maatskappy is die tweede grootste werkverskaffer in Namibie, naas die regering, en is ook die grootste enkel belastingbetaler in die land. Hoofstuk 4 kyk na die Maatskappy se KSV inisiatiewe en praktyke om sodoende die omvang en natuur van KSV té NAMDEB te bepaal. Die studie probeer verder om die benadering wat deur NAMDEB aangeneem is met die implementering van KSV te bepaal en hoe dit met wêreldwye benaderings en praktyke inskakel. Die hoofafleidings van die studie en voorstelle oor KSV aan die Maatskappy word in Hoofstuk 5 bespreek.

This paper estimates rates of return across the gross wealth distribution in eight European countries. Like differential saving rates, differential rates of return matter for Post Keynesian theory, because they impact the income and wealth distribution and add an explosive element to growth models. We show that differential rates of return matter empirically by merging data on household balance sheets with long-run returns for individual asset categories. We find that (1) the composition of wealth differentiates between three socioeconomic groups: 30% are asset-poor, 65% are middle-class home owners, and the top 5% are business-owning capitalists; (2) rates of return rise across all groups; and (3) rates of return broadly follow a log-shaped function across the distribution, where inequality in the lower half of the distribution is higher than in the upper half. If socioeconomic groups are collapsed into the bottom 95% workers and top 5% capitalists, then rates of return are 5.6% for the former and 7.2% for the latter.
Series: Ecological Economic Papers

Яворська, А. Ф. Організаційно-економічний механізм забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі України : дис. ... канд. екон. наук : 08.00.03 / А. Ф. Яворська. - Одеса, 2020. - 233 с.
Дослідження присвячено обґрунтуванню теоретичних та практичних засад функціонування організаційно-економічного механізму забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі в Україні. У дисертації визначено, що такий механізм доцільно позиціонувати як диверсифікований континуум інструментарію, організаційно-економічних заходів, методів, принципів, спрямованих на удосконалення або докорінну зміну соціо-еколого-економічних відносин у морській транспортній галузі, які формуються та реалізуються органами державної влади та громадськістю. Представлено та деталізовано складові концептуальної моделі механізму забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі. Узагальнено ключові напрями стимулювання сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі, які набули поширення у світовій практиці. Обґрунтовано якісно новий концептуальний підхід до формування та реалізації інтегрованого оргaнiзaцiйно-економiчного механізму забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі на засадах «зеленої» економіки. Формалізовано шляхи вдосконалення державної політики організаційно-економічного забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі України. Запропоновано інструментарій ефективної реалізації організаційно-економічного механізму забезпечення сталого розвитку морської транспортної галузі України в контексті впровадження науково-методичного підходу до формування кластерів у морській транспортній галузі
Исследование посвящено обоснованию теоретических и практических основ функционирования организационно-экономического механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли. В диссертации определено, что такой механизм целесообразно позиционировать как диверсифицированный континуум инструментария, организационно-экономических мероприятий, методов, принципов, направленных на совершенствование или коренное изменение социо-эколого-экономических отношений в морской транспортной отрасли, формируются и реализуются органами государственной власти и общественностью для обеспечения результативности концепции ее реформирования и удовлетворения общественных потребностей. Представлены и детализировано составляющие концептуальной модели механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли, функционирование которого возможно благодаря сочетанию инструментов и стимулов устойчивого развития, на основе сформированного нормативно-правового, организационного, кадрового, финансового, информационного, экономического и технического обеспечения. Обзор ключевые направления стимулирования устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли, получили распространение в мировой практике. Обоснованы возможности использования такого опыта в процессе формирования организационно-экономического механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли Украины, а именно: использование преимуществ государственно-частного взаимодействия в процессе обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли; учета социально-экономических и экологических особенностей функционирования морской транспортной отрасли; обеспечение доступности и качества услуг морского транспорта основываясь на принципах социальной справедливости и общественной солидарности; привлечения «зеленых» инвестиций; развитость инфраструктуры морской транспортной отрасли. Государственная политика развития морской транспортной отрасли должна осуществляться на основе использования эффективных экономико-правовых стимулов и реализации организационных мероприятий, повышающих заинтересованность национальных и иностранных инвесторов. Предложено качественно новый подход к формированию интегрированного организационно-экономического механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли на основе «зеленой» экономики, который позволяет устранить существующие противоречия и проблемы, используя программно-целевые методы, ключевые положения системного подхода и концепции устойчивого развития. Предложено пути совершенствования государственной политики организационно-экономического обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли Украины: обеспечение нормализации законодательства; налаживания международного сотрудничества; развитие государственно-частного партнерства; формирование соответствующего институциональной среды. Обосновано целесообразность использования кластерного подхода для совершенствования организационно-экономического механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития морской транспортной отрасли Украины. Предложено инструментарий эффективной реализации такого механизма в контексте внедрения научно-методического подхода к формированию кластеров в морской транспортной отрасли, включающий последовательную реализацию следующих этапов: анализ и диагностика предпосылок создания кластера; разработка структуры кластера; формирование кластера; оценка эффективности стратегии развития кластера.
The research is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and practical bases of functioning of organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring sustainable development of the maritime transport industry. The dissertation determines that the mechanism of sustainable development of the maritime transport industry should be positioned as a diversified continuum of tools, organizational and economic measures, methods, principles aimed at improving or profoundly changing the socio-ecological and economic relations in the maritime transport industry, which are formed and regulated by the authorities. and the public. The components of the conceptual model of the mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of the maritime transport industry are presented and detailed. The key areas for promoting the sustainable development of the maritime transport industry, which have become widespread in the world, are summarized. A qualitatively new conceptual approach to the formation and implementation of an integrated organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of the maritime transport industry based on the principles of a «green» economy is substantiated. The ways of improving the state policy of organizational and economic support for sustainable development of the maritime transport industry of Ukraine have been formalized. The toolkit for effective implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of ensuring the sustainable development of the maritime transport industry of Ukraine in the context of the introduction of a scientific and methodological approach to the formation of clusters in the maritime transport industry is proposed.

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mathias_Meire_D.pdf: 1273511 bytes, checksum: e90643ef15890c382cfaacb4e946280f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O estudo busca analisar a política externa brasileira dos anos 90, sob o ângulo dos interesses de atores estatais e não estatais na Agenda externa do país, particularmente em relação ao Mercosul. Nesse sentido, a investigação se reporta a inserção internacional do Brasil no pós-Guerra Fria, período em que foi definida uma nova estratégia econômica de desenvolvimento para o país, escolha que implicou mudanças na política exterior. Tendo em vista o cenário internacional de incertezas para os Estados, conferimos à hipótese de que a reestruturação da economia política global e a assimilação da hegemonia neoliberal por parte dos países latino-americanos, implicaram certa negligência com o modelo de desenvolvimento endógeno. Do mesmo modo, no período em tela, as decisões sobre política externa reuniram não somente os interesses estatais, mas também de atores não estatais, porém organizados, que buscaram exercer poder de pressão e influência nos processos decisórios. Destarte, considerando que as relações entre Estado e sociedade permeiam as decisões quanto ao desenvolvimento nacional e as diretrizes de política exterior, coloca-se em evidência que interesses específicos pautam as relações entre o Governo, representado pelo Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE), e a Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), representante de um determinado grupo de empresas do segmento industrial brasileiro. Com isso, verifica-se que as relações entre ambos os Atores foram pautadas no modelo de desenvolvimento liberalizante, que acabou por se constituir em plataforma de inserção internacional do Brasil. Sob essa perspectiva, confirma-se que o processo decisório em política externa não está dissociado dos interesses e da ideologia dos atores envolvidos no processo
Abstract: This study aims to present an analysis of the Brazilian Foreign Policies, considering the special points of view of particular interests (sponsored by State and non-State actors) in the country's Foreign Agenda, especially Mercosul ones. In this context, the researches are directed to Brazil's insertion into the international into the post Cold War period; that moment brought up a definition of a new economics strategy for the development of the country. This choice brought on changes in the Brazilian Foreign Policy. Considering the international and uncertain scenario in the Countries studied, we checked the hypothesis that said that, the reconstruction of the global economics policy and the assimilation of neo-liberal hegemony by some of the Latin-American countries, implyed a certain neglect of the endogenous development model. And at this same focused moment, the decisions concerning foreign policies united not only the state interests, but also, hosted non-state activists, but organized ones, who aimed to influence and put pressure upon the decision process. In this manner, considering that the relationship between State and Society permeate decisions concerning national development and the directions for Foreign policies, it is focused that specific interests regulate the relationships between the Government ( represented by Ministério das Relações Exteriores ( MRE) Ministry of Foreign Affairs ); and, Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI), National Confederation of Industries, that represents a certain segment of the Brazilian industrial companies and scenario). Considering these previous ideas, it comes to light that the relations between both parties, were based on a model of liberated development, and this model became the platform for the acceptance of the international insertion of Brazil. Under this perspective, it is born, that a confirmation of the decision process in foreign policy is not separated from the interests and ideologies of the activists involved in this process
Doutorado
Relações Internacionais
Doutor em Ciência Política

Колегаєв, І. М. Державне регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі України в умовах ринкових трансформацій : дис. ... канд. екон. наук : 08.00.03 / І. М. Колегаєв. - Чернігів, 2019. - 247 с.
Дослідження присвячено обґрунтуванню теоретичних та практичних засад державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі. У дисертації визначено, що державне регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі доцільно позиціонувати як складну відкриту динамічну систему, яка володіє специфічними властивостями розвитку та передбачає використання о‏рганізаційно-ко‏о‏рдинаційних впливів для формування й реалізації інноваційного потенціалу морської транспортної галузі. Ідентифіковані складові концептуальної моделі державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі в умовах ринкових трансформацій. Визначені напрями адаптації позитивного світового досвіду щодо державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі в Україні. З’ясовано стан державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі в Україні. Запропоновано механізм державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі в Україні. Формалізовано ключові стратегічні орієнтири державного регулювання інноваційного розвитку морської транспортної галузі в умовах ринкових трансформацій, які сприяють розвитку національної економіки. Обґрунтований методичний підхід до оцінки результативності державної політики формування та реалізації інновацій в морській транспортній галузі України у період ринкових трансформацій, який включає сукупність етапів.
Исследование посвящено обоснованию теоретических и практических основ государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли. В диссертации определено, что государственное регулирование инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли целесообразно позиционировать как сложную открытую динамическую систему, которая обладает специфическими свойствами развития и предусматривает использование в рганизацийно-ко в рдинацийних воздействий, нормативно-правовых принципов, программно-целевых мероприятий и согласования социально-экономических интересов и объединения усилий государства и частного сектора для формирования и реализации инновационного потенциала морской транспортной отрасли. Идентифицированы составляющие концептуальной модели государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли в условиях рыночных трансформаций (цель, концепции, стратегии, информационное обеспечение, субъекты, объект, функции, методы, инструменты и задачи). Определены направления адаптации положительного мирового опыта государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли в Украине. Систематизированы задачи, вaрто врaховувaты при розроблeннi отечественной модeлi дeржaвного рeгулювaння инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли тa визнaчeнi нaпрямы структурная-тeхнологiчних изменений: ускорение и поддержка инновационного развития хозяйствующих субъектов морского транспорта и повышения их конкурентоспособности на международном рынке транспортных услуг; повышение технико-технологического и организационно-институционального уровня обеспечения морского транспорта на основе реализации инновационных технологий; улучшение условий труда плавсостава морских судов и работников береговых предприятий морской транспортной отрасли; повышение уровня безопасности морской транспортной деятельности, включая безопасность мореплавания и судоходства и охрану окружающей среды; обеспечение нормативно-правовой защиты морского транспорта в сфере международного судоходства. Обосновано, что инновационное развитие морской транспортной отрасли требует межотраслевого технологического обмена, поддержки инвестиционного климата, укрепление связей компаний с научно-образовательным сектором, развития международной научно-технической кооперации, венчурного инвестирования в новые прогрессивные разработки, формирования инновационной инфраструктуры. Выяснено состояние государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли в Украине путем проведения факторного анализа с использованием SWOT-анализа, что позволило сгруппировать факторы государственного регулирования, влияющих на результативность инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли: функциональные, экономические и социальные. Предложен механизм государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли в Украине, структура которого предусматривает: улучшение законодательного обеспечения деятельности различных субъектов морской транспортной отрасли; внедрение налоговых льгот и других стимулов, которые гарантируют рост стабильности налоговых поступлений и роста предпринимательской инициативы у субъектов морской транспортной отрасли; модернизация инновационной инфраструктуры морской транспортной отрасли напрямую влияет на рост инновационно-инвестиционного потенциала; приведение тарифов на услуги субъектов морской транспортной отрасли в соответствие с социально-экономическими реалиями посредством применения механизмов ценообразования. Формализована ключевые стратегические ориентиры государственного регулирования инновационного развития морской транспортной отрасли в условиях рыночных трансформаций, которые способствуют развитию национальной экономики: формирование соответствующего институциональной среды, способствующей активизации инновационной деятельности в морской транспортной отрасли; обеспечения нормализации законодательства; формирование благоприятных условий для активизации механизмов государственно-частного партнерства и другие. Обоснован методический подход к оценке результативности государственной политики формирования и реализации инноваций в морской транспортной отрасли Украины в период рыночных трансформаций, который включает совокупность этапов и прямой, обратный и общий процесс формирования и реализации инноваций в морской транспортной отрасли Украины, обеспечивается внешней и внутренней системами.
The research is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and practical principles of state regulation of innovation development of the maritime transport industry. Identified components of the conceptual model of state regulation of innovation development of the maritime transport industry in the conditions of market transformations. It is substantiated that innovative development of the maritime transport industry requires inter-branch technological exchange, support of the investment climate, strengthening of relations between companies in the scientific and educational sector, development of international scientific and technical cooperation, venture investment in new progressive developments, and the formation of innovative infrastructure.The mechanism of state regulation of innovation development of the maritime transport industry in Ukraine is proposed. Formalized key strategic guidelines for state regulation of innovative development of the maritime transport industry in the conditions of market transformations that contribute to the development of the national economy. The methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of the state policy of formation and implementation of innovations in the marine transport industry of Ukraine during the period of market transformations, which includes a set of stages, is substantiated.

In the context of the reform of modern Russian society, issues related to strengthening the entire national security system and, first of all, economic security, focused on ensuring stable economic development of society and the state, their protection from current threats and risks, are of particular importance. Ensuring the interests of the country is based on the types of economic security that determine the integral development of the socio-economic space of Russia. The monograph outlines the essence, content, practical provisions of such aspects of the economic security of society and the state as food, environmental, social, monetary, tax, etc. The system of indicators, indicators and thresholds of various types of economic security is considered. Particular attention is paid to the forecast of the dynamics of key economic indicators of economic security in the medium term. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for ensuring economic security in a market economy are shown. For a wide range of readers interested in the economic security of Russia. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.

The textbook presents the course of history of economic doctrines in accordance with the General plan of previous editions. Discusses the economic doctrine of the era of pre-market economy (including the economic thought of the Ancient world and middle Ages), mercantilism, classical political economy, socio-economic reform projects of economic romanticism, utopian socialism, German historical school, marginalism. To the era of regulated market relations are covered in the textbook socio-institutional direction, the theory of market with imperfect competition, Keynesian Economics, neoliberalism, the concept of the neoclassical synthesis, neo-institutionalism, the phenomenon of the Russian school of economic thought. Special attention is given to synthesis as the basis of modern theories of value. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students enrolled in the specialty 38.03.01 "Economics", graduate students, researchers and anyone interested in the history of world and domestic economic thought.

The monograph is devoted to studying the process of implementation of modernization projects of the RCP(b) - VKP(b) 1920-1930-ies in the context of intra-party struggle for power. A lack of managerial experience in the leadership of the country, declared utopian ideas, the bureaucratization of the party-state apparatus and the commitment to radical ways of solving problems gave rise to political and socio-economic crises affect the results. Revealed the limits of the political life of leaders of the ruling party in the implementation of the political-administrative projects considered as a series of unjustified social and economic experiments, criticized the concept of the Soviet state as an apparatus of violence in the interests of the world proletarian revolution. Intended for specialists in the history of Soviet Russia of the twentieth century, University professors, and for anyone interested in Russian history.

The monograph is devoted to the place and role of ecology and environmental safety in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of society. In the conditions of the forced transition of the economies of the leading countries of the world from an industrial type to a new formation of a green economy aimed at ensuring the preservation of ecological systems and the maximum reduction of damage to the biodiversity of ecological systems, the Russian Federation faces the task of forming a new course of socio-economic development of society focused on the preservation of natural potential and ecology at a level normal for the maintenance of the vital activity of society, flora and fauna in the foreseeable future and in the long term. The role and importance of environmental safety in the system of ensuring the economic security of the state are outlined, the concept of the ideology of "Global Commons" in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of society is considered, the problems and prospects of the implementation of the program "Green Course of Russia" are analyzed, special aspects of environmental audit, accounting and control, damage assessment in the field of ecology are investigated. Special attention is paid to the forecast of the dynamics of key environmental indicators for the medium term. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for ensuring environmental safety in a market economy are proposed. For a wide range of readers interested in environmental economics. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.

The monograph reveals the System as a way of development of Russian society, as the balance of the whole and the parts at the macro-, meso - and micro-level, mathematical modeling of the System, freedom and justice, man as a factor of production human capital institutional framework for the development of Russian Systems of state and market regulation, improve planning and forecasting, digitalization, political institutions, social functions of the state, social capital, social trend, demography and family, motivation, labour and entrepreneurship, the institutions of labour market regulation, sustainable and dynamic development of the Russian System in the context of globalization. Of interest to researchers and practitioners, teachers, graduate students of economic specialties.

In the monograph, the region is presented as a complex, multilevel socio-economic system consisting of many heterogeneous, interacting economic entities of different levels (economic agents and markets, management, resources and economic processes), jointly organizing reproduction processes embedded in the economic space of the national economy on the local territory. Currently, the role of rational management of the socio-economic development of the region is increasing. In such conditions, it is advisable to use strategic planning, which, in turn, has increasingly been carried out using a simulation model. The simulation model in regional strategic planning allows government agencies to predict their activities in the presence of various controlled and uncontrolled factors of the external and internal environment. In this study, the list of principles of strategic planning focused on the processes of strategic planning of the region using the method of simulation modeling is supplemented. A methodology for organizing strategic planning processes at the meso-level using simulation modeling technology is proposed. For a wide range of readers interested in the problems of regional strategic planning.

The monograph of the Russian American historian is devoted to a number of conceptual problems of US foreign policy in the period of early globalization (late XIX-early XX century). The significance of the socio-economic factor is reinterpreted from the standpoint of modern theory and methodology; the role of the ideology used by the political elite to justify American expansion is traced. New interpretations of the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American war of 1898 are given: for the first time, the place of the "yellow" press in inciting anti-Spanish sentiment among ordinary Americans is shown in detail as one of the first manifestations of successful manipulation of public opinion; the level of combat capability of the American army, which achieved victory over a weaker enemy, but was unprepared to conduct an armed struggle for achieving geopolitical interests with leading European powers, is critically assessed. The archival material, first introduced into scientific circulation, traces the mediation activities of President Roosevelt As the first successful experience in the peaceful settlement of regional conflicts, and also shows the search by top officials for a new world order under the auspices of the United States, with an emphasis on the use of the principles of international arbitration. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, and students interested in the history of the United States.

From the point of view of the new science of globalism, the problems of the ecological, socio-economic state of the world and countries are considered through the prism of the interaction of the human psyche and society and the inhabited world. The criteria of ecological civilization of countries and peoples are justified. Optimizing the consumption of natural bio-and energy resources is becoming a fundamental environmental factor for sustainable development. The "Law of the maximum for humanity" as the law of the biosphere can be the arbitration court, the neutral force that will explain the historical need for mutual understanding, taking into account the interests of ecology and economy for the survival of man as a biovid on Earth; a new reality will begin to form — the phenomenon of co-residence of the world society with the biosphere. The world's population, its energy and bio-consumption, as well as all living matter on the planet, must correspond to the biological capacity of the Earth and not go beyond its boundaries. The task of the society is to implement a worldview breakthrough at the current stage of development, its own cultural mutation, which in the future will create the basis for adaptive technological and socio-cultural development. The task is to classify the entire Earth as a "Green Book" and to solve systemic environmental problems of a global nature. An integral part of sustainable development should be the principle of "vital consumption" at both the personal and social level, instead of the dominant principle of"expanded production and consumption". The indicator of the" culture of consumption "of natural resources, both at the individual level and at the level of society, should be included as an integral part of the integral indicator in the "True Indicator of Progress" and the "Human Development Index". The book is interdisciplinary in nature; it is a kind of scientific and philosophical poetic essay intended for teachers and students of universities in the field of sociology, ecology, biology and related fields, as well as for everyone who cares about the future of society.

The textbook shows the evolution of the economy, socio-political institutions and culture, the foreign policy situation of Russia from the IX century to the present. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduate students of non-historical universities and anyone interested in Russian history.

the article is devoted to the consideration of corruption, which is an element of the shadow economy, as an economic and socio-legal phenomenon that infringes on the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, and poses a threat to national security in General, and to economic security in particular

AbstractThere are different types of public policy problems. In democratic political systems, policy problems arise in very diverse political and institutional contexts. These influence how the problems are debated and resolved. Policy decision-making is structured through organisational processes that reflect historical institutional arrangements. Complex policy problems often involve conflicting interests and divergent perceptions among various stakeholder groups. Disagreements about problems and policies arise from many factors, including material interests, socio-cultural values and political (dis)trust. The framing of problems and solutions is expressed in different ways, through the language of economic benefits, ideological outlooks, group values and political loyalties. Leaders of political, economic and social organisations argue for the priority of some issues over others, depending on their judgements about threats, rewards and opportunities. Leaders typically offer simplified and persuasive narratives about problems and solutions, in order to attract wide support for their preferred approach. Evidence and expertise are mobilised selectively by policy actors to influence the perceived credibility of their own favoured policy options. However, rigorous evidence is not privileged in everyday politics—policy debates are structured through the interplay of many forms of knowledge, values, emotions and interests. Expertise can assist in managing complex problems but never determines the outcomes.

AbstractThe Nordic education model of an inclusive school for all aims at giving children equal, and excellent, opportunities for acquiring high levels of reading ability. It is well documented that both students’ and their parents’ reading interest is closely and positively associated with students’ reading achievement. There is therefore cause for concern when reading interests seem to be in decline both among parents and among today’s students. Family socio-economic background is also well known to relate strongly to students’ reading achievement. Especially children of parents with low education are likely to be deprived of opportunities of beneficial reading activities, such as seeing their parents read, being read to by family members, and learning to enjoy reading for themselves in the early years of school. On the other hand, it is possible that parents who enjoy reading and/or read much at home, provide their children with a basis for acquiring good reading skills, regardless of their educational background. Our article analyses data from four cycles (2001–2016) of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), and several Nordic countries, in order to establish whether parental reading can compensate for low parental education levels. We find that parents’ reading enjoyment, but not their frequent reading in their spare time, to some degree does compensate for lack of tertiary (high) education. However, if increasingly fewer parents like to read, more children will go without the opportunity to develop reading enjoyment themselves, and this will likely affect more children from low-SES backgrounds than from higher SES-backgrounds.

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the changing uses and management of a traditional canal irrigation system against the background of processes of urbanization in Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. Until urbanization of Kathmandu Valley took off in the 1980s, the management of stream-fed canal irrigation systems had been a priority of both state agencies and the population that depended on agriculture-based livelihoods. The name rajkulo (royal canal) given to these systems expresses the historical interests of (royal) state actors in canal maintenance and management. Fed by a stream called Mahadev Khola in Dadhikot, a peri-urban village in Kathmandu Valley, Mahadev Khola Rajkulo is such a traditional canal irrigation system. Using an in-depth case study of this system, we analyse the interlinkages of demographic, socio-environmental, economic and local political dynamics with the changing canal uses and management. More specifically, we discuss how and why various actors became associated with, or dissociated from, canal use and management in recent times, and what these processes mean for water access, rights and security. We reflect on the implications of these changes for canal management and canal-related conflicts, against the background of national urban policies that formally aim to conserve agricultural land in Kathmandu Valley, but stimulate urban expansion in practice.

AbstractSouth Korea has been pursuing energy transition as a national task since 2017 when the first nuclear reactor, Kori-1, was permanently stopped and President Moon Jae-in gave a commemorative speech on June 19, 2017. This study aims to identify who the main speakers of the conventional electricity system are and how they resist the movement of such changes. This study focused on the role of the media and found that the issue of energy transition has been highly politicized. Conservative media have criticized the Moon government’s post-nuclear policy as a leverage and have highlighted problems surrounding renewable energy as it is a hotbed of great corruption. Those who oppose locating renewable energy facilities to their community have taken advantage of such press reports. Energy transition requires more energy citizens who recognize not only their right to enjoy basic energy needs, but also their responsibility for the socio-economic and environmental impacts of their energy use. The realization of energy democracy pursuing energy and climate justice will take time but social dialogue based on scientific evidence and deliberation will open the way toward energy transition while identifying fake news and opposing interests adhering to the conventional electricity system.

This article analyses the changes that have taken place in the perception of poverty and inequality in the public consciousness of our population. These changes reflect objective trends in the evolution of relevant phenomena in Russia up to the onset of the economic crisis. The dynamics of growing interest in relation to poverty and social inequalities, tied to the reason for their emergence, is considered

The importance of sustainable financing and investing. Core interest of the European Commission to stimulate enterprises to sustainable financing. Reasons, basis and typology of the current pressure to the sustainable finance. The analyse of categorization of the sustainable financing and sustainable investing: ESG (environmental, social, governmental) investing, SRI (socially responsible investing), Impact investing. Definition of core ethical investing strategies. Definition of an importance of ethical investing.

Integration processes, both on global and on regional levels faced serious barriers. Research of these barriers shows that they are connected with irreversible nature of integration processes. The last 30 years behind some exceptions these processions consisted an essence of economic globalization and regionalization trends. Economic integration was focused on realization of small group of oligarchs and the state bureaucrats’ interests. Such orientation with inevitability brought into an impasse which can be explained as the serious crisis phenomenon. In the report the assessment of influence of interests on economic integration is given. Only national interests can appear as influential socio-economic factor of integration processes development. The fullest implementation of national interests directs integration processes on the way of creation of necessary vital conditions for the vast majority of the population. It is, especially, important for the Euroasian space where labor segments of the population occupy the main part of the population and where inertia of the Soviet system is still felt in the economy sphere. Very important is the question of conceptual bases of the Euroasian economic integration. Latter is based on ideology of neoliberal economic school. Development of integration processes in line with a certain neoliberal theory can lead to structural degradation of economy, to transformation of economy of the countries of EuroSEC in mineral and raw appendage of the developed countries. The same situation possible to see in other economic unions of Asia, Africa and Latin America countries.

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of ensuring the economic security of the country from the perspective of political economy. Approaches to harmonizing economic interests are considered, primarily within the framework of creating conditions for the realization of Russia's national-state interests, serving as the basis for the country's sustainable socio-economic development as an integral element of its economic security.

The formation of documents for strategic planning of socio-economic development is the most important task of regional and municipal governments. It can be stated that strategic planning processes have been launched throughout the country and the process of forming these documents is active at both the regional and municipal levels. However, the issues of determining, studying, and taking into account the views of interested parties when forming the goals and priorities of socioeconomic development of administrative-territorial entities require methodological support and recommendations for practical implementation. In this article, an attempt is made to reveal methodological approaches and solve issues of practical implementation of identifying the interests of stakeholders on the example of a specific municipality. The proposed material is an example of determining and scientifically substantiating the strategic priorities of a municipality on identifying the interests of stakeholders.

The paper considers the problem of ensuring the foreign economic security of regions from the perspective of the country's national interests. The article identifies the most significant threats to Russia's foreign economic security, assesses the foreign economic independence of the far Eastern Federal district regions, and shows measures to increase foreign economic independence in accordance with the national program of socio-economic development of the Far East for the period up to 2024 and for the future up to 2035

Socio-economic effects monitoring is emerging as a regulatory requirement and risk management tool in the Canadian pipeline sector. While socio-economic impact assessments have been part of the regulatory landscape for some time, the additional step of socio-economic monitoring beyond the predictions of the assessment, in a parallel fashion with environmental monitoring, has not. Generally, socioeconomic monitoring is a process to track project-related socioeconomic outcomes, to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation that was designed during the regulatory assessment phase, and to adapt or improve mitigation in order to respond to unanticipated outcomes. Different from mines or industrial facilities that are focused in one geographic area with a long term operating presence, pipelines present unique challenges with respect to socio-economic monitoring. Monitoring of pipeline projects requires an approach that considers the interests of often numerous administrative and geographic jurisdictions and the challenge of data collection over a relatively short-term construction period. These pipeline-specific factors are layered with the challenges associated with all socio-economic monitoring programs related to multiple influences on social and economic outcomes and the challenge of effect attribution. This paper provides an overview of socio-economic monitoring as a requirement in the Canadian pipeline context, and reviews the public domain approaches proposed by various recent project proponents in Canada. This paper ultimately presents a framework for a practical and focused socio-economic monitoring process that is uniquely suitable for the context of major pipeline projects (Pipeline Socio-Economic Monitoring — or P-SEM — Model). The P-SEM model will help Project Managers meet regulatory requirements, improve mitigation, buffer projects from broader socio-economic issues that are beyond their sole control, and create a touch point for engagement with project stakeholders through pipeline construction.

The article examines the main instruments of the regional development policy used in the implementation of the "new model" of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District, analyzes the practice of their application in the forest complex. The influence of these instruments on some results of the activity of the forest complex of the FEFD and its main territories is considered. It was revealed that the parameters of the functioning of the forest complex demonstrate instability due to both the institutional impact and the dependence of the complex on the situation in the external market. The importance of the formation of goals for the development of the forest complex is shown based on taking into account both national interests and the development priorities of the regional economy.

Food security is one of the most important aspects of socio-economic development in Kyrgyzstan. Therefore, studies done in this field of research are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Resolutions of food security issues are one of the conditions for the preservation of state sovereignty, economic security and social stability in society, ultimately, national security. Food safety is important, in terms of strategic interests of the country, and its solution requires: to satisfy public demand for food products; providing industry with raw materials of local manufacture; preservation of social, political and social stability in society; to prevent dependency of the national economy on changes; conditions related to the world markets, the development of internal agricultural production, food and processing industry; neutralization of some import to ensure stable employment and income in rural areas; preservation of ethnic - national characteristics of the local population by creating opportunities for 'survival' of the village: prevention of major foreign exchange expenditure on food imports: the neutralization of the negative impact on the local food market crises in foreign countries - exporters and importers of food products.

Threats and risks of the pandemic, to change the borders of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal districts, the law of the Russian Federation for relief for populations living in protected areas, suggestions officials about translation of lake Baikal in the Federal territory and other metamorphoses pushed the corresponding changes in the relations of the Baikal residents to their health, environment and Patriotic position. Citing the results of specific socio-psychological studies on these issues, the authors suggest the urgent need to merge the positions of a patriot of a small homeland with the psychology of a new cosmopolitan — a person who has realized that the interests of Terra Patrie begin with himself and his needs. If the «old» cosmopolitan has the motto of life: «Where it is good, there is the homeland», then the new cosmopolitan has a different motto: «Where the homeland is, everything should be good».

Current issues on economic security, preventing new challenges and threats to its strength and stability along with sustainable development of the regions require scientific background and scientific justification. New conceptual approaches to the mechanisms and methods are being searched for the purpose of the Russian Federation, as well as its constituent entities’, enterprises’ and organizations’, public and entrepreneurship activity spheres’ economic interests protection, which is reflected in the strategy of socio-economic development of the Russian regions. The article considers conceptual frameworks of sustainable ecological and economic development at a global level. It defines the concept of sustainable development in terms of economic science and the range of its problems. It also discusses debating points of experts and volunteer environmentalists concerning the transition procedure to sustainable development models in Russia.

Background. As negotiations continue in relation to the UK’s departure from the European Union, considerable uncertainty remains around the final structure of any deal and the implications across all policy areas. Maritime issues are of key concern in Scotland and numerous reports and opinions are accumulating, highlighting significant areas of concern, ranging from fisheries to decommissioning, and some potential opportunities. There is a critical need for knowledge and capacity to support and influence the on-going negotiation process, at both the Scottish and UK level. Expertise regarding the broad range of marine research, operations and commerce is in demand to support discussion, promote interests and secure advances where possible. Such discussion must be based on the best available science but taking into account the socio-economic and historical context. The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland1 (MASTS) is supporting this discussion, providing scientific expertise and promoting the development of emerging policy and progress towards sustainable marine management, during the transition period and for the post-departure UK organisation. This workshop, supported by MASTS, brought government and academia together to consider the legal, governmental and research framework under which Brexit is taking place and to identify priority areas and activities where information can be shared and options considered for enhancing scientific support for the Brexit process. The objectives were to: • Understand current status of Brexit with respect to marine systems and research capacity, including the legislative framework • Identify the priority gaps in knowledge • Develop ways to enhance communication pathways for the best scientific advice required to support the Brexit process.

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics. The modern version of the uncertainty principle, deals not with the precision of a measurement and the disturbance it introduces, but with the intrinsic uncertainty any quantum state must possess, regardless of what measurement is performed. Recently, the study of uncertainty relations in general has been a topic of growing interest, specifically in the setting of quantum information and quantum cryptography, where it is fundamental to the security of certain protocols. The aim of this study is to analyze the concepts and fundamental physical constants in terms of achievements of modern theoretical physics, they search for adequate and useful analogues in the socio-economic phenomena and processes, and their possible use in early warning of adverse crisis in financial markets. The instability of global financial systems depending on ordinary and natural disturbances in modern markets and highly undesirable financial crises are the evidence of methodological crisis in modelling, predicting and interpretation of current socio-economic conditions.

The attempts to create an adequate model of socio-economic critical events, which, as it has been historically proven, are almost permanent, were, are and will always be made. Actually, it is a supertask, impossible to solve. However, the potentially useful solutions, local in time or other socio-economic logistic coordinates, are possible. In fact, they have to be the object of interest for a real and effective economic science. Econophysics is a young interdisciplinary scientific field, which developed and acquired its name at the end of the last century. Quantum econophysics, a direction distinguished by the use of mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics as well as its fundamental conceptual ideas and relativistic aspects, developed within its boundaries just a couple of years later, in the first decade of the 21-st century.

Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in international cooperation policies to fight against climate change and its effects on the planet, but these have not had the expected results. One of the main criticisms of these policies is that they have not addressed the issue of human development and the existing socioeconomic differences. This is why the UN 2030 Agenda has focused on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that seek the protection of the environment, on a par with that of human societies. Since both are interdependent, they must be addressed and their problems solved in a sustainable way, taking into account all the socio-economic factors that may affect the results or actions to be taken regarding climate change, both at macro and micro levels in economic and social terms.

Education Technology has the potential to be a powerful engine for transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean, however the size of the challenge is formidable. The region faces the worst socio-economic crisis in more than a century, is one of the lowest performing education systems globally and has a chronic skills gap. New solutions, new approaches and new thinking is needed now more than ever. Stakeholders in the region see the potential for EdTech to support greater access to education, better experiences and outcomes for learners, and greater efficiency. Interest and investment in EdTech is increasing, with over 1500 EdTech startups across LAC and a six-fold increase in private capital investment in the last year alone. This report combines the strengths of the IDB group and HolonIQ, two organizations passionate about the future of Latin America and the Caribbean with a belief in the power of education to change futures. It is in the spirit of collaboration that this project set out to map EdTech in the LAC region, surface the innovations and impact that EdTech is making, as well as to identify the challenges faced and opportunities for greater impact. The key recommendations in this report are designed to provide policy-makers, education leaders, EdTech entrepreneurs, investors and other stakeholders with information and inspiration to support their initiatives that improve and accelerate education technology for the region, in order to have a materially positive impact on education outcomes in the region.

Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

The article presents and describes innovative technologies of training in the professional training of Masters. For high-quality training of students of technical specialties, it becomes necessary to rethink the purpose, results of studying and means of teaching professional disciplines in modern educational conditions. The experience of implementing the chatbot tool in teaching the discipline “Mathematical modeling of socio-economic systems” in the educational and professional program 124 System Analysis is described. The characteristics of the generalized structure of the chatbot information system for investment analysis are presented and given: input information, information processing system, output information, which creates a closed cycle (system) of direct and feedback interaction. The information processing system is represented by accounting and analytical data management blocks. The investment analysis chatbot will help masters of the specialty system analysis to manage the investment process efficiently based on making the right decisions, understanding investment analysis in the extensive structure of financial management and optimizing risks in these systems using a working mobile application. Also, the chatbot will allow you to systematically assess the disadvantages and advantages of investment projects or the direction of activity of a system analyst, while increasing interest in performing practical tasks. A set of software for developing a chatbot integrated into training is installed: Kotlin programming, a library for network interaction Retrofit, receiving and transmitting data, linking processes using the HTTP API. Based on the results of the study, it is noted that the impact of integrating a chatbot into the training of Masters ensures the development of their professional activities, which gives them the opportunity to be competent specialists and contributes to the organization of high-quality training.