Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie cognitive'
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Forner-Ordioni, Elsa. ""Whatever works" Sociologie des thérapies cognitives et comportementales." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0016.
Full textHow did cognitive and behavioral therapy, coming from both South Africa and United States, have traveled to France as a therapeutic assemblage? Based on a field study, this research aims to trace the trajectory of cognitive and behavioral therapy and the way they progressively broadcast through the mental health field to be part of the contemporary mental health scene.My inquiry sheds light on the historical and social conditions in which CBT emerged as a therapeutic tool for patients, public health policy actors, historical importers, doctors and psychologists. Dealing with ethnographic observations (individual consultations and groups), interviews (with historical pioneers, both psychiatrists and psychologists from hospital and private practice, patients, public health policy and community-based organizations workers) collecting historical, scientific, institutional archives, the plural approach of the inquiry aims to gather various actors stakeholder’s perspectives in order to enlight tensions brought in heterogeneous worlds of care, where several conceptions of practice, human being’s antagonist ontologies cohabitate. Researchers, experimenters, translators, doctors, psychologists, public health policy professionals all contributed to translate and make cognitive and behavioral therapy intelligible in France. They came to participate, in some various ways, to promote them in the field of French psychotherapy.To this broadcasting collective enterprise, leaded by professionals and culture-brokers, patients soon responded, also becoming the stakeholders who contributed to mediate CBT. Crossing values such as self- reliance movements associated with new emerging patient-driven figure, CBT seems to offer a comfortable grip, easy to handle and to fit-in as a tool for everyday life. CBT stakeholders, driven by a pragmatist impetus in their collective enterprise, seem to be unified by the willing to find ways – whatever works – which can be used as resources for action, paying attention to singularity of objects in action to help patients
Dieudonne, Maël. "Une société pathogène ? : les hypersensibilités environnementales au prisme de la sociologie cognitive." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2134/document.
Full textFor about two decades, the number of people claiming to suffer from multiple chemical sensitivity or electromagnetic hypersensitivity has been steadily increasing in France.T hese persons experience various and sometimes quite disabling somatic symptoms, which they attribute to exposure either to chemicals or to anthropogenic electromagnetic fields. The definition, and even the existence of these diseases are controversial. They are not legally recognized and their victims resort to self-diagnosis. However, this is not a cognitively easy task. Its implications are also far-reaching: it results in a radical change in their views of themselves, their environment and their community, as well as significant alterations in their daily lives and behaviour. It is thus an interesting phenomenon to explain for a cognitive sociology concerned with how mental representations evolve and influence conduct. Such is the purpose of this thesis. The analysis relies mostly on ethnographic materials and is conducted in a comprehensive and ecological perspective. It falls into three stages. The first one is devoted to an exploration of the controversies aroused by environmental sensitivities, so as to clarify their lack of legitimacy. The second one deals with the subjective experience and biographical trajectories of environmentally sensitive persons. The last one tries to explain the appearance and persistence of their conviction that they are hypersensitive with a utilitarian model in which emotions play a prominent role. To conclude, a comparison is outlined with other epidemics of medically unexplained symptoms
Poche, Bernard. "Localité et construction langagière du sens pour une sociologie cognitive des groupes sociaux /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608969r.
Full textPoche, Bernard. "Localité et construction langagière du sens : pour une sociologie cognitive des groupes sociaux." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H041.
Full textThere is a sociological problem about space or territory, especially the questions about the pertinent social scale and the connection between the nature of a place and social relationship in, or about, it. It is possible to resolve this problem by considering the social groups living in the place, and their own representations, by using symbolic interactionism and recent theories in sociology of the speech. Thus we can see how local groups define themselves with regard to their very context and surroundings. The research examines the functioning of this process in two highly distinct cases : a mountain village and a manufacturing city. In both cases, the author analyses the construction of social sense by each group through its own speech that makes intelligible its inner compromises and its external relations. The case of the parish of bessans shows a locally-generated speech, based on the definition of the local situation and on the construction of a proper code (especially touching technologies and religion) which finds it expression in the local language, and brings up to the very date the history of the local group. The author treats the case of lyons through litterary texts locally produced : the various groups located in the city code their reciprocal interaction and their connection with surroundings by the mean of various themes. These themes show a significant gap between lyons and the outside world, although without any isolationism. It results from this that the notion of locality includes a particular social process, by which local groups institutes themselves, using a combinated relationship to context and outer world as a constituent material of social sense. So the research does not conclude to a simple representation of local identity, but shows the existence of particular type of social knowledge: the groups are connected with the contemporary system of values, but reinterprete it according to a double code : the materiality of social processes and their conjunction-disjunction over the space
Dumaître, Eric. "Le structuralisme littéraire et la crise de la culture scolaire : essai de sociologie cognitive." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040024.
Full textStudying the crisis of French secondary education during the 60's and the 70's may help to understand the unusual popular success of a set of social theories inspired by structural linguistics, usually referred to as " literary structuralism " and represented, for example, by Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault. The teaching of humanities and literature in secondary schools becomes really difficult after 1960 : the institutional changes of educational structures, the fact that technology has been introduced among the scholastic disciplines, the promotion of new cultural and educational models, the democratization of secondary schools, the difficulty in recruiting qualified teachers, and the growing influence of the mass media —because of all these tendencies, the internal ambiguities of the humanist tradition turn into problematic contradictions, and the question of how to define the aims and functions of general education becomes a crucial issue for teachers. Literary structuralism provides them with cognitive resources, arguments and notions, which are apt to help them to conciliate " revolutionnary " claims of modernity with the spirit of traditional academic exercises, like " dissertation " or " explication de texte ", so that they would be able to overcome what appears to be a profound crisis of legitimacy
Crivellari, Paolo. "Pour une sociologie cognitive des sentiments de risque : croyances collectives et action dans les mobilisations contre la pollution électromagnétique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040021.
Full textThis work is an empirical sociological research, conducted with an individualistic methodology and qualitative techniques. The research, based on the analysis and the explanation of collective beliefs and action in a context of scientific uncertainty, starts with a double question: Why and how do individuals mobilise in a context of risk? The risk referred to is that caused by the potentially negative effects on human health deriving from non-ionising emissions, caused by mobile phones base stations transmitters. Specifically, the fieldwork is represented by the spontaneous citizens' committees of the city of Padua (Italy), whose members protest against the electromagnetic pollution of the antennas for mobile phones. The answer to the initial double question points out the cognitive aspects that are linked to the rationality of the actors and allows to draw some conclusions towards a cognitive sociology of the feelings of risk
Eisele-Henderson, Alice. "La Lecture de textes en anglais langue étrangère chez des étudiants en sociologie : implications didactiques d'une perspective socio-cognitive." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAML006.
Full textBornard, Fabienne. "La représentation de l’objet Entreprise par son créateur : quelles influences sur le processus entrepreneurial ?" Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAML040.
Full textThe limits of the existing entrepreneurial support dispositives and particularly the methodologies of venture creation usually used are pointed out in a growing number of researches. Based on sequential and normative approaches, they don't fit the individual dynamics of a non-linear entrepreneurial process. Taking into account the individual cognitive characteristics is a research direction that could help their improvement. This thesis is concerned with the question of the influence relationship existing between the cognitive schemes of the company creator and the way he develops his entrepreneurial project. The concept of social representation has been adopted and focused on a central object in the entrepreneurial process, the object « Company ». A longitudinal and qualitative approach has made it possible to study four cases of company creations, over a period spreading from one to four years. An additional comparative analysis of the representations of an entrepreneur and his adviser is presented. The connection between social representation and the entrepreneurial process has been analysed, thanks to the creation of cognitive maps. The results have confirmed the importance of the representation of the Company in the strategic choices made and its potential influence on the performance of the company created. One of the theoretic contributions of this work is based on the proposition of a model of the entrepreneurial process integrating the « representation of the object Company » variable. From a managerial point of view, the basis of an operational support methodology seeking to unveil then analyse the social representation of the entrepreneur are proposed
Ansel, Dominique. "Etude expérimentale de la surconfiance du négociateur." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H002.
Full textThe cognitive approach of the research in negotiation, conceptualizes the process as a multiparty decision-making activity where the individual cognitions are interpreted as critical elements. We present an experimental study of the negotiator overconfidence. Past researches have suggested that this cognitive bias influences effective dispute resolution. Face to face social and commercial negotiation simulations are conducted. Firstly, we explore social conditions that can produce overconfidence. .
Marechal, Christine-Garance. "Dynamiques action-réflexion et construction de la connaissance au sein des organisations : une contribution méthodologique constructiviste." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090005.
Full textMy PhD work aims to answer the following question: What are the knowing processes and thinking dynamics of management consultants when solving ambiguous problems in the context of their everyday activity? For this research, ‘constructivism' has been chosen as both the theoretical framework and investigative methodological paradigm. In my literature review, ‘knowing' is considered from three different perspectives, whose conceptualisations are confronted: cognitivism, constructivism and situated cognition. As an investigative paradigm, constructivism is ‘relativist'. My dissertation work offers a conceptual synthesis on the ontological and epistemological assumptions of the constructivist paradigm as well as a reflection on their methodological and ethical consequences. A specific constructivist methodological design includes both a specification of the methodological choices relative to the observation and interpretation of phenomena (‘the observed systems') and a reflexive interpretation and reconstruction of the subjective decision processes underlying those methodological choices (‘the observing system', i. E. , the researcher herself). Consultants' thinking processes were studied via a six month, on-site, ethnographic investigation in an international management consulting firm. A case study puts in evidence the methodological and interactive dimension of knowing while a more focused interpretation questions the basis and value of consulting expertise. In conclusion, the main the research findings and the scientific usefulness of constructivism as a scientific theory and/or investigation paradigm for organization science are discussed
Maire, Sarah. "Science et politique des "soft skills" de l'éducation à l'emploi : sociologie d'un nouveau motif cognitif international." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG049.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the relationships between science and policy through the emergence of the new concept of “soft skills”. Examining how this cognitive motive is built and disseminated at a global level over the last decade, this research shows the essential roles played by experts and international organizations, as well as by entrepreneurs and private networks. These circulations lead to a gradual convergence of actors upon a shared reasoning in the field of education and employment policies. Conducted in France, the second part of the research shows how these dynamics fit in the context of public policies’ reconfigurations. New frames emerge, tightly linked to the growing influence of new actors coming from the fields of philanthropy and social entrepreneurship. Nested in the promotion of human capital and the knowledge economy, justified by the European strategy of lifelong learning and social investment, and by corporate social responsibility claimed by companies, soft skills are growingly promoted. This leads to a gradual hybridization of policies and their actors, studied in the last part of the research which based upon study cases of educational programs
Roy, Jean-Pierre. "La métaphore de l'homme dans les organisations : de l'hypostase fictionnelle à l'intégration conceptuelle : fondements épistémo-méthodologiques d'une nouvelle démarche d'analyse cognitive des organisations." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_roy_j-p.pdf.
Full textThe object of my thesis is to clarify what the human metaphor can bring to the understanding of the organizational phenomenon and to show in what instrumental manner the cognitive metaphor of man can effectively account for management situations as part of general organizational audits in order to achieve a “perfect” analysis. This demonstration requires that we link the organizational and cognitive fields in a new way around the central concept of the human metaphor. This is our theoretical project. In the first part we see to what extent the metaphor helps the detachment process and how it manages to carry out highly complex human tasks at a human level. The first part demonstrates (1) the unavoidable fact to use anthropometaphoric representations of the organization (2) that metaphorization in the human model needs to be perceived as a natural human activity thanks to which complex information is gathered in a significant and creative way. There is therefore a real connection between human pattern and organizational models that allow the anthropological and anthropocentered approach. In the second part we introduce the cognitive theories of the mental space and conceptual integration. The project consists in integrating the mental space of the organization which is composed of different mental and logical states and present in a single integrated space, a blend according to Fauconnier and Turner (2003). This is our practical project. In the third part, 4 case studies are dealt with through Qualitative Secondary Analysis method, using the methodology of mental spaces. 13 out of 15 vital identified relations are compressed into a metaphoric personality out of which emerges the management situation in a conceptual unified whole. These case studies highlight the epistemological and methodological principles of a new cognitive analytical approach and demonstrate its value, thus opening a new field of research
Ballé, Michael. "Les modèles mentaux : étude du raisonnement en situation." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040215.
Full textMorgiève, Margot. "Ethnologie de la production d'un traitement innovant en thérapie comportementale et cognitive des troubles obsessionnels compulsifs." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066432.
Full textBouyssières, Patrice. "La representation sociale du metier, lieu d'expression strategique dans la construction socio-cognitive du projet professionnel. Un exemple : les etudiants et la representation sociale des metiers de l'enseignement." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20018.
Full textThe first part of the thesis attempts to describe the specific social representation of the teaching profession from a psychosocial viewpoint. It presents the historical, sociological, philosophical, psychoanalytical and pedagogical components of the profession. Il also reviews the work done on the concept of social representation and the building of career plans. The second part is a study of the representation and the of the teaching profession by students in competitive exams for primary and secondary school positions. The responses to questionnaires are analyzed multi-dimensionally and used to describe the representation of teaching in terms of content and structure, interpreted via the psychosociological theories of attribution, retionalization and commitment. The interpretations are next brought together in an oveview, including the cosefd temporal " mean - objectives" behaviour model. The paper then presents and analyzes the data gathered during interviews with a representative sub-sample of the group studied
Moskalu, Violeta. "Une analyse socio-cognitive de l'impact de l'actionnariat salarié sur la création de valeur des entreprises françaises cotées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0380/document.
Full textLucq, Julien. "Sport, valeurs et régulations sociales." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2048.
Full textThe aim of this work is to identify the possible social regulations within the sport sphere. In study 1, we have first established, by two complementary questionnaires (Likert and Choice-types), a classification of seventeen values generally associated with sport. The result show that the four most and the four least appreciate values are, respectively, in order, enjoyment, health, being fair, human relations and financial enrichment, winning, sociale recognition, obedience. In study 2, we have built an accessible HTML-formatted video questionnaire (on the Internet), composed of items jeopardising ten of these values (the four most and the four least appreciate values and going beyond one’s limits and performance). Our results show that the more the subjects are involved in sports, the more they utilize cognitive immunization, in other words the more they protect the values to which they adhere when they are weakened. Our third study was meant to confirm these results by experiment on a population of subjects strongly involved in sports. The tool used is the Likert-type questionnaire of the first study. The experimental protocol is based on a pre-test and a post-test. Before the latter the experimental subjects watch a video document questioning the sport beliefs. Our claim affirms that the cognitive immunization process generate an over-assessment of the post-test scores of the experimental subjects, which is a response to the attempt at jeopardizing their values. This claim has not proved. Nevertheless, our general conclusions show the existence of a sport orthodoxy controlling the system of beliefs of the sport sphere
Lorre, Benjamin. "Les Tiers Lieux, des méta-dispositifs issus de l'informatisation sociale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD038/document.
Full textThe Third Places correspond to intermediate environments of home and business illustrated by digital manufacturing workshops, fablabs, hackerspaces and co-working spaces. These environments reveal a typology of users that are students, amateurs, and independent professional workers who use their skills to achieve individual and collective projects These projects following the models are based on the "doing" and on the "Project mode". The research analyzes the way in which these environments develop in the Paris area and in different sectors: institutional, cultural, associative, and entrepreneurial in a complex, accelerated and digital world. To analyze the Third Places and give an account of their development in society, we introduce a critical posture (critical interactionism) that discusses the effects of these environments on their users, considering their sociability and the different technical and technological equipment available. The thesis also focuses on social computerization as a process of convergence of ICTs in human activities internal to the Third Place. The relationship to cognitive capitalism (search engine, digital platforms for the diffusion of knowledge and social networks) is discussed, which is illustrated by an accumulation of knowledge and creativity (intangible investment) through the use of ICTs by and for the project leaders
Jore, Maxime. "Apprenance et proactivité : élaboration d'instruments et analyse des liens inter attitudinaux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100092/document.
Full textFaced with the challenges of globalization, Europe wishes to distinguish itself by developing a knowledge society in which the individual becomes a knowledge worker. Within this context, Europe would like that all postgraduate students will be able to learn with autonomy and to act as an entrepreneur in organizations. The analysis we have conducted concerns the study of the correlation between a positive attitude to learning called “learnance” and a positive attitude to entrepreneurial action. This supposes that in the near future, post-graduate students will need to focus on elaborating a lifelong learning strategy, and at the same time manage their career-building projects. After contributing actively to the development and adaptation of two scales measuring the learnance and the Proactive Personality Scale, the author of this research begins by validating the operational nature of these two measuring instruments. Then he makes a quantitative study of the manifestation of these attitudes among students in three areas of specialization on two levels of study. These observations lead us to note that the attitude of learnance, which can be defined as a cognitive curiosity involving emotion, is distinct from the attitude of proactivity, which implies a specific act involving anticipatory, controlled action and a taste for challenge. However, learnance with the degree of a proactive attitude will enable us to better characterize a readiness to self-directed learning. These two attitudes share an enthusiastic disposition to change, openness towards opportunities and a reinforcing of attitude by the presence of appropriate behaviour
Heintz, Christophe. "Cognition scientifique et évolution culturelle : outils théoriques pour incorporer les études cognitives aux études sociales de la science." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145899.
Full textLefèvre, Claude. "Le labyrinthe, systeme de mobilite contrainte : applications a l'urbanisme et l'esthetique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR10006.
Full textThe concept of labyrinth (maze) basically expresse the restriction of mobility for the "subject" or a "free dot" moving along the corridors. E. G. The focus of the evesight, the tip of a pencil on a piece of paper, a real person walking in a corridor, garden maths of a street a major concept concerning the labyrinth is one of transparency of "degree of cognitive dominance". For a given transparency it is possible to build a diagram of the cost of exploration i. E the probable distances that should be covered between each possible input and exit. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the subject will inevitably grope his way out and retrace his steps in the labyrinth. The kind of diagram shows, graphically, what the degree of privacy is, for a given spot, and thus gives a new understanding of the dialectics" between the hidden and the obvious which are specific to the situations encountered in mazes. By making a judicious distribution of the stimuli along the corridors and introducing compulsory traffic ways, it is possible that the subject is more or less "puzzled", by a given topographical structure. In defined cases, the notion of privacy of the attraction or a place is modified. Another aspect of this work is the programming of self-education. It tends to make us realize how we carry our knowledge into pratice through a process of hierarchisation and stratification, a process which enables the subject to have a full view of the elements of this perception, either macroscopic (global shapes) or microscopic, the latter adding greater accuracy at the expense of more general perspective. The latter development requires the creation of algorithms that may generate those structures of interlinked and interdependent networks. They can be encountered in the natural world and some consequences of this are examined
Allouche, Aurélien. "Le rôle de l’argumentation dans le développement du militantisme environnementaliste : Le cas des conflits autour de l’aménagement hydro-électrique de l’étang de Berre (2004-2007)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3077.
Full textThis work questions how far and by what processes the constraint made to the social actors who are opposing an industrial or urban development project to argue their refusal can incidentally contribute to the dissemination of the values, beliefs and principals of the environmentalist activism. Following a simmelian analysis perspective, this work makes converge the interactionist and cognitive dimensions of the planning conflicts. By this way we aim to understand how the properties of arguments and group commitments may gradually lead actors initially engaged to oppose a development project due to personal reasons to assume and promote environmentalist contents defended for themselves and beyond the initial development conflict. We propose an analytical model of the role of argumentation in the development of environmentalist activism when individuals decide to constitute a group in order to oppose a development project by means of a common argumentation. This model is made from the simmelian aspects of the works of Bernard Groethuysen and Mikhail Bakhtin.The field study of this work is consituted by the conflicts arising from the construction of a hydroelectric power station at Saint-Chamas (Bouches-du-Rhône) which converted the Berre lagoon into the point fall of one of the leading french hydroelectric chains. During these conflicts, the progression of argumentation and the interactions involved in the argument process allow the expansion of the mobilization to various environmental issues and the defense of new ecosystems
Monette, Audrey. "La peine carcérale discontinue à l’épreuve de la rationalité pénale moderne : une analyse des motifs juridiques évoqués dans le processus de détermination de la peine." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39076.
Full textBerglund, Johannes. "Narratives of Desistance : A Social Cognitive Approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58196.
Full textGérard, Frédéric. "L' élaboration d'une conviction en contexte d'incertitude cognitive : le choix français de la réduction du temps de travail pour lutter contre le chômage." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040192.
Full textHow to explain the existence of a public policy in its given contents? How to explain its changes in time? To answer this double interrogation, we cross the border which separates policy analysis from the sociology of public action and we put forward the draft of an actionnist model. In our view, a policy is an attempt, by public decision makers, to make a loop between the system of expectations they assume in a specific network of public action and the evolution of reality that this network deals with. Consequently, if they resort to a public action, it is because there is a sufficiently grave gap between their system of expectations and reality, because they have alternatives and because one of them is perceived as relatively adequate with the reduction of his gap. When this public action introduces a major break in the course of the policy, it is because the public system of expectations is significantly altered, either by political impetus, or by policy oriented learning. We undertake to test this model of the "good reasons" on the ground of working time policies to fight unemployment on the one hand, we proceed to a rigorous, systematic and quantitative comparison of policies of this type followed in the states of Europe of the fifteen and in Norway, over the period 1978-2000, to show their causes. On the other hand, in a french monograph, we follow the successes, the failures and the re-formations of a "planning" project of working-time reduction since its elaboration, in the years 1975-1979, until its realization, in 1998, in the form of the first Aubry law on the "35 hours"
Muntanyola, i. Saura Dafne. "Un nou model integrat del procés cognitiu expert: el cas d'una unitat hospitalària." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5137.
Full textSiguiendo las posturas pragmáticas de Searle (2004) y Dreyfus (1979)
My post doctorate proposal examines expert knowledge in heterogeneous real work settings. Its theoretical perspective comes from contemporary cognitive science, and also from ethnographical and empirical sociology (Myers: 2008, Knorr Cetina: 1999, Bourdieu: 1994, Cicourel: 1990). This integrated model stands against the dualism of classical artificial intelligence. Following the pragmatic positions of both Searle (2004) and Dreyfus (1979), the integrated model of expert knowledge stands against the dualist models of classical artificial intelligence, also dominant inside the rational choice theory.
Millet, Mathias. "Les étudiants de médecine et de sociologie à l'étude : matrices disciplinaires, nature des savoirs, et pratiques intellectuelles : une analyse sociologique comparée des logiques sociales et cognitives du travail étudiant." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/mmillet.
Full textOn the basis of a comparison between third year medical student and third year (degnee) level students of sociology this research seeks to show the heuristic interest of the point of view of the sociology of knowledge for understanding the forms of intellectual work carried out by students. The sociology of knowledge, in conjunction with the sociology of education, attempts to reconstruct and describe the socio-cognitive logics of the different forms of knowledge and the disciplinary framework which students must master. In this respect, this study shows that between sociology and medecine, as they are practiced and taught in third year courses in the faculties under study, there are differences in the degrees of formalisation and both written and graphic codification of knowledge and relations of learning which are as a result unequally established and definied, regulated and programmed, segmented and framed, in the projects for action they give rise to in each discipline. In fact these global differences induce others which are more particular and concern different manners of knowing and of what an assignment is, the aims of practical work, the various logics involued and withein these logics their greater or lesser stability and predictability or, indeed, uncertainty
Morin, Olivier. "La transmission culturelle : questions philosophiques et méthodes quantitatives dans l'étude des traditions." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0057.
Full textWhy are there traditions - ideas and practices whose diffusion reaches far and wide in time or space, by way of transmission from one individual to others ? Cognitive approaches of culture have focused above all on the mechanisms that ensure accurate transmission - like teaching, imitation or memorisation. This work explores another possibility : a tradition's diffusion does not depend on the faithfulness with which it is transmitted or retained. Its chief cause is the quantity of transmission episodes that a given tradition is able to provoke. In order to reach this conclusion, the dissertation combines questions coming from the philosophy of social sciences with a range of quantitative methods : the experimental method as used by psychologists, mathematical modelling, and quantitative cultural history. One of its conclusions is that the main mechanism of cultural transmission used in our species is not imitation, nor teaching, but communication. Communication rests on our (possibly unique) ability to understand recursive intentions and make them manifest. It is not particularly faithful. How can a tradition be widely diffused when its transmission lacks fidelity? A theory is presented, that specities in which conditions a great quantity of transmission episodes may compensate the poor quality of the transmission mechanisms used at each step. We have used it, for example, to propose a quantitative model that explains the conservation of traditions in children's peer cultures
Ferreira, Ana Paula. "Relacionamentos no capricho: as metáforas conceptuais dos amores juvenis." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3170.
Full textAdmitting the diversity of representations on loving relationships, this study aims to determine the concept of love that exists in press materials, mainly magazines, checking if there is a kind of relationship privileged nowadays in media projects for youngsters. In order to achieve this, it counts on the contributions of Cognitive Linguistics, particularly the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980 e 1999; Kövecses, 2000, 2002 e 2005), establishing a dialogue with studies of Sociology and Anthropology (Giddens, 1993; Bauman, 2001, 2004 and 2005; Almeida and Tracy, 2003; Araújo and Castro, 1977, Rezende and Coelho, 2010, among others) that focus on the emotions and / or romantic relationships. Previously beheld as a mere ornament of language, metaphor is now considered a cognitive phenomenon, the result of the experiences shared by a certain group of people. Thus, studying this phenomenon provides a better understanding of human beings and their feelings, as well as it helps to perceive critically how social groups frame the world. During the process of the analysis of the metaphors and also the ways of conceptualizing love, the socio-anthropological studies mentioned before were fundamental, allowing a greater visualization of contemporary loving behaviors. The corpus comprises articles from Capricho Magazine. They were selected during a twelve-month period. These articles dealt with love relationships. On the magazine issues considered, this work found out that, in most cases, the metaphors indicated that love was conceptualized as a business and as a trip, confirming the vision of a society ruled by market relations and utilitarianism, as well as the imperative of the movement to which young people are submitted. There was also room for other conceptualizations, which also showed that the relationships are fluid, immediate, and useful until the time it is convenient. Accepting commitment would mean to give up an immediate pleasure and individual freedom for the other and it is not worth the risk due to the uncertainty of the future
Torgrimsson, Kristel. "RELIGIOUS AMBIVALENCE AND THE PROBLEM OF AGENCY : A Qualitative Study on Cognitive Dissonance among Mormon Feminists." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164095.
Full textVermonden, Daniel. "Dans le sillage des grands navigateurs austronésiens: anthropologie des activités maritimes des Butonais d'Indonésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210487.
Full textThis thesis proposes a detailed analysis of Butonese maritime activities as well as a dialogue between this ethnographic case study and its Austronesian context. The analysis relies in particular on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological analysis of perception and on Vygotsky's historico-cultural conception of cognition. Besides presenting a wealth of new data about the Butonese world (and more specifically the cia-cia linguistic area), the analysis developed here leads to major contributions about the reconstruction of the Austronesian world, the universalism-relativism debate within cognitive anthropology and the use of ethnographic methodology - emphasizing on the ethnographer's own transformation.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Linde, Jessica. ""Sharing is caring" : Om Piratbyrån och kognitiv praxis i en ny social rörelse." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-469.
Full textWords like pirates and anti-pirates are becoming common features in the cultural political debate of today, and the file-sharing phenomenon has become a more and more delicate and disputed subject. The fact that people are organizing in networks to swap computerfiles with each other has, among other things, led film and music companies from all over the world to initiate a number of anti-piracy organizations, assigned to protect the right to culture and information. The industrial organization Antipiratbyrån (the Anti-pirate Bureau) and the network Piratbyrån (the Pirate Bureau) have on several occasions been used to represent the prevailing conflict in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to apply a sociological perspective to the collective act of file sharing. Additionally, the purpose is to argue that the activity can be understood as a social movement, although it is rarely referred to as such. By focusing on the distinctly organized part of the file-sharing movement, the goal has principally been to answer how the collective action and the conveyance of knowledge, that is taking place within the movement, can be understood and which the fundamental ideas are. The study has its starting point in theories about the cognitive praxis – or core identity – of social movements. Among the methods used, interviews with representatives from Piratbyrån were valuable tools, but also other sources, like the Piratbyrån website and forum along with their participation in the media, have been the basis of the analysis. This led to a few conclusions worth considering. The most important result of the study is that it is relevant to talk about a new social movement. This movement is above all characterized by individual autonomy, expressed in a fundametal belief in the individual and some kind of “egoistic” solidarity. Closely connected to this is the everyday practice that makes the existence of the movement possible. The conclusion of the study is that the use of the technology is experienced as a political act, associated by the activists to a decentralization of power and control. Therefore, any restraint of the technology is also experienced as a restraint of man’s autonomy.
Blandin, Bernard. "Des hommes et des objets - Esquisses pour une sociologie avec objets." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135927.
Full textL'auteur part du constat que les objets sont pratiquement absents des préoccupations des sciences sociales. Pour étudier les relations aux objets, il propose de les considérer comme des « connaissances », puis de chercher à comprendre quelles sont ces connaissances et comment elles se construisent. Ce travail est mené dans un premier temps à partir de l'étude de différentes formes d'utilisation des instruments de communication. Il permet de montrer que la relation d'utilité est une relation sociale. Les conclusions de ce travail sont ensuite confrontées à l'approche des objets apparaissant dans les écrits de plusieurs auteurs dans différents champs disciplinaires : technologie, sémiologie, sociologie, psychologie. Cette confrontation permet de dégager l'existence de plusieurs registres de relations aux objets, correspondant à divers registres de relations sociales.
L'auteur propose ensuite l'organisation de ces relations aux objets en un système cohérent de processus relationnels comportant deux niveaux : les relations affectivo-cognitives fondamentales, et les relations instrumentales, dont la plupart sont d'ordre conventionnel. Il suggère pour finir ce que pourrait être une « sociologie avec objets ».
Munoz, del campo Norma. "L'état et la culture au Chili, 1989-2008 : les enjeux et défis d'un processus de construction d'une catégorie d'intervention publique." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017327.
Full textJorquera, Petersen Daniel. "Trasfondo esquemático: compatibilidades de la sociología cognitiva con la filosofía de John Searle." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147942.
Full textEn La Construcción de la Realidad Social, John Searle propone una teoría exhaustiva para elucidar cómo se constituyen las instituciones a partir del despliegue del efecto de sistemas de partículas atómicas con estados mentales conscientes e intencionales. Sin embargo, la sociología no ha tendido a interesarse en su filosofía, sino hasta recientemente, cuando ha volcado su atención a distintos estudios de las Ciencias Cognitivas, que aportan elementos para comprender la antigua dicotomía individuo/cultura y hábito/agencia. Estos intentos de la llamada sociología cognitiva se alimentan del paradigma de cognición automática y deliberativa, los cuales emergen principalmente de campos como la antropología y la psicología. En un intento por acercar la sociología a la filosofía de John Searle, la presente tesis establece paralelos entre la cognición automática y deliberativa con aspectos del habitus de Bourdieu y la teoría de sistemas de Luhmann. Estas convergencias son analizadas a la luz de cruciales aspectos de la teoría de Searle, principalmente en las imposiciones de funciones de estatus, que son parte de los hechos institucionales, y en las reglas constitutivas, que explican la creación y mantención de instituciones. En el examen de estos elementos, se establece que el trasfondo de capacidades, que contiene todas las herramientas para construir esquemas de interpretación de la realidad, funciona junto con el habitus y el sistema de certezas y confianza. Esto implica que nos movemos principalmente de forma automática por un “mar de instituciones”. Sin embargo, modificamos nuestras predisposiciones a lo largo de la vida, a medida en que cambian los sistemas de relevancia derivados del estilo de vida, la clase social, los grupos de pertenencia, entre otros. Este estado de cosas a su vez permea lo que consideramos son lo que consideramos es parte esencial de la creación y mantención de instituciones, es decir, la legitimidad que les atribuimos, desde una base lingüística.
Laure, Patrick. "Les représentations du dopage : approche psycho-sociologique." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10003.
Full textReich, Wendelin. "Dialogue and Shared Knowledge : How Verbal Interaction Renders Mental States Socially Observable." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Univ. : Sociologiska institutionen, Univ. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3622.
Full textPagès, Emmanuel. "" Approche sociologique de la conduite instrumentée. Formes de la cognition distribuée en conduite automobile "." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617612.
Full textPereira, Felippe Alves. "Quebra de simetria espontânea, limites cognitivos e complexidade de sociedades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27042015-101234/.
Full textIn this work we establish a model for social structure formation based on cognitive characteristics of human beings and how they interact with each other. From neuroscience and social psychology studies, and also relying on technique from statistical mechanics and machine leaning theory, we were able to establish a model of agents who exchange opinions, learn together and choose their partnerships using the information they gather. The social relationship dynamics here introduced is capable of generating complexity on the social structure level and a on opinion distribution in a correlated way. This dynamics gives a parameter representing the degree to which society is organized and allow us to see the phenomena of community formation as a structure requiring a \"critical mass\" to fixate. These results guided us in proposing a model able to replicate a portion of the behavior observed at the Brazilian plenary through year of voting law projects under different president mandates.
Lynch, Jamie L. "Child Health and Cognitive Development at the Onset of the Life Course." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1310147160.
Full textMedley-Rath, Stephanie R. "Scrapworthy Lives: A Cognitive Sociological Analysis of a Modern Narrative Form." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/51.
Full textCarne, Christopher John. "Networking minds and machines : representation in the discourse and practice of cognitive science." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339288.
Full textSimic, Arijana. "Det (eko)logiska valet : En sociologisk studie om relationen mellan handlingar och etiska principer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46873.
Full textDenna studie riktar sig mot att skapa en förståelse för relationen mellan handling och etiska principer. Ett exempel på ett snedvridet förhållande är hur miljöproblem får positiv respons av majoriteten av populationen, medan en minoritet möter problemen med ett miljövänligt beteende. Undersökningen utgår från hur privatpersoner reflekterar kring länken mellan sitt samvete och sin insats att göra skillnad. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex manliga universitetsstudenter. Den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är hur det är möjligt att förstå värderingar och beteende hos män under utbildning. Den huvudsakliga teorin grundar sig i kognitiv dissonans för att belysa betydelsen kring skillnader mellan moral och handling. Teorin fokuserar även på problemen med sociala fällor i samhället. Resultatet visar att skillnader finns i människors miljöorinenterade beteendemönster, vilka orsakas av neutralitet eller brist på information. Resultaten visar även att individer som visar stort engagemang för miljöfrågor också ser fler hot mot den ekologiska hållbarheten eftersom de är mer insatta i ämnet. Resultaten visar också att miljövänliga handlingar uppfattas som etiskt korrekta och skadar självbilden om de inte genomförs. Genom att sammankoppla studenternas attityder, kognitiva dissonans och sociala fällor har tre generella karaktärstyper konstruerats och framställts i analysen. Slutsatsen är att uppmuntra populationen till grönare handlingar genom ett större samarbeten mellan organisationer och samhället där egenintresset inkluderas. Detta får populationens förtroende att växa och göra rationella beslut före samarbetet.
Gibbs, Benjamin Guild. "Gender and Cognitive Skills throughout Childhood." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249496662.
Full textMallard, Alexandre. "Le cadrage cognitif et relationnel de l'échange marchand: analyse sociologique des formes de l'organisation commerciale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518417.
Full textMcGivern, Michaela Siobhan. "The impact of cognitive coping on the strain-delinquency relationship: a test of general strain theory." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/550.
Full textNicot, Anne-Marie. "Processus organisationnels de cognition et d'autonomisation : artefacts et réflexivité." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32023.
Full textWith the development of an "immaterial economy", knowledge has become a strategic stake for the organizations. However, most of the concepts and management methods, inherited from the industrial era, are note properly adapted to the questions et knowledge. It appears consequently that :. Knowledge is both the producer and the product of itself, and of the organization ;. Knowledge and organization development are very closely tied to the autonomization processes that emerge from collective interaction
Moore, Dale L. "The Experience of Strategic Thinking in a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA) Environment." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633614.
Full textThis qualitative, phenomenological research study addressed the research question: What is the experience of leaders when they think strategically in a VUCA environment? The study explored what happens when leaders think strategically in a VUCA environment and how such thinking occurs. Of specific interest were the triggers of strategic thinking, the strategic questions being asked, and the methods used to develop insight. The term VUCA stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity and is used interchangeably in this study with the term "complex" to represent the Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition program management environment (Army, 1998).
Ten acquisition program managers and deputy program managers for major DoD acquisition programs were selected as referred by naval aviation acquisition program executive officers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and transcribed to capture the program managers' lived experience and the meaning they made (Seidman, 2006). Data were analyzed and themes developed using Moustakas's (1994) modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method as a guide.
The study had four findings: (1) strategic thinking utilizes an extensive range of knowledge, abilities, and conditions that enable clarity of thought; (2) strategic thinking occurs deliberately as both a high-level creative and a tactically grounded process; (3) strategic thinking is fueled by iterative individual and group analytical and dialogical activities to address the knowledge needed to create strategic-to-tactical linkages and frameworks; and (4) strategic thinking is a deeply personal experience that evokes a wide range of positive and negative emotions. The study concluded that strategic thinking is a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral phenomenon that is both high-level and tactically grounded and is fueled by individual and group analytical and dialogical activities to address needed knowledge, enable clarity of thought, and create strategic-to-tactical linkages and mental models to develop enabling strategies. Further, the characterization of the VUCA environment needs to include the structural elements that may impede the ability to adapt and respond, and the triggers for strategic thinking need to include having the explicit responsibility to think strategically. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are offered.
Dubois, Michel. "Le "relativisme de la chaire" : structure théorique du relativisme cognitif en sociologie de la connaissance scientifique et raisons de son succès." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040159.
Full textOur analysis of the relations between sociology of scientific knowledge and cognitive relativism has four goals: - identification, through the diversity of its empirical forms in classical sociology of knowledge, of the permanence of the “relativity principle” and dissociation of this principle from the doctrine of cognitive relativism. - critical study of the argumentative structure of cognitive relativism in contemporary sociology of scientific knowledge (Bloor, Collins, Latour. . . ) - elaboration of a sociological explanation of its success in sociology of scientific knowledge. - test our explanation by finding out whether it can help us to understand the diffusion of cognitive relativism outside of sociology. This work wants to contribute to the renovation of the sociology of scientific knowledge; a renovation inspire by the necessity of thinking both rationality and contextuality of cognitive phenomena
Summers, Timothy Corneal. "HOW HACKERS THINK: A MIXED METHOD STUDY OF MENTAL MODELSAND COGNITIVE PATTERNS OF HIGH-TECH WIZARDS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427809862.
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