Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie de l'éducation – Gabon'
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Maroundou, Marthe. "Orientation post-maîtrise des étudiants gabonais : itinéraires, motivations et contraintes." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL009.
Full textWhy don't Gabonese students end their studies after obtained their Master's degree ? Why do most of them register for entrance exams to les Grandes Ecoles (ENA, ENS) ? And why do less of them continue doctoral studies ? What could be their motivation ? What reasoning leads these students to make such choices ? Can one conclude that the program level offered by the University Omar Bongo of Libreville (with its limited possibilities for doctoral studies) leads students to only one of two choices : either les Grandes Ecoles or doctoral studies ? This investigation will attempt to answer various questions dealing with the pursuit and choice of studies by Gabonese students who already hold a Master's degree. An analysis of interviews held with students of les Grandes Ecoles and of doctoral students enrolled in French universities highlights the complexity of academic orientation which takes into account both institutional and individual factors
Mouyivou, Bongo Pélagie. "Le métier d’instituteur au Gabon." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20058/document.
Full textThis thesis has for objective to examine the mechanisms governing the corporatist dynamics and logics of action of the collective of teachers in Gabon. This reflection has been directed at the outset by two observations: the teacher collective action and statutory changes marking the evolution of this occupational group. The methodological approach relies on the contribution of several disciplines of social sciences and various theoretical approaches. The theoretical assumption rests on the idea of the creation of a corps of business. This thesis attempts to apprehend the profession of schoolmaster from a triptych linking three areas of analysis: social relations, organization and social context.The field survey conducted among different educational actors, mainly teachers, is centered on the life and work of these conditions. The analysis focuses both on the statutory aspects, relations between teachers and other actors of the educational action - mainly students, families, public authorities - and the daily practice of the class. It highlights, the plurality of professional identities and professional practice variability following relational configurations, organizational rules, and, the social and cultural context of work. For example, the significant teacher in a village becomes an employee being poorly paid in the city. Similarly, when the management of discipline in the classroom, the multiplicity of varied activities, looking for teaching tools, maintenance of the class, punctuate a morning's work of public school teacher and of his students, the maximum exploitation of the many educational resources available characterized a morning's work of the partner school teacher.The analysis can also identify the mechanisms underlying the agreements and disagreements within the school system in its entirety. Training devices not adapted to the actual conditions of work, the marginalization of the teacher in the province, the expectations of the families against the teacher in his home village, leakage of exam classes or oversized classes by some teachers, the constitution and the management of budgets in institutions, radicalization or non of Union action... are all factors sources of opposition characterizing the relationships of teachers between them teachers with parents of students or the public authorities
Abdallah-Bindang, Edou Laïticia. "La problématique de l'enseignement technique et professionnel moyen au Gabon." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG018.
Full textTechnical and vocational studies have often been considered as a major element in the development process leading to progress, growth and modernity in countries such as Gaboon. lt is in such a state of mind that it was institutionalized and became legitimate with the law 10/66 which dealt with the general organization of education in the Republic of Gaboon. Since the EtatsGénétaux de l'Education Formation in 1983, the balance and perspectives of technical and vocational education led to a disillusioned view. lts biased effects are examined by the civil national and international society. Although, up to now the main benefactors such as the students and the teachers have not been allowed to speak up, it is thus the main object of our study. With their comments, on one hand, we shall view the main social features of the technical and vocational school in order to check its interest, notwithstanding the lack of favorable comments in public speeches. On the other hand we shall examine the causes of the lack of efficiency of the technical and vocational schools regarding the schooling, the process of graduation, the output and the insight of a teacher's career concerning his wages
Mpayimana, Paul. "Le droit à l'éducation et l'enfant réfugié en Afrique centrale : cas du Gabon." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS012S.
Full textEveryone has the right to education. In this context, the refugee child shall benefit alongside other children living in their countries. Unfortunately, our research shows that this right is far from being met. In Gabon, several factors combine to hinder the education of refugee children: the trauma of children, poverty and insecurity of the parents, school climate and the organization of the educational system which is adverse to learning and the lack of socio-cultural teachings. Solving these problems requires the involvement and collaboration of different actors. The school should provide opportunities to expand the content of socio-cultural education of origin countries, moralize the school environment and professionalize teaching. Refugees should receive assistance at social, psychological and economic levels, so that every child has access to school and learn in good conditions. Host populations should be prepared to manage the inevitable coexistence in peace with the refugees. Refugee children, meanwhile, need unconditionally a psychotherapeutic assistance in order to digest the situation they are into and continue to learn. These few thoughts force UNHCR to strengthen its capacities and States to meet their commitments
Etoughé-Efé, Jean-Emery. "Le chômage au Gabon : sociologie des chômeurs dans les quartiers populaires de Libreville." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3013.
Full textIn 1993, the census estimated the number of unemployement people at 67,000 in a labour force of about 470,000. The official unemployement refers to the statistics numbers developed by the employment national office (eno) in accordance with the standards of the international labour office (ilo). The unemployment represents all those who - at any time- enterred the labour market and then left it or been laid off for various reasons. So, is it appropriate to talk about unemployment in a society in which labour relations are not very developed, both because of the lack of the state policies and the consequent size of an informal economic sector? while referring the study of unemployment to libreville, the author reveals that every unemployed workers are not necessarly devoid of profitable activities. The jobless activities fit into the odd jobs framework. These activities which are the competence of the informal labour in urban area represent odd jods such as pieceworking, fritters sale, door to-door selling, photographs and so on. The odd jobs, according to wages it procures avoid the libreville inhabitants to suffer from the fringe in an area in which the social element remains the monetary income
Mboni, Joseph. "Les transformations familiales : étude de l'évolution des structures, relations familiales et de l'éducation de l'enfant au Gabon." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20075.
Full textThis thesis is an attempt to enlighten the fonctioning of actual gabonise family and to retrace if possible her evolution as a result of the perception of europeans and industrial arrival using two speeches delivered by adults and youths. Surely, like all developing countries societies, gabonise society develops and consecutive evolutions are noticed with arrival of modernisations that affect on the familiar way of life, organisation and children education. These modifications are received and analysed differently by adults and youths, the referency system not being the same to each. Gabonise family has two different ways of life; firsty, the father traditional chief of the family, secondly the most educated member of the family who enjoy high social level subsidize the unfavourable rest of the the family. Two considerations can be drawn; we observe a tendency named traditionalist that favour the familiar custom, the other called modernist that introduce new ways of life which reflected on children education. Finaly certain relase to keep practical foodstuffes and initiatves are seen. We can say that certain practice changes, there are two approaches of the family way of life; children are confused perplexly because they don't know which model is applicable. The child is therfore confronted with two ways; the traditionalists who requiere the tradition and on the other hand the modernists that struggle to be more and more present in the new society
Ndong, Sima Gabin. "Le rapport à la culture des enseignants de français de lycée au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29281/29281.pdf.
Full textBibang-Assoumou, Hilaire. "L'intégration du XO dans les environnements d'apprentissage : cas à l'école ÉNS/B au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30142/30142.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to understand and illustrate the pedagogical integration of the XO computer in a school located in a popular area of Libreville Gabon, ENS/B School. The integration activity of the XO in that school is part of a comprehensive plan to reform the Gabonese education system initiated by the Ministry of Education. It is also an effort to introduce Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in order for the education system to adapt to the global environment of the information society, and in a way guided by UNESCO’s recommendations (2008, 2010, 2011). The study relied heavily on activity theory to highlight the tensions that emerged in the activity system of the teachers (unit of analysis used) with regard to the integration of the XO. Various concepts of this theory, and among others, the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978), dual stimulation (Laitinen & Sannino, 2011), and the cycle of expansive learning (Engeström, 1987) were used to support teachers’ transformation of their activity system through tension resolution. The overall thesis led to the identification of two types of tensions. The first category is described within the teachers’ system of activity, and refers to their narrow receptivity to tools that fall outside of the official educational program. It also refers to the dilemmas face by teachers regarding the XO as an educational tool not yet specified in the curricula, the rules that controlled their intrasystemic interrelationships, and the roles of the different actors involved. The second category concerns the tensions caused by the weakening of boundaries between teachers’ activity system and other activity systems with which they have constant interrelationships. However, if intrasystemic tensions proved to be a springboard for expanding the XO integration activity in teaching practices as we witnessed the emergence of an informal sharing and production of joint educational scenarios, intersystemic tensions tended to paralyze the expansion of the activity to the point where it was difficult for teachers to use the XO in a meaningful way, one that could positively transform their classroom practice. Keywords: Digital Revolution, social change, community learning, community of practice, community knowledge building, zone of proximal development, dual stimulation cycle of expansive learning, intersystemic borders.
Pédrono, Yves. "Étude des relations entre l'éducation permanente et l'éducation initiale." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR21007.
Full textMissioumbou, Paul. "Dynamique et jeu de "grandeurs" dans la manifestation et la gestion du contentieux successoral au Gabon : pour une lecture de la mutation d'une société d'Afrique Centrale." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0549.
Full textThe study concerns the inheritance dispute in the Gabon, set as a pretext to suggest a reflection on the question of the transformation of the African societies. The analysis leans on a interpretative model inspired by the theory "Of the justification" by the greatnesses of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, and categories of reading we associated with the notion of baroque, to how that the transformation which takes place in Africa proceeds of the baroque joint of the greatnesses of the "worlds" of corresponding to three striking temporality of the history of the continent: pré-colonization, colonization and comment-independance. The author support the idea that if this baroque context is the one generate the conflicts observed, he is also the one whi inclines to the persons the means to manage them
Midepani, Lévi Martial. "Élites politiques et démocratisation au Gabon : contribution à une sociologie de la construction démocratique en Afrique noire." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0012.
Full textGabon does not have escaped with the dynamics of democratization of the year 1990. On, economic bottom of crisis and social protests, the political authorities of this country convened a national conference on march 27th 1990. The observation of the Gabonese political field shows that the hoped-for transformations at the end of 1980, truly did not take place. Precisely on the level of political community, there is a very low renewal which is accompagnied by the hard emergence of the pratics and the repports/ratios of liberal democracy. The present thesis wants to seize these ambivalences and paradoxs of the Gabonese democracy. Why, in spite of the introduction of certain standars of the liberal democracy in 1990, of new personalities and new political practices have evil to impose itself? Organised around an assumption of the passive revolution, this thesis demonstrate that the evolutions of the Gabonese political regime are the result of the succession of political generations and that the whole of the political changes recorded between 1945 and 2005 was even controlled, instrumentalized by the political elite
Moussavou, Georges. "L'État et le système d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche scientifique au Gabon : contribution à une sociologie des institutions publiques." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0005.
Full textOndo, Assoumou Hervé. "La politique de l'Unesco au Gabon de 1960 à 1970." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030109.
Full textUNESCO policy in Gabon from 1960 to 1970 was formulated within an international context marked by three issues : the problem of development in LDC's, the questions of aid and technical cooperation and the extent of international organisations' commitment to the development of LDC's. Moreover, this policy was justified by historical and socio-economic factors and was based on Gabon's implementation of UNESCO membership procedures on 16 november 1960. The particular context of the 1960's and Gabon's relations with France also influenced UNESCO policy in the country. It was guided by the technical assistance agreement of february 21, 1962, which permeted the implementation of four education projects, in compliance with the official gabonese policy and the principles of international technical assistance. While the results were satisfactory, UNESCO policy was constrained by gabonese technical mangement problems and was geared toward one sector and. New orientations were adepted however
Manzo, Gianluca. "Analyse comparée de la stratification éducative en France et en Italie dans les années 90 et au cours du XXème siècle : de la description statistique à l'explication par simulation "individus-centrée"." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040015.
Full textThe thesis contains a comparative analysis of morphology, emergence and temporal transformations of the French and the Italian educational stratification. The aim of the present work is to develop a framework of research suitable to renew the sociology of mobility and stratification. With this intention, we propose, on the one hand, to integrate sociology known as "analytical" and sociology known as "computational", on the other hand, to revalue the task of the “variables sociology". We grant to the latter the role of "generator" of empirical regularities to explain. From analytical sociology, we take the interest for the theoretical construction of "generating models". We finally draw from computational sociology the need for formalizing these generating models and for simulating the behavior of it. Within such a framework of research, we initially empirically describe two principal dimensions (`distributive' and ` relative') in which the educational stratification can be broken up. We build then a theoretical model of the generating mechanisms of the educational stratification ("model of the interdependent educational choice"). We show finally that a system multi-agents animated by this ideal model makes it possible to generate many regularities of which the statistical structure is in conformity with the synchronic and diachronic empirical regularities detected in the French and Italian data, in the` distributive' as well as in the ` relative' plan
Bouyou, Jean-Marie V. "La production de l'espace urbain au Gabon : une étude sur Libreville." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H032.
Full textPoupeau, Franck. "Enseigner en "banlieue" : sociologie de l'éducation et crise du système d'enseignement." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0086.
Full textPeignard, Emmanuel. "La Hiérarchie négociée : crise de légitimité et stratégies d'autorité à l'école et à l'armée." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0070.
Full textJaspers, Jürgen. "Tegenwerken, belachelijk doen: talige sabotage van Marokkaanse jongens op een Antwerpse middelbare school." Doctoral thesis, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/244181.
Full textBarthoux, Gérard. "L'école à l'épreuve des cultures : critique de l'éducation interculturelle." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL009.
Full textThis study aims to show the dangers which threaten today the republican school in its fundamental mission of transmission of universal knowledge and values, with the demand that school takes into account the cultural particularities of pupils in the conception of its goals, its methods or its curricula. This demand is the principal idea of what we actually call the multicultural education, and it is based on several arguments which are mostly borrowed from the human sciences. This work tries to analyze and to criticize these arguments whose origins are the north-american cultural anthropology, Levi-Strauss' or Whorf's anthropology, the transcultural psychology or the sociology of education (the Bourdieu/Passeron sociology of reproduction for example). We also propose a philosophical criticism of the cultural relativism which inspires most of these scientific and pedagogical trends
Darmon, Muriel. "Approche sociologique de l'anorexie : un travail de soi." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H042.
Full textAnorexia Nervosa can be seen, from a sociological standpoint, as a process of self-transformation. Interviews with anorexic patients, schoolgirls and teachers, and observation of different kinds of hospitalizations are used to enligt the processes that take place during what is labelled as "anorexia". The first part deals with the historical configuration where the diagnosis emerged, and contextualizes the fieldwork and the interviews. The second part presents anorexia as a "deviant career" and describes the four phases of the anorexic progressive "commitment". The third part analyses the social conditions of possibility of such an entreprise of self-transformation (a combination of class, gender and age positions), proposes a sociological interpretation of the way some anorexic patients resist to medical treatment, and suggests the notion of "travail de soi" can be useful to apprehend processes of voluntary self-transformation as "practices" of self-transformation
Olui, Ghislain. "Manières de faire l'éducation à la citoyenneté en milieu scolaire : points de vue d'enseignants et enseignantes des écoles secondaires du Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25660.
Full textDespite the democratic process initiated in the early 90s, the Gabonese society still faces a democratic deficit caused by the resistance of national elites to implement principles and values promoted by the Constitution which was newly adopted at that time. This is to cope with such a situation that, since 1994, Gabon has rehabilitated the citizenship education by integrating it as a compulsory subject in the school curriculum. However, we must admit that this teaching takes place in an educational institution whose organization and operation are still largely inspired by the school model inherited of colonization, hence our interest in understanding how history and geography teachers responsible of this teaching say they ensure it daily. Situating our approach in a descriptive and comprehensive qualitative perspective (Anadón Zajc and Savoie, 2009), we combined Fourez's approach of representations (2004, 2007) and thematic content analysis (Bardin, 2003, 2007) to understand teachers' discourse on citizenship education. The analysis showed, with regard to the forms of mediation they provide in the classroom, that teachers agree with the educational aims of forming a model of citizen which corresponds as well to a knowledgeable person who stands by the nation, to a reflexive and committed person who can contribute to the development of thereof. To achieve the training of such type of citizens, teachers use a transmissive and informative approach requiring direct instruction. They also rely on an interactive and dynamic approach that promotes strategies to provide students with classroom spaces of expression. The choice of such approaches is not unintended, it results from the assessment that the subjects are doing of the possibilities and constraints from the functioning of the School and the Gabonese society which guides how they mediate to train students to a type of hybrid citizenship that includes normative aspects as participatory dimensions, a view of citizenship inspired by the Western model and the values and principles that comes from their own tradition.
Mussavu, Mussavu Judith. "Les enfants en situation de rue à Libreville au Gabon." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL037.
Full textWhy children in age be provided education for find themselves to survey the streets of the Gabonese capital ? This thesis analyzes the situation of street of the children with Libreville. It questions the objective and subjective motivations, which involve a child to be left the family, school framework and to attend the street or to remain there. This work initially emphasizes the diversity of situations of the children who attend space street. From where the typology essay put forward. These typologies are related to several parameters of which personal history of the child, of the reports/ratios that it maintains with the street and the other social actors involved, of the competences acquired in the street and its future prospects. To give an account of this phenomenon, an analysis of the causes economic, family, social, cultural and political is made
Bisso, Bikah Marcelle. "Dynamique socio-politique : de l'ouverture politique au pluralisme syndical au Gabon." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL323.
Full textWith the acquisition of the independence in 1960, the Gabonese local strengths are going to manage the professional relationships through the tools, which had been bequeathed by the colonization. If the Gabonese workers are evolving in a trade-union pluralism, the trade unionists will not be really accept by the political authorities. From 1967 to the late eighties, those same authorities will even set up a trade-union monolithism that won't be contested by the workers till the late eighties. Indeed, until that period, they are going to set off very violent demonstrations. We aim at understanding why the workers who were thus far apathetic demonstrated and what could be the nature of their movement. Therefore, we have given off the hypothesis that we were in front of a social movement as defined by Alain Touraine. In comparison with that hypothesis, we submitted the Gabonese workers to a social observation, which is the method of this writer when it does matter of wondering if a struggle could be defines as a social movement or not. It is that job of self-analysis made close to groups of workers, that is proposed here to the reader
Boutet, Orphé. "Pour une socio-anthropologie du handicap au Gabon : Mobilisations, représentations et identités collectives des personnes handicapées physiques à Libreville." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL037.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse how disabled people living in Libreville define, organise and structure their demands for reform. One of the most visible and meaningful ways in which they show their discontent, is in the squatting of public buildings. Inhabiting a squat is a way of demanding the right to housing and the right to accessibility to housing. It is important to speak beforehand of the social customs in relation to handicap in the Gabon. First of all, I explored the anthropological and sociolinguistic aspects of the human body in general. In other words, I analysed the way the human body is represented from a sociolinguistic point of view and the social practices which result. It appears that the body is seen as a global entity, whole and unbreakable. Thereby, it epitomises a person (identity, mental health, the amount of money a person has ,the work they do,their love life , failure or succes at school, etc. ). Subsequently, I explored the way in which different types of handicap are discussed in certain local languages of the Gabon, paying particular attention to their symbolic meanings. These practises and meanings give rise to a liminality that is as much symbolic as it is empirical, I also analysed the way in which physical handicap can be interpreted in different ways ; how the causes of disability are explained. We can draw the conclusion that if in other parts of the world and different cultures, handicap is seen to be a form of punishment or a divine curse, in the Gabon, it is seen to be caused by witchcraft, and this interpretation is born out of human jealousy and nastiness. These suspicions and accusations of witchcraft cause terrible tensions within families, even causing divorce or leading to children being separated from their parents, Physical handicap results in social handicap,and directly influences the way a person lives his or her life
Immongault, Christine Marthe. "Les représentations sociales des élèves, des enseignants du secondaire et des parents à propos de la réussite scolaire en zones urbaine et rurale au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30486/30486.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation was to identify and compare the social representations with regard to academic achievement of Gabonese students, school teachers and parents who live in urban and rural areas. Although several authors have studied the issue of academic success, few have analysed it in terms of social representations in an African context. Our conceptual framework was based on Moscovici’s theory of social representations as well as on Riviere et al’s typology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 students, 19 teachers and 19 parents, and then transcribed and analyzed using ALCESTE software. Results highlight the distinct social representations of academic success in Gabon according to social role (student, teacher, and parent), gender, geographical environment, and school results. Participants’ discourses brought to light confrontational social representations which explained the multiple visions of academic achievement in Gabon, in light of financial, professional, social or personal success. In this regard, the social representation of academic success in Gabon appears to be closely linked to the search for a job in rural areas, to the quest for social and professional recognition in urban areas, and to the search for personal development of girls in both contexts. Moreover, the diverse discourses highlighted the gendered character of social representations of academic success in Gabon as they were largely influenced by gender stereotypes. Girls do not perceive academic achievement the same way boys do. Furthermore, girls’ academic failure is not necessarily seen by participants as a social failure unlike boys’.
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Bibana, Jean de la Croix. "L'approche par compétences et son impact sur l'amélioration de la qualité de l'éducation dans les écoles primaires publiques gabonaises : points de vue des enseignants du primaire des circonscriptions scolaires de Libreville." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28026.
Full textFor several years the Gabonese political authorities have put education at the heart of public policy. Thus, several reform programs have emerged, namely the reform of content materials, the approach by objectives and the skills approach, the most recent. The aim sought by the government was to form a new type of citizen able to participate in the development of the country through the skills he would have learned at school. Interest in the competency approach is born of what it claims to be an adequate response to the problems of school failure experienced by some education systems and the inadequacy of such systems in the world production. Thus, this research focuses on the impact of the skills approach on the quality of education in the Gabonese public primary schools exploring the views of teachers, key actors in any education reform. This is to examine the understanding of teachers of the skills approach, quality education and the aims pursued by the Ministry of Education to assess the impact of this approach on the quality of education in schools and to explore opportunities related to improving the quality of education and practice of the skills approach. The method used for data collection is personal interview. The results allowed us to have a view on the understanding that teachers have the skills approach by competence, quality of education and the objectives pursued by the Ministry of Education. It appears that teachers have a good understanding of the skills approach, the quality of education and the aims mentioned by the Ministry of Education, and a limited understanding of its characteristics. They also identified that the skills approach is not meant in the specific case of Gabon to improve the quality of education, and that it would pass through the satisfaction of several obstacles that hinder its operation, namely facilities, teacher training, textbooks and instructional and teaching materials, taking into account the student himself and parental involvement in supporting the student in his studies. Keywords: Competence approach, skills, impact, education quality, reform, teachers, primary schools
Gomez, Quiles Maria Luisa. "La généralisation de la créativité : le rapport entre rupture du quotidien aliéné et créativité sociale." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1132.
Full textLosego, Philippe. "La professionnalisation des enseignants : un effet de construction politique : le cas de la france à la lumière du cas de l'Espagne." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20045.
Full textThis study is about modifications which took place in teacher education between 1982 and 1995 in France and Spain. There are two main chapters. The first is a concrete analysis of the political construction of teachers' professionality. In France, this construction is based on the notion of "skill", definite as relatively autonomous from any theoretical corpus. In Spain, it's based on the notion of "subjects", strictly linked with groups of specialists. This difference is not casual: it squares with the differences between the modalities of existence of the state in each country. We can make the same statement about the institutions of teacher education. The second main part is about the "real" construction of professionality, by way of selecting individuals who will constitute the "profession" as a group. The major part of this study deals with the "professional" test of recruitment concourses and its social effects
Cacouault-Bitaud, Marlaine. "Des femmes professeurs a l'ère de la féminisation. Positions, situations, itinéraires, 1965-1980." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080205.
Full textPonsart, Jacky. "Pourquoi préparer sa classe ? : la fonction des préparations d'enseignement : étude sociologique du travail enseignant hors la classe." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H028.
Full textTeaching preparation can be defined as the whole of the time devoted to the profession outside the classroom, time which forms a fluctuating boundary between one's professional and private life. Based on a study of the professional criteria of teaching, preparation is identified as a moment which has a dual role at the center of the professional process. It has, on the one hand, a role of rationalization : from the irrational of individual habitus, it forms professionalism. On the other hand it fulfills a role of identification : from the diverse conceptions of education, it forms a habitus of the teaching corps. A questionnaire concerning 1680 teachers, ranging from pre-school classes to secondary school enables us to draw up a typology of teachers who construct varying types of professionalism with their preparation activities. Observation of the way these are using in practice in 35 elementary classes completes the analysis of the process and shows how preparation determines practice and above all how it ensures other functions
Moudjegou, Moussavou Aimé. "Le syndicalisme des enseignants du secteur public au Gabon, de 1990 à nos jours : contribution au fondement d'une sociologie du pouvoir au Gabon." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H006.
Full textThe labor-union movement of teachers is the object of this study. The explicit question is summerized in the decoding of the sociological signification which this fight takes. We can examine it on two bases of reflexion. The operating mode of the State-employer and questions related on the social order reproduction’ strategies. And the permanence of the politico-administrative leading elite. The second reflexion relates on the operating mode of trade-union structures. Here, the questions of conformism and the deviance compared to the collectivly laid down objectives arise, and of the behavior of the trade-union representatives who benefit from corruption’s generalization while the majority of the teaching group leaves in social and professional precariousness. From where the structuring of a social conflict whose reading is organized around a marxist central concept : the conflict of the classes. Finally the trade-union answer of the teachers to the crisis of education fits in an apparent dynamics of fight supporter of corporatism and a subjacent and major dynamics of social change in progress. Thus, this trade unionism is especially the expression of an antagonistic conflict of class
Augé, Axel Éric. "Le recrutement des élites politiques en Afrique subsaharienne : une sociologie du pouvoir au Gabon /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torini : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39956184s.
Full textOssima, Metou Hugues N. "Représentations sociales, attitudes envers la sphère politique et abstention électorale : un regard psychosocial des comportements électoraux au Gabon." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0041.
Full textThe theoretical perspective of social representations is an alternative approach to the dominant models of human and social sciences (political science, sociology, economics, geography, etc.) that explain voting patterns. The study focused on political behavior: abstaining. This behavior is commonly practiced by individuals in Gabon, is still the subject of some scientific work. However, the few researchers who have addressed the issue have made the assumption that this behavior was a response to the political aberrations of citizens in this country. To empirically test this hypothesis, the objective of our study was to explore the socialrepresentations and attitudes expressed towards politics and their links with the electoral abstention in Gabon, on the assumption that affective components of social representations can be evaluated from the own attitudes tools. In the literature there are proven relationships in other fields of research, these three concepts (social perception, attitude and behavior). It was therefore possible to assume that social representations are sociocognitive tank or attitudes take shape (Moliner, 1997; Rateau, 2000 Sales-Wuillemin, 2004; and Bengamaschi, 2011) to determine the behavior. We put to the test, in this thesis, the hypothesis that electoral abstention in Gabon is the con-sequence of the activation and / or updating of negative images that people have of politicians and electionsthis country. To this end, our research which was conducted under an exploratory theoretical configuration had a double objective.Initially, a pre- survey was conducted among a sample of eighty-one (91) young neighborhood residents (6) Libreville, Gabon. The objective was to know the image that they had of the country's political sphere. Data were collected using free associations (technical evocations prioritized normal context and context substitution) with words as stimuli: politicians from the ruling majority, politicians of the opposition, political elections. And, they were treated with prototypical analyzes. Secondly, a questionnaire survey was conducted among a sample of experimental two hundred and eighteen (218) students of the University Omar Bongo, whose objective was totest a theoretical model that would verify link between attitudes towards politics and electoral abstention in presidential and legislative elections. The questionnaire was composed of several separate parts. A collection of attitudes to the political sphere, built from the dictionary of opinions extracted from the pre- investigation and questions about voting behavior, politicization, party identification, gender and courses of study. The main results of the preliminary survey showed that respondents represented policy in Gabon through these aberrations. This negative image of politics has declined in three dimensions with a strong resonance with the Gabonese political news: an ethical dimension, a mystical- religious dimension and a dimension criminality / perversions. Similarly, young people surveyed do not have an image of the politicians of the most rewarding opposition to the image they have of politicians from the ruling majority. Instead, the Gabonese political class is seen as "a whole". Finally, as to the main results of the investigation, it appears that individuals surveyed have a very negative attitude towards the sphere of politics, and it was very dependent on thenegative attitude towards the politicians of the ruling majority. The results showed ultimately relatively modest relationship between certain items of representational world of politics (ritual crimes, Freemasons / sects, liars, frauds) and behaviors voters during the presidential and legislative elections. This thesis has shown that voters - citizens also possessed, beyond the classic variables,belief systems (social cognition) of the political sphere which encourage them in their decision-election decision or policy choices
Lachheb, Monia. "Modèles du corps et modèles pédagogiques à travers l'éducation physique et sportive tunisienne contemporaine." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30004.
Full textThe research is about epistemological basis of body models transmitted by the Tunisian educational system and the pedagological models used in order to make concrete its intentions. The analysis of legislative texts related to this discipline of teaching and the ethnographic description of pedagogical practises show that the sporting body constitutes the privileged corporal ideal type that guides its axiological orientations. The didactic model reveals an obvious coherence between versant discursive and versant pragmatic proper to physical education. When the analysis considers the body as the starting point, it reveals that the corporality uniformed and normalised by the injunctions of this educational model is assimilated to an automate and interpreted with reference to a mechanical metaphor
Chatel, Elisabeth. "L'évaluation de l'éducation et l'enjeu des savoirs." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086541.
Full textLa note de synthèse qui accompagne mon dossier de candidature à l'habilitation à diriger des recherches retrace, comme il se doit, une trajectoire de recherche.
Celle-ci, pour le dire brièvement, connaît un renversement lorsque, au début des années 1990, je passe d'une posture d'enseignante du second degré conduisant des recherches sur l'enseignement de sa discipline, les sciences économiques et sociales, à un positionnement de chercheuse en économie qui fait porter ses recherches sur l'évaluation de l'éducation.
Cependant, dans ces deux sortes de recherches, j'adopte une même conception de l'éducation, l'entendant comme développement culturel de la personne, à portée émancipatrice. L'intentionnalité démocratique de l'éducation est présente dans cette finalité, ce qui conduit à interroger les contenus donnés à l'enseignement et les façons d'opérer la transmission. L'enjeu des savoirs est donc central dans ma conception de l'évaluation en éducation. Il est présent dans la conception qualitative de l'évaluation que je défends.
La note de synthèse comporte quatre chapitres. Le premier et le deuxième retracent mes recherches empiriques en distinguant celles qui concernent l'enseignement en classe de celles qui portent sur l'évaluation. Le troisième expose les options théoriques et méthodologiques de mes travaux et le quatrième mes projets.
La chapitre 1 porte sur l'enseignement scolaire et l'activité qu'y mène l'enseignant pour faire apprendre aux élèves des savoirs valides ; j'ai exclusivement travaillé sur le second degré et presque uniquement au niveau lycée.
Comme bien d'autres chercheurs, j'attribue à ce qui se passe en classe un rôle majeur dans les effets de l'éducation scolaire. Inspirée des travaux en didactiques des disciplines et de ceux de pédagogie générale, je vois à l'activité enseignante une double dimension : gérer la relation aux élèves et gérer la relation des élèves aux contenus de savoir qu'il leur faut apprendre.
La spécificité de mon travail a consisté à allier ces deux dimensions dans l'observation de l'enseignement effectif, notamment en SES. L'enjeu de ces recherches consistait à caractériser les significations effectivement enseignées aux élèves puis celles qu'ils ont acquises. Je soutiens et démontre que les significations effectivement enseignées ne sont pas réductibles à la lecture des programmes, ni, tout-à-fait, à celle des manuels. Je soutiens et démontre également que la façon dont le cours se passe, donc les significations qui y sont effectivement exprimées, dépend en partie de la réception par les élèves. J'essaye de caractériser une diversité de modes de déroulement de ces actions, qui, initiées par les professeurs, ont pour enjeu d'associer les élèves, je dis donc que l'action éducative est « relayée ».
J'ai participé et mené plusieurs recherches qui se donnaient pour objectif de caractériser ces divers déroulements. J'y pointe leur incertitude, qui est constitutive de la rencontre enseignant-élèves et de la confrontation de ceux–ci aux savoirs qu'on veut leur faire comprendre et assimiler. Ces recherches ont supposé le recueil de matériaux d'un volume toujours considérable : enregistrement de cours, recueil de cahiers et copies d'élèves, entretiens avec les professeurs et les élèves, analyse de manuels etc. J'ai donc élaboré une méthode pour rendre compte de cette diversité des modes d'action éducative. En accord avec bien des travaux contemporains dans les sciences sociales qui tendent de rendre compte de la complexité des figures de l'action et la pluralité des « grandeurs » ou des « raisons » impliquées dans l'action, je modélise l'action des professeurs comme empruntant divers scénarii possibles selon les circonstances et les situations. Ces scénarii sont nommés « mondes d'éducation », ils se distinguent les uns des autres par la conception du savoir et de celui qui apprend qui y dominent ; il en résulte diverses façons de traiter l'incertitude de l'action éducative ; or ces divers modes de canalisation de l'incertitude n'ont pas les mêmes effets en matière d'accès des élèves aux significations attendues, ils ne produisent pas la même chose. Ils n'ont peut-être pas la même valeur en terme d'émancipation de la personne.
Le chapitre 2 prend appui sur cette caractérisation de l'action éducative pour engager une critique du mode d'évaluation de l'économie standard et proposer une méthode alternative d'évaluation, qui n'exige pas la mesurabilité du « produit éducatif ».
L'économie de l'éducation, comme l'économie en général, se fondant sur une conception instrumentale de l'action voit le problème de l'efficacité comme celui d'un choix entre des moyens alternatifs pour atteindre un but prédéfini. A cela s'oppose l'idée que l'action éducative n'est pas de l'ordre d'un choix, comme la description ci-dessus le laisse voir, et que le produit éducatif n'est pas un bien homogène. Les caractéristiques qualitatives des résultats de l'éducation varient, il paraît difficile d'en rendre compte par la métaphore d'un bien, ou d'une « valeur ajoutée » éducative qui serait mesurable.
Le chapitre 2 se propose trois objectifs.
D'abord il critique l'approche standard en économie de l'éducation qui postule l'homogénéité et la mesurabilité d'un produit éducatif. Cette critique est conduite sur le double plan logique et empirique. Je montre, notamment par mon travail sur les notes au baccalauréat, qu'il est assez aisé d'ordonner les travaux des élèves selon la valeur de leur performance, mais rarement possible de les mesurer. Les notes sont des chiffres qui ne traduisent pas une mesure mais opèrent plutôt un classement ordinal.
Ensuite je réfléchis sur les effets transformateurs induits par la volonté politique de développer dans l'école en France une évaluation fondée sur la mesure quantitative des résultats scolaires des élèves. Je pointe ses effets possibles et, pour certains, déjà effectifs, sur les contenus d'enseignement prévus. La mesure généralisée des connaissances des élèves conduit à modifier les formes d'épreuves en usage dans les écoles et, par voie de conséquence, les prescriptions relatives aux contenus à enseigner de façon à les mettre en cohérence avec ces évaluations.
Enfin, je propose une autre approche de l'évaluation. Je la dis « compréhensive », entendant par là que je considère comme impératif de respecter les caractéristiques spécifiques des cours d'action à évaluer si on espère que l'évaluation éclaire leur conduite. Cela impose de comprendre les « raisons » de ceux qui les mènent.
Une évaluation au service des enseignants profiterait par exemple du résultat suivant. Dans de nombreux travaux, les miens et d'autres, sont mises en évidence quelques caractéristiques robustes des résultats scolaires des élèves. On remarque ainsi, grâce à des analyses en composantes principales de résultats en classe et au baccalauréat ou même des scores aux épreuves internationales de PISA, qu'un groupe, malheureusement minoritaire, d'élèves sont dans la réussite de façon très stable, quelles que soient les matières, les épreuves, les circonstances ; à ce groupe s'oppose deux autres, un groupe, lui aussi assez stable, d'élèves installés dans l'échec et un groupe important d'élèves aux résultats plus instables. La réussite ressemble à un basculement beaucoup plus qu'à une progression linéaire.
Je rends compte aussi, dans ce chapitre, d'une recherche dans laquelle j'utilise cette méthode « compréhensive » pour procéder à une évaluation externe de l'éducation. Il s'agit de l'évaluation de baccalauréats technologiques et professionnels tertiaires, jugés du point de vue de la réussite de leurs détenteurs dans l'exercice de l'activité professionnelle. La différence de résultat entre ces deux sortes de bacheliers invite, entre autres facteurs susceptibles de l'expliquer, à s'intéresser aux orientations curriculaires de ces deux filières.
Le chapitre 3 expose les soubassements théoriques de la démarche d'évaluation présente dans mes travaux empiriques.
Il fallait en effet tirer, pour l'économie de l'éducation, les conséquences de la rupture avec une conception instrumentale de l'action. Celle-ci renouvelle la façon de penser l'incertitude. La réflexion sur l'incertitude, menée notamment dans l'économie des conventions, oppose au « risque » probabilisable, l'incertitude qui ne l'est pas.
J'explique dans ce chapitre comment les travaux de ce courant m'ont aidé à construire une alternative hétérodoxe en économie de l'éducation. Il a été néanmoins nécessaire d'introduire dans la théorie les spécificités de l'acte éducatif, dans sa dimension éducative, le développement de la personne, et culturelle. Cela m'a conduit à préciser d'une part le genre d'action « relayée » dont il s'agit et, de l'autre, la conception sociologique de l'institution que j'adopte. Elle n'est pas strictement identique à celle qui est en usage dans les écrits conventionnalistes.
Ainsi je me dis économiste de l'éducation, tout en revendiquant de substituer à la notion d'efficacité, qui suppose un produit éducatif bien délimité et une idée de causalité (éventuellement probabiliste), qui dicte des choix ex ante, celle d'évaluation, nécessairement ex post. La méthode d'évaluation que je préconise est directement inspirée de l'enquête sociale décrite par le philosophe pragmatiste John Dewey dans sa Logique. Cette approche reconnaît le caractère non causal des dispositifs institutionnels, ce qui oblige à prendre en considération l'incertitude de l'action et de ses conséquences. L'évaluation se veut un élément de la conduite démocratique de l'action publique, action publique signifiant une action au service du public invité à connaître et discuter les évaluations du chercheur.
Le chapitre 4 enfin, expose mes projets.
Je souhaite d'une part poursuivre des travaux anciens sur l'évolution des curricula, d'autre part poursuivre des travaux engagés sur l'évaluation externe de formations professionnelles.
Dans mes travaux j'ai eu continûment la préoccupation des contenus transmis par l'enseignement. Ces savoirs sont délimités, mis en mot, catégorisés dans les dispositifs prévoyant l'enseignement et la certification de l'éducation et de la formation. Or cette mise en forme n'est pas arbitraire, il faut que ces catégories soient socialement jugées pertinentes et qu'elles permettent ces activités. Elle n'est pas non plus indifférente puisque ces mises en forme influencent les contenus culturels transmis. Dans ce domaine le champ ouvert à l'évaluation est vaste.
Concernant la formation à visée professionnelle la question de la dynamique de l'apprentissage et du rôle de l'expérience dans l'accès à la connaissance m'intéressent tout particulièrement. Elles sont a relier à de nouveaux réquisits de gestion de la main d'œuvre et « d'employabilité » ; elles se traduisent par de nouveaux dispositifs organisationnels comme l'alternance et institutionnels comme la certification des acquis de l'expérience. Je me propose d'étudier spécialement les options sur la mise en forme des savoirs qui découlent de l'écriture de ces dispositifs de l'enseignement et la formation professionnels et leurs répercussions culturelles.
Biveghe, Bi Ndong Wilfried. "Anthropologie d'une entreprise africaine : l'exemple de la Société meunière et avicole du Gabon (SMAG)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20127/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the methods of hybridization of companies in Gabon, taking as an example a company established in Libreville since 1969, the Miller and Poultry Company of Gabon (SMAG). Hybridization theories were initially focused on the biological field, particularly on plant biology. It's common knowledge that Mendel's laws stem from the observation of the experimental crossing of several species of beans. It is suitable, therefore, to question the concept of hybridization in its application to the humanities before experimenting it in a corporate anthropology, which is envisaged in this study. With this reading and this analysis, we emphasize the importance of the dual contribution, the dual exchange, that are at stake in a working and production environment. The experiment shows the importance of this adaptation. Two realities and two conceptions of life and work meet. The richness of these interactions is the focal point of this study. The one that seemed the newest and the most original
Elamine, Adnan. "Enseignement et dépendance : essai sur le Liban et les pays arabes." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H045.
Full textThe aim of the study is to analyses the social function of schools in the Lebanese and Arab societies which are taken as examples of economically dependent societies. It includes four parts: the first examines the notion of the dependency and the dependency of the Arab countries and concludes with some hypothesis on education and social heteronomy in these countries. The second reviews and analyses data on enrollment, koranic schools and curriculum to illustrate the gravity of the social heterogony and the directions of the social articulation conducted by the dominant social classes. The third deals with the social inequalities in educational opportunities, as they appear through the results of a longitudinal survey carried on 500 individuals in said (Lebanon). The survey includes school itineraries and professional status, as related to the racial background. The fourth deals with educational research and publications that appeared between 1920 and 1986 in Lebanon, trying to display their heterogony and the predominance of the modernist paradigm where the predicatory approach neglects the analysis of facts. Dépendantes. Elle comporte quatre études: la 1ere examine la notion de dépendance et la dépendance des pays arabes et élabore des propositions hypothétiques relatives au fonctionnement en question par références à l'hétérogénéité sociale qui caractérise ces sociétés. La 2eme analyse les données relatives à la scolarisation, aux écoles coraniques et aux programmes scolaires dans les pays arabes, elle montre la gravite de leur hétérogénéité sociale ainsi que les orientations de l'articulation non achevée entamée par les classes dominantes. La 3eme porte spécifiquement sur les inégalités sociales des chances scolaires telles qu'elles apparaissent d'après une enquête longitudinale effectuée sur une cohorte de 500 individus (a Saida - Liban) depuis l'origine sociale jusqu'à l'insertion professionnelle. Elle montre la gravite de ces inégalités ainsi que les formes de dépassement des désavantages sociaux. La 4eme traite la littérature relative à l'éducation parus au Liban entre 1920 et 1986. L’analyse des données relatives aux sources montre l'hétérogénéité de cette littérature alors que l'articulation entamée en la matière s'observe dans la prédominance du paradigme moderniste, ou la prédication du cheikh l'emporte sur la compréhension des faits
Mendoza, Perez Pastor. "L'éducation formelle dans le milieu rural vénézuelien : étude de cas des besoins éducatifs et leurs satisfactions dans la région centre-occidentale." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A039.
Full textMayila, Gawandji Oloundigolo Inna Gabrielle. "Salariat féminin au Gabon : modernité et réinvention des traditions." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0006/document.
Full textBefore the capitalist economy’s arrival, the gender-divided repartition of labour in the traditional Gabonese community is built around tasks that are specifically devolved to one or the other sex: there are tasks that are meant to be done by women and others to be done by men. The housework is primarily assigned to women. Relationships within the community are based on a social fabric strengthened by traditional norms. Individual activity appears to be in all probability an integral partof the activity of all community members. That is what holds the social fabric together. Yet Gabonese society is transformed by the advent of the wage system. New modes of production and new labour configuration are gaining over old ones and highlighting changes in production relations, in the gender-segmented repartition of work, notably in the social relations between the sexes. It is important that we analyze, starting with the previous state of the repartition of labour by genderand the view on socialization that makes women the mainstays of the family through her roles as feeder and wife and makes men heads of the family and the main providers for the household, whether women’s integration in the wage system might bring about changes in these relations which underlie social order. We will call this process “patriarcalisation” and we will analyze it in the two parts of our work. In fact, to the home-grown and home-crafted production that used to provide first necessity products succeeds capitalist economy where everything can be bought and sold for money. Could the financial contribution of the Gabonese woman through her wages be instrumental in the reversal of social roles among the sexes in the household?
Lavenu, Daniel. "La reussite a l'ecole elementaire : contribution a la recherche de facteurs de comprehension." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1136.
Full textMinko, Mve Bernardin. "La société gabonaise entre tradition et post-modernité : hétéroculture et dysculturation." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2003.
Full textStructures of welcome of co-residence, co-descendance and co- transcendance are henceforth recogniz d as workshops of apprenticeship of the socialization. This recognition being acquise, it remains a stage again more difficult for cross : the determination of approaches to realize a modernity that would be based on lived it Fang-Ntumu and would draw its force in their aspirations. It is this sense that has to be gauged the contribution of this book. .
Biloghe-Ekouaghe, Céline. "Les rapports des parents d'élèves à l'école : le cas de l'école primaire gabonaise." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083544.
Full textThis work deals with the relationship to school Parents of primary school in Gabon. On the psycho orientation, the study is done through the representations that parents of school. It shows firstly that the representations and the resulting relationships have changed over time, from the colonial era to today, with the image that parents have the role of schools in Gabonese society. Second, it indicates that, far from always conflicting, these reports depend on the experiences of parents of the importance they attach to the School and what it means to them. We distinguish three groups of behavior that reveal practices and parent-teacher communication in connection with their representations of the school. The first group is parents who are building their relationship to school from their personal history with the school. The second group refers to parents for whom school is an autonomous institution and sufficient. The third group consists of parents for whom school is an autonomous institution but insufficient. However, for reasons related to living conditions and availability, few parents are fully involved in the academic success of children. In educational terms, this involvement is manifested by the means of families. This study also relies on a literature review of Gabon's School, on a field survey by interviews with parents and teachers, supported by references in social psychology and interpreted using the recent work on relationships of parents to school in sociology and educational sciences
Noujaim, Zaizaf. "Ecole et socialisation au Liban." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376084561.
Full textTsujihara-Sakata, Kei. "Le système d'enseignement japonais : analyse de ses dysfonctions." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040093.
Full textBeillerot, Jacky. "Savoir et rapport au savoir : disposition intime et grammaire sociale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H500.
Full textMathey-Pierre, Catherine. "L'orientation ou le temps de la persuasion pratiques de classement et d'évaluation au sein d'établissements scolaires." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H054.
Full textJarnet, Loïc. "La légitimation des politiques de l'éducation physique scolaire en France." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040204.
Full textWhy does physical and sports education, a compulsory scholastic discipline, exist? What is it based on? The idea of PE for all, included in the national education system, appeared during the second half of the 18th century in a specific context. Its functionality began with the moderate 3rd republic; it acquired its consistency under de Gaulle. Today, the doctrines of PE are divided into two fundamental positions: those who feel that the objectivity of PE lies in a particular science; and others who believe that PE can only apply “rationales” which are constituted elsewhere. However, PE is based upon a rationale which is both formal (an intrinsic force based on several paradigms) and material (extrinsic forces: political, economic, social). It is the endogenous rationalizations which ensure its reason for being, which explains why the state universalizes it. The boudonian methodology demonstrates that PE is based on knowledge: it maintains that the consequences confirm the principles and, in turn, the principles cause the consequences. From this perspective, reality is questioned through paradigms. The knowledge of PE cannot, therefore, be presented in the form of an immense hypothetical-deductive theory resulting from a few principles. But rather, it takes the form of a gap-ridden intertwining of hypothetical-deductive theories. The methodological and pedagogical concern subsequently compels a choice to be made among the most pertinent elements. But from an epistemological point of view, after 1945, the concepts of PE were dominated by marxist-oriented categories generating preconceived ideas introduced by contemporary research carried out with unrelenting exegesis. For logical and empirical reasons, PE has now become sports oriented. But the grand explanatory theories of the sports phenomenon, today dominated by irrational theories valorizing social causality, affirm that sports are based on illusory adhesions. However, cognitive-oriented sociology demonstrates that, like PE, sports are based on a contextual rationale. PE is therefore founded on a network of “good reasons” confronted with reality and which cannot pretend to exist without any relationship to human dignity
Mboumba, Alix. "Échec ou réussite et contenus d'enseignement en français et histoire-géographie dans les lycées au Gabon : adaptation ou inadaptation ? : contribution à une sociologie du curriculum au Gabon." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0014.
Full textEuriat, Nicolas. "Transformation de l'enseignement professionnel et rapport au savoir des enseignants : enjeux autour des projets pluridisciplinaires à Caractère Professionnel." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21024/document.
Full textThis thesis is an attempt to shed light on the stakes revealed by the introduction of a specific innovative teaching method, which has played a key role in the evolution of the teaching practices in French technical schools (vocational education in secondary schools). Since the 2000 school year, within the framework of the reform specific to the Integrated Vocational Educational programme, multi-disciplinary projects based upon professional objectives have been introduced as a nationwide practice in vocational education. It seems to be obvious that this research work goes beyond the simple study of these projects and deal with further questioning. Thus, the objective of the present work is to mobilise an approach in terms of knowledge-based relation within the study of the transformations specific to educational system by considering a particular public, that of teachers. More precisely this thesis will examine to which extent the teachers’ knowledge-based relation is a crucial element into the implementation of a particular reform aimed at transforming educational programmes in technical schools. The theoretical and disciplinary framework of this thesis is mainly based on that of the Sociology of Education, but it will naturally use some elements from that of the Sociology as well as that of the Sciences of Education
Demba, Jean Jacques. "La face subjective de l'échec scolaire : récits d'élèves gabonais du secondaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27445/27445.pdf.
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