Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie politique – Chine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sociologie politique – Chine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rhee, Yang-Ho. "La Participation des intellectuels au développement politico-économique en Chine : 1978-1985." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010284.
Full textSince the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the Chinese communist party held in 1978, the relations between the state and the intellectuals have changed. The state legitimized the intellectuals' role, the intellectual libery and their economic interests. Moreover, the state encouraged their participation in the political and economic institutions. Nevertheless, the reform-minded intellectuals asked for more liberty, political, and economic reform. The state is confronted with the claim of the intellectuals for the democratization of the political system
Zu, Quanbi. "La question du logement dans la ville chinoise au coeur des mutations urbaines : une sociologie des nouveaux modes d'habiter entre héritage et modernité : le cas de Pékin." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA083948.
Full textRelying on research experiments and theories from the Western American and Chinese urban sociology, the thesis contributes to the understanding of Chinese urban society current mutations through the observation of the housing question in Beijing viewed from the side of the homebuyers. Promoted by the reforms, the expansion and the privatization of the housing sector, this trend appears to meet the enthusiasm of households, more and more numerous to access these new private prosperity spaces. Looking for 'good life' and social distinction, accepting to drastically change their ways of life and move away from the Centre, the emerging middle classes participate actively, with more or less happy results, in the transformation of contemporary urban China. The investigation, both semantic (glossary), ethnographic (observation), visual (photos) is mainly supported by the in-situ narratives and, “tales of life” and conversations
Monteil, Lucas. "L'Espace des désirs : enquête sur la construction des homosexualités masculines en Chine post-maoïste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080030.
Full textOften thought of in terms of "identity" or "culture", "national" or "globalized", the homosexual question in China is primarily dependent on a singular story: that of the meanings attributed to male same-sex love and sex in general during the Chinese modernization, marked successively by the modernizing nationalism (1911-1949), the Maoist revolution (1949-1976) and the post-Maoist reforms of the economy (from 1978). At first largely "erased" from public space, the forms and representations of homoerotic life have benefited from new opportunities for expression in the context of economic liberalization and openness to international trade. This six-year survey, from 2009 to 2015, in three mainland Chinese cities - Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu - questions the common and learned association of homosexuality in China with supposedly modern-day young people from the new middle and globalized classes. It highlights the existence of distinct configurations of male homosexuality in post-Maoist China, whose socio-cultural forms differ according to their position, more or less central or peripheral, in a space at the same time social, geographical, symbolic and trans / national in rapid transformation. The thesis shows more broadly how all articulated dimensions of what can be called an erotic taste - how, what, and who we love, what does love mean, how do we learn it? - and where this comes from... - develop and articulate differently in this Chinese space of homosexuality, consubstantially with the processes characterizing China's reforms and opening.The historically and socially situated forms of socialization to homosexuality, which vary in particular from the respective importance of interpersonal encounters and emerging cultural scenarios of homosexuality, provide information on the transformations at work in the field of public discourse, marked by partial political liberalization and socially unequal circulation. The prevalence and banality of economic-sexual exchanges within the peripheral configurations, in contrast with the strong stigmatization of prostitution in the central universes, illustrates the effect on the erotic life of the profound upheaval of the conditions of production and the social structure. Chinese, characterized in particular by the development of internal migration. Other differences relating to the ideal bodily types structure the space of homosexualities in presence, the preponderance of "old-young love" (laoshaolian) in peripheral universes, cutting in particular with the hegemonic character of a homogamy of age in the center, informing differentiated evolution of the forms of primary socialization according to class and generation. The observation of differential relationships to the heterosexual marriage between the central and peripheral homoerotic worlds enlightens the transformations of the marital institution and sexual norms in the post-Maoist period, marked by the emergence of a norm of romantic marriage and of genuine love, particularly pregnant among the youth of the middle classes. The transnational circulation of sexual categories in China is finally grasped in terms of their differentiated reception and the logics of their appropriation and circulation within the space of homosexuality and the national space that determines it. The investigation leads here to a reversal of the investigation, of the contextualization of the sex to the lighting of the context, which returns, rather than to seek the traits of the cultures "Chinese" or "globalized" in Chinese
Frazier, Mark W. "The making of the Chinese industrial workplace : state, revolution, and labor management /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389557602.
Full textMiège, Pierre. "Les évolutions de la danwei dans la Chine des réformes : une analyse des changements de la société urbaine (1978-2004)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0028.
Full textBased on a new approach of the concept of the work unit (in Chinese danwei), this thesis analyses the evolutions of Chinese urban society between 1978 and 2004. The danwei can better be understood as the result of the prescription of various practices and actions of the Party-State on a single place - the work place. Economic reforms have not weakened but instead reinforced the danwei. It is only in the second half of the 1990s that economic and social pressures have forced the authorities to dismantle the work unit, and to experiment new forms of social engineering. The heritage of the danwei is highlighted, as the Party-State tries to lean on new stable local communities, the shequ, to maintain its capacity to control, regulate and organiza urban society. This thesis studies Chinese urban society through these various reconfigurations of the danwei
Amar, Nathanel. "Scream for Life : usages politiques de la culture en Chine : échanges et résistance au sein de communautés alternatives : le cas des punks et des cinéastes indépendants." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0037.
Full textHis thesis offers a study of the emergence of counter-culture in the People’s Republic of China through the lens of political contestation, with the help of cultural productions and a fieldwork carried on in several Chinese cities from 2012 to 2015. Two counter-cultural communities have been studied in this thesis, the punks and the independent filmmakers. This choice allows us to reveal similar logics within these two communities about their relationship to politics and to the spaces they have been able to create in order to produce and release their works, in a State which still tightly controls cultural expression. Chinese counter-culture must first be put back into the context of the management, by the Communist Party, of all forms of cultural expression, from Qu Qiubai’s theories to Mao Zedong’s Talks about literature and art. Punks and independent filmmakers thus place themselves into the history of artists and intellectuals’ resistance against the control by Chinese authorities of the cultural field. They find new tools in order to express their disagreements, through the minor appropriation of available techniques. The thesis proposes to study this two forms of counter-culture through the effects they produce on the actors themselves, through the new forms of subjectivity they create, but also through the search of autonomous spaces, which embodies the struggle against the Chinese Communist Party’s monopoly of public space. The analysis will also address the counter-cultural expression as a kind of speech of truth (parrhesia), in a society where, according to Liu Xiaobo, “to refuse lies is precisely the most effective way to undermine tyranny”
Sun, Jiawen. "Corps et politique dans la Chine contemporaine : sociologie de la souffrance parmi les anciens jeunes instruits envoyés dans les fermes militaires pendant la Révolution culturelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0164.
Full textIn this thesis, we select the educated youth (zhiqing) who have been sent to the military farms (Bingtuan) during the Cultural Revolution as our objet of research. Through the analysis of their oral history, we examine the difficulties and the traumas those educated youth have encountered in their life-course from the perspective of sociology of the body and medical anthropology, with the aim of finding out the social and political origins of the suffering endured by this “lost generation”. Firstly, by applying the oral history research and the life-course approach, we comprehensively present the various sufferings encountered by different groups of educated youth. Concerning the genre of suffering, we explore their physical pain and mental trauma. In terms of the diachronic nature of suffering, we interrogate the injuries that have occurred in the past and the psychological or physical traumas that have had lasting effects over the years. Secondly, within the theoretical framework of the sociology of value, we analyze the value crisis, the deprivation and the reconstruction of values experienced by the generation of educated youth. We point out that the multiple deprivations of value suffered by the zhiqing during the process of social change have been exactly the social origin of their sense of “being lost”. In addition, the collective narratives of the educated youths about their physical pain actually reflect their hope that society and the authorities would recognize their sacrifices. Thirdly, from a historical perspective, we explain the particular concepts of body politics that the generation of educated youth, generally regarded as the “Maoist New Men”, has been inculcated. We examine the nationalization, the revolutionization and the collectivization of the Chinese body in the social context of national salvation since the end of the Qing dynasty. We propose that the radicalization of the “Maoist New Men” is not the result of contingency, but of deep historical, social and political reasons. Finally, we explore the possibility of saving the historical truth from the structural amnesia. Our ambition is to write the history of the Maoist era in a broader historical and social context, and to integrate the suffering of the Chinese during this era with the universal human suffering, so that similar tragedies would never happen again
Duso-Bauduin, Stephen. "L'aigle et le qilin : sociologie des représentations stratégiques américaines de la Chine à partir de la guerre du Golfe et sous les mandats de Clinton." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0028.
Full textThis PhD dissertation studies the american strategic representations of China, starting with the first missionaries and tradesmen in China in the 19th century, then reaching its climax with the Nixon-Kissinger years. It focuses on the dynamic of strategic representations of China during the two Clinton terms, analysing the shift from the concepts of China as "strategic partner" and "friend" to the concepts of "peer competitor" and "strategic competitor". The nucleus of this research is the in-depth study of the institutions and pressure groups shaping the dominant strategic representations of China in the United States. The actors shaping American policies towards China range from political actors to various economic interest groups and conflicting social forces. This dissertation unveils the prevailing economic interests but also dwells on secondary actors like the human right NGOs, the paranoid strategists spreading the "yellow peril" image, and the chinese-americans who build a schizophrenic representation of China. Finally, the PhD develops the "soft power" theory, studying the role of American fiction in making or spreading strategic images of China
Dreyfuss, Julien. "Le développement du système gérontologique chinois : étude sur l'arrondissement de Changping de la municipalité de Beijing." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0096.
Full textPopulation ageing and social changes, due to urbanization and modernization of China, lead to a pressing need of services and facilities for the elderly. The government must address this situation by developing an elder care system answering the needs of the country. Late government involvement leads to the need for major reforms, and the establishment of a legislative framework to redirect the development that took the already existing elder care system, in order to put it in line with the needs of the population.This thesis has been set up in parallel with the launch of ambitious political goals for an overhaul of the Chinese elder care system. This has led to a need to emphasize fieldwork research. The main fieldwork study is on the Changping district of Beijing Municipality. It analyzes how policymakers take decisions regarding the development of services and facilities for the elderly, through a research project on this theme, realized by a team of researchers working for the government, team in which I was integrated. This allows me to study the relationship of the local government with researchers, with the directors of senior care institutions, and with the municipal government. Through this approach, I aim to reveal the decision making process regarding the development of the elder care system, and explain what phenomena disrupt the setup of functional solutions, however well identified by the central government
Tan, Eng Bok Georges. "Formation de l'Etat, culture stratégique, et politique militaire : analyse comparative URSS/Chine des permanences et des changements." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100058.
Full textBased on cultural characteristics and geostrategic legacies specific to the USSR and people's Republic of China, this dissertation examines: 1) the role of the military in building the State, 2) the influence of traditional strategic culture in nuclear era, and 3) the ability to meet the American cultural and technological challenge in military policy. Its main finding refers to a conceptual, non-strategic, interpretation of possible causes to the collapse, without fight, of the soviet system
Lichaa, Flora. "Le documentaire en Chine (1905-2017) : entre autonomie artistique et enjeux politiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF024.
Full textThis thesis proposes to explore the political, aesthetic and ethical issues of documentary in China. Based on a historical research from the birth of Chinese cinema in 1905 to the end of the Maoist era in 1976, I show that documentary was progressively subjected to politics, supporting the construction of a modern nation. Thus, aesthetics could not free itself from politics before the reform of the economic system in the 1980s. From that period onwards, I analyze the strategies adopted by filmmakers to free themselves from their ideological straitjacket, based on field surveys and film analyzes. While television has first enabled the re-evaluation of documentary to promote its diffusion, I show that the strengthening of censorship, following the student protests of 1989, has encouraged some documentary filmmakers to create production and diffusion channels independent from the audiovisual sector. The analysis of this network's organization mode reveals the mechanisms of professional recognition, that lead the filmmakers to develop their activities in the Chinese private sector, while seeking to exist on the international scene. This structural autonomy allows them to develop an ethics aimed at guaranteeing their proximity with the people filmed, who usually belong to the lower classes. However, the interference of the Chinese authorities only allows their films to be shown in festivals which have low visibility in the public space. As they are part of a marginalized space, frequented mainly by artists and intellectuals, their egalitarian aim is hampered by the impossibility of reconnecting with the Chinese audience. This paradox suggests the difficulty of establishing a constructive dialogue between documentary filmmakers and the audience, as long as the Chinese State does not allow the formation of a public sphere, functioning independently of political institutions, bringing together filmmakers, critics and audience members into a concrete community
Vidal, Claire. "Putuoshan, l’île (de) Guanyin : les facettes sociologiques d’un pèlerinage dans la Chine contemporaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100032.
Full textPutuoshan Island (Zhoushan archipelago, Zhejiang) welcomes every year thousands of travelers coming from all over Asia to worship Guanyin, the Bodhisattva of Compassion, and to express their wishes to be blessed, to receive miraculous responses and to see divine manifestations. Well known as a major Buddhist site since the tenth century, Putuoshan is by now the focus of many development projects, initiated at the end of the Cultural Revolution, that aim to transform the landscapes and to change the pilgrimage’s practices. These changes have reconfigured the local religious field that includes a plurality of actors each of them having their own goals and strategies. The monastic communities seek to increase the influence of the site; a goal that is shared by the political authorities, that encourage also the touristic initiatives taken by private companies, and by administrations in charge of cultural affairs. Of course, by the while, they mean to control the temples’ activities, as they do everywhere in China. Many different people project their own visions of the place onto Putuoshan, this insular microcosm, the island of Guanyin. They shape them by listening to the mythological narratives and discourses relayed by Buddhist media, as well as by reading the tourist literature that make the site become a place both in and out of the world. With their knowledge of Buddhist practices, they invent their own pilgrimage and their own relationship to Guanyin, whose presence is sometimes suggested, sometimes showed to them, or even staged through various theatrical sets. So that going to the island of Guanyin is properly to ”experience” Guanyin, this multifaceted bodhisattva able to take any existing form and performing miracles and marvels. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork research and on the analysis of local publications, this thesis means to analyze from an anthropological perspective, the various religious, economic, political and social aspects, that shape the site and its pilgrimage
Li, You Mei. "Industrialisation rurale et mutation économique en Chine : analyse sociologique du fonctionnement de deux usines chinoises et de leur environnement politique et social." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0022.
Full textZhong, Zhun. "Ideational Divergences between European Union and China: Cases of International Interventions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221693.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Henrion-Dourcy, Isabelle. "Ache Lhamo : Jeux et enjeux d'une tradition théâtrale tibétaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211111.
Full textLa méthodologie a été composée en combinant les apports et réflexions critiques de trois disciplines :l'ethnologie, la tibétologie et les études théâtrales. L'approche est fondamentalement ethnologique, en ce que la production des données repose sur une immersion de plus de deux ans parmi des acteurs de théâtre de la Région Autonome du Tibet (1996-1998) et de près d'un an parmi ceux de la diaspora d'Asie du Sud (1998-2000). Elle l’est aussi en ce que l’intention a été de constituer une intelligibilité englobante pour l'ache lhamo, c'est-à-dire de mettre au jour l'intrication des dimensions culturelle, sociale, politique, économique, rituelle et symbolique de la pratique théâtrale. L’une des contributions principales du travail est d’étoffer l’ethnologie régionale du Tibet central, mais ses conclusions et son esprit critique le placent également dans la liste déjà importante des travaux consacrés à l'invention des traditions. La tibétologie a fourni le cadre interprétatif fondamental des données recueillies. Une importance très grande a été accordée à l'histoire du pays ainsi qu'à la philologie et aux terminologies vernaculaires particulières au théâtre. L’étude s’inscrit dans l’un des courants novateurs de la tibétologie, privilégiant les aspects non plus religieux et politiques de cette civilisation, mais sa partie « populaire » et anthropologique, mettant au premier plan l’analyse des pratiques et non celle des doctrines. Des sources écrites (textes pré-modernes et sources secondaires de folkloristes tibétains et chinois) ont été intégrées aux observations. En ce qui concerne la troisième approche méthodologique, cette étude ne s'inscrit ni dans le courant des « performance studies » de Richard Schechner, ni dans l'anthropologie théâtrale d’Eugenio Barba, ni dans l'ethnoscénologie telle qu'elle est défendue par Jean-Marie Pradier, mais plutôt dans l'anthropologie du théâtre, au sens d'étude interprétative et multidimensionnelle, utilisant les référents établis de l'anthropologie et les savoirs indigènes pour décrire une expression culturelle déterminée et reconnue comme un genre à part entière, le théâtre.
Les résultats sont présentés en trois parties, qui peuvent être résumées de manière lapidaire par trois adjectifs :culturelle, sociologique, artistique. La première partie, intitulée "Le cadre culturel du lhamo avant 1959", est consacrée au contexte (historique, religieux et littéraire) dans lequel le théâtre est inscrit, ainsi qu’aux textes (leur contenu, leurs modalités de composition et de transmission) qui révèlent l'imaginaire propre du théâtre. La deuxième partie est une analyse de "L'ancrage sociologique du lhamo". Les conditions matérielles des représentations y sont examinées :les divers types de troupes, leur organisation interne, le statut social des acteurs, l'inscription de la pratique du théâtre dans le système socio-économique pré-moderne, et les rapports d'obligations tissés entre acteurs et seigneurs, ainsi qu'entre acteurs et commanditaires des représentations. La dernière partie, "Art et savoirs des acteurs", jette un éclairage sur la matière vive du lhamo. Elle rend compte des conceptions, valeurs, plaisirs et difficultés de ceux qui pratiquent cette forme d'art. Les divers registres de leur discipline sont analysés en détail :costumes, masques, gestuelle, chant, accompagnement musical (percussions) et sentiments exprimés. L'appréciation qui en est faite par le public est aussi consignée. Au cœur de cette partie se trouve une réflexion sur la nature rituelle et non rituelle du lhamo, et sur les liens éventuels de ce dernier avec d'autres activités religieuses, telles la possession. Les dernières pages de la thèse constituent un épilogue, qui fait le point sur la situation contemporaine, donc les implications politiques, du théâtre des deux côtés de l'Himalaya.
L'image anthropologique du lhamo qui a pu être dégagée de ces trois volets d'analyse le fait apparaître comme essentiellement ambivalent :le lhamo est un théâtre de paradoxes. À l'image de la civilisation tibétaine, il est composite et cohérent à la fois. Sa cohérence réside dans son ambivalence :il traverse et relie des aspects contrastés de la culture. Il introduit du jeu entre les polarités que Tibétains et tibétologues établissent parfois un peu trop à la hâte entre culture savante et culture populaire, écriture et oralité, éléments exogènes et apports autochtones, bouddhisme et cultes qui ont précédé son implantation, aspiration religieuse et intérêts mondains, spécialistes rituels et bénéficiaires qui les rémunèrent. Combinant fonction pédagogique et fonction rituelle, sacré compassé du texte et irrévérence grivoise des improvisations, le lhamo correspond aussi très bien à la manière dont les théâtrologues appréhendent le théâtre :comme un objet curieux, créé par les hommes et qui pourtant ne cesse de les intriguer, comme s'il était venu d'ailleurs.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grimaldi, toro Daniel. "La transformation de la gauche socialiste en Espagne et au Chili : pour une sociologie historique comparative et relationnelle de la "rénovation" des socialismes." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0016.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis on political studies analyses the evolution of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) and the Chilean Socialist Party (PSCH) since their origins, by following their trajectories throughout their processes of consolidation, radicalization, breakdown and rénovation during the dictatorships of Francisco Franco and Augusto Pinochet. From a comparative perspective, the work reveals the connections between these political parties by taking into account their ideological and strategic transformations, as well as their mutual influences. Despite being different types of socialism, such connections lead these parties to common new strategies by establishing alliances and mutual influences in order to overcome dictatorships. The relationship between the transformation of PSOE and the PSCH shows a convergence of these political parties in a new form of "democratic socialism" within the Socialist International. Our thesis explains the existence of an Ibero-American socio-political space formed by a set of relations between Spanish and Chilean political leaders, through the circulation of ideas, knowledge and their own understandings, which determine the boundaries of what socialism means within each country
Jing, Liyan. "L'institutionnalisation de la politique culturelle extérieure en Chine et en France : les rôles de l'Institut Confucius et de l'Alliance Française." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/JING_Liyan_2019_ED519.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation aims to explain a policy : how the Chinese and French States employ institutions to develop their foreign cultural policy in the context of globalization. Based on a comparison between China and France, this study has examined the institutionalization of their foreign cultural policy with an analytical framework which integrates three approaches (historical neo-institutionalism, public sociology, and analysis of policy transfer). Firstly, it illustrates how the institutions and specific mode of interference have emerged in China and in France during several centuries by using a socio-historical and neo-institutionalism perspective. It then locates the dynamics of cultural institutions of two countries in the context of contemporary transformations of the State and of the public policy. Therefore, it focuses on the relationship of State to culture and to these institutions, by employing the analytical categories of reengineering State sociology. When it has showed how the cultural institutions take their roots in an historical tradition as well as in a path dependence, this study illustrates that the internal change of the State cultural interventions also impact upon the modalities of international exportation of cultural policy. The theory of policy transfer can help to understand the international diffusion of cultural policy through the role of Confucius Institute and French Alliance, when those cultural institutions are considered as the driver of institutional transfer. Thus, this dissertation demonstrates that the development of a foreign cultural policy should be understand as a dynamic process of co-construction between the State and its institutions, through the interactions of a large range of actors who are subjected to a form of centralized government in the two countries. However, despite their similarities, the mechanisms for regulating cultural policy are different not only in terms of historical trajectories, but also in irreducible visions of cultural policy, as well as according to the different internationalization strategies in a context of globalization
Zhang, Kai. "Droit au délogement et protection du patrimoine : Xiangyuan Lu et Gujia Lu, deux projets de rénovation dans la Vieille Ville de Shanghai (2003 - 2009)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582975.
Full textArantes, Virginie. "From the Avoidable to the Desirable: the Chinese Communist Party "Green" Authoritarian Strategy. Shanghai as Case Study." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304319.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Garcia, Yvette Marcela. "Les femmes de l'exil chilien : de l'Unité populaire vers la terre d'asile : une analyse en termes de rapports sociaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG030/document.
Full textThe Chilean exile stemmed from two major episodes: the Popular Unity (1970-1973), as a founding experience, and the repression orchestrated by the military dictatorship (1973-1989). The political aspects of this exile have been extensively addressed with the figure of the refugee generally perceived as masculine-neutral. Consequently, the involvement of Chilean women in collective action, their entry into the labour market or their participation in the migratory process are often ignored.The Chilean women in exile went through experiences specific to their gender. However, these experiences differed depending on their various social affiliations. This doctoral work endeavours to analyse these women’s familial, professional, and militant paths from their situation in Chile to their arrival in France, expounding both the subjective level of their personal experiences and perceptions and the objective level of the context and various social relations at play. This work focuses specifically on structuring social relations (social class, age, gender, and race) as well as the varying strategies and resources employed by women
Montupil, Inaipil Fernando. "Evolutions des pratiques de G.R.H. des rôles des D.R.H. et des modèles de management dans des entreprises de télécommunications belges et chiliennes dans un contexte de changement: analyse comparative." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210950.
Full textThis thesis describes, analyses and compares changes in the practice of human resource management (HRM), the roles of human resource departments (HRD) and management models in companies in Belgium, France (partially) and Chile by highlighting the similarities and differences. This is therefore an international comparative study.
The study is carried out using a contextualist analytical approach.
It answers the question: what are the changes in HRM practice, the roles of HRD and the management models in social organisations in different contexts?
It uses theoretical models (“typical ideals”) to analyse reality, while drawing from writers such as Mintzberg, Pichault and Nizet, Crozier, Crouch, Ulrich, Pettigrew. With regard to management, the study resorts to classical, instrumental and political models. As regards human resource management (HRM), it is based on objective, conventionalist and individualised models. In the human resource department (HRD), the models are those of administrative officer, operational expert and strategic partner.
The changes do not only result from a decision-making process dictated mechanically by contextual factors but more particularly from complex interaction and the balance of power among the actors concerned who use the contextual elements to advance their own interests.
Amongst the most relevant developments which bear similar characteristics, one can cite:
1.- a significant increase in the use of management methods specific to the instrumental or “Californian” model,
2.- more extensive use of individual competencies in HRM practices, and
3.- a significant reduction in the size of the HRD and, notably, in the profile of administrative officer of the HRD.
As regards the differences found in the various contexts, one can highlight the fact that:
1.- In the Belgian and French models, the dominant managerial model remains political management. On the other hand, in the Chilean model, the Californian management model has become clearly dominant.
2.- In Belgium and France, the dominant HRM practices are those of the conventionalist model. On the other hand, in Chile, the dominant HRM practices are those of the individualised model.
3.- The evolution of the roles of HRD, in the Belgian model, has been practically non-existent or appeared later since the dominant role has remained that of the administrative officer (AO). On the other hand, in the Chilean model, the dominant role has become that of operational expert (OE). The role of strategic partner (SP) which was so recommended and desired by managers has been long in developing.
The professional relations model and the political system constitute one of the most important factors which explains the differences noted. In Belgium, the neo-corporate and social-democrat model of professional relations at the national level (with a strong trade unionist movement) functions as a socio-economic regulatory mechanism reflecting the forces and the agreements between social partners. In Chile, there exists neither social dialogue nor equivalent institutionalisation at the national level; what prevails here is the confrontational Latin model (with a weak trade unionist movement).
Similarly, in Belgium social legislation is more comprehensive, regulating the market more and protecting people’s interests. Furthermore, it offers greater social security coverage via, in addition, vast public expenditure by the State. In Chile on the other hand, social legislation is more incomplete and more flexible, favouring rather discretionary decisions by managers and allowing the interplay of market forces to regulate the labour market. The right to strike, the allocation of unemployment benefits, the procedures for hiring and firing, etc. testify to these differences.
The characteristics of the “hybrid” Belgo-Latin culture based on the traditional negotiation model increasingly influence, for example, the development of a political management model and conventionalist HRM practices, team work or coaching, etc. On the other hand, the characteristics of Chilean Latin culture, where authoritarianism and paternalism are still very present, stimulate a more classical management model and objective HRM practices.
The differences between the developments are evident. The social aspects (social security, education, workers’ rights, etc.) are better guaranteed in the Belgian model and the productivist logic stronger and damaging in the Chilean model. As long as the actors involved remain as they are, with their ideological, political and cultural particularities and their specific strengths, these models will remain different.
Cette thèse décrit, analyse et compare les changements des pratiques de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), les rôles des directions des ressources humaines (DRH) et les modèles de management, dans des entreprises situées en Belgique, en France (partiellement) et au Chili, en relevant les similitudes et les différences. Il s’agit donc d’une recherche internationale comparative.
La recherche s’inscrit dans une approche d’analyse contextualiste.
Elle répond à la question :quels sont les changements des pratiques de GRH, des rôles des DRH et des modèles de management dans des organisations sociales situées dans des contextes différents ?
Elle utilise des modèles théoriques (des “ideaux types”) pour analyser la réalité, en s’inspirant des auteurs tels que Mintzberg, Pichault et Nizet, Crozier, Crouch, Ulrich, Pettigrew. Au niveau du management, l’étude a recourt aux modèles: classique, instrumental et politique. Au niveau de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), elle se base sur les modèles: objectivant, conventionnaliste et individualisant. Tandis qu’au niveau de la direction des ressources humaines (DRH), les modèles sont ceux d’agent administratif, d’expert opérationnel et de partenaire stratégique.
On constate que les changements ne résultent pas seulement d’un processus décisionnel dicté mécaniquement par les éléments du contexte mais surtout d’un jeu complexe d’interactions, d’un jeu de pouvoir des acteurs concernés, qui mobilisent les éléments du contexte pour faire prévaloir leurs intérêts.
Parmi les évolutions similaires les plus relevantes, on peut citer:
1.- l’accroissement important de l’usage des méthodes de management propres au modèle instrumental ou « californien » ;
2.- l’utilisation plus extensive des pratiques de GRH individualisantes et,
3.- la diminution importante de la taille de la DRH et, notamment, du profil d’agent administratif de la DRH.
Quant aux différences retrouvées dans ces contextes différents, on peut relever :
1.- Dans les cas belge et français le modèle managérial dominant reste le management politique. Par contre, dans le cas chilien, le modèle de management « californien » est devenu clairement dominant.
2.- Les pratiques dominantes de GRH, en Belgique et en France, restent celles du modèle conventionnaliste. Par contre, au Chili, les pratiques dominantes de GRH sont celles du modèle individualisant.
3.- L’évolution des rôles de la DRH, dans le cas belge, a été pratiquement nulle ou plus tardive puisque le rôle dominant est resté d’agent administratif (AA). Par contre, dans le cas chilien, le rôle dominant est devenu celui d’expert opérationnel (EO). Le rôle du partenaire stratégique (PS), tant prôné et souhaité par les managers, tarde lourdement à se développer.
Le modèle de relations professionnelles et le système politique, constituent un des facteurs parmi les plus importants qui expliquent les différences constatées. En Belgique, le modèle de relations professionnelles néo-corporatiste et social-démocrate au niveau national (avec un syndicalisme fort) fonctionne comme un mécanisme de régulation socio-économique reflétant les forces et les accords entre les partenaires sociaux. Tandis qu’au Chili, il n’existe ni de concertation sociale ni d’institutionnalisation équivalente au niveau national ;il prévaut ici le modèle confrontationnel et latin (avec un syndicalisme faible).
De même, tandis qu’en Belgique il existe une législation sociale plus complète régulant davantage le marché et protégeant les intérêts des personnes, en offrant une sécurité sociale plus large avec, en plus, une forte participation de l’Etat dans les dépenses publiques, au Chili la une législation sociale est plus incomplète et plus souple, favorisant davantage les décisions discrétionnaires des managers amenant principalement une régulation par le libre jeu du marché du travail. Le droit de grève, l’assignation de chômage, les procédures de licenciements ou d’embauche, etc. témoignent de ces différences.
Les traits de la culture latine « hybride » belge, traditionnellement négociatrice, influencent davantage, par exemple, le développement d’un modèle de management politique et des pratiques de GRH conventionnalistes, un travail en équipe ou le coaching, etc. Par contre, les traits de la culture latine chilienne, où l’autoritarisme et le paternalisme sont encore forts présents, stimulent un modèle de management plutôt classique et des pratiques de GRH objectivantes.
La différence des évolutions est évidente. Les aspects sociaux (sécurité sociale, éducation, droits des travailleurs, etc.) sont mieux garantis dans le cas belge et la logique productiviste est plus forte et nuisible dans le cas chilien. Tant que les acteurs indiqués demeurent, avec leurs particularités idéologiques, politiques, culturelles et leurs forces spécifiques, ces modèles resteront différents.
Doctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Shink, Anne-Marie. "Les auteurs de 4-Mai en Chine : construction d'une configuration." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18848.
Full textAt the dawn of the twentieth century, in China, a group of intellectuals and writers find themselves at the beginning of a new cultural and politic movement. Sinologists call them the “May-Fourth writers”. They have for goal to transform China, implement a form of modernity in using literature. From the rejection of Confucian tradition to the promotion of the Communist ideas, they seem to be in the middle of every social and political transformation that the country has experienced. The May Fourth era is a turning point in the history of China. It begins just after the fall of the last Qing emperor and ends just before the victory of the Chinese Communist Party, it is a time where the Chinese society was reorganized. The intellectuals were no exception, a new configuration is under construction. It is with the sociology of Norbert Elias that I will try to understand which configuration allow the development of both literature and politics in an interdependent relationship. The new configuration that characterizes the May Fourth writers is different than the one that characterize the Confucian mandarins of the Imperial age. The various elements who allow the May Fourth writers to pass to a configuration to another (new themes in literature, a way to be modern, political commitment) are also the elements that influence the political world, showing the interdependence between them.