Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie théorique'
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Hauksson, Johann M. "Du réalisme : contribution à l'étude théorique des relations internationales." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010284.
Full textSimard, Steve. "Sens de l'existence et société : recherche théorique et épistémologique sur le sens social de l'existence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27022/27022.pdf.
Full textDubois, Michel. "Le "relativisme de la chaire" : structure théorique du relativisme cognitif en sociologie de la connaissance scientifique et raisons de son succès." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040159.
Full textOur analysis of the relations between sociology of scientific knowledge and cognitive relativism has four goals: - identification, through the diversity of its empirical forms in classical sociology of knowledge, of the permanence of the “relativity principle” and dissociation of this principle from the doctrine of cognitive relativism. - critical study of the argumentative structure of cognitive relativism in contemporary sociology of scientific knowledge (Bloor, Collins, Latour. . . ) - elaboration of a sociological explanation of its success in sociology of scientific knowledge. - test our explanation by finding out whether it can help us to understand the diffusion of cognitive relativism outside of sociology. This work wants to contribute to the renovation of the sociology of scientific knowledge; a renovation inspire by the necessity of thinking both rationality and contextuality of cognitive phenomena
Fougy, Florian. "Economie et sociologie : quelles filiations théoriques ? Essais sur le cas de la théorie de l’action des années 1960 à nos jours." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0060/document.
Full textMotivated by the conviction that economics and sociology must combine, our research has two goals. It questions theoretical filiations (or conceptual migrations) between economics and sociology on the one hand ; and analyzes the characteristics of these theoretical filiations on the other hand. Even though the dialogue between economics and sociology has been improving since the1960s, we question whether theoretical filiations between both disciplines are possible ; as well as the nature of the characteristics ? Our research is based on a case study, the theory of action. More specifically, we discuss different objects of this vast theory: the rational choice theory, the field of économie des conventions and the concept of embeddedness. The study reveals that theoretical filiations between economics and sociology are possible, unsystematic and can be considered as « imperfect »
Masclef, Olivier. "Le rôle du don/contre-don dans l'émergence des organisations : modèle théorique et études de cas comparées." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33027.
Full textThere is a conception widely used in management: the newtonian conception of reversible time, in which time is perceived in a linear manner. Within such a perspective, the question of organization emergence is not a problem, because the past and the present provide us enough elements for deciding. However, if we adopt a realistic conception of time, i. E. An irreversible conception, then the question of emergence poses a real problem. Reasoning in irreversible time amounts to introducing the indeterminate nature of the future. This research puts forward a theory of the emergence of organizations that incorporates the irreversible nature of time: the gift theory developed by Mauss. This theory presents the emergence of the organization as a gifts process driven by the individual who is actually obliged to commit himself by giving resources to the various protagonists in order to make the organization emerge
Sidorcenco, Dalia. "La réforme des écoles d'art françaises : une approche théorique à la frontière de la sociologie des organisations et la socio-économie de la culture." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB193.
Full textIn 2011, following an accelerated reformation movement led by the network of French art schools, they joined the European area of higher education, getting out of the ''regime of singularity '', which distinguished them from the university system. This adherence note the accomplishment of a series of measures, whose implementation was intended to affect two distinct dimensions, constituting the reality of art schools: -the academic dimension, including the ''upgrading'' of curricula and restructuring the pedagogical organization, which allowed to accredit the awarded degree with a recognized diploma; -the administrative dimension, which through the transformation of municipal art schools into Public Cultural Cooperation Establishment (EPCC) aimed to start the empowerment process of local authorities. The aim of this research was to perceive the new issues regarding the art schools, one of them being the factors that stimulated the ''upgrading'' of the art schools condition. The other issue examined the governance tools that made possible and effective the deployment of autonomy decreed
Zacarias-Castillo, Armando. "L'information comme facteur théorique de la construction de la réalité : le cas mexicain : la fabrication des nouvelles, une analyse d'un point de vue épistémologique." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082137.
Full textThroughout history, societies have organized ways of looking at the world that have produced what in different cases comes to be called reality. This is a long process of social construction characterized by the intervention of different actors with different specialized knowledge which manage to establish the bases for coherent observations of reality, starting from different perspectives belonging to distinct points of view, as in the case of the press. The mechanisms of reality construction, which form part of the way in which reality is converted into a concept which helps us make value judgements, are themselves products of organized structures of thinking. In the process of the production of social meaning, the press, particularly the print media, has played an important role in the means whereby it has itself become one of the most efficient creators of social effects. Thanks to this instrument, the importance of social communication has become fully recognized. The professionalization of the press as both an organ of expression and an industrial sector, has passed through different historical stages of organization in direct relation with political contexts, specifically those contexts in which societies have established their forms of political and social organization, which are in turn reflected in their means of expression. The press is a part of social organization insofar as it introduces means of relating to events which allow for an understanding of facts which are part of the immediate interests of readers. The central focus of this project is the Mexican situation. We examine the ways in which the history of the press has developed, as well as the history of the Mexican state, given that these histories have certain important points in common during the entire process of the formation of the contemporary Mexican state
Waṭfaẗ, ʿAlī. "L'inégalité sociale dans l'enseignement supérieur : des idées à l'approche théorique : l'Université de Caen comparée à la France." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN1041.
Full textNour, Ayeh Moustapha. "Production et dysfonctionnement de l'espace urbain de Djibouti : une approche théorique et méthodologique au service de l'aménagement." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1006.
Full textThe city is a system said Beaujeu-Garnier. If this assertion is now a form of tautology because the systemic approach is generalized in geographical science, but in its evolution, any system becomes more and more complex. For the city of Djibouti, the complexity is in its infancy. We can see it in the urban structure and geometric tools can help us. The fractal geometry (invented and popularized by Mandelbrot) confirms an idea purely intuitive use of space requires many resources. Correlation is evident between fractal dimension and quality of neighborhoods. On a larger scale, this is the configuration of districts and configuration of the network that are questioned by law constructal. On the other hand, the human dimension is studied with the memetic theory. If, in line memetic, urban production is primarily a mental production, studying the city returned to work the ideas of the inhabitants. So the thesis is shaped as a dialogue between the object of study (the city of Djibouti) and theoretical tools. We’ll make a good diagnosis of the current state of the city and a second time we’ll sketch some ideas for urban development
Berkane, Abdelaziz. "Comportements d'agents, interaction sociale et processus économiques : le cas de la tradition théorique autrichienne." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167306.
Full textRomijn, François. "S’exposer en inquiétude. Le sujet fait et défait avec les médiations nouvelles sur sa santé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268731.
Full textThis work originates in the observation that individuals are more than ever before involved in contexts where new knowledge about their biological life – produced by the technological and scientific progresses – are directly accessible to them (about their bodies, neurons, genes). Within easy reach, an ever-growing number of objectifying signs and data related to the biological self puts the individuals to test. They are confronted to inquietudes they have to cope with. We are investigating this societal phenomenon in a manner that the very diverse movements allowing the individual to integrate these data can be precised. Building on an anthropological problematic questioning how human beings find arrangements with situations in which they are not only confronted to others but also with objectifying data related to their biological life, the research focuses on the dynamics of individual users integrating the findings made while using three different health-related mediations (the classic medical examination, health-related information on the Internet, health-related direct-to- consumer genomic tests). We adopt a set of complementary sociological tools based on a plural conception of the subject; which do not limit the analysis of the action ‘taking place’ in a situation as guided only by a strategic or a managerial assumption.Through a pragmatic approach of the uneasiness exposed, we shed light on insightful dynamics irreducible to the often expected autonomy of an individual taking decisions informed by a shared knowledge required to participate to public debates. A careful analysis of the subject’s action highlights dynamics that have received little attention with regards to ‘what is worth in a given situation’. Moving from a fieldwork to another, we did not focus on the action’s heterogeneity as much as the way the individual brings together different positions that s/he can hold in order to arrange with these discoveries related to one’s biology. On the three sites investigated, the examination of the subject’s consistence draws the analysis toward the composite nature of the action. Rather than considering the equivocal features and sometimes the outright ambiguity of the conducts as a failure of the analysis, our research effort contributes achieving a better understanding of the pervasiveness of composition in our relationship to our self and the others in the social context related to biology.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tinat, Karine. "Identité et culture d'un groupe juvénile urbain : les pijos de Madrid : ouverture théorique et approche de terrain." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL027.
Full textAfter four decades of pro-Franco dictatorship, Spain experienced a real rebirth of cultural and urban styles during the 80s. These styles were connected to an explosive and festive movement : La Movida. This last reached its end 10 years ago. Nevertheless, nowadays a few youth urban groups can be pointed out in Spanish society. This study considers one of these called " the pijos ". This pejorative appellation which can be translated as " preppies " leads to stereotypes and caricatures. According to the media, the main values of these young people are centered on brands, leisure activities and luxury goods. From semiotic and anthropological points of view, and from questionnaires and participant observation, the study analyses the social identity construction of the pijos in Madrid, life style process in the urban space. Among other places, it explores cafeterias, law faculties, night clubs in order to describe this group's cultural reality through rituals, codes, esthetic behaviors
Gianfaldoni, Patrick. "Paradigme d'organisation de la production de masse et changement de trajectoire : processus d'apprentissage et firme-réseau : recherche théorique établie à partir d'investigations analytiques sur la longue période dans l'industrie automobile." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24012.
Full textOur thesis subject is based on the determination and the dynamic of firms organization forms concerning a mature industry : the automobile industry. The bias of a complex conception of the organization requires an explicative theory elaboration concerning the organizational evolution of long period trends. The problematic structure proves to be explicitly normative because it links up three metaconcepts: - the organization paradigm of the mass production , defined in substance as a unifying principle ; - the organization generic trajectory, defined in substance as one of the possible exploration paths of the paradigm ; - the organization model, defined in substance as a reference system for "schemata-types of problems-types solution". We want to demonstrate : - the world motor-car industry experiences a change of trajectory in the contemporary period. This one is more similar to the formation of an evolving trajectory than to the substitution from one trajectory to another one ; - this change of trajectory requires a radical and total restructuring of the firms organisation at the junction of the two canonical models (American and Japanese) ; - the organisational learning is the keystone of the change of trajectory ; - but in the same time, the organisational learning is in the heart of a new structure of competencies organisation : the firm-network
Badoi, Delia Georgiana. "La sociologie publique : pertinence et réflexivité de la connaissance sociologique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0100.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to analyze the sociology as public science and its development in ,comparative approach, in the United States, France and Romania. The main objective is bexplore the concept of "public sociology" and the critics of sociological knowledge in the context of contemporary knowledge society. Despite many cultural connotations of the "circulation of ideas" which change the interpretations of "public sociology" (Burawoy, 2004), the analysis of the thesis focus on several epistemological controversies about the relevance and reflexivity of sociological knowledge. The analysis starts from the theoretical line of American critics sociology and from the social theories of French sociology of the 1960s, Then, the study of the thesis is at the crossroads of theoretical models used by the sociology of ideas, sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of science. The main goal was to develop a critical an empirical analysis on the role of new configurations of knowledge and on the interpretation given to two questions: Sociology for whom?; Sociology for what? The thesis is divided in three sections: Understanding the concept of public sociology by a division of labor in America sociology; Analyze the epistemological alternatives of public sociology in France; Study the social and political utility of the scientific production of the Romanian sociology and starting from an ethnographic study, to develop a new division of sociological labor in Romania
Darmon, Olivier-Frédéric. "Eléments pour une meilleure compréhension du processus de formation de l'image du transport collectif urbain. Recherche théorique et application au cas de la région parisienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529421.
Full textGuzman, ortiz Sara Maria. "Constuction Sociale des Technologies : participation des acteurs locaux et développement sociotechnique : proposition théorique et méthodologique : analyse du cas Computadores para Educar en Colombie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH031/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the delimitation and analysis of use and appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT’s) in educational contexts especially in developing countries where exists problematic orientations about social development policy based in the use of these technologies. These problematic approach arise because there is a tendency to apply deterministic formulas that reinforce the linear relationship between development and technology.In this sense, the institutions responsible for policy decisions that require the establishment of mechanisms for government planning (prioritization of public expenditure) and investment, designs schools computerization programs based on this linear approach, characterized by a palliative direction and assistance, which eventually generate relationships of paternalism and dependency.In this context the research claims to develop a sociotechnical analysis proposal for technologies, both theoretical and methodological, to face the problem of the relationship between technology-education through the analysis of the case of the Colombian program Computadores para Educar (CPE).The present doctoral research suggests as a main objective, the study of the relationship between the actors involved into the processes of inclusion of computers in the public schools, by taking as basis of the analysis the state program CPE in Colombia. The principal interest of these research is to identify the new relationships between the uses of the technologies and the role of the teachers and the students in this new school in which the role of the technologies seems so essential and important, but whose results of the inclusion of the ICT’s into educational processes seem to be little significant.The central question of our search would be the following one: Which and how the relationships between the actors concerned by the process of introduction of computers within schools having received computers supplied by the program CPE in Colombia were stablished, during the period 2004-2008?
Hess, Franck. "Cadre de vie, santé et mobilité active : proposition d'une charpente théorique à visée opérationnelle : application au département du Bas-Rhin (France)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH012/document.
Full textPhysical activity is now encouraged to improve the populations health status. The modal shift from automobile to active modes is therefore a public health issue. But knowledge is still limited concerning the way to achieve this goal. In this thesis, we adopt a transdisciplinary approach based on geography and human and social sciences to build a theoretical framework to understand active mobility behaviors for an operational purpose. This framework was tested and operationalized using qualitative and quantitative methods and then applied to analyze mobility behaviors in the Bas-Rhin department (France). Based on these results, we appraised the influence of environmental factors on active mobility
Rubio, Vincent. "Pour une sociologie des foules : perspectives théoriques et contribution empirique." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H033.
Full textIs a sociology of crowds possible? Such is the question raised by this work. To provide elements of an answer one has to go all the way back in history of ideas in search of traces of the crowd. From Aristotle to the crowd psychology at the turn of the XIXth century to the political history of the XXth and XXIst centuries, it runs like a red thread. The crowd is sistematically apprehended as an "en-soi", as a disembodied abstraction. What the present study shows is that, like Gustave Le Bon's Psychologie des foules, the social sciences do not define the crowds according to this anthropomorphic metonymy. How then can one envisage undertaking a rigorous sociological study of crowd phenomena? The answer offered here consists in the hypothesis of the crowd's "pour-soi", which means giving up the theoretical concept ofthe objective existence and definition of crowd, to focuson its "individual expressions". Strange tough it may seem, this approach lead the way for a sociology of crowds. A sociology which emphasizes what the sociological tradition has named understanding. It is through in depth interviews, precede by a series of participant observations, that the "crowd thing" is constituted, revealing a reflection on contemporary urban space, focusing on the notions of "face to face" and "mutual exchange"
Lhomme, Serge. "Les réseaux techniques comme vecteur de propagation des risques en milieu urbain - Une contribution théorique et pratique à l'analyse de la résilience urbaine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772204.
Full textSitbon-Peillon, Brigitte. "La théorie du religieux chez Bergson : mysticisme, philosophie et sociologie." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010703.
Full textMalaina, Martin Alvaro. "Le paradigme de la complexité et la sociologie : possibilité et limites d'une sociologie complexe." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0098.
Full textThe main goal of this work is to study the relationship between the "paradigm of complexity" and sociology. We conclude that the conditions of possibility of a "complex sociology", according to a complex paradigm, are the same as the ones of the paradigm of complexity itself. We remark the current separation. And disjunction between rather epistemological approaches to complexity (the "worldviews" of authors such as Prigogine, von Foerster, Varela, Maturana, Atlan, Morin, Ibâfiez and Wilden) and rather methodological ones (the "agent-based models" of the "new science of complex adaptive systems"). According to Thomas S. Kuhn, a paradigm must include at the same time a "worldview" and "models of scientific realizations ": we observe therefore that the paradigm of complexity does not exist yet considering the separation between theoretical/epistemological and practical/methodological approaches to complexity, even if we can consider as well its possible future emergence, because the two paradigmatic sides already exist Finally, we notice the limits of this possible complex sociology, expressed by the current limits of the computational methodologies of the science of complex systems to catch in its fullness the purely anthropo-social complexity
Chaumier, Serge. "Tiers inclus-Tiers exclu : sociologie du rapport au tiers dans les récits théoriques et filmique sur l'amour." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30064.
Full textWithin the context of a sociology of knowledge, the thesis undertakes an anthropological reading of ideologies, idealised conceptions and social models contained within theoretical discourse and social representations of love, taken from stories. It aims to show how the structure of love and sexual identity is created using socio-emotional models. The thesis locates the mechanisms of exclusion of the third party within the ideals and practices of love. The "ideal-types" of emotional relationship are constructed by setting them within their historical context and by analysing their social cinematographic representations. The research is interested in demonstrating attempts to bypass that which is understood to be the norm of conjugality and in the sociological developments which have taken place, notably, in the sphere of emotional relationships. It is, more widely, the transversal problem of the distorted relationship within the couple, brought about by a third party which is explored by discussing the dialectic within the couple and within the group as the basis of social links. Its intention is to show that across sometimes marginalised relationships, paradigmatic questions on social links within those relationships are posed key expressions emotion, love, anthropology, cinema, erotism, film, ideology, idealised conception, sexuality, third party
Aragâo, Bastos do Valle Rogerio de. "La théorie de l'agir communicatif en face des apports d'une sociologie comparative des organisations." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H049.
Full textThe thesis considers the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas from the standpoint of technical decision-making. This theory permits a critical analysis of the "social determinism of technology" inherited from H. Marcuse; nevertheless, it assumes that the price of the conditional legitimacy of technology is its assignment to a realm of social interaction where understanding through language is useless. Habermas' "linkage of the action's and system's perspectives" suggests a strategical analysis of industrial organizations, where agents and researchers maintain an "objectifying" attitude. However, this double objectivism is strongly disavowed today by industrial sociologists. Our own research focuses on the robotization of the French, German and Brazilian automobile industries. In all these countries the introduction of microelectronic tools gives rise to an increase in the importance of micro decisions; however, this universal tendency towards participation, which depends on communicative instruments, takes on very different forms according to the social cultural aspects of the country. This diversity in decision-making processes can be explained as the result of different "technical cultures". The ensuing conception leads to a revision of Habermas' interpretation of modernity
Lénel, Pierre. "Quelle sociologie pour quelle démocratie ? : rationalité, politique, émancipation." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1135.
Full text" What sociology for which democracy? Political rationality and emancipation " has for ambition to question the links between the epistemology, the sociological theory and the posture or the kind of commitment of the sociologist in the city. It is a question of exploring the conditions of possibility of a critical, not ideological theory, but established in sociological reason. A first part, leaning on researches-actions, is interested in the question of the participation of the citizens. A first example, a sociology of the Theater of the oppressed, shows how this type of intervention can be interpreted as a device of political subjectivation. The second example raises the question of the participation from quite a different design of the social. On the occasion of the elaboration of a device of participation citizen on the territory of Feyzin, we tried to articulate a particular sociology (theory of the actor-network) and a design of the reason has a practice (with Vincent Descombes) to build a citizen Conference. In these two cases it is the links between sociological paradigm and modalities of democratic intervention that are examined. A more epistemological, second part, is interested in the functioning of the sociological discipline and presents three attempts of elaboration of a posture which aims at putting in its center the notion (and the practice) of « space of controversy ». The first example makes return on the German Quarrel of the social sciences because this quarrel is exemplary, at the same time of a controversy which tries to explore the various available arguments, at some point, but also, from a more substantial point of view, puts the foundations of two interpretations of the social world which are always active in the contemporary debates. The second is situated at a more theoretical level, and, from a colloquium which gathered various partisan authors of a theory of the activity to think of the work, of tent to bring to light a point of view of the activity which could be common to all these authors. The idea is rather simple : it is a question of contributing to build a cumulativity and a point all right the authors of which could claim to be (in particular in a political perspective). Finally, the third takes the risk of exploring what we sometimes call a point of view " postanthropocentric" (or " desanthropocentric ", the terms are far from being stabilized) in social sciences. If we take seriously the question of a deepening of the democracy, to where do we can go in this direction? What can mean for the sociology the idea to take into account the "non-human beings" ? It is so, by means of these multiple angles of attack, that this work suggests displaying our interrogation on the relations between epistemology, sociology and politics
Reumaux, Françoise. "Esquisse d'une théorie des rumeurs : analyse de quelques modèles sociologiques." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H058.
Full textL'Italien, François. "BÉHÉMOTH CAPITAL. Contribution à une théorie dialectique de la financiarisation de la grande corporation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28901/28901.pdf.
Full textBelleau, Jean-Philippe. "Sociologie du mouvement indien au Brésil : une approche à partir de la théorie du processus politique." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030053.
Full textThis dissertation uses various concepts of political process theory (political opportunity structure, collective action frame, mobilizing structure, repertoire of collective action) to examine the factors of emergence and forms of the indigenous movement in Brazil. Since it was born in 1974, this movement has tried various mobilizing structures both to represent societies without tradition of political delegation and to “open” the Brazilian structure of political opportunities: assemblies of indigenous chiefs, raids of indigenous “warriors”, “emblematic leaders”, social movement organizations. The missionary “institutional host” and the critical overclass and communities mainly composed of academics played an essential role in turning disenfranchised social sectors into savvy political actors
Giraudeau, Martin. "La fabrique de l'avenir : une sociologie historique des business plans." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20028.
Full textThis thesis consists in a historical sociology of new venture business plans. It is based on empirical data that shed light on various turning points in the history of these management tools. Five successive case studies are hence presented. The first one deals with the business plans of statesman, scientist and entrepreneur Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours in the late XVIIIth century, the second one with those of the gunpowder manufactory that was to be set up by his son Éleuthère Irénée Du Pont de Nemours in Delaware in the early XIXth century, the third one with the business plan handbooks that were published in the US from 1945 to 2010, the fourth one with the reliance on plans of French State support to jobless entrepreneurs between 1987 and 2007, and the last one with Renault's plans to set up a new plant in Brazil in the mid 1990's. The first contribution of this research is historical. It accounts for the main evolutions of the forms and uses of business plans throughout their history. And it notably highlights the roles of economic and management sciences, as well as that of the State, in the modern and contemporary formalization of business plans, which may be described as a crisis rationalization, made to improve entrepreneurial mastery over the future in times of growing uncertainty. Business plans also raise important sociological questions. The first of these are related to the specific sphere of activities that is studied here: 1) it is indeed possible, thanks to the observation of business plans, to enhance a sociology of entrepreneurship that pays attention to entrepreneurial work and thus goes further than theories of creative genius; 2) the business plan is also a useful entry point for a sociology of organizing that understands the processes through which social and material orders are deliberately made to emerge. Both these lines of questioning are related in the thesis to a question of general sociology: that of the role of the future in present action. The study of business plans shows that the future that is embedded in the plan isn't necessarily imposed to action as a constraining frame but is often rather folded into the present. There, it contributes to the valuation and reconfiguration of the coming action, and initiates its performation
Harfoush, Hanaa. "Mondialisation et nouvelles techniques de communication : approche sociologique et théorique à partir du cas de la jeunesse Syrienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH024/document.
Full textThis thesis will describe and analyze how young Syrian people could use the new techniques of information and communication. Firstly it describes the main characteristic of Syria on demographic economic political and cultural points of view. It underlines how the country has lately discovered the new technologies of communication in comparison with other Arabic countries. Then it presents the evolution of the sociology of mass media and communication and the main trends concerning the explication of the role of the web as a factor provoking the Arabic revolutions in 2010 and 2011. The text analyzes after the situation of the NTIC in Syria using quantitative information coming from different national and international reports. Then it presents the results of an inquiry organized through the web concerning a hundred or young Syrians who have answered to a large panel of opened or closed questions about the way they can use computers, web navigation and cellular phones. It underlines the differences between the generations, the genders and the different areas rural or urban concerning the use of the NTIC. The interest young people show for these techniques as a source of information is linked to the defiance concerning official media narrowly controlled by the regime. However, social networks in the context of the Syrian civil war trend to reinforce the religious and ethnic conflicts and young people use them essentially for leisure to forget the violence
Morin, Olivier. "La transmission culturelle : questions philosophiques et méthodes quantitatives dans l'étude des traditions." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0057.
Full textWhy are there traditions - ideas and practices whose diffusion reaches far and wide in time or space, by way of transmission from one individual to others ? Cognitive approaches of culture have focused above all on the mechanisms that ensure accurate transmission - like teaching, imitation or memorisation. This work explores another possibility : a tradition's diffusion does not depend on the faithfulness with which it is transmitted or retained. Its chief cause is the quantity of transmission episodes that a given tradition is able to provoke. In order to reach this conclusion, the dissertation combines questions coming from the philosophy of social sciences with a range of quantitative methods : the experimental method as used by psychologists, mathematical modelling, and quantitative cultural history. One of its conclusions is that the main mechanism of cultural transmission used in our species is not imitation, nor teaching, but communication. Communication rests on our (possibly unique) ability to understand recursive intentions and make them manifest. It is not particularly faithful. How can a tradition be widely diffused when its transmission lacks fidelity? A theory is presented, that specities in which conditions a great quantity of transmission episodes may compensate the poor quality of the transmission mechanisms used at each step. We have used it, for example, to propose a quantitative model that explains the conservation of traditions in children's peer cultures
Sekulovic, Adriana. "Profession : agent sportif : contribution à une théorie des modèles professionnels." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100023/document.
Full textThis thesis views sports agents as actors evolving in a dynamic, complex and multi-dimensional work environment. Profession, occupation and work, these three terms, although often used interchangeably yet, remain amphibological given their extreme polysemy. The object of this research arises in light of that ambivalence as a study of an atypical profession with an uncompleted status, teetering between regulation and autonomy. The first section of the study aims to help specify and clarify the terminology being used. In doing so, using the literature from the sociology of professions, it provides a starting point for a suitable theoretical framework that could be applied to the profession of sports agent or to the (sports) agency practice, as a whole. The occupational model of sports agent is framed in such a way that the professional self-regulation is restricted by Sports governing Bodies and State regulatory interventions. Therefore we propose to re-examine the organization and regulation of the sports agents’ activities. The findings indicate significant differences between the regulations applicable to sports agents. The inefficiency of the current regulations whether they are enacted by national sports federations, international sports federation or by the State is closely related to the internal professional dynamics that these regulations disturb. The thesis examines therefore the tasks of sports agents, the individuals that carry them out, and the variable and inconstant connections that tie one to the other. In this respect, as a means of a more accurate conceptualization of its object of analysis, this research describes sports agents’ activities quantitatively and qualitatively, exploring various dimensions and aspects such as the foundations of the profession, the social role of sports agents, the different typologies of sports agents and the occupational tasks accomplished by each. It also highlights the international scope of sports agents’ activities
Barbié, Olivier. "Convergences entre économie et sociologie autour du concept de réseau social." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612275.
Full textTourangeau, Stéphanie. "Les discours sur l'équité salariale au Québec: Enjeux politique et théorique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27060.
Full textBoukra, Liess. "De la crise de la sociologie au problème de son objet." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212881.
Full textAstrinidis, Alexandros. "La perception d'une législation juste par les enfants : essai de sociologie législative suivant la théorie de J. Rawls." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020086.
Full textDupret, Baudouin. "Le jeu des répertoires juridiques positif et islamique en Egypte : le droit, entre théorie critique, sociologie et anthropologie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0025.
Full textThis dissertation aims to contribute, in a sociological and anthropological perspective, to the study of legal and normative phenomena in what is traditionnally called the arab muslim world. The purpose was mainly to raise questions on the interplay of various legal repertoires in a single space, i. E. The one of arab societies which have islam as a religious tradition. In focusing on religious, political and legal repertoires, we tried to demonstrate that such a question has to be analysed in terms of change and complexity. The diachronical perspective (change) made it possible to milestone our way of proceeding in its method (anthropology) and its object (the norm, especially political and legal, and its relationship to religious reference). In the synchronical perspective (complexity), we attempted to organise our work around four main questions : (1) Shari'a as a legislative referring principle ; (2) the judge action when referring to the religious legal repertoire ; (3) representations the many actors can have of law, justice and their own action ; (4) the closure of the legal field and its repertoires in Egyptian society. Our conclusion tackles the notion of legal repertoire and what it means concerning the norm in terms of a formal ressource which various actors can be led to punctually fill with substance
Fugier, Pascal. "Dits et écrits de sociologues et d'apprentis sociologues : histoire de vie et prise de positions sociologiques." Besançon, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682100.
Full textFrom a body of sociological writings, interviews and life stories, we study the family resemblances, affinities of style but also the inconsistencies, contradictions or even unspoken passing between, one hand, experiences biographical of "apprentices sociologists’’ and their respective supervisors and, on the other hand, their research experiences and sociological stances. We put in evidence the fact that dispositions (ethnographic, scholastic. . . ) are interposed between these two forms of experience, structuring and mediating their reciprocal influences. Correspondingly, we argue that registers of identification (symbolic, imaginary and real) also circulate between the history of life of (apprentices) sociologists and their sociological stances. So, these registers of identification can be translated into various dispositions (critical, skeptical and paranoid), which structured also forms of subjugation (for which the sociologist can be a subject of "Other of culture" and "culture of narcissism "or its sociohistorical situation). However, these registers can also participate in the event of their subjectivity. Moreover, this research reveals that various epistemological tensions between teachers 'established' and 'outsiders' of the section studied, especially based on their dispositional differences. The process by which apprentice sociologists incorporate this configuration and meet his professorial figures (symbolic and imaginary) may take the form of gradual entry into an "order of discourse"
Caïra, Olivier. "Les contre-allées de l'expérience : vers une sociologie comparative de l'engagement fictionnel." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0089.
Full textThis thesis sets forth a unified definition of fiction and a pattern for the analysis of fictional engagement, in order to facilitate comparisons between various experiences: literature, movies, dramatic art, roleplaying games, videogames, training, philosophical or mathematical fictions, etc. Inspired from ontological, formal, pragmatic et cognitive works, the suggested definition excludes any reference to representation, narrative, language and logic. It is based on the suppression of constraints of proof: cross-checking for mimetic fictions (novels, movies. . . ) and isomorphism for axiomatical worlds (chess, Tetris. . . ). Between these two poles stands a neglected category : simulation games, which unite a mimetic goal (a world to simulate) with a logicomathematic device (a simulator)
David-Jougneau, Maryvonne. "Contribution à une théorie de la dissidence à partir de quelques cas." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H058.
Full textFour French cases are analyzed in a sociological light, criticizing psychiatric approach : what is at stake between the dissident and his social environment? This thesis intends to show cultural bases of dissidence. First part : what is a dissident? What are conditions of dissidence? This research shows a pattern of dissidence with its four stages : protest, confrontation with institution, going into dissidence, reintegration-rehabilitation. Analyzing these stages, reveals what is at stake fundamentally: the question of rights or principles, to which the dissident makes reference, both theoretically and practically, when confronted to institutional practice ,according to standards which do not correspond to these principles. This question justifies his dissident attitude both for himself and for the minority which supports him. ? Second part: on the contrary, most of coactors, inside his own institutional environment, reject him as a paranoid. When analyzing codes of interaction, questioned by the dissident's behavior, another fundamental stake comes to light : the size as a "social actor", offered by the dissident to the "standardized agents", whose self-image is questioned as well as that of social reality. Those standardized agents reject the dissident, engendring spontaneously (without any psychiatric knowledge), the elements of a diagnosis, which set upon him the stigmas of paranoia. Third part : but the dissident, through the different stages of interaction, experiences variations of his social dimension as extraordinary as those experienced by Alice in Lewis Carroll's book. While proposing a «superior size "for the institutional normalized dimension, (a kind of hidden dimension), linked with his social status, the dissident is "reduced" or even threatened with annihilation by his coactors. He escapes by going into dissidence, where he then "grows" immoderately. Therefore, when he is to be reintegrated, comes the problem of his rehabilitation, the fundamental stake being: he may be reintegrated, but what will guarantee his institutional dimension? A difficult matter to be negotiated with the institutions
Prades, Jean-Luc. "Les fondements méthodologiques de l'intervention institutionnelle en France : Étude comparée de sociologie clinique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2021.
Full textPierre, Thomas. "L'action en force et les forces en action : sociologie de la force au travail." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012L/document.
Full textThis study falls within the focus of research on pragmatic sociology concerning engagement schemes of action. This thesis sets out to compliment the competence to judge and the actions by person through a strategic action regime modelisation system. This involves examining this regime within the internal economy and its relation with other schemes of engagement which can be considered as a resource to denounce and justify.This inquiry employs different resources which impact the production of different categories of analysis and description. First of all, the study is based on the body of theory in pragmatic sociology and disagreements postulated in sociology. Secondly, a focus on the work of N. Machiavelli, equated with political grammar of strategic action. Followed, by an analysis of two empirical surveys linked to the research themes treated. The first survey concerns the planning related to logistical sub-contracting in the electronical commercial domain. The second survey, analyses the work concerning the representation of an electoral enterprise campaign.The strategic action of regime is a lens to analyze and construct a framework of the actions and situations which are based on the principles of equity of power. The situations consist of power struggles aimed to keep or conserve that which is good. The evaluation of situations such as power relations facilitate the reduction of uncertainty in carrying out actions, in order to classify the situations and proceed to distribution of goods. Virtù refers to the competence of people in strategic actions which facilitate engagement in strategic situation
Henning, Véronique. ""Le bon gros" : théorie implicite de presonnalité ou représentation sociale ?" Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H111.
Full textBubendorff, Sandrine. "Processus d'autonomisation à l'ère du numérique : pour une sociologie critique du financement participatif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG018/document.
Full textThis dissertations, which reviews Frankfurt School Critical theory's, intends to question the cultural industry's transformations in a digital society. Through the example of crowdfunding, we question the relevance of normative ideals structured on autonomy, authenticity, independance and collaboration. This values, onces constitutives of the digital ideology, are now highlighted by the crowdfunding creators and producers. Seen as a tool which can encourage disintermediation, crowdfunding is introduced as a new way of producing and consumming culture. Based on actor's statements, we desribe how those transformations are incorporated by the cultural industry and, widely by a specific« form of life ». This dual mechanism of ideals' recuperation and transformation within them is understood as specific from a highly paradoxical modernity (A. Honneth). Crowdfunding is considered in dialectical way, and lets us see the empowerment process which appears for individuals in the heart of this paradoxes
Brun, Éric. "Guy Debord et l'Internationale situationniste : sociologie d'une avant-garde « totale »." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0076.
Full textAt the crossing of the intellectual's sociology, political sociology and the sociology of artistic movements, this PhD dissertation analyzes the evolution of a group named "Situationist International" (S. I. ) and of its leader, Guy Debord (1931-1994). It was founded in 1957 from the merging of some small groups of "avant-garde" artists, it became a "revolutionnary" political movement during the 1960s. The core of this dissertation is to understand this "reconversion" by studying the social properties, the positions and the stands taken by the situationnists, such a reconversion, wich can also be considered as the decompartmentalization of the different social sectors of activity, is an opportunity to test a new object of the concept of field forged by Pierre Bourdieu. It also sheds a new light on the relationships artists and intellectuals maintain with politics. In keeping with its work on redefining the conceptions of creation and selflessness, the S. I. Is led to take some distance from the artistic field. Its reconversion into "revolutionary" activism is also related to the issues at stake for literary and artistic field. Its reconversion into "revolutionnary" activism is also related to the issues at stake for litterary and artistic avant-gardes in the 1950s. As well as to a transformation of the space of political possibles at the beginning of the 1960s. Lastly, it brings out internal struggles within the movement, the study of wich reveals the mechanisms that control the forming of avant-garde groups as well as the obstacles to the their becoming international
Abradi, Sara. "Le traitement des dispositifs d’intégration des demandeurs d’asile au Québec dans la littérature sociologique ou La désintégration théorique : une étude d’approche institutionnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40074.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study how Quebec sociology deals with the institutional measures for the integration of asylum seekers. The research was based on the observation that there are few studies on the integration of asylum seekers in Quebec sociology whereas the reflection on the matter is widely explored elsewhere. After analysing sociological texts on the topic, six themes have been proposed: the measures, the epistemological approach, the phenomenological approach, the comparative approach, the feminist approach and the critical approach. Economic measures are the most developed and they mostly concern job seeking. However, a few social, cultural and political measures do exist. As for the discourses on integration, there are differences on several levels. If at the Canadian federal level, integration refers to multiculturalism, in Quebec it deals with interculturalism, a compromise between the desire to preserve Quebec's cultural identity and the attachment to Canadian values of acceptance of the culture of the other. In the past, if the asylum seeker benefited from a positive aura with a tradition of welcoming the asylum seeker as a national value, he is now confronted with an arsenal of restrictive and dissuasive immigration measures that makes integration difficult for him. On the other hand, asylum seekers have their own perceptions and discourses on integration. The comparative approach made it possible to compare Quebec, Canadian, French and American integration models. In the past, the first comparisons of sociologists focused on French and American classical models. However, the importance of the phenomenon of immigration in these societies leaded them to find and propose other concepts in order to represent as much as possible this reality. The feminist approach shows the situation of intersectionality of women. The critical approach highlights discrimination in the process of integration and its measures which are mainly related to the issue of social integration.
Vaugrand, Henri. "Constructions d'un champ sociologique : Le sport : analyse de l'espace des pratiques et théorie critique de l'institution." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30061.
Full textFrom a cartography of the french sociology of sport, the sporting field theory, based upon pierre bourdieu's works, and the critical theory of sport, introduced by jean- marie brohm, are apprehended from a threefold standpoint. - a formal analysis of their explanatory schema (functional schema, structural schema and dialectical schema for the first paradigm; dialectical schema, fonctional schema and structural schema for the second paradigm); -a thematic evaluation: institutional political and theoretical (the militancy of the journal "quel corps?" on one hand; an orthodoxy in the sciences and techniques of sports and physical activities on the other hand); -a dialectical comparison based upon complementarity, mutual involvement, ambiguousness, polarization, and reciprocity of perspectives
Farès, Nabile. "La théorie anthropologique au Maghreb : le cas de la littérature maghrébine de langue française : recherches de psycho-sociologie de la connaissance." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100088.
Full textThe problem of a maghrebian literature written in French must be approach from a reflexion of cultural anthropology. An analysis of the mutation from an oral literature to a written literature in Maghreb. Acculturation is analysed here as a fundamental concept of social change. The writings of Cl. Levi-Strauss -" anthropologie structural I et II - the studies of Tylor, Lowie, and closer to us Kroebar's studies allow one (in relation with the other discipline- linguistics, semantics, psychoanalysis-) to define a methodology of literary production related to an anthropological trajectory. Diachrony and synchrony; syntagmatic and paradigmatic movements make it possible to produce a transversal and or structural reading and interpretation of literary works; they also allow one to have a good grasp of the historical emergence of the development of this literatures. It is in this sense that Flaubert'work, the birth of a literature of strangeness, colonial literature and a literature in French language could be explained. Freud's writings as the "uncanniness" and "anxiety and drive" will be taken guidelines for a pragmatic of e symbolic anthropology of cultural creation. The literary text, in its analysis, send us back to an analysis of culture. It’s what determines our semiotical analysis of Flaubert, Louis Bertrand, and in Maghreb : M. Feraoun, D. Chraibi, Y. Kateb, A. Medded, A. Khatibi. . . A crucial reference in this study is made to the works - as a epistemology of literary production - to the works of R. Jakobson, C. S. Peirce, J. Lacan, T. Todorov, P. Kaufmann
Rème, Pétronille. "Harrison C. White : une théorie générale des marchés." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010063.
Full textFerland-Raymond, Amélie-Elsa. "L'évolution de l'activité bénévole au Québec entre 1900 et 1960 : une pratique rythmée par les grandes tendances économiques, politiques, religieuses et sociales de l'époque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24096/24096.pdf.
Full textAbdelhakim, Garrabe Tahani. "Pluriactivité et agriculture familiale : réalités sociales, questions théoriques, et études de cas." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100046.
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